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4) Ibne-Sina
Ibne Sina :
1. He contributed in the field of medicine , medicinal chemistry , philosophy , mathematics and astronomy.
2. He was the famous Muslim surgeon of his times.
3. He authored a five-volume medical encyclopedia: The Canon of Medicine (Al-Qanun fi't-Tibb). It was
used as the standard medical textbook in the Islamic world and Europe up to the 18th century.
Q#5 : Write down the contribution of Robert Boyle in Chemistry.
Ans : Robert Boyle :
1. He was the first to put forward the idea that chemistry should be regarded as a systematic investigation
of nature with the sole aim of promoting knowledge.
2. He was the first chemist to isolate and collect a gas.
3. He formulated a gas law which is known as Boyles law.
Q#6 : Explain the development of Chemistry during Greek , Muslims and Modern period.
Ans : Greek Period :
1. They introduced the concept of elements , atoms and chemical reaction.
2. They thought that all matter was derived from four elements , earth , air , fire and water. These
elements have properties of their own such as hot , dry , cold and wet.
3. They improved metallurgical processes and introduced the enameling of pottery.
4. Their work were all empirical.
Muslim Period :
1. Muslim period is also known as period of Alchemists.
2. Muslims introduced scientific methods and experimentation.
3. Muslims developed and use many laboratory equipments such as funnels , beakers , crucibles for
melting and fusion , retorts for distillation , balances for weighing etc.
4. They discovered various acids , alcohols and medicines.
Modern Period :
1. Modern period started in the 17th and 18th century as a result of experimentations , free discussions and
communication of work of chemists throughout the world.
2. Robert Boyle is described as the father of modern chemistry.
3. J.J.Berzelius introduced the idea of symbols , formulae and chemical equations to make the study of
chemistry more systematic.
4. J.J.Thomson , Henry Becquerel , Rutherford , Neil Bohr , M.Curie led to the discoveries of structure of
atom , radioactivity which opened the door of present nuclear age.
Chapter No 1 Test Questions :
Q#1 : Define chemistry and explain its branches.
Q#2 : Explain the scientific approach in studying Chemistry.
Q#3 : Explain the contribution of any three Muslim scientists in the field of Chemistry.
Q#4 : Explain the role of Chemistry in society.
Q#5 : Write down the contribution of Robert Boyle in Chemistry.
Q#6 : Explain the development of Chemistry during Greek , Muslims and Modern period.
Activity:
1. Make a chart showing inventions made by scientists of modern period.
2. Solve objectives and MCQs in book.