Cause and effect Essay Outline

Topic: Misconception about campus sexual assaults in North America

deepens victims trauma.
I.
Introduction
A. Hook:
North American countries are considered one of the most advanced
societies in term of promoting humans rights such as homosexual, gay
marriage, or freedom of speech. Their education systems are also
global leaders, recruit thousands of talented students every year.
However, little does the world acknowledge these colleges grayest
area - sexual assault in campus. According to Americans National
Sexual Violence Resource Center, one in 5 women is sexually assaulted
while in college and the majority of these crime (90%) are never
reported.
B. Thesis statement:
Even though sexual assault is a prevalent issue in North American
campuses, survivors not only lack of receiving adequate supports but
they are stressed under an invisible social judgment. Social
misconception on campus sexual assaults have been deepening the
victims trauma.

II.
Body
A. Paragraph 2 topic sentence: Sexual assault myths or misinterpretation
of consent.
- Meaning of consent: Consent means permission for something to
happen. Most of the campus sexual assault cases find it difficult to
define consent or non-consent activity.
- Cases of conscious: no means no, silence doesnt mean yes, drunk
doesnt mean yes, going to a private place together doesnt mean
he/she want to have sex
- Cases of unconscious: Having sexual activity while the company is
unconscious is certainly non-consent, although the company agreed
to have sex while he/she is awake.
Because of unclear knowledge about consent, perpetrators are not
aware of the crime, lead to serial crime commitment. Victims often
do not recognize that they have been sexual assaulted therefore no
report was done, yet they suffer guilt and shame alone.
B. Paragraph 3 topic sentence: Culture of slut-shaming

Slut-shaming: putting blame on the women by judging them for:

inappropriate clothes, going out alone at night, getting drunk, being
flirtatious
2nd trauma caused by the society, survivors find it impossible to
overcome low self-esteem and feeling of worthlessness.
- Common but wrong behavior toward the victims: educate girls to
protect themselves instead of teaching boys not to rape
A patriarchal society environment silently helps the perpetrators
rather than survivors
C. Paragraph 4 topic sentence:
Example: Scandalous serial sexual assault crime in University of British
Colombia: 5 cases report on 1 student, but the institute asked the
victims to stay in silence since it would affect colleges reputation.
30% of colleges and universities offered no training on sexual assault
to students nor law enforcement officers (U.S. Senate Subcommittee,
2014).
70% of colleges and universities did not have a protocol for working
with local law enforcement (U.S. Senate Subcommittee, 2014).
Serious trauma for survivors seeing the perpetrator walks free, lose
belief in justice

III.

Conclusion
A. Related thesis: Sexual assault has never been an easy topic.
Most people avoid talking about it as it contains the most
vulnerable and intimate secret of ones life. It is sorrowful to see
even the most advanced society as North American still
deteriorating sexual assault cases culturally and legally, result in
dramatic damages to survivors.
B. Opinion: Sex should no longer a taboo subject, especially in
campus. If sex education is not well addressed to every student,
the number of victim will keep rising. Society should also change
its point of view on victims.

References:
http://www.sexassault.ca/statistics.htm
http://sacha.ca/resources/statistics