/$35$7,&$',$87266(59$=,21(1(//$'9$,7$9('$17$

,03/,&$=,21,$8725($/,==$7,9((7(5$3(87,&+(

/DXUD%RJJLR*LORW

INformazione Psicologia Psicoterapia Psichiatria" n. 34

http://www.in-psicoterapia.com

,VHQVLVRQRJUDQGL
SLJUDQGHGHLVHQVLqODPHQWH
SL

JUDQGH

GHOOD

PHQWH

OLQWHOOHWWRH
SLJUDQGHGHOOLQWHOOHWWRqLO6p
%KDJDYDG*LWD

&RPH KD DIIHUPDWR &*-XQJ QRL DEELDPR YHUDPHQWH YDORUH VROR LQ YLUW
GHOOHVVHQ]DFKHLQFDUQLDPRHVHQRQODUHDOL]]LDPRODQRVWUDYLWDqVSUHFDWD
1RQRVWDQWHOHLVSLUDQWLSDUROHGHOSDGUHGHOODSVLFRORJLDDQDOLWLFDLOFRQFHWWRGL
FKHFRVDVLD OHVVHQ]D GHOOHVVHUH XPDQR FKH QHOOD SVLFRORJLD FKLDPLDPR LO 6p q
VWDWR SURIRQGDPHQWH OLPLWDWR GDOOD FRUQLFH GL ULIHULPHQWR VFLHQWLILFD GL VWDPSR
PHFFDQLFLVWLFRLQFXLODSVLFRORJLDVLqVYLOXSSDWD8QSXQWRGLVYROWDULVSHWWRDOOD
YLVLRQH ULGXWWLYLVWLFD GHOOD QDWXUD XPDQD SURYLHQH GDOOH ULFHUFKH GHOOD 3VLFRORJLD
7UDQVSHUVRQDOHDWWUDYHUVRODFFRVWDPHQWRDOOHJUDQGLWUDGL]LRQLPHGLWDWLYHGLFXL
ODFRVLGGHWWDTXDUWDIRU]DVLIDSRUWDYRFHHGLQWHUSUHWH
$ TXHVWR SURSRVLWR LQ XQ DUWLFROR QHO -RXUQDO RI 7UDQVSHUVRQDO 3V\FKRORJ\
FKH q OD ULYLVWD SL DFFUHGLWDWD GHO PRYLPHQWR WUDQVSHUVRQDOH 5RJHU :DOVK

XQR VWXGLRVR GL JUDQGH ULOLHYR VFULYHYD FKH TXDQGR JOL VWRULFL JXDUGHUDQQR
LQGLHWUR DO YHQWHVLPR VHFROR SRWUDQQR FRQFOXGHUH FKH OH SL LPSRUWDQWL VFRSHUWH
QHO FDPSR GHOOD SVLFRORJLD QRQ VRQR ULIHULELOL D QXRYH FRQRVFHQ]H PD DO
ULFRQRVFLPHQWRGHOODQWLFDVDJJH]]D
1HOOH WUDGL]LRQL PHGLWDWLYH FKH VRVWDQ]LDQR OD FRVLGGHWWD ILORVRILD SHUHQQH
LPSDULDPR FKH LO 6p q HWHUQR H LPPRUWDOH FKH OD PDWXULWj SVLFRORJLFD SXz
SURJUHGLUH PROWR DO GL Oj GHO QRVWUR FRQFHWWR GL QRUPDOLWj DUELWUDULDPHQWH OHJDWR
DOOD FXOWXUD FKH HVLVWRQR SRWHQ]LDOLWj HYROXWLYH ODWHQWL LQ RJQXQR GL QRL H
VWUDWHJLH SHU VYLOXSSDUH OD FRVFLHQ]D H OLGHQWLWj EHQ ROWUH L OLPLWL GHOOLR

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

FRQRVFLXWR GDOOD SVLFRORJLD RFFLGHQWDOH 1HL VHQWLHUL PHGLWDWLYL DVLDWLFL WURYLDPR

DPSLDPHQWH WUDWWDWH OH PRGDOLWj FKH FRQGXFRQR D TXHOOR VWDWR GL FRVFLHQ]D
WUDQVSHUVRQDOH GHILQLWR GL ,OOXPLQD]LRQH OR VWDWR VXSUHPR GHOOD FRQRVFHQ]D GHOOD
UHDOWj FKH VYHOD LO 6DFUR FRPH SULQFLSLR H DOLPHQWR GL WXWWH OH FRVH H GHOOR VWHVVR
6p LQGLYLGXDOH 1HOOH WHVWLPRQLDQ]H VDSLHQ]LDOL OD FRQRVFHQ]D FKH DWWLQJH DO
SULQFLSLR PHWDILVLFR q DVVRFLDWD DOOD OLEHUD]LRQH GDOOD VRIIHUHQ]D SURGRWWD
GDOOLJQRUDQ]DHGDOORVWDWRLQFRQGL]LRQDWRGHOODEHDWLWXGLQHVHQ]DRJJHWWRHGHOOD
SDFHSURIRQGD

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

3HU OH DPSLH LPSOLFD]LRQL QHL WHPL GHOOD VDOXWH GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D H GHOOR
VYLOXSSR SHQHWUDUH QHOOH SURIRQGLWj GHL VHQWLHUL PHGLWDWLYL H SHUFRUUHUH LO
FDPPLQR YHUVR O,OOXPLQD]LRQH q XQ FRPSLWR GHOOR SVLFRORJR WUDQVSHUVRQDOH FKH
LQTXDQWRWDOHUDSSUHVHQWDXQDILJXUDQXRYDGLVFLHQ]LDWRHPLVWLFR

,SULQFLSLGHOO$GYDLWD9HGDQWD

,Q TXHVWR FRQWHVWR OD PLD VWRULD GL ULFHUFDWULFH VL FROOHJD DOO$GYDLWD 9HGDQWD
XQD WUDGL]LRQH PHGLWDWLYD FKH GHULYD GDOOH 8SDQLVDG OXOWLPD SDUWH GHL 9HGD L
SLDQWLFKLWHVWLVDFULKLQGX
/$GYDLWD9HGDQWDVLFROORFDQHOVROFRGHOOHWUDGL]LRQL QRQGXDOLVWH VHFRQGR OH
TXDOLLO6pHODUHDOWjVRQRQHOODORURHVVHQ]DVSLULWRLQGLYLVR OH GL IRUPH GLVWLQWH
GHOOXQLYHUVR FKH LQFOXGRQR OLQGLYLGXDOLWj XPDQD VRQR XQLILFDWH DG XQ OLYHOOR
SURIRQGR GD XQD WUDPD LPPDQLIHVWD H LQYLVLELOH FKH QRQ q VRWWRSRVWD D
PXWDPHQWR H FKH DQLPD H Gj RUGLQH DOOD PROWHSOLFLWj YLVLELOH 3HFXOLDUH GHOOD
YLVLRQH QRQGXDOLVWD q LO FDUDWWHUH LPPDQHQWH H WUDVFHQGHQWH GHOOR 6SLULWR YHWWD
HSSXUHEDVHGHOODVWUXWWXUDJHUDUFKLFDGHOODYLWD
$ TXHVWD RQQLSHUYDGHQWH UHDOWj VSLULWXDOH OH 8SDQLVDG DWWULEXLVFRQR OD QDWXUD
GHOOD SXUD FRVFLHQ]D GL SHU Vp LQFRQRVFLELOH GDL VHQVL H GDO SHQVLHUR VHQ]D Qp
IRUPD Qp TXDOLWj LPPXWDELOH LQGLVWUXWWLELOH WUDVFHQGHQWH RJQL OLPLWH VSD]LR
WHPSRUDOHHGHWHUQDPHQWHIHOLFH
&RVu $EKLQDYDJXSWD XQ HVSRQHQWH GHOOD WUDGL]LRQH GHVFULYHYD TXHVWD
VXSUHPDUHDOWjVHQ]DLQL]LRXQLFDGLPRUDGHOWXWWRSUHVHQWHLQ WXWWR FLz FKH q
PRELOH

HG

LPPRELOHDXWRULVSOHQGHQWH

SLHQD

SHUIHWWD



(

6DQNDUD

LO

FRGLILFDWRUH$GYDLWD9HGDQWDVRWWROLQHDFKHODFRVFLHQ]DqODQDWXUDGHO%UDKPDQ
FKH q FRQRVFHQ]D LQILQLWR HVVHQ]D GL LQGLYLVLELOH EHDWLWXGLQH H QRQ GLIIHUHQWH
GDOODQLPDLQGLYLGXDOH
4XHVWD SXUD FRVFLHQ]D GLPRUDQWH LQ WXWWR OHVLVWHQWH H SHUFLz XQLYHUVDOH q LO
FXRUH GHO 6p FKH QH FRQGLYLGH OLPPRUWDOLWj ,O 6p QRQ QDVFH H QRQ PXRUH Qp
PDL FHVVHUj GL HVVHUH QRQ QDWR HWHUQR SHUPDQHQWH H DQWLFR QRQ q XFFLVR
TXDQGRLOFRUSRYLHQHXFFLVR
1HOOD 0DQGXN\D 8SDQLVDG OXQLWj WUDVFHQGHQWH GHO 6p H GHOOD UHDOWj H TXLQGL
OLQGLVWUXWWLELOLWj GHOODQLPD q GHOLQHDWR LQ XQD EHOOD PHWDIRUD LO 6p q
FRQVLGHUDWR HVLVWHQWH VRWWR IRUPD GL DQLPD LQGLYLGXDOH DOOD VWUHJXD GHOOR VSD]LR
HWHUH HVLVWHQWH QHOOD EURFFD FRPH OHWHUH FRQILQDWR HQWUR OD EURFFD VL IRQGH
FRPSOHWDPHQWH TXDQGR DYYLHQH OD GLVLQWHJUD]LRQH GHOOD EURFFD FRVu ODQLPD

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

LQGLYLGXDOH VL IRQGH FRQ OD &RVFLHQ]D RQQLSHUYDGHQWH 'LYHUVDPHQWH GDO 6p

FKHQRQqFRUURWWRGDOOXVXUDGHOWHPSRHGHOORVSD]LROLRVWRULFRFRVWUXLWRGDOOH
HVSHULHQ]HGHOPRQGRYLYHXQHVLVWHQ]DLPPHUVDQHOODILQLWXGLQH
,Q XQDOWUD 8SDQLVDG  OD 0XQGDND DQFRUD XQD PHWDIRUD FRQIURQWD OR VWDWR
SHUPDQHQWH GHO 6p FRQ OR VWDWR LPSHUPDQHQWH GHOOLR GXH EHJOL XFFHOOL OXQ
ODOWUR FRPSDJQR DELWDQR LQVLHPH QHOOR VWHVVR DOEHUR /XQR VL FLED GHL VXRL
IUXWWL ODOWUR VHQ]D PDQJLDUH FRQ OR VJXDUGR WXWWR DEEUDFFLD   0HQWUH OLR q
LPSHJQDWR QHOOD WRUWXUDWD H SUHFDULD FDWWXUD GL QXWULPHQWL IXJJHQWL LO 6p q
OLPPRWRWHVWLPRQHFKHOLEHURGDOOD]LRQHVSD]LDLQGLVWXUEDWRQHOOLQILQLWR
1HOOHVFULWWXUHYHGDQWLFKHLO UDSSRUWR GHO 6p FRQ OLR q GHVFULWWR FRPH TXHOOR GL
XQ FHQWUR UHJRODWRUH LQWHUQR GD FXL LO FRUSR H OD PHQWH SUHQGRQR GLUHWWLYH XQ
RUGLQDWRUHWUDVFHQGHQWHFKHLQIOXHQ]D OD SHUVRQDOLWj FRVFLHQWH VHFRQGR PRGHOOL
H SRWHUL XQLYHUVDOL

 &RPH ULOHYD 5DSKDHO LO 0DHVWUR YHGDQWLQR VHSSXU QRQ

DJHQWHLO6pGHWHUPLQDODYLWDGHOOLRFRPHLOQXFOHRDWRPLFRTXHOODGHJOLHOHWWURQL



( D TXHVWD WUDQVSHUVRQDOH UHDOWj FKH GRYHYD ULIHULUVL -XQJ QHOODVVHULUH FKH LO

6pqVRJJHWWRGLXQSURFHVVRFKHVLVYROJHDO GL IXRUL GHOOD SHUVRQDOLWj FRVFLHQWH

H VXOOD TXDOH HVHUFLWD XQR VSHFLILFR HIIHWWR   $OOD VWHVVD VSLULWXDOH UHDOWj VL
ULIHULYD OD 0/9RQ )UDQ] QHOODVVHULUH FKH LO 6p SXz HVVHUH GHILQLWR XQ SULQFLSLR
LQWHULRUHJXLGDGLVWLQWRGDOODSHUVRQDOLWjFRVFLHQWHFKH VL PDQLIHVWD QHOOD PLVXUD
LQFXLOLRqGLVSRVWRDVHJXLUQHLPHVVDJJL
7UDVFHQGHUH LO VHQVR GHOOLR VHSDUDWR SHU UHDOL]]DUH OXQLWj FRQ LO 6p VXSHUDUH
OLOOXVLRQH GHOOD PRUWDOLWj H UHDOL]]DUH OLPPRUWDOLWj VFRQILJJHUH OLJQRUDQ]D H
YLYHUH QHOOHWHUQD FRQVDSHYROH]]D GHOOXQLWj GHOOD YLWD q TXHVWR OR VFRSR GHO
FDPPLQRPHGLWDWLYRYHGDQWLFR
,QTXHVWRFRQWHVWRODUHDOL]]D]LRQHGHO6pqSRVVLELOHLQXQRVWDWRGLFRVFLHQ]D
QRQGXDOLVWLFR ROWUH OD VHSDUD]LRQH WUD VRJJHWWR H RJJHWWR FKH q GHILQLWR XQ
TXDUWRVWDWRGRSRODYHJOLDLOVRQQRHLOVRJQR
/DFRVFLHQ]DQRQGXDOLVWLFDULFKLHGHORVYLOXSSRGLTXDOLILFD]LRQLFKHVLUHDOL]]DQR
QHOSHUFRUVRPHGLWDWLYR
  /D GLVFULPLQD]LRQH WUD LO 5HDOH H OLUUHDOH R WUD 6p H QRQVp RYYHUR LO
GLVFHUQLPHQWR LQWXLWLYR WUD FLz FKH q DVVROXWR SHUPDQHQWH H LPPXWDELOH H FLz
FKHqUHODWLYRLPSHUPDQHQWHHPXWHYROH
,OGLVWDFFRGDOOLUUHDOHRGDOQRQVp
  /H TXDOLWj GHOOD PHQWH SDFLILFDWD OD FDOPD PHQWDOH ODXWRGRPLQLR LO
UDFFRJOLPHQWRLQWHULRUHODSD]LHQ]DHODIHGH

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

/DUGHQWHYRORQWjGLOLEHUD]LRQH

/DSUDWLFDGLDXWRVVHUYD]LRQHHLOSURFHVVRGLGLVuGHQWLILFD]LRQH

)RQGDPHQWR GHO SURFHVVR GL GLVFULPLQD]LRQH q OD SUDWLFD GL DXWRVVHUYD]LRQH

HVVD FRQVLVWH LQ XQ VRILVWLFDWR WUDQLQJ GL HVSORUD]LRQH GHOOR VWDWR PHQWDOH H GHL
SURFHVVL SHUFHWWLYL FKH PLUD D UHDOL]]DUH OHVSHULHQ]D GHOOD SXUD FRVFLHQ]D FRPH
FRQWHVWR GLVWLQWR GDO VRJJHWWR GDOORJJHWWR H GDO SURFHVVR GHOOD SHUFH]LRQH H
SHUFLz WHVWLPRQH GHOOHVSHULHQ]D GHOOLR /D GLIIHUHQ]LD]LRQH WUD FRVFLHQ]D H
FRQWHQXWL PHQWDOL q GHILQLWD FRPH VWDWR GL GLVuGHQWLILFD]LRQH FKH LQWURGXFH DO
GLVWDFFRUDGLFDOHGDOOHVSHULHQ]DHJRLFDFRQGL]LRQHSHUODUHDOL]]D]LRQHGHO6p
1HO SUHVHQWDUH OD SUDWLFD DOOR SVLFRORJR RFFLGHQWDOH DL ILQL GL XQD UHWWD
FRPSUHQVLRQH q LQGLVSHQVDELOH VRWWROLQHDUH FRPH QHOOD FRUQLFH GL ULIHULPHQWR
GHOOD WUDGL]LRQH 9HGDQWD HG LQ JHQHUDOH DVLDWLFD OD FRVFLHQ]D QRQ q XQ DWWULEXWR
GHO FHUYHOOR PD q OHVVHQ]D GHOOLQWHUD YLWD DSHUWD H LQFRQGL]LRQDWD HVVD q
ORULJLQH H QRQ LO SURGRWWR GHOOD PDWHULD 1HOOLQGLYLGXDOLWj DSSDUWLHQH DO 6p QRQ
DOOLRPHQWHTXHVWRSLXWWRVWRqXQRJJHWWRGHOODFRVFLHQ]DHVRYUDSSRVWRDGHVVD
FRPH XQ ILOP q VRYUDSSRVWR DG XQR VFKHUPR QHXWUR ,Q VH VWHVVD OD FRVFLHQ]D
QRQ q XQHQWLWj GRWDWD GL TXDOLWj PD XQR VIRQGR LQ FXL OH TXDOLWj PHQWDOL VL
ULIOHWWRQR VRYUDSSRQHQGRVL FRQ OH ORUR IRUPH FDQJLDQWL DOOD VXD QHXWUDOLWj
TXDQGROD&RVFLHQ]DVLLGHQWLILFDFRQLFRQWHQXWLPHQWDOLHVVDGLSHUVpQHXWUDH
LQFRORUH VL FRORUD GHOOH ORUR IRUPH FKH GLYHQWDQR GHL ILOWUL DWWUDYHUVR FXL q
SHUFHSLWDHGLVWRUWDODUHDOWj
/R VWDWR GL LGHQWLILFD]LRQH FRQ L FRQWHQXWL PHQWDOL q FKLDPDWR DYLG\D
LJQRUDQ]D6FRSRGHOODPHGLWD]LRQH9HGDQWDqYLG\DODFRQRVFHQ]DDWWUDYHUVR
OD SURJUHVVLYD GLVuGHQWLILFD]LRQH GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D GD RJQL FRQWHQXWR PHQWDOH FKH
LQFOXGHORVWHVVRVHQVRGHOOLRVWRULFRHWHPSRUDOH
,Q TXDQWR FHQWUDWD VXOOD GLVuGHQWLILFD]LRQH GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D GDL FRQWHQXWL
PHQWDOL

ODXWRVVHUYD]LRQH

PHGLWDWLYD

q

DVVDL

GLYHUVD

GDOODXWRVVHUYD]LRQH

SUDWLFDWD QHOORUGLQDULD FRQVDSHYROH]]D H TXLQGL GDOOLQWURVSH]LRQH SVLFRWHUDSLFD




1HOORUGLQDULD FRQVDSHYROH]]D ORVVHUYD]LRQH q UHDOL]]DWD DWWUDYHUVR L ILOWUL GHL

FRQWHQXWL PHQWDOL FRQ FXL LO VRJJHWWR SHUFLSLHQWH q LGHQWLILFDWR WDOL ILOWUL VRQR LO
FRQWHVWR GDOOD FXL SURVSHWWLYD q LQYHVWLJDWD H LQWHUSUHWDWD OD UHDOWj HVWHUQD HG
LQWHUQD

1HOODXWRVVHUYD]LRQH

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

TXHVWL

ILOWUL

VRJJHWWLYL

GLYHQWDQR

RJJHWWL

GL

RVVHUYD]LRQHGDFRQWHVWRRVVHUYDQWHGLYHQWDQRFRQWHQXWLRVVHUYDWLHULFRQRVFLXWL
QHOOD ORUR QDWXUD GLVWLQWL GDOORVVHUYDWRUH /D FRQRVFHQ]D GL QRL VWHVVL ULFKLHGH
FKH QRL JXDUGLDPR OD UHDOWj LQWHULRUH OLEHUL GDL ILOWUL VRJJHWWLYL ULHPSLWL GL VLVWHPL
GLLGHQWLILFD]LRQHHGLGLIHVHFKHFLIDQQRYHGHUHVRORFLzFKHSRVVLDPRRYRJOLDPR
YHGHUH
/RJJHWWLYD]LRQH GHL ILOWUL SHUFHWWLYL SURGXFH XQ DPSOLDPHQWR GHOOD SHUFH]LRQH
FKH SRVVLDPR HVHPSOLILFDUH FRQ XQD PHWDIRUD VH XQD IRJOLD FRSUH XQ RFFKLR OD
YLVLRQH GHOORFFKLR VDUj FRPSOHWDPHQWH RVFXUDWD H OD IRJOLD QRQ VDUj SHUFHSLELOH
LQ VH VWHVVD YLFHYHUVD VH OD IRJOLD q DOORQWDQDWD GDOORFFKLR TXHVWR q OLEHUDWR
GDOODVXDRVWUX]LRQHHSXzULFRQRVFHUHVLDODIRJOLDSHUTXHOORFKHqVLDORVSD]LR
FKH OD IRJOLD FRSULYD &RPH OD IRJOLD DQFKH L ILOWUL SHUFHWWLYL UHQGRQR
LQFRQVDSHYROL VLD GHOOD ORUR QDWXUD YHODQWH VLD GL FLz FKH q YHODWR 'DOOD
SURVSHWWLYD PHGLWDWLYD OD FRVFLHQ]D RUGLQDULD FKH q LGHQWLILFDWD FRQ L FRQWHQXWL
PHQWDOL q XQD FRQGL]LRQH GL JUDYH LQFRQVDSHYROH]]D FKH SHU LUUHDOWj H
GHIRUPD]LRQH SURLHWWLYD QRQ q PROWR GLVVLPLOH GDOOD QRVWUD FRQFH]LRQH GHOOD
SVLFRVL ,Q TXHVWR FRQWHVWR OD GLVuGHQWLILFD]LRQH GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D GD RJQL
FRQWHQXWRPHQWDOHqXQDQHFHVVLWjVLDGLXQDYLVLRQHFRUUHWWDGHOODUHDOWjVLDGHO
UDJJLXQJLPHQWRGLXQDFRQGL]LRQHGLVDQDVDOXWHPHQWDOH

/HVSHULHQ]DSVLFRGLQDPLFDHGHYROXWLYDGHOORVVHUYD]LRQHLQWHULRUH

,O SURFHVVR GL DXWRVVHUYD]LRQH FKH LQWHQGH OLEHUDUH OD FRVFLHQ]D GDL VXRL ILOWUL
YHODQWL ULFKLHGH FRPH SUHFRQGL]LRQH OR VYLOXSSR GL XQDWWHQ]LRQH LQWHULRUL]]DWD
FKH q GHO WXWWR GLYHUVD GDOODWWHQ]LRQH RUGLQDULD SHU JUDGR GL FRQFHQWUD]LRQH
RULHQWDPHQWRGHOODGLUH]LRQHHTXDOLWjGHOORVVHUYD]LRQH
1HOOLQVHJQDPHQWR PHGLWDWLYR YHGDQWLFR OD JORULD GHOOD PHGLWD]LRQH QRQ JLDFH
QHOODULFHUFDGLHIIHWWLRGLHVSHULHQ]HFODPRURVHPDQHOODFRQWLQXDHVSHULHQ]DGL
XQDWWHQ]LRQH DVVRUWD H FRQFHQWUDWD FKH q LQFOXVLYD GL RJQL RJJHWWR FKH DSSDUH
QHO FDPSR GL RVVHUYD]LRQH ,O PHGLWDQWH DWWHQWR UHVLVWH DO WHQWDWLYR GL VIXJJLUH OH
FRVH VSLDFHYROL H GL DWWDFFDUVL D TXHOOH SLDFHYROL H RVVHUYD FRQ HTXDQLPLWj WXWWR
FLzFKHDSSDUHDFFHWWDQGRHUHQGHQGRRJJHWWRGLRVVHUYD]LRQHDQFKHOHUHD]LRQLH
OHUHVLVWHQ]HSURGRWWHGDOULFRQRVFLPHQWRGLDVSHWWLVSLDFHYROL GL VH VWHVVL H GHOOD
UHDOWj
1HOOLVWUX]LRQH RIIHUWD DOO,VWLWXWR GL 0HGLWD]LRQH GHOO$VVRFLD]LRQH ,WDOLDQD GL
3VLFRORJLD

7UDQVSHUVRQDOH

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

OD

SUDWLFD

q

GLVWLQWD

LQ

IDVL

GL

SURJUHVVLYR

DSSURIRQGLPHQWR HG DVVRFLDWD D GRWWULQH H SUDWLFKH GL DXWRWUDVIRUPD]LRQH

LQWHULRUH
QHOOD SULPD IDVH VL LQVHJQD D ULYROJHUH ODWWHQ]LRQH DJOL RJJHWWL VHPSOLFL

GHOOD SHUFH]LRQH LQWHULRUH RYYHUR DL FRQWHQXWL PHQWDOL FRVu FRPH IOXLVFRQR QHO
FDPSRGHOOD FRVFLHQ]D
LQWHUDJLVFRQRQHOFDPSR

VHQVD]LRQL

HPR]LRQL

H

SHQVLHUL

FKH

IOXWWXDQR

GHOODFRVFLHQ]D

,Q TXHVWD IDVH LO PHGLWDQWH KD ORSSRUWXQLWj GL FRPSUHQGHUH OD UHOD]LRQH
WUD

VHQVD]LRQL HPR]LRQL H SHQVLHUL HG LO UXROR GHO SHQVLHUR QHJDWLYR QHO

FRVWUXLUH

HPR]LRQLGRORURVHLQROWUHGLYHQWDSRLFRQVDSHYROHGHOOHUHVLVWHQ]H

DOORVVHUYD]LRQHFKHHYLGHQ]LDQRLPHFFDQLVPLGLIHQVLYLGHOOLR
OQ XQD VHFRQGD IDVH LO PHGLWDQWH q LVWUXLWR D SDVVDUH GDOORVVHUYD]LRQH

GHJOLRJJHWWL VHPSOLFL VHQVD]LRQL HPR]LRQL H SHQVLHUL DOORVVHUYD]LRQH GHO

VRJJHWWR

RVVHUYDWRUH ,Q TXHVWD IDVH LO IRFXV GHOODWWHQ]LRQH q DUUHWUDWR H

FRQFHQWUDWRVXFROXL

FKH VSHULPHQWD LO IOXVVR PHQWDOH QRQ SL VXO IOXVVR

PHQWDOHLQVp,OYHGHQWHVL

GLVWLQJXHFRVuGDOYLVWRFRPHXQRVSHWWDWRUHGD

XQRVSHWWDFRORHSXzULFRQRVFHUVL

QHO

VXR

HVVHUH

DPRUHYROH

R

RVWLOH

LQGLIIHUHQWHRSUHPXURVRDWWHQWRRGLVWUDWWR

(PHUJH FRVu OD QDWXUD GHOOH

DXWRUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQLHVXESHUVRQDOLWjFKHFRPH

SHUVRQDJJL

GLYLGRQRLOFDPSRGHOODPHQWHHFRVWUXLVFRQRXQDIROWDWUDPDGL

LQWHULRUL
SURFHVVL

PHQWDOL
,Q XQD WHU]D IDVH ORVVHUYD]LRQH VL FRQFHQWUD VXOOD UHOD]LRQH WUD

ORVVHUYDWRUHH

ORVVHUYDWR SHU LO PHGLWDQWH SURJUHGLWR VL DSUH TXL XQD

PLQLHUDGLVFRSHUWHSVLFRGLQDPLFKH H GL ULYHOD]LRQL GL FRVWUXWWL SVLFRORJLFL FKH

QRQVRQRDFFHVVLELOLDOOD

FRQVDSHYROH]]D

DXWRIRUPD]LRQHGHOODVRIIHUHQ]DQHO

RUGLQDULD

WUD

FXL

LO

SURFHVVR

GL

TXLHGRUD

2VVHUYDQGR FRQ DWWHQ]LRQH FLz FKH OHJD ORVVHUYDWRUH DOORVVHUYDWR HPHUJH

FRPH ODWWLWXGLQH GHOORVVHUYDWRUH FRVWUXLVFD FRQ LO VXR HVVHUH XQD UHOD]LRQH FKH
PRGLILFD OR VWDWR PHQWDOH H SURGXFH HPR]LRQL FRUULVSRQGHQWL ,Q DOWUH SDUROH
ODWWHJJLDPHQWR GL FROXL FKH SHUFHSLVFH QRQ VROR FRQGL]LRQD OD YLVLRQH GL FLz FKH
q SHUFHSLWR PD VRYUDVWUXWWXUD XQR VWDWR SRVLWLYR R QHJDWLYR GHO VHQWLPHQWR H
GHOOHSXOVLRQL
4XHVWDFDSDFLWjGL DXWRSURGX]LRQH GL VRIIHUHQ]D R EHQHVVHUH DWWUDYHUVR LO WLSR
GL SHQVLHUR H GL DWWHJJLDPHQWR FKH DEELDPR YHUVR QRL VWHVVL q VWDWR
VRWWRYDOXWDWR SHU QRQ GLUH LJQRUDWR GDOOD SVLFRORJLD RFFLGHQWDOH FRVu FRPH q
WUDVFXUDWR LO SRWHUH GHOOD SHUVRQD GL WUDVIRUPDUH LO SURSULR VWDWR LQWHUQR D
FRQGL]LRQH FKH VDSSLD HVVHUH SUHVHQWH DG HVVR QHO PRPHQWR LQ FXL VL SURSRQH

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

/DWWLWXGLQH LQWURVSHWWLYD GHL PRGHOOL SVLFRORJLFL FKH VL ULYROJRQR DO SDVVDWR
WURYHUHEEH XQ JUDQ JLRYDPHQWR QHOORSSRUWXQLWj RIIHUWD GDOOH SUDWLFKH PHGLWDWLYH
H

GL

FRQVDSHYROH]]D

FHQWUDWH

VXO

SUHVHQWH

ODWWLWXGLQH

PHGLWDWLYD

GHOODXWRVVHUYD]LRQH DSUH SHUWDQWR XQR VSDFFDWR GL JUDQGH ULOHYDQ]D SHU OR

VYLOXSSR GHOOD SVLFRWHUDSLD $G HVHPSLR RVVHUYDQGR ORVVHUYDWRUH q SRVVLELOH
ULFRQRVFHUH OD QDWXUD GL XQD VWUXWWXUD FKH KD XQ UXROR IRQGDPHQWDOH QHOOD
SHUFH]LRQH VRJJHWWLYD H QHOOR VWDWR PHQWDOH FKH q OD VWUXWWXUD GHO VXSHULR
3DVVDUH GDOOD SHUFH]LRQH RUGLQDULD FKH q JHQHUDOPHQWH ILOWUDWD H GLVWRUWD GDOOH
LVWDQ]H H GHOOH VWUXWWXUH GHO VXSHULR DOOD SHUFH]LRQH GHOOH GLVWRUVLRQL GHO VXSHU
LR VLJQLILFD VFRSULUH PRWLYD]LRQL LQFRQVFLH FKH LQGXFRQR VRIIHUHQ]D PHQWDOH H
DVSHWWLGHOFDUDWWHUHSURGXWWRULGLVRIIHUHQ]DFRPHODYRORQWjGLSRWHQ]DORUJRJOLR
HODYLGLWj5LFRQRVFHUHLOVXSHULRQHOVXRDJLUHQHOTXLHGRUDVLJQLILFDSHQHWUDUH
QHOOH GLQDPLFKH GHL FRQIOLWWL PHQWDOL H QHOOD FRVWUX]LRQH GHOOH HPR]LRQL GRORURVH
GLSDXUDULVHQWLPHQWRLQVLFXUH]]DUDEELDHFF

$FFDQWR DO YDORUH GHOODXWRVVHUYD]LRQH LQ FDPSR FOLQLFR  SVLFRWHUDSHXWLFR VL

DJJLXQJH XQR VSHFLILFR YDORUH LQ VHGH HYROXWLYD SRLFKp OD SUDWLFD FRQVHQWH
OLQWHJUD]LRQHGLSRWHQ]LDOLWjGHOODSVLFKHFKHYDUFDQRORVWDGLRHJRLFRGLVYLOXSSR
6HFRQGR OD SURVSHWWLYD WUDQVSHUVRQDOH OR VYLOXSSR YD GD XQ DPELWR SUHHJRLFR
SUHORJLFR SUHSHUVRQDOH DG XQR HJRLFR ORJLFR SHUVRQDOH DG XQR WUDQVHJRLFR
WUDQVORJLFR WUDQVSHUVRQDOH &RPH GLFH .HQ :LOEHU OR VYLOXSSR DYYLHQH
DWWUDYHUVR XQ SURFHVVR GL LQWHJUD]LRQH FKH ULFKLHGH OD GLVuGHQWLILFD]LRQH GDO
OLYHOOR LQIHULRUH H OLGHQWLILFD]LRQH FRQ TXHOOR VXSHULRUH FKH LQFOXGH H WUDVFHQGH
OLQIHULRUH ,Q DOWUH SDUROH SHU UHDOL]]DUH OR VWDWR WUDQVSHUVRQDOH GL FRVFLHQ]D
RFFRUUHGLVLGHQWLILFDUVLGDOOLYHOORSHUVRQDOHHSHUFLzGDOOHVWUXWWXUHHJRLFKH
&RPH DQFRUD ULOHYD LO OHDGHU WHRULFR GHOOD 3VLFRORJLD 7UDQVSHUVRQDOH



DVVXPHQGR OD SRVL]LRQH GL RVVHUYD]LRQH GHOORVVHUYDWRUH OD VWUXWWXUD VRJJHWWLYD

LQFRPLQFLD D GLYHQWDUH RJJHWWLYD HG DOORUD FL VL FRPLQFLD D GLVLGHQWLILFDUH GDO
OLYHOOR GL LGHQWLWj HJRLFD 4XDQGR OD VWUXWWXUD VRJJHWWLYD YLHQH ULFRQRVFLXWD QHOOD
VXD RJJHWWLYLWj VRQR ULFRQRVFLXWL H GHFRVWUXLWL VLD L PHFFDQLVPL GLIHQVLYL FKH L
IDWWRUL FKH FRVWUXLVFRQR LO VHQVR GHOOLR H ILVVDQR LO VXR VWDGLR GL VYLOXSSR
GHVWUXWWXUDWL L FRQILQL GHOOLR VL SRVVRQR LQWHJUDUH OH GLPHQVLRQL GHOOLQFRQVFLR
/HVSHULHQ]DGHOOLQWHJUD]LRQHGHJOLDVSHWWLLQFRQVFLGHOODSVLFKHFKHSRUWDDGXQ
JUDGR SL HYROXWR GL FRVFLHQ]D H GL LGHQWLWj VL ULIHULVFH VLD DOOLQFRQVFLR
ULPXRYHQWHFRVWLWXLWRGDLPHFFDQLVPLGLIHQVLYLGHOOLRVLDDOOLQFRQVFLRULPRVVR

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

FRVWLWXLWR GDO PDJD]]LQR GHOOH HVSHULHQ]H ULILXWDWH GDOOLR VLD D TXHOOLQFRQVFLR

VXSHULRUHRWUDQVSHUVRQDOHFKHqODVHGHGHOOHSRWHQ]LDOLWjFUHDWLYHHVSLULWXDOL
9D GD Vp OD FRPSUHQVLRQH FKH LO SURFHVVR PHGLWDWLYR GHOODXWRVVHUYD]LRQH LQ
TXDQWR GHVWUXWWXUDQWH H ULVWUXWWXUDQWH OR VWDWR PHQWDOH WURYD RVWDFROL LQ
SHUVRQDOLWjSVLFRSDWRORJLFKHHSHUTXHVWHQRQVRORSXzGLYHQLUHLPSRVVLELOH PD
DQFKH SHULFRORVR 3HUWDQWR OLQVHJQDPHQWR GHOOH SUDWLFKH GL DXWRVVHUYD]LRQH VL
JLRYD GL XQ LVWUXWWRUH FKH DVVRFLD DG XQDPSLD HVSHULHQ]D PHGLWDWLYD DQFKH
XQDPSLDHVSHULHQ]DSVLFRWHUDSLFDGLWLSRGLDJQRVWLFRHFOLQLFR

/DFRVFLHQ]DVHQ]DFRQWHQXWLHOHVSHULHQ]DVSLULWXDOH

6LQ TXL VL q DFFHQQDWR DG XQR VSHWWUR HVSHULHQ]LDOH FKH VL ULIHULVFH D
FRQRVFHQ]HSVLFRGLQDPLFKHHGDYDOHQ]HHYROXWLYHqTXHVWDFHUWDPHQWHODUHDGL
PDJJLRUH LQWHUHVVH SHU OR SVLFRORJR WUDQVSHUVRQDOH FKH q XQR VWXGLRVR GHL
SURFHVVLPHQWDOLVDQLHSDWRORJLFL
7XWWDYLDSHULOPHGLWDQWHYHGDQWLQRFKHqLQGLUL]]DWRDOODFRQRVFHQ]D GHO 6p H
DOOD OLEHUD]LRQH GDOOD VRIIHUHQ]D SURGRWWD GDOOLJQRUDQ]D TXHVWH HVSHULHQ]H QRQ
VRQROHSLVLJQLILFDWLYHHFHUWDPHQWHQRQVRQRGLJUDQGHLPSRUWDQ]D&LzFKHLO
PHGLWDQWHYXROHUHDOL]]DUHqLOGLVWDFFRGHO5HDOHGDOOLUUHDOHGHO6pGDOQRQVpH
SHUFLzORVFROODPHQWRLQWHJUDOHGHOODFRVFLHQ]DGDOODGHWHUPLQD]LRQHGHLFRQWHQXWL
PHQWDOL 4XHVWR RELHWWLYR q PHGLDWR GD XQD FRQGL]LRQH LQ FXL OD &RVFLHQ]D q
IRQGDWD VXOOD VXD SURSULD HVVHQ]D VHQ]D ULFDGHUH QHOOLGHQWLILFD]LRQH PHQWDOH
4XDQGR OD FRVFLHQ]D VL q VXIILFLHQWHPHQWH DOOHQDWD DG RVVHUYDUH L FRQWHQXWL
PHQWDOLHDVFUXWLQDUHLOSURFHVVRSHUFHWWLYRVLSXzUHDOL]]DUHXQRVWDWRPGLWDWLYR
SL SURIRQGR LQ FXL RUPDL GLVWLQWD GDOOD PHQWH OD FRVFLHQ]D q LQ JUDGR GL
ULSRVDUH LQ VH VWHVVD VHQ]D HVVHUH FRLQYROWD QHO IOXVVR PHQWDOH 6L UHDOL]]D DOORUD
TXHOOR VWDWR GL VHUHQD H LQGLVWXUEDWD FHQWUDOLWj VHQ]D GHILQLWL FRQILQL FKH SXz
GHOLQHDUVL FRPH XQD SRVL]LRQH VLQWHWLFD H LQWHJUDWLYD OLEHUDWD VLD GDOOD
VFRPSRVWH]]D GRORURVD GHL FRQWHQXWL PHQWDOL VLD GDOOD SULJLRQLD FKH HVVL
GHWHUPLQDQRHSHUFLzLQJUDGRGLSRWHURSHUDUHVXGLHVVL
.HQ:LOEHUGHVFULYHTXHVWRVWDWRGLSXUDSUHVHQ]DLQDWWDFFDWDGDOIOXLUHGHOOD
PHQWHFRQSDUROHSRHWLFKHQHOVXROLEUR/RFFKLRGHOOR6SLULWR
1XEL IOXWWXDQR QHO FLHOR SHQVLHUL IOXWWXDQR QHOOD PHQWH H TXDQGR OL RVVHUYL QH
VHL VSRQWDQHDPHQWH FRQVDSHYROHYL q XQD VHPSOLFH VSRQWDQHD WHVWLPRQLDQ]D GL
TXDOVLDVLFRVDVXFFHGD

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

10

1RL VLDPR FRQVDSHYROL FKH L SHQVLHUL IOXWWXDQR QHOOD PHQWH QRL VLDPR
FRQVDSHYROLGHOGRORUHGHOOLQTXLHWXGLQHGHOODSDXUD
/HFRVHFKHYHGLDPRYDQQRHYHQJRQRVRQRIHOLFLRWULVWLSLDFHYROLRSHQRVHPD
LOYHGHQWHQRQqQHVVXQDGLTXHVWHFRVHHQRQYDHQRQYLHQH
,OYHUR9HGHQWHQRQqQHVVXQDFRVDFKHSRVVDHVVHUHYLVWD
)RUPH IOXWWXDQR QHOOD QDWXUD SHQVLHUL IOXWWXDQR QHOOD PHQWH VHQWLPHQWL
IOXWWXDQRQHOFRUSRPDLO9HGHQWHQRQqQHVVXQDGLTXHVWH
1RQqXQRJJHWWRPDLOSXURWHVWLPRQHGLWXWWLJOLRJJHWWLqFRVFLHQ]DLQTXDQWR
WDOH
$SSHQD VL ULPDQH UDGLFDWL QHO VRJJHWWR WHVWLPRQH H VL VPHWWH GL LGHQWLILFDUVL FRQ
JOL RJJHWWL VL FRPLQFHUj D SHUFHSLUH XQ VHQVR DPSLR GL OLEHUWj TXHVWD OLEHUWj
QRQqTXDOFRVDFKHVLSHUFHSLVFHqXQTXDOFRVDFKHVLq
7HVWLPRQH H VSHWWDWRUH GHOOR VSHWWDFROR GHOOD PHQWH OD FRVFLHQ]D VL ULVYHJOLD DOOD
VXDLQWULQVHFDOLEHUWj
$G XQ OLYHOOR GL PDJJLRUH UDFFRJOLPHQWR LQWHULRUH H GL SL SURIRQGR
DVVRUELPHQWR VL SXz UHDOL]]DUH TXHO VLOHQ]LR LQWHULRUH LQ FXL ORVVHUYDWRUH VL
WURYDLQFRQWDWWRFRQXQYXRWRSUHJQRGLLQILQLWHSRVVLELOLWjQHOODSDFHGHOGLYLQR
DVVRUELPHQWR 6HFRQGR OD WUDGL]LRQH 9HGDQWD q LQ TXHVWR VWDWR YLJLODQWH GHO
SHQVLHUR FKH SXz PDWXUDUVL OR VYLOXSSR GHOOD EXGGKL RYYHUR OLQWXL]LRQH
VXSHUFRVFLHQWH FKH q LQWHVVXWD GL DPRUH XQLYHUVDOH H Gj DFFHVVR DOOD YLVLRQH
VSLULWXDOH 4XHVWD IDFROWj FRQRVFLWLYD WUDQVORJLFD H WUDQVHJRLFD FRUULVSRQGH D
FLz FKH OD WUDGL]LRQH <RJD FKLDPD WHU]R RFFKLR DMQD FDNUD H OD WUDGL]LRQH
&ULVWLDQD RFFKLR GHOODQLPD $WWUDYHUVR OLQWXL]LRQH VXSHUFRVFLHQWH FKH q
QDWXUDOPHQWH XQR VWDWR GL FRVFLHQ]D WUDQVSHUVRQDOH VL VYHOD OLQWHUUHOD]LRQH WUD
OLQGLYLGXDOHHOXQLYHUVDOHOXPDQRHLO6DFURHVRQRLQWXLWHOHULVSRVWHDOVHQVRH
DOFRPSLWRGHOODYLWD
(GDVRWWROLQHDUHFKHORVWDWRGHOVLOHQ]LRPHQWDOHHLOFRUULVSRQGHQWHULVYHJOLR
GHOOD YLVLRQH VSLULWXDOH q LO ULVXOWDWR QRQ VROR GL XQD WHFQLFD GL DXWRVVHUYD]LRQH
PD GL XQ SURFHVVR PHGLWDWLYR FKH DVVRFLD DOOD SUDWLFD VXGGHWWD UHJROH HWLFKH
DSSOLFDWH DOOD YLWD OR VWXGLR UHDOL]]DWLYR GHL WHVWL VDFUL H XQ LWLQHUDULR GL
SURJUHVVLYDSXULILFD]LRQHGHOSHQVLHURGHOVHQWLPHQWRHGHOFRPSRUWDPHQWR
,Q DOWUH SDUROH OLQWHJUD]LRQH GHOOLQWXL]LRQH VXSHUFRVFLHQWH FKH SRUWD OD
FRVFLHQ]DDOFRVSHWWRGHO6DFURULFKLHGHFKHDFFDQWRDOOD GLVuGHQWLILFD]LRQH GHOOD
FRVFLHQ]D GDL FRQWHQXWL PHQWDOL PHGLDWR GDOOD SUDWLFD GL DXWRVVHUYD]LRQH VL
VYLOXSSLXQLWLQHUDULRGLWUDVIRUPD]LRQHGHOOHHQHUJLHGHOFRUSRHGHOODPHQWHFKH

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

11

SRUWDDOODWUDVFHQGHQ]DGDLELVRJQLGHVLGHULHDWWLYLWjHJRFHQWULFKHVLQRDOOD]LRQH
GRQDWDDOODYLWDVHQ]DDWWDFFDPHQWRSHUVRQDOH
,O SHUFRUVR PHGLWDWLYR FKH PDWXUD OD FRVLGGHWWD WUDVFHQGHQ]D GDOOLR
FRUULVSRQGH DOOD SODWRQLFD PHWjQRLD FKH ULYROX]LRQD LO PRGR GL SDUODUH GL
SHQVDUH H GL DJLUH GHOOD SHUVRQD HG DSSURGD DOOD GLVVROX]LRQH GL RJQL DVSHWWR
VHSDUDWLYRHGDOODUPRQLRVDXQLWjFRQODYLWD1HOOLEHUDQWHFDPPLQRPHGLWDWLYRVL
UHDOL]]DQR VWDWL GL VHPSUH PDJJLRUH EHQHVVHUH SRLFKp L IDWWRUL GL VRIIHUHQ]D H GL
LOOXVLRQHYHQJRQRWUDVIRUPDWLHVXSHUDWLLQXQDSURJUHVVLYDWUDQTXLOOLWjLQWHULRUH
$WWUDYHUVR

XQ

SURFHVVR

GL

DOFKHPLFD

GLVVROX]LRQH

GHOOHJRLVPR

GHOOLQFRQVDSHYROH]]D VL UHDOL]]DQR OH TXDOLWj GHOOD PHQWH SDFLILFDWD FKH Gj

DFFHVVRDOVDPDGKLLOVROHGHOO,OOXPLQD]LRQH
&RPH GLFH 6DQNDUD  TXDQGR VL YHGH WXWWR VHQ]D ILOWUL VL VFRSUH FKH LO 6p q
SUHVHQWH LQ WXWWL JOL HVVHUL H FKH VROR SHU HUURUH DSSDUH ORQWDQR TXDQGR TXHVWR
HUURUH q GLVVLSDWR GDOOD FRQRVFHQ]D YHUD LO 6p YLHQH ULFRQRVFLXWR FRPH HVVHUH

OLRW TXDQGR

VWDWR VHPSUH SUHVHQWH FRPH XQD FROODQD FKH VL FUHGHYD GL DYHU SHUGXWR H VL
ULWURYD DO SURSULR FROOR 4XDOFRVD GL PROWR VLPLOH LQWHQGHYD 76

RVVHUYDYD FKH QRL QRQ FHVVHUHPR GL FHUFDUH H OD ILQH GHOOD QRVWUD HVSORUD]LRQH
VDUjSHUYHQLUHDOOXRJRGDGRYHVLDPRSDUWLWLHVFRSULUORSHUODSULPDYROWD

3HU FRQFOXGHUH TXHVWR VFULWWR YRUUHL VRWWROLQHDUH FKH OR VIRU]R GL LQYHVWLJDUH L
SRVVLELOL OLYHOOL GL FRVFLHQ]D ROWUH OLR H OD QRUPDOLWj DWWUDYHUVR XQ DSSURFFLR FKH
LQWHJUD SVLFRORJLD H WUDGL]LRQH PHGLWDWLYD q VWDWR FKLDPDWR GD .HQ :LOEHU
O+XPDQ&RQVFLRXVQHVV3URMHFW4XHVWRSURJHWWRFKHRUPDLUDFFRJOLHFHQWLQDLD
GL ULFHUFDWRUL QHO PRQGR KD XQ SURIRQGR VLJQLILFDWR SHU XQD FRPSUHQVLRQH SL
DPSLD GHJOL VWDWL PHQWDOL H GHOOH SRVVLELOL SVLFRSDWRORJLH SHU VFRSULUH QXRYH
VWUDWHJLH GL JXDULJLRQH H VRSUDWWXWWR SHU SURPXRYHUH XQ PRGHOOR GHGXFD]LRQH
LQWHJUDOH DOOR VYLOXSSR GHOOH SRWHQ]LDOLWj XPDQH H GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D FDSDFH GL
FUHDUHDUPRQLDVDJJH]]DHFRPSDVVLRQH
/RELHWWLYR GHOO+XPDQ &RQVFLRXVQHVV 3URMHFW YD QHOOD VWHVVD GLUH]LRQH GL
TXHOOR FKH 5:DOVK FKLDPD OD 3VLFRORJLD GHOOD VRSUDYYLYHQ]D XPDQD HG
HFRORJLFD XQD SVLFRORJLD FHQWUDWD VXL ELVRJQL GHOOXPDQLWj SLXWWRVWR FKH VX
TXHOOLHJRFHQWULFLFKHLQFOXGHODPRUHSHULOJHQHUHXPDQRHODUHYHUHQ]DYHUVROD
YLWD 4XHVWD QXRYD SVLFRORJLD GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D VL LQGLUL]]D DOOD VROX]LRQH GHL
SUREOHPL JOREDOL FRPH VRWWROLQHD OR VWXGLRVR DPHULFDQR OH PDJJLRUL FULVL GHO
SLDQHWDQRQGHULYDQRGDFDWDVWURILQDWXUDOLPDGDOOHVFHOWHXPDQHFKHGHQRWDQR
XQD SDWRORJLD GHOOD QRUPDOLWj UDGLFDWD QHOOLPPDWXULWj GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D VHSDUDWD

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

12

GDOOH VXH UDGLFL VSLULWXDOL 3L FKH JOL VWUXPHQWL WHFQRORJLFL VDUj XQHYROX]LRQH
GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D VX VFDOD FROOHWWLYD FKH SXz DIIURQWDUH OH DWWXDOL FULVL GHO PRQGR
7DOH HYROX]LRQH ULFKLHGH OD FRQRVFHQ]D H OLQVHJQDPHQWR GHOOH SRVVLELOLWj GHOOD
FRVFLHQ]DHGHOOHPRGDOLWjSHUPRGLILFDUODYHUVRTXHOORVWDWRGL,OOXPLQD]LRQHFKH
qDVVRFLDWRDGRWWLPDOHVDOXWHDEHQHVVHUHLQWHULRUHDSDFHHGDERQWj
3HU TXHOOL GL QRL FKH GHGLFDQR OD YLWD D TXHVWD ULFHUFD OHVLVWHQ]D q XQ
FRQWLQXR LWLQHUDULR GL D]LRQL JLRLRVH H VLJQLILFDQWL LQ FXL OD VROLWXGLQH H OD QRLD
HVLVWHQ]LDOH VFRPSDLRQR QHO SURIRQGR VHQWLPHQWR GL SDUWHFLSD]LRQH DG XQ
SURJHWWR FKH GLPHQWLFD OHJRLVPR SHUVRQDOH H FHUFD ODFFRUGR FRQ OD YRORQWj
XQLYHUVDOH
&KH OD SVLFRORJLD WUDQVSHUVRQDOH HG L VXRL IHGHOL ULFHUFDWRUL  SRVVDQR HVVHUH
DLXWDWL QHOORELHWWLYR GL VYLOXSSDUH XQ QXRYR VHQVR GHOOD FRVFLHQ]D FKH QRQ VROR
HVSDQGDLOVDSHUHVFLHQWLILFRPDUHVWLWXLVFDDJOLHVVHULXPDQLODGLJQLWjGLYLYHUH
QHOODEEUDFFLR FRQ OXQLWj GHOOD YLWD VHQ]D RGLR H VHQ]D SDXUD QHOOD VDFUD
FRQVDSHYROH]]DFKHQHOODUHDOWjVXSUHPDQRQFqGLVVROX]LRQH
1

R.Walsh, The art of transcendence in Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1993, vol.25, n.1.
L. Boggio Gilot, Forma e Sviluppo della Coscienza, Asram Vidya, Roma 1987.
3
Cinque Upanisad, introduzione, traduzione e commento di Raphael, Edizioni Asram Vidya, Roma 1974.
4
Abhinavagupta, Paramarthasara La Realt Suprema, Edizioni Asram Vidya, Roma 1987 (s.14).
5
Sankara, Vivekacudamani Il Gran Gioiello della Discriminazione, traduzione e commento di Raphael, Edizioni
Asram Vidya, Roma 1976 (s.225).
6
Bhagavad
Gita , traduzione e commento di Raphael, Edizioni Asram Vidya Roma 1981 (cap.III s.3,).
7
Mandukya
Upanisad, traduzione e commento di Raphael, Edizioni Asram Vidya, Roma, 1976 (III3).
8
Mundaka
Upanisad,
(III-1-12).
9
Sankara, Aparoksanubhuti, traduzione e commento di Raphael, Asram Vidya 1975.
10
Raphael, Il Sentiero della non dualit, Asram Vidya, Roma 1988.
11
Psicologia e Religione , Edizione Boringhieri, Torino 1967 (p.590).
C.G.Jung,
12
M.L.Von
Franz,
Il processo di individuazione ne lUomo e i suoi Simboli, Longanesi, Milano 1967(p.145).
13
Vivekacudamani
Sankara,
cit. (s.19).
14
L.
Boggio
Gilot,
Il
S
transpersonale,
Asram Vidya, Roma 1992.
15
Crescere
oltre
lio,
L.Boggio
Gilot,
Cittadella
Editrice Assisi 1997.
16
Ken Wilber, J.Engler, D.P.Brown,Trasformazioni della coscienza, Ubaldini Editore, Roma 1986.
17
Ken Wilber, The Eye of Spirit ,Edizioni Shambhala, Boston and London,1997 (p. 244).
18
Ken Wilber, The Eye of Spirit, cit. (da p.286 ...).
19
Sankara, Opere Minori, Edizioni Asram Vidya, Roma 1990 (Vol.I).
2

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998

1RWHELRJUDILFKH

/DXUD %RJJLR *LORW UHVLGHQWH D 5RPD q SVLFRORJR FOLQLFR H SVLFRWHUDSHXWD

LVWUXWWRUHGLPHGLWD]LRQH$GYDLWD9HGDQWD+DWHQXWRFRUVLHVHPLQDULLQ(XURSD
86$ H &RORPELD HG q DXWULFH GL DUWLFROL H OLEUL OXOWLPR GHL TXDOL q &UHVFHUH
ROWUH OLR 3ULQFLSL H 0HWRGL GL 3VLFRORJLD 7UDQVSHUVRQDOH &LWWDGHOOD (GLWULFH
$VVLVL
( SUHVLGHQWH H IRQGDWRUH GHOO$VVRFLD]LRQH ,WDOLDQD GL 3VLFRORJLD 7UDQVSHUVRQDOH
$,37 &RIRQGDWRUH HG H[ SUHVLGHQWH GHOO(XURSHDQ 7UDQVSHUVRQDO $VVRFLDWLRQ
(8527$6
&RIRQGDWRUH H FRRUGLQDWRUH GHOO(XURSHDQ 7UDQVSHUVRQDO 3V\FKRORJ\ $VVRFLDWLRQ
(73$

/$VVRFLD]LRQH

,WDOLDQD

GL

3VLFRORJLD

7UDQVSHUVRQDOH

q

SDUWLFRODUPHQWH

GHGLFDWD DOOR VYLOXSSR GL XQD 3VLFRORJLD 6SLULWXDOH FKH LQWHJUL OD SVLFRORJLD
VFLHQWLILFDDOODWUDGL]LRQHPHGLWDWLYD
7XWWHOHDWWLYLWjDVVRFLDWLYHFRUVLFRQJUHVVLJLRUQDWHGLVWXGLRHSXEEOLFD]LRQL
VRQR RUJDQL]]DWH GD XQ JUXSSR GHO 6HUYL]LR FKH VHJXH OH GLVFLSOLQH PHGLWDWLYH H
RSHUDVHQ]DFRPSHQVRVHFRQGRLSULQFLSLGHOOD]LRQHVHQ]DDWWDFFDPHQWR
1HOOD VHGH URPDQD VL WHQJRQR DQFKH FRUVL GL IRUPD]LRQH SURIHVVLRQDOH
*XDULJLRQH H 6SLULWXDOLWj SULQFLSL PHWRGRORJLD H WHFQLFKH WUDQVSHUVRQDOL SHU
SVLFRWHUDSHXWL SVLFRORJL H RSHUDWRUL QHOOH SURIHVVLRQL GL DLXWR , SURJUDPPL
ULHQWUDQR QHL SDUDPHWUL ULFKLHVWL GDOOD (XURSHDQ $VVRFLDWLRQ IRU 3V\FKRWKHUDS\
($3GLFXLO$,37qPHPEURRUGLQDULR

File: PraOs21s.doc - 1998