Photosynthesis

&
Cellular Respiration
What to know
autotroph
heterotroph
ATP
ADP
Parts of a plant
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
Photosynthesis
reactant
products

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

______Autotrophs___________ make their own food!
______heterotrophs___________ cannot make their own food.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Temporarily stores _______energy_______ for the cell.
Contains adenine, ribose and three phosphates groups (TRI-)
Removing the third phosphate releases energy for cells to do work,
creating __ADP___ (Adenosine Diphosphate)

The Releasing of Energy from ATP

______adding_____ a phosphate group to ADP stores energy in ATP.
_____removing______ a phosphate group from ATP releases energy and
forms ADP.

ATP ADP Cycle

When does a cell use ATP?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Movement
_______photosynthesis_________
Protein Synthesis
______cellular respiration___________
Other Cellular Reactions

Photosynthesis Occurs in the Chloroplast of the Leaf

Chloroplast
Absorbs ______sunlight_____ and ______carbondioxide______
makes ____energy______ and ______sugar_______
Contain chlorophyll

Inside the Chloroplast

Other Parts of a Leaf
_______cuticle________ Waxy layers (prevents water loss)
________guard cell_______ Photosynthetic bean-shaped cell that opens
and closes the stomata.
______stomatas_________ Pore between the guard cell that allows for
gas
exchange

Light and Pigments

__________clorolphyl__________ green pigment found in chloroplast
Plants absorb ____blue____ and ____red____ wavelengths best
Reflect back green light
Accessory pigments orange and red

Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis

Amount of available water
Temperature
Amount of available light energy

Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O -------------> C6H12O2 + O2

Carbon Dioxide
The _________stamatas________ are tiny openings that allow airflow to
move in and out
Water
Vascular plants carry water from roots up the _____stem_____ to leaves
Sunlight
______Chlorophyl_________ absorbs individual photons from sun

Photosynthesis: the process that uses the suns

energy to make simple sugars.
Two reactions
1. __________energy building_______ reaction
Uses SUNLIGHT
Makes energy (ATP)
1. _______sugar building__________ reaction
Uses ATP from first reaction
Uses CO2
Makes sugars (C6H12O6)
Glucose, cellulose, starch

Light-Dependent Reaction
Energy Building reaction
Occurs inside of the ________thylatiod_________.
Uses sunlight and water
Makes ________atp___________
Releases oxygen as a by-product

Light-Independent Reaction
Sugar Building reaction
Occurs in the ________stomata__________.

Also known as the Calvin Cycle

Builds ________sugars____________
Uses Carbon Dioxide
Uses the ATP from _____________air_________________
Cycles ADP back to make more ATP

So what does a plant need?

Brings in
CO2
H2O
light
Lets out
O2
Moves
Sugars

What to know..
Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Mitochondria
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chair
Cytoplasm
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation

Cellular Respiration
The ________breaking down____________ of food to produce ATP
Occurs in all cells / in all living things

In the presences of oxygen, cellular respiration produces a total of _____86

ATP______ molecules per glucose.

Mitochondria
Two Types of Cellular Respiration
____________Anerobic resperation________________ Respiration
without oxygen
Occurs in the cytoplasm
__________aerobic resporation__________________ Respiration with
oxygen
Occurs in the mitochondria

Three Stages in Cellular Respiration

1. Glycolysis
which breaks down glucose into something called pyruvate and some ATP.
This process is _________anerobic_____________.
2. Krebs Cycle/__________Citric acid cylce_________
which takes the pyruvate and makes more excited electrons.
3. Electron Transport Chain
which is similar to the one that takes place in the chloroplast during
photosynthesis, which takes excited electrons and makes
____________________.

Glycolysis
st

1 stage of cellular respiration

________anerobic_____________
Takes place in the ________cytoplasm___________
Uses 2 ATP
Produces 4 ATP
Net Gain of ________2________

Krebs Cycle
2nd step in cellular respiration

Aka the Citric Acid Cycle

_______aerobic____________
Occurs in the mitochondria
Produces ______2 ATP__________

Electron Transport Chair

3rd stage in cellular respiration
Takes place in the _________________________________
Produces ________32 ATP_____________

Total Product of Cellular Respiration

1. Glycolysis
______2________
2. Krebs Cycle _______2______
3. Electron Transport Chain ________32________
Total ATP _________________

What if oxygen is missing?

Cannot complete _______aerobic________ respiration
Occurs in the cytoplasm
__________alcholic fermentation________________
Makes beer, wine and bread
_________fermentation_________________
Makes yogurt
Muscle fatigue

Alcohol Fermentation
_________________
Occurs in yeast cells
Produces ________, carbon dioxide and alcohol
Carbon dioxide causes bread to rise

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Anaerobic respiration
Occurs in ______yeast________
Produces ______ATP_________ and lactic acid
Causes muscle soreness
When muscles are overly exerted the ______ is depleted in cells.
_______lactic acid______ build up in animal cells causing muscle fatigue
and soreness.

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O -------------> C6H12O2 + 6O2

Carbon dioxide + Water

Sugar + Oxygen

Cellular Respiration

C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------------->6CO2 + 6H2O

Sugar + Oxygen

Carbon dioxide + Water