Keywords:, cell membrane ,Chloroplast, Vacuole, Cell wall, Nucleus, Ribosome, mitochondria

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Yeast Cell

Cell
wall

Bacterial
Cell

No nucleus

Oils and fats

Protein

COPS
Uses of glucose

Sperm cell
Plant Nutrients

( as well as
respiration)

Egg cell

Nitrates from the soil- contain

nitrogen to make proteins
Algae

Starch

Cellulose
Plant

Plants and algae do photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + Water

organs

Glucose + Oxygen

Light and chlorophyll are

also needed

What
adaptations do
these cells
have for their
jobs?

Root hair cell

Red blood cell

Used in lungs O2 diffuses into the

blood and CO2 diffuses into lungs

3 Limiting factors -light

-temperature
-CO2
At first as CO2
increases so does photosynthesis
but only up to a certain point
Here light or temperature is the
limiting factor.

PLANT TISSUES
Waxy epidermal layer is
waterproof

Palisade layer-cells contain

lots of chloroplasts to
capture light- most
photosynthesis

Nerve cell

White blood cell

Stomata on lower surface

to allow gases in/out
Mesophyll middle bit of
the leaf where
photosynthesis happens

Limiting factor, chlorophyll, epidermal, mesophyll, palisade, specialised cell, nitrates, cellulose, starch, diffusion, glucose, algae

1)

2)

3)

Uses of Enzymes
-Biological washing powders
-In baby foods

Enzymes biological catalysts

that speed up reactions
e.g. respiration in the
mitochondria

-In slimming foods- fructose is

made using isomerases.
Fructose is sweeter than
glucose so less is needed.

Reactions in the cytoplasm

A cell nucleus
contains 46 (23 pairs)
of Chromosomes,
which carry genes.
Different versions of
genes are called
alleles.

Polydactyly:
An inherited
disorder where
the person has
more than the
usual number of
toes

1) Enzyme and substrate

Inheritance- Parents who are both carriers of

the Cystic fibrosis allele (c).

2)Substrate binds to active site

Parents

Cc

Cc

3) Substrate is broken down

Gametes

C or c

C or c

(egg/sperm)

Possible Outcomes

75% Normal

CC

Cc

Cc

cc

Meiosis
used to make
the sex cells
(gametes)
-the
chromosomes
are copied
-cell divides
twice to give
four cells

25% sufferers

Enzymes and digestion

Large molecules are broken down so they
can be absorbed.
-Amylase breaks down starch into sugars in
the mouth and small intestine.
-Proteases breakdown proteins into amino
acids in the stomach and small intestine.
-Lipases breakdown fats into fatty acids and
glycerol in the small intestine.
Starch

Cystic Fibrosis
Caused by recessive allele (so
two copies of allele are
needed).
A thick sticky mucus is
produced affecting air
passages and digestive
systems

Mitosis-used for
normal cell
growth
1) Parent cell
2) Chromosomes make
identical copies
of themselves
3)They line up along
the centre
4) They move apart
5)Two daughter cells
form each with
46 chromosomes,
ie identical to
the parent cell

- The cells
have half the
usual number
of
chromosomes

glucose

Mendels peas
46=chromosomes in normal cell
23=chromosomes in sex cells

Fossils: Evidence of past species, some of which are now extinct, or have evolved through
natural selection into different species (speciation)

Distribution
of
organismssample with
quadrats
randomly or
on a transect

Meiosis, mitosis, gene, chromosome, stem cells, genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, monohybrid, polydactyly