Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abstract
Unlike their use in conventional crown and bridge,
provisional restorations during implant therapy have
been underutilized. Provisional restorations should
be used to evaluate aesthetic, phonetic and occlusal
function prior to delivery of the final implant
restorations, while preserving and/or enhancing the
condition of the peri-implant and gingival tissues.
Provisional restorations are useful as a
communication tool between members of the
treatment team which, in most cases, consists of the
restorative clinician, implant surgeons, laboratory
technicians, and the patient. This article describes
and
discusses
the
various
options
for
provisionalization in implant dentistry. Clinicians
should be aware of the different types of provisional
restorations and the indications for their use when
planning implant retained restorations.
Key words: Provisional restorations, dental implant,
custom impression.
(Accepted for publication 27 April 2007.)
INTRODUCTION
Implant supported restorations for partially and fully
edentulous patients are a well-accepted and predictable
treatment modality. Success rate of implant retained
prostheses for complete and partial edentulism has
been shown to be over 90 per cent.1-3 With the increase
in treatment acceptance for dental implants, both
patients and clinicians have greater expectations
towards implant therapy. Patients facing loss of their
teeth may experience apprehension towards losing their
social image or daily function. Hence, patients often
expect to have their implants loaded with some type of
fixed prosthesis similar to their natural dentition much
earlier. Clinicians also expect their restorations to be
functional, aesthetic, and in harmony with the
surrounding hard and soft tissues. Today, implant
integration is given with the greater knowledge of the
biological basis for treatment and improvements
primarily associated with implant morphology.
Traditionally, for conventional loading protocols, the
implants are left unloaded for 3 to 6 months to allow
the osseointegration process to take place.1 During this
*Private Specialist Prosthodontist, formerly ITI Scholar, Centre for
Implant Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
234
Prosthesis type
Removable
a
b
e
f
Fig 3a. Pre-operative radiograph. The patient had generalized refractory periodontitis, especially in the maxillary arch.
Fig 3b. Pre-operative facial view. One of the patients chief complaint was the anterior crowding and the vertical drifting of maxillary
anterior teeth.
Fig 3c. Diagnostic wax up of the planned restoration illustrating anticipated contours of the final restoration. The alignment of anterior
teeth was altered to provide straighter, more aesthetically pleasing teeth. The incisal lengths of maxillary incisors were reduced, decreasing
the horizontal and vertical relationship of the anterior teeth.
Fig 3d. Facial view of prepared teeth immediately after extraction. Strategic teeth were maintained to retain the provisional prosthesis.
The implant sites were previously selected and the non-strategic teeth were removed according to the diagnostic wax up.
Fig 3e. Provisional acrylic restoration prior to insertion. The provisional restoration is relined with compatible self cure resin to fit over
the prepared abutment teeth.
Fig 3f. Fixed provisional restorations cemented on strategic natural abutments. The molars have been retained temporarily to maintain the
vertical dimension of occlusion.
Post-implant placement
Implant retained provisional restorations
Provisional restorations may be used at the time of
implant placement or after an appropriate healing
period. The term immediate restoration is used when
a prosthesis is fixed to the implants within 48 hours
without achieving full occlusal contact with the
opposing dentition, whereas immediate loading is
when the prosthesis is fixed to the implants in occlusion
within 48 hours.17
There are several benefits to members of the
treatment team and patient in using an immediate
provisionalization technique. Immediate provisionalization offers the patient improved comfort and
function during the implant healing period compared
with a conventional denture.4 There are also fewer
denture adjustments postoperatively with no need for
tissue conditioning or relining.
The decision to immediately restore or load dental
implants is usually made during the treatment planning
phase. The treatment can only be confirmed clinically
at the time of implant placement with appropriate
assessment of implant stability, bone quality, and
general site health. In a recent consensus review,18 four
implants in an edentulous mandible, rigidly splinted
with a fixed restoration on a framework (acrylic and/or
metal) or hybrid prosthesis, can provide patients with a
reasonable degree of confidence for evidence-based
treatment. Primary stability of these implants is crucial
in the decision for immediate provisionalization.9,19 The
implants need to be well distributed across the
mandibular arch to provide cross-arch stabilization.
The final implant positions are based on the proposed
restoration through the use of templates/surgical guide.
In immediate loading of edentulous mandible, the
patients existing denture can be converted into screw
retained provisional fixed hybrid prosthesis. The
technique involves the placement of temporary
cylinders onto the implants and the modification of
patients existing mandibular denture. These cylinders
are luted to the rest of the denture using self cure resin.
The denture is then converted into an immediate load,
screw retained provisional hybrid fixed prosthesis with
minimal cantilever and occlusal contacts (Figs 5a5c).
A lingual wire may be used within the acrylic
framework to provide reinforcement. The provisional
hybrid restoration will need to remain during the
recommended period of implant healing to allow the
implants to fully osseointegrate.17
This technique may also be used in early or delayed
loading implant protocols. The provisional hybrid
restoration may have multifunctional uses. It can be
used as a verification jig (Fig 5d) to determine the
passivity and accuracy of the master impression,
providing all the implants are relatively placed parallel
237
a
b
c
d
Fig 5a. Patients existing complete mandibular denture was modified
to accommodate temporary cylinders on the implants. A duplicate
of the denture was used as radiographic and surgical guide for the
planning and surgical phase of the treatment. The three dimensional
positions of the implants were determined from the diagnostic wax
up and clinical and radiographic examination.
Fig 5b. Try in of the mandibular denture over the temporary
cylinders.
Fig 5c. Self cure resin was used to attach the denture and the
temporary cylinders. The denture flange was then trimmed and the
fitting surface was adjusted to allow proper hygiene.
Fig 5d. The provisional hybrid was used as verification jig over the
master cast. The soft tissue moulage was removed to verify the fit of
the provisional on the subgingival implant restorative margins.
Fig 5e. The same provisional hybrid was articulated with a bite
registration material, against the previously articulated study cast.
b
a
Fig 6a. A cement on, prefabricated abutment was torqued to the recommended value, six weeks post-placement. The abutment was
chosen to allow adequate space for crown construction within the available interocclusal space.
Fig 6b. A denture tooth with appropriate shade and shape was selected to fit the edentulous space. The acrylic tooth was then hollowed
out to fit over a practice implant analog and abutment extra-orally.
Fig 6c. The denture tooth was relined intra-orally using self cured acrylic resin to capture the indexing component of the abutment.
Fig 6d. The relined denture tooth was fitted over the practice implant extra-orally. Note on the deficiency from the implant margin to the
acrylic tooth due to tissue impingement.
Fig 6e. The deficiency was filled in and the excess material trimmed to the appropriate emergence profile.
Fig 6f. The provisional crown was cemented with provisional cement.
Fig 9. Moulded soft tissue from screw retained, 3 unit fixed acrylic
provisional bridge. Peri-implant tissue was shaped with screw
retained provisional restoration for 4 weeks prior. The pontic shape
was moulded using additional resin during the healing period.
Australian Dental Journal 2007;52:3.
b
Fig 10a. Resultant emergence profile shaped by the provisional
restoration in Fig 8, after approximately 4 weeks of
provisionalization. The mature peri-implant tissue has an oblong
shape compared to the circular implant restorative collar.
Fig 10b. A custom impression coping with screw on impression
coping replicated from the provisional restoration was placed over
the implant prior to final impression.
d
Fig 11a. Screw retained, 3 unit fixed acrylic provisional bridge
constructed to replace the modified removable partial denture from
Fig 1. The provisional restoration had a monochromatic shade
similar to the pre-existing denture teeth.
Fig 11b. Colour modifiers for tooth shading characterizations. The
modifiers can be mixed together and incorporated into the
provisional acrylic/composite resin crown to mask discolouration
and/or create surface characterizations.
Fig 11c. Aesthetic provisional restoration with customized shade
characterization.
Fig 11d. Laboratory shade prescription for the final ceramic
restoration, incorporating the custom shade characterization.
241
24. Higginbottom F, Belser U, Jones JD, Keith SE. Prosthetic management of implants in the esthetic zone. Int J Oral Maxillofac
Implants 2004;19 Suppl:62-72.
25. Sadan A, Blatz MB, Salinas TJ, Block MS. Single-implant restorations: a contemporary approach for achieving a predictable
outcome. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62 Suppl:73-81.
26. Biggs WF. Placement of a custom implant provisional restoration
at the second-stage surgery for improved gingival management: a
clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 1996;75:231-233.
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