European Middle Ages

500 - 1200

AIM:
Many Germanic

kingdoms
that

succeeded
the Roman

Empire
were reunited

under
Charlemagnes

empire

Germanic
Kingdoms
Unite Under
Charlemagne

Invasion Triggers
Change

We see a severe change in Europe there are three major reasons the distrusting of trade and the Mongols cut o the trade routes
weather they be land or sea routes in general they are going to end and the trade that occurred along them ended as well and this
will need to be redefined. As the barbarian lords are coming in ot he empire u see a lot of the people hearing the stories of what the
barbarians and they will pick up entire cities and they will abandoned the city and move ot rural city's to be protected. We will then
start to see countries and kingdoms will form. What people are left into the cities there a re no leadership because even the nobles
have left to protect themselves in these areas we will see small community's develop and small cities based upon the feudal system

Repeated barbarian
invasions disrupted
Western Europe:
Disruption of trade
________________
money issues
develop
Downfall of cities
_________________
cities abandoned
Population shifts
_________________
People fled the
cities leaving no
strong leadership

Invasion Triggers
Change

As the tribes go to Europe they unfortunately do not have the culture or capacity that the Romans had no writing and language along with this
there is a lack of development of math and science and language will be a hughe factor the language of the west Roman was Latin and the
German tribes come in and they speak some type of native tongue as they settle in specific territories that the native tongue of the Germanic. Tribe
and the lasting will blend and we will see the Germans and Latin trying to communicate with each other this is were we see the 5 Romance
languages coming out of Latin we see the Germanic tribes moving into Portugal and Italy and France and new languages start to develop due ot
bending

The Germanic invaders could

not read & write, and the

knowledge of Greek &

Roman culture almost

disappeared

Its all
Greek
to me.

There was a language

breakdown as well

Germanic Kingdoms
Emerge

There was a change in life in this society this brings the western civ that we know today how do we go
from barb to the west we see today and it all started with one Germanic tribe and we will see Europe
begin to unite this is known as the Frank's in the terroritiyr known as gual which is present day France

Family ties & personal

loyalty, rather that
citizenship to a public state,
bound Germanic society
together
They were governed by
unwritten rules & traditions
Germanic warriors did show
loyalty to their chief who
they proudly fought for

Germanic Kingdoms
Emerge

Most popular among the Byzantine the church and all of the pole of the western Roman Empire they were popular because they
converted to Christianity and they were the most westernized of the Germanic their best they were willing to change their way of life
to become more like the people of the western Roman Empire everyone was ok throwing their support behind this tribe. The Frank's
begin to untie in not one kingdom from Gaul and this idea of Clovis and the frank as converteing ot Christ that will play and important
role in thier power and the people's power over the next couple hundred years this is were we see a weaving of th Frank's and
chrisitnsity, Christ is the major religion as a whole at this time as barbs begging to invade the people move to rural areas

Gaul
__________________
Frank's
Led by the _______
Clovis
__________________
_
Converted to
Christianity
This allowed him to
unite the Franks
into one kingdom

Germanic Peoples Adopt

Christianity

Monastic life will being to come about they are about prayer and work are the two major things of monastic life they will
begin got pop up in rural regions in Europe and monks are the members of the monasteries u have to give up all of ur
possessions and convert ot the tribe which is the specific order

Benedict will help to form the guideline for monetary and most tic life at this time this is based o of prayer and work
they pray easily in the morning and late at night they are self sucient they are expected to do a certain amount f
manual labor weather it is taking care of the livestock and this I comely self made, the last part of monastic life that Ben
will help to create is a scribe which are people who is well versed in the written languages it is thier job ot take weather
dictate what someone is talking to you about or to translate or transcribe from one book to another they will take all of
the written work of Ancient Rome and Greece and take it from new works and it is because of the Ben monks are able to
survive and other ill be able to learn and out the past

Monasteries
To adapt to rural conditions the Church built ______________

Monks
The ___________
will
give up their
possessions to
convert the tribes
Benedict
__________
will write a rule that
will be the guide for religious

communities in the West

Germanic Peoples Adopt

Christianity

First pope of Churhc was Peter the role of the pope and the title of the pope as the Churhc becomes more wealthy it
becomes their job to revise money for armies and raise money to help build roads and help the poor they will start to move
out of the realm of just religious matters with this they will need ot negotiatie treaties

Pope Gregory 1
________________
will
broaden the authority
of the pope into
Secular
___________
power
Church money was
used to raise armies,
repair roads, & help
the poor
Negotiated treaties as
well

A European Empire Evolves

Through Clovis we see a new dynasty know as Merovingians
dynasty they will be a bunch if leaders sho lead the frank
kingdoms know as the mayor of the palace known as the major
domo that is the leader of the Frank's at this time

Clovis had laid the foundations

for the Frankish kingdom

By 700, the mayor of the palace

was technically in charge

Charles Martel the hammer

719 __________________,

_______________________, will

extend the Franks kingdom

Muslims

He will also defeat the _________

in Spain at the
Battle of tours

____________________________

making him a Christian

hero What will help to established here is christendome which translates to Heavenly kingdom were the kingdom at this time will be

related to. What we will see now mayor of palace is not always related to the Merovingian

A European Empire Evolves

Pepin the short

_________________________
Formed an alliance with
the pope
Pepin fought the
Lombards & in return the
pope appointed Pepin
_____________________
Will leave the kingdom to
his sons
______________________
King by the grace of God

Carolingians dynasty

Pep is a major domo he is intertwined with the Chrisitin

faith and pep will form an land nice with the pope and
wants to get rid of the Merovingians and forms and alla
nice with the pope an is givin the title King by the grace of
God by the pop and he will establish the Carolingian
dynasty

Charlemagne Takes
Center Stage

____________________
(Charles the Great)
Built an empire
greater than any
known since Ancient
Rome
Known for spreading
Christianity

Charlemagne Takes Center Stage

In the year _______ ,
Charlemagne is
crowned emperor by
__________________
The pope had claimed
the political right to
confer the title
________________
on a European king

Charlemagne Takes Center Stage

Charlemagne limited the

authority of the nobles
He sent out royal agents to
check on his territories
He visited his kingdom
frequently
Learning was an important
part of his empire, ex ~
schools for priests, monks
copying manuscripts

Charlemagne Takes Center

Stage

Charlemagne dies in
814 leaving his
kingdom to his son
___________________
(ineffective ruler)
Louis three sons,
___________________
___________________
___________________
will eventually divide
the kingdom after
much fighting

Feudalism in
Europe

AIM: Europeans
developed feudalism, a
political and military
system of protective
alliances and
relationships

New Invasions Trouble

Western Europe
Vikings
______________
Scandinavia
From ___________________
& were
the most feared
Fierce warriors but traders as well,
going far beyond Western Europe
As the Vikings began to accept
Christianity & the climate changed
in Scandinavia, the Viking threat
was lessened

New Invasions Trouble Western

Europe

Magyars are from Eastern Europe they were problematic for the development of the west life full of
constant warfare the central rulers couldn't help it will be the local rulers who step up and help the
people what will be established is the idea of protection

Magyars
Invasions from the ________
&
Muslims
the __________will
also create
problems
The Vikings, Magyars & Muslims
made most western Europeans to
live in constant fear
Local rulers who could fight the
invaders will get the most
support

A vessel is a person who will receive a piece a land and a lord is someone who grants the land that
becomes known as a thief in return the vessel has to give something ot the lord if u are someone
who would be once a lord ur self u would pledge ur loyalty tot the land. People can have multiple
titles in this case the focus are lords and vassals.

Feudalism Structures Society

Eventually, the system of

governing & landowning called
Feudalism
________________
emerged
The feudal system was based
on mutual obligations:
In exchange for military
Lord
protection a _______
,
Fief
granted land called a ______
The person receiving the
fief was called a __________
Vassal
Feudal Society worked as a
triangle

Feudalism Structures
Society

The live of a serf is sad the have to produce for the ,and and they barely got paid but the money they got paid
because they would be forced to pay the mill owner to make their bread they had to pay a chrhuhc tax and land
to the king

Knights
Under the Kings & vassals, the ____________
pledged their
loyalty to fight for the vassal in exchange for a fief
The Peasants would be at the base of the pyramid working in
the fields
Duke
would
then be a
lord give
land to
knocks
and surfs

Feudalism Structures
Society
Knight would marry a upper class woman like the knight would be very respected at this
time there were arranged marriages serfs were tied to this land they had nothing and their
children would have nothing these pimple live in a manner

Status determined a persons

prestige

Those who fought, those who

prayed & those who worked

Most of the peasants were

serfs:

___________________________
___________________________
___________________________

People who could not leave the place where they were born

Manors : The Economic

Side

Lord controls the manor the lord would give them land to work and land ot live in exchange the serf would have to maintain the
estate and keep up the crops the lord would live in the castle and the village is around it and the lord owns everything 150 200
people per manor it is a nice sized village that the people would be living in wh t

Manor
The _____________
was the
lords estate
The lord provided the serfs with
housing, strips of land &
protection
In return, the serfs tended the
lords land, cared for the
animals & maintained the estate
15 to 30 families lived in the
village on a manor & was selfsufficient

Manors : The
Economic Side
Peasants had to pay
taxes to the Lords as well
Tithe or Church tax
a _____________________
The tithe was usually
1/10 of their income

The Age of Chivalry

AIM: The code of
chivalry for knights
glorified combat and
romantic love

The Knights will become very important in their fighting tactics they become so important they develop thier own moral
code of conduct known as shivery

Warriors on Horseback
Eventually, mounted knights
became the most important part
of an army
Western Europe will become a
battleground for warring nobles
vying for power. Knights became
vital to this system

Based upon a demand of knight in the response to three

masters the feudal lord loyalty top the person who is housing u
chivalry the idea is being a gentleman

Knighthood &
Chivalry

Chivalry
____________
~ Code
that demanded that a
knight fight bravely in
defense of 3 masters &
were brave, loyal &
courteous
Feudal lord

1. ________________
Heavenly lord

2. ________________

Chosen lady
3. ________________

Knighthood & Chivalry

It is shame to be striped of ur knight hood and basically just wander about if u go
against him e idea of chivalry the kids would leave their home at 8 they would learn
to become a page and then a knight they would practice what they learned they
would Learn the code of chivalry the tournaments would consist of jousting

Boys trained for knighthood

at an early age
Some knights would fight in
mock battles called
Tournament
_______________________
Actual battles were far more
gruesome & violent

Literature of Chivalry
One part of the Middle Ages that goes away form the idea of the dark ages one example u will see is in the song of
Roland and King Arthur these are poems and stories of great men of this time period what this does this deal with
feudal society deals with the relationships between lord and vassal they would be profudceed and preformed by
groups of musicians known at troubadours who would sing these stories accompanied by their instruments based on
feudal society u see a lot of this dealing with chivalry

Feudal Lords & ladies

listened to epic poems
about
King Arthur and the song of Roland
_______________________
_______________________
Troubadour
_______________________
were the poet-musicians at
the castles of Europe
Mostly songs about love

The Shifting Role of

Women

The life of woman is being forced to remain in the home take care of the home and children on example if a change that we will see
as Christianity is more popular they allow woman to become part of the convent and become a nun this is on change this peasants
Nobel woman did I have greater options than that of the lower classes they had the opposite to inherit stages send knights in to
battle and participate in attacks they take of the manor they have a lot of de ions making power when their husbands are not in the
manor there was no voting at the time because they lived in a society of kings and queens

Womens role remained

unchanged during the
Middle Ages (home or
convent)
Noblewomen did have
some rights:
EX ~ inherit an
estate, send knights
into battle,
participated in
attacks

The Church
Wields Power
AIM: Church leaders
and political leaders
competed for power
and authority

What we will see here is as the Churhc becomes more power full we see a power struggle between the religious
leaders and the power of the governmental leaders throughout Europe there will be completion between the two
early on in he through that

religion seems to be not only a religious but a social matter religion will have a a lot of sway will a lot of unocial
social law at the time as well religion will have another trick up their sleeves another way in which to get abo

The Scope of Church Authority

Pope gelasius 1
____________________________
Pope should bow to the
emperor in political matters
Emperor should bow to the
pope in religious matters
However, the Church will be a
stable force in the peoples lives.
It will become the religious &
social center

The Scope of Church Authority

U are not being killed or thrown in jail u were kicked out of the church and there
was public shame will Excommunication u will not be able to find a wife or job and
ur fam will be publicly shamed as well the is a huge problem for anyone and if u
were threaten with excommunication u did what were the pope of bishop told u to
say interdict states that bishop or pope goes up against the king u couldn't have a
Christian marriage or baptism or any reliogus gathering of any what matter. If the
king goes up against him church and try ot contradict the king this is embracing
forth te king if this is slapped on them they are shamed

All Christians were subject to

Canon law
__________________
Excommunication
_____________________________
banishment from the Church
Interdict
_____________________________
Sacraments & religious
services could not be
performed in the kings land

If people can't go to mass they will leave and go someplace else to live two
useful threats that the clergy were able t Ouse to get a lot done

Church & Holy Roman

Empire

We will see governmentally centralization of parts of Europe the Holy Roman Empire which it will become
known will be started by Otto 1 he will help get rid of invaders people will begin to fear the Germans that Otto
the first represented

Otto 1
_________________
gained support of the
clergy to put down the
nobility
crowned emperor by the
pope for defeating
invaders
people began to fear the
growing German
influence

Holy Roman Emperor Clashes

with the Pope
Church officials were upset at the
kings interference especially
Pope Gregory VII
____________________________
Lay investiture
who banned ____________________
Henry iv
____________________
the German
emperor fired back at the pope & was
Excommunicated
then ___________________________
This problem was settled with the
Concordat or worms In 1122
_______________________________
The king doesn't have a right to make appointments

Holy Roman Empire