Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PRESENTED BY
AMIERUL HAFREEZ BIN NOOR HASNAN
2013625094
ED2606B
PRESENTED BY
MUHAMMAD RAFIUDDIN RAHIMI BIN
MAZLAN
2013234118
ED2606B
PRESENTED FOR
ENCIK MOHAMAD HISYAM BIN ISMAIL
CONTENTS
Definition
Laboratories and Instruments
Personal Protective Equipment
Science Process Skills
Advantages and Disadvantages
DEFINITION
EXPERIMENT
AID
Materials provide students with the means of collecting data through interaction
with typical laboratory materials, data simulation tools or a decision making
environment, as well a series of questions that lead to discovery-based learning.
The instructor's role is to act as facilitator, asking leading questions and drawing
attention to interesting results. A well-designed experiment targets common
student misconceptions, focusing on major ideas that students will need to
understand correctly in order to support deep learning.
Classroom experiments do this as part of a class to help students learn more about
the material they are studying.
In this case the hypothesis to be tested will generally be derived from material
contained in a textbook or other course materials.
TYPE OF LABORATORY
In the Handbook of Facilities Planning (1990), Lindner distinguishes among
Chemistry Laboratories
Biosciences Laboratories
INSTRUCTIONS
RULES IN LABORATORY
General Guidelines
Clothing
Accidents and Injuries
Handling Chemicals
Handling Glassware and Equipment
Heating Substances
RULES IN LABORATORY
GENERAL GUIDELINES
Never work alone in the laboratory. No student may work in the science
classroom without the presence of the teacher
RULES IN LABORATORY
GENERAL GUIDELINES
When first entering a science room, do not touch any equipment, chemicals, or
other materials in the laboratory area until you are instructed to do so.
Perform only those experiments authorized by your teacher. Carefully follow all
instructions, both written and oral. Unauthorized experiments are not allowed.
Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory. Do not use
laboratory glassware as containers for food or beverages.
RULES IN LABORATORY
CLOTHING
Any time chemicals, heat, or glassware are used, students will wear safety goggles. NO
Dress properly during a laboratory activity. Long hair, dangling jewelry, and loose or
baggy clothing are a hazard in the laboratory. Long hair must be tied back, and dangling
jewelry and baggy clothing must be secured. Shoes must completely cover the foot. No
sandals allowed on lab days.
RULES IN LABORATORY
Report any accident (spill, breakage, etc.) or injury (cut, burn, etc.) to the teacher
immediately, no matter how trivial it seems. Do not panic.
If you or your lab partner is hurt, immediately (and loudly) yell out the teacher's name to
get the teacher's attention. Do not panic.
If a chemical should splash in your eye(s) or on your skin, immediately flush with
running water for at least 20 minutes. Immediately (and loudly) yell out the teacher's
RULES IN LABORATORY
Never handle broken glass with your bare hands. Use a brush and dustpan to clean up
broken glass. Place broken glass in the designated glass disposal container.
Examine glassware before each use. Never use chipped, cracked, or dirty glassware.
If you do not understand how to use a piece of equipment, ASK THE TEACHER FOR
HELP!
Do not immerse hot glassware in cold water. The glassware may shatter.
RULES IN LABORATORY
HEATING SUBSTANCES
Do not operate a hot plate by yourself. Take care that hair, clothing, and hands are a safe
distance from the hot plate at all times. Use of hot plate is only allowed in the presence of
the teacher.
Heated glassware remain very hot for a long time. They should be set aside in a designated
place to cool, and picked up with caution. Use tongs or heat protective gloves if necessary.
Do not place hot apparatus directly on the laboratory desk. Always use an insulated
pad. Allow plenty of time for hot apparatus to cool before touching it.
RULES IN LABORATORY
HANDLING CHEMICALS
Check the label on all chemical bottles twice before removing any of the contents. Take
only as much chemical as you need.
The most common utensils and appliances that you need while performing hands
on activities in a laboratory.
The laboratory apparatus depends upon the type of laboratory you are in and the
experiment you are going to perform.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Test tube holders, tongs
For holding test tubes, beakers etc.
which should not or can not be
touched.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Test tubes
For holding small samples or for
containing small scale reactions.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Test tube stands
For keeping/standing a few test
tubes
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Droppers
For addition of a very small amount
of liquid, drop by drop.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Burettes
For addition of a precise volume of
a liquid.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Pipettes
To dispense small and precise
amount of liquid samples.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Bunsen burners, hot plates, hot
water baths
As heat source
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks
To contain reactions or to hold
liquid samples.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Watch glasses
As a cover for beakers, or as an
evaporating dish.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Funnels
For funneling or for filtering.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Graduated cylinders
To measure an amount of liquid.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Volumetric flasks
To make precise dilutions.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Wire gauges, Clay triangles
To support a container while
heating.
INSTRUMENTS
AND
APPARATUS
Fume hoods
To ventilate harmful gases.
These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with chemical, radiological,
physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards.
PPE
Eye
protection
Hand
protection
Clothing
Respiratory
Foot
protection protection
Safety Equipment
First Aid
Fire blanket
Eye wash
For minor
injuries
To put out
fire
To wash
eye in the
event
chemical
splash
Safety shower
To rinse the
body in the
event of
chemical spill
Fume hood
Carries away the
vapour from
reagent or
reaction that
conducted
INSTRUCTION
Inferring
Measuring
Classifyin
g
Predicting
Communicating
Observing
using the senses to gather information
about an object or event.
Measuring
using both standard and nonstandard
measures or estimates to describe the
dimensions of an object or event.
Inferring
making an "educated guess" about an
object or event based on previously
gathered data or information.
Classifying
grouping or ordering objects or events into
categories based on properties or criteria.
Predicting
stating the outcome of a future event
based on a pattern of evidence.
Communicating
using words or graphic symbols to
describe an action, object or event.
Defining
operationally
Interpreting
data
Formulating
hypotheses
Experimenting
Controlling variables
being able to identify variables that
can affect an experimental outcome
Defining operationally
stating how to measure a variable in an
experiment.
Formulating hypotheses
stating the expected outcome of an
experiment.
Interpreting data
organizing data and drawing
conclusions from it.
Experimenting
carrying out an experiment
by carefully following
directions of the procedure
so the results can be verified
ADVANTAGES
Help the student to demonstrate their knowledge and practice their laboratory
skills
DISADVANTAGE
Costly to have the necessary equipment along with adequate technical support
It may not be feasible for the school to offer one set of equipment to each of the
students
INSTRUCTIONS
Put the lighter refill tank inside the container and release the gas
(WARNING: MAKE SURE THERE IS FIRE EXTINGUISHER NEAR YOU TO MAKE THIS TRICK)
CONCLUSION