regents cells and human body

Name:
1.

Date:

In the diagram below, which structure performs a

function similar to a function of the human lungs?

3.

Molecules B, C, and D are similar in that they are

usually
A.

composed of genetic information

B.

involved in the synthesis of antibiotics

C.

composed of amino acids

D. involved in the di usion of oxygen into the

cell
4.

A.
2.

B.

C.

The diagram below represents a cell.

D. 4

Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)

on the diagram below, which represents a sequence
of events in a biological process that occurs within
human cells and on your knowledge of biology.

Which statement concerning ATP and activity

within the cell is correct?
A.

The absorption of ATP occurs at structure A.

Molecule A contains the

B.

The synthesis of ATP occurs within

structure B.

A.

starch necessary for ribosome synthesis in the

cytoplasm

C.

ATP is produced most e ciently by

structure C.

B.

organic substance that is broken down into

molecules B, C, and D

C.

proteins that form the ribosome in the

cytoplasm

D. The template for ATP is found in structure D.

D. directions for the synthesis of molecules B,

C, and D

page 1

5.

The diagram below represents a cell found in

some complex organisms. The enlarged section
represents an organelle, labeled X, found in this
cell.

7.

Base your answer to the following question on the

diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
In a cell, a variety of structures perform
speci c functions and interact to maintain
homeostasis. The diagram below represents a
typical cell with three cell structures labeled
1, 2, and 3.

Describe the function of organelle X and explain

how it is important to the survival of the cell. In
your answer, be sure to:
identify organelle X
state the process that this organelle
performs

Select one cell structure labeled in the diagram

and write its number in the space below. Explain
how the cell structure you selected helps maintain
homeostasis in a cell. In your answer, be sure to:

identify the two raw materials that are

needed for this process to occur
identify one molecule produced by this
organelle and explain why it is important
to the organism
6.

identify the cell structure you selected

state one function of this cell structure
identify one substance that is often
associated and state how that substance is
associated with the cell structure

Base your answer to the following question on

the information below and on your knowledge of
biology.

identify one other cell structure and

explain how it interacts with the cell
structure you selected to maintain
homeostasis in the cell

Many people have a sensitivity to

peanuts. The symptoms can include watery,
itchy eyes and di culty breathing. This
allergic reaction can be mild, severe, or fatal.

Cell structure number:

Discuss why an individual can have a sensitivity

to peanuts. In your answer, be sure to:

8.

identify the human system that is

responsible for this sensitivity to peanuts
identify the speci c type of molecule that
triggers an allergic reaction
state one reason why a person could be
allergic to peanuts, but not be allergic to
walnuts
describe how this reaction is similar to the
rejection of a transplanted organ

A substance is most likely to di use into a cell

when
A.

it is a large organic food molecule such as

protein or starch

B.

it is enclosed in an organelle such as a

vacuole

C.

the concentration of the substance is greater

outside the cell than inside

D. the pH of the substance is greater than the

pH of the cell
9.

page 2

State one advantage of using a stain to study frog

skin cells with a microscope.

regents cells and human body

10.

Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)

on the diagrams below of two cells, X and Y, and
on your knowledge of biology.

12.

Identify one process that is carried out in cell Y

that is not carried out in cell X.
11.

Data from two di erent cells are shown in the

graphs below.

The diagram below represents a change in guard

cells that open and close pores in a plant. Th.is
change directly helps to

A.

increase heterotrophic nutrition

B.

absorb minerals

C.

regulate water loss

D. reduce seed production

13.

The diagram below represents levels of organization

in living things.

Which term would best represent X?

Which cell is most likely a plant cell? Support

your answer.

page 3

A.

human

B.

tissue

C.

stomach

D. organelle

regents cells and human body

14.

Which sequence represents the correct order of

organization in complex organisms?
A.

tissues ! organs ! systems ! cells

B.

organs ! tissues ! systems ! cells

C.

systems ! organs ! cells ! tissues

16.

The skeletal system of an animal is shown in the

photograph below.

D. cells ! tissues ! organs ! systems

15.

A single cell and a multicellular organism are

represented below.

List three systems, other than the skeletal system,

the animal had when alive that helped it to
survive. Describe how each of these three systems
contributed to maintaining homeostasis.
(1) System:
(2) System:
(3) System:
17.

Which structures in diagram I and diagram II

carry out a similar life function?

Which structures are correctly paired with their

primary function?
A.

A and Gtransmission of nerve impulses

B.

B and Ephotosynthesis

C.

C and Hdigestion of food

D. D and Fgas exchange

page 4

A.

1 and C

B.

2 and D

C.

3 and A

D. 4 and B

regents cells and human body

18.

The diagram below represents three human body

systems.

20.

Cellular communication is illustrated in the

diagram below.

Which row in the chart below correctly shows

what systems A, B, and C provide for the human
body?
Row

System B

blood cells

glucose

hormones

(2)

oxygen

absorption

gametes

(3)

gas exchange

nutrients

waste removal

(4)

immunity

coordination

carbon dioxide

(1)

B.

(2)

C.

(3)

Information can be sent from

System C

(1)

A.
19.

System A

D. (4)

di usion ! synthesis ! absorption !

digestion ! circulation

B.

circulation ! di usion ! synthesis !

absorption ! digestion

C.

digestion ! absorption ! circulation !

di usion ! synthesis

cell A to cell B because cell B is able to

recognize signal 1

B.

cell A to cell B because cell A is able to

recognize signal 2

C.

cell B to cell A because cell A is able to

recognize signal 1

D. cell B to cell A because cell B is able to

recognize signal 2

Which sequence represents the correct order of

events for the production of necessary complex
molecules after food is taken in by a multicellular
animal?
A.

A.

21.

The diagram below represents cells and hormones

present in the human body.

D. synthesis ! digestion ! absorption !

di usion ! circulation
Which statement correctly describes an interaction
between the hormones and the cells?
A.

Hormone A is synthesized by cell 2 and

targets cell 1.

B.

Hormone B bonds with both cell 1 and cell 2.

C.

Speci c reactions carried out by cell 1 are

regulated by hormone C.

D. The specialized receptor molecules on cell 1

secrete hormone B.
page 5

regents cells and human body

22.

Viruses frequently infect bacteria and insert new

genes into the genetic material of the bacteria.
When these infected bacteria reproduce asexually,
which genes would most likely be passed on?
A.

only the new genes

B.

only the original genes

C.

both the original and the new genes

25.

D. neither the original nor the new genes

23.

Worms that had been invaded by bacteria were

eaten by a species of bird. Many of these birds
died as a result. The most likely explanation for
this is that the
A.

bacteria interfered with normal life functions

of the birds

B.

disease that killed the birds was inherited

C.

gene alterations in the bacterial cells killed

the birds

26.

other viruses on the surface of the cell

B.

mitochondria in the cell

C.

hormones in the cell

Scientists have corrected the damaged genes

that cause typhoid fever and other infectious
diseases.

B.

Public health o cials have placed better

controls on the use of the toxic substances
that cause these diseases.

C.

Typhoid fever, like most other bacterial

diseases, is often caused by a lack of proper
nutrition.

Describe how a u vaccine protects the human

body. In your answer, be sure to:
identify what substance is in a u vaccine that
stimulates immunity
state how the human immune system reacts to
the vaccine
state one reason the u vaccine does not protect
a person from other viral diseases, such as
measles

Many viruses infect only a certain type of cell

because they bind to certain
A.

A.

D. Personal habits, such as hand washing, have

greatly reduced contamination from bacteria.

D. birds produced antigens in response to the

bacteria
24.

Typhoid fever, a disease that causes headaches,

digestive upset, and a high fever, is caused by
the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Typhoid can be
spread from person to person by contaminated
water or food or by a lack of cleanliness. Since
the 19th century, the number of individuals
infected with this disease has decreased. Which
statement best explains why the number of people
with this disease and other bacterial diseases has
decreased over the last 100 years?

D. receptor sites on the surface of the cell

page 6

regents cells and human body

Problem-Attic format version 4.4.266

c 20112015 EducAide Software
_
Licensed for use by joseph smith
Terms of Use at www.problem-attic.com
regents cells and human body

06/01/2016

10.
Answer:

1.
Answer:

2.
Answer:

3.
Answer:

4.
Answer:

5.
Answer:

12.
Answer:

Identify organelle X as a mitochondrion.

13.
Answer:

14.
Answer:

15.
Answer:

Acceptable responses include, but are

not limited to: respiration aerobic
respiration releases energy
sugar/glucose oxygen (O2 )

ATP This molecule makes energy

available for life functions. Water
This molecule is important for chemical
reactions. CO2 This is a waste
product that needs to be removed to
maintain homeostasis.

11.
Answer:

16.
Answer:

7.
Answer:

8.
Answer:
9.
Answer:

immune system; antigen; One type of

antibody only reacts with ( ts) one type
of antigen. Transplanted organs also have
antigens that will stimulate antibodies that
will attack the organ. Transplanted organs
also have antigens that will stimulate
antibodies that will attack the organ.
ribosome; site of protein synthesis; amino
acid - used to make proteins; nucleus the ribosome gets instructions from the
nucleus determining which proteins are
produced by the cell
C
A stain makes some organelles more
visible.
easier to see cell parts.

Cell 1, because it contains chloroplasts.

OR Cell 1, because it has a cell wall.

excretory system: removed wastes from

the body
digestive system: changed parts of
food to molecules that di used across
membranes to cells

Note: Allow credit for answers that are

consistent with the student's response to
the rst part.

6.
Answer:

photosynthesis OR production of cellulose

OR produces chlorophyll OR producing
its own food

respiratory system: exchanged gases

circulatory system: carried food and/or

oxygen to the cells
17.
Answer:

18.
Answer:

19.
Answer:

20.
Answer:

21.
Answer:

22.
Answer:

23.
Answer:

24.
Answer:

25.
Answer:

Teacher's Key
26.
Answer:

dead/weakened pathogen antigens a

small piece of the virus/viral coat

Antibodies are produced against the

virus. increase in number of white
blood cells produces a primary immune
response It builds up immunity.
The antibodies are speci c for the u
virus. The white blood cells that
remain in the body are speci c for the
u virus. The white blood cells
are specialized to attack only the u
virus. The two viruses have di erent
characteristics. Each vaccine results in
immunity to only one disease.

Page 2