BMLMeet404/13/16

10thStudyGuide:SolvingNonlinearSystems
By:RobinHu
Definition:
A
systemofnonlinearequations
isacollectionofequationsinwhichat
leastoneequationisnotlinear.
Thesolutionsetofasystemofequationsisthesetofpointsthatmakeallofthe
equationsinthesystemtrue,orwherethegraphsintersect.
Note:Asystemoftwoseconddegreeequationsinxandycanhavenomorethan4
realsolutions,unlessthesystemisdependent.(Adependentsystemisasystemof
equationsthathasaninfinitenumberofsolutions.)

SolvingaSystemofNonlinearEquations
Asystemofnonlinearequationscanbesolvedusingthesamemethodsusedtosolvea
systemoflinearequations.
1)
Substitution
Example#1
:
Solve y2 = 3x 1 bysubstitution.
x2 + y2 = 9
Solution:
1. Substitute 3x 1 for y2 in x2 + y2 = 9 .
x2 + (3x 1) = 9
x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x 2)(x + 5) = 0
2. Thusthesolutionsfor x are x = 2 and x = 5.
3.Findthecorresponding y values.
For x = 2 :
For x = 5 :
2
y = 3x 1
y2 = 3x 1
y2 = 3(2) 1
y2 = 3( 5) 1
y = 5 (realsolutions)
y = 4i (nonrealsolutions)
Thesolutionsetforthissystemofnonlinearequationsare:
(2, 5), (2, 5), ( 5, 4i), ( 5, 4i) .

Example#2
:
Amilloperatorwantstocutarectangularbeamfromacylindrical
logwhosecircularcrosssectionhasadiameterof10inches.Therectangularcross
sectionofthebeamistohavealengththatistwiceitswidth.Findthedimensionsofthe
rectangularcrosssectionofthebeam.
Solution:
1.
Therectangularbeamisrepresentedbyarectangleinscribedinside
thecircle(circularcrosssectionofthelog).Centerthecircleattheoriginofthe

coordinateplane.Refertodiagramatbottom.Withdiameterof10,theradiusofthecircle
is5.Thustheequationofthiscircleis x2 + y2 = 25. Sincethelengthofthebeamistwice
thewidth,anotherequationinthissystemis y = 2x.
2.
Solvethefollowingsystem: x2 + y2 = 25
y = 2x
3.
Substitute y = 2x into x2 + y2 = 25 .
x2 + (2x)2 = 25

5x2 = 25
x = 5 Thewidthofthelogistwicethisxvalue.
*Note:Thisproblemaskstosolveforthedimensionswhichare
measurements.Thus x = 5 isnotasolutionforthisparticularproblem.
4.
Findthecorresponding y values.
y = 2(25) = 45
Thedimensionsoftherectangularcrosssection:
width 25 inchesand 45 inches.

2)
Elimination
Example#1:
Solve 4x2 + 40y2 = 100 byelimination.
x2 + y2 = 16
Solution:
1.
Multiplybothsidesoftheequation x2 + y2 = 16 byafactorof4.
4x2 + 4y2 = 64
4x2 + 40y2 =100
2.
Subtracttheequationsfromeachother.
36y2 = 36
y = 1
3.
Substituteinytosolveforx.
x2 + (1) = 16
x = 15

Thesolutionsetforthesystem (1, 15), (1, 15), ( 1, 15), ( 1, 15).

Example#2:
Apositivetwodigitnumberisrepresentedby10t+u.Thesumofthe
squaresofthedigitsis26.Ifthenumberisdecreasedbythenumberwithitsdigitsreversed,the
resultis36.Findthetwodigitnumber.
Solution:
1)
t2 + u2 = 26
10t + u (10u + t) = 36
2)
t2 + u2 = 26
9t 9u = 36 t u = 4
t = 4+u
(4 + u)2 + u2 = 26
16 + 2u2 + 8u = 26 2u2 + 8u 10 = 0
u2 + 4u 5 = 0
(u + 5)(u 1) = 0
u = 1, u = 5
3)
u mustequal1 t = 5
Thetwodigitnumberis51.
3)
Graphing:
Thelastmethodforsolvingasystemofnonlinearequationsisgraphing.
However,forBML,calculatorsarenotallowed,andgraphingbyhandcangetextremely
complexandannoying,especiallywithlargerdegreeofexponents.Graphingisnotavery
reliablemethodinthiscase.
*Ifasystemofequationshasnosolution,thesystemiscalledaninconsistentsystem.

ClassifyingaConicSection
(thiswasincludedintheAlgebra2bookchaptersection
forsolvingnonlinearsystems fairgametoappearonBML)
EquationofaconicsectionwhenA,B,andCarenonzero
Ax2 + Bxy + C y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
WhenB=0,theaxesofsymmetryoftheconicsectionareparalleltothe
xaxisoryaxis.(e.g.equationofacircleintheformof Ax2 + C y2 = R2 )
WhenB =/ 0 ,theconicsectionsarerotated.
ClassifyingaConicSection
:Thefollowingcharacteristicsallowyoutoclassifyan
2
equationoftheform Ax + Bxy + C y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 withoutcompletingthe
square!
Ellipse(orCircle) AC > 0
Circle A = C , A =/ 0, C =/ 0
Parabola AC = 0
Hyperbola AC < 0

 Example#1:
Let 4x2 + 8x = y2 + 6y + 13 betheequationofaconicsection.
A.Classifytheconicsectiondefinedbythisequation.
B.Writethestandardequationforthisconicsection.
Solution:
A.
Rewritethegivenequationinthestandardformforaconic.
4x2 y2 + 8x 6y 13 = 0
BecauseAC=1,theequationrepresentsa
hyperbola.
B.Standardformforahyperbola(Review11thGradeStudyGuideonConicsfor
moreInformationaboutdetailsfordifferentconics)
4x2 + 8x y2 6y = 13

2
2
4(x + 2x + 1) (y + 6y + 9) = 13 + 4 9 *CompletingtheSquare
4(x + 1)2 (y + 3)2 = 8
(x+1)2
2

(y+3)
8 =1
Formoreinformationaboutconics(justincaseitshowsup),reviewthe11thgradestudy
guide!!
Agoodresourceforreviewthathasnicegraphs:
http://www.purplemath.com/modules/syseqgen.htm

PracticeProblems!
Solvethefollowingsystemsofnonlinearequations(usingwhatevermethoddesired).
1) x2 + y2 = 1
7) y = log

2 (x + 1)
2
2
4x + y = 1
y = 5 log 2
(x 3)

2) x2 + y2 = 25
8) 3xy + x2 = 34
25y2 + 4x2 = 100
2xy 3x2 = 8

3) x14 + y64 =6
9) y = 2e2x
2y4 + 12x4 = 12x4y4

4) x2 2y = 8
x2 + y2 = 16

5) 3x y = 2
2x2 y = 0

y = ex 1
10) 9y = x + 1
y = log 3 x + (1/2)

6) y + 2 = 32x
y = 3x

*BonusQuestion:Acompanydeterminesthatitstotalmonthlyproductioncost,P,inthousands
ofdollarsisdefinedbytheequation P = 8x + 4 .Thecompanysmonthlyrevenue,R,in
thousandsofdollarsisdefinedby 8R 2x2 = 0. Inbothequations,xisthenumberofunits,in
thousands,ofitsproductmanufacturedandsoldpermonth.Whenthecostofmanufacturingthe
productequalstherevenueobtainedbysellingit,thecompanybreakseven.Howmanyunits
mustthecompanyproduceinordertobreakeven?

Classifytheconicsectiondefinedbyeachequation.(Writethestandardequationoftheconic
sectionifyouwantpracticefor11thgradeBMLtoo)
1) x2 2x + y2 2y 6 = 0
2) 4x2 + 9y2 + 16x 36y = 16
3) 4x2 + 8x 9y2 + 36y 68 = 0
4) 9y2 + 18y + 9 = 24x 4x2
5) y2 2x = 6y 5
6) 18x 4y 109 = y2 x2

SolutionstoPracticeProblems!
1) x2 + y2 = 1

4x2 + y2 = 1

2
y = 1 x2
4x2 + 1 x2 = 1
x = 0 whenx = 0, y = 1

Solutions:(0,1)and(0,1)

2) x2 + y2 = 25
25y2 + 4x2 = 100

4x2 + 4y2 = 100

4x2 + 25y2 = 100
y = 0 wheny=0,x= 5
Solutions:(5,0)and(5,0)

3) x14 + y64 =6
2y4 + 12x4 = 12x4y4

Theequationsareequal>
Infinitenumberofsolutions.
4) x2 2y = 8
x2 + y2 = 16

8 + 2y + y2 = 16
y2 +2y8=0
(y + 4)(y 2) = 0
y = 4, y = 2
x = 0, x = 23
Solutions:(0,4),( 23, 2)

5) 3x y = 2
2x2 y = 0

2x2 = y
3x 2x2 = 2
2x2 3x 2 = 0
(2x + 1)(x 2) =0
x = 2, x = 1/2
y = 8, y = 1/2
Solutions:(2,8)and(,)

6) y + 2 = 32x
y = 3x

x = log 3 y
Substitutexintothefirstequation
Anduselogmanipulation.
(Itshardtotype:/)
Eventually,yougettheformula
y2 y 2 = 0
(y 2)(y + 1) = 0
y = 2
x = log 3
2

7) log
(x+1)=5 log
(x3)
2
2
log 2
(x+1)(x3)=5*Logrules

32 = (x + 1)(x 3)
x = 7, y = 3

8) 3xy + x2 = 34

2xy 3x2 = 8

9xy + 3x2 = 102

2xy 3x2 = 8
11xy = 110
xy = 10
30 + x2 = 34
x = 2 ,y=5
x = 2, y = 5
Solutions:(2,5)and(2,5)

9) y = 2e2x
y = ex 1

Nosolutions.

10) y = log
9 x + (1/2)
y
9 = x+1

y = log 9
(x+1)
log 9 ((x + 1)/x) = 1/2
3x = x + 1
x = 1/2
y = log 9
(3/2)

ConicQuestionsSolutions(takendirectlyfromAlgebra2Textbook)
1) Circle (x 1)2 + (y 1)2 = 8
2

(y2)
2) Ellipse (x+2)
9 + 4 =1
2

(y2)
3) Hyperbola (x+1)
9 4 =1
2

(y+1)
4) Ellipse (x3)
9 + 4 =1

5) Parabola x + 2 = 12 (y 3)2
2

x (y+2) =1
6) Hyperbola 123
123
2