23/4/2016

DryTypeTransformersintheAsianMarketplace
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DryTypeTransformersintheAsianMarketplace

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RichardL.ProvostDuPontCompany
(PAGE6of6)

PRODUCTS&SERVICES

ImpactofThermalRatings

NEWS&EVENTS

Thethermalclassificationoftransformersrepresentsthehighesttemperaturetheelectrical
windingcanacceptwhileoperatingatthehighestloadcondition(hotspot)andshouldhave
insulatingmaterials,whichatleastmatchthisrating.Theformulaforcalculatingthehottest
temperatureallowedisasfollows:

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HighestTemperature=AverageWindingRise(K)+Maximumambient+HotSpotAllowance
Thismeansthattheinsulationsystemmustberatedtomatchthehottesttemperatureofthe
winding,notjusttheaveragewindingtemperature.Thefollowingtableshowsacomparisonof
temperaturesbasedonIECStandard726fordrytypetransformers.
Table5.HottestSpotTemperatureCalculation
Temp.Class

Avg.Winding
Maximum
HotSpot
Temp.Rise
Ambient(C) Differential
(K)

Hottest
Temp.(C)

ClassB

80

40

10

130

ClassF

100

40

15

155

ClassH

125

40

20

185

ClassC

150

40

30

220

Asstated,insulationmaterialsmustbecapableofwithstandingthehottestspottemperature
withinthewinding.SomestudiesintheUnitedStates1indicatethatthehottestspotdifferential
maybehigherthanthatprojectedinthestandards,dependingoncoildesignandshape.
Potentiallythedifferencemaybeasmuchas10to20Khigher.Thiscouldresultineitherdown
ratingthetemperatureclassoftheunitorupratingtheinsulationmaterialsinthewinding.
Therefore,usinghightemperaturematerialsisthemosteconomicsolutionversusreductionof
theactualthermalratingofthetransformer.
Therearemanyotheradvantagestousingthesehightemperaturearamidmaterials.
1)ImpactonEfficiency
smallercoilsmeansmallercoresizes,whichreducenoloadlosses
Lessconductorandhighertemperaturesresultinincreasedloadlosses

Commonlossevaluationequationsplacemorevalueonnoloadlosses,usually
byaratioof3::1to6::1,valuedover20years,whichfavorssmallersizes

2)Impactonsizeandweight
Higherwindingtemperaturesallowsmallercoilsandsmallermagneticcores,
savingcost,space,andweight

Typically,ClassHcoilsare15%smallerthanClassFcoils,and30%smaller
thanClassBcoilsClassRcoilsofferanevenfurtherreductionofabout10%

3)ThermalProtection
ClassFtransformerstypicallyuseClassBandClassFinsulationmaterials,
providinglittleoverloadprotection

ClassHtransformerstypicallyhaveClassRinsulation(220Caramidmaterials)
whichcanhandleevenhighertemperaturesthanClassH,providinghigh
overloadprotection.

Therefore,highertemperaturedesignsmorefullyutilizetherawmaterialsandoptimizethe
losses,reducingtotaloperatingcosts,whichisthegrowingtrendintheworld.
Conclusions
Thispaperismeanttodrawtheattentionofusersandmanufacturersontheuseofinsulation

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23/4/2016

DryTypeTransformersintheAsianMarketplace
materialsresistanttohightemperaturesandtheopportunitiesthatsuchmaterialscanprovide
fordrytypetransformers.Italsosummarizestheadvantagesthattransformersproducedwith
thesematerialscanoffertousers,especiallyunderliningthepossibilityofferedbytheinherent
overloadresistance.Thisallowsuserstobuytransformersofreducedpowerratingwhich,not
onlywillbelessexpensive,butwillalsohavealongerthanexpectedlifetime.
Intheworldofthe21stcentury,thisofferingallowsmanufacturerstomeettheincreasingneeds
ofsocietyforimprovedsafety,environmentalresistanceandfriendliness.Inaddition,thereis
increasedresistancetoshortcircuitsandimpulsesurgesfromwithintheelectricalnetwork.The
hightemperatureventilateddrytransformertechnologyisnotnew,butitisbestsuitedtomeet
thegrowingneedsandtrendsofthemarketplace,andcandosoeconomicallyandreliably.
References:
1L.W.Pierce,"HottestSpotTemperaturesinVentilatedDryTypeTransformers",IEEEPaper93
WM0521PWRD,PresentedatIEEEPESWinterMeeting,Columbus,Ohio,Feb.15,1993.
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