SHP2016 - Energy and Sustainability Statement

SHP1-8
Energy and
Sustainability Strategy
A brighter future for

Thanet and East Kent
STONE HILL
PARK
LIVE WORK PLAY
STONE HILL PARK

SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT INCLUDING ENERGY STRATEGY
CONFIDENTIAL
MAY 2016
STONE HILL PARK

SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT INCLUDING ENERGY STRATEGY
Stone Hill Park Ltd.
Confidential
Project no: 70009799
Date: May 2016
WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff

6 Devonshire Square
London, EC2M 4YE
Tel: +44 207 337 1700
Fax: +44 207 337 1701
www.wspgroup.com
www.pbworld.com
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
PRODUCTION TEAM
ISSUE/REVISION
DRAFT
SECOND ISSUE
WSP UK (WSP|PB)
Remarks
Draft
Revised
as
per
comments from legal
review
Senior Consultant
Sabbir Sidat
Associate Director
Barny Evans
FIRST ISSUE
Date
05/05/2016
06/05/2016
16/05/2016
Prepared by
Sabbir Sidat
Sabbir Sidat
Sabbir Sidat
Barny Evans
Barny Evans
Barny Evans
Tony Selwyn
Tony Selwyn
Signature
Checked by
Signature
Authorised by
Signature
Project number
70009799
70009799
70009799
Report number
01
01
01
File reference
70009799
70009799
70009799
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 4
PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................ 5
URBAN DESIGN ................................................................................ 6
ENERGY & CARBON ......................................................................... 7
TRANSPORT ...................................................................................... 8
WATER ............................................................................................... 9
8
9
APPENDIX ENERGY STRATEGY ............................................................... 15

A.
11
12
i.
Thanet Local Plan ......................................................................................................... 16
ii.
Building Regulations (Part L) ........................................................................................ 16
iii.
Proposed DEVELOPMENT Ambitions ......................................................................... 16
B.
BASELINE CARBON EMISSIONS ................................................... 17
D.
BE LEAN: REDUCE ENERGY DEMAND......................................... 18
E.
SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE ............................................................. 10
i.
Building fabric ............................................................................................................... 18
ii.
Building services ........................................................................................................... 18
iii.
Co2 Emissions Reduction ............................................................................................. 19
BE CLEAN: SUPPLY ENERGY EFFICIENTLY ............................... 20

i.
District Heating Network ............................................................................................... 20
ii.
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) ............................................................................... 20
iii.
Carbon Emissions Reduction ....................................................................................... 20
WASTE & RECYCLING ................................................................... 11

F.
10
POLICY CONTEXT ........................................................................... 16
BIODIVERSITY ................................................................................. 12
AIR QUALITY ................................................................................... 13
ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................ 14
G.
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BE GREEN: RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ................. 21

i.
Wind Power .................................................................................................................. 21
ii.
Biomass Heating .......................................................................................................... 21
iii.
Ground Source Heating and/or Cooling ....................................................................... 21
iv.
Solar Thermal Hot Water Heating ................................................................................ 22
v.
Photovoltaic Panels ...................................................................................................... 22
vi.
Suitability Appraisal ...................................................................................................... 22
vii.
Carbon Emissions Reduction ....................................................................................... 22
RESULTS.......................................................................................... 23
i.
Energy Conservation and energy efficiency (Be Lean) ................................................ 23
ii.
Supply Energy Efficiently (Be Clean) ........................................................................... 23
iii.
Renewable Technology (Be Green) ............................................................................. 23
H.
EXAMPLE SAP WORKSHEETS - PROPOSED ............................... 24
I.
EXAMPLE BRUKL DOCUMENT - PROPOSED .............................. 27

Project No 70009799
May 2016
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
WSP | Parsons Brinkerhoff was commissioned by Stone Hill Park Ltd. to produce a sustainability
statement to support the planning application for the Proposed Development at the former
Manston Airport site (Stone Hill Park). The planning application for this project is due to be
submitted in May 2016. This will be a hybrid planning application consisting of a detailed
application for Phase One (which consists of four new commercial units and the change of use
and refurbishment of a number of existing buildings) and outline planning application for the rest
of the site.
The site was acquired by Stone Hill Park Ltd. in September 2014 and has plans to regenerate the
area through the construction of a mixed-use development consisting of 2,500 homes, an
employment area (consisting of light industry spanning use classes B1-8), schools, leisure
buildings and a central mixed use commercial hub.
Figure 1-1
Elements of sustainability
Urban
Design
Adapting
to Climate
Change
Air
Quality
Energy /
Carbon
Sustainability
Biodiversity
Transport
Water &
Drainage
Waste &
Recycling
This sustainability statement examines the site from a number of sustainability perspectives in
order to explain how the Stone Hill Park plans to contribute towards sustainable development.
The Proposed Development will bring much needed housing and employment to the region, but
will do so in a way which will consider the social, environmental and economic impact of the
Proposed Development.
In terms of urban design, the proposals have been developed to take into account the heritage of
the site and ensuring the runway and aircraft museums play an integral part of the character of
the development. Visually sensitive areas of the site have been identified and this has informed
the layout of the site while the homes and amenities are to be designed to be adaptable to the
changing needs of the future residents. For certain elements of the scheme, the layout will seek to
mirror what can be found in the surrounding villages, while it will also draw upon the heritage of
the site to form its own identity.
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The local requirements for the energy strategy for the buildings require compliance against
national building regulations. This project aims to exceed these requirements by an additional
10%. Although the exact methodology is yet to be determined and may vary across the different
phases of the project, the preferred method of achieving this goal is through the use of improved
building fabric which will increase the efficiency of the properties along with an element of solar
PV; this is what is currently proposed for the first phase of the development as well as the
residential properties.
The transport strategy is designed around the need to reduce single occupancy private car use
and instead promotes sustainable forms of transport such as walking, cycling, buses and trains.
Stone Hill Park is located within cycling distance of two train stations, with a third planned in the
next few years which will be even closer. Many amenities are close by, with existing bus routes
planned to provide additional stops and routes as the different phases of construction are
completed. It is hoped that having employment and residential homes on the same site, will in
itself reduce the need for commuting by car.
The former Manston airport site is located in an area classified as water stressed. With this in
mind the requirements in Thanets draft local plan regarding the use of water in homes to below
105 litres per person per day has been considered and an example strategy provided. In addition
Thanets hierarchy for reducing water will also be used to inform the design.
Linked to this, the site has a generally low level of flood risk, aside from that due to potential
drainage issues. The addition in impermeable area such as footways, roads and car parking will
all contribute to an increase in surface water runoff. This in turn would increase the amount of
water discharging into the existing outfall, which eventually discharges into Pegwell Bay.
Therefore sustainable drainage systems in the form of SUDS have been considered as part of
this scheme. The use of swales and basins have been included and will provide suitable drainage
for a 1 in 100 storm events, even including an additional allowance for climate change.
During the construction phase the use of approved schemes such as the Considerate
Constructors Scheme will help to reduce waste on site, as will the implementation of a Site
Waste Management Plan; the latter using the waste hierarchy to reduce waste produce during the
construction process. Meanwhile future residents will be provided enough space for all five
different waste stream receptacles collected by the client. In addition to this, internal temporary
waste storage provided will also allow separate space for recycling and general waste.
The Kent Red Data Book contains accounts of over 1,300 different species which are rare or
threatened in the county. Stone Hill Park aims to provide a positive contribution to Thanet's green
infrastructure network and biodiversity. This will be achieved through the use of a Construction
Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) to set and manage environmental targets for the site
during construction. Once fully developed, approximately 100ha of semi-natural grassland will still
remain on the Site. Through continuous careful management of this area this will likely result in a
direct permanent positive effect on the local plants and wildlife.
Road transport emissions strongly influence local NO2 concentrations however modelling
undertaken has used a pessimistic worst case view on the improvements in vehicle emissions.
Modelling has shown that air quality, though will be reduced due to the Proposed Development,
will not see Nitrogen Dioxide or Particulate Matter levels breaching local limits. Pollutants during
the construction and operational phase have both been considered and mitigated against through
the use of best practice and the aforementioned Considerate Contractors Scheme.
The site has taken into account the potential effects of climate change in a number of ways.
When designing the residential homes, climate change increases the potential of overheating.
The cooling hierarchy will therefore be used to reduce this risk and ensure highly efficient homes.
Similarly, when designing the drainage system, an allowance has also been made to take into
account the increased storm intensity due to climate change.
Through the consideration of all these various aspects, we have shown that Stone Hill Park will be
developed with sustainable development as a core requirement. The scheme will continue to work
towards improving its sustainability credentials and aims to have a positive effect on the region.

Project No 70009799
May 2016
Thanet District Council describes sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs and references
the UKs Sustainable Development Strategy which sets out five guiding principles of sustainable
development:
INTRODUCTION
Sustainable Development is a term increasingly used to describe a wide range of aims and
objectives from small individual building level to global initiatives. One of the first attempts to
define it came in the 1987 UN document Our Common Future (aka the Brundtland Report
named after the chairman of the commission).
1. Living Within Environmental Limits
Since then, a more practical definition has emerged by Robinson and Tinker
which describes sustainable development as the reconciliation of three
imperatives. These are the ecological imperative to live within global
biophysical carrying capacity and to maintain biodiversity, the social
imperative to ensure the development of democratic systems of governance
that can effectively propagate and sustain the values that people wish to live
by, and the economic imperative to ensure that basic needs are met
worldwide.
4. Using Sound Science Responsibly
development that meets the needs

of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own
needs Bruntland Report
Put simply, this it means breaking

sustainability into three key aspects:
2. Ensuring a Strong, Healthy and Just Society

3. Achieving a Sustainable Economy
5. Promoting Good Governance.

This project aims to ensure sustainable development is an overriding concern at all aspects for
the projects life; from early stage planning and design, to onsite-construction and finally during the
occupation and use of Stone Hill Park
The government has set a target of creating 60% of new homes each year on brownfield
(recycled) land by 2016. In Kent, this target is even higher at 80%. The re-use of the former
Manston Airport site for housing presents a large opportunity to help meet one of the key targets
for the county.
down
1. Environmental
2. Economical
3. Social
Environmental
concerns
Sustainable
Development
It is when these three elements come together

that a project can be thought of as contributing to
sustainable development.
Projects need to be technologically and
economically viable; this means we require the
technology, skills and understanding to put in
place the solutions suggested. Along with this
they also need to be affordable for it to be a
realistic proposition. One example of this is solar
photovoltaic panels, which initially were costly
and required government support, but have now
become affordable and worthwhile without any
subsidies.
Social
concerns
Economic
concerns
Environmental concerns should also be taken into account. Previously the site was used as an
airport, and therefore caused a large amount of air quality pollution, noise and released large
amounts of carbon emissions. Compared to this scenario, the proposed business and housing
development if well designed could potentially improve the sustainable credentials of the site as
well as providing much needed housing to the region.
Another target, as set out in the Kent Design Guide describes the substantial levels of
commuting to Greater London for employment which has developed throughout Kent over the last
century. This means that, many modern housing developments are virtually abandoned for large
parts of the day and a decline in the economic viability of many services which, otherwise, could
be locally provided. This employment-led development aims to combat this by providing places of
work on site. This will lead to a reduction in the need for commuting and therefore reduces
commuting costs, while increasing leisure time for the residents.
This strategy aims to discuss a wide range of different sustainability topics and attempts to
explain how the development as a whole will contribute towards sustainable development. The
following aspects are covered in this report:
Urban Design
Energy / Carbon
Transport
Water
Sustainable Drainage
Waste and Recycling
Biodiversity
Air Quality
Adapting to Climate Change
Socially, there is a strong need for housing in the area as identified by the local authorities. In
addition to this, the Proposed Development will bring employment to the area which will help to
rejuvenate the local economy. Bringing back into use the derelict site will also have a noticeable
social benefit to the area.
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Project No 70009799
May 2016
Figure 3-1
Site Location Map for the Proposed Development (Site boundary within red line)
PROJECT BACKGROUND
The Site is located at the former location of Manston Airport (Kent international Airport / London
Manston Airport) which is adjacent to the village of Manston in the district of Thanet in Kent.
Figure 3-1 shows a map of the area, with the Site boundary shown within the red line.
The airport first came in use during the First World War and this military use continued into the
Second World War. In the 1950s the Site was used by the US Air Force as a strategic base,
before being turned over to the RAF and civilian (freight and passenger) use in the 1960s. The
commercial use gradually grew until in 1989 when it was rebranded as Kent International Airport
and began offering flights into Europe. The facility once again rebranded in 1999 as London
Manston Airport coinciding with the time when the RAF completely ceased operations at the
base.
However in the subsequent years the airport failed to meet growth expectations and saw
continual decline in sales. By May 2014, the airport closed its doors after its final passenger
service ceased running.
The Site was acquired by Stone Hill Park Ltd. in September 2014 and has created plans to
regenerate the area through the construction of an employment-led development consisting of
2,500 homes, an employment area (consisting of light industry spanning use classes B1-8),
schools, leisure buildings and a central mixed use commercial hub.
Several of the heritage buildings are to be retained and include both the RAF Manston Museum
and the Spitfire and Hurricane Memorial Museum. Though none of the buildings are listed, other
buildings on site will be retained and refurbished in order retain the heritage of the site.
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Project No 70009799
May 2016
building use classes covering B1,

B2 and B8.
URBAN DESIGN
Good urban design ensures that the development provides a quality place to work, live and visit. It
influences the size, form and use of settlements (as well as spaces in between) to ensure the
design integrates into the surroundings and context of the Site.
The creation of an attractive and sustainable place to live and work is a key part of the
developmental process for Stone Hill Park. Part of this is ensuring the heritage of the area is
maintained and where possible enhanced. To that end several of the buildings such as the RAF
Manston Museum and the Spitfire and Hurricane Memorial Museum will remain on site. Other
buildings such as the control towers and old hangers have also been identified as having
historical value, although none are listed; these will be sensitively refurbished as part of the
detailed application for this scheme. In addition to this, a portion of the main runway is to be
retained for historical value. The much smaller taxiway to the north of the Site is also to be
retained for use as a runway by light aircraft though only infrequently during special events.
From an early stage in the design, the Site has been examined in context of its history and
surroundings to understand how the proposed development could be integrated into the Manston
and Thanet local areas. This has meant that there are certain areas of the Site which are
deemed to be visually sensitive; these include the plot edge which faces the runway, where less
than 30% of the land will be development as well as further areas of the Site where only 50% of
the land will be developed on. The open and flat nature of the Site means that all development
locations are visible from across the Site; providing opportunities and challenges and requiring
careful consideration of the form, composition and extent the development.
Urban design elements also include the need to ensure that the Stone Hill Park development
creates an active community and not just housing or facilities, but considers how the design helps
to promote a healthy community in an environment which is liveable and allows flexible spaces for
work and play for the duration of the Sites usable life. The residents will have access to existing
facilities in the area such as the Manston Golf Centre, social clubs, supermarkets, fast food and
religious establishments. In addition to this the development will add to this by providing new
schools, a swimming pool, general surgeries and community halls; all within easy walking
distance. The 2,500 new homes that are to be constructed not only provided much needed
housing to the region, but also uniquely have direct access to green spaces and parks.
Over the course of the life of the development, societys needs and requirements may change
significantly. Therefore creating a design which can be adaptable for any future needs will also
need to be taken into account. The non-residential buildings will be designed to ensure they can
be used for a large variety of different tenant types
which may occupy the space at different times. The
domestic properties will be able to adapt to changes in
household sizes, compositions and work patterns.
Similarly the town centre and other amenities will need
to be carefully thought out to allow for future adaption
and alteration to ensure areas do not become obsolete,
unused or undesirable.
The proposed development has been designed to
provide a range of properties both commercial and
domestic which vary in size and layout. The Site itself is
split into different sections which cover different
development zones and use types. The western area of
the Site is used as the employment-led area with the
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As with traditional towns, the layout

has been designed to show an
increase in height and density
towards the centre of the town. This
is also where many of the local
amenities are located. This design
allows
for
definition
and
containment to the central high
street, with terraced properties
creating a strong continuous
frontage.
In the document World Class Places The Governments

strategy for improving quality of place published in 2009,
the government talks about four key elements for a quality
of place:
The range and mix of homes, services and amenities;
Design and upkeep of buildings and spaces;
Provision of green space and green infrastructure;

Treatment of historic buildings and places.
At the key road junction of the high

street, a central area will be created proving a community-focused public open space. This will
give the streets in this area a village character, with smaller front gardens, wide pavement areas
and street tree planting to bring greenery into the street scene.
Surrounding the village centre will be residential properties, with schools slightly further out and
the swimming pool/leisure centre to the south east. A mix of building uses and styles will create a
vibrant and diverse scene making the area a pleasant space to inhabit. Four different character
areas have been developed as part of the Masterplan; each with own unique features and
themes.
The previous site use has meant that currently there is little in terms of landscape structure, to
inform and influence the layout. However the Proposed Development will incorporate the existing
airfield layout as well as taking into account the surrounding villages to ensure a sympathetic and
appropriate scale and street pattern, though not necessarily seeking to replicate them. The
medium density residential streets that surround the centre of the town will mimic the townscape
of Birchington-On-Sea; with a mixture of semi-detached and detached properties with large front
gardens.
Large amounts of public open spaces are also provided on the Site. This is an important factor in
creating a good quality of life as well as social, economic and environmental benefits. Attractive
open spaces and paths create a feeling of pride of place which brings people together.
Six guiding principles have been identified in the development of Stone Hill Park:
1. Creating a new place a mixed use development bringing together employment, residential,
leisure and community
2. Protecting and enhancing the environment protecting, enhancing and promoting
sustainable development
3. Celebrating the heritage and archaeology respecting the Sites history
4. Appreciation of landscape and character fully integrated into the landscape of Thanet
5. Connecting to surrounding area creating a well-connected development
6. Creating a new parkland network providing a range of green spaces

Project No 70009799
May 2016
Use of clean or renewable technologies
ENERGY & CARBON

It has long been established that greenhouse gas emissions, most commonly in the form of
carbon dioxide, are a large factor and cause of climate change. In 2012, 4.9 tonnes of CO2 was
emitted in Thanet per person; a large proportion of this is energy use in the home through
heating, hot water, lighting and electrical appliances. Therefore when constructing new homes as
well as new commercial properties, it becomes imperative that the highest levels of building
standards are adhered to.
Energy efficient properties are generally more costly to build compared to simply meeting
minimum requirements, but over the course of the life of the property this translates directly to
lower fuel bills for residents and occupiers. The projected trends in gas and electricity prices are
for them to continue to rise. Therefore a fuel efficient property provides homeowners and tenants
a degree of protection against these rising costs.
Multiple layers of energy and carbon requirements apply to the development at a national,
regional and local level, each of which requires different targets to be met. The development will
be designed to target the most onerous requirements applicable at each phase of development.
All development must meet the prevailing Building Regulations requirements. The development
will be brought forward under Part L 2013 and this has been used as the basis of this energy
statement. Part L1A covers new domestic homes, Part 2A covers new commercial properties and
Part 2B covers the refurbished commercial properties.
The energy statement has been structured in accordance with the energy hierarchy: Be Lean, Be
Clean, Be Green:
Be Lean this covers both reducing the need for energy as well as using energy more
efficiently. Building layouts and orientation can be used to increase passive solar gains and
therefore reducing the need for heating and lighting. On many sites there are constraints
which make this difficult and therefore there are other measures such as improving building
fabric (double or triple glazed windows, wall and roof insulation, high efficiency lighting etc.)
which can be used to reduce the consumption of energy.
Accredited Design SAP 2012 software was used to determine the regulated carbon emissions
and Fabric Energy Efficiency standards for a sample of typical domestic properties. The results
were then extrapolated across the whole development to assess the total baseline CO2
emissions, the CO2 emissions after the application of energy efficiency measures and the CO2
emissions after the application of zero carbon technologies. The results are shown in the table
below. Similarly the IES VE was used to model the non-domestic property which was under the
detailed application.
The Site was assessed with the following concluded:
The building fabric and building services to be improved over notional values.
It is not possible to serve the development from a nearby or site-wide district heating network.
The residential development could potentially be served by a solar PV system located on the
roofs supplying approximately 210,000 kWh of generation capacity annually. This could be in
the form of ~240No. 1kWp individual units.
The four commercial units could be potentially be served by a solar PV system located on the
roofs supplying approximately 40,150 kWh of generation capacity annually.
This along with the aforementioned fabric efficiency measures would allow the new build
element of the development to meet a 10% reduction in carbon emissions compared to the
minimum requirements of Part L 2013.
This methodology only shows one potential route available to the developer in order to reach the
project objectives. As the project progresses we expect the solution may change depending on
detailed design and building specific requirements.
Table 5-1
Regulated carbon dioxide savings from each stage of the energy hierarchy for
residential units
Regulated carbon dioxide emissions Regulated
carbon
savings (TCO2 per annum)
emissions savings (%)
Savings from energy demand reduction
Savings from energy efficient supply
Savings from renewable energy
Total Cumulative Savings
230.7
0
109.0
339.7
6.8%
0%
3.5%
10.0%
Total Target Savings
338.3
10%
1.4
0.0%
dioxide
Be Clean consideration of combined heat and power.

Be Green renewable energy can also be generated on site to reduce heating or electrical
demand from gas or electricity networks. This may be in the form of heat pumps, biomass
boilers, wind turbines or solar panels.
Although there is a minimum requirement in England for energy efficiency, the Stone Hill Park
development seeks to go above and beyond this requirement by a minimum of 10% in order to
emphasise its commitment to sustainable development as well as reducing energy bills for
homeowners and tenants.
The Stone Hill Park development

seeks to go above and beyond this
requirement by a minimum of 10% in
order to emphasise its commitment to
sustainable development
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The final design and the ways in which this target is achieved may vary
between the different property types and developmental phases.
However we expect all of the properties to be designed to achieve
optimum energy performance and incorporate the following design
features:
Annual Surplus
Table 5-2
Regulated carbon dioxide savings from each stage of the energy hierarchy for the four
commercial warehouse units
carbon
3.9
0
20.8
24.7
23.5
10%
Annual Surplus
1.2
0.5%
dioxide
1.7%
0%
9.0%
10.5%
Significantly exceed the minimum fabric requirements
Buildings will include low energy lighting and high efficient

building services

Project No 70009799
May 2016
TRANSPORT
Transport and travel is responsible for a quarter of the UKs CO2 emissions and continues to grow
annually at a rate of 4%; more than any other sector. Therefore it is important that transport
systems in the area needs to be balanced in favour of sustainable forms of transport and where
possible making neighbourhoods walkable. In recent years, the Governments approach to rising
levels of car traffic has changed. In the past, the approach has been that increasing demand for
road capacity should be met with increased supply. During the early nineties it was recognised
that the construction of new roads leads to more traffic generation, in turn, leading to the
requirements for more roads in an escalating spiral. This has led the Government to review its
policy on the location of developments, in particular developments generating traffic to focus on
sustainable development.
Aside from the release of CO2 emissions, road transport from cars and other vehicles create a
large amount of other air quality issues such as increasing the amount of pollution in the form of
particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in the air. These can have a significant effect on human
health reducing lifespans as well as damaging the environment. In London alone particulate
pollution was thought to be responsible for 1,000 premature deaths during 2005.
The increase in cars also brings about an increase in noise pollution as well as road congestion;
the latter means that more time is spent sitting in traffic and less free time to spend at home or
socialising.
As identified in Thanets draft Local Plan, transport is a critical factor in councils aspirations for a
sustainable economic regeneration. Currently Thanet does not suffer from significant levels of
congestion, traffic noise, pollution and delays such as experienced in urban centres elsewhere in
Kent. In addition a high proportion of Thanets population has no access to a car. This though has
potential to change and some traffic congestion already occurs at certain junctions at peak times.
The proposed scheme is not predicted to have any significant transport related environmental
impacts during the construction phase, although in general the transport of materials in the
construction industry alone accounts for 30% of all road freight. A Construction Environmental
Management Plan (CEMP), as also described in the section on biodiversity, will cover the targets
and mitigation that will be put in place during the construction phase of the project. An outline
CEMP has been provided as part of this application, but it is also expected individual CEMPs will
also be developed for each phase of the development. With regards to transport specifically these
will include:
Pedestrian and vehicular access points and how segregation will be maintained
Type and frequency of construction vehicles
Number of staff working on site and a workforce travel plan
Parking arrangements
The South East Plan includes a target to provide 138,420 new homes in Kent by 2026 and the
County Council estimates that, if delivered, this growth could result in an extra 250,000 car
journeys on Kents roads every day. Stone Hill Park aims to be an employment-led development
and so attempts to create a community where commuting to work via sustainable methods is both
viable and an attractive proposition. An efficient and convenient public transport system and direct
walking and cycling routes need to be at the heart of any transport network, as is
the case with this development.
walking accounts for 26% of

all trips in in the district
The general driving force of sustainable transport policy is to decrease reliance on

the single occupancy private car by ensuring that developments are accessible by
more sustainable modes of transport, including; bus, rail, cycle and by foot.
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The closest railway stations to the

Site are Ramsgate station located
approximately 4km to the east and
Minster station approximately 2km
to the south; both of which are
within
cycling
distance.
Bus
services 11, 38 and 38A currently
operate along Spitfire Way and
Manston Road that bound the Site,
with
further
services
along
Canterbury Road West. A new
railway station, Thanet Parkway
station (located just south of the
Site), is planned to be operation by
early 2019; a new cycle and
footpath will be provided giving
residents access to the national rail
network within a 20 minute walk.
Cycle Parking Best Practice:

Visible easy to find and well signed and lit
Accessible preferably within 20-30m of the final
destination
Safe and Secure easy to use personal locks, but also
feeling like a safe space for the user
Easy to use intuitive and usable for a range of bike
types and sizes
Consistently available located in small clusters in
different areas
Covered makes use more attractive
Connected to complement the cycle network
Linked to other services such as bus stops as well as
The presence of the school on the

hire or repair facilities
Site means that transport via cars is
also reduced during peak times; as
Attractive well designed and in keeping with the area
the schools will also be within
Not a problem for others should not get in the way of
walking distance. Thanets Feet
others
First document states that walking
accounts for 26% of all trips in in
the district and the Stone Hill Park
aims to be walkable where possible.
Walking not only has health benefits, but also increases social cohesion in the community; an
important factor in a new development such as this.
The proposed scheme is expected to generate a significant number of additional trips by all
modes. These have been assessed for impact considering five separate measures; severance
(traffic volumes), pedestrian delay, pedestrian / cycle amenity, fear / intimidation and accidents /
safety.
In terms of severance, none of the links assessed are expected to experience an increase in
traffic flows greater than 30% and therefore the magnitude of impacts are classed as neutral, with
the same being true for pedestrian delay and pedestrian / cycle amenity.
However the Proposed Development has been shown to have a direct, permanent and negative
impact on a number of junctions which already operate close to or near full capacity. Increases in
traffic flows also have a major effect on fear and intimidation and a moderate one on accidents
and safety. In order to mitigate some of these effects, a comprehensive Public Transport Strategy
(PTS) has been developed for the Site in conjunction with the principal bus operator for the area
and KCC; with additional bus stops serving the development as the different phases progress,
along with changes in frequency and alteration to bus routes to better serve the development.
New pedestrian and cycle links will be promoted across the Site in order to improve accessibility
and connections to the surrounding pedestrian and cycle infrastructure, with all primary and
secondary routes including provision for pedestrians and cyclists. It is also intended that the
remnants of the main runway will be used as a cycling track which encourages exercise but also
cycling as a form of transport. This may be further encouraged through the provision of showers
and changing facilities in the commercial properties which will form the hub of the employment
area as well as by providing secure cycling parking facilities in the village centre.
An assessment has also been made of the off-site implication of the development and a number
of mitigation measures have been proposed. Where major adverse impacts still remain, further
work will be undertaken post-application in conjunction with KCC to reduce these to an
acceptable level.

Project No 70009799
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Level 5 and 6 80 litres
WATER
One of the most pressing issues that all new developments must take into account is the
management of water and ensuring a sustainable supply and efficient usage. This is especially
important in Thanet where between 1981 and 2010 the Manston weather station recorded
average annual rainfall of 592.5mm close to half of the UK average of 1,154.0mm.
Thanets water is supplied by Southern Water. The water supply comes from Thanets chalk
aquifers, rivers and is also piped from Medway. It is essential that water is managed efficiently to
meet the needs of a growing population, particularly in the South East where water is scarce. Due
to the proposed development, there will be an increase in the demand on the water supply
network. As the Site is located in a water stressed area and there are capacity issues, off-site
reinforcement works will have to be undertaken to ensure adequate water supply. This will need
to take place early in the development of this project, though does not preclude the importance of
incorporating water efficiency into the heart of the design.
Water usage in both the commercial and residential properties typically follows the following
methodology:
1. The first step is to reduce the demand for water. In the residential element for this
development this could include using low or dual flush taps, tap flow restrictions, bath size
limitations etc. Education can also play a major part to this to encourage less water waste
along with accessible metering points in order for residents to keep track of usage. Some of
these measures can also be applied to the non-residential employment areas.
2. The second step is the installation and use of rainwater harvesting, though for larger
developments such as this, the release of surface run-off also needs to be considered in
order to not affect the local water table/courses. The converse of this is that this technology
can help reduce the impact of flooding.
3. The last step is to re-use waste water in the domestic property for a secondary purpose e.g.
flushing of WCs or watering of external plants (which together account for 37% of domestic
water usage). It is worth keeping in mind that although all water is
supplied to a domestic property is of drinking water quality; typically
less than 5% is used for that purpose.
In response to Thanets new Local Plan consultation document, the Environment Agency has
recommended that higher standards are appropriate in water stressed areas such as Thanet
and that domestic properties should be designed to achieve a minimum water efficiency of 105
litres per person per day in advance of mandatory requirements, equivalent to 110 litres per
person per day inclusive of external use.
However it has been confirmed that these are not currently adopted requirements by the council
and so working to these requirements remains an aspiration at this point and not a mandated
requirement.
An example specification using the former Code for Sustainable Homes water calculator tool is
shown below, outlining how the 105 target could potentially be achieved.
Table 7-1
Example water use calculation
INSTALLATION TYPE
TYPICAL SPEC
EXAMPLE SPEC
WC Dual Flush (@ full volume)

WC Dual Flush (@ part volume)
Kitchen Taps
Other Taps
Bath (max capacity)
Shower
Washing Machine
Dishwasher
3-6 litres
3-6 litres
6-12 litres/minute
3-12 litres/minute
100-200 litres
5-8 litres/minute
4.5 14 litres/kg
0.8 1.6 litres/place
setting
6 litres
4 litres
5 litres/minute
5 litres/minute
150 litres
5 litres/minute
8.14 litres/kg
0.9 litres/place
setting
EXAMPLE LITRES PER

PERSON PER DAY
8.76
11.84
12.56
9.48
16.50
34.96
17.09
3.24
104.1
Total
Thanet councils recommendation on the management of water is shown below.

Figure 7-1
Hierarchy of water management
Most Preferable
Reduce Demand - Low Volume Baths, low
water demand planting, dual/low flush WCs,
low flush or waterless urinals
Rainwater harvesting in its simplest form involves collecting water from

roof tops and re-using them within the building for non-potable water
applications. Once the water is collected, it is first filtered then stored.
Typically a tank is sized to hold 18-20 days worth of water; these tanks
can be either above or below grounds.
Water Efficiency - Water efficient 'A' rated

equipment, leak detection, water timers,
metering and sub-metering
Reduce Supply - Rainwater harvesting
From there the water is pumped either directly to point of use, or to an

internal break tank. If the system runs low, mains cold water will back
up the system to ensure continuous supply until it next rains in which
case it automatically switches back. A typical system can provide 50%
of a persons water use.
Recycle - Black and grey water recovery
Disposal
The now defunct Code for Sustainable Homes sets a limit for daily
water usage per person, per day (this is against a UK average of 150
litres per person per day).
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SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE
Sustainable Urban Drainage systems (SUDS) are an alternative form of drainage, compared to
conventional piped systems. They replicate as closely as possible the natural drainage of the site
before any development has begun which in turn reduces the risk of flooding downstream of the
site. It also helps to replenish groundwater and removes pollutants gathered during water run-off,
benefitting local wildlife. The Draft new Local Plan states how new developments will be expected
to manage surface water using SUDS wherever possible.
Thanet has few areas of low lying land that are at risk of flooding from the sea; the main causes
being fluvial and tidal flooding. In particular the Old Town area of Margate (which lies 4 miles to
the north of the Site) is located in a low lying area, where floods could potentially cause millions of
pounds worth of damage. The Site itself is located within Flood Zone 1, where probability of fluvial
and tidal flooding is lowest and less than 0.1% every year. Therefore the impact the
developments will have on tidal/fluvial flood risk during construction or operation is considered to
be negligible.
SUDS can be designed to efficiently and sustainably drain surface water, while minimising
pollution. Surface water runoff in built up areas tends to flow rapidly into the sewer system, which
places a burden on the sewerage network and increases flood risk downstream as piped systems
have limited capacity. SUDS can slow the rate at which water disperses, thus reducing the risk of
flooding caused by urbanisation.
At Stone Hill Park, the addition in impermeable area such as footways, roads and car parking will
all contribute to an increase in surface water runoff. This in turn would increase the amount of
water discharging into the existing outfall, which eventually discharges into Pegwell Bay.
As part of the drainage strategy, the use of SUDS in the form of attenuation basins, swale and
permeable paving are proposed; these are intended to help treat the water and therefore mitigate
the risk of contamination to Pegwell Bay. Each basin is designed to be 1.5m deep while the large
linear swale with basins proposed along the southern boundary, will have a base of 10m. The
enhancement of the area due to the use of these features may end up having a positive impact on
the water quality compared to the current baseline.
In addition to the change in impermeable area, the altering of ground levels may also affect the
surface water being conveyed off-site; this in turn could cause flooding. The proposed drainage
system has been designed to take this into consideration and the Site will reduce discharge
compared to existing for all storm events up to the 1:100 year including a 20% allowance for
climate change. By increasing this climate change allowance to the upper end of predictions to
40%, our modelling has shown that the increased water level within the proposed attenuation can
be managed with still no flooding occurring.
However, maintenance is also a key part of ensuring the effectiveness of SUDS. All SUDS must
be approved by Kent County Council who examines the design of the system as well as the
construction, operation and maintenance of the system. For the paving this is mainly in the form
of regular cleaning and vacuuming of the area, whereas the attenuation ponds / basins and dry
swale require litter removal as well as management and cutting of the grass and vegetation.
Figure 8-2
Figure 8-1
Thanet Groundwater Protection Zones
SUDS Example
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WASTE & RECYCLING

Waste and recycling for this development can be split into two distinct phases; although the
majority of the waste occurs during the use and occupation of the site, thought must also be taken
into the construction phase of the development; this statement is echoed in the Local Plan for
Thanet.
Construction waste accounts for a high proportion of all waste produced in the UK. Government
targets aim to reduce construction waste on major sites by 30%. Similarly, the transport of
materials in the construction industry alone accounts for 30% of all road freight and construction
waste accounts for 40% of all waste. Disposing of waste to landfill has a number of environmental
impacts, including ecological damage from contaminating landfill sites, depleting resources and
contributing to climate change. Recycling construction materials rather than disposing them
through landfill, not only reduces the pressure on these landfill sites, but also can save energy
and cost.
Careful design and specication, including o -site manufacture, can help reduce waste during
construction. The Considerate Constructors Scheme encourages contractors to go beyond
minimum requirements and attempts to protect the environment through the better management
of environmental issues, seeking sustainable solutions and minimising the impact of pollution from
their activities. The Principal Contractors, once appointed, will register their development plots
with the Considerate Constructors Scheme.
Site Waste Management Plans (SWMP) as well as the setting and monitoring of targets can also
go a long way towards minimising waste on site. SWMP are a requirement for all construction and
demolition works above 300,000, with additional requirements for projects above 500,000 in
value (as in this case). They cover the steps required under the waste hierarchy but also have
three main aims:
Improve efficiency and profitability by promoting reuse, recycling and recovery of waste,
rather than disposal.
Reduce fly-tipping by keeping a full audit trail of waste removed from sites and complying
with waste duty of care regulations.
Increase environmental awareness of your workforce and management
1. Reduce and prevent waste

2. Reuse materials
The Proposed Development includes the demolition of almost 13,000m

of existing on-site structures, and parts of the taxiways and runway. At
this stage it is not possible to quantify the types and volumes of waste
that will arise from the proposed demolition works. However a predemolition audit will take place and materials segregated into waste
streams such as metals, timbers and hardcore.
3. Recycle and composting

Using indices from The Construction Resources and Waste Platform and
The Building Research Establishment, construction waste from the new
build and refurbished elements of the scheme has been estimated at
47,520 tonnes. The Principal Contractors will be responsible for setting
and reviewing targets to ensure high standards are reached, maintained
and where possible continually improved upon. Some measures which are expected are:
4. Recover through waste to energy

5. Disposal
Provision should be made for the storage of recyclable waste so that it does not deteriorate or
become contaminated, particularly in the case of commercial operations. This is important as
failure to do so can encourage fly-tipping while not considering the security of the waste can also
cause anti-social behaviour, arson, vermin and the creation of street litter. For phase one, each
unit will contain internal temporary waste storage facilities as well as external main waste stores
which will be screened and locked. For all the commercial properties, the tenants or the building
management team will arrange their own waste collections through a commercial waste
contractor.
British standards for Waste Management in Buildings can be used to estimate and produce waste
metrics for different commercial activities. Some examples of these are:
Offices 50 litres per employee
2/3 star hotel 250 litres per bedroom
Industrial units 5 litres per floor area
The Draft Local Plan also suggests that the bin storage be no further than 15m from where the
collection vehicle will pass, whereas the proposed waste strategy for the Site specifies that the
waste presentation area should be within 10m. Similarly the walking distance from the residents
front door to their waste storage areas should not exceed 30m.
Thanet council currently collects five separate waste streams, these are:
Refuse 180 litre black wheeled bins
Mixed dry recycling 240 litre blue wheeled bins
Paper and card 80 litre sack or wheeled bin
Food brown container or brown wheeled bin
The Waste Hierarchy:
Every year in the UK approximately 400 million tonnes of waste is produced; a quarter of this
comes from households, commerce and industry. The type and amount of waste produced from
the commercial and residential elements of the scheme will differ considerably but in general the
waste facilities needs to be sufficient to house all the waste and recycling receptacles, with the
containers themselves being adequate to deal with the likely amount of waste produced and
conveniently located for easy access. TDC guidance also advises that trade and domestic waste
are stored separately and clearly labelled. For the majority of the Site, this would not be an issue
as the employment area is separate to the residential development.
Garden optional 240 litre green wheeled bin

All new domestic properties will need to take into account and make space for all five of these
containers. Where multiple units share waste storage facilities, the council has provided a formula
for calculating the total container size, which will be used.
Each residential property will be provided with a segregated waste bin, which will encourage
recycling; a typical container would have a 19 litre capacity for waste, with a large 30 litre
container for recyclables.
Ordering Using Just-in-time, ordering correct lengths, keeping programme up-to-date

Storage Correctly storing materials to avoid damage, using secure or off-site storage
Delivery/Handling - Careful loading/unloading, only accepting correct orders
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BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity plays an important role in achieving sustainable development. It includes all species
of animals and plants and the natural systems that support them. As well as the environmental
benefits of maintaining biodiversity, it also plays a vital role in the physical and mental health and
wellbeing of people and provides a link to the natural environment.
The UK is a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity and is committed to the
biodiversity goals and targets (the Aichi targets) agreed in 2010 and set out in the Strategic Plan
for Biodiversity 20112020. These have therefore been fed down to regional and local targets.
There are many species which have already been lost in the UK and the Kent Red Data Book
contains accounts of over 1,300 different species which are rare or threatened. Some of these
were always limited in number or geographical distribution, but many more were once common in
the countryside.
Therefore all new developments must demonstrate how the overall biodiversity value of the Site
will not be reduced due to the proposals. The draft local plan explains how a green infrastructure
network is an integral part of the design of all major developments and how opportunities to
improve Thanets green infrastructure network by protecting and enhancing existing green
infrastructure assets and the connections between them, should be included early in the design
process.
Development can make a positive contribution to Thanet's green infrastructure network by:
Creating new wildlife and biodiversity habitats
Providing and managing new accessible open space
Mitigating against the loss of any farmland bird habitats
Providing private gardens and play space; and/or
Contributing towards the enhancement of Thanet's Biodiversity Opportunity Areas or the
enhancement of the Green Wedges
The proposed design includes a four step process for avoiding/improving the effects of the
development on sensitive ecological features:
Avoidance Retention of undisturbed parcels of land, hedgerows and buildings
A number of European/internationally designated sites fall within a 10 km radius of the Site

including Thanet Coast and Sandwich Bay Special Protection Area (SPA), Special Area of
Conservation (SAC) and Ramsar site. This site is designated for an internationally important
population of turnstones Arenaria interpres, amongst other features. Margate and Long Sands
SAC, Sandwich Bay SAC and the Outer Thames Estuary SPA are all located over 3km from the
Site. Stodmarsh SPA, SAC and Ramsar Site are located furthest from the Site at almost 7.9km to
the south west.
In addition, there are two UK statutory designated sites located between 1km and 2km from the
Site: Sandwich Bay to Hacklinge Marshes Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Sandwich
and Pegwell Bay National Nature Reserve (NNR), both are located to the south east of the site.
Biodiversity is seen as an integral part of this proposal and design process from an early stage in
the design rather than an afterthought. This is true for both the construction phase and
operational phase of the development.
The Site itself, in general is dominated by large areas of semi-improved neutral grassland and
poor semi-improved grassland. Interspersed within this are large areas of hard-standing (such as
the runway which is between 6-9m thick) and clusters of airport buildings to the north-east and
north-west of the runway.
Much of the grassland on the Site is managed through fertilisation and annual cutting,
characterised by species which favour these neutral conditions. Some areas of grassland are less
well managed (towards the western and eastern ends of the runway); these show a wider range
of diversity of herb species. It is estimated that during the construction phase 75ha / 40% of the
semi-improved currently present on Site will be lost. However 100ha will be retained and
enhanced.
A Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) will be used to set and manage
environmental targets for the Site. This will outline how the construction project will avoid,
minimise and mitigate effects on the environment and surrounding area. The CEMP is a live
document and will need to be kept up-to-date throughout the 15 year construction phase. The
scope covers air quality, water, noise, energy and cultural heritage amongst others. The outline
CEMP for this Site describes the following specific measures:
Plant will be certified to meet relevant current EU legislation
Equipment and vehicles to be shut down when not in use
Semi-static equipment is to be sited and oriented as far as is reasonably practicable away
from noise sensitive receptors and will have localised screening if deemed necessary
Mitigation Sensitive timing of construction works, grassland management
Where possible, mains electricity to be used instead of generators
Compensation Replacing bat/owl/kestrel roosts, reptile habitats
The layout of the Site will be designed to minimise the risk of pollution reaching the
groundwater (with hoarding I place to safeguard owls and hares)
Enhancement Additional native hedgerow planting, creating new habitats
Typical Steps for ensuring biodiversity:

1. Conduct a survey
2. Protect existing habitats and species
3. Mitigate against potentially harmful effects
4. Enhance existing habitats and create new ones
5. Compensate where damage is unavoidable
Biodiversity Opportunity Areas (BOA) indicate where

effort should be focused in order to create the maximum
biodiversity benefits. The maps also show where the
greatest gains can be made from habitat enhancement,
restoration and recreation, as these areas offer the best
opportunities for establishing large habitat areas and/or
networks of wildlife habitats. Although Thanet has two
Biodiversity Opportunity Areas identified (Thanet Cliffs
and Shore and Lower Stour Wetlands) neither cover the
proposed development.
Once fully constructed, the Proposed Development will have a significant effect on biodiversity at
the Site. In addition to the loss in semi-improved grassland, cats will also have a negative effect
on wintering birds and indirectly the owl population through the reduction of prey. Increased traffic
could result in increased barn owl fatalities while light pollution will work to fragment habitats.
However, the retention and continued sensitive management of approximately 100ha of seminatural grassland on the Site will likely result in a direct permanent positive effect for the semiimproved grassland, wintering birds, barn owl and brown hare. During the operational phase, the
new landscaping will also become functional, compensating for construction fragmentation effects
on protected species and providing additional foraging opportunities.
6. Undertake monitoring and management

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AIR QUALITY
Generally, Thanet has good air quality. But in the UK as a whole poor air quality causes
approximately 29,000 premature deaths each year and reduces the average lifespan by 6
months. In addition it also has a significant effect on wildlife and agriculture.
When measuring air quality, we are mainly focussed on two elements; particulate matter and
nitrogen oxides (though carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and low level ozone is also of
concern).
Particulate matter (PM) is defined as a liquid or solid particle or aggregates with a diameter
greater than 200 pico-metres and is suspended in air. The amount of damage PM can cause
to human health depends on its composition, physical properties, concentration, size and
length of exposure. The smaller the particle is the further down the respiratory system it is
able to travel; therefor PM10 (that is particle less than 10 microns) are generally retained in
the nasopharynx, whilst for particles greater than 50 microns the regular breathing action for
humans is not enough for inhalation.
Nitrogen oxides (NO) inflame the lining of the lungs reducing immunity to lung infections. This
can cause coughing, colds and flus symptoms as well as increasing the rate and intensity of
attacks by asthma sufferers.
The majority of the local impact on air quality in the region comes from road transport; this has
caused two Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) to be created in the region at busy junctions
which have shown nitrogen dioxide above recommended levels. Where a local authority
anticipates that national air quality objectives are not likely to be achieved in a location, it must
declare an AQMA along with a plan to improve the air quality. In order to guard against further
exceedances in other areas in 2011 the council decided to declare an urban wide AQMA. This
Urban AQMA doesnt cover the area of the proposed development however the development
must still consider its impact as it may affect air quality within it. The closest air monitoring station
is located slightly beyond the eastern edge of the Site on Kentmere Avenue.
Figure 11-1 Thanet Urban AQMA
Emissions and dust from the

demolition and construction phase
of a development can have a
significant impact on local air
quality, especially from large
developments such as this one
A common three step approach for addressing air quality

in new developments is:
1. Redesign creating car-free developments, reducing
parking provision, plan mixed-used developments,
avoid creation of non-dispersive canyons, installation
of CHP units etc.
During the construction phase,

demolition
activities
(including
material
handling,
earthworks
fabrication
and
construction
2. Mitigation providing car share schemes, travel
processes) will increase the level of
planning
dust and PM at existing receptors.
3. Offset - Financial contribution towards traffic
The total volume of buildings and
management measures / improvements in public
hardstanding to be demolished on
transport / improvements in walking and cycling
site is estimated to be between than
3
20,000 - 50,000m and it is
facilities
estimated that the amount of
material to be excavated will
exceed 100,000 tonnes. Similarly
the increase in equipment and machinery will also raise the ambient level of exhaust emissions;
again this will affect PM concentrations as well as NOx.
The Greater London Authority and the London Councils have produced guidance to control dust
and emissions from construction and demolition. This guidance is considered to be best practice
and the Kent and Medway Air Quality Partnership encourage using this in the planning process.
Although construction traffic will have a negative impact on NO 2, PM10 and PM2.5 concentration,
this will be mitigated through the use of the Considerate Constructors Scheme. Through
the
successful implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, it is not anticipated that there will
be any significant negative effects on the local community.
Air quality at Stone Hill Park will be maintained through the use of energy efficient properties
which go beyond minimum requirements, the encouragement of sustainable forms of travel and
renewable energy in the form of Solar PV. In addition no energy centre will be provided for the
Site; another common source of air pollution.
During the operational phase, road traffic will affect pollutant levels in the local area as well as in
Thanets Urban AQMA and on Thanets coast where there are areas of Scientific Special Interest,
Special Protection Zones and Special Area of Conservation.
When considering the Stone Hill Park scheme, seven separate future scenarios have been
modelled and compared against a baseline.
The Ministry of Defence Fire Training Facility is
located to the north-west of the Site. Emissions from this facility are intermittent, but do have an
adverse effect on air quality. This has also been considered in the modelled scenarios.
All new receptors in all modelled scenarios are predicted to have annual mean NO 2, PM10 and
PM2.5 concentrations below the air quality objectives for annual mean concentrations. Similarly
short term hourly mean NO2 concentrations and daily mean PM10 concentrations are expected to
remain below requirements.
The main source of the emissions increase comes from vehicle traffic and therefore the
aforementioned Travel Plan will be pivotal in reducing pollutants even further beyond these levels.
In addition this assessment represents a worst case scenario where no improvement in emissions
factors as there is currently disagreement with the EURO 6 (VI) approval scheme for new cars.
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development, which takes into account the effects of climate change.
ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaption to climate change is an important part of addressing the issues, impacts and
opportunities cause by climate change. This means that all future developments need to be
created in order to easily adapt to this changing environment over the next 50 to 80 years to
guarantee long-term sustainability. In general, in the UK this will mean increases in temperature
(hotter summers and milder winters), increases in seasonality, and increases in the frequency and
intensity of storm events, rising sea levels and higher wind speeds.
Adjustments in natural or human

systems in response to actual or
expected climatic stimuli or their effects,
which moderate harm or exploit
beneficial opportunities - IPCC
Older people are especially susceptible to the effect of overheating

and are more likely to be at home during the hottest times of day.
By 2065 the population of England and Wales over 65 years old will
have risen from 18% to 26%; the district profiles for Thanet in 2014
already shows over 22.6% of the population over 65; higher than the
national average.
Overheating in homes not only has the potential to contribute to

discomfort, but could be the cause of significant health implications
for residents. There were over 2,000 excess deaths during the 2003 heatwave, which saw
temperatures in the UK remain above 30C for a 9 day period. The young, elderly and those with
pre-existing illnesses experience the greatest level of risk when temperatures rise, with
dehydration one of the biggest killers. However, people who are usually fit and well are also likely
to suffer deterioration in their quality of life or health. These affects are projected to worsen over
the next few decades as our climate changes.
Overheating typically occurs in dense flats whereas the proposed development consists mainly of
townhouses, which will reduce this risk. The properties will be dual-aspect allowing for more
cross-flow and creating a natural cooling effect. Many modern properties also incorporate large
amounts of glazed areas; again this will be avoided to reduce the amount of solar gain, though a
balance will be sought. The amount of greenery proposed for this site will also help to cool urban
areas. Trees reduce the amount of radiation that can reach below the canopy area, and
increasing the amount of plants, shrubs and grasses enhances the rate of evapotranspiration.
When designing the sustainable drainage systems for this site, an allowance for climate change
was also used in the calculations. The SUD system was designed to take into account a 20%
increase in storm water due to climate change, but also was modelled against the effect of a more
extreme prediction of 40%.
Cooling Hierarchy:
Site Layout The final detailed site layout should maximise solar gain in the summer, maximise
natural ventilation and vegetation as well as providing private outdoor spaces for residents.
Building layouts have been designed to ensure adequate access to sunlight with many of the
residents having access to private gardens.
Buildings Should demonstrate that they are built to withstand future increases of wind and
avoid movement from potential subsistence. Similarly the drainage system should be able to
withstand future higher levels of rainfall while the envelope as a whole should be designed to
prevent overheating in the summer. Lastly the materials used should be able to perform as
designed throughout the life of the development. Part of this has been address in the section on
sustainable drainage. The long term effect of increased wind loadings will be addressed during
detailed design.
Ventilation The ventilation systems installed bust be capable of brining in clean air to the
properties without affecting noise level or security. They should also ensure the buildings remain
within acceptable limits and fit for purpose not only in the present day, but also for the life of the
development and taking into account increases in temperature due to climate change. There
systems should also be energy efficient where possible and take into account the cooling
hierarchy. Where possible, the cooling hierarchy will be used and natural ventilation preferred.
Drainage This covers SUDs (as is proposed in this development) but also specifying permeable
paving where possible and where it will not cause structural failure. This is also covered on the
section on sustainable drainage.
Water water use should be minimised, but also estimates of consumption under normal use and
under water conservation conditions calculated. (This is addressed in the water section.)
Outdoor spaces Providing a range of interesting public and private outdoor spaces. Vegetation
selection should also take into account climate change while water features should have minimal
water use. This is addressed on the section on urban design.
Connectivity This includes infrastructure resilience i.e. ensuring there are safe routes available
in the event of floods occurring but also looking at the effect of the development on the immediate
neighbours. The effects on the surrounding areas have been considered through the development
of Stone Hill Park and the drainage strategy has reduced the risk of flooding in the area.
The south east climate partnership has created a guidance document on designing developments
for climate change called Adapting to climate change: a checklist for development. This
document covers broadly nine different themes which
developments such as this one at Stone Hill Park will
need to consider ensuring the impacts of climate change
have been taken into account.
1. Minimise internal heat generation through

energy efficient design
2. Reduce the amount of heat entering a building

3. Manage the heat within the building
4. Passive ventilation
5. Mechanical ventilation
6. Active cooling systems
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At this outline application stage, it is not possible to

answer or confirm each of the items in the checklist.
However these, along with other sources of best practice
in this area will be taken into account and some of the
items can already be confirmed at this early stage.
Location This is important at it has a significant
influence on the probability of flooding. A separate flood
risk assessment has already been prepared for the

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APPENDIX ENERGY STRATEGY
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A.
POLICY CONTEXT
I.
THANET LOCAL PLAN
The Thanet Local Plan was adopted in June 2006. Relevant priorities were saved in 2009, prior to the
publication of the National Planning Policy Framework. The retained policies do not set any specific
requirement for the reduction of energy beyond that outlined in the national building regulations; this has been
confirmed via a phone call (12/01/2016) to the Thanet District Council (TDC) planning department. In addition
some councils also require that all non-residential buildings undertake a BREEAM Assessment; again this is
not the case with TDC and this has also been confirmed via a phone call (14/01/2016) to the TDC planning
department.
The Draft Thanet Local Plan to 2031 was last revised and released for public consultation in January 2015.
This made mention on the Governments now defunct Zero Carbon policy which required all new homes from
2016 to mitigate, through various measures, all the carbon emissions produced on-site as a result of the
regulated energy use. In mid-2015, this policy was subsequently removed by the Conservative government.
Policy SP30 in the draft plan states that any new development must take account of adapting to climate
change by minimising vulnerability, providing resilience to the impacts of climate change and complying with
the Governments Zero Carbon Policy as well as by mitigating against climate change by reducing emissions.
In summary there are no specific local requirements with regards to energy efficiency in buildings.
II.
BUILDING REGULATIONS (PART L)
All new buildings constructed in the UK must meet the minimum requirements of the UK Building Regulations.
Specifically with regards to energy and carbon compliance, all buildings must meet the building regulations
Part L Target Emission Rate (TER) requirements for the Part L revision which is current at the time of initial
construction works for each particular developmental phase. The requirements of Part L 2013 will apply to the
Site. This includes the requirement for the dwellings to meet the new Target Fabric Energy Efficiency
standards (TFEEs) introduced set out in AD L1A 2013. Similarly the new non-residential elements of the
development will be subject to AD L2A 2013.
Where any buildings are retained and refurbished (as will be the case with the change of use buildings B14,
B14a, B18, B34, B21, B23, B2, B3, B9 and B8 as per Parameter Plan 6) the guidelines will be that as set out
in AD Part L2B 2013 which, depending on the extent of the works, specifies the amount of improvement
required. These buildings are to be retained in order to maintain the heritage of the Site, however it has been
envisaged that that they would also be internally refurbished.
The refurbished element of the works is exempt from the standards set out in ADL2B 2013 with regard to
energy efficiency requirements, where compliance would unacceptably alter the character or
appearance of the buildings. However, guidelines are provided on how thermal elements are expected to
be improved in a reasonable manner. Currently there are no details available on the level of refurbishment
planned for these retained buildings and so no further specific detail can be provided on the energy savings
from this element of the proposals. However it is the general intention that the buildings will be made energy
efficient as far as reasonable practicable, whilst retaining the heritage of the buildings.
III.
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT AMBITIONS
In light of the above, the requirements for this development are to meet the national guidelines as set out in
the Approved Documents in terms of fabric standards and overall CO 2 emissions. The aim of the development
is to meet these requirements and where possible exceed them by 10%. This will be achieved through the
specifying of a combination of improved building fabric, air tightness, clean or green technologies.
Table A-1
USE CLASS
Description
Proposed Development Use classes
A1-A5
B1(A-C)/B2/B8
Retail /
Business, general
restaurants industrial, storage
and distribution
Domestic Outline Element

Commercial Detailed
Element (Phase 1)
Commercial Outline*
3,100 sqm
Commercial Refurbished*
Total
3,100 sqm
C1
Hotels
C2/C3
Dwellings and
residential
institutions
D1/D2
Nonresidential /
leisure
2,500 units
10,224 sqm
68,288 sqm
120 bed
6,488 sqm
85,000 sqm
120 bed
2,500 units
9,671 sqm
excluding 2No.
Primary
schools
1,829 sqm
11,500 sqm
*Note: these elements of the proposal have not been modelled as part of this Energy Strategy, but will be addressed under a separate
Energy Strategy document during the detailed application for each phase. It is assumed that these will mirror the methodology shown in
this document.
This will mean that the commercial and residential residents will benefit from lower bills, reduced CO2
emissions and more efficient properties. The development is committed to ensuring a long term responsibly
designed site which actively contributes to sustainable development; reducing CO2 emissions of the properties
by circa 10% is one way in which this will be achieved.
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Table B-2 summarises the baseline fabric performance of the new residential buildings, while
B.
BASELINE CARBON EMISSIONS
Table B-3 summarises the baseline fabric performance for the new commercial buildings. Table B-4
summarises the baseline carbon emissions for the whole development.
For the residential properties NHER Plan Assessor SAP software was used to establish the baseline
regulated carbon emissions and unregulated carbon emissions. The results for a representative sample of
properties (10 in total) were then pro-rated to calculate the baseline carbon emissions and energy demand for
the dwellings across the whole development. This was calculated using the SAP 2012 reference values
(which sets out a reasonable baseline standard).
As drawings showing the elevations for the new domestic properties are not yet available, appropriate glazing
percentages were used on the facades so that a good balance between favouring daylight levels and
beneficial heat gains in winter and avoiding excessive heat gains in summer could be achieved.
The exact floor areas and housing mix for the domestic units are unknown and yet to be determined. In order
to undertake this energy assessment, a housing mix has been assumed using Thanets latest Strategic
Housing Market Assessment. Similarly, figures from the London Housing Design Guide were used to
determine the floor areas for each of the property types in this study. The actual housing split and floor areas
may differ significantly to the values below. It has also been assumed that there is no difference in the design
between the Affordable and Market homes. The assumptions are shown in the table below.
For the commercial warehouse units floor pans and elevations as per revision A were used, though 20%
of the exposed roof area was estimated for the roof lights (as per NCM modelling guide for
industrial/storage buildings)
For the domestic units, 25% of the floor area was estimated for the windows (guidance from SAP 2012)
Table B-2
Baseline fabric performance New Domestic
ELEMENT
Table B-1
Assumed housing mix and floor areas
ALL
Type
1 Bed
2 Bed
3 Bed
4 Bed+
%
15%
35%
35%
15%
Windows overall U-value (W/m K)
HOUSES
Total
375
875
875
375
%
0%
71%
100%
100%
No.
0
625
875
375
Floor Area
83
96
107
BASELINE FABRIC PERFORMANCE
FLATS
%
100%
29%
0%
0%
No.
375
250
0
0
Floor Area
50
61
-
Party wall U-value (W/m K)

2
0.18
0.13
0.13
Floor U-value (W/m K)

Roof U-value (W/m K)
2
Air permeability (m /hr.m @ 50 Pa)
Table B-3
5.0
Baseline fabric performance New Commercial
ELEMENT
BASELINE FABRIC PERFORMANCE

2
1.6
0.00
This 3D model was based on the detailed element of the application for the commercial buildings i.e. Phase
one new commercial units. The remaining commercial properties (as described in the outline element of the
application) have not been modelled, but this methodology will serve as design intent for the rest of the
development. Similarly, the refurbishment will also not be modelled, but this will be upgraded as far as
practicable to improve efficiency.
External wall U-value (W/m K)
Figure B-1
Roof Light U-value (W/m K)
SBEM model of Unit 1 using IES VE
0.00
Energy modelling was undertaken based on the NCM (National Calculation Methodology) in order to establish
the baseline carbon emissions for the four warehouse units which make up the commercial detailed
application. Any building services installed have complied with the limiting values listed in the relevant NonDomestic Building Services Compliance Guide. WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff utilised a dynamic simulation
software package, the Virtual Environment (VE) suite from Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES). This is a
fully validated commercially available software package that is available for the purpose of demonstrating
compliance with the Building Regulations. IES <VE> is an integrated suite of applications based around a 3D
geometrical model.
1.4
0.26
0.22
0.18

2.2
5.0
Table B-4
Overall baseline regulated and unregulated carbon emissions
BUILDING
REGULATIONS
PART L 2013 COMPLIANT
DEVELOPMENT
Domestic (outline application)
Commercial (new detailed
application)
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REGULATED EMISSIONS
(TCO2)
UNREGULATED EMISSIONS
(TCO2)
3,383
1,822
253

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D.
BE LEAN: REDUCE ENERGY DEMAND

The Proposed Development will incorporate a number of relevant energy conservation measures; the benefits
of which are discussed below. In summary the following measures will be included:
Table D-1
Fabric performance targets New Domestic
ELEMENT
FABRIC PERFORMANCE TARGET

2

2
Improved air tightness
High performance building fabric
High performance glazing
1.2
0.00
0.16
0.11
1.11
100% low energy lighting

3
I.
BUILDING FABRIC
The building fabric in all the properties will meet the prevailing minimum requirements in order to meet Part L
of the building requirements. In order to surpass this requirement by our self-imposed target of 10% there are
three options open:
Table D-2
Fabric performance targets New Commercial
ELEMENT
FABRIC PERFORMANCE TARGET

2
1. Through the use of improved building fabric and high efficiency building services only (with no contribution
from renewable or clean technologies).
2. Through the use of standard building fabric to meet minimum requirements, with renewable energy
providing the full 10% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
3. Through a combination of a modest improvements to building fabric and building services, as well as a
small amount of renewable energy.
It is intended that the exact combination of energy efficiency and low carbon technologies will be confirmed at
detailed stages; the most suitable solution may vary through the course of the different construction phases.
Therefore the options shown here are indicative of some of the solutions available and show what is expected.
The current (improved) proposals for the building fabric performance for the Proposed Development are
summarised in Table D-1 and Table D-2.
II.
BUILDING SERVICES
A high performance MEP building services is proposed for the entire residential scheme as well as the
commercial scheme.
Table D-3 lists the general specification for the heating system, lighting and ventilation strategy for the
proposed commercial and residential properties.
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1.4
0.00
0.18
0.13
0.13

2
2.2
Roof Light U-value (W/m K)

3
Table D-3
General heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting specification
ELEMENT
GENERAL SPECIFICATION
Ventilation
Natural ventilation
Internal lighting
100% low energy
Primary heat source
Heat supplied to the refurbished building units by centralised heating

plant with low temperature hot water (LTHW) distribution.
100% of the heat to the housing units be supplied by individual
condensing gas boilers with a minimum 89.5% seasonal efficiency
100% of the heat to the four commercial units be supplied by individual
condensing gas boilers with a minimum 91% seasonal efficiency
Heating controls
Optimum, including weather compensation
Heat emitters
Radiators throughout

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III.
CO2 EMISSIONS REDUCTION
Based upon the energy efficiency measures outlined, and excluding the contribution from any clean or green
technologies the following total carbon emissions are calculated in
Table D-4 and Table D-5. The carbon emissions for the development are shown to be lower than the minimum
requirements of the Building Regulations.
Table D-4
Be Lean: Carbon emissions after the application of energy efficiency measures (domestic)
REGULATED
UNREGULATED
% REDUCTION IN REGULATED
EMISSIONS (TCO2) EMISSIONS (TCO2) CARBON EMISSIONS
Building Regulations Part

L
2013
Compliant
Development
After energy demand
reduction
Table D-5
3,383
1,822
0.0%
3,152
1,822
6.8%
Be Lean: Carbon emissions after the application of energy efficiency measures (commercial)
REGULATED
EMISSIONS (TCO2)
Building Regulations Part

L
2013
Compliant
Development
After energy demand
reduction
% REDUCTION IN REGULATED
CARBON EMISSIONS
252.9
0.0%
251.1
0.7%
Glossary
TER The Target Emissions Rate is the minimum energy performance
requirement for new dwellings and non-dwellings. This is expressed in
annual kg of CO2 per m2
DER The Dwelling Emissions Rate is the predicted energy performance
calculated using the SAP methodology
BER - The Building Emissions Rate is the predicted energy performance
calculated for non-domestic buildings
Regulated Energy Energy use related to building quality such as space
heating, domestic hot water, pumps/fans and non-communal lighting
Unregulated Energy Energy use related to occupancy in particular
through cooking and use of appliances.
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II.
E.
BE CLEAN: SUPPLY ENERGY EFFICIENTLY
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP)
The following low carbon technologies have been investigated for the Proposed Development.
On the basis that the development cannot be supplied directly from a district heating network, in line with the
requirements of Thanet council we have investigated the feasibility of a centralised CHP led LTHW heating
system. If a district heat network was viable, then a CHP unit would have been a potential source of low
carbon heat. As this is not the case, the CHP can only be considered for individual buildings. The most likely
building for the installation of a CHP engine is most likely the 120-bed hotel. This type of property will have a
high, consistent level of domestic water demand (as shown in the example graph below), which is required for
an effective CHP unit. A CHP unit is not recommended for any of the buildings at the development.
District heating network
Figure E-2 shows a typical annual hotel heating profile with the heat contribution from the CHP engines.
After energy demand has been reduced through the application of energy efficiency measures, the next step
is to consider low carbon technologies in order to provide further reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

Figure E-2
I.
Typical Annual heating profile showing provision from a CHP led heating system
DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK
The National Heat Map identifies existing and potential opportunities for decentralised energy projects in
England. Similarly the Kent Renewable Energy Action similarly shows concentrations in thermal demand in
the Thanet Area. No existing district heating systems were identified in the local area for the proposed
development to which it could connect. After considering the thermal demand density of the whole
development it has been judged that a district heat network would not be viable for this site.
At the heart of the development, the density averages 45 dwelling per hectare. Assuming an average of
4,500kWh/year (using Target Fabric Energy Efficiency values for the properties) of heat usage the heat
2
density can be calculated as being slightly more than 20kWh/m making it technically and economically not
viable for this project.
Figure E-1
Excerpt from the Kent Renewable Energy Action Plan showing areas of high heat demand.
III.
CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTION
As no CHP/district heat network is being proposed for the domestic properties or the four commercial
warehouse units which make up the detailed element of the application, the overall carbon emissions for the
development is shown in Table E-1 and is unchanged from the previous stage.
Table E-1
Be Clean: Carbon emissions after the provision of energy efficiency supply measures (domestic)
REGULATED EMISSIONS UNREGULATED
(TCO2)
EMISSIONS (TCO2)
Building Regulations
Part
L
2013
Compliant
Development
After energy demand
reduction
After energy efficient
supply
%
REDUCTION
IN
REGULATED
CARBON
EMISSIONS
3,383
1,822
0.0%
3,152
1,822
6.8%
3,152
1,822
6.8%
Note: this image was produced while the RAF and airport were both still operational.
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F. BE GREEN: RENEWABLE ENERGY

TECHNOLOGIES
Renewable Energy Technologies are those listed below which can provide a source of energy on-site that is
not primarily based on the consumption of fossil fuels or grid electricity and/or utilises a heat source that is
renewable such as ground source and solar thermal systems.
Biomass Heating
Air / Ground Source Heating and/or Cooling
Solar Thermal Hot Water Heating
Photovoltaic Panels
In accordance with the best practice, a number of renewable energy technologies have been evaluated with
regard to how they may be applied to the development.
WIND POWER
Harnessing the kinetic energy of wind can provide a renewable source of onsite
electricity generation. Wind turbines need to be positioned where a frequent and
steady source of wind is available that is not too turbulent or uneven in direction. In
urban areas wind turbines are typically positioned on the roof of buildings that are
significantly higher than their surroundings and or located in open areas where there
is minimum disruption to prevailing winds.
Built up areas are not conducive to most types of wind turbines, however further
towards the edge of the proposed development may be a more suitable location. The
Kent Energy Action Plan also identifies the Site as being potentially suitable for small
scale wind energy. This does not however consider noise or visual impact or
landscape all of which are important in considering wind as a potential source of
energy.
Standalone wind turbines are likely to be unacceptable due to the aesthetic implications it will have on the Site
for a large turbine. These have been discounted for both commercial and residential properties.
II.
A site wide communal system has also been discounted at this stage, although may be viable for the
proposed hotel or schools. Similarly if assisted living accommodation is provided on site then this may also be
suitable for biomass heating. This technology may be viable but is not suitable for the residential units or the 4
units in the phase one scheme, which have a low heating demand, but may be suitable for other commercial
buildings.
III.
Wind Power
I.
are several flue emission abatement technologies which may be employed to reduce emissions even further
(such as ceramic filters, bag filters, electrostatic precipitators etc.).
BIOMASS HEATING
Biomass boilers burn sustainably sourced wood in the form of pellets and chips to
provide low temperature hot water (LTHW). These types of heating plant can work
alongside conventional gas or oil boilers to provide a low carbon heating system.
Although carbon is produced during the burning of the wood, this is made up for
during the growing of the plant where it absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere reducing
net CO2 emissions to a very low level. It is not typically practical on individual
dwellings due to their low thermal demand and so typically serves a communal
heating scheme or commercial/industrial end uses. Biomass fuel has embodied
environmental impacts from transport and fuel combustion which makes it less
desirable in Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs). A review of the potential
impact on air quality from increased wood fuelled biomass use in London has been
carried out by AEA Energy & Environment, and was published in December 2007.
The assessment indicates that potentially increasing the contribution from small-scale wood fuelled biomass
combustion may lead to a substantial increase in nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter concentrations. The
scheme is not located in an AQMA area, although the Thanet Urban AQMA is close to the Site.
GROUND SOURCE HEATING AND/OR COOLING
Heat pumps use electricity to turn low grade heat to a higher temperature suitable for
LTHW applications. They work most effectively when the source temperature
(whether that is the external air, via pipes buried in the ground, or a large body of
water) is at a high temperature while the required output temperature is relatively low
i.e. between 35C and 45C. Some heat pumps can also be reversed to provide
cooling.
Heat pumps produce no emissions at point of use and so do not have an impact on
air quality in the local area. An added benefit is that their carbon emissions reduce as
the electrical grid decarbonises.
Heat pumps are measured by their coefficient of performance (CoP); that is the ratio
of input electricity to the output of heat. Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) generally operate between a CoP of
2.5 and 3, while a good ground or water source heat pump (GSHP / WSHP) may operate between 3.5 4.5.
These CoPs vary considerably depending on the local source temperatures and the building heat distribution
system.
This technology operates most effectively when used to provide space heating via a very low temperature
heating system such as underfloor heating or low temperature radiators. If higher temperatures are required,
the CoP reduces.
As ground temperatures are stable year round, GSHPs provide a consistent level of performance year round.
Whereas the coefficient of performance of air source heat pumps is directly related to the external
temperature. This means the CoP of an ASHP drops in the winter, when demand is greatest but rises in the
summer when heating is not normally required.
WSHPs can be open loop systems, where the source water is passed directly through the heat pump, or a
closed loop system where a plate heat exchanger maintains hydraulic separation between the source water
and water passing through the heat pump. WSHP exploit the heat found in large lakes, flowing rivers or
underground flows. These systems can be more flexible than ground source heat pump systems, but have
other restrictions such as a limit on the temperature of water being rejected or may become inoperable if the
body of water freezes. The CoP of a WSHP can vary with the source temperature but is generally comparable
to GSHPs while having a far smaller space requirement for an equivalent heat output.
The external car parking area adjacent to the four commercial units in Phase 1 could potentially be used to
locate vertical boreholes or shallow horizontal slinkies (below a permeable membrane) to provide all of the
heating and hot water demand to the offices. This technology is however much more costly than some of the
alternatives also suitable for this development and as cooling demand is expected to be minimal or not
required the benefit is reduced.
For these warehouse type buildings, single or multi-split type heat pumps are often found to be a suitable and
low cost technology for providing heating and cooling.
This technology has been discounted for domestic properties, but may be suitable for commercial units.
If air quality is a cause of concern, the MCS list of approved boilers provides a list of approved boilers which
have nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter concentrations below certain set requirements. In addition there
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IV.
SOLAR THERMAL HOT WATER HEATING

Solar thermal hot water (STHW) generation involves capturing solar radiant heat to
preheat or heat domestic hot water.
Correctly located and orientated, solar thermal systems can meet a proportion of a
buildings domestic hot water dependent on the expected demand profile and
available space for locating STHW panels.
VII.
CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTION
All renewable energy technologies which may be considered feasible for the scheme have been assessed,
the outcomes of which are summarised above. From that exercise, it was concluded that PV was the most
suitable for inclusion in the proposals; it being the most cost effective solution.
Table F-2
Be Green: Carbon emissions by installing a Solar PV system domestic
Although STHW normally only takes up a small proportion of roof space, it will be
competing for roof space against solar PV which can provide a larger carbon saving
for the amount of capital employed, making it the preferred choice.
On that basis STHW is a potential suitable technology but not proposed for inclusion
within the scheme for either commercial or domestic units.
V.
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
Photovoltaic panels (PV) generate electricity from sunlight which can either be
consumed on site, or exported to the grid.
The feasibility of providing photovoltaic (PV) panels has been assessed based upon
estimated energy production (kWh) from the installed location along with
manufacturers cost data to enable a life cycle cost analysis to be undertaken. Panels
correctly oriented, maintained and not obscured by shading can be expected to
provide in the region of 875kWh/kWp in Manston. For the four commercial units in
Phase 1, as the roof is assumed to be shallower and not perfectly facing south, the
generation is expected to be closer to 800kWh/kWp.
For the residential units, a 240kWp system distributed across the homes could
potentially generate 210,000 kWh of electricity per annum. This could take the form of 240 housing units each
with a minimum 1kWp system each. As only a small proportion of the properties will be installed with solar
panels, only the most suitable locations can be chosen to maximise generation potential.
For the four commercial units in Phase 1, 60kWp in total (generating 48,180kWh) will be required to reduce
carbon emission the remaining amount to below 10% under Part L requirements.
VI.
SUITABILITY APPRAISAL
All renewable energy technologies which may be considered feasible for the scheme have been assessed,
the outcomes of which are summarised below:
Table F-1
REGULATED EMISSIONS UNREGULATED

(TCO2)
EMISSIONS (TCO2)
Part
L
2013
Compliant
Development
After energy demand
reduction
supply
After
renewable
energy
%
REDUCTION
IN
REGULATED
CARBON
EMISSIONS
3,383
1,822
0.0%
3,152
1,822
6.8%
3,152
1,822
6.8%
3,043
1,822
10.0%
An alternative solution was also investigated. By not undertaking any improvements to building fabric beyond
notional values, the 10% improvement required could be made up entirely through the use of solar PV. In this
scenario 665kWp in total would be required for the residential scheme in order to reduce carbon emissions
across the 2,500 units below 10% of Part L.
Table F-3
Be Green: Carbon emissions by installing a Solar PV system commercial

REGULATED EMISSIONS %
REDUCTION
IN
(TCO2)
REGULATED
CARBON
EMISSIONS
Part
L
2013
Compliant
Development
After energy demand
reduction
supply
After
renewable
energy
252.9
0.0%
251.1
0.7%
251.1
0.7%
226.0
10.6%
Renewable technology suitability appraisal
TECHNOLOGY
Wind
APPRAISAL
Not suitable at realistic scale.
Potentially suitable for hotel or assisted accommodation, but not suggested at this
Biomass
point in time for the residential or industrial units
Heat Pumps
Potentially suitable (particularly split units), but not suggested at this point in time
This is not seen as technically suitable for commercial due to a predicted low hot
Solar Thermal
water demand.
Photovoltaic Panels This has been identified as the most suitable technology
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Figure G-2 Summary of the estimated carbon emissions reductions for the commercial element
RESULTS
400.0
Regulated CO2 emissions (tonnes/annum)
350.0
The three principal steps taken; Be Lean (Use Less Energy), Be Clean (Supply Energy Efficiently) and finally
Be Green (Renewable Technology measures) are summarised below. The CO2 savings over the target
(Building Regulations compliant) CO2 emissions for the domestic element of the Proposed Development are
calculated to be 339.7 TCO2 per annum, while for the four commercial units in the detailed element of the
application would save a further 25.3 TCO2 per annum.
Energy
Efficiency
300.0
60kWp
Solar PV
Part L 2013
Project Target
250.0
200.0
I.
ENERGY CONSERVATION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY (BE LEAN)
150.0
Through the application of the measures identified in Section C, the regulated carbon emissions are shown to
be 3,152 TCO2 per annum for the domestic scheme and 251 TCO2 per annum for the commercial elements.
II.
SUPPLY ENERGY EFFICIENTLY (BE CLEAN)
The application of low carbon technologies has been explored.

There are no district heating networks in the immediate area, and the installation of one for the housing
development is not technically or commercially viable. Similarly the use of CHP doesnt not provide a viable
solution for the residential or commercial units examined here, but may be suitable for other properties in the
outline application.
III.
100.0
50.0
Baseline
Be Lean
Be Clean
Be Green
The proposals for the Site outlined within this energy strategy are considered to maximise the potential carbon
savings which can be achieved on site through the provision of:
A highly efficient building fabric and building services plant.
RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGY (BE GREEN)
100% low energy lighting to dwellings and maximised use of LED and low energy fixtures elsewhere.
The feasibility of a range of renewable technologies has been assessed. A solar PV system with a total
generation capacity for the domestic scheme of 210,000 kWh/annum (circa 240kWp / 1,560sqm) is proposed.
A roof top PV system with a total generation capacity for the commercial scheme of 48,180 kWh/annum (circa
60kWp / 390sqm) is proposed.
A Solar PV system to offset carbon on the new build element of the scheme.
Overall, the Proposed Development is expected to achieve a 10% reduction in carbon emissions compared to
the Part L 2013 targets. This is to be used as indicative for the entire site, although the ways in which each
phase will reach this requirement may change and the combination of building fabric improvements and
energy efficiency measures will vary as designs are developed.
Figure G-1 Summary of the estimated carbon emissions reductions for the domestic element
Table G-1
Regulated carbon dioxide savings from each stage of the energy hierarchy for residential units
carbon
3,500.0
Regulated CO2 emissions (tonnes/annum)
G.
3,400.0
Part L 2013
3,300.0
Energy
Efficiency
3,200.0
240 kWp
Solar PV

230.7
0
109.0
339.7
6.8%
0%
3.5%
10.0%
338.3
10%
1.4
0.0%
Annual Surplus
dioxide
3,100.0
Project Target
Table G-2
Regulated carbon dioxide savings from each stage of the energy hierarchy for commercial units
3,000.0

carbon
2,900.0
2,800.0
Baseline
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Be Lean
Be Clean
Be Green

1.8
0
25.1
26.9
25.3
10%
Annual Surplus
1.6
0.6%
dioxide
0.7%
0%
9.9%
10.6%

Project No 70009799
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H.
EXAMPLE SAP WORKSHEETS - PROPOSED
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I. EXAMPLE BRUKL DOCUMENT - PROPOSED
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Stone Hill Park

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SHP2016 - Energy and Sustainability Statement

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SHP1-8

A brighter future for

LIVE WORK PLAY

STONE HILL PARK

STONE HILL PARK

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................... 3

PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................ 5

URBAN DESIGN ................................................................................ 6

ENERGY & CARBON ......................................................................... 7

APPENDIX ENERGY STRATEGY ............................................................... 15

Thanet Local Plan ......................................................................................................... 16

Building Regulations (Part L) ........................................................................................ 16

Proposed DEVELOPMENT Ambitions ......................................................................... 16

BASELINE CARBON EMISSIONS ................................................... 17

BE LEAN: REDUCE ENERGY DEMAND......................................... 18

SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE ............................................................. 10

Building fabric ............................................................................................................... 18

Building services ........................................................................................................... 18

Co2 Emissions Reduction ............................................................................................. 19

BE CLEAN: SUPPLY ENERGY EFFICIENTLY ............................... 20

District Heating Network ............................................................................................... 20

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) ............................................................................... 20

Carbon Emissions Reduction ....................................................................................... 20

WASTE & RECYCLING ................................................................... 11

POLICY CONTEXT ........................................................................... 16

Stone Hill Park

BE GREEN: RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ................. 21

Wind Power .................................................................................................................. 21

Biomass Heating .......................................................................................................... 21

Ground Source Heating and/or Cooling ....................................................................... 21

Solar Thermal Hot Water Heating ................................................................................ 22

Photovoltaic Panels ...................................................................................................... 22

Suitability Appraisal ...................................................................................................... 22

Carbon Emissions Reduction ....................................................................................... 22

Energy Conservation and energy efficiency (Be Lean) ................................................ 23

Supply Energy Efficiently (Be Clean) ........................................................................... 23

Renewable Technology (Be Green) ............................................................................. 23

EXAMPLE SAP WORKSHEETS - PROPOSED ............................... 24

EXAMPLE BRUKL DOCUMENT - PROPOSED .............................. 27

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff

Stone Hill Park

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff

1. Living Within Environmental Limits

4. Using Sound Science Responsibly

development that meets the needs

Put simply, this it means breaking

2. Ensuring a Strong, Healthy and Just Society

5. Promoting Good Governance.

It is when these three elements come together

Stone Hill Park

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff

Stone Hill Park

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff

building use classes covering B1,

Stone Hill Park

As with traditional towns, the layout

In the document World Class Places The Governments

Provision of green space and green infrastructure;

At the key road junction of the high

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff

Use of clean or renewable technologies

ENERGY & CARBON

Total Target Savings