AllPartnersnames:Roii,Marek,Justin,andHamza

DateofExperiment:1/11/16
DateofLaboratoryReport:1/13/16

TitleofExperiment

(REMEMBER:DontuseIYOUWEOURorMYUsetheitaandthis.)

INTRODUCTION
Inyourownwords,writeanintroductoryparagraphdescribingwhatwasbeingtestedintheexperimentandexplain
thebasicscientificconceptstheexperimentistesting(usethevocabularyconnectedtothetopic).Forexample,you
mightbeginyourintroductionlikethis:
Inthisexperiment,
(Explainwhatwasbeingtestedandwhattheexpected
outcomewas)
.
Then,describeanybackgroundinformationregardingthislabthatgivesthereadercontext(what
concepts/vocabularydoesthereaderneedtoknowinordertounderstandtheresults?Explainthemin1or2
sentences.)Finally,connecttheexperimentbrieflytoareallifesituationsothereadercanpersonallyconnecttothe
topic(onesentenceherewilldoyouwillexplainthisfurtherinthereallifesection).

DONOTSUMMARIZETHEPROCEDURE
DONOTCOPYTHEBACKGROUNDFROMANYLABHANDOUT

PROBLEM
Whatistheeffectofdifferentmaterialsonthechangeofmassinthematerials,whenexposedtoacidicconditions
overtime.

HYPOTHESIS
IftheLimestoneisexposedtoacid,thenthemasswillchangetheleast,becausewhensomematerialsareexposed
toacid,thematerialresistsacidicexposure.

VARIABLES
IndependentVariable:
Typeofmaterial(Limestone,Granite,andStone)
DependentVariable:
ChangeinMass(g)
Constants:
AmountofVinegarused(100mL)
pHofVinegar
Massofthematerial(surfacearea)
Control:
Samematerialssoakedindistilledwater,insteadofvinegar.

MATERIALS

Makeabulletedlistofallmaterialsyouusedintheexperiment(eveniftheywerentonthehandout)
Includethemeasurements(numbers,mass,volume,length,etc)ofmaterialsused
Limestone(50g)
Marble(50g)
Granite(50g)
250mLbeaker
Graduatedcylinder
DistilledVinegar(AceticAcid)(?)
pHindicator
pHmeter(digital)
DistilledWater(?)
Digitalscale
Papertowels

SAFETY

Weareyeprotection

Don'tpusheachother
Washyourhands

PROCEDURE
1. Presoakallrocksamplesindistilledwaterforatleast24hours.
2. Chooseasampleofrockfromthedistilledwaterandpatdrywithpapertowels.
3. Placetherocksampleonazeroedscale.Addrremoverocksamplesuntilthetotalmassreaches50g
(+/)
4. RecordinitialmassinDataTable1
5. Placetherocksamplesintotheproperlylabeled250mLbeaker.
6. Usingagraduatedcylinder,measureout100mLofvinegarandpourintothelabeledbeakerwiththe
rocksample(replacevinegarwithdistilledwaterforthecontrolgroup).
7. Pourasmallsampleofvinegarandasmallsampleofdistilledwaterintotwoseparatebeakers(samples
comefromtheoriginalsolution)
8. MeasureeachsolutionspHwithadigitalpHmeterandwith5dropsofUniversalIndicatorsolution(
UsethecolorchartprovidedtodeterminetheinitialpHcolor)
9. RecordinitialpHandinitialpHcolorinDataTable1.
10. Allowtherocksamplestosoakinvinegaranddistilledwaterfor4days
11. Removeallrocksamplesfromthebeakerusingapairoftweezersandplaceonadrypapertowel
12. Patallsamplesdrywithpapertowel.
13. Placeallsamplesonazeroedscale.
14. RecordfinalmassofsamplesinDataTable1
15. Repeatsteps8&9using10dropsofindicator.

CleanupProcedure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Returntherocksamplestothecorrectbeakerbythescales.
Discardofsolutioninthewastebeakerinthehood
Removetapefromthebeakerandthrowaway
Washanddrybeakerandtweezersandreturntolabcart.
Discardofpapertowelsinthetrashbin.
Washhandswithsoapandwater
Returngogglestocabinet.


8. Standatyourlabtableforsafetycheckbyteacher.

RESULTSMarekandJustin
DataTable1:TheEffectofVinegarontheMassesofDifferentRockSamples
RockSample
Type
Granite
Limestone
Marble
Granite
Limestone
Marble

MassofRockSamples
afterVinegar(g)
47.1g
43.7g
46.3g
51.8g
48.1g
51.9g

CalculationsMarek
Thecalculationsweredonebysubtractingtheinitialmassfromthefinalmass.Forexample,theinitialmassforthe
limestoneinvinegarwas47.7gramsandthefinalmasswas43.7.So47.743.7=4grams.

Forexample:

Formula:Trial1+Trial2+Trial3+=Total#ofTrials=Average
Calculation:5+4+5+6=204=5(lbs)

Graph1:AverageWeightforPacificSalmonSpecies

Youcancopyandpastethegraphfromanexcelfileorfromagooglesheetsfile.Besurethatthegraphhasa
descriptivetitle
,XandY
axislabels

withunits
,
correcttype
ofgraphisused(bar,line,orscatter),andhasaclear
andcorrect
legend
.Graphsshouldbeformattedonthepageneatly(
directlybelowtheirtitle,cleartext,large
enoughtosee,inthecorrectsection/orderofthereport,notsplitormissinglabelsonanotherpage,etc
).
CONCLUSIONMarek,Hamza


Ourhypothesis,limestonewillnotlosethemostmass,wasincorrect.Thedatashowsthatgranitewasthe
bestmaterialtouseforastatuebecauseithadtheleastmasslostinvinegar.

Thedatainthisexperimentdoesnotsuggestthatthethehypothesisiscorrect.Thelimestoneinvinegars
initialmasswas47.7gramsandhadafinalmassof43.7,thechangeinmasswas4grams.Graniteinvinegarhada
initialmassof51.8gramsandhadafinalmassof51.8andhadnochangeinmass.Themarbleinvinegarhadan
initialmassof50.1andhadafinalmassof46.3anda3.8gramchangeinmass.Thecontrolgroup,therocksin
distilledwater,hadlessofamasschange.Thelimestoneinwaterhadaninitialmassof48.2gramsandthefinal
masswas48.1,thechangeinmasswas0.1.Thegraniteindistilledwaterhadaninitialmassof51.8andafinal
massof51.8gramswithnochangeinmass.Marbleindistilledwaterhadaninitialmassof52gramsandthefinal
masswas51.9gramswith0.1gramchangeinmass.

Granitehadnochangeinmassinvinegarordistilledwater.Graniteisthestrongestmaterialbecause
wouldn'taccordingtothedata,theirwasnochangeinmasscomparedtoalltheothermaterialstested.Limestone
andMarblehadadecreaseinmass,meaningthatthematerialwouldgetweakerandweaker.Ontheotherhand,
Granitehadnochangeatall,showingthatthismaterialwouldntgetweakandcollapse,unlikeLimestoneand
Marble.

Supportwithdata(3ormoresentences):
First,
explainALLdata
(numbers)fromthedatatable&graphthat
ledto
eithersupporting

orrejectingthehypothesis.
ItisOKtorejectthehypothesisbutyouhavetosupportitwith
DATA.Refertothegraphasevidencetobackupyourjudgmentaboutthehypothesis.
Forexample,Thedata
tableshowsthatkingsalmonandchumweigh,onaverage,15pounds,butsilverfishweigh12pounds,sockeye
weigh8pounds,andhumpbackweigh5poundsonaverage.Thisdoesnotsupportthehypothesisthatallpacific
salmonweighthesamebecauseeachofthespeciesmeasuredshowedadifferentaverageweight.Theonly
exceptionwaskingsalmonandchum,whichbothwerefoundtohaveanaverageweightof15pounds.
If
available,comparetheclassdatatoyourdata.Arethereanyoutliers(trialswhichseemnottofollowatrend)?Ifso,
providealogicalreasonastowhythisdatashouldorshouldnotberemovedfromthesetandwhatcouldhave
causedittobeanoutlier.Inthiscase,youwouldsay
therearenoobviousoutliersinthedata.

Explainthescientificreasoning(3ormoresentences):

Inthis(
MOSTIMPORTANT)
section,useyour
understandingofthe
scientificconcept
ofthislabtoexplainwhatthedataissaying,evenifyourhypothesiswas
unsupported.Forexample,

Kingsalmonandchumsalmonweighsignificantlymorethanhumpbacksalmon
becausetheirmatinghabitsdiffersignificantly.Kingandchumsalmonarerequiredtotravelafartherdistanceto
mateandtherefore,haveevolvedastheneedforsizeandstrengthbecamenecessaryforthemtomatesuccessfully.
Humpbacksalmontravelashorterdistancetomateandalsotravelupsmallerstreams,requiringthemtobe
smallerinsizetomate.Thisexplainsclearlywhykingandchumsalmonwouldweigh15poundsonaverageand
humpbacksalmonwouldweighonly5poundsonaverage.
Inotherwords,explain,usingscientificconcepts,the
whytheresultswerewhattheywere.(Thisiswheretheclassnotes,becausestatements,andbackgroundresearch
relatetothedatathatwascollected)

VALIDITYRoii
Usetheparagraphdescriptionsbelowtohelpyououtlineaclearevaluationofthedatasvalidity.Usethenotes
youjotteddownafterlabtohelpyoubrainstorm.Leave12spacesbetweeneachsection(improvementsand
constants)forclearerformatting.

Oneimprovementthatcouldbemadeismoretrialssotheycouldgetridofoutliars


Improvementwithexplanations:
Inoneparagraph,identifyoneimprovementthatcouldbemadetothe
experimentaldesign
(meaningthemethodsusedintheprocedure,notinregardstoerrorinyouractionsduring
lab).Whatcouldbeimprovedinthemethodsofmeasurementinordertomakethedatamorevalid?What
additionalmaterialsorapparatuswouldbeusefulinmakingthisdatamorevalid?Questionsyoumightaskofthe
exampleexperimentare:werethesalmonallmeasuredhangingorflatonthetable?Weretheydriedfirst?Didthe
salmonalleatshortlybeforebeingweighed?Howmanyfishwereusedtocalculatetheaverage(numberoftrials)?
Thesearethetypesofthingsyouwanttofocusonimproving,
notonanyhumanerror.
Forexample,theperson
measuringthefishdoesnotmakeadifferencebecauseanyoneshouldbeabletoperformthesamemeasurement
andproducethesameresults.Assumeallmaterials(scales,thermometers,rulers,andglassware)arecalibrated.
Materialsusedarenotconstants,onlywhatyouDOwiththem.
Dontforgetto
explainhowimprovingadesign
flawwouldincreasethevalidityofthedata.Forexample,ifleftunchanged,whatmightitdotochangethedata
collected?Wouldthemass/volume/temperatureincreaseordecreaseunnaturallyandwhy?
Constantswithexplanations
:
Inasecondparagraph,identifyatleastthree(3)variablesheldconstantinthe
experimentandexplainhowkeepingeachofthesevariablesconstanthelpedtoincreasethevalidityofthedata(an
explanationisrequiredofeachconstant).Toexplainhowtheconstantsaffectthedata,answerthisquestion:if
allowedtochange,whatmightthatvariabledotochangethedatacollected?Wouldthemass/volume/temperature
increaseordecreaseunnaturallyandwhy?