CHE311"FractionalDistillation"

InterpretationofResultsandtheReport
Followthesameformatthatwasusedinwritingthereportfortheexerciseon
simpledistillationofasingleliquid.
Of particular importance in the interpretation of your observations is a
comparison ofthesimpledistillation ofthemixture withthedistillation ofthesame
mixturethroughafractionatingcolumn. Atabulationoftemperaturevolumedatafor
eachdistillationservesasthebasisfortheconstructionoftwographs,oneforthesimple
andoneforthefractionaldistillation.
Somecommentontheefficacyofthedistillation usingthecolumnshouldbe
offered. For example, the data you obtained may have indicated that the fractions
collectedweremixtures,althoughofdifferentcompositionthantheoriginal. Thusan
idealseparationmaynothavebeenachievedbecauseofdeficienciesintheapparatus(or
your technique?). Some recommendations about improvement of the fractionation
assemblyandconductofthedistillationaretheninorder.Theprimarypurposeofthe
experimentwasnotadeterminationoftheboilingpointsofthecomponents,sodonot
dwellontheaspectofit.
Remember, too, that it is not necessary to go into great detail in either the
preliminarydiscussionortheExperimentalsectionaboutthesimpledistillationprocedure
usedinthisexperiment.Itissufficienttostatethatthemixturewassubjectedtoasimple
distillationandtogivetheresultsofthatoperation. Afullaccountofthefractional
distillation, includingdetails oftheapparatus used,shouldbegiven sinceitis being
reportedbyyouforthefirsttime.
1.Asbefore:Title(specific),YourName,Date,CHE3110X
2.Inyourownwords,explainhowfractionaldistillationworkstoseparatevolatile
liquids.
3.Inoneortwosentences,summarizewhatyoudidinthisexperiment.
4.Makeatableofthedatayoucollected.
5.Attachagraph(neatandprofessionalonmmgraphpaperorcomputer)ofthestill
headtemp.vs.volumecollectedforthesimpledistillation.Onthesamegraph,plotthe
dataforthefractionaldistillationinadifferentcolor.
6.Describetheresultsyouobtainedfromthesimpleandfractionaldistillation.Seeif
youcanputintowordsthedatathatyoucollectedandtheresultantgraph.
7.Whatconclusionscanyoumakefromtheresultsofyourexperiment?Comparethe
twomethodsforefficacy.Ifyouhaveanopinion,backitupwithdata.Seeprevious
page.

8.Answerthefollowingquestions:
a.WhatisRaoultsLaw?
b.WhatisDaltonsLaw?
c.DescribehowRaoultsandDaltonsLawsrelatetofractionaldistillationasa
separationtechnique.
d.Whatsthedifferencebetweenapackedcolumnandanunpackedcolumnafractional
distillation?
e.Whatisatheoreticalplate?
f.Onpage747ofyourlabtextisatemperaturecompositiondiagramformixturesoftwo
compounds,A&B.
(1)Fromthegraph,whataretheboilingpointsofpureA&pureB?
(2)Foramixturethatcontains50mole%Aand50mole%B,whatistheboiling
point?Whatisthecompositionofthefirstdistillateandifthisdistillatewereto
becondensed,whatattemperaturewoulditboil?Whatisthecompositionofthe
vaporatthistemperature?
(3)Foraboilingmixtureat60oC,whatisthecompositionofthevaporandthe
compositionoftheliquid?
g.Atwhatpointdoyouchangereceiversduringafractionaldistillationifyouaretrying
toseparatethecomponents?
h.Whatobservationsduringasimpledistillationwouldcauseyoutoredothedistillation
usingafractionatingcolumn?
9.Attachnotebookcarboncopies.