GLASS-LINED STEEL PROCESS EQUIPMENT

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

This document is restricted. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent of Shell Global
Solutions International B.V. and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., The Netherlands. The copyright of this document is vested in these companies. All
rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means
(electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owners.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 2
PREFACE
DEPs (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of:
Shell Global Solutions International B.V. (Shell GSI)
and
Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. (SIEP)
and
Shell International Chemicals B.V. (SIC)
and
other Service Companies.
They are based on the experience acquired during their involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities, and they are supplemented with the experience of Group Operating
companies. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is made to, international, regional, national and industry
standards.
The objective is to set the recommended standard for good design and engineering practice applied by Group
companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling installation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other
such facility, and thereby to achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to users for their consideration and decision to implement.
This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each locality.
The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual operating companies to adapt the
information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs they shall be solely responsible for the quality of work and the
attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirements not specifically
covered, the Principal will expect them to follow those design and engineering practices which will achieve the same
level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting
from his own responsibility, consult the Principal or its technical advisor.
The right to use DEPs is granted by Shell GSI, SIEP or SIC, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with
companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI,
SIEP, SIC or another Group Service Company. Consequently, three categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished:
1)

Operating companies having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI, SIEP, SIC or other Service Company. The
use of DEPs by these operating companies is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant
Service Agreement.

2)

Other parties who are authorized to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part
of a Service Agreement or otherwise).

3)

Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2)

which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said
users comply with the relevant standards.

Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI, SIEP
and SIC disclaim any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company
or person whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP,
combination of DEPs or any part thereof, even if it is wholly or partly caused by negligence on the part of Shell GSI,
SIEP or other Service Company. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to Shell GSI, SIEP, SIC and/or
any company affiliated to these companies that may issue DEPs or require the use of DEPs.
Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall
not, without the prior written consent of Shell GSI and SIEP, be disclosed by users to any company or person
whomsoever and the DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user.
They shall be returned after use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written
consent of Shell GSI, SIEP or SIC. The copyright of DEPs vests in Shell GSI and SIEP. Users shall arrange for DEPs to
be held in safe custody and Shell GSI, SIEP or SIC may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to
ascertain how users implement this requirement.
All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................4
SCOPE........................................................................................................................4
DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS .........4
DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................4
CROSS-REFERENCES .............................................................................................5
SUMMARY OF CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS EDITION .........................................5
COMMENTS ON THIS DEP .......................................................................................5

2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

MATERIALS ...............................................................................................................6
GENERAL ...................................................................................................................6
CARBON STEEL ........................................................................................................6
LINING MATERIAL .....................................................................................................6
GASKETS ...................................................................................................................7

3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE ................................................................................8

DESIGN ......................................................................................................................8
MANUFACTURE ........................................................................................................8
CONNECTIONS .........................................................................................................8
TOLERANCES............................................................................................................9
DEFECTS ...................................................................................................................9

4.
4.1
4.2
4.3

TESTING, INSPECTION AND DOCUMENTATION ................................................11

TESTING...................................................................................................................11
INSPECTION ............................................................................................................11
DOCUMENTATION ..................................................................................................12

5.
5.1
5.2

REPAIR PROCEDURE ............................................................................................14

REPAIR PLUGS .......................................................................................................14
IMPURITIES..............................................................................................................15

6.
6.1
6.2
6.3

PACKAGING, TRANSPORTATION AND INSPECTION ........................................16

GENERAL .................................................................................................................16
PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION..................................................................16
ARRIVAL INSPECTION............................................................................................16

7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5

INSTALLATION........................................................................................................17
GENERAL .................................................................................................................17
CONNECTIONS .......................................................................................................17
BOLTING ..................................................................................................................17
WELDING .................................................................................................................17
MARKING .................................................................................................................17

8.
8.1
8.2
8.3

OPERATION.............................................................................................................18
THERMAL SHOCK ...................................................................................................18
ACID SPILLS ............................................................................................................18
STEAM HAMMER.....................................................................................................18

9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR........................................................19

MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................19
INSPECTION ............................................................................................................19
REPAIRS ..................................................................................................................19
CLEANING OF THE JACKET SPACE .....................................................................19

10.

REFERENCES .........................................................................................................20

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 4
1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1

SCOPE
This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the manufacture,
inspection and supply of process equipment, and components made of glass-lined carbon
steel. Typical operating temperature for glass-lined steel process equipment is from -25 C
to +230 C.
This DEP specifies the quality requirements and the tests to be carried out by the
Manufacturer as well as the necessary actions for repairing defects. Installation, operation
and maintenance aspects are also included in the scope of this DEP.
This DEP is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated July 1998; a summary of the
main changes is given in (1.5).

1.2

DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorized by Shell GSI and SIEP, the distribution of this DEP is confined
to companies forming part of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group or managed by a Group
company and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers nominated by them.
This DEP is intended for use in oil refineries, chemical plants, gas plants, exploration and
production facilities and, where applicable supply/marketing installations.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process should be
implemented; this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable as regards safety, economic and legal aspects. In all cases the Contractor shall
inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this document which is
considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local regulations. The
Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned with the object of obtaining
agreement to follow this document as closely as possible.

1.3

DEFINITIONS

1.3.1

General definitions
The Contractor is the party which carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction and commissioning or management of the project or operation of
a facility. The Principal may sometimes undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party which manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party which initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and
construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical requirements. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant, authorised to act for, and on behalf of the
Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.

1.3.2

Specific definitions
Glass-lined steel

Composite material produced by smelting a vitreous and enamel

coat onto a steel substrate.

Thermal shock

Sudden change of temperature resulting from contact with a

shock medium (heating or cooling).

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 5
1.4

CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section
number is shown in brackets. Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (10).

1.5

SUMMARY OF CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS EDITION

The previous edition of this DEP was dated July 1998; a summary of the main changes
since the last edition is given below.
Section

1.6

Change

General

- Increased alignment with ISO Standards, EN Standards and DEPs

- Rearranged Chapters and Sections

Appendices
1, 2 and 3

Have been removed, and partly integrated in the updated Chapters

COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be sent to the DEP Administrator at standards@shell.com.
Shell staff may also post comments on this DEP on the Surface Global Network (SGN)
under the Standards/DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen. folder. The DEP Administrator and DEP Author
monitor these folders on a regular basis.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 6
2.

MATERIALS

2.1

GENERAL
As glass lining for process equipment and components, a vitreous and porcelain enamel,
normally with a thickness in the range from 1 mm to 2 mm, is applied by smelting onto a
steel substrate.

2.2

CARBON STEEL
Unalloyed and low-allow carbon steels, suitable for glass lining, with a minimum yield
2
strength of 210 N/mm , shall be used as base material in accordance with
DEP 30.10.02.11-Gen.
The carbon steel equipment shall be in accordance with the design codes specified by the
Principal.

2.3

LINING MATERIAL

2.3.1

General
Glass-lining enamels include all-vitreous enamel, all-semi crystalline enamal, vitreous
enamel on a semi-crystalline intermediate layer, and semi-crystalline enamel on a vitreous
intermediate layer.
The Manufacturer shall specify the composition of the enamel lining and the colour.
The main criteria for assessing enamel quality are resistance to chemical attack and
thermal shock, and the structure of the enamel lining.

2.3.2

Chemical resistance
The glass lining material shall meet the following corrosion resistance requirements:
1. Corrosion rate in hydrochloric acid, tested in accordance with ISO 2743 or
EN 14483-2, shall be not greater than 0.08 mm per year;
2. Corrosion rate in sodium hydroxide solutions, tested in accordance with ISO 2745
or EN 14483-4, shall be not greater than 0.40 mm per year. The ratio of the volume
of attacking sodium hydroxide solution in cubic centimetres to the exposed enamel
surface in square centimetres shall be 3.5.

2.3.3

Thermal shock resistance

The thermal shock resistance depends on several factors, including the physical properties
of the enamel, material characteristics of the steel, design of the apparatus, enamelling
process, and the service conditions.
For glass-lined steel, a distinction is drawn between a thermal shock on the glass-lined side
(e.g. filling of a process vessel) and a thermal shock on the steel side (e.g. heating and
cooling of a process vessel). This DEP applies to operating temperatures from -25 C to
+ 230 C. Exceeding this temperature range shall be subject to the approval of the
Principal. The Manufacturer shall define the thermal shock limits (heating and cooling), and
provide thermal shock diagrams for the glass-lined system in accordance with
prEN 15159-3.
The measure for thermal shock resistance is the crack formation temperature, tested
according to ISO 13807. The crack formation temperature for glass lining used in process
vessels shall be at least 190 C.
For enamels used in components, e.g. agitators, baffles, pumps, and piping, the crack
formation temperature shall be at least 170 C.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 7
2.4

GASKETS
Gaskets shall be 100 % bi-axially expanded PTFE (known as "e-PTFE"), manufactured
from 100 % virgin PTFE, without any addition of pigments or fillers, in accordance with
ISO 13000.
The use of other gasket materials shall be subject to the approval of the Principal.
The gasket material shall be compatible with the fluid over the full design temperature
range. Chemical resistance and temperature limits for non-metallic materials, including
PTFE, and several elastomer seal materials shall be in accordance with
DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 8
3.

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

3.1

DESIGN
The design shall be in accordance with the purchase order unless the components are the
Manufacturer's standard items, in which case the Manufacturer shall submit fully detailed
descriptions and drawings for checking and approval by the Principal. The Manufacturer
shall be responsible for the appropriate design and construction.

3.2

MANUFACTURE

3.2.1

Glass lining

3.2.1.1

General
The type of enamel and, if relevant, the colour shall be subject to the approval of the
Principal.
The characteristic composition of individual enamel layers shall correspond with specimen
submitted for laboratory testing.
The Manufacturer shall confirm that the type(s) of enamel selected is/are suitable for the
application stated by the Principal.
The glass lining shall have a uniform, smooth and fully fused surface, free from impurities
(see 3.5.3).

3.2.1.2

Lining thickness
The thickness of glass lining on steel substrate shall range from 1.0 mm to 2.2 mm, and the
maximum value may be exceeded by 0.2 mm on concave surfaces.
The glass lining may be 0.2 mm thinner than the specified minimum values in limited areas
on concave surfaces.
Linings on small parts with a radius less than 5 mm, e.g. valve-stems or pump rotors, shall
have a minimum thickness of 0.6 mm.
Any changes in thickness shall be gradual.

3.2.2

Steel surface preparation

The steel surface to be lined shall be smooth, clean and free from pitting, cavities, porosity,
scale or other deposits and shall be blast-cleaned to a surface finish corresponding to
Sa 2 in accordance with ISO 8501-1. Directly after blast cleaning of the steel substrate,
the grit, dust, etc. shall be removed.

3.2.3

External surface protection

After completion of the glass lining, the steel parts shall painted externally in accordance
with DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.

3.3

CONNECTIONS

3.3.1

Flanges
Connections with glass-lined equipment and/or piping shall be flanged. The type of flanges
shall be in accordance with the equipment design code and/or the piping class, as specified
by the Principal.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 9
3.3.2

Gaskets
The expanded PTFE gasket material (2.4) shall suit the pressure, temperature and
chemical resistance capabilities of the process equipment and piping. The minimum
thickness of the gasket should be 3 mm.

3.4

TOLERANCES
General tolerances shall be as follows:
Vessels

DIN 28005

Agitator vessels

DIN 28006

Columns

DIN 28007

Concentricity of impellers
and pump rotors

DIN 28161

Piping, flanges

DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen

3.5

DEFECTS

3.5.1

General
Defects shall be examined visually as described in (4.2).

3.5.2

Unrepairable defects
Defects unacceptable in the finished product, and which shall justify rejection or re-lining,
are the following:
a) Defects which cannot be repaired by using plugs (5.1), i.e.:

Defects extending over an area with a diameter greater than 8 mm;

Defects on inaccessible locations;

Defects in vessels and columns, as described in (3.5.4).

b) Bubble lines, i.e. fused-in bubbles arranged in a distinct line;

c) Fused strain lines recognised as lines with colours different from the surrounding
enamel;
d) Areas not properly fused (recognised as rough surfaces);
e) Devitrified areas in vitreous enamel or over crystallised areas in semi-crystallised
enamel (recognised as dull or rough surfaces);
f)

Spot-like discolorations;

g) Cracks, e.g. those detected by a Statiflux test (4.1.3);

h)

3.5.3

Spots with a diameter greater than 30 mm caused by grinding and polishing during the
removal of impurities.

Repairable defects
Repairable defects are imperfections in the glass lining that can be repaired so as to allow
further use of the glass-lined equipment. The following defects may be repaired:

defects revealed by high voltage spark testing (4.1.2);

isolated spots showing a loss of thickness of more than 25 % of the nominal thickness;
blisters, such as circular holes in the lining;
isolated impurities, such as fire clay particles, which shall be removed. Dust-like
impurities on the surface may be accepted. Scale fused into the surface shall be
removed where it extends parallel to the surface with a width of more than 3 mm, and/or
is not a flat particle, or is not fused-in parallel to the surface.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 10
3.5.4

Vessels and columns

Tables 1 and 2 list the maximum permissible number of repairable defects to be covered
with plugs. However, in the following cases, repair by plugging shall not be allowed:
a) The complete neck area around nozzles, and any nozzle with a nominal diameter of
150 mm or less;
b) Convex and concave surfaces with a radius of 75 mm or less;
c) Sealing areas.
The Principal shall specify if no plug repairs are permitted, i.e. specify as PLUG-FREE.
Table 1

Maximum permissible number of plugged enamel defects in vessels

NOMINAL VOLUME

VESSELS WITH
SEPARATE COVER

OTHER
VESSELS

VESSEL

COVER

up to 4 m3
4 m3 up to 10 m3

m3

N/A

N/A

20 m3 up to 32 m3

N/A

N/A

32 m3 up to 40 m3

10

m3

up to 20

N/A

N/A

m3

N/A

N/A

N/A

80 m3 and greater

N/A

N/A

N/A

40

m3

up to 80

Table 2

Maximum permissible number of plugged enamel defects in columns

COLUMN DIAMETER

3.5.5

ONE-PIECE
VESSELS

COLUMN HEIGHT
up to 2000 mm

2000 mm
up to
5000 mm

5000 mm and
higher

Up to 600 mm

Over 600 mm up to 1200 mm

Over 1200 mm

Accessories
Accessories, e.g. agitators, baffles, inlet pipes, manhole covers, etc, shall not be repaired
by plugging.

3.5.6

Fittings and pump components

Fittings and pump components shall not be repaired by plugging.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
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4.

TESTING, INSPECTION AND DOCUMENTATION

4.1

TESTING

4.1.1

General
All testing, measuring and inspection equipment shall be maintained and calibrated to an
accuracy suitable for the parameter being measured.
All tests specified in this DEP shall be carried out by, or witnessed and certified by, an
independent third-party agent to be approved by the Principal.
The surfaces to be tested shall be clean, dry, sufficiently illuminated, and easily accessible.
Tested components and test reports (4.3) shall be marked to allow proper identification.

4.1.2

High voltage test

The complete glass-lined surface shall be inspected for defects by a high voltage test, in
accordance with ISO 2746 or EN 14430. The first test carried out shall be performed at
20 kV. Following tests shall be carried out at a lower voltage setting of 12 kV. Tests with a
higher voltage may be carried out, if so agreed with the Manufacturer.
On all-side glass-lined components, testing shall be performed with an A.C. voltage or a
pulsed D.C. voltage.
Exceptions apply to the following:
a) Enamelled probes shall be tested with a D.C. voltage of 7 kV;
b) Components coated with conductive and/or dissipative enamel shall only be checked
visually, and shall be marked by the Manufacturer.

4.1.3

Test for cracks

The Statiflux test method shall be used to check areas where cracks are suspected.
Cracks so detected shall not be permitted.

4.1.4

Performance test
The Manufacturer shall check the performance of the glass-lined components after
assembly. Particular attention shall be paid to the proper performance of rotating equipment
(4.2.3.3).

4.2

INSPECTION

4.2.1

Visual examination
The surfaces of glass-lined process equipment and components shall be checked visually
for defects (3.5). Optical instruments, such as 10 magnifying glasses and a monochromatic
lamp may be used.

4.2.2

Lining thickness
The glass-lining thickness shall be measured according to ISO 2178, using a calibrated
measuring device with an accuracy of at least 5 %. The surfaces to be checked shall be
measured on a grid of width between 200 mm and 500 mm. Critical areas, such as short
radii, uneven surfaces and localised increased thickness, shall be measured separately,
using smaller grids.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 12
4.2.3

Dimensions

4.2.3.1

General
All dimensions shall be compared with the baseline values given on the Manufacturers
drawings.

4.2.3.2

Vessels and columns

The following dimensions shall be determined:
a) diameter and roundness of the vessel (inside);
b) diameter and roundness of the assembly flange and main flange;
c) wavelike distortion of the sealing surfaces of the assembly flange and main flange;
d) out-of-plane angle of the sealing surface and nozzles;
e) thickness of gaskets;
f)

distance between the support ring, brackets and legs, and a reference plane;

g) variations in the distance between the various circumferential points of the support ring,
between the individual brackets and legs, and a reference plane;
h) ground clearance of the agitator.
Any out-of-tolerance dimensions shall not be accepted.
4.2.3.3

Rotating equipment
The concentricity of impellers and pump rotors after assembly shall be measured, and shall
not exceed the maximum value to be specified by the Manufacturer.
The maximum eccentricity of agitators, impeller assemblies, delivered as separate items,
shall be documented. Measurements shall be taken by the Manufacturer after machining
and with the impellers still mounted in the lathe.

4.3

DOCUMENTATION
The Manufacturer shall maintain quality records to demonstrate that the necessary checks
have been carried out at all stages of production.
The Manufacturer shall submit a certified record of inspection and testing together with
certificates and statement of compliance with this DEP. The records shall include the
following:
a) All information necessary for identification of the samples tested, including:
name of the Manufacturer;
product and product size;
ordering details (e.g. date and number of the order);
drawing number;
enamel quality.
b) Type and scope of testing (e.g. enamel quality testing, dimensional check, performance
test).
c) Results of the tests, inspections, and:
where relevant, the general state of the components at the time of testing (e.g. clean,
dry, hardly accessible, partly dirty);
results of visual examination;

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 13
voltage used in high voltage test and the results obtained;
where relevant, the results of the crack detection test;
lining thickness;
sketch or description of the location and the number of defects repaired with plugs;
results of dimensional checks;
eccentricity of agitators and pump rotors.
d) Deviations from the specified procedure.
e) Unusual features (anomalies) observed during the test.
f) Date of testing, name and signature of inspector(s).

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 14
5.

REPAIR PROCEDURE

5.1

REPAIR PLUGS
Enamel defects shall be repaired with tantalum plugs and PTFE gaskets, see Figures 1 and
2. Other plug or gasket materials shall be subject to the approval of the Principal.
Plugs shall be positioned at right angles to the surface. The plug bearing surface shall be in
full contact with the gasket. The length of the plug thread shall be sufficient to ensure
adequate seating. The distance between the centre lines of two plugs shall be at least
100 mm.
The maximum permissible number of defects repaired by plugging shall be in accordance
with Tables 1 and 2 (3.5.4). The Manufacturer shall provide the Principal with a sketch
showing the locations of repairs.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 15

5.2

IMPURITIES
Impurities (3.5.3) shall be removed by grinding and polishing, under the following
conditions:
a) remaining enamel thickness shall be at least 0.9 mm for vitreous enamel, and 1.1 mm
for semi-crystallized enamel;
b) maximum grinding depth shall not exceed 0.5 mm;
c) following the removal of impurities, no coarse bubble structure shall be allowed.
If these conditions cannot be met, these enamel defects shall be repaired with plugs.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 16
6.

PACKAGING, TRANSPORTATION AND INSPECTION

6.1

GENERAL
Glass-lined apparatus and components are sensitive to mechanical shock loading, e.g.
impact or local deformation. The type of packaging shall be chosen by the Manufacturer to
ensure that glass-lined products withstand the expected transport conditions. Appropriate
packaging shall take into account the size, mass and rigidity of the glass-lined products, the
means of loading and unloading, the means of transportation and transfers and, if
necessary, the storage conditions once the products have reached their destination.

6.2

PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION

Accessories inside the vessels shall be secured so as to avoid direct contact with other
components. Small components should be packed in separate boxes.
Nozzles shall be covered with rubber or plastic lids that are thick enough to ensure
sufficient protection of flange faces.
The packed products shall bear clearly visible information, or a pictogram in accordance
with ISO 780, regarding the care with which they should be handled during transport.
Vessels shall be wedged and held in place on square timber frames. Care shall be taken
that the nameplate, attached on the side or top of the vessel, is visible and legible from
above or the side and that the manholes are positioned to allow easy access.
Bare metal surfaces, such as fitting surfaces machined to particularly close tolerances,
shall be protected against atmospheric corrosion.

6.3

ARRIVAL INSPECTION
In order to detect any defects or damage resulting from transportation, the equipment shall
be visually inspected and spark tested (test voltage up to 8 kV). Any defects shall be
reported to the Manufacturer.
Presence of the Manufacturer's representative(s) at any of these inspections shall be
agreed beforehand and stated in the order.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
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7.

INSTALLATION

7.1

GENERAL
The installation of glass-lined equipment is similar to that of normal flanged steel equipment
with respect to supporting, thermal expansion, etc. Welded supports shall not be applied.

7.2

CONNECTIONS
On factory-assembled vessels the main flange gaskets, agitator flange gasket and manway gaskets are tailor-made and shall be replaced in the same position after disassembly.

7.3

BOLTING
Flange bolts shall be tightened with a torque wrench, using greased bolts and nuts, in the
sequence and to the torque values specified by the Manufacturer of the glass-lined
equipment.

7.4

WELDING
No welding shall be performed on glass-lined equipment, nor may it be used as a welding
earth, as this can cause damage to the lining.

7.5

MARKING
The glass-lined equipment shall be marked to identify it as glass-lined, in order to prevent
inadvertent damage of the lining, e.g. by welding.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
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8.

OPERATION

8.1

THERMAL SHOCK
During operation, the temperature change of glass-lined equipment shall be kept within the
Manufacturers specified thermal shock limits (2.3.3).

8.2

ACID SPILLS
Severe corrosion damage may be caused to glass-lined equipment if acid is spilled onto the
external carbon steel surfaces. Acid spills may cause a reaction with the steel, i.e. produce
atomic hydrogen, which can penetrate through the vessel wall and may cause fracture of
the glass lining.

8.3

STEAM HAMMER
The injection of hot steam into cold liquids can cause damage to the glass lining when rapid
condensation (implosion) and subsequent shock waves occur. This phenomenon should be
avoided through the use of proper mixing devices so that the steam is condensed before it
enters the vessel.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 19
9.

MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR

9.1

MAINTENANCE
Correctly designed and properly manufactured glass-lined process equipment will require
only minimal maintenance.
If it is necessary to enter the glass-lined vessel, and to use a ladder inside the vessel, the
ladder shall have suitably cushioned feet to prevent damage to the lining. Personnel
entering a glass-lined vessel should wear clean and soft, e.g. rubber-soled, footwear.
Glass lining is easily damaged, e.g. by dropping tools, and therefore soft, e.g. rubbercovered inspection tools, secured against dropping, should be used.

9.2

INSPECTION
Condition monitoring of the glass lining should be primarily by visual inspection (4.2.1), and
may be supplemented by high voltage testing (4.1.2). Statiflux testing should be performed
if crack-like defects are suspected.

9.3

REPAIRS
Repairs shall be conducted in accordance with the Manufacturers approved procedures.
The competence of operators conducting the repair work shall be established in
accordance with these procedures.
No welding, flame cutting, etc, shall be performed on glass-lined equipment, and glasslined equipment shall not be used as a welding earth.

9.4

CLEANING OF THE JACKET SPACE

Heating or cooling media used in the jacket may cause a gradual build-up of rust or scale
deposits that can hinder heat transfer. Acid scale and rust removing agents in the jacket of
the glass-lined vessel endanger the glass lining due to hydrogen diffusing into or through
the steel. Only those cleaning agents that passivate the steel surface and prevent the
absorption of nascent hydrogen in the steel may be used, e.g. alkaline cleaning agents,
which dissolve rust and scale by forming complex compounds.

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 20
10.

REFERENCES
In this DEP reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES:

1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest issue of each publication shall be used (together
with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereof).
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available for Shell users on the SWW
(Shell Wide Web) at address http://sww05.europe.shell.com/standards.

SHELL STANDARDS
Metallic materials - selected standards

DEP 30.10.02.11-Gen

Non-metallic materials selection and application

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen

Painting and coating of new equipment

DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.

Piping - general requirements

DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen.

EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Vitreous and porcelain enamels High voltage test

EN 14430

Vitreous and porcelain enamels Determination of

resistance to chemical corrosion Part 2:
Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion
by boiling acids, neutral liquids and/or their
vapours

EN 14483-2

Vitreous and porcelain enamels Determination of

resistance to chemical corrosion Part 4: Determination of
resistance to chemical corrosion by alkaline liquids using a
cylindrical vessel

EN 14483-4

Vitreous and porcelain enamels glass-lined apparatus for

process plants Part 3: Thermal shock resistance

prEN 15159-3

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Rue de Strassart 35
Belgium B-1050
Brussels

GERMAN STANDARDS
General tolerances for glass-lined vessel

DIN 28005

General tolerances for fabrication of agitator

vessels, glass-lined steel agitator vessels

DIN 28006

General tolerances for columns, glass-lined steel columns

DIN 28007

Testing the concentricity of impellers and pump rotors

DIN 28161

Issued by:
DIN
Burggrafenstrasse 6
Berlin, D-10787
Germany

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Pictorial marking for handling of goods

ISO 780

Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates

Measurement of coating thickness Magnetic method

ISO 2178

DEP 30.48.70.30-Gen.
August 2005
Page 21
Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Determination of
resistance to condensing hydrochloric acid vapour

ISO 2743

Vitreous and porcelain enamels Determination of

resistance to hot sodium hydroxide

ISO 2745

Vitreous and porcelain enamels Enamelled articles for

service under highly corrosive conditions high voltage test

ISO 2746

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints

and related products - Visual assessment of surface
cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of
uncoated steel substrates and steel substrates after overall
removal of previous coatings.

ISO 8501-1

Plastics Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) semi-finished

products Part 1: Requirements and designation

ISO 13000

Vitreous and porcelain enamels Determination of crack

formation temperature in the thermal shock testing of
enamels for the chemical industry

ISO 13807

Issued by:
International Organisation for Standardisation
Case Postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Copies can also be obtained through national standards organisations.

Last page of this DEP