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sfjafj oewkmfkomwklfnNew Bookestern edge extends along a line just west of Idaho s
western border. During this early period of Earth s history, hot rock rose throug
h the mantle, splitting the continent, and forcing the cover of Belt rocks apart
, allowing the formation of a new ocean between them. Numerous diabase dikes and
sills intruded in to the Belt sediments, providing evidence of continental rift
ing at that time.
The age of the sills has been estimated as .8 to 1.4 billion years, but .8 billi
on years is the most accepted date, which corresponds to the age of some of the
Idaho and British Columbia formations that accumulated along a coastline. The ol
d coast followed a line that starts in northeastern Washington and runs southwes
t through western Idaho and eastern Oregon in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of Cal
ifornia. That line represents the western coast of North America until about 100
million years ago.
The location of this coastline in interesting in light of the series of earthqua
kes that have recently (November 2001) rocked Spokane, Washington, which was not
known to have any major faults.
During most of the Paleozoic, large parts of Montana were shallow seas. The rest
were low islands. There were no mountains at that time.
During the Mesozoic, most of Montana remained near sea level. The shorelines of
these shallow inland seas shifted as the continental crust rose and sank, floodi
ng all of the eastern two-thirds of the state and most of the western third. By
the end of this period, the Rocky Mountains were forming, the continent was risi
ng above sea level, and the inland sea was retreating from eastern Montana.
Shortly before the beginning of the Mesozoic, the lithospheric plates were masse
d together as a giant continent called Pangea. Later, a new continental rift spl
it this continent. Evidence of this split can be seen in the mid-Atlantic ridge.
As the North American continental plate drifted westward it collided with the fl
oor of the Pacific Ocean. The plate broke along the old western margin of the co
ntinent and formed a trench through eastern Washington and Oregon. About 175 mil

lion years ago, the floor of the Pacific Ocean began to slide through the new tr
ench and into the mantle. However, most of the events, which formed the Rocky Mo
untains came later.
Molten
art of
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basalt and hot steam rose above the oceanic crust and torched the lower p
the continent. Thi
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