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ones heart with the ultimate goal being to live within Gods kingdom. For
the Orthodox Christian, taking up residency in the kingdom of God within has
as its mark the acquisition of the divine and deifying Holy Spirit. This truth,
and the subject of prayer in making the inner journey to Gods kingdom, has
been consistently expounded upon by saintly Church fathers throughout her
history.
would come Jesus answered, . . . the kingdom of God cometh not with
observation: Neither shall they say, Lo here! Or, lo there! For, behold, the
kingdom of God is within you(Luke 17:21).2
Macarius also identifies the location of the kingdom of God in the heart when
states, Although the heart is a small vessel, it contains dragons and lions,
venomous beasts and all the stockpiles of evil, rough and uneven paths and
chasms. Likewise God and the angels are there, as are life and the Kingdom,
light and the apostles, the heavenly cities and the treasuries of grace. All
things are there.3 As one can see from St. Macarius explanation, one must
traverse many obstacles on the way to obtaining the riches and glory that
are the birth right of the Christian. Prayer is both the vehicle and weapon
required for successfully taking the inner journey to Gods kingdom in the
heart.
Anyone who has taken up the task of praying with the mind in the
heart4 quickly learns that such an effort is fraught with difficulties and
distractions.
St. Evagrius of
So, the
asking help in obtaining the gift of pure prayer necessary to navigating the
journey to the kingdom of God in our inner hearts.
In our struggle to pray correctly, the desert fathers teach us that anger
is one, if not the most, of our chief opponents.
concerning anger, It darkens our intellect, it cuts us off from the radiance of
spiritual understanding and discernment by depriving it of the indwelling of
the Holy Spirit".7
As
it pertains to the Kingdom of God within our heart, this prayer specifically
asks God that His Kingdom come and His Will be done on earth as it is in
heaven.
brings into sharp focus our Saviors emphasis on realizing the Kingdom of
God, which He identified as being within you (LK 17:21).
This kingdom
us to pray our Father (Mt. 6:9)11. Indeed, St. Paul explains this truth as
such when he wrote, ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we
cry, Abba, Father (Romans 8:5).
It is very fitting to note that the very Holy Name of Jesus has
enormous power. As such, the use of the Holy Name in prayer developed
into the preeminent weapon for waging warfare against the passions.
In
simply as, Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me. 14 By the 14th
century that prayer, henceforth knows as the Jesus Prayer, took center stage
and began to be incorporated into theological writings 15. The prayer consists
of four essential parts; devotion to the Holy Name, a plea for mercy, Joy
creating sorrow, and a quest for inner silence of the heart. 16
silence is the very interior of the Kingdom of God within us.
This inner
17
and St.
Macarius says, The Christian should always have the remembrance of God
not only when he enters the place of prayer, but also have . . . love and
affection for Him whether walking, talking or eating.
18
St. Diadochos
instructs, The invocation of the name of Jesus repeated over and over
should be a ceaseless task.
19
There are other aspects concerning the method of evoking the Jesus
Prayer.
which the fathers of the 14th century identified as methods in practicing the
Jesus prayer.20 The first is posture; sitting on a stool or armless chair.
Secondly, a form of rhythmic breathing where the first part of the prayer is
said while breathing in and the second part of the prayer said while exhaling.
Thirdly, the fathers speak of inner exploration with focus on the intellect
descending down into the place of the heart. Pointing out that our mind is
ever active and wandering thoughts cannot be turned off by our own will, St.
Diadochos instructs us to repeatedly evoke the name Lord Jesus. 21
The
Jesus prayer, as said in the depth of the heart, gives the mind a short, but
potent task to concentrate on.
clouded by many thoughts, which St. Theophan the Recluse likens to flies
of
the
Holy
Name
there
is
danger,
both
spiritually
and
A word of
caution is offered by Our Lord Jesus Christ when He said, What king, going
to make war against another king, sitteth not down first, and consulteth
whether he be able with ten thousand to meet him that cometh against him
with twenty thousand? (LK 14:31,32).
child and a spiritual father is most prudent when constructing a battle plan to
wage spiritual warfare with the demons in route to the inner kingdom.
This unity
with God is the fruit of our residency in the Kingdom of God within our
hearts.
vision is that our lives are not ours alone, just as our prayers are not ours
alone, our sins are not ours alone, and our redemption is not ours alone.
When we suffer, all creation suffers with us. When we sin, the entire cosmos
is disfigured. When we fall away from God, it is not just ones own humanity
that suffers, but all creation is tarnished by our sin. Conversely, when one is
redeemed all creation is lifted up. When one is sanctified by whatever little
degree, all creation rejoices. When we pray all creation is drawn closer to
our Maker.28 In this mystical unity through our life in Christ, the struggle to
reach the Kingdom of God within the heart is intertwined with not only those
alive with us on earth, but also with all those who have already reposed,
whos life in Christ continues beyond the flesh.
and holy elders who have lived life on earth before us also pulls us closer
towards God as we press on together here in the flesh.
This
item has, from the very beginning, been an important consideration for those
who wish to obtain the Christian birth right inheritance to the Kingdom. We
are instructed by the fathers to pray facing east, but this is not the end of
the topic. To quote Professor Father Deacon Matthew Steenberg, Contrary to
the common belief that the optimal environment to engage in quality prayer
is that of beauty, peace, and solitude, the early monastics chose the harsh
climate of the desert as their chosen venue for prayer. The monks did not
move to the desert with the romantic idea of tranquility, but precisely
because it was the place known as where the demons live. The desert was a
place of torment and battle; a battle ground for both the physical and
spiritual. . . . The early monastics chose the desert because it was the battle
ground right for the ascetical challenge because prayer was understood as a
part of the ascetical struggle. To pray you have to fight. 29 This reality also
translates to all Christian strugglers throughout the ages, including those in
the towns and cities in modern times. On this point again it is fitting to quote
Professor Steenberg when he explains, Just as the father's saw the desert as
a place of demons and temptations, so should the Christian look at the
worldly environment the same way. In this way the Christian living in the
world shall find equally the same measure of spiritual challenge to obtain
their salvation in the world as in the desert. As such, the temptations of the
city are to be for us an invitation to true prayer.
30
In closing, prayer is not only the starting point, but also our constant
companion on the journey to the kingdom of God, located within us. Prayer
is multidimensional; prayer is both the vehicle and weapon in our quest for
acquisition of the Holy Spirit; prayer must be unceasing. Prayer brings us
face to face with our passions and by prayer we can conquer them.
Prayer
can bring us to mystical heights when we are given fully to claiming our royal
birth right
Prayer is
interconnectedness in real time with every Orthodox soul who came before
us, who is with us now, and who will come after us.
Footnotes:
Luke 17:20-21,
within.
3
St. Macarius, writings from Arabic and Georgian translations from Collection
II, as cited in Dr. Marcus Plested, The Maracian Legacy: the place of MacariusSymeon in the Eastern Christian Tradition. New York, Oxford University Press,
2004, p. 33.
St. John Cassian, On The Eight Vices, cited in The Philokalia: The Complete
Text Volume 1. Translated and edited by G.E.H. Palmer, Kallistos Ware, and
Phillip Sherrard. Faber and Faber, London, 1979. pp. 71-72.
8
Treatise 4, Ante-Nicene
Gospel of St. Matthew, KJV Chapter 6, verses 9 through 13 read, After this
manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy
name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give
us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our
debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine
is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.
10
Origin, On Prayer, chapter XVI entitled Thy Will be done on earth also as
in Heaven.
11
Personal notes taken from IOCS lecture given by Professor Fr. Dcn. Matthew
Steenberg, posted on-line at IOCS prayer module entitled, Prayer in life and
death, speech quoted 12 minutes and 57 seconds, part one.
12
14
Ware, posted on-line at IOCS prayer module entitled, Jesus Prayer and the
14th century, 2007 speech quoted 1 minute, 09 seconds in part one of
lecture. Source: restricted on-line audio: Prayer Module, IOCS.
16
Ware, posted on-line at IOCS prayer module entitled Origin and Significance
of the Jesus Prayer, 2007 speech quoted 16 seconds in part one of lecture.
Source: restricted on-line audio: Prayer Module, IOCS.
17
18
19
section 61, IOCS Prayer Module translated from E. des Places, Diadoque de
Photice: Oeuvres spirituelles (Sources chretiennes 5: 2nd edition, reprinted
with additions, Paris, 1966
20
St. Simeon the New Theologian, The Philokalia: The Complete Text Volume
22
23
St. Nikiphoros, The Philokalia: The Complete Text Volume 4. Translated and
edited by G.E.H. Palmer, Kallistos Ware, and Phillip Sherrard. Faber and Faber,
London, 1979. pages 204 - 205.
24
Ware, posted on-line at IOCS prayer module entitled, Jesus Prayer and the
14th century, 2007 speech quoted 15 minutes, 11 seconds in part two of
lecture. Source: restricted on-line audio: Prayer Module, IOCS.
25
Texts, #36, The Philokalia: The Complete Text Volume 1. Translated and
edited by G.E.H. Palmer, Kallistos Ware, and Phillip Sherrard. Faber and Faber,
London, 1979. P. 60
26
28
Personal notes from lecture given by Professor Fr. Dcn. Matthew Steenberg,
posted on-line at IOCS prayer module entitled Prayer in life and death,
speech quoted at 2 minutes and 25 seconds, part two. Source: restricted online audio: Prayer Module, IOCS.
29
Personal notes from lecture given by Professor Fr. Dcn. Matthew Steenberg,
posted on-line at IOCS prayer module entitled, Prayer and the Desert
Fathers.
Bibliography
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Complete Text Volume 1. Translated and edited by G.E.H. Palmer, Kallistos
Ware, and Phillip Sherrard. Faber and Faber, London, 1979. Excerpt on line:
http://tinyurl.com/7kqjgkx .
CYPRIAN (Saint Cyprian of Carthage), On the Lords Prayer, Treatise 4, AnteNicene Fathers Vol. V, Cyprian, The Treatises of Cyprian, translated by Robert
Ernest Wallis, unauthorized edition published by Christian Literature
Company, USA, 1885. Excerpt on line: http://tinyurl.com/89qanze .
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