Beruflich Dokumente
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E.Q: E.Q
1. What is a radian and how do I use it to
determine angle measure on a circle?
2. How do I use trigonometric functions to
model periodic behavior?
Mathematical Practices:
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of
others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.
SOH
CAH
TOA
CHO
SHA
CAO
Theamplitudeofy=asinx(ory=acosx)ishalfthedistance
betweenthemaximumandminimumvaluesofthefunction.
amplitude=|a|
If|a|>1,theamplitudestretchesthegraphvertically.
If0<|a|>1,theamplitudeshrinksthegraphvertically.
Ifa <0,thegraphisreflectedinthex-axis.
y
4
y=sinx
1
y=sinx
2
y=4sinx
reflectionofy=4sinx
4
3
2
y=2sinx
y=4sinx
Graphing Trigonometric
Functions
Theperiodofafunctionisthexintervalneededforthe
functiontocompleteonecycle.
2
Forb0,theperiodofy=asinbxis.
b
2
Forb0,theperiodofy=acosbxisalso.
b
If0<b<1,thegraphofthefunctionisstretchedhorizontally.
y
y sin 2
period:2
period:
y sin x
x
Ifb>1,thegraphofthefunctionisshrunkhorizontally.
y
y cos x
1
y cos x
period:2
2
2
3
4
period:4
90
135
45
II
180
II I
II
90
180
360
270
IV
III
225
315
270
IV
sin
/2
3/2
sin
One period
2
GraphoftheSineFunction
Tosketchthegraphofy=sinxfirstlocatethekeypoints.
Thesearethemaximumpoints,theminimumpoints,andthe
intercepts.
3
x
0
2
2
sin x
-1
Then,connectthepointsonthegraphwithasmoothcurve
thatextendsinbothdirectionsbeyondthefivepoints.A
singlecycleiscalledaperiod.
y=sinx
y
3
3
2
5
2
cos
90
135
45
II
I
0
180
II I
IV
225
315
270
IV
90
270
180
II
III
360
cos
/2
3/2
GraphoftheCosineFunction
Tosketchthegraphofy=cosxfirstlocatethekeypoints.
Thesearethemaximumpoints,theminimumpoints,andthe
intercepts.
x
0
2
2
2
cos x
-1
Then,connectthepointsonthegraphwithasmoothcurve
thatextendsinbothdirectionsbeyondthefivepoints.A
singlecycleiscalledaperiod.
y=cosx
y
3
3
2
5
2
cos
One period
2
Given : A sin Bx
Sine Graph
Amplitude = IAI
period = 2/B
Example:
y=5sin2X
Amp=5
/2
/4
Period=2/2
3/4
Given : A sin Bx
Cosine Graph
Amplitude = IAI
period = 2/B
Example:
y=2cos 1/2 X
Amp= 2
2
Period= 2/(1/2)
Example:Sketchthegraphofy=3cosxontheinterval[,4].
Partitiontheinterval[0,2]intofourequalparts.Findthefivekey
points;graphonecycle;thenrepeatthecycleovertheinterval.
x
y = 3 cos x
(0,3)
0
3
-3
max
x-int min
2
1
1
2
3
(,0)
2
3
(,0)
2
(,3)
3
2
2
3
0
x-int
2
(,3)
max
4 x
Usebasictrigonometricidentitiestography=f (x)
Example :Sketchthegraphofy=sin(x).
Thegraphofy=sin(x)isthegraphofy=sinx reflectedin
thex-axis.
y=sin(x)
y
Usetheidentity
sin(x)=sinx
y=sinx
Example :Sketchthegraphofy=cos(x).
Thegraphofy=cos(x)isidenticaltothegraphofy=cosx.
y
Usetheidentity
x
cos(x)=cosx
2
y=cos(x)
Example:Sketchthegraphofy=2sin(3x).
Rewritethefunctionintheformy=asinbxwithb>0
y=2sin(3x)=2sin3x
Usetheidentitysin(x)=sin x:
2
2
period:
amplitude:|a|=|2|=2
=
b
3
Calculatethefivekeypoints.
x
y = 2 sin 3x
2
3
(,2)
2
(0,0)
2
(,
-2)
6
2
3
(,0)
2
3
(,0)
3
5
6
Tangent Function
Recall that tan
sin
.
cos
sin
cos
tan
tan
/2
und
/2
und
2
2
2
2
/4
/4
2
2
2
2
/4
/2
und
/2
und
/4
/2
tan
Und (-)
/4
/4
/2
Und()
3/2
/2
/2
One period:
3/2
GraphoftheTangentFunction
sin x
tan x
Tography=tanx,usetheidentity.
cos x
Atvaluesofxforwhichcosx=0,thetangentfunctionis
undefinedanditsgraphhasverticalasymptotes.
y
Propertiesofy=tanx
1.Domain:allrealx
x k k
2
2.Range:(,+)
3.Period:
4.Verticalasymptotes:
x k k
2
2
3
2
period:
3
2
Example:Findtheperiodandasymptotesandsketchthegraph
y
x
x
of y 1 tan 2 x
4
4
3
1.Periodofy=tanx is.
2.Findconsecutivevertical
asymptotesbysolvingforx:
2 x ,2 x
2
2
Verticalasymptotes: x ,x
4
4
3.Plotseveralpointsin(0, )
2
4.Sketchonebranchandrepeat.
3
8
1
,
8 3
1
,
8 3
8
1
1
y tan 2 x
3
3
x
0
0
3 1
,
8
3
8
1
3
3
8
1
Cotangent Function
Recall that cot
cos
.
sin
sin
cos
cot
cot
Und
Und
/4
2
2
2
2
/4
/2
/2
3/4
2
2
3/4
Und
2
2
Und
cot
cot
/4
/2
3/4
3/2
/2
/2
3/2
GraphoftheCotangentFunction
cos x
cot
x
Tography=cotx,usetheidentity.
sin x
Atvaluesofxforwhichsinx=0,thecotangentfunctionis
undefinedanditsgraphhasverticalasymptotes.
y
Propertiesofy=cotx
y cot x
1.Domain:allrealx
x k k
2.Range:(,+)
3.Period:
4.Verticalasymptotes:
x k k
verticalasymptotes
x0
x
3
2
x 2
csc
0
2
sin
One period: 2
sin : Domain: (, )
Range: [1, 1]
csc : Domain: n
(where sin = 0)
Range: |csc | 1
or (, 1] U [1, ]
GraphoftheCosecantFunction
1
Tography=cscx,usetheidentity.
csc x
sin x
Atvaluesofxforwhichsinx=0,thecosecantfunction
isundefinedanditsgraphhasverticalasymptotes.
y
Propertiesofy=cscx
4
y csc x
1.domain:allrealx
x k k
2.range:(,1][1,+)
3.period:
4.verticalasymptotes:
x k k
wheresineiszero.
3
2
5
2
y sin x
4
sec
cos
One period: 2
GraphoftheSecantFunction
1
sec
x
Thegraphy=secx,usetheidentity.
cos x
Atvaluesofxforwhichcosx=0,thesecantfunctionisundefined
anditsgraphhasverticalasymptotes.
y sec x
y
Propertiesofy=secx
1.domain:allrealx
x k (k )
2
2.range:(,1][1,+)
3.period:
4.verticalasymptotes:
x k k
2
y cos x
3
2
5
2
sin
csc
cos
sec
tan
cot
Period
Domain
Range
Even/Odd
Period
Domain
Range
Even/Odd
opp
hyp
y
r
(, )
1 x 1 or
[1, 1]
odd
csc
1
.sin
r
.y
cos
adj
hyp
x
r
(, )
sec
1 .
sin
r
y
2 +n
tan
sin
cos
y
x
2 +n
All Reals or
(, )
odd
cot
cos
.sin
x
y
All Reals or
(, )
odd
sin
|csc | 1 or
(, 1] U [1, )
All Reals or
(, )
|sec | 1 or
(, 1] U [1, )
odd
even
even
2) Cosine:
3) Tangent:
More Transformations
We have seen two types of transformations on trig
More Transformations
Here is the full general form for the sine function:
y k a sin b x h
Just as with parabolas and other functions, h and k
are translations:
More Transformations
To graph a sine or cosine graph:
1.
vertically.
3. Reflect vertically at its new position if a is negative
Examples
Describe how each graph would be transformed:
1.
y 2 sin x
2.
y cos x
2
3.
y 2 sin( x )
Examples
y 2 cos( x)
-2
Examples
y sin x
2
-2
Examples
1
y 2 sin x
2
-2
Examples
Write an equation of the graph described:
Some Vocab
Identity: a statement of equality between two
expressions that is true for all values of the
variable(s)
2. Trigonometric Identity: an identity involving trig
expressions
3. Counterexample: an example that shows an
equation is false.
1.
measure.
Use ones that you know exact values for:
0, /6, /4, /3, /2, and
Reciprocal Identities
Quotient Identities
Why?
x 2 + y2 =
1
sin2 + cos2 = 1
Pythagorean
Identity!
Quotien
t
Identity
sin2 + cos2 =
1 .
2
22
cos
cos
tan + 1 = sec2
cos2
another
Pythagorean
Identity
Reciproc
al
Identity
sin2 + cos2 =
1 .
2
22
sin
sin
1 + cot =
22
sin
Quotien csc
Reciproc
t
Identity
a third
Pythagorean
Identity
al
Identity
If cos = 3/5,
find csc.