INTRODUCTION

Several days ago I got an information to enroll

of Visual Education. 2I went to Malang when
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my friends have been getting in the bus to
Apel Town. 4We study together at UM every 3
days a month after 5I have met them, and we
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will come back home on next week but 7other
will be firstly watching cinema at 19.00
oclock. 8In the middle us would have remained
home on Wednesday. And 9we are lecturing
again on Friday soon.
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The Importance of Time

Verb tense expresses
the time of an event or
action. Time and how it is
expressed in writing is
very important to English
readers. In this lesson,
we will review the
meaning of some verb
tenses.

English

THE PAST TENSE

The Simple Past

We use the simple past to indicate exactly
when an action or event took place in the past.

S+V2+O
I visited my sister yesterday.
We went out to dinner last night.

English

S+Didnt+V1+O
Did+S+V1+O

THE PAST TENSE

The Simple Past

The simple past is used to describe actions

and/or events that are now completed and no
longer true in the present.

I attended Sport in 1998

I saw a movie every weekend when I was a teenager

English

THE PAST TENSE

The Past Progressive

The past progressive is used
to talk about an activity that
was in progress at a specific
point of time in the past. The
emphasis is on the duration of
the activity in the past.

S+was/were+V1-ing+O

S+was/were+not+V1-ing+O
Was/were+S+V1-ing+O
I was studying for an exam while my mother
was cooking dinner.
We were walking in the park around 7 p.m.
last night.
English

THE PAST TENSE

The Past Progressive

The past progressive is often used with the

simple past to show that one action was in
progress when another action occurred.

I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.

They were eating dinner when the neighbors
stopped by for a visit.
English

THE PAST TENSE

The Past Perfect

This tense describes completed
events that took place in the past
before another past event.
had received

it hit

had eaten

my friend stopped by

S+had+V3+O
S+had+not+V3+O
Had+S+V3+O

The Tanpomas had received many warnings

before it sink into the sea.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped
by to visit.
English

THE PAST TENSE

The Past Perfect

Progressive
This tense describes events in progress still that
took place in the past before another past event.
had been
receiving

it hit
my friend stopped by

S+had+been+V1-ing+O
S+had+not+been+V1-ing+O
Had+S+been+V1-ing+O

The Tanpomas had been receivingmany

warnings before it sink into the sea.
I had been already eating when my friend
stopped by to visit.
English

THE PRESENT TENSE

The Simple Present

Tense
Expresses a habit or often repeated action. Adverbs
of frequency such as, often, seldom, sometimes, never,
etc. are used with this tense.

S+V1-s/es+O
She goes to work everyday.
They always eat lunch together.

English

S+do/does+not+V1+O
Do/does+S+V1+O

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THE PRESENT TENSE

The Simple Present Tense

This tense also expresses general truths or facts

that are timeless.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

English

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THE PRESENT TENSE

The Present
Progressive
This tense is used to describe an action that is
occurring right now (at this moment, today, this year,
etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress.
S+am/are+V1-ing+O
S+am/are+not+V1-ing+O
Am/are+S+V1-ing+O
She is typing a paper for her class.
He cant talk. He is fixing the sink right now.
English

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THE PRESENT TENSE

The Present Progressive

The present progressive can also be used to

describe an action that is occurring in the present, but is
temporary.

Johan is living in Pasuruan, but he might move soon.

English

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THE PRESENT TENSE

The Present
Perfect
The present perfect is used to talk about an event
that began in the past and continues up to the present.
S+have/hasV3+O
S+have/has+not+V3+O
Have/has+S+V3+O
He has lived in Malang for two years

English

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THE PRESENT TENSE

The Present Perfect

The present perfect is also used to talk about an

event that was completed in the past, but the specific
time of the event is not important.

I have seen that movie before.

He has already visited Bali.

English

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THE PRESENT TENSE

Present Perfect
Progressive
This tense is used to describe the duration of an
action that began in the past and continues into the
present.
S+have/has+been+V1-ing+O
S+have/has+not+been+V1-ing+O
Have/has+S+V1-ing+O
He has been studying grammar for an hour.
She has been cooking all day.
English

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THE PRESENT TENSE

Present Perfect Progressive

This tense is also used to describe events that have

been in progress recently and are rather temporary.

She has been living in Taiwan for the last two months, but she
plans to move soon.

English

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THE FUTURE TENSE

The Future
Will and be + going + to are often
used to describe future actions.
S+will+V1+O
S+will+not+V1+O
Will+S+V1+O

Thomas will graduate in June.

Maria is going to go to Bali next week.

English

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THE FUTURE TENSE

The Future

The simple present and present progressive are also

used to express future time. These are often used in
connection with schedules.

She is meeting a new client at eleven oclock.

The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.

English

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THE FUTURE TENSE

The Future Progressive

This tense is used to describe an
event or action that will occur over a
period of time at a specific point in the
future.
at 10 a.m. tomorrow
by the time you arrive

S+will+be+V1-ing+O
S+will+be-not+V1-ing+O
Will+S+be+V1-ing+O
I will be teaching TOEFL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the
time you arrive tomorrow.
English

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THE FUTURE TENSE

The Future Perfect

This tense is used to describe an
event or action that will be completed
before another event or time in the future.
S+will+have+V3+O

will have finished the exam

class ends

S+will+not+have+V3+O
Will+S+have+V3+O

We will have finished the exam by the time class ends

tomorrow.

English

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THE FUTURE TENSE

Future Perfect Progressive

This tense describes an action that has
been in progress for a duration of time before
another event or time in the future.

finishes law school

S+will+have+been+V1-ing+O
S+will+not+have+been+V1-ing+O
Will+S+have+been+V1-ing+O
By the time he finishes law school, we will have been living in
Village eight years.

English

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SUMMARY
TENSE

PAST

PRESENT

FUTURE

PAST FUTURE

Simple

S+V2+O

S+V1+es/s+O

S+will/shall+V1+O

S+would/should+V1+O

Progressive

S+were/was+V1+ing
+O

S+do/does+V1+ing+O

S+ will/shall
+be+V1+ing+O

S+ would/should
+be+V1+ing+O

Perfect

S+had+V3+O

S+has/have+V3+O

S+ will/shall
+have+V3+O

S+ would/should
+have+V3+O

Perfect
Progressive

S+had+been+V1+ing
+O

S+has/have+been+V1+ing+
O

S+ will/shall
+have+been+V1+in
g+O

S+ would/should
+have+been+V1+ing+
O

TENSE

PAST

PRESENT

FUTURE

PAST FUTURE

Simple

Event happened began

and ended in
past with exactly
time

Event as habitual, routine,

fact, general truth

Event in progress will

happen

Event will be do if the

requirement
completely in the past

Progressive

Event in progress at
the past time,
probably
continued

Event in progress at present

or happening now,
around now, getting
changing, planned
future

Event will be in progress

at the future time

Event in progress like past

or now will be do in
the future

Perfect

Event completely
finished before
another time in
the past

Event finished before and

result now, exactly
time is not important

Event will be completely

finished before
another time in the
future

Event in fancing and

requirement
uncompletely

Perfect
Progressive

Event in progress
before another
event in the past

Event in progress when

before now, up now

Event in progress before

another time in the
future

Event in progress like past

or now will be do in 23
the future