NAVSEA OP 1664
CHANGE 1
U.S. EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE
PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF
COMMANDER , NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND
____ Oe—r——eee_e_es« an sjlpaie
SUS. colcve ard pyrtadnie ordance 85
of Febuary 1h
Inca are: US. guide misses bombs,
rece’, lind mites, grenades, pyriecn,
tnd Novy orieile, Nit eovre are: Arm
tilerystmimion, demain epesies and
fcuimer, usdecwster or ating onan,
snl ars enim, or catapult charges,
te
Sach charts of onstruction a o-
aration a are sgn to th ondnaee ste
ent reveive thorough treatment. Other techni
{ald ae onic.
‘Most of tho ite ar gouped swing
sans bt, sere his pretabienoerc
or type arengeent is loved
To make the gubcaton ore serviceable
for seaetine us pectin ems are ind
in their appropriate sections,
Stabs
COrdunnee inehided was that cassie as ser.
fee, together with some obsolete, obsolesten,
and experimental types, The experimental items
‘were those being. actively developed in the
pring of 1946, wth the probability that thay
‘wocld soon be standardized
Ovscete and obsolescent enuiament dee
sevibed was that which ight still be in exst-
‘ence in depots or domps atthe time of writing
Nomenclature
‘When Navy ordnance item is approved for
testing, it is assigned its Mark number. It re.
tains this Merk number whether finally a
proved for sevice use or rejete, Modifications
to the original Mark design are treated lke
vise, Aran ifere under development are as-
signed “T” rubs. Ifthe items standardized
by the Armp’s Oninance Teeuniea Comite,
the "T" designation is dropped and an “Ot
rutnber is assigned. When a modification on 6
“D" item io made, the change is given an “E"
umber: for instance, *PLE1", Tf the madiica-
‘ion is adept as a standard tam, the modi
‘ion gets an “A” number in sequence of change
on the standard item: for instanee, “BGA,
GEAR", Tho Army's Chemical Warfare Sery-
ice uses "Band "R designations for experi=
rental tems insiead of the 7” and “Enum
‘ers espetivels ofthe Ordnance Department.
or aireradt ordnance thore aro tems which ave
standardized for bth the Neey and the Army
‘These are given the leters “AN” before thelr
original standard names thus, AN-Mlc 89 or
AN-NODAR.
Prior to Jane 1925, the Army's nomenclature
for bombs was ya Mark and a Roman mie
mera, ke the early Naval Bark designation,
lot the motifcatios were distinguished by the
letter “X? and saother Roman numeral (Mk
TM TD) where the Navy used the aboevition
Mod”, (MK 1 Mod 2). In 1925, the Army
adopted the "MY system, The Army-Navy
Standardization Board was eresad in Juno,
16H,
‘American high explesves
‘Two seles are employed to compete sens
tivity of explosives, The frst of thee is the
“Laboratory Irpact Sositivity” in which the
ratio ofthe drop of a given eight newessary
ta detonete the explosive under discussion to
the drop aeeessary to detonate TNT, io ox
pressed ona percentage bai, TNT wil be given
‘IN. The second is a seaeof “Bullet Imbert
Sensitivity” with RDX rated at 0 and TINT at
100, The other explosives are expressed in =
Tilion to these two. Velocity of detonstionU.S, EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE
varies dinetiy with the density to which the
xplsire is east ot peessad, all other factors
being constant. The velocity of detonation vil,
therefore, be given Zor ¢ definite density of
loading
'TNT (Trinitrotolual): INT is powerful, bi-
sant, ensy 10 load by esting since its melting
Dwint (Grade A) is 80.2 degrees C., stable un-
‘der al stonage conditions, insenilve enough
to stand all normal handling, and even eapable
of standing bullet impact when est, The Navy
‘uses it asa oastar ina pressed granlar form
in which It is more sensitive to detonator atin.
‘The velocity of detonation is 22,300 ft/sec.
at a density of 185. Its Laboratory Iepact
Valve is 100 Its Bullet Impact Value is 100
Its eolr is yellow tbat
‘Tetryl (Trinitrophenslmethylnitramine}:
‘etry heeause ofits combination of hig power,
brsanoe, and sesiivity, isthe siawdard U8.
booster charge, although tae Navy still uses an
sporecable amount of granular TNT, It bee
fwen tied foe erin charge Ines in sll el-
ber projectiles, but has proved top sensitive
fo withstand the setback in all but 20am ft
isustd ac abaco charge in compound detonstors,
‘Ths, i effet, makes it a smal booster in in-
timate contact with the initiating exzlosive.
‘The melting pont of Tetry| (18) degrees C.)
is too high to allow it to be melted and cast,
Ite loadd by being mixed with small quanti-
ties of graphite or stearic aid which serve to
Tubriate it while tis being pressed into pele
leis Tey is quite safe to handle and ig ex
tromely stable in stowage, Exposed or loose
‘Tete should not Se handed, as it may cause
dermatitis,
‘The velcty of detonation is 24400 ft/see.
at a density of 1.5. Is alo is light yelow,
‘tit in naualy gray boesuse of the graphite,
1218 more powerful then TNT. Its Laboratory
Impaet Value is 45, Its Bullet Impact Value
is,
Explosive D (Ammonium Plerate): Expeslve
Dis the standard main charge for armorpire-
ing bombs nd projectiles and other Navy pro-
ects. While its power and brisance are
OP 664
slightly inferior to TNT, itis mvc mone ine
sensitive Wo shock and wll stand inet oa
armor plate without being dfiagrated, It has
‘bea other disadvantages: (1) Ie melting pint
is too high for it to he meltad and cast, and
it ie therefore leaded by bebe pressed into
cases bya hydraulic rani; (2) Te reacts with
ratae to form extremely sensitive compounds.
This is counteracted by covering the interior
of bomb or projectiles wit acd-prct lequer.
Its rate of detonation is 21,300 fh/see. at
a density of 1.48. Is power and brisaaee are
about 05% theae of TNT, Its Laborstory In
sot Value is 99; its Ballet Impect Valve is
‘over 100, Tes color 38 yellow ot yeom-orange.
ROX (Cydonite Cyeotrimethpleetrnitae
sine): RDX s the mos! powerful and brisant of
the niitary high explosive, and itis consid-
cred mush lao sonsitive to ase alono, Tt seems
tobe about half way between Tetey] and PETN
in sensitivity. RDX is being us extensively
‘ninixiures of otter explosives ant inerts whi
rece the sensitivity to a safe vange, while
‘the mixtures have a vory high brisanse and
power ds to the RDX. [thas exellent stowage
quale, but, because of its sensty, itis
shipped immersed in water like an initiating
explosive. The volcty of detonation is 28,000
ft see. at 2 density of 1.70. Ite Laboratory
Impact Value is 34. Its Bullet Impact Value
15 0. Its oor Is whl
PEIN (Pentuerythritetetranitate): PETN
resentles RDX in its characteristvs. Is some-
‘what more sonsitive, but almost ual in power
an brisene. It is anrstably more sensitive
‘to pereusson ard impact than Tetrel and is,
therefore, not used aloae as a booster, hough
it is being used as a bse charge in some com-
pound detonstos in the way Tetryl is. The
tendeney of PETN to bum is much Jess than
‘hat of similar explosives. Its main use alore
in ie sevice isin primacord, Wen used alone,
PETW is combined with» small quantity of wax
‘te dasensitiae and lnbvieate if, and is Tnaded
by presing. It is important to know that PRTN
‘in primaeord is ver Sasenstiv vo lame shock,
and friction, and therefore must be detonated
by o cp,GENERAL INTRODUCTION
SSeS Orvr'v
‘The eloity of detonation of PETN is 2,000
ft joe, The velclty of detonation of primacord
is 20000 fy/see Its Laboratory Impact Value
5s 22 lis Ballet Impact Valu, though not give,
‘would be about equal to RDK (0). Its eokr is
shite,
Haleite (EDN, Ethyleneinitramine):Hale-
ste isa new explosive that probably will nt be
‘used alone, but will be used jn combination
sith other exposes. tis somewhat more pow
cul than TN, Its seastbity 3s about the
same a8 Ter). [tells at 160 degrees C, but
ae repirt sites that it may detonate in. the
raanar of an intisting explosive at that te
perature or a hte lower. If aded alone, it
veonkd be pressed, Ils rate of detonation is
25000 Mhsex. ab a density of 1.5. Its Labor
tory legac Value ie 48 Its Ballet Impset Vale
is oot aval
Nitrozuanidine: Nitrozuaniine isthe explo-
sive incorgorated in the Nasy’s new double-
‘based propellant powder, SPCG. It is unusual in
boing & high oxplesise that is so cool in its
ection taat it explodes without fash. It is
nparable in strength to TNT, audits eensi-
tivity is of the sume order. Its rte of detons
tion is 24400 fou, at a density of 160,
Amatol: Aratnl, a sutitute for TNT, is &
mixture of ammonium citrate and TNT; the
percentage of ammonium nitrate, depending
upon the avalbilty of TNT, bat varied fom
40% ta 80%. Tks power and brisance destease
with the inereasing percentages of nitrate, and
Me sensitivity decreases at the same tine,
However, i is stil a fairly good high expe-
sive, even when the TNT is nedueed to 206.
80/0 camat be est, sineeits not tid enough
topour even shen TNT s molten, adit there
fore must be loaded by extrusion, Amatol has
a disadvantage in that i is very hygroeopie
and therefore ie usally peotsted by a sealing
pour of pare TNT.
"The velocity of detonation of
see. at a density of 14,
Impact Value is $8. Its Bullet Impact Veluo
abont 100, Its eoloe is bu
Composition B: Composition B is intended
to be used a more powerful replacment for
TTNT in the lading of some of the large size
GLP. bom, ant in fragmertaton Bombs, IL
will be used where an explosive with more
ower and brisence sof tactical advantage and
there is uo objection to a sight innesse of
sanitvity
Commastion BL is a mixture of 195¢ RDR,
40% TST, ao fe was, Composition B2 is a
mixture of 60% RDX, 40% TNT, The TNT
fafa down the sonsitisity of the RDX to a
safe range and lowers the melting point to 81
‘egress C., allowing the material to be east
loaded,
Comecition B might be detonstad st low
order by ballet pect, but itis almost a8 n=
sensitive as TNT inthis resect It hasan ex
tremely high shapalcharge eficeney. Tks ve-
Josity of detonation is 24500 Hose, of a
density of 160, Te total energy of blast in
air ie about 116% of that of TNT. Is Labora-
tory Impact Value is 7% Tts Bullet Impact
‘Value is 79, Tis color i yejow to brows,
Torpex: Tonpe i one of the exposes de-
veloped doving this war to be used mainly in
underwater oninance. The original Torpex (Tor
ex 1) was a mistue of 459% RDX, 87% TNT,
18% Aluminum powder (1% wax aided). Tor
ex 2, which io now being used, is 42S ROX,
40% TNT, 18% Aluminum poder (1% 3x
se). ICs used in mines, torpeto war heads,
are depth ons, Torpex is more eeastive than
‘TNT; its bullet impact and drop test senstivi=
ties are of the same onder as those of Tetrl
I is quite stable in stowuge though it reduces
czs, causing pressure inte case tis isensi=
tive enough to stand all nomal handling. Tts
rneling pint is low enough for it to be east.
loaded, Tis velocity of detonation is 24,000 fh
ee, at a dansty of 172, Ibis 141% a power
falas TT, Is Laboratory Impact Veh is 68.
Tis Bullet pact Value is 48, Its eolor is slate
say.
BX (Depth Bomb Rxplesive): DBX fs &n-
other aluminizad ROX mixtace, and its name
3U.S. EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE
suggests ils intended use. Ik is 1% RDX, 214%
‘lotinurs Nitate, 40% TNT, 184 Aluminem.
1 was designed to replace Torpox, which tt
closely nesenbes insensitivity, strength Dri-
saree, and enersy of such water, but half
of the strategic RDX in Toxpex is relaced
by Ammonium Nitrate in DBX, Tt will prob.
ably nt be use, as the presant supply of RX.
soem aequite to meet the demand, DRX cau
be east, though Its melting range of @-105,
Alegress C.is about the upper limit Its webity
cf etonation is 9.200 foe, at a density oF
188, It is 149% as powerful as TINT under
water [i Laboratory Inpaet Value isnot given.
Us Bult Impuek Vale eB Is olor is gray
BX: BX is a now mistore designed to
replace Toypex in depth bombs, Tt has baen
Teaded the Flt Nose Bom AN-Wk 54 Mot
1, HBX is Ave RDX, 38° TNT, 17% Alum
num powder, 5%6 desensitiaes. Tests indicate
that it sill be about 984 to 100% a3 powerful
cs Torpox, that i wll definitely be Tess. sens
tive than Torex in beth Laboratory. Impact
and BuletTrapact that it will be slightly more
sensitive in these respects than TNT, and thas
it will be aboot the sume order as Compo.
sition B
A cifleuity with Torpex and HEX is that
they produce gas and bul! up pressure in the
ace during stowage. It hes been discovered
that 059% ip waight of ealeum ehorie aed
to te mistare will absorb all the meistuee am
clminate the oreduelion of gus. IL has been
recommended that tis percentage be adel and
that the resulting mixturs be designated Tor
pex Sand HBX 1
Composition A; Composition A is « mixture
of £104 RDX and 8% pasticizng ol. The oll
content is suficient to desensitize the mixture
and lbriata it enoogh to allow ito be prassed
{nto AA. shal, whi will probably be its
prscipal use, It is Wess sensitive than TNT
in both dhop and alle impact ests. It
appreciably more bisant and powerful, ais
indicat by ite vleity af detonation of 27,1
‘set. at a density of LA2. Its Laboratory
Impact Value is 105, Is Bullet Impeet Yelue
4
OP 1664
is ovar 100, te color may be white or hut,
depencing ypon the ear of the oi,
Tetrytol: Tetrytol isa iste of Totes] and
NT (70/3 Iss frequent rath) TEs designed
Aooltain »Tetryl bnoster that may be cast This
rnistar is ight oss powarful and es sasi-
tive than Tete, Its pacielar seis i burster
tubes for chemieal toms, in demition bck,
and in cast shaped charges, It cansot be used
where the loded stem is immersed in hot ex-
plosive, as are the auxiliary bosstoe in tho
loading of Army bombs, beeansa it will be nee
‘melted by the heat and separation will resalt,
1 is approved for use Ja all otber boosters.
Its velocity of detonation is 24,000 ft,/'ses
st a dawsity of 1.60, Ite Leboeatary Impact
Value is 45 fs Bullet Impaet Valo s 55. Hs
cor is yellow
Penlolte: Penisle isa mixture of TNT aad
PRTN, weually 51/50, Its chief uses have been
in smal shell loading, in grenades, aud Sa cat
shaped charges. It has # very high shaped.
change efieieney, Tt is not as stable as TNT
in stowage, and separation of PETN may ocent
forts ehoul bo made to koe it el, Tt ean
sitivity is sich thet it eamct be dil, and
the fuse eaves in sels Unet must be dried
sve poured with 90/10. I; iy about the same
sensitivity as Tet in drop tets, and move
sensitive than Torpes to bullet impact. Its
bosance and power are equivalent to Cumposi=
tion B. At a density of Lit rate of detona-
tion is 24000 fi /se. Tis Lavoratory Tpaet
Value is 47. ts Built Impact Value is 48
Ednata: Binatelis a mixture of 51% BDNA
tnd 18fe TNT, designed to ease the shortage
of RDX. In the near future, it will be loaded
sa sulsitte for Composition B in large G2.
bombs and fragmentation bumbs I is some-
(shat more powerful thax TNT and compara
In sensitiity acco softenough to pour at
0 degres Candis, therefore ast Its ex
tirely stable in stowage. Ab a density of 60, i
has a velocity of detonation of 24,3000 TEs
Laboratory imipaet Valu ie not given, Is Bullet
Inna, Vslue i 88, Is elo eye.PRXeL: PTX is 9 new torary exsosive
that is undergoing tests and may be wdopted
or lading in shells bombs, grenades, mines,
femoitin boeks, an shaped chances It it 2
mixture of 80% RDX, 60% Tots], and 20%
‘TIT This mistre gives avery hgh explosive
cual to Cempositi Bard Pentobte, end
superior to Tetrytal and Banat. Its es se
sitive than Telrytol and more stable. Its 9
Joly of delonation is 24200 ft/sec. at @
Alensity of 1.86. Ite Laboratory Immact Yaloe
{3 40 (estimated). ts Ballet Impact Value is
not given Its enor is ye.
PIX-2: PTN-2 is another teary explosive
mixture undergoing study for possible future
tse It consists of 182% RDX, 28% PEI
2R8% TST. It is slightly more sensitive ia
Gop and bullet imac tests than Compton
B, but a litle less sensitive then Pentlite
Tt is more brivaat than any of the binaey mix
tures now used, whith would inelde Compo
sition B, and is aboat 10% more effective than
‘Titrel asa booster. It may be usel as a booster,
4B a main charge for fragmentation mmani-
tion, and asa shaped charge. Its melting point
is auch that it wil be east. Is velocity of deto-
ration is 26200 F./se, at a density of 1.0%
Ms Laboratory Inpact Vale is 50 detinated).
Its Bullet Impact Value isnot given. Is eclor
is yelow.
Composition C: Composition C8 is the only
‘one of the Compisition ( series now In pro
octon, though quanlles of the otters may
be found ip the fle. tis 77% RDX, 8% Tet
yl 4% TNE, 1% Nitvlllose, 5% NNT
(Mononitotolad}, 105; DNT (Dinitretoua,
‘The lest two, while they are explosives, are
coy biuiés and plastiie the mixture. The es-
sata eiference between Compostion C-band
Composition C-2 is the aubetitution of 96 Tet-
‘jl for 8% RDX, whih improves the plastic
gates. Composition C-1 was 88.3% RDX
and 11% nlasticing ol, The changes here
been made inorder to obtain a plastic compe:
tion that world meet the reouironents of an
Heal explosive for wold and shaped changes
and that would maintain ts plasticity over
‘GENERAL INTRODUCTION
wide range of temperature and not exo ol
(Composition C- is about 1.85 times as x=
crf a5 TNT. Its veorty of detonation is 26,
(00 1/9, a a density of 1.58, The Laora-
tory Impact Value is 98. Hs Bullet Impact Value
is over 100 Its colar is brown.
PEP: This isa new plastic explosive being
tested for futare use, PEP.2 is a mitre of
Ble PETN and 14% plastiening oi, PEP-2
syas 856 PEIN ar 19% ol, bu twas tle
to soft, PEP-2 is aout 90% as powerful and
Drisant #5 Composition C, bat its stowage sta-
Uilty and plestie range are anoch batter. Its
sensitivity is aboot the same as Composition
though it has much Iss tendeney to ur.
Prato: Pieratol is miature of 52/6 Bx
posive D and 48%; TNT. It is currently used
In the 20006, SAP, Bomb MIO8 and is under
consideration for appliance in other Army APs
and SA.P/s, Porat’ slaty is sboot equal
ta that of Explosive D and TNT. Tt bas
rate of detonation of 22375 f,/se. sta normal
Trading dencity of 1825, Brisenee test, peak
pressure tests, and impulse tests indeake Ut
Peratot’s destructive force is eomemtat Tos
than thet of INT, but greater than that of
Explosive D.
Cyelotl 70/90 Cyelote] 70/80, a mixture of
0% RDX and 30% TNT, closely resembles
Composition B except for the altered prop
tions of the conmogenis, and is designed as
1 replaement for Peatolt. It will nt, how
vet, have Pentlle's resistance to fame
"Though results of tests arent avaiable, Cycle
fol my be antiipated to be more sensitive
than Compsttin B, ut considerably les thea
ental
“Triton: Triton is compssed of 80 TINT
snd 20% Aluminum powder ant is conten
plated for nse ip some 400, bight-Case
Boris AN-356, in the JT-2, end in cover
GP, bons (Arey 500- and 100, GP),
sere marimum blast effet is desired, Titonal
eens, soeregtion of the aluminum being pre
‘ented by a pelle lading technique. Te Labe
‘ator Impact Valu is 69; Bulle Impact ¥aloe
is 61; and velocity of dtonalion is 18.00
see, ab a density of L7HEXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE
Mercury Fulmizate: Mereury Fulminate is
an jniating exphsive that may be used as
‘ether a primer or sudetontor. It maybe dato
ralad by dame, friction, or pereussion, and
in turn detonate a booster; o it may be mixed
with other materials to form a primer compar
sition and used ta ignite a propellnt charge
Its melting point i much too high for it to
te cast, amd it i nae by being pressed into
fans. It has one disadvantage for miltary use
tn that will decompose in stowage at rupcal
temperatures and at the end of about three
yeura may be rendored usslets, Comparod to
high explosives, thes ower power and erisanee,
‘fagt whieh is indizated by its veloety of deto-
nation of 16500 fst. at a density of 40.
Its Laboratory Impact Value is 8. Its color
is light yoo.
Lead Aride: Lend Aide may be used where
8 detonation is caused from fame, but Mereury
Fulininate is generally referred where the cap
is to be sot off by a dring pin. It does have
OP babe
2 distinct advantage over Mereury Fulninate
in being completely stable in stowage at ele
vated temperatures. Its rate af detoration is of
the same onder ag Fulmiate, 17500 fee,
1 density of 400, Its Laboratory Impact
Value is 19. Is eclor is white,
DDNP: This i an initating explosive whieh
das been used for some time in commerssl
Getonating eaps and is now being sed to some
cofont in military typo It ie more insensitive
to shovc than Blorewy Pulminate and Lea
Aide, though st may be detonated by # sharp
How. 1t wil, therefore, prtably be used ony
here i wil be set of electrical ce by mine's
safely fase, [thas en advantage i being more
powerful shan other initiating explosives ani
Ieing comparable in strength to Teryl. If un-
‘oufned fame will cause itt fas. but wil not
elonate it This, combined with ts insensitivity
to shock, makes it much more safe te handle.NAW DEPARTMENT
BUREAU OF ORDNANCE
WASHINGTON 25...
28 Mav 1997.
ORDNANCE PAMPULET 1664
‘TED STATES EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE
1. Gninanee Pamphlet 1664 deserves and ilusteates United States Novy
projets, Amy and Navy voekls, pyeotechaes, grenades, land mines,
luombs, and guided isi.
2, Tais publication enntains information on the characteristics of com
yp and operation of value tothe stulent of ordnance.
3, This publication supersedes the handbonks on American explosive
‘oninance published by the U, $. Navy Bomb Dispose School all copes of
‘vio shall be destroyed in acurdance with appienbe security regulation,
Hussey, Je,
Admiral, US. Wa
Ghief of the Bureew of OrdrancePROJECTILES, PROPELLANTS, AND PROWECTLE FUZES
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