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NAVSEA OP 1664 CHANGE 1 U.S. EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER , NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND ____ Oe—r——eee_e_es« an sjlpaie SUS. colcve ard pyrtadnie ordance 85 of Febuary 1h Inca are: US. guide misses bombs, rece’, lind mites, grenades, pyriecn, tnd Novy orieile, Nit eovre are: Arm tilerystmimion, demain epesies and fcuimer, usdecwster or ating onan, snl ars enim, or catapult charges, te Sach charts of onstruction a o- aration a are sgn to th ondnaee ste ent reveive thorough treatment. Other techni {ald ae onic. ‘Most of tho ite ar gouped swing sans bt, sere his pretabienoerc or type arengeent is loved To make the gubcaton ore serviceable for seaetine us pectin ems are ind in their appropriate sections, Stabs COrdunnee inehided was that cassie as ser. fee, together with some obsolete, obsolesten, and experimental types, The experimental items ‘were those being. actively developed in the pring of 1946, wth the probability that thay ‘wocld soon be standardized Ovscete and obsolescent enuiament dee sevibed was that which ight still be in exst- ‘ence in depots or domps atthe time of writing Nomenclature ‘When Navy ordnance item is approved for testing, it is assigned its Mark number. It re. tains this Merk number whether finally a proved for sevice use or rejete, Modifications to the original Mark design are treated lke vise, Aran ifere under development are as- signed “T” rubs. Ifthe items standardized by the Armp’s Oninance Teeuniea Comite, the "T" designation is dropped and an “Ot rutnber is assigned. When a modification on 6 “D" item io made, the change is given an “E" umber: for instance, *PLE1", Tf the madiica- ‘ion is adept as a standard tam, the modi ‘ion gets an “A” number in sequence of change on the standard item: for instanee, “BGA, GEAR", Tho Army's Chemical Warfare Sery- ice uses "Band "R designations for experi= rental tems insiead of the 7” and “Enum ‘ers espetivels ofthe Ordnance Department. or aireradt ordnance thore aro tems which ave standardized for bth the Neey and the Army ‘These are given the leters “AN” before thelr original standard names thus, AN-Mlc 89 or AN-NODAR. Prior to Jane 1925, the Army's nomenclature for bombs was ya Mark and a Roman mie mera, ke the early Naval Bark designation, lot the motifcatios were distinguished by the letter “X? and saother Roman numeral (Mk TM TD) where the Navy used the aboevition Mod”, (MK 1 Mod 2). In 1925, the Army adopted the "MY system, The Army-Navy Standardization Board was eresad in Juno, 16H, ‘American high explesves ‘Two seles are employed to compete sens tivity of explosives, The frst of thee is the “Laboratory Irpact Sositivity” in which the ratio ofthe drop of a given eight newessary ta detonete the explosive under discussion to the drop aeeessary to detonate TNT, io ox pressed ona percentage bai, TNT wil be given ‘IN. The second is a seaeof “Bullet Imbert Sensitivity” with RDX rated at 0 and TINT at 100, The other explosives are expressed in = Tilion to these two. Velocity of detonstion U.S, EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE varies dinetiy with the density to which the xplsire is east ot peessad, all other factors being constant. The velocity of detonation vil, therefore, be given Zor ¢ definite density of loading 'TNT (Trinitrotolual): INT is powerful, bi- sant, ensy 10 load by esting since its melting Dwint (Grade A) is 80.2 degrees C., stable un- ‘der al stonage conditions, insenilve enough to stand all normal handling, and even eapable of standing bullet impact when est, The Navy ‘uses it asa oastar ina pressed granlar form in which It is more sensitive to detonator atin. ‘The velocity of detonation is 22,300 ft/sec. at a density of 185. Its Laboratory Iepact Valve is 100 Its Bullet Impact Value is 100 Its eolr is yellow tbat ‘Tetryl (Trinitrophenslmethylnitramine}: ‘etry heeause ofits combination of hig power, brsanoe, and sesiivity, isthe siawdard U8. booster charge, although tae Navy still uses an sporecable amount of granular TNT, It bee fwen tied foe erin charge Ines in sll el- ber projectiles, but has proved top sensitive fo withstand the setback in all but 20am ft isustd ac abaco charge in compound detonstors, ‘Ths, i effet, makes it a smal booster in in- timate contact with the initiating exzlosive. ‘The melting pont of Tetry| (18) degrees C.) is too high to allow it to be melted and cast, Ite loadd by being mixed with small quanti- ties of graphite or stearic aid which serve to Tubriate it while tis being pressed into pele leis Tey is quite safe to handle and ig ex tromely stable in stowage, Exposed or loose ‘Tete should not Se handed, as it may cause dermatitis, ‘The velcty of detonation is 24400 ft/see. at a density of 1.5. Is alo is light yelow, ‘tit in naualy gray boesuse of the graphite, 1218 more powerful then TNT. Its Laboratory Impaet Value is 45, Its Bullet Impact Value is, Explosive D (Ammonium Plerate): Expeslve Dis the standard main charge for armorpire- ing bombs nd projectiles and other Navy pro- ects. While its power and brisance are OP 664 slightly inferior to TNT, itis mvc mone ine sensitive Wo shock and wll stand inet oa armor plate without being dfiagrated, It has ‘bea other disadvantages: (1) Ie melting pint is too high for it to he meltad and cast, and it ie therefore leaded by bebe pressed into cases bya hydraulic rani; (2) Te reacts with ratae to form extremely sensitive compounds. This is counteracted by covering the interior of bomb or projectiles wit acd-prct lequer. Its rate of detonation is 21,300 fh/see. at a density of 1.48. Is power and brisaaee are about 05% theae of TNT, Its Laborstory In sot Value is 99; its Ballet Impect Valve is ‘over 100, Tes color 38 yellow ot yeom-orange. ROX (Cydonite Cyeotrimethpleetrnitae sine): RDX s the mos! powerful and brisant of the niitary high explosive, and itis consid- cred mush lao sonsitive to ase alono, Tt seems tobe about half way between Tetey] and PETN in sensitivity. RDX is being us extensively ‘ninixiures of otter explosives ant inerts whi rece the sensitivity to a safe vange, while ‘the mixtures have a vory high brisanse and power ds to the RDX. [thas exellent stowage quale, but, because of its sensty, itis shipped immersed in water like an initiating explosive. The volcty of detonation is 28,000 ft see. at 2 density of 1.70. Ite Laboratory Impact Value is 34. Its Bullet Impact Value 15 0. Its oor Is whl PEIN (Pentuerythritetetranitate): PETN resentles RDX in its characteristvs. Is some- ‘what more sonsitive, but almost ual in power an brisene. It is anrstably more sensitive ‘to pereusson ard impact than Tetrel and is, therefore, not used aloae as a booster, hough it is being used as a bse charge in some com- pound detonstos in the way Tetryl is. The tendeney of PETN to bum is much Jess than ‘hat of similar explosives. Its main use alore in ie sevice isin primacord, Wen used alone, PETW is combined with» small quantity of wax ‘te dasensitiae and lnbvieate if, and is Tnaded by presing. It is important to know that PRTN ‘in primaeord is ver Sasenstiv vo lame shock, and friction, and therefore must be detonated by o cp, GENERAL INTRODUCTION SSeS Orvr'v ‘The eloity of detonation of PETN is 2,000 ft joe, The velclty of detonation of primacord is 20000 fy/see Its Laboratory Impact Value 5s 22 lis Ballet Impact Valu, though not give, ‘would be about equal to RDK (0). Its eokr is shite, Haleite (EDN, Ethyleneinitramine):Hale- ste isa new explosive that probably will nt be ‘used alone, but will be used jn combination sith other exposes. tis somewhat more pow cul than TN, Its seastbity 3s about the same a8 Ter). [tells at 160 degrees C, but ae repirt sites that it may detonate in. the raanar of an intisting explosive at that te perature or a hte lower. If aded alone, it veonkd be pressed, Ils rate of detonation is 25000 Mhsex. ab a density of 1.5. Its Labor tory legac Value ie 48 Its Ballet Impset Vale is oot aval Nitrozuanidine: Nitrozuaniine isthe explo- sive incorgorated in the Nasy’s new double- ‘based propellant powder, SPCG. It is unusual in boing & high oxplesise that is so cool in its ection taat it explodes without fash. It is nparable in strength to TNT, audits eensi- tivity is of the sume order. Its rte of detons tion is 24400 fou, at a density of 160, Amatol: Aratnl, a sutitute for TNT, is & mixture of ammonium citrate and TNT; the percentage of ammonium nitrate, depending upon the avalbilty of TNT, bat varied fom 40% ta 80%. Tks power and brisance destease with the inereasing percentages of nitrate, and Me sensitivity decreases at the same tine, However, i is stil a fairly good high expe- sive, even when the TNT is nedueed to 206. 80/0 camat be est, sineeits not tid enough topour even shen TNT s molten, adit there fore must be loaded by extrusion, Amatol has a disadvantage in that i is very hygroeopie and therefore ie usally peotsted by a sealing pour of pare TNT. "The velocity of detonation of see. at a density of 14, Impact Value is $8. Its Bullet Impact Veluo abont 100, Its eoloe is bu Composition B: Composition B is intended to be used a more powerful replacment for TTNT in the lading of some of the large size GLP. bom, ant in fragmertaton Bombs, IL will be used where an explosive with more ower and brisence sof tactical advantage and there is uo objection to a sight innesse of sanitvity Commastion BL is a mixture of 195¢ RDR, 40% TST, ao fe was, Composition B2 is a mixture of 60% RDX, 40% TNT, The TNT fafa down the sonsitisity of the RDX to a safe range and lowers the melting point to 81 ‘egress C., allowing the material to be east loaded, Comecition B might be detonstad st low order by ballet pect, but itis almost a8 n= sensitive as TNT inthis resect It hasan ex tremely high shapalcharge eficeney. Tks ve- Josity of detonation is 24500 Hose, of a density of 160, Te total energy of blast in air ie about 116% of that of TNT. Is Labora- tory Impact Value is 7% Tts Bullet Impact ‘Value is 79, Tis color i yejow to brows, Torpex: Tonpe i one of the exposes de- veloped doving this war to be used mainly in underwater oninance. The original Torpex (Tor ex 1) was a mistue of 459% RDX, 87% TNT, 18% Aluminum powder (1% wax aided). Tor ex 2, which io now being used, is 42S ROX, 40% TNT, 18% Aluminum poder (1% 3x se). ICs used in mines, torpeto war heads, are depth ons, Torpex is more eeastive than ‘TNT; its bullet impact and drop test senstivi= ties are of the same onder as those of Tetrl I is quite stable in stowuge though it reduces czs, causing pressure inte case tis isensi= tive enough to stand all nomal handling. Tts rneling pint is low enough for it to be east. loaded, Tis velocity of detonation is 24,000 fh ee, at a dansty of 172, Ibis 141% a power falas TT, Is Laboratory Impact Veh is 68. Tis Bullet pact Value is 48, Its eolor is slate say. BX (Depth Bomb Rxplesive): DBX fs &n- other aluminizad ROX mixtace, and its name 3 U.S. EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE suggests ils intended use. Ik is 1% RDX, 214% ‘lotinurs Nitate, 40% TNT, 184 Aluminem. 1 was designed to replace Torpox, which tt closely nesenbes insensitivity, strength Dri- saree, and enersy of such water, but half of the strategic RDX in Toxpex is relaced by Ammonium Nitrate in DBX, Tt will prob. ably nt be use, as the presant supply of RX. soem aequite to meet the demand, DRX cau be east, though Its melting range of @-105, Alegress C.is about the upper limit Its webity cf etonation is 9.200 foe, at a density oF 188, It is 149% as powerful as TINT under water [i Laboratory Inpaet Value isnot given. Us Bult Impuek Vale eB Is olor is gray BX: BX is a now mistore designed to replace Toypex in depth bombs, Tt has baen Teaded the Flt Nose Bom AN-Wk 54 Mot 1, HBX is Ave RDX, 38° TNT, 17% Alum num powder, 5%6 desensitiaes. Tests indicate that it sill be about 984 to 100% a3 powerful cs Torpox, that i wll definitely be Tess. sens tive than Torex in beth Laboratory. Impact and BuletTrapact that it will be slightly more sensitive in these respects than TNT, and thas it will be aboot the sume order as Compo. sition B A cifleuity with Torpex and HEX is that they produce gas and bul! up pressure in the ace during stowage. It hes been discovered that 059% ip waight of ealeum ehorie aed to te mistare will absorb all the meistuee am clminate the oreduelion of gus. IL has been recommended that tis percentage be adel and that the resulting mixturs be designated Tor pex Sand HBX 1 Composition A; Composition A is « mixture of £104 RDX and 8% pasticizng ol. The oll content is suficient to desensitize the mixture and lbriata it enoogh to allow ito be prassed {nto AA. shal, whi will probably be its prscipal use, It is Wess sensitive than TNT in both dhop and alle impact ests. It appreciably more bisant and powerful, ais indicat by ite vleity af detonation of 27,1 ‘set. at a density of LA2. Its Laboratory Impact Value is 105, Is Bullet Impeet Yelue 4 OP 1664 is ovar 100, te color may be white or hut, depencing ypon the ear of the oi, Tetrytol: Tetrytol isa iste of Totes] and NT (70/3 Iss frequent rath) TEs designed Aooltain »Tetryl bnoster that may be cast This rnistar is ight oss powarful and es sasi- tive than Tete, Its pacielar seis i burster tubes for chemieal toms, in demition bck, and in cast shaped charges, It cansot be used where the loded stem is immersed in hot ex- plosive, as are the auxiliary bosstoe in tho loading of Army bombs, beeansa it will be nee ‘melted by the heat and separation will resalt, 1 is approved for use Ja all otber boosters. Its velocity of detonation is 24,000 ft,/'ses st a dawsity of 1.60, Ite Leboeatary Impact Value is 45 fs Bullet Impaet Valo s 55. Hs cor is yellow Penlolte: Penisle isa mixture of TNT aad PRTN, weually 51/50, Its chief uses have been in smal shell loading, in grenades, aud Sa cat shaped charges. It has # very high shaped. change efieieney, Tt is not as stable as TNT in stowage, and separation of PETN may ocent forts ehoul bo made to koe it el, Tt ean sitivity is sich thet it eamct be dil, and the fuse eaves in sels Unet must be dried sve poured with 90/10. I; iy about the same sensitivity as Tet in drop tets, and move sensitive than Torpes to bullet impact. Its bosance and power are equivalent to Cumposi= tion B. At a density of Lit rate of detona- tion is 24000 fi /se. Tis Lavoratory Tpaet Value is 47. ts Built Impact Value is 48 Ednata: Binatelis a mixture of 51% BDNA tnd 18fe TNT, designed to ease the shortage of RDX. In the near future, it will be loaded sa sulsitte for Composition B in large G2. bombs and fragmentation bumbs I is some- (shat more powerful thax TNT and compara In sensitiity acco softenough to pour at 0 degres Candis, therefore ast Its ex tirely stable in stowage. Ab a density of 60, i has a velocity of detonation of 24,3000 TEs Laboratory imipaet Valu ie not given, Is Bullet Inna, Vslue i 88, Is elo eye. PRXeL: PTX is 9 new torary exsosive that is undergoing tests and may be wdopted or lading in shells bombs, grenades, mines, femoitin boeks, an shaped chances It it 2 mixture of 80% RDX, 60% Tots], and 20% ‘TIT This mistre gives avery hgh explosive cual to Cempositi Bard Pentobte, end superior to Tetrytal and Banat. Its es se sitive than Telrytol and more stable. Its 9 Joly of delonation is 24200 ft/sec. at @ Alensity of 1.86. Ite Laboratory Immact Yaloe {3 40 (estimated). ts Ballet Impact Value is not given Its enor is ye. PIX-2: PTN-2 is another teary explosive mixture undergoing study for possible future tse It consists of 182% RDX, 28% PEI 2R8% TST. It is slightly more sensitive ia Gop and bullet imac tests than Compton B, but a litle less sensitive then Pentlite Tt is more brivaat than any of the binaey mix tures now used, whith would inelde Compo sition B, and is aboat 10% more effective than ‘Titrel asa booster. It may be usel as a booster, 4B a main charge for fragmentation mmani- tion, and asa shaped charge. Its melting point is auch that it wil be east. Is velocity of deto- ration is 26200 F./se, at a density of 1.0% Ms Laboratory Inpact Vale is 50 detinated). Its Bullet Impact Value isnot given. Is eclor is yelow. Composition C: Composition C8 is the only ‘one of the Compisition ( series now In pro octon, though quanlles of the otters may be found ip the fle. tis 77% RDX, 8% Tet yl 4% TNE, 1% Nitvlllose, 5% NNT (Mononitotolad}, 105; DNT (Dinitretoua, ‘The lest two, while they are explosives, are coy biuiés and plastiie the mixture. The es- sata eiference between Compostion C-band Composition C-2 is the aubetitution of 96 Tet- ‘jl for 8% RDX, whih improves the plastic gates. Composition C-1 was 88.3% RDX and 11% nlasticing ol, The changes here been made inorder to obtain a plastic compe: tion that world meet the reouironents of an Heal explosive for wold and shaped changes and that would maintain ts plasticity over ‘GENERAL INTRODUCTION wide range of temperature and not exo ol (Composition C- is about 1.85 times as x= crf a5 TNT. Its veorty of detonation is 26, (00 1/9, a a density of 1.58, The Laora- tory Impact Value is 98. Hs Bullet Impact Value is over 100 Its colar is brown. PEP: This isa new plastic explosive being tested for futare use, PEP.2 is a mitre of Ble PETN and 14% plastiening oi, PEP-2 syas 856 PEIN ar 19% ol, bu twas tle to soft, PEP-2 is aout 90% as powerful and Drisant #5 Composition C, bat its stowage sta- Uilty and plestie range are anoch batter. Its sensitivity is aboot the same as Composition though it has much Iss tendeney to ur. Prato: Pieratol is miature of 52/6 Bx posive D and 48%; TNT. It is currently used In the 20006, SAP, Bomb MIO8 and is under consideration for appliance in other Army APs and SA.P/s, Porat’ slaty is sboot equal ta that of Explosive D and TNT. Tt bas rate of detonation of 22375 f,/se. sta normal Trading dencity of 1825, Brisenee test, peak pressure tests, and impulse tests indeake Ut Peratot’s destructive force is eomemtat Tos than thet of INT, but greater than that of Explosive D. Cyelotl 70/90 Cyelote] 70/80, a mixture of 0% RDX and 30% TNT, closely resembles Composition B except for the altered prop tions of the conmogenis, and is designed as 1 replaement for Peatolt. It will nt, how vet, have Pentlle's resistance to fame "Though results of tests arent avaiable, Cycle fol my be antiipated to be more sensitive than Compsttin B, ut considerably les thea ental “Triton: Triton is compssed of 80 TINT snd 20% Aluminum powder ant is conten plated for nse ip some 400, bight-Case Boris AN-356, in the JT-2, end in cover GP, bons (Arey 500- and 100, GP), sere marimum blast effet is desired, Titonal eens, soeregtion of the aluminum being pre ‘ented by a pelle lading technique. Te Labe ‘ator Impact Valu is 69; Bulle Impact ¥aloe is 61; and velocity of dtonalion is 18.00 see, ab a density of L7H EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE Mercury Fulmizate: Mereury Fulminate is an jniating exphsive that may be used as ‘ether a primer or sudetontor. It maybe dato ralad by dame, friction, or pereussion, and in turn detonate a booster; o it may be mixed with other materials to form a primer compar sition and used ta ignite a propellnt charge Its melting point i much too high for it to te cast, amd it i nae by being pressed into fans. It has one disadvantage for miltary use tn that will decompose in stowage at rupcal temperatures and at the end of about three yeura may be rendored usslets, Comparod to high explosives, thes ower power and erisanee, ‘fagt whieh is indizated by its veloety of deto- nation of 16500 fst. at a density of 40. Its Laboratory Impact Value is 8. Its color is light yoo. Lead Aride: Lend Aide may be used where 8 detonation is caused from fame, but Mereury Fulininate is generally referred where the cap is to be sot off by a dring pin. It does have OP babe 2 distinct advantage over Mereury Fulninate in being completely stable in stowage at ele vated temperatures. Its rate af detoration is of the same onder ag Fulmiate, 17500 fee, 1 density of 400, Its Laboratory Impact Value is 19. Is eclor is white, DDNP: This i an initating explosive whieh das been used for some time in commerssl Getonating eaps and is now being sed to some cofont in military typo It ie more insensitive to shovc than Blorewy Pulminate and Lea Aide, though st may be detonated by # sharp How. 1t wil, therefore, prtably be used ony here i wil be set of electrical ce by mine's safely fase, [thas en advantage i being more powerful shan other initiating explosives ani Ieing comparable in strength to Teryl. If un- ‘oufned fame will cause itt fas. but wil not elonate it This, combined with ts insensitivity to shock, makes it much more safe te handle. NAW DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF ORDNANCE WASHINGTON 25... 28 Mav 1997. ORDNANCE PAMPULET 1664 ‘TED STATES EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE 1. Gninanee Pamphlet 1664 deserves and ilusteates United States Novy projets, Amy and Navy voekls, pyeotechaes, grenades, land mines, luombs, and guided isi. 2, Tais publication enntains information on the characteristics of com yp and operation of value tothe stulent of ordnance. 3, This publication supersedes the handbonks on American explosive ‘oninance published by the U, $. Navy Bomb Dispose School all copes of ‘vio shall be destroyed in acurdance with appienbe security regulation, Hussey, Je, Admiral, US. Wa Ghief of the Bureew of Ordrance PROJECTILES, PROPELLANTS, AND PROWECTLE FUZES CChaphr 1 = PROJECTILES gy sone mata tae susciggmte Romar ee Eis i Sea cee awaits Gh SA cence oe SERED at ccnrtege EM sede ne ma Rei eo healriee Bemeabccemse Ebimcwnne cme SciSmismtint Seetme hens ee a nace car Sy ewe net ner ‘ies U.S BoLosWE oRONANCE eg an he ee SEES Resets pel Ore ‘lear sy Cooks sere snot Cn ha ofr sey al te Suef ae he Tipteers ity Go oe wee eae wc me ‘nad wre rd bat an oe ee ee Dey aie deters = Seer ela RS U.S, EaLosve OFONANCE SE ilpa N in Nw Brea tm gies Eauiomenneas Sea eo armas oot ‘Pencarian iit ik “Re ote antral SEER eet ome emai aa ome EEL cern snaps nape ges ae En RP lm at ca tit SP co oc Rg te Sint cee separ ee htt; SA ht Sane mt LETRAS erates Whprise Cees trt oe oetaleeaes atta te ah Hain es U.S. APLOMHE ORDNANCE or ve vette Lg ener i nie waneeaiitris Trtiemarmeeaeee spt, SOURS ia SPs” Sere nee oe ge are Sing a ns The og re Ct ed ming atone pees doch Gow op ote “ere gotta payin er A oe a aime easement ita ntsc efter a ue s AP, apln ana mia a __soouction ro reoweemes ESExe sree ‘wre sano twice —“p cr 10% oF 600 am ae Reb -ESEREL Bekewiaioe Bienes Re tetra ret 7/2 Cae On nits Fn 1 88 a on nit hn tanh agin a he ti Teshnetin Link AA re ch AML 31 Md | scree fun wwe _ LL <_]] |__| l. “LL ‘reo ts. ‘Se Meh tig” ning hrc io et tat Bg he eS er ii tattle Nh Maan M5 od Reet, sso lag SN ae ag So aaa ne OUT Ne aS ORS OTE) igh ining Me 28 Mad | ‘ch aig MA 24M ‘iter aa in a) |= Chapto Seton 3 sence peoseemtes| ‘hp Connon Mode nd 2 etn eo TS ae ks ‘sch Corman M$ Med (bse) Ah Caron M18 Med | 2 aed tac Pat |= Chara |— Sec 4 Us Eonve omoNANcE eee Te “mare ae pts Sich Soni Common 4 Mod aed 2 ‘Smart, oa yt em fyb ie et eh ann MS 2d ae Bhi e ee aaa The UR Po et SS Stone Sigh AA. 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