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Purpose of Lubrication
Reduce the frictional resistance of the
engine to a minimum to ensure maximum
mechanical efficiency.
from
the
Lubrication Systems
Two Stroke Engines
Mist lubrication system
Wet sump lubrication system
Four Stroke
Engines
Dry sump lubrication system
Mist lubrication system is mainly employed in twostroke cycle engines, whereas wet and dry sump
systems are used in four-stroke cycle engines. The
wet sump system is employed in relatively small
engines, such as automobile engines, while the
dry sump system is used in large stationary,
marine and aircraft engines.
3
C o n n e c t in g r o d
b e a rin g s
M a in b e a r i n g
m a in
b e a rin g
Low er
o il p a n
O il
tro u g h s
O il p u m p
O il S t r a i n e r
C o n n e c t in g r o d
b e a r in g s
M a in b e a r in g
m a in
b e a r in g
O il p u m p
O il S t r a in e r
Cam shaft
End leakage
from rod
Header m ain
line
bearing
Oil pum p
Oil Strainer
Vent
P re ssu re
re le a se
v a lv e
S u p p ly
Tank
O il p u m p
E n g in e cra n k ca se
D ry su m p
S tra in e r
F ilte r B y-P a ss
P re su u re
re lie f v a lv e
F ilte r
S ca v e n g in g p u m p
9
10
SAE 5
SAE 10
SAE 20
SAE 30
SAE 40
SAE 45
SAE 50
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As
SAE 10W-40
SAE 5W-30
SAE 10W-50
SAE 5W-40
SAE 15W-40
SAE 5W-50
SAE 15W-50
SAE 10W-30
SAE 20W-50
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16
Classification of Lubricants
Animal
Vegetable
Mineral
Synthetic
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Vegetable Lubricants
Examples of vegetable lubricants are:
Castor oil, Olive oil, Cottonseed oil
Animal and vegetable oils have a lower
coefficient of friction than most mineral oils
but they rapidly wear away steel.
Mineral Lubricants
These lubricants are used to a large extent
in the lubrication of aircraft internal
combustion engines.
There are three classifications of mineral
lubricants:
Solid, Semisolid, Fluid
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Synthetic Lubricants
Because of the high operating
temperatures of gas-turbine engines,
it became necessary to develop
lubricants which would retain their
characteristics at temperatures that
cause petroleum lubricants to
evaporate and break down.
Synthetic lubricants do not break
down easily and do not produce
coke or other deposits.
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Additives
Anti-foam Agents
Detergent-Dispersants
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Conclusions
In order to minimize friction between the
moving parts and hence wear, lubrication
system in an engine plays a significant
role. The lubrication system is designed to
deliver clean oil at the correct
temperature and pressure to every part of
the engine. Lubricating oil can be
supplied
to
the
various
engine
components by a splash system or by a
pressurized system or a by a combination
of both. In two-stroke engines, oil is mixed
with the fuel itself.
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References
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6. Heisler H, (1999), Vehicle and Engine Technology, Arnold Publishers.
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12. Rogers GFC, and Mayhew YR,
YR (1992), Engineering Thermodynamics, Addison
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