Electromagnetic Spectrum

BY: PEYTON BRAND

What is it?
The Electromagnetic Spectra contains:
Electromagnetic waves are originated from the

vibrations of charged particles.

Wavelengths are measured in (nm) nanometers.

Types of waves: Transverse waves

All types of electromagnetic radiation and light are transverse waves.
If a Transverse wave goes through a medium then the mediums particles

will be perpendicular to the movement and direction of the wave of where

its travelling.
Some examples of transverse waves are:
Radio Waves
Microwave
Infared Radiation
Visible light
Ultraviolet light
X-ray

Types of waves: Longitudinal waves

It is the movement of particles which are parallel to

the motion of energy.

Its mediums particles move parallel.

Other types of Waves

Sound Waves: It is waves which move in the air.

Surface Waves: The waves move in a circular motion. An
example of it would be waves in the ocean.

What is frequency?
Frequency is described as many waves pass at a

certain time. For example, if it takes a second for

a wave to pass then the frequency is 2 per second.
You get both high and low frequency. Frequency is
measured in Hertz.

Diffrent types of waves

You get many different types of waves:
Radio Wave
Microwave
Infared Radiation
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-ray

Radio Waves
Radio Waves:
Stars and lightning are the natural sources of Radio

Waves. Artificial Radio waves are created by radio

transmitters.
The wavelength of radio waves are between 1
millimeter and 100 kilometers.

Microwaves
Microwaves:
The source of Microwaves are atoms and molecules

like electromagnetic radiation is generated by

thermal radiation. The sun is also a source of
Microwaves.
They range up to the manometers of 105 108

Infrared Radiation
Infrared Radiation:
The source of infrared radiation is heat and thermal

radiation.
Infrared radiation is about 700 nanometers.
If you are exposed to infrared radiation it can
damage your eyes but also your skin.

Visible Light
Visible Light:
The source of Visible Light is the sun.
The wavelengths of Visible Light range up to 400 to

700 nanometers. The Visible Light is shown as the

colors of the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo and violet). From red (700 nm) being
the longest to violet (400 nm) being the shortest.

Ultraviolet Light
Ultraviolet light
The sun is a natural source of Ultraviolet light and

you can also get Ultraviolet light from stars.

The wavelengths of Ultraviolet light are shorter then
visible light wavelengths. Some insects like bumble
bees can see them but the human eye cannot.
Ultraviolet light has its own spectrum ranging from
high to low. They range up to about 10 to 400
nanometers.

X-ray
X-ray tube is a vacuum tube which then changes its

electrical power into X-rays. They say that X-ray

tubes were evolved from Crookes Tubes.
The wavelength of X-ray according to the spectrum
is 0.01 to 10 nanometers.

Person having an x-ray

X-ray Generator

Gamma Ray
Gamma Rays:
They are formed by the hottest and most energetic

objects in the world for example neutron stars,

pulsars, supernova and black holes.
The wavelengths are the shortest in the
electromagnetic spectrum. They range up to 1
nanometers.

Properties of the Visible Light spectra:

Colors: The Visible light spectra shows you all the

colors of the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green,

blue, indigo and violet). The primary colors are red,
yellow and blue. If you mix the primary colors
together then you will get secondary colors like
green, orange, purple and many more.

Sources:
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