I.C.E.

, IV, 2015-2016

Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

Stage 4 Column Design

4.1. Actions and combinations for design
4.2. Critical lengths of the column
4.3. Sizing the cross section
4.4. Verifications in U.L.S. combinations
4.4. Classification of the cross section
1.
4.4. Verifications for strength under combined state of
2.
stresses
2.4. Verifications for stability
3.
M,V- min/max
max
N Ed

VEdcor

cor
M Ed

corespunzator
N Ed

VEdmax

cor
M Ed

cor
N Ed

VEdcor

max
M Ed

4.1. Design values

in combinations N,

4.2. Critical lengths of the column

Static scheme adopted:
- in the transversal frame plane the column is fixed in the foundation and hinged at
the top; buckling about y-y:
Lcr,y = 0.7hc
- in the longitudinal direction the column is doubly hinged at the extremities;
buckling about z-z:
Lcr,z = hc
Still, as these values do not correspond entirely with the real conditions of
restraining in the plane of the frame (transversally) and normal to the plane of the
frame, in the longitudinal direction of the structure, thre may be a paralel possibility
to evaluate the critical lengths.

Buckling about y-y

Use the relationships for a rigurous approach with the help of the Woods curves:

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I.C.E., IV, 2015-2016

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Buckling about z-z:

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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

The restraining conditions at L/2, L/3 due to the second order structure that
sustain the walling system (joists) are considered doubly pinned.

4.3. Sizing the cross section

Choose a hot rolled universal section for columns, like HEA,HEB,HEM
Estimate a trial section with a selfweight determined with:
gc,k = (0.15..0.20)[kN/m]hc [m]
where hc is the length of the column from the base plate up to the capital level
Geometric characteristics

h ....mm

Sectional
characteristics
A .....mm 2

b ...mm

I y .....mm 4

t w ...mm

I z ....mm 4

t f ...mm

I t ......mm 4

r ...mm

W pl , y .....mm3
AV , Z ......mm 2

Sizing the section for the column

1) MEd Mpl,y,Rd =Wpl,y fyd
Extract Wpl,y min
lim=120; y=Lcr,y/iy
2)
Extract iy min
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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

3) Go to tabels and choose section

4) Verify:
max
cor
M ycor, Ed
M ymax
N Ed
N Ed
, Ed

0.7

0.7
fy
fy
fy
fy
A
W pl , y
A
W pl , y
M0
M0
M0
M0
i

4.4. Verifications in U.L.S. combinations

4.4.1. Classification of the cross section
Class 1 SR EN 1993-1-1:2006, tab. 5.2
Web:

c d h 2t 2r ;
f

t tw

max
N Ed
1
1

2
c tw f y

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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

Flanges:

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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

4.4.2. Verifications for strength under combined state of stresses

Members in bending in the presence of axial an shear forces, combined M-N-V

stresses (SR EN 1993-1-1, pct. 6.2.9.1).
The effect of axial force upon the rezistent bending moment about the relevant axis
of the symmetric class 1 sections, like I and H will be checked if:
NEd 0.15Npl,Rd and NEd 0.5hwtwfy,d
So:

M Ed M N , Rd

where:
MEd = Mmax,Ed
MN,Rd = MN,y,Rd
M N , y ,Rd M pl , y ,Rd

1 n

1 0,5a

cor
N Ed
N pl , Rd

A 2 b
tf
A

, dar a 0,5

Resistance to shear (SR EN 1993 1-1-, pct. 6.2.6)

VEd
1
Vc, Rd

Vc, Rd V pl , Rd (in absenta rasucirii )

max
VEd VEd
si V pl ,Rd

Av, z ( f y / 3)

M0

Av , z

Av, z A 2bt f t f (2r tw )

- shear area in the z-z plane

for I and H sections:

The effect of shear upon the plastic resistant bending moment (SR EN 1993-1-1, pct. 6.2.8)
mai be neglected if:

Vmax, Ed
V pl , Rd

0,5 se neglijeaz

If:

Vmax, Ed
V pl , Rd

0,5 se calculeaza M y ,V , Rd

M y ,V , Rd

Aw2
Wy , pl

4t w

M0

cu Aw hw t w

2VEd

si
1
Vz , pl , Rd

And the verification is :

I.C.E., IV, 2015-2016

Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

M Ed M y ,V , Rd

4.4.3. Verifications of stability of the column under compression and

bending about y-y (SR EN 1993-1-1, pct. 6.3.3)

M y , Ed
N Ed
k yy
1
N b , y , Rd
M b , y , Rd
M y , Ed
N Ed
k zy
1
N b, z , Rd
M b, y , Rd
where:

N Ed , M y , Ed

- design values of the internal axial forces and moments in the

relevant combination of actions;
A f y
A f y
W y , pl f y
N b, y , Rd y
N b, z , Rd z
M b, y , Rd LT
M1
M1
M1
;
;
y , z
- reducing factors of byckling about y-y and z-z;
LT
- reducing factor for flexural torsional buckling (open sections);
k yy , k zy
- interaction factors (Annex B, SR EN 1993-1-1)

- buckling curves:

- imperfections factors:
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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

Buckling about y-y:

y

Lcr , y

iy

y
1

y
93.9

; 1

_
1 y ( y 0.2) y2

y 0.5

y2

_
y2

A f y
Nb, y , Rd y
M1
Buckling about z-z;
_
L

z cr , z
z z
iz
1
,

_
1 z (z 0.2) z2

z 0.5

z
z

_
2
z z2

A f y
Nb, z , Rd z
M1

Flexural torsional buckling:

I.C.E., IV, 2015-2016

LT

Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

LT
,
1

LT

Lcr , z / iz
2

1 Lcr , z / iz
C1 1

20 h / tf

0.25

Alegerea curbei de flambaj:

curba b, cu LT 0.34
curba c, cu LT 0.49

LT ,0 0.4

0.75

_
_
_

2
LT 0.5 1 LT (LT LT ,0 ) LT

LT

1
_

2
2
LT LT
LT

Wy , pl f y
M b, y , Rd LT
M1
Interaction factors determined according to the symplified method,
Anexa B, SR EN 1993-1-1:2006

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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

4.5. Capital of the column

RGZ - truss reaction
(1) cap plate
tc=15.20 mm
(2) - stiffener
td t w
bd 0.5b tw
hd

The length of the stiffener (2) is determined considering the necessary length of the
fillet welds that connect it to the web of the column:
R

s GZ f vw,d
RGZ
Aw
lw lw,d 2aw
lw,d
4awfvw,d

Aw 4 aw lw,d

hd lw (modulat la10mm)

4.6. Column base plate

For the base plate

tp=20mm
B b 2tt 4 2d 0
L h 4 2d0
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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

For the gusset (if necessary)

tt 15mm
bt L

4.6.1 Anchor bolt (hold down bolt)

The column is gixed in the foundation with 4 anchor bolts. The diameter of the bolt
is determined from the condition to resist to traction ( tension stresses may be
developed under the base plate due to the effect of the bending moment).
Ft , Ed Ft ,Rd
cor
M max
y, Ed N Ed
Ft , Ed

ht f
2
0.9 As fub
Ft , Rd 2
M 2

d s 0.89d d

As

Ft ,Ed M 2
2 0.9 fub

d s2
A

s
4

ds

4 As

ds
0.89

4.6.2. Base plate subjected to compression

The design is based on the theoretical model presented in SR EN 1993-1-8: the
flexible base plate is replaced by an equivalent rigid plate, this one being obtained
from the print of the column cross section to which a stripe with the dimension c is
added on the perimeter of the column section, where:

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c tp

Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

fy
3 f jd
M0

f jd

- resistance of the grout layer between the base plate and

the foundation.
The characteristic values of the resistance of both the grout and the concrete are
considered
Class of resistance of the concrete
C20/2 C25/30 C30/3 C35/4 C40/50
5
7
5
2
13
16,7
20
23,3
26,7
fcd N / mm

f jd N / mm 2

13

16,7

20

23,3

26,7

If the pressure under the equivalent surface of the base plate is considered as
evenly distirbuted the rezistance to compression is:
Fc,Rd f jd Aeff
And the verification to compression is:
max F
N Ed
c, Rd

4.6.4. Base plate under axial force and bending moment

CASE 1
excentricity zone

verification

Resistant moment in the

connection

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M
L
e Ed
N Ed
6

Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

M max
y, Ed M j ,Rd

Both left and right are

active in compression

Fc , Rd

Rezistence of the conpressed area in the connection

The resistance is given by the lowest value between the resistance of the column
flange and the part of the web in compression and the resistance to compression of
the base plate (as the sum between the active parts in compression):

Fc, Rd min Fc, fc, Rd ; Fc, pl , Rd

M c, Rd M pl ,Rd
Fc, fc,Rd

ht f
h t f

Fc, pl ,Rd f jd Aeff

Aeff 2 beff
leff ; beff

2c t f ;

leff

2c b

Fc,l , Rd Fc,r ,Rd Fc, Rd

z h t f

zc,l zc,r

h tf

2 2

e=excentricity
FC,l,Rd
- resistance to compression of the left area of the connection;
FC,r,Rd
- resistance to compression of the right area of the connection.

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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

CASE 2
excentricity

M Ed
L

N Ed
6

zone

verification

Left side in tnesion and

right side in
compression (reversible
in symmetric situations)

M max
y, Ed M j,Rd

Resistant moment in the

connection

zC ,r

h tf

2 2

zT ,r

h
2d0
2

zT ,r h

tf
2

2d 0

Fc,r , Rd
Resistance of the zone in compression It will be determined as the lowest value from the resistances of the components of
the connection under compression forces

Fc, Rd min Fc, fc, Rd ; Fc, pl , Rd

M c, Rd M pl ,Rd
Fc, fc,Rd

ht f
h t f

Fc, pl ,Rd f jd Aeff

Aeff beff leff ; beff 2c t f ;

leff 2c b

Resistance of the zone in tension - FT,l,Rd

FT , Rd min( Ft , pl , Rd ; Ft ,wc, Rd )
Ft , pl , Rd

- resistance of the zone of the base plate obtained from a number of

equivalent T-stubs, which depend on the type of failure mechanisms developed:
Ft , pl ,Rd min( FT ,12, Rd ; FT ,3,Rd )
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Steel Industrial Building-Design Project

Mode 1-2 complete plastic failure mechanism of the base plate:

2 leff ,1 M y, pl , Rd
FT ,12, Rd
m

Mode 3 failure mechanism of braking the anchor bolts in tension

FT ,3, Rd Ft ,Rd 2

0.9 As fub
M 2

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