Piping Design Requirements For Turbine Systems

Document type
STIM-03.002
Revision/Date: 14 2010-04-12
No.:
Steam Turbine Information Manual
Issued by: E F PR SU R&D SV 1
Title
Piping Design Requirements for Turbine Systems

Proj Code
UA
Content Code
UNID-Nr
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Siemens AG
Energy Sector
Preliminary
Final
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Piping Design Information for Turbine

Systems
Document No.:
STIM-03.002
Revision/Date:
Page:
14
2010-04-12
2 of 12
Released by:
Logar
E F PR SU R&D SV 1
Signed Logar
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Reviewed by:
Leu
E F PR SU R&D SV 1
Signed Leu
23.04.2010
Prepared by:
Naskidashvili
E F PR SU R&D SV 1
Signed Naskidashvili
23.04.2010
Name
Org. Unit
Signature
Date
REVISION SHEET
REVISION
006
REISSUE
DATE
2002-11-22
007
2003-08-18
008
2004-03-25
009
2005-04-22
010
2007-03-12
011
012
2008-03-06
2008-04-24
013
2009-08-06
014
2009
SECTION
DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE
1, 2, 5.1
4.1, 5.2.2,
5.2.3
4.3
4.4, 5.4
Figure 1
4.3
5.2.2 a
2.2
4.2 4.10
National standards (DIN, VGB, etc.) added

Welding and piping design requirements changed
Distance changed from 2.0m to 1.5m
All
Table 1
Figure 2
4.3
4.4
Figure 2
Table1
4.15
Figure 1
Table 1
2.1
3.2
4.3
4.14
All
All
Siemens AG
Energy Sector
Items added
changed
Description of 1.5m distance changed.
Description of 1.5m distance changed.
Section revised
Sections added
- requirements defined with must
- layout changed
- table with forces and moments added
- table with PED categorization added
Requirements for in- and outlet zones and vibrations
added
PED table deleted
NPS 0.25 added
Dismantling heights of actuators added
-Validity of restrictions for the use of socket welds
added
-EQ. (1) und MR =0. deleted
valid EG Machinery Directive added
equivalent Length is replaced by pressure drop
non return valve deleted
LP deleted
table updated
phrasing about screwed connections changed
Power Generation replaced by Energy Sector
Auxiliary Systems replaced by Turbine Systems

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TABLE OF CONTENTS1 ........................................................................................................... SCOPE

1.1
Responsibilities of the Pipe Designer:................................................................................ 4
2
GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1
National Standards............................................................................................................. 4
2.2
Interfaces............................................................................................................................ 4
2.2.1
Flanges ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.3
Connection symbol............................................................................................................. 5
3
PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 5
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4
PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................... 5
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
5
Contents and Description of the System Diagrams............................................................ 5

Pipe Size and Pressure Drop ............................................................................................. 5
Allowable Pressure and Temperature ................................................................................ 5
External Steam and Water Sources ................................................................................... 5
Connections to components............................................................................................... 5
Forces and Moments.......................................................................................................... 6
In- and outlet zones for regulating and non-return valves .................................................. 6
Vibrations ........................................................................................................................... 6
Draining and Warming of Steam Pipes .............................................................................. 7
Piping Slope ....................................................................................................................... 7
Pipe routing ........................................................................................................................ 7
Branch Connections ........................................................................................................... 7
Equipment Accessibility...................................................................................................... 8
Welded Connections....................................................................................................... 8
Threaded Connections ................................................................................................... 8
Piping with vacuum......................................................................................................... 8
Freeze Protection ........................................................................................................... 8
Screw Locking ................................................................................................................ 8
Dismantling heights of actuators..................................................................................... 8
PIPING SYSTEM FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 9
5.1
5.2
5.3
General............................................................................................................................... 9
Welding .............................................................................................................................. 9
Pretreatment and Cleaning ................................................................................................ 9
Figure 1: Restrictions for the use of socket welds..................................................................................... 11

Table 1: Allowable forces and moments ..................................................................................................... 12
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

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Revision/Date:
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SCOPE
This document covers the requirements for the design of interconnecting piping for the turbine
systems of the stem turbine. The specific scope of interconnecting piping is indicated on the
Turbine System Diagrams.
1.1 Responsibilities of the Pipe Designer:
The pipe designer shall be responsible for the design, analysis and specification of the
interconnecting piping systems in accordance with:
ASME B31.1 when designing according ASME
VGB R503 M and VGB R510 L when designing according DIN EN / ISO
GENERAL
2.1 National Standards
Specific standards issued by the following organizations shall apply where referenced
in this specification. It shall be the designers responsibility to obtain copies of all
referenced documents and drawings. Unless specific exception is taken and approved
by Siemens Energy, the referenced documents shall be considered binding.
ANSI
ASME
ASTM
American National Standards Institute

American Society of Mechanical Engineers
American Society of Testing Materials
or where required
DIN EN Deutsches Institut fr Normung / European Norm
ISO
International Standard Organisation
EG Maschinenrichtlinie/ EG Maschine Directive 2006/42/EG
Druckgerterichtlinie / Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 97/23/EG
2.2 Interfaces
The interfaces are described in the components drawings or in associated piping
connection list. The piping connections list xxxxx-980133 lists all connections and the
related outlines where these connections are described.
The major steam and condensate connections are described in the drawings xxxxx-980131
and xxxxx-980134.
2.2.1
Flanges
Bolts, studs and gaskets for flanges to which purchasers piping or other apparatus
connects are not furnished by Siemens Energy unless noted in the table of
purchasers connections, or unless the adjacent parts are furnished by Siemens
Energy. Studs, when furnished by Siemens Energy are of suitable length for piping
standard being used. All bolt holes for circular flanges straddle centerlines unless
otherwise shown.
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

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2010-04-12
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2.3 Connection symbol

Connections to be made by purchaser are indicated thus:
SPG
Purchaser
X nn(n)
PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Contents and Description of the System Diagrams
The system diagrams represent the technical context between components, piping system,
instrument & controls, design criteria and the scope of supply. For each interface a number
is given which can also be found in the piping connection list.
3.2 Pipe Size and Pressure Drop
A nominal pipe size (NPS) is given for each pipe on the system diagrams. The NPS
represents the best size for the volume flow and based on the experience of Siemens
Energy.
The maximum pressure drops are given for pipelines on the system diagrams, where the
pressure drops are significant for the working of the system. These pressure drops must
not be exceeded.
If the pipe size has to be changed due to exceeding the maximum pressure drop, Siemens
Energy has to be informed.
3.3 Allowable Pressure and Temperature
On each system diagram a table with the maximum allowable pressures and temperatures
is given for different pipe sections. The pipe designer is be responsible for choosing a
proper pipe material for the given pressure and temperature as well as for the adjoining
components.
3.4 External Steam and Water Sources
If external steam and water sources are required which must be provided by the customer,
the project specific requirements are included also in the system diagrams and in the
Steam Turbine Information Manual. In some cases there are also requirements which must
be considered for the adjoining systems. For any exceptions to these requirements, the
pipe designer must give the reasons for the exception and ask for a written solution.
PIPING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Connections to components
The design and fabrication requirements set forth in Sections 5.2.2 below must be
considered especially when using socket welds.
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

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Revision/Date:
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2010-04-12
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Where the pipe size is smaller than the component connection the reducer/transition
may be attached directly to the component
The first increase in the moment of inertia (i.e. diameter and/or wall thickness) must not
be allowed within a 1.5-m (59") zone around the component (see figure 1).
4.2 Forces and Moments

Incorporate those practices necessary for minimizing the forces and moments experienced
by the piping, piping supports, and the equipment to which the piping is connected during
start-up, transients, and normal operation of the plant.
The piping systems must be sufficiently flexible so that neither overstressing of the piping
nor overloading of attached components occurs.
The allowable forces and moments given in table 1 must be observed for all interfaces
where no specific forces and moments are given.
4.3 In- and outlet zones for regulating and non-return valves
The correct incoming and outgoing flow is important for the function of regulating and nonreturn valves. Therefore straight in- and outlet zones in front of and behind the valves must
be arranged as follows.
Inlet Zone
[mm]
Regulating Valves
Non-Return Valves
2Xd
2Xd
Outlet Zone
without measurement
[mm]
3Xd
2Xd
with measurement
[mm]
6Xd
2Xd
d is a inner pipe diameter.

In particular, the velocity of the medium in the pipe has a significant influence on the size of
the in- and outlet zones. The distances given above are based on the following velocities:
Liquids:
Steam (16 bar):
Steam ( 50 bar):
Steam (> 80 bar):
Gases generally
3 m/s
30 m/s
50 m/s
80 m/s
50 m/s
The required in- and outlet zones may only be decreased when the velocity in the pipe is
less than the above given velocities. The reduction of distances of the in- and outlet zones
can be carried out in the same ratio as the ratio of the velocities.
4.4 Vibrations
Vibrations can have several causes such as rotating machines like turbines and motors,
flows through piping, valves and fittings etc. To avoid serious damage of welds and
material, the piping must be supported by means of dampers and guides wherever there is
a hazard that vibration can arise.
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

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Since it is not possible to anticipate if vibrations occur during the piping design, it is
required that the piping be checked during commissioning. Special attention must be paid
to high-frequency vibrations, because they quickly reduce the endurance strength.
4.5 Draining and Warming of Steam Pipes
Incorporate those practices necessary for the prevention of water damage to the steam
turbine(s), see STIM-04.001
Incorporate those practices necessary for the prevention of water hammer. The steam
lines shall pitch continuously towards the lowest connection. Is it not possible to avoid
low points, they must be well drained in any case.
Incorporate those features that ensure proper warming and drainage of steam system
piping prior to its placement in operation.
4.6 Piping Slope

The following piping slopes shall be applied:
Minimum slope for all systems:
1 (1/5 inch per foot)
Gland Steam System:
preferable 2.5 (1/2 inch per foot)
Drain System:
preferable 5 (1 inch per foot)
Lines shall pitch continuously towards drain collection points. The minimum piping slope
shall take into account the thermal expansion of the piping. Pockets or low points must be
avoided wherever possible. Valve stations in steam lines must be located, whenever
possible, so that they are at the high point of the system with the lines pitching away on
either side to drain collection points.
The philosophy, however, must be to pitch these lines as steeply as possible because
when main cycle systems are warming up quite often the only driving force available to
drain the condensate is gravity. This happens because vacuum exists in the lines as well
as in the condenser. Hence there will be little, if any, pressure differential available to help
drain these systems. Therefore it is essential that these drain lines are properly pitched
and have the necessary flow passing capability.
If a system is to be continuously sloped in one direction provision must be made, for proper
drainage of any valve stations incorporated into the system. Valve stations which will
require drains must be located as near as possible to the condenser drip leg, or other
points of collection.
4.7 Pipe routing
The pipe routing shall be according to the system diagrams. For any exceptions to this
requirement the pipe designer shall give the reasons for the exception and ask for a written
solution. It is not permitted to connect lines with different pressure ratings.
4.8 Branch Connections
Branch connections for steam

Branch line connections must not be made at the bottom of steam headers because
they will serve as collection points for condensate.
Branch connections for condensate
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

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Branch line connections must be made at the bottom of steam headers

4.9 Equipment Accessibility
The piping system designs must provide for accessibility to and ease of dismantling of
piping, instrument connections, and equipment, and in-service inspection. Piping around
equipment and heat exchangers must be arranged and supported to permit ready access
for maintenance and inspection.
All regulating valves, shutoff valves, bypass valves, check valves, relief valves and
equipment which may require servicing must be located so that they shall be readily
accessible from permanent platforms or ground level.
4.10
Welded Connections
In general, the steam piping systems must be of all welded construction, except those
locations where flanged fittings are required for flushing, hydrostatic testing, or steam blow.
4.11
Threaded Connections
Threaded connections on steam piping must only be acceptable where no other connection
options are available, and then must be seal welded.
4.12
Piping with vacuum
Threaded connections must not be used for systems that operate below atmospheric
pressure. An exception to the preceding is for instrumentation connections to vacuum
systems (e.g., thermowells, etc.). In this case the copper or suitable gasket has to be fitted.
Valves must be equipped with a protection against the ingress of air (e.g. seal water,
bellow-seal valve).
4.13
Freeze Protection
If required, those features, such as insulating, heat tracing or draining that protect piping
systems against freezing must be incorporated into the design. This must be applied for all
components inclusive modules and valves, see STIM-12.004.
4.14
Screw Locking
All screwed connections must be secured against loosening.

4.15
Dismantling heights of actuators
If not otherwise mentioned, the following heights for dismantling of actuators must be
considered.
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

It is submitted in

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Document No.:
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Revision/Date:
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2010-04-12
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Required dismantling height

[mm]
DN25-DN50 / NVS 1 NVS 2
160
DN65 DN100 / NVS 2.5 NVS 4
200
DN125 DN200 / NVS 5 NVS 8
250
DN250 DN400 / NVS 10 NVS 16
400
PIPING SYSTEM FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS

5.1 General
The fabrication, inspection and testing of the piping system shall be per the requirements
of ASME B31.1 or where required according VGB R503 M + VGB R510L and STIM s and
Transmittal Drawings.
5.2 Welding
It is the responsibility of the welding contractor to match the weld end of the adjoining pipe
with the weld end of the SIEMENS PG component in terms of the weld end preparation
according to ISO 9692 or ASME B16.25, the inner pipe diameter and the wall thickness of
the connection. The following have to be taken into consideration:
5.2.1
All connections of SIEMENS PG components are supplied with butt weld ends
5.2.2
Siemens recommends that only butt welds are used. If socket welds are used for
piping which is connected directly to the turbine or to any components forming part
of the turbine (such as bearing casings) the following requirements must be
observed:
Socket welds are not be allowed within a 1.5-m (59") zone around the
component (see figure 1 ).
The selected wall thickness must be at least twice the value of the minimum
wall thickness calculated with Formula (3) in Section 104.1.2 of ASME B31.1.
Piping subjected to pronounced pressure fluctuations (e.g. pressure pulsation) such

as in the case of the control oil module must only be butt welded.
The design engineer must pay particular attention to ensure that pipes carrying
flammable fluids (e.g. turbine oil) are sufficiently screened/protected from hot
components (such as main steam pipes). With regard to components supplied by
Siemens, this could require the implementation of additional measures by the
customer. This must not affect the functional performance of the components
supplied by Siemens.
5.3 Pretreatment and Cleaning
All piping must always be treated and cleaned after fabrication at the manufacturer and
site. Since the piping can become dirty through improper storage and/or during assembly,
pre-cleaning must be done.
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

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Every piece of pipe which is prepared for final assembly must be subjected to cleaning.
Inner surfaces must be metallic bright, de-scaled and free of contamination (sand, dirt).
Before the actual preparation for assembly the pipe section must be inspected visually
for cleanness and damage. If fouling (e.g. rust) can be observed, mechanical cleaning
must be performed.
If several pipe sections are to be jointed together, the individual pipe sections must be
cleaned. The same applies to pipe sections which must be machined at the site.
Cleaning is necessary by every grinding, cutting lengths as well as every cutting
operation for nozzles, studs, etc. in a pipe.
Note:
Intensive and proper pretreatment and cleaning can reduce the flushing and
cleaning time drastically.
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

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Figure 1: Restrictions for the use of socket welds

Figure 1 shows restrictions for the use of socket welds exemplary on the bearing casing. These
restrictions are valid for all steam turbine components.
ST- Component
(e.g. bearing casing)
ST- Component
(e.g. bearing casing)
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

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Table 1: Allowable forces and moments

For all piping connections where no special allowable forces and moments are given, the values in
the following table must be taken.
THE ALLOWABLE RESULTANT FORCES (FR) ARE BASED ON NEMA STANDARDS SM 24
PARAGRAPH-9.4.6, ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON STEAM TURBINES,
THE ALLOWABLE RESULTANT MOMENTS (MR) ARE BASED ON B31.1 DESIGN CRITERIA,
CALCULATING THE EXPANSION STRESS (SR) AS PER PARAGRAPH 102.3.2, EQ.(1), AND
USING STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS BASED ON AN UNREINFORCED FABRICATED
TEE (APP.D).
THE ALLOWABLE REACTIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR THE STEAM TURBINE OIL, DRAIN AND
GLAND STEAM PIPING CONNECTIONS ON THE TURBINE. THEY ARE BASED ON THE
NOMINAL SIZE OF THE CONNECTION.
Nominal Pipe Size
DN / NPS
FR
Newton
MR
Pound
Newton-Meter
Inch-Pound
DN8 / 0.25
178
40
14
120
DN15 / 0.50
363
80
46
400
- / 0.62
408
90
52
450
DN20 / 0.75
454
100
58
500
DN25 / 1
680
150
115
1000
DN32 / 1.25
907
200
207
1800
DN40 / 1.5
1134
250
288
2500
DN50 / 2
1361
300
369
3200
DN65 / 2.5
1814
400
692
6000
DN80 / 3
2268
500
1152
10000
- / 3.5
2722
600
1500
13000
DN100 / 4
3175
700
2305
20000
DN125 / 5
3629
800
2881
25000
DN150 / 6
4536
1000
4610
40000
DN200 / 8
5097
1300
9220
80000
DN250 / 10
6804
1500
13825
120000
DN300 / 12
7258
1600
18440
160000
DN350 / 14
7938
1750
20169
175000
Siemens AG
Energy Sector

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