1. Name the three Yersinia species discussed in class.

2. A patient is suffering from acute gastroentitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis after consuming
contaminated food and water. What kind of pathogen is he infected with?
3. Which Yersinia species are responsible for acute gastroentitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis?
4. Protein made by Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis that allows invasion of

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epithelial cells by binding to Beta-1 integrins.

Causative agent of black death
How is Yersinia pestis transmitted?
How many pandemics of the Black death have there been?
What is a bubo?
What are the symptoms of bubonic plague?
What symptom is reason why the plague is called the black death?
What is the pneumonic plague?
How does the pneumonic plague occur?
How is the pneumonic plague spread from person to person?
Gram stain and structure of Yersinia pestis
Is Yersinia pestis motile?
Yersinia pestis is a facultative anaerobe, what does that mean?
Name common animal reservoirs for Yersinia pestis
Sketch the plague life cycle in animals/humans and show the role of fleas in transmission.

19. Name all the Yersinia pestis virulence factors.

20. Name all the Yersinia pestis virulence plasmids and the products they encode for.

21. Genus and species of a flea that has been implicated in transmission of the plague.
22. Parts of the fleas digestive tract that play a role in plague transmission.
23. Explain how Yersinia pestis can survive in the flea midgut.

24. Explain the role of biofilm formation by Yersinia pestis in fleas. Make sure to explain the
function of the biofilm, how it is formed, the role in colonization, and why its important for
transmission.

25. Explain how the flea environment prepares the Yersinia pestis bacteria for survival in a
mammalian host.

26. What is the plasminogen activator, where on the bacteria is it found, when is it expressed, what is
its target, and why is it important?

27. What plasmid encodes for the type III secretion system and Yops proteins?
28. What are Yops?
29. What are the differences between the in vitro and in vivo environments needed for the expression
and secretion of Yops?

30. What is the function of Yops?

31. What are the classes of Yops and which Yops falls in which class

32. What are the function of translocator Yops and list all of the translocator Yops.
33. What is YopE and what is its mechanism of action

34. What is YopH and what is its mechanism of action

35. What is YopT and what is its mechanism of action

36. What is YpkA and what is its mechanism of action

37. What is YopP/J and what is its mechanism of action

38. What is YopM and what is its mechanism of action