Presentation On

Work Stress
and its
Management
Guided ByPresented ByMr. Tarun K Vashisth
Singh Brar

Anmol

What is Stress?
Stress is a dynamic condition in which an
individual
is
confronted
with
an
opportunity,
constraint,
or
demand
related to what he or she desires and for
which the outcome is perceived to be both
uncertain and important.

The two types of

Stressors
Stressor is an activity, event, or other stimulus
that causes stress.

Challenge Stressors- These are the

stressors associated with workload ,
pressure to complete tasks , and time
urgency.
Hindrance Stressors- These are the
stressors that keep you from reaching
your goals. (For Example- red tape,
offi ce
politics,
confusion
over
job

NATURE OF STRESS
Stress is a neutral word
Stress is associated with constraints and

demand
Two conditions are necessary for potential
stress to become actual stress :
1. Uncertainty over outcome 2. outcome is
important
Stress is not simple anxiety
Stress should also be differentiated from
nervous tension
The term burnout is also associated with
stress

A Model Of Stress
Potential Sources
Consequences
Environmental
Factors

Economic Uncertainty
Political Uncertainty
Technological Change

Organizational
Factors

Task demands
Role Demands
Interpersonal Demands

Personal Factors
Family Problems
Economic Problems
Personality

Individual
Differences
Perception
Job Experience
Social support
Belief in locus of
control
Self- Efficacy
Hostility

Experienced
Stress

Physiological
Symptoms
Headaches
High Blood Pressure
Heart Disease

Psychological
symptoms
Anxiety
Depression
Decrease in Job
Satisfaction

Behavioral
Symptoms

Productivity
Absenteeism
Turnover

Potential Sources of
Stress
There are the main categories of potential
stressors Environmental factors
Organizational factors
Personal factors

Further is the detailed description of each

of these potential stressors-

Environmental Factors- The environmental

uncertainty influences the stress levels among
employees in an organization. There are three
main types of environmental uncertainty. These
areEconomic Uncertainty
Political Uncertainty
Technological Uncertainty

Organizational Factors- There are

certain organizational factors which can cause
stress. These factors have been categorized asTask demands
Role Demands
Interpersonal Demands

Personal factors- Besides the

Environmental and Organizational factors there
can be a number of personal factors which may
cause stress. The factors in the employees
personal life includeFamily Problems
Economic Problems
Inherent Personality Characteristics

Individual Differences
Some people thrive on stressful
situations, while others are overwhelmed
by them. This differentiation among
people in terms of their ability to handle
stress arises due to the differences in
their individual variables.
These variables includePerception
Selfeffi cacy
Job Experience
Hostility

Consequences of Stress
Stress shows itself in a number of ways,
such as high blood pressure, ulcers,
irritability, loss of appetite, and the like.
These symptoms fit under three general
categories. These arePhysiological Symptoms
Psychological Symptoms
Behavioural Symptoms

Physiological Symptoms- Most early concern

with stress was directed at physiological
symptoms . Researchers concluded that stress
could create changes in metabolism, increase
heart and breathing rates and blood pressure,
bring on headaches, and induce heart attacks.
Psychological Symptoms- Job dissatisfaction
is the simplest and most obvious psychological
effect of stress. But stress shows in itself other
psychological states- for instance, tension,
anxiety, irritability, boredom and
procrastination.

Behavioural Symptoms- There exists a relatively

consistent relationship between behaviour and
stress. Behaviour related stress symptoms include
reductions in productivity, absence and turnover, as
well as changes in eating habits, increased smoking
or consumption of alcohol , rapid speech, fidgeting,
and sleep disorders.
The proposed Inverted-U relationship between
STRESS and JOB PERFORMANCE
High
Performance
Low
Low

Stress

High

Managing Stress
Stress
can
be
managed
approaches. These areIndividual Approaches
Organizational Approaches

by

two

One thing to be kept in mind while

studying these two approaches is thatWhat MANAGEMENT may consider to be
a positive stimulus that keeps the
adrenaline running is very likely to be
seen as excessive pressure

Individual Approaches- An employee can take

personal responsibility for reducing stress levels.
Individual strategies that have proven effective
include1. Time-Management Techniques
2. Increased physical exercise,
3. Relaxation training, and
4. Expanded social support networks.
Time-Management Techniques include things like1) Making daily lists of activities to be accomplished
2) Prioritizing activities by importance and urgency
3) Scheduling activities according to the priorities set
4) Knowing your daily cycle
5) Avoiding electronic distractions.

Stress managing Physical Exercises include-Aerobics

- Jogging
-Swimming
- Riding a
bicycle
These activities increase lung capacity, lower the
at-rest heart rate, and provide mental diversion
from work pressure, effectively reducing the level
of stress.
Relaxation Training includes techniques such asMeditation
Hypnosis
Deep Breathing
The objective is to reach the state of deep physical
relaxation, in which you focus all your energy on
release of muscle tension.

Expanded Social-Support Networks

including friends, family, or work colleagues
provide an when stress levels become
excessive. It provides someone to hear your
problems and offer a more objective
perspective on a stressful situation than your
own.

Organizational Approaches- Certain organizational strategies can be adopted

by the organization management to manage and reduce the stress among
employees. These strategies includeImproved employee selection, job placement & training
Realistic Goal-setting
Redesign of jobs
Increased Employee Involvement
Improved organizational communication
Corporate Wellness Programs
All these strategies help to manage the stress at organizational level.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Organizational behavior by Stephen P.

Robbins , Judge, Vohra

Psychology for managers by Shashi K. Gupta

Thank
You!!!