Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ENCYCLOP/EDIA
OF
GARDENING.
DICTIONARY
GIVING
HOTHOUSE
TREES
THEIR
ANI"
TABLES,
VEGE-
SPECIFIC
NAMES.
COMMON
"AND
HARDY
GREENHOUSE
AND
INCLUDING
Etc.,
THE
FRUIT,
FERNS,
ORCHIDS,
PLANTS,
OF
PLANTS,
HALF-HARDY
SHRUBS,
ETC.,,
SEQUENCE
PROPAGATION
AND
AND
PLANTS,
ALPHABETICAL
IN
CULTURE
CULTIVATED
OF
BY
F.L.S.. F.R.H.S.
|ANDERS,
(Knight
Editor
"The
0/ Pip6t
Glass
0/
the
Royal
Gardening"and
of "Amateur
"
Ordee
Farm
THIRTEENTH
LONDON
W.
148
H.
"
"
of Wasa,
and
Sweden),
Garden'
Author
of
Greenhouse." "Vegetables
EDITION.
L. COLLINGRIDGE,
"
L.
COLLINGBIDGE,
H.
W.
Printers,
Street.
Aldersgate
E.C.
London,
FOREWORDS
Ix
issuing this,
has
which
thus
the
on
testified
culture
of all the
its value
vegetables worthy
Author
desires
who
persons
point
he
that
an
out
have
errors
The
of
the
general
therein.
Reader
wiU
"
Therein
he
rotation
of
illustrated
volumes,
as
the
the
the
only
to
"
to
to
and
subjects
of
with
the
all that
at
diagrams.
reader
to
of
the
growth
garden
comparatively
and
Furnished
will, indeed,
pertains
adornment
food,
crops
and
small
possess
of
it
houses.
green-
latter
the
the
as
ments
improve-
add
Alphabet
the
find
information
and
needful
saj-
successful
the
to
for
tc
to
will
Reader
work
Anithor's
the
time
to
gardens
remarks
companion
find
many
here
that
ing
of Garden-
present
volume.
manures,
for the
find
will
of
It is
excellent
an
on
features
guide
in their
introductory
time
of this volume
refer
to
the
to
valued
grown
begs
his
made
and
from
the
gardens,
gratitude
in
purchaser
plants
Author
portion
the
omissions
acceptable, useful
British
him
to
reference
in
his
written
every
of
place
work
and
express
or
trusts
cultivation
to
to
of
genera
of
work
as
of
editions, and
twelve
abundantly
edition
revised
thoroughly
in
all
freely
cases
these
with
and
concise
two
library
vegetation adapted
greenhouse
and
for
use
cost.
T.
W.
S.
"^ "^ ^
"8" "#*""^
INTRODUCTION.
The
of all
Great
of
art
our
the
Garden
who
have
craft of
of
adopted
have
dress
to
the noble
to
reason
every
ancient and
honourable
recreative
grand
as
of
means
have
to
of
belonging to
share
but
art
so
have
adopted
and
craft
as
similarlygrateful
GARDENS.
AND
afterwards
failed
of existence
means
practisethe
who
GARDENERS
old
We, therefore,
its virtues.
PRIMEVAL
the
it.
keep
to
pursuit,cannot
appreciationof
In
and
as
profession
justlyproud
feel
professions,and
other
a
Eden,
subsistence,gardening has
fascination
magic
rich. and
for
poor
never
of
all
Noah,
ages.
the vine ; Jacob
we
are
fashioning of gardens,or
In
and
art
King
to
craft has
Solomon
The
or
in them
water
been
ever
tells us
hedges
been
of fruits and
that
wood
period
-protect the
and
time, the
tables.
vegenoble
fascinatingpursuit.
that,
"
amateur
planted me
orchards,and I planted
made
me
pools of water,
that
were
all
enthusiastic
an
in Ecclesiastes
of fruits
the
to
popular
gardens and
me
of all kind
of
have
must
therewith
gardens
thick
cultivation
gardener, since he
vineyards: I ma^e
trees
the
bringeth forth
enclosed
crops
from
trees."
by walls
prowling
INTROVUCTWX.
ancient
Persia
maintained
on
an
and
fashioned
and
Assyriagardens were
elaborate stylein the neighbourhoodof all
all the choicest of the native
only were
The
the wonder
were
of
climes.
and
famous
civilised world.
of
These
above
twenty plateaux,risingone
walls 22ft. in
restingon
obtained
Gardens
Hanging
of the then
less than
no
fron"
Babyloa
consisted
the
other,
other
or
vegetables,and flowers,all
watered
from
by irrigation
of which
the
had
Nile, or
be
to
by
unceasingly
the hand
of th"
slave.
MEDIEVAL
The
Grecians
also
GARDENING.
famous
with
shady
and
these
keen
the
the
Roman
gardens.
the
So far
that
manuring
brought
highestperfectionat
pastime with
we
as
own
the
owe
and
rich and
our
The
arts
in
and
orchards
grew
that
of
corn,
the
were-
and
forcing,
may
be
said
and
agriculturetohistory.
India, too, gardeningwas
a popular
poor
that
long before
the Christian
era.
to the Romans.
agriculture,
subjugatedthe ancient Britons, and
us
indeed,
popular vegetablesof
Moreover, they fully
of horticulture
sister art
tells
vated,
lavishlyculti-
Romans,
grew many
with great success.
China, Mexico,
were
roses
of the
the art of
have
trees
in profusion Id
grown
less magnificentand less regal in splendour
Not
present day
their
In
Fruit
gardeners,and
understood
to
groves.
lilies,
narcissi,and
gardens.
were
were
Roman
settlers
When
INTRODUCTION,.
4^
In the twelfth
in the
vale
the
gardens
the
baron,
and
yeoman,,
England.
hind
fairlycommon'
wer.e
existed
homes
of
at
th"
throughout
But
these gardenswere
not of the neat
and symmetrical
order of those,of the present day. They were,
simple:
patches or enclosures
and
herbs.
gardeners.
within
Their
in the
were
to undertake
habit
of
GENESIS
OF
in the
was
began
lay out
culture
of produce
Moreover, they^
travellinga- great deal, and had the-,
opportunityof securingnew
cultivate in their gardens.
It
the
to be
their
reignof
gardenson
to cultivate
The
first,book
ENGLISH
plantsfor
produce to..
Britons
medicine
entitled
then
gardening,
began to"
ornamental
and
gardening,
on
of
in hand.
inore
use
forms
GARDENING.
Edward
taken
seriously
and
improved
or
"
extensively..
more
"
De
Yconomia
de-
foreignclimes to enrich the gardens of theperiod. Evelyn, then a. great writer and traveller,did a
from
day.
John
Paradisus
Parkinson
later
on
"
published his
valuable
a
terestris,"
work, which
Paradisi
gave
sole
in-
great-
INTRODUCTION.
practicaluse
18th
the
at
period.
was,
century
the art
possess
could
He
intelligence.
to
or
able
been
have
of
the art
understand
to
improved, and to
securingearlycrops
have
to
seems
ensuringsuccessional supplies.
and
It
the
most
the
improvement
varieties
the
of
did
much
so
hardy fruits;
our
designingand plantingof
of his remarkable
paedia
Encyclopublication
Loudon,
Claudius
in the
gardens and
of
Knight,who
Andrew
experts as Thomas
eminent
John
in the last
was
made
CENTURY.
LAST
THE
IN
GARDENING
in
cultivate
fruit,hence
Flanders.
Later, he
and
and
gardener of
professional
The
that
in the
of
of
to
and
plantsby
Dr. Lindley,who did so
species;
plant physiologyand botany ; and
studies
much
the
to
as
for
ment
improvethe
in
us
records
of
"
greatnessthat
will
never
origin
regard
Masters, in
character, high ideals,
Dr.
Maxwell
all men
of noble
coniferse
and the widest scientific and practical
attainments, who
alas I gone to their well-earned
rest, and left behind
regard to
who
Darwin,
and
die out
so
long
as
have,
them
culture
horti-
exists.
a
would, indeed, be an impossibletask to mention even
tithe of those, livingor dead, who
have, during the past
for the art of horticulture,either
century, done so much
It
"
by pen or deed.
enjoyed,the more
The
the immense
rendered, and
subject,have
our
the
of literature
on
the
culture
extendinga love of hortifar and wide throughoutthe kingdom.
It may
truly be said that there is hardly a house outside
congestedcities that does not possess a garden, and even
in towns
all been
increase
where
gardeningoften
garden
space
stimulates
the
to
does
not
exist, the
citizen to form
love
of
miniature
ISTHOD
garden
the
on
roof, or
UGTION.
to
flowers
grow
Commercially,
too, gardening has
Thousands of
fifty
years.
the last
the
on
window-sill.
made
acres
are
devoted
to growing
produce
market, and hundreds of acres
covered
are
houses
to force early
glass
to
feed the eveicrops
ture
increasing
populationof this country. Commercial horticulfor
"with
so
"
frames,
tried
as
successfully
practised in
so
in this
country,
still
phase of
early crops
the
in
France
is now
being
if it should prove
a
practical
shall in due course
this island
see
"
and
and
financial success, we
converted
into a colonyof
TASTE
As
become
gardens.
IN
GARDENING.
in
since that
only
not
of
time
have
we
in the
fashioningof
planting,and
our
earliest
witnessed
the kinds
of
remarkable
in the
plants grown.
For
experienceof flower
manner
example,
strictly
similarly
days the
the
gardening
plantingof beds in a
as
carpet bedding. In those
tricolored,bronze, golden,and
geometricalin
design,and
rigidfashion
^known
"
revolution,
gardens,but
was
the
thrum,
brilliant blue
the
lobelia,were
the
silverpyre-
favoured
an
hour
was
Plants
plantingthe beds the next season.
much
in demand
with beautiful or richly-coloured
were
foliage
of labour and expense
and no amount
in the designs,
for filling
was
character
incurred
in
for
of carpet
the way
satiated the palateof the
designsin
or
mosaic
and
bedding.
ornate
This
style
the
scene,
in
the
person
of
Mr.
William
Robinson,
true
INTRODUCTION.
to
that
see
or
sequence,
However,
subject
every
fullyas
as
by
form, and
in volume
text
acceded
we
tion
publica-
to
it, not
without
misgivingsthat
Edition
after edition
arose
made
done.
have
otherwise
should
we
strong requestwas
of the
presentedin alphabetical
was
it
as
was
decided to
we
publishers,
the details
undertake
the laborious task of thoroughly
revising
weak
and nomenclature, and remedying the one
pointin the
volume, namely, adding lists of the speciesbelongingto each
with
the
full
genus.
This work
happilyfinished,and
have
we
the
of
concurrence
in its
care
We
possiblyexpect.
it is absolutelyfree
from
do
very
difficulties that
have
to
arrangingthe data,
the
proofs. Still,
from
knows
have
and
who
full well
heartilyby
not onlyin
to
say
had
any
there
are
the
immense
will
collectingand
in
encountered
as
has
dictionary and
in the
far
so
go
"
^knows
"
be
not
Anyone
error.
present form
and
foresight,
diligence,
human
perfectas
as
sufficiently
are
we
.of enthusiastic
amateur
ciated
appre-
deners,
gar-
all,we
subjectinto
feature
have
broken
up
the
somewhat
existed in previouseditions
several
distinct.
the cultural
Great
paragraphs,so
in the
data, giving,
the main
especially,
of these crops.
Thirdly,we
hybrids in generalcultivation
case
as
have
with
each
cultural
added
of
considerablyto
vegetablesand fruit,
the
points about
more
by dividingthe
to make
have
Secondly, we
solid nature
added
their
market
culture
the
speciesand
respectivecolours,
time
of the genera,
botanists
modern
the nomenclature
Thus,
rhododendrons,
date.
the
so
as
to
bringthem
class the
up-to-
azaleas with
now
with the Oenotheras,the rhothe godetias
INTRODUCTION.
danthes
with
we
details
are
have
we
sequence,
facts he
the
the
the
This arrangement
helipterums, and so on.
followed, so far as placingthe speciesand cultural
concerned.
of cross
references,however,
By means
in their proper
placed the old familiar
names
that
the reader
so
can
easilyget a clue to the
have
etc., under
in
in general use.
names
alphabeticalorder all the common
As regards the genera
in the present volume, they
included
those in general cultivation
in gardens. Those
are
only of
botanical
interest,or little grown,
are
excluded, because
that the
we
are
desirous, in conjunctionwith the publishers,
volume
shall
be
issued
at
price within
the
all
of
means
classes of amateur
gardeners.
readers
that we
should
suggested by many
give the pronunciation of the generic and specificnames
included
in the work.
We
certainlydid entertain the idea,
but eventuallyfound the task an insuperable
Authorities
one.
in their ideas as to the correct
pronunciation,
vary so much
that had we
with the aid of a good
attempted the task, even
friend and
a
distinguishedclassical scholar, we should have
It has
been
laid ourselves
involved
to
open
criticism.
severe
in
the
settingup
the^work
being issued
LAST
Now
at
would
have
vented
pre-
popular price.
THE
READER.
introduction,embracing
brief,general
of the
survey
present
with
close this
we
accentuations
TO
WORD
sincere
of information
hope
in
that
small
the
busy
compass,
man,
who
fund
requiresa
"
^the
ence,
fortyyears'practicaland scientific study and experiincludingtwenty-one years' specialacquaintance with
reflex of
the
needs
of amateur
"
"
real
appertains to the
greenhouse.
"
dening
Gargardeners as Editor of Amateur
friend, guide, and counsellor in all that
culture
of vegetationin the garden and
T. W.
S.
Brevity
the
is
short
saying
soul
of
oft
yf'A.^
Shakespeare.
much
contains
Sophocles.
wisdom.
"
It
is
with
with
words
the
sunbeams
condensed
ihe
they
more
as
daeper
they
bum.
Southey.
are
"
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
Aaron's
Beard
Aaron's
Rod
OF
GARDENING.
See
(Hypericum
calyciuum).
Hypericum.
See Verbascum.
Thapsua).
Hellebore
(Helleborua abchasicus)." See
"
(Verbascum
AbChasi^n
"
Helle-
borua.
Abele
Tree
Abelia.
Evergreen
walls
in
cold
outdoors.
Propagate
in
frame
Pot
in
freely
CULTURE
silver
"
Oct.
in
straggly growths
after
pink,
Abies
CULTURE
till Jan.
Give
little
Stand
flowering.
A.
valuable
after
rapidly
first
in
loam
moderately
Water
house.
March,
first,
at
during winter.
outdoors
during summer.
5
leaf-
peat,
cold
aunny,
Prune
ft.,
Mexico;
triflora, white
ft., China;
coniferous
Hardy
green
ever-
1603.
from
loam.
Position,
sea
high, dry, open
Silver
Fir
Deal
or
April. A. pectinata (Common
for
woods
shelter
as
species to plant in mixed
game.
for
floor
boards.
Tree
joists, rafters, and
grows
Oct.
good
Timber
in
water
florfbunda, rosy-purple,
introduced
Soil,
Plant,
Tree),
frame
pota
"
First
trees.
coast.
well-drained
Ohmensis
sandy
cold
growth.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
and
in
full
Compost,
Position,
sand.
Store
when
1842.
July.
GREENHOUSE
mould
introduced
ahrubs.
flowering
Poaition, warm,
equal parta peat, loam, sand.
Prune
Plant,
slightly after
April or Oct.
or
cuttings of firm shoots
by layers in March,
Compoat,
flowering.
Firat
deciduoua.
and
CDLTtrRE
sheltered
Ord.
"
sandy
or
few
by
seeds
outdoors
in
Propagate
years.
55", March,
temp.
90
Fir),
(Balsam
70
A.
amabilis
80
|^in. deep
sown
in
April.
Columbia;
(Ked Fir), 100 to 150 ft., British
120
America;
ft., N.
brachyphylla,
ft., Japan;
80
150
to
200
to 100
ft., G-reece;
ft., California;
cephalonlca,
concolor,
braoteata,
100
100
to
150
ft., Japan;
Fraseri, 60 to 80 ft., Carolina;
ft., California;
flrma,
lowiana
Silver
(Low's
Fir), 300 ft.,Carolina
g^randis, 200 ft., California;
; magnifica,
90
to
100
200
nobilis,
200
California;
ft., California;
Mariesi,
ft., Japan;
ft., N.
80
to
100
nordmanniana
Fir), 80 to 100 ft., Caucasus;
pectinata,
ft.,
(Nordman's
sachalin60
to
S.
religiosa, 60 to 70 ft., Mexico;
Finsapo,
80ft., Spain;
Europe;
SO
to
of
130
Saohalin;
Teitchi, 120 to 140
ft., Japan;
webbiana,
ft., Isle
ense,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
balsamea
to
or
also
Picea.
See
ft., Himalayas.
Abobra
(Scarlet-fruited).
Sept.
"
Oct.
SPECIES
"
store
loam
ing,
Half-hardy climbFruit,
let;
egg-shaped, scar-
wall.
Position, south
frost-proof place. Propagate
sand, temp. 65", March.
"
"
First
by
A. viridiflora, green,
fragrant,
summer,
Sterculiacese.
Stove-flowering
Ord.
introduced
Compost,
June
Plant,
in
CULTIVATED
Abroma.
CULTURE:
Cucurbitaceae.
Deciduous.
Soil, sandy.
leaf-mould,
Ord.
Oct.
CULTURE
tubers
"
perennial.
tuberous-rooted
seeds
lift
in
sown
ft., S. America,
green.
Ever-
plants.
1770.
peat,
sand.
Pot
"
prune,
B
oabdening.
of
enoyclopjEdia
Water
freely in summer,
moderately in winter. Temp., March
60" to 65".
Propagate by seeds
Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March
March.
to
1-16 in.
sown
temp. 65"
deep, or
cuttings of
firm
shoots,
in fine
sandy soil,March,
to 75".
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
purple, June.
Abronia
(Sand Verbena)."
plants. First
8 to
A.
introduced
Ord.
orbioularlB,
Nyctaginaceae. Half-hardy
Flowers
1823.
10 ft., Asia;
ing
trail-
fragrant.
SPECIES
white,
of
CULTIVATED:
I to 2 It.;
July,
IS
ins.; fragrans,
to
18
in.
Katiyes
California,
Plant).
Abrus
(Paternoster;Eosary Pea; Crab's Eyes; Weather
First
climber.
Orn.
Ord.
foliage. Deciduous.
Leguminosse. Stove
16S0.
introduced
Pot "
CULTUEE
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part peat " sand.
autumn
in
"
March.
Water
moderately
freely
spring
summer,
prune
60" to 65".
TO" to 80^ ; Sept. to March
" winter.
to Sept;.
Temp., March
"
Propagate by seeds
loam,
temp.
75"
to
sown
\ in.
deep, or cuttings of
firm
shoots
in
sandy
i-5",Feb.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
ficarlet and
black.
A.
9 to 12 ft., E. Indies,
S"eda
Abutilon
shrubs.
CULTUEE
(Indian Mallow).
"
Ord.
Malvacete.
Greenhouse
green
ever-
tion,
PosiCompost, two parts loam, one part peat " sand.
March
to
Pot
"
March.
greenhouse.
Sept.
Temp.,
sunny
prune
55" to 65"; Sept. to March
Water
50 to 55".
mer,
freelyin spring " sum" winter.
May be used for bedding in
moderately in autumn
summer.
J in. deep, or cuttings in light rich
Propagate by seeds sown
:
SPECIES
Brazil;
Banana
(Musa ensete). See Musa.
Primrose
See Primula.
(Primula verticillata)."
Orchidacese.
Acacallis.
Ord.
Stove
ture
Culepiphytal orchids.
and propagation as advised for Agansia.
A. oyanea,
CULTIVATED
1 ft., Brazil.
SPECIES
:
light bine, summer,
Acacia
Ord.
Gum;
house
Myrrh
trees).
(Wattle;
Leguminosae. GreenFirst
introduced
1656.
floweringplants. Evergreen.
CULTUEE:
Pot " prune,
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, sand.
Water
March.
in
Feb.
"
or
freely
spring
moderately in
summer,
" winter.
to Sept. 55" to 65";
autumn
Temp., March
Sept to March
50" to 55". Propagate by seeds sown
^in. deep, or cuttings of firm
shoots, in sandy peat, well-drained pots, temp. 75" to 85", March.
CUL'riVATED:
A.
SPECIES
armata, yellow, spring, 6 to 10 ft., Australia;
cordata, yellow, spring, 12 to 18 ins., Australia;
dealbata
(Mimosa), yellow,
spring, 10 ft., Australia;
Drummondii,
yellow, April, 10 ft., Australia; leprosa,
yellow, April, C to 10 ft.,Australia; lougifolia angustifolia, yellow, March, 10 ft.|
Abyssinian
"
Abyssinian
"
"
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OAEDENING.
OF
SPECIES
CtTLTITATED
A.
Patagonia ; micro:
adsoendens, purple, summer,
phylla, orimson
Zealand;
spines. New
Zealand;
puloliella,bronzy foliage. New
sericea,greenish,-Ohili ; splendens, hairy foliage. Chili.
Acalygsha
biaceae.
Stove
Ord.
EuphorCopper-leaf}."
introduced
First
foliage. Evergreen.
(Three-sided Mercury;
plants.
Orn.
1866.
Leaves, orange, red, green, crimson.
CTJLTUEE
Pot
: Compost, equal parts leaf-mould,peat, loam, sand.
"
Feb.
March.
in
and
Water
or
freely
spring
summer,
prune,
" winter.
to Sept. 70" to 80";
moderately in autumn
Temp., March
ding.
60" to 65".
Suitable for summer
or
Sept. to March
subtropicalbedFeb.
March.
in
or
Propagate by cuttings sandy soil,temp. 80",
SPECIES
CTTLTITATED':
A.
Guinea;
hispida, 6 to 10 ft.. New
musaioa,
6 to 10 ft., Polynesia; godsef"ana, 1 to 3 ft.. New
Guinea;
wilkesiana, 3 to 4 ft.,
Fiji; tricolor (see wilkesiana); Sander!
(see hispida).
Acantholimon
(PricklyThrift). Ord. Plumbaginaceae. Hardy
1851.
perennials. Evergreen. First introduced
CULTURE
;
Soil, sandy loam.
Position,sunny
rockery or warm
border.
Plant, Oct to April. Propagate by layeringshoots in Aug.,
similar to carnations
in Sept.
; cuttings in cold frame
SPECIES
A. aceroseum,
CULTIVATED:
Aug., 6 in., Asia Minor;
rose, July and
glumaceum, rose, July, 6 in., Armenia;
Kotschyi, white, July, Asia.
Araliaceae.
Ord.
ornamental-leaved
Acanthopanax.
Hardy
included
in
the
Aralia.
shrubs
formerly
evergreen
genus
CULTUEE
loam.
sheltered
Position, warm,
: Soil,rich, well drained
of
Plant
in
lawns.
Increased
shrubberies, or corners
Sept. or April.
in heat in spring; cuttings of ripened shoots in autumn
by seeds sown
;
at any
suckers
time.
rioinifolium
SPECIES
A.
.CULTIVATED:
(Syn. Aralia
Maximowiozii), leaves
castor-oil
like, elegant, Japan ;
sessiliflorum, leaves
wrinkled, large, Japan ;
spinosum
(Syn. Aralia
pentaphylla), elegant foliage, Japan;
spinosum variegata,
leaves edged with
creamy-white.
AcanthophCieniX
(PricklyDate Palm)." Ord. Palraaceae. Stove
1861.
plants. Orn. foliage. Evergreen. First introduced
CULTUEE
: Compost, two
parts peat, one part loam " sand. Eepot,
Feb.
Water
moderately other times.
Temp.,
freelyin summer,
60" to 65".
to 85" ; Sept to March
March
to Sept.70''^
Propagate by
1 in. deep in lightsoil,temp. 80", Feb. or March.
seeds sown
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A. crinita, 6 to 10 ft., Seychelles; rubra, 6 to 12 ft.,
Madagascar.
Palmaceae.
Ord.
Stove
Acanthorhiza^
palms. Orn. foliage.
First introduced, 1864.
Evergreen.
CULTUEE:
" sand.
Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould
Water
little other times.
moderately in summer,
Eepot, Feb.
very
60" to 65". Proto Sept. 70" to 85"; Sept. to March
pagate
Temp., March
like Acanthophoenix.
A. aculeata. Central
CULTIVATED:
America.
SPECIES
Bear's
Acanthus
Acauthacese.
Foot). Ord.
(Bear's Breech;
Orn.
herbaceous
Deciduous.
First introduced
perennials.
foliage.
Hardy
"
"
"
"
1548.
b2
division
Position,
CULTURE:
Plant, Oct.
to
April. Propagate by
of roots
in
GABDENING.
OF
ENOrCLOFMDIA
Oct.
seed
border.
sheltered
warm
sown
March.
longifolius,rosy-purple, June,
or
3 to i ft., Dalmatia;
mollis,
ft.; hirsutus, rose, July, 2 to 3 ft.. Orient;
mollis
latifolius, a superior Tariety;
lilac, 3 to 4 ft., S. Europe;
white, rose,
spinosus spinosissimum, rosy-flesh,July,
spinosus, purplish, July, 2 to 4 ft.,Levant;
3 ft., Dalmatia.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
candelabrum,
Acer
A.
purple, July,
(Maple).
"
Sapindacese. Hardy
Ord.
trees.
Orn.
foliage.
ciduous.
De-
loam.
Position, shrubberies or open
in pots in cool greenhouse.
borders
or
Plant, Oct. to March.
J in. deep m sheltered
Propagate by seeds sown
positionOct.; grafting March; budding Aug. for choice Japanese and
OULTUKE
spaces
:
SoO, well-drained
Japanese kinds in warm
to 700
years.
Timber
of
Sycamore,
used
for
wood,
421b.; number
Sycamore wood
per
Number
plant an
for hilly exposed
SPECIES
positions.
A.
campestre
Japan;
argutum,
(Common
Maple),
and
campestre
variegatum, leaves white
yellow, Britain, 20 ft. ; oarpiniin
5 to
6 ft,, N.W.
folium, 50 ft., .Japan;
oiroinatum, leaves scarlet
autumn,
America;
dasyoarpum, 40 ft., N. America;
dasyoarpiuuaureo-marginatum, leaves
mottled
japonicum
yellow; japonicum, 20 ft. Japan;
golden leaved;
aureum,
japonicum
laciniatum, finely cut leaves;
japondcum rufinerve
albo-lineatum, leaves
white;
edged creamy
Negundo
(Box Elder), 20 to 40 ft., N. America;
Negundo
laciniatum,
crispum, curled leaves; Kegundo
finely cut leaves; Kegundo
variega10 to 20 ft., Japan ; palmatum
tum, silvery leaves ; palmatum,
yellow and
aureum,
Britain
CULTIVATED:
scarlet-tinted
atropurpureum,
Aceras
(Green-man Orchis). Ord. Orchidacese.
tuberous-rooted
orchid.
Deciduous.
Nat. Britain.
CULTURE
:
Soil, chalky loam.
and
Position, open
Oct. to March.
Propagate bv division of tubers Oct. or
"
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
A.
An'throphora,
green,
June,
6 to
10
Hardy
trial
terres-
dry.
Plant,
March
ins.
Achillea
Sweet
Maudlin'."
(Milfoil;Yarrow;
Ord.
Compositie.
herbaceous
Hardy
perennials.
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary. Position, dwarf
species on rockery,tall
ones
in open
borders.
Plant
Oct. to
4
April. Propagate by
seeds
sown
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
from
sun.
wards.
A^ply weak
Syi'inge daily,April to Sept. Shade
gling
stimulants
occasionally;May to Sept. Prune, Feb., shortening stragshoots only. Temp., April to Oct., 60" to 70"; Oct. to April 50"
bellto 55".
Propagate by cuttings inserted in light peaty soil under
summer.
A. speotabilis
6 ft., S. Africa.
SPECIES
fragrant, winter, 4 to
Aconite
(Aconitum
(Syn. ToxioopWrea
white,
speotabilis),
Aconitum
Hardy herbaceous
"
March.
flesh roots Nov.
or
augustiA. album, white, Aug., 4 to 5 ft., LeTant;
folium, blue, June, 2 to 3ft., Siberia; Anthora, yellow, July, 1 to 2 ft., Pyrenees;
barbatum, yellow, July, 2 to 4 ft., Siberia ; biflorum, blue, June, 6 in., Siberia :
Fortunel
(Syn. obinense), blue, July to Sept., 4 to 6 ft., China; eminens, blue, June,
2 to 4 ft., Europe;
Fisoheri
(Syn. antumnale), purple, July to Oct., Europe and
N. America;
Halleri, violet, June, 4 to 6 ft., Switzerland;
japonicum, flesh, July
to Sept., 3 to 6 ft., Japan;
lycootonum, creamy
yellow, July and Aug., 4 to 6 ft..
Napellus, blue, July to Sept., 3 to 4 ft., England;
variegatum, blue and
Europe;
white, July and Aug., 3 to 5 ft.,Europe.
Ord.
Araceae.
Acorus
Hardy
(Sweet Flag; Myrtle Grass).
First introduced
1796.
Leaves
and
roots
aquatics. Evergreen.
March;
division
SPECIES
of
CULTIVATED:
"
fragrant.
CULTUEE:
Soil, muddy.
Plant,
Position, margins of ponds.
March.
Propagate by division of roots March.
SPECIES
A. Calamus, 3 ft., N. Hemisphere;
CULTIVATED:
Calamus
variegatus,
leaves
striped, golden yellow; gramineus, 2 ft., Japan;
gramineus
yariegatus,
leaves variegated.
Acroclineum.
See Helipterum.
"
Acrophyllum.
shrub.
Evergreen.
Ord.
Saxifragacese.
First introduced, 1838.
Greenhouse
"
flowering
OULTUEE:
Pot
Compost, equal parts peat " loam, little sand.
"
other
freely spring
moderately
summer,
45" to 50".
Sept. 55"" to 60"; Sept to March
Arm
of
shoots
in
under
by
cuttings
Propagate
sandy peat
bell-glass
und
Water
Feb.
prune,
times.
to
Temp., March
in
cool house
SPECIES
in
summer.
CULTIVATED:
AcrostiChum
A.
venosum,
pink. May,
ft., Australia.
Filices.
Stove
and
greenhouse
fern.
CULTUEE
charcoal.
: Compost,
equal parts peat, loam, " leaf-mould, sand
Water
Pot, Feb. or March.
freely spring " summer,
1793.
"
apiifolium,2
(Elephant's
Tropica!
"
Cuba.
"*
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
A. blumeanum,
4 to 6 in., Assam;
oanalioulatum,
3 to 4 ft.,olimbing, Venezuela; Csenopteris, 2 to 3 ft. climbing, Mexico.
Actaea
culacese.
poisonous.
Soil, ordinary. Position,
CULTURE:
March.
roots
March.
Propagate by
to
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Actinella,
A.
ft., Britain
(Pigmy
or
seeds
sown
in
shady border.
Plant,
garden April;
Oct.
division
of
12 to
18 in., N.
America;
May,
alba, wUte,
; spicata rubra, red, N. America.
Ord.
Dwarf
.
Composita).
Sunflower).
"
herbaceous
perennial.
CULTURE
:
Soil, light sandy.
Hardy
Plant,
border.
March.
Oct
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Actinidia.
Deciduous.
CULTURE
Plant, Oct.
"
to
A.
Position, rockery
grandiflora, yellow,
Ternstroemiaceae.
Ord.
open
sunny
in
of roots
or
Propagate by division
March.
to
summer,
in.. Rocky
climbing
Hardy
March.
shoots
April; layering^
tains.
Moun-
shrubs.
wall.
frame
in Nov.
A.
white,
fragrant, sammer,
tlapan;
polygama,
Tolubilis,.white,,Tune, .Japan. A, polygama bears edible berries.
"
Filices.
Ord.
Stove
greenhouse ferns.
ActiniopteriSi
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
"
Evergreen
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, charcoal, potsherds,Sc
Good
silver sand.
drainage " clean pots essential.
Pot, F'eb. or Slarcn.
" keep atmosphere moist.
Water
Temp., March
moderately all seasons
60"
for
A.
to 70"
radiata; and 60"
to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March
australis.
March
radiata
for P.
to Sept., and 55" Sept. to
to 70" March
Propagate by spores similar to Adiantum.
A.
treatment;
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
radiata, 3 in., India, requires stOTe
radiata
Islands, greenhouse kind.
australis,6 in., Hascarene
Ord.
Sunflower).
Actinomeris
Com.positae.
(North American
1640.
introduced
First
herbaceous
perennial.
Hardy
Plant, Oct. to
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, open border.
outdoors
seeds
sown
Jin. deep
April; division
April. Propagate by
"
March.
of roots
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
or
sqnarrosa,
"
half-hardyherbaceous
CULTURE
liberal addition of
Pot, March
INDOOR
Temp.,
afterwards.
to
A.
(Flannel Flower).^
ActinotUS
perennial.
Compos-t, equal parts
silver sand.
or
April.
March
to
Position, sunny
loam
part
"
peat,
of
cool
with
house.
green-
Water
55".
OUTDOOR
Sow seeds
CULTURE
: Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny.
off seedlingsgradually,
or
in temp, of 65" in March
April. Harden
in
a temp,
and plant out at the end of May.
Propagate by seeds sown
in spring; or by division at the roots at potting time.
of 65
A. Helianthi, white, June, 2 ft., Australia.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
orchid.
Greenhouse
OrohidaceEB.
Ord.
Ada..
Evergreen. First
"
introduced
1S63.
Position,
Compost, equal parts peat " sphagnum moss.
freely during
growth begins. Water
Repot when new
Renting period, none.
growth, moderately afterwards.
CULTURE
pots in shade.
season
of
GAEDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOPMDIA
March
SPECilES
to
A.
CULTIVATED:
Lelinianni, red,
Adam's
45"
to March
Temp.,
aurantiaoa,
orange,
to
1
Jan.,
50".
gate
Propa-
ft., Colombia;
ft., Colombia.
Apple
coronaria). See
(Tabemaemontana
"
Tabernae-
montana.
Adam's
Adam's
Adder's
Laburnum
Needle
Fern
Adder's-tong^ue
"
Fern
(Ophioglossum vulgatum).
"
See
Ophioglossum.
Adder's
Adenandra."
Evergreen.
CULTURE:
"
parts
Temp., Sept. to
Water
moderately Sept. to April, freelyafterwards.
to Sept. 55" to 65".
50" to 55"';March
Propagate by cuttings
March
March; also by seeds
shoots in sandy peat under
bell-glass,
of young
time.
at
soil
similar
in
sown
any
A.
red, June, 2 ft., fragrana, pink, June,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
amcena,
18 in. ; marginata,
flesh, June, 18 in. ; umbellata,
2 ft. ; coriacoa, pink, Juno,
pink, June, 2 ft. ; uniflora, white and pink, June, 18 in.
Adenanthera
(Barbados Pride). Ord. Leguminosse. Stove
1759.
First introduced
shrubs.
flowering
evergreen
little silver
vdth
"
a
loam,
CULTURE
: Compost,
equal parts peat
March.
of
in
stove.
well-drained
sand.
light
Pot,
Position,
part
pots
"
in
winter.
"
"
autumn
in
Water
moderately
freely spring summer,
55" to 65".
Propagate
Temp., March to Oct. 65" to 85"; Oct. to March
with
base
of
old wood
side
removed
" inserted
of
shoots
a
by cuttings
in
in sand under
bell-glass spring.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
bioolor,yellow, July, Ceylon ; pavonina, yellow and
: A.
white, July, S ft., China.
Adenophora
(Gland Bell-flower).Ord. Campanulacese. Hardy
1783.
perennials. First introduced
well-drained
border.
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny,
in March,
in pots or
Plant, Oct. to Nov.
Propagate hj seeds sown
pans, in cold frame ; division in spring.
A.
coionopifoiia,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
blue, July, 1 to 2 ft., Dahoria;
sylvania;
Lamarckii,
denticulata, blue^July, 18 in., Dahuria;
blue, June, 1 to 2 ft., Tranlatifoha, blue, July, 18 in., Dahuria;
lillfolia,whitish
blue, fragrant,
Aug., 18 in., Siberia: stylosa, blue. Hay, 1 ft., ". Europe; Terticillata,blue, June,
2 to 3 ft., Dahuria.
Adiantum
(Maidenhair Fern). Ord. Filices.
Stove, greenhouse,
and
hardy ferns.
Evergreen and deciduous.
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts peat, one
part loam, silver sand,
March.
Water
charcoal.
Pot.
moderately Sept. to March, freely
afterwards.
Plant
Position, shady at all times.
hardy species in
April in equal parts peat " loam in shady position. Temp., stove
60" to 70", March
to Sept. 70" to 80";
species,Sept.to March
house
green50" to 55", March
to Sept. 55 to 65"
species, Sept. to March
fine sandy peat kept moist
on
" shaded
Propagate by spores sown
"
"
"
under
bell-glass.
SPECIES:
A. temulum, 8 to 13 in., Brazil; sslhiopioum,
12 to 18 in.
Tropics; Bausei, 18 in. to 2 ft., hybrid; Birkenheadii, 18 in., hybrid; caudatnm!
Edgeworthii, 6 to 15 in. ; CollisiiTnybrid
6 to 15 in.,Tropios ; oaudatum
; oolpodes,
oonoinnum, 13 to 18 in., Tropioal Amerioa;
18 in.. Tropical America;
oonoinnumlatnm, 18 in.,E. Indies ; oristatum, 18 in. to 3 ft.,W. Indies ; cnneatum, 9 to 18 in.,
Tropioal Amerioa, and its varieties deSozum, dissectum,elegans, graoUlimum, granSTOVE
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OABDENING.
OF
"
CULTURE
Position, open border for annuals,
: Soil, ordinary,rich.
rockeries
for perennials. Plant, Oct.
Propagate annuals
by seeds
shallow
in borders
in March;
sown
perennialsby division of roots in
directed
Oct. " by seeds sown
for annuals.
as
SPECIES
CULTI'VATED:
A. sestivalis (Pheasant's Eye), crimson,
June, 1 ft.,
S. Europe
(annual) ; amureneis, yellow, Jan., 1 ft., China
(perennial); autumnalis
(Ked Chamomile), scarlet. May to Sept., 1 ft., Britain
(annual) ; distorta, yellow.
May, 12 in., Alps (perennial); pyrenaica, yellow, July, 1 ft., Pyrenees
(perennial);
to May,
vemalis
18 in., S. Europe (perennial).
(Ox-eye), yellow, March
Flower
Adonis
(Adonis autumnalis). See Adonis.
/Ecliniea,.
Ord. Bromeliacese.
Evergreen stove-flowering
plants.
"
"
"
First
introduced
CULTURE
mould.
1824.
Pot, March.
"
.brides
Ord.
(Air-jilant).
"
Evergreen.
First
CULTURE:
introduced
Orchidaceae.
Stove-floweringorchids.
1800.
Compost, sphagnum
moss,
charcoal, broken
potsherds.
Flowers
Temp., Sept
appear
in
March
axil of
to
65" to
third
or
9
75"; March
fourth
to
Sept. 75"
leaf from
top
of
85".
to
stem.
ENCrOLOPMDIA
OP
GARDENING.
by division
Propagate
of
plant
with
roots
attached.
3 ft., Burma;
and June,
orassifolium, pui-ple,May
and
white
and
July, 4 ft., S. India;
expanfaUm,
and
June, 3 ft., India; Feildmgii,
faloatum, white
rose,
Luff and
houlletianum.
and
and
white, brown
June, 3 ft., Sikkim;
May
rose.
2 ft., Cochin
purple, July,
white, and
maffenta, May,
China;
japonicum,
green,
to 6 ft., Japan;
o
Lawrenoea;,
yellow, and purple, Sept., 3 ft., Philippines;
green,
Lawrence"e
Lohbii, white and purple,
sanderianum,
yellow and purple ; multiflorum
and
white
quinlilao, July, 2 ft., Trop. Asia;
July, 18 in., India; odoratum,
white
and
lilac, Aug.,
quevulnerum,
pink, July, 3 ft., Philippines; suavissimum,
2 ft., Malacca.
SPECIES
CTILTITATED
M.
June
and
crispum, white
rose,
purple, June, 2 ft.,Burma;
.^schynanthus
and
CULTURE
Stove
"
ing
trail-
1838.
moss,
coal.
char-
tree
or
Position, hanging baskets
pots, or on blocks of wood
March.
in
Water
moderately
freely
summer,
stumps. Plant,
fern
in winter.
60" to 70" ; March
to Sept. 70" to
Temp., Sept. to March
80".
in pots
of
in.
firm
inserted
3
shoots,
Propagate by cuttings
long
of above
mixed
in
with
sand
Feb.
temp. 85",
compost
Ji.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
atrosangninea, red, July, 1 ft., Guatemala;
and
and
bracteata, scarlet
yellow, Aug., 18 in., India; fulgens, scarlet
yellow,
June, 1 ft., E. Indies; grandiflora, scarlet, Aug., 5 ft.,India; Hildebrandii, scarlet,
lobbiana, scarlet, June, 1 ft., Java;
Paztonii, scarlet,
Jul^, 10 in., Burma;
April, 2 ft., Ehasea;
purple and yellow, March, 1 ft., Java; tricolor,
purpurescens,
red and yellow, July, 1 ft.,Borneo.
.Asculus
Chestnut;
(Horse
Buck-eye). Ord.
Sapindaceae.
deciduous
The
Pavia
Hardy
flowering trees " shrubs.
genus
First introduced
1629.
merged in the present one.
(Buck-eye)is now
limber
not
value.
of much
Used
for
chiefly
making packing cases,
carving, etc. Deer are fond of the nuts.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary, deep.
Position, shrubberies, woods,
"
to March.
Propagate by seeds
3 in.
Feb. ;
sown
grafting,choice
Prune
deep in open
away
dead
wood
border, March
in
;
winter.
layering,
varieties
cold
frame, Julv
SPECIES
or
Aug.
CULTIVATED:
M.
oappadocicum
(Syn. .35. Bnibaumii)
red
Jnne
(afinual); ooridifolium
(Lebanon candytuft); rose, June
3 in
Orient
6
(perennial); graoile, red, ,Tuno, in., Caruiola
grandifloru'm
(annual);
rose
Mav
1 ft., Persia
(perennial); heterooarpum, purple, July, 6 in., Armenia
(perennial] ""
purple, July, 6 in., Spain (biennial); saxatile, flesh. June
mouospermum,
6 in
*
*
S. Europe
(annual).
Blue
African
Lily (Agapanthus umbellatus)."
See
in.. Orient
Agapanthus
African
Corn
African
Corn
See Antholy7,a.
Flag."
Lily." See Ixia.
10
IBNGYGLOPMDIA
African
tonia.
Cypress
African
African
OF
GABDENINC.
(Widdringtonia Wliytei).
"
Sec
Widdring-
Hare-bell
See Eoella.
(Eoellaciliata)."
Hemp
(Sparmannia africana).^See Sparmannia.
Lily." See Agapanthus.
Marig^old
(Tagetes erecta)."See Tagetes.
Steel
Bush
(Diosma ericoides).See Diosroa.
"
African
African
African
"
African
Tulip."
African
Violet
See
the
Hsemanthus.
genus
"
SPECIES
CXJLTITATED:
6 in., Java.
A.
longistyla, crimson,
July,
scarlet, June,
Ag;anlsia.
introduced
CtJLTUEE
drained,
"
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Stove
epiphytal orchids.
Pirst
1S36.
:
charcoal.
Water
Eequire exposure
freely
rest.
when
when
at
Eesting period, winter.
growing, moderately
at base
of new
Flowers
pseudo-bulb. Temp., Sept.to March
appear
65" to 70" ; March
to Sept.75" to 85".
Propagate by division of pseudobulbs when
new
growth begins.
A.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
red, Jan., 6 in., Guiana;
graminea, yellow and
ionoptera, white and purple, July, 1 ft., Peru; pulchella, cream,
June, 6 in., Deme1 ft., Amazon.
tricolor, blue and orange,
rara;
blocks
of
to
wood.
sun.
"
OULTITATED
umbellatus, blue, April, 3 ft.,and its varieties,alba,
: A. v
3 ft. ; Leitchlinii,
Aug., 2 ft. ; flore pleno, double ; giganteus, blue eummer,
blue, June, 1 ft. ; maximus,
white, 3 ft. ; minor, blue, 2 ft. ; mooreanus,
blue,
Sept.,18 in.,hardy ; variegatus, leaves variegated, blue, April, 2 ft. ; eloboeus, dwarf.
"PEOIH9
white,
"
g)
11
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GABDENING.
OF
beds:
Feb.
Period
for
consists of 16 bricks.
of spawn
Bushel
Depth
covering-beds with soil : Three days after insertion of spawn.
Make
2 in. if light or sandy.
of soil: lin. if heavy; l^iu. if medium;
with 6 in.
soil firm.
Water
previouslyif dry. Cover beds afterwards
12 to 18 in. of similar material
of straw
litter in summer
or
or
autumn;
in winter. Complete darkness
essential. Apply tepid water
moderately
of common
salt
is dry only. Suitable
when
stimulants
surface
: 2 oz.
to 1 gallon; ^oz. nitrate
of soda to 1 gallon; \oz. of nitrate of potash
to
to 1 gallon ; 1 oz. of sulphateof ammonia
to 4 gallonsof water, each
ing.
bearbe applied in a tepid state occasionally
after the beds commence
of
six weeks
after
Bearing commences
spawning. Duration
of
with
whole
Gather
mushrooms
bearing: Two to three months.
stem
attached; do not leave stump in bed.
Average cost of forming
outdoor
bed (2^ft. high, 2^ ft. wide at base, 6 in. wide at apex) 5s. per
lineal yard. Average value of produce per lineal yard, 15s.
Average
yield of bed 25 yards long, 350 to 450 lb.
Culture
Cold
Insert
Feames
1 in. deep " 9 in. apart in
;
in
spawn
bed in July. Keep frame
cucumber
melon
"
closed after cucumbers
or
melons
have ceased growth.
Water
occasionally. Apply one of above
stimulants
when
mushrooms
appear.
Culture
Sides op Hotbeds
2 in. deep " 9 in. apart
on
: Insert
spawn
in manure.
Cover with 1 or 2 in. of soil 10 days afterwards, " protect
with layer of straw
litter.
or
Boxes
Culture
Pots
advised
in
:
for beds,
ob
as
Prepare manure
rill 10 in. pots or
boxes (9 in. deep, 2 to 3 ft. wide
" long) to within
Beat
1 in. of top with manure.
this quite firm.
with
Spawn " cover
soil " litter as advised
for beds.
Place pots, etc., in cool cellar, cupboard,
or
greenhouse; protect from light. Keep soil moderately moist
with straw
", cover
always. Temp, in winter 55 to 65".
wide,
2 in.
Culture
deep.
Grass:
Cut
out
piecesof
turf
12 in. square,
lin.
it
three
four
or
press
lumps of spawn, about the middle of June.
sionally
Replace turf and water occaif dry. Best
results obtained
where
herbage is short, soil
loamy and dry, and positionsunny.
A. oamiiestris,Europe
SPBOIES
CULTIVATED:
(Britain).
in
thick, and
3 ft.
Agathaea
Greenhouse
CULTURE
below
to
into
Ord.
1753.
"
herbaceous
:
Composite.
Compost, sandy loam two parts, leaf -mould, " sand one
beds outdoors. May
greenhouse, or warm
Sept. Pot,
March.
Water
freely in
SPECIES
Agave
"Ord.
and
part.
to
CULTIVATED:
A.
summer,
shoots
ooelostis,
blue, June
to
((AiaericanAloe; Ceutury-plant;
Anifflimniaaceae.
Greemfcouse
Mf-Ttco.
JSTat,
^floweringvJEvfi3;greeu.
12
plants.
March
moderately other
or
Aug.,
to
18
Aug., 13
Mexican
Ornamental
First introduced
sandv"'
ins.,S. Africa.
Soap-plant)."
foliage "
1640.
Flowers,
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOPJEDIA
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, margins of shady beds or
in April; divisio.i of roots
outdoors
borders.
Propagate by seeds sown
March.
Oct. or
CULTITATED
geneveneis, bine, rose, and white, June, 6 to 13 ins.,
SPECIES
: A.
and
its
spikes ; orientalis, blue, June,
variety pyramidalis, with denser
Europe,
12
to
18
ins., B.
Europe;
or
June,
rose,
Atro-
in., Britain.
purpurea
in cold
SPECIES
8
to
10
in
frame
Sept.
CULTITATED;
and
ft., China
A.
Japan.
Snovw
Alabama
Neviusa.
Albizzia.
shrub.
IHrst
Acacia.
"
quinata, violet
or
and
June,
See
(Neviusa albamiensis).
Wreath
"
Greenhouse
Ord. Leguminosse.
1803.
introduced
evergreen
included
in
Formerly
flowering
the
genus
leaf-mould
" sand.
of
roof
shoots
or
a bed
Position, pots, or
greenhouse;
up
Water
Pot
in March.
in beds
outdoors
during summer.
Prune
other
at
seasons.
moderately
freelyduring spring and summer,
to
55"
March
to
in
March
to
Feb.
65";
straggly growths
Temp., Sept.
"
55"
65".
leaf-mould
seeds
in
to
sown
Sept.
Propagate by
sandy peat,
sand
in a temp, of 75-^ in spring.
SPECIES
OULTIVATED:
A. iophaiitha (Syn. Acacia
lophantha), 18 to 29 ft.,
yellow, spring, Australia, leaves tine, fern-like.
Albuca^
Ord.
Liliacese.
Half-hardy bulbous
plants. Nat. S.
CULTURE
peat,
wall
trained
with
"
Africa.
INDOOR
First introduced
CULTURE:
1774.
Compost,
two
parts loam,
part
one
of
Position, cool
proportionsof peat, leaf-mould," silver sand.
Pot in 5fov.,
placingfive bulbs 3 in. deep in a ij in. pot.
equal
greenhouse.
Cover
with
cocoanut-fibre
refuse until growth begins, then expose to light.
time
bulbs
until flowers fade, after
begin to grow
which
keep dry until Nov.
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
; Soil,lightordinary. Position, well-drained
pot
Water
freelyfrom
border
at
base
of south
hothouse
wall.
or
offsets in spring.
OOLTIVATED:
SPECIES
A.
yellow, June, 12 to
aurea,
Nelsonii, white and red, fragrant, June, 2 to 3 ft., l"tatal.
Alder
(Alnus glutiuosa). See Alnus.
in Oct.
Propagate by
Plant
greenhouse
seeds
6 in.
deep
or
18
in., S.
Africa;
"
Alder-Buckthorn
(Rhamnus
Alexanders
(Smyrnium
Alexandrian
Iris
Alg:erian
Algerian
Alisma
Frangula)."
See
Rhamnus.
Wax-Bean
"
See Phaseolus.
(Phaseolus vulgaris)."
(Water Plantain;
Deil's
Spoons).
"
Ord.
Alismaceae.
Hardy
aquatic perennials.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, margins of
Propagate by seeds sown
in a pan of sandy peat, plunged below
March
the surface
or
by division of roots in April.
ponds, ditches.
Plant,
March.
14
shallow
\ in.
of
the
lakes,
deep
in
water,
ENOYOLOPJEDIA
OF
OATIDBNING.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A. natans
Elisma
as
(now known
natans), white and
yellow, Aug., Britain; Plantago (Water Plantain),pink or rose, enmmer,
Britain;
ranunculoides, purple. May to Sept., Britain.
Alkanet
(Anchusa tinctoria).See Anchusa.
"
Allamanda.
CULTURE
charcoal,"
Compost,
two
climbing plant.
green.
Ever-
part leaf-mould,
one
sand.
Position, pot, tub, or planted in prepared
border; shoots to be trained close to roof.
Water
Pot, Feb.
freely
Aprilto Aug., then moderately. Temp., Sept. to March 60" to 70";
March
to Sept. 70" to 80".
Prune
shoots, in Jan., to within one
joint
of main
branch.
Propagate, in Jan., by cuttings of shoots of previous
coarse
CULTIVATED:
A.
Alljg'ator
Apple
(Anona palustris).See Anona.
Pear
Allig'atOr
(Perseagratissima). See Persea.
Allium
(Chives; Leek; Onion; Shallot). Ord. Liliacese. A genus
of hardy and greenhouse bulbous-rooted
perennials.
CULTURE
OF HARDY
FLOWERING
SPECIES:
Soil,sandy loam.
Plant
bulbs 3 in. deep and 4iu.
Position, sunny borders or rockeries.
Mulch
with rotten
in summer.
manure
apart in Oct. or Nov.
gate
Propa"
"
"
by
seeds
CULTURE
sown
in cold frame
in
spring;
offsets
after
flowering.
OF
GREENHOUSE
two parts loam,
SPECIES
: Coinpost,
one
six bulbs in a
Plant
part leaf-mould,and a little silver sand.
Cover
refuse or ashes in
4i in. pot in Oct.
pots with cocoanut-fibre
till growth begins,then remove
a cold frame
to a cool greenhouse. May
be flowered in a cold house, or forced into flower in a temp, of 55" to 65
Water
freelywhilst growing. After blooming graduallywithhold water
and keep dry and cool till new
growth begins. Repot annually in Oct.
Propagate by seeds in cold frame or cool house in spring; offsets at
potting time.
.
CULTURE
part
decayed, and
sunny
OF ONION
of garden.
also
lib.
kainit
71b.
above
time; or,
slag per square rod, applied same
cannot
be liberallygiven, 31b. superphosphateIJlb. soda
manures
rod, applied ten days before sowing and IJ lb. of nitrate
per square
rod when
of soda
plants are 3 in. high; or, lib. nitrate
per square
lb.
3
of soda, J
of guano,
oz.
kainit, and 3 oz. of sulphate of iron,
half the above to be appliedto a square
rod when
plantsare 3 in. high,
remainder
month
afterwards.
Sow
and
a
or
spring onions in March
end of Aug. or early in Sept. Depth to sow, about
ones
April; autumn
Jin. Distances apart for drills,8 in. Spring onions may also be sown
in April, and
in Feb., hardening off seedlingscold frames
in heat
Firm
soil
plantingout in May. Rows best to run from N. to S.
onions
into rich soil following
essential. Transplant autumn-sown
March.
the stems
Thin seedlingsout early to 8 in. apart. Bend
over
early in Aug. to promote ripeningof the bulbs. Lift, dry thoroughly,
of
"
to
basic
store
reach
at
away
15
and
where
24
weeks
for two
years
only.
to
Seeds
sow
Mabket
in
germinate
7 to
10
for
;
days.
a bed
long, i oz.
Soil, sandy, deeply dug
50 ft.
row
Culture:
Manures,
autumn.
OAEDENING.
OF
ENCTOLOPJEDIA
30
to
40
tons
farmyard
of
Quantity
yards,1
9 square
or
of seed
ploughed
manure
per
before
quired
re-
oz.
previous
acre
and
Just
sowing,
3 in.
when
are
and
plants
superphosphate per
apply
March
in
Sow spring onions
high, IJ cwt. of nitrate of soda per acre.
Lisbon
in drills 1 ft. apart ; White
onions, for selling youn^, in Aug.
Thin
out
spring-sown crops to 6 in. apart;
Keep crops well hoed.
pioklersto 2 in. Lift spring crop in Aug. or Sept. Quantity of seed
Lisbon
9 to 10 lb. ; White
to sow
an
variety,30 to 40 lb. Average
of
3 cwt.
kainit
of
per
applied
acre,
in
3 cwt.
autumn.
acre,
acre,
yield per
Cost
^650.
per
acre,
acre
dozen
per
bunches
in
300
to
bushels.
500
Average
returns
per
hand-
acre,
."40
to
weeding, 26s.
Hoeing, lOs. per acre;
onions, 3d. to 4d.
pulling,washing," bunching autumn-sown
bunches.
Market
spring-sown bulbs in bags; autumn-sown
of cultivation:
seven
to ten
days.
Cultuee:
12 tons
of decayed
Soil, light,rich. Manures:
in
kainit
in
"
autumn
of
2
cwt
manure
ploughed
; 4 cwt. of
per acre,
before
"
Icwt.
of nitrate
planting;
superphosphate per acre, applied
Sow
in
in Feb.,
month
after
seeds
heat
of soda per acre
a
planting.
Sin. asunder
in April,
and plant out the seedlings 6 in. apart in rows
in March
and again in May for successional
Sow outdoors
Keep
crops.
the roots
in flat bunches
and
watered.
Market
well hoed
of eight,
Sell by the dozen
bunches.
wash
clean, " trim off leaves.
Quantity
Mabket
of seed
bunches
to
of
sow
an
acre,
eight roots.
12
to
14 lb.
Average
returns
acre, 10,890
,"30 to ^640.
planting.
16
BNGYOLOPMBIA
CULTUEE
Plant
OF
bulbs
required.
CULTUEE
in March.
"
GARDENING.
OF
GAELIC:
in.
Soil, light,rich.
Position, sunny
spot.
No
manure
deep and 6 in. apart in Feb.
store July or Aug.
Increase
by division of bulbs Feb.
CHIVES
6 in. apart each way
: Soil, ordinary. Plant
(cloves)2
Lift "
OF
every
third
year.
Used
for
salads
seasoning.
CULTUEE
seeds
OP
in March
to
WELSH
or
ONION
OE
CIBOULE
Sow
Soil,ordinary.
lings
April in drills i in. deep " 1 ft. apart. Thin seedapart. May also be increased by division of plants
from
seed.
Leaves
used for seasoning.Eeady
grown
after sowing.
Sin.
or
but best
three months
to use
CULTUEE
OP
POTATO
ONION
Plant
bulbs half
: Soil, ordinary.
their depth 10 in. apart in rows
Lift " store
in March.
15 in. asunder
in Aug.
Increased
bulbs
Used
like ordinary onions.
by offsets at
planting time.
OULTUEE
TEEE
ONION:
OF
Soil, ordinary. Plant bulbs borne
1 in. deep and
4 in. apart, in rows
8 in. asunder
in
on
top of stems
root
12 in. apart each
bulbs
1 in. deep and
or
March;
Support
way.
bulbs when
stem
Gather
stems
fullygrown " store in cool,
by stakes.
dry place. Used for pickling.
cloves 6 in.
for garlic.Plant
EOCAMBOLE
CULTUEE
OP
: Soil as
in
"
to
each
similar
shallots,
Feb.,
or
March,
April.
apart
depth
way,
Bulbs
soil " on stem
used for similar purpofse
Lift " store in Aug.
m
soil bulbs only for planting.
Use
in flavour.
milder
to garlic,but
ELOWBaiNG
SPECIES:
A. aouminatuin,
HAK.DT
rose, July, 9 in., N. America;
oatrow2 ft., Europe;
ojeruleum, blue, June, 3 ft., Siberia; Moly, yellow, May,
June, 1 ft., S. Europe;
roseum,
July, 1 ft., Turkestan;
rose,
skianum,
rose,
Sohubertii, lilao,June, Orient.
triquetrum, white, June, 15 in., Europe;
GEEENHOtJSB
SPECIES:
A. neapolitanum
(DaffodilGarlic),white and green,
June, 1 ft.,S. Europe.
in
March,
SPECIES
BULBOTJS-ROOTED
EDIBLE
or
not
known;
Cepa
(Onion), Central
asoalonioum
: A.
Western
Asia;
(Shallot),Native
habitat
(Potato
(Welsh or Ciboul
Cepa proliferum ^Tree or Egyptian Onion) ; fistulosum
not
known;
Schoenoprasum
country
(Leek), native
Onion), Siberia; Porrum
Eativum
Soorodopraaum
(Rocambole;
(Garlic), S. Europe;
N. Hemisphere;
fChives),
Spanish Garlic; Sand Leek), flash,July, Denmark.
See Cryptogramme.
AllOSOrus.
See
Calycanthus and Pimenta.
Allspice.
Almond
(Prunus Amygdalis). See Prunus.
Orchid
Almond-scented
(Odontoglossum madrense). See
Onion)
Cepa
aggregatum
"
"
"
"
Odontoglossum.
Ainus
(Aar; Alder). Ord. Cupuliferse.Hardy trees and shrubs.
for
of little value, except for making charcoal
Timber
Deciduous.
gunpowder.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, damp placesfor A. glutinosa;
Plant, Nov.
Propagate by seeds sown
drier spots for the others.
in
March, transplantingthe seedlingswhen
lin. deep in damp soil
springingfrom the roots in Nov.
year old ; or by suckers
"
a,
N.
A. glutinosa, 30 to 40 ft., Britain, Europe,
CULTIVATED
:
SPECIES
laoiniata
(out-leaved), and
its varieties, aurea
(golden-leaved),
and Asia, and
Zone, and its varieties
folia (oak-leaved); inoana, 10 to 20 ft., N. Temperate
of
no
others, but
they are
are
and
pinnatiflda. There
pendula nova
Alo'casia."
Ord.
Aroidese.
Stove
plants.
Orn.
foliage.
Africa
queroiaurea,
special
First
1854.
introduced
CULTURE
equal parts peat, sphagnum moss, fibry loam,
: Compost,
charcoal.
"
Pot, March, keeping base of plant
sand
with a little silver
essential.
Position, pots, shady.
of pot; good drainage
rim
above
17
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Sept., moderately
to Sept. 70" to
70"; March
Water
freelyMarch
March
60"
to
to
in March.
of rhizomes
afterwards.
Temp., Sept. to
80".
Propagate by division
.
illnstris,
18 in., Borneo;
alia, 18 in., .lava; onprea,
Z ft.,
Lowu,
Guinea;
2 ft., India;
Lindenii, 2 ft., Kew
longiloba, 1 ft., Malaya;
Manila.
18
18
zebrina,
in.,
sanderiana,
ins., Philippines;
Borneo;
succulent
Greenhouse
Aloe
(Medicinal Aloes).^ Ord. Liliacese.
less prickly
or
Leaves
Orn. foliage. Evergreen.
fleshy" more
SPECIES
A.
CULTIVATED:
"
plants.
or
First
spiny.
introduced
1596.
in well-drained
pans of sandy soil, temp. 70".
A.
albispina, S. Africa;
abyssinioa, Abyssinia;
its Tarieties, echinata,
subincurva, and
humilis, and
arboresoens,
its varieties
flavispina and spinnlosa,
tubercnlata, S. Africa;
mitTEeformis, and
window
S. Africa;
striata, S. Africa; soccrotina, S. Africa; variegata, a favourite
more
species,
plant, S. Africa; vera, Mediterranean
Region. There arc very many
l3Ut the foregoing are
flowers
red or yellow, and
the moat
attractive
The
ones.
are
borne
slender
on
spikes.
Alonsoa.
(Mask-flower). Ord.
Scrophulariacese. Half-hardy
1790.
shrubby perennials. First introduced
CULTtJRE
two
" sand: Compost,
parts loam, one part leaf-mould
beds
Position, pots, greenhouse, windows, or sunny
outdoors. May to
by seeds
sown
OULTITATED:
S. Africa;
SPECIES
"
Sept.
Water
Sept.to
Temp.,
50" to 55".
May
temp. 60", in
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A. albiflora,white
and
1 ft., Mexico;
yellow, summer,
18 in.. Chili ; linearis, scarlet, summer,
1 to 2 ft.,
incisifolia,soarlet, summer,
1 to 2 ft., Mexico;
Peru;
linifolia,scarlet, summer,
its
myrtifolia, scarlet, and
variety, alba, white, 2 to 3 ft., Mexico; Warscewiczi, soarlet, summer,
18 in. to
2
ft.. Chili.
See
Azalea.
Aloysia.
Lippia.
(Loisftleuria
procumbens). See Loisleuria.
Bell-flower
(Campanula alpina). See Campanula.
Bladder
Fern
(Cystopterisalpina)."See Cystopteris.
Catch-fly
See Silene.
(Silenealpestris)."
EryngfO
(Eryngium alpinum). See Eryngium.
Forg^et-me-not
See Myosotis.
(Myosotis alpestris)."
Pink
(Dianthus alpinus)."See Dianthus.
Poppy
(Papaver alpinum). See Papaver.
Rose
See
(Ehododendron ferrugineum " R. hirsutura)."
"
Alpine
Alpine
Alpine
Alpine
Alpine
Alpine
"
"
"
Alpine
Alpine
Alpine
"
Rhododendron.
Toad-flax
Alpine
(Linariaalpina). See Linaria.
Violet
Alpine
See Viola.
(Tiolamontana\"
Wallflower."
See Erysimum.
Alpine
Wind-flower
Alpine
(Anemone alpina)."See Anemone.
Ord. Scitaminacese.
Alpinia
(Indian Shell-flower)."
Stove
ceous
herbaperennials. First introduced 1792.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould
" loam.
tion,
Posilargepots, tubs, or beds. Plant, March.
Temp., March to Sept
55" to 65"; Sept. to March
70" to 80".
Water
to Aug.,
freelyMarch
moderately other times.
Propa^-ateby division of roots in March
"
SPECIES
rod, and
CULTIVATED:
yellow, July
4 tp 6 ft.,India.
and
^'
18
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GAllDENINO.
OF
Island
Alsophila
Fern)." Ord. Filiccs.
(Grove Fern; Norfolk
ferns.
1833.
First
introduced
tree
greenliouse
silver sand
"
: Compost, two
one
loam,
parts peat,
part
wards.
afterWater
March
to
Pot, March.
Sept.,moderately
freely
Position, pots or tubs, shady. Temp., stove 60" to 70" Sept to
March, 70-' to 80" March to Sept.; greenhouse 50" to 55" Sept. to March,
Stove and
CULTUKS
charcoal.
to
Sept. Propagate hy
spores,
similar
to
Adiantum.
SPECIES:
G to 8 in., W.
STOVE
A. aspera,
Indies; atroyirens, Brazil; infesta
Van
Gheortii, 3 to 4 ft., Trop. America.
GllEENHOUSB
SPECIES:
A.
Colensoi,
australis, 15 to 20 ft., Tasmania;
4 to 5 ft..New
Zealand; Cooperi, 3 to 5 ft.,Queensland; exoelsa, 6 to 8 ft.,Norfolk
Island; pruinata, 3 to 6 ft., W. Indies; ReljeooK, 8 ft., Queensland.
"
hardy
division
March
;
SPECIES
of roots,
April or
Oct.
carmine,
red, and
summer,
orange,
3 to
4 ft.,
brown,
brazilionsis, red, yellow, and
summer,
and
white
2 to 3 ft.. Chili; Errembaulti,
red, summer,
Brazil; chilensis, orange
2 to 3 ft.,
and
purple, summer,
hiemanthi, red, green,
crimson, 3 "ft.,Hybrid;
1 ft.. Chili, and
Chili; pelegrina (Lily of the Incas), lilac,red and purple, summer,
2 to_3 ft.,
and
brown, summer,
its variety alba, pure white; pulohella, red, green
2 ft.. Chili; Tersicolor,
pink, summer,
Brazil; pulohra, purple, white, yellow and
2 to 3 ft., Peru.
and
purple, maroon
summer,
green,
Primrose
Altaian
(Primula altaica). See Primula.
to
CULTIVATED
A.
aurantiaca,
ft., OMli;
"
Altaian
Violet
(Viola altaica).
"
See
See Telanthera.
Alternanthera."
Ord. Malvacea3.
Althaea
(Hollyhock)."
first introduced
1573.
HOLLYHOCK:
OULTOEE
OP
mould, not too light. Trench
Viola.
hock
Hardy perennials. Holly-
Soil, rich
the
soil three
of soil to width
of 18 in.
surface
with stakes standing 6 ft. out
Apply liquid manure
of ground.
copiouslyin dry weather.
flowers directly
week
from
May until blooms expand. Remove
a
once
fine blooms
where
are
of
required for
off
Cut
fade.
spikes
tops
they
show
lower blooms
as
signsof expanding. Offshoots
exhibition as soon
from base of plantsin June if fine spikesare desired.
should be removed
down
Cut flower stems
Young plantsyieldfinest plants for exhibition.
nitrate
of
soda,
i oz.
6 in. of soil after flowering. Manures,
to within
to 2
ammonia
of
"
kainit,
sulphate
\ oz. each of superphosphate,
month
from
of
intervals
at
a
gallons of water, applied to the roots
manures,
or
to
liquiddrainings or solutions of animal
from
stem
to
stem.
Water
Sept.;
May
applied in a diluted
Support the
stems
Propagate by
occasionallyduring summer.
in drills 1 in. deep " 12 in. apart on a south border in June.
seeds sown
Thin seedlingsto 6 in. apart in July. Lift in Sept., and place in pots
in a compost of two
parts loam " one part peat Si,leaf -mould ; put m
state
On
warm
for the winter, or plant in similar soil in frame.
cold frame
m
into
direct
flowering
positions
be transplanted
soils seedlings may
Jan.
65"
in
Feb.,
55"
to
or
in
soil
temp.
seeds in good
Sow
Sept
also
Increased
and plant out in May.
in
off
harden
April,
in
pots,
grow
inserted
flower
stems
base
of
of
out
by cuttin"-s of young shoots growing
19
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
by
of the
OP
CULTUEE
Plant,
borders.
Position, sunny
outdoors
sown
April.
in
iU
and
CULTIVATED;
A.
cannabina,
.Tnne, 6 ft., Europe,
rose,
nial
variety narbonenais, red; ficifolia {Fig-leaved llollyliook),yellow, June, 6 ft., bienChina.
(Hollyhock), rose, 5 to 6 ft., summer,
species, Siberia; rosea
See Hibiscus.
f rutex.
Althaea,
Alum-root.
See Heuohera.
Basket;
Gold-dust;
Golden-tuft; Gold
Alyssum
(Madwort;
annuals
and
Sweet
Ord.
Cruciferae.
perennials.
Alysson}.
Hardy
1710.
First introduced
border
CULTUKE:
or
Position, open
Soil, ordinary.
rockery.
SPEOIES
"
"
"
" perennial
Plant, Oct. or April. Propagate annual
speciesby seeds
in.
outdoors
in
sown
deep
April; perennial speciesby cuttings of
J
shoots inserted in sandy soil in cold frame
April " May.
young
ANNUAL
SPECIES
C to
10
A. maritimum,
white, fragrant, summer,
:
ina.,
is a dwarf
and
Compactum
variegatum a variegated variety.
is a perennial,
Strictly
species
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
A. alpestre, yellow, .Tune, 3 in., Europe;
gemonense,
2 to 4 ins.,
yellow, fragrant, summer,
yellow, spring, 1 ft., Europe;
montanum,
2 to 3 in., Greece:
Europe;
orientale, yellow, May,
olympicum, yellow, summer,
1 ft., Greece
8 to 10 ins. ; Pyrenees
white, summer,
; pyrenaicum,
; saxatile, yellow,
Sfay, 1 ft., E. Europe, and its varieties
compactum,
variegatum, sulphureum, flore
pleno (double), serpyllifolium, yellow, ,Tune, 3 in., S. Europe;
spinosum, white,
.lune, 4 to 6 in., S. Europe;
Wiersbeokii,
18 in., Asia
yellow, summer,
Minor;
3 in., E. Europe.
wulfeniana, golden yellow, summer,
Amaranth
Feathers
(Humea elegans). See Humea.
Britain
and
this
Europe.
"
AmaranthUS
flower). Ord.
"
Prince's
(Love-lies-Bleeding
;
Amarantacea!.
Half-hardy annuals.
Velvetintroduced
Feather;
First
1596.
CULTUEE:
bed.
to
Plant,
75", March;
June.
lings
seed-
Amaryllis
Hardy
Daffodil
Lily)."Ord. AmarylliDeciduous.
First
introduced
1712.
plant.
with leat-moiild " cow
:
Compost, sandy loam, enriched
foot
border
of south
manure.
Position, well-drained
wall.
Plant
bulbs
9 in. deep " 12 in. apart in June.
Water
freely in dry weather
whilst growing.
Mulch
with decayed manure
in spring.
Propagate
ofl'sets
June.
For
in
greenhouse amaryllis see Hippeastrum
by
dacece.
OULTUEE
SPECIES
Cape
appear
(Belladonna Lily;
bulbous
CULTIVATED
Colony.
before
Blanda,
the
new
A.
pale rose,
Belladonna,
and
rose,
fragrant, Aug.
pallida, flesh,are varieties
and
Sept., 18 in.
The'flowers
it.
of
loaves.
Amasonia.^Ord.
Verbenaceae.
Stove evergreen
floweringperennial.
red
red
Inflorescence,
bracts,
calyx, " yellow corolla; autumn.
CULTUEE:
Compost, equal parts loam " leaf -mould, little silver
sand.
Pot, March.
Position, in small pots near
glass, well exposed
in summer.
to light; shade
Water
freely in spring and
summer,
2(1
OF
ENGYGLOP^DIA
GARDENING.
Gather
decoration.
heads
downwards
to dry in a cool place.
CULTURE
Position,
: Soil, light,rich.
6 in. apart.
I in.
Propagate by seeds sown
"
drying
March;
is
winter
variety
alatum, white,
A.
CULTIVATED:
a
fully
wlieu
warm
deep
border.
in
"
hang
Plant,
May.
grown
lightsoil,lemp. 65",
early in May.
outdoors
or
SPECIES
florum
for
witli
summer,
ft., Australia.
Grandi-
larger flowers.
ous-flowering
Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy decidu1724.
introduced
mixed
CULTURE
shrubbery. Plant,
: Soil, ordinary. Position, in the
borne
that
have
Oct. to Feb.
Prune
after flowering,thinning shoots
in
in
blossoms.
autumn;
layering
summer;
Propagate by cuttings
(Bastard Indigo).
Amorpha
"
shrubs.
suckers
in winter
First
seeds
sown
in cold
SPECIES
frame.
CULTIVATED:
A. oanesoons
(Lead
frutcscens, bluish purple, July, 6 ft., Carolina.
ft.,Missouri;
tuberous-rooted
Aroideae.
Stove
Ord.
AlYlorphophallus.
perennials. Flowers with purple or white spathes and brown
spadices;
foetid ; appearing before leaves.
Leaves
less ornamental.
more
or
cayed
CULTURE
: Ctompost, equal parts turfy loam,
peat, leaf-mould, dein
shade.
" silver sand.
manure
Position, well-drained
pots
in Feb.
Pot moderately firm in pots just large enough to take tubers
Water
to March, transfer
to larger pots in April or May.
moderately
Feb. to April " Sept. to Nov.;
freely April to Sept.; keep quite dry
Nov. to Feb.
to
Feb.
Sept. 70'^to 80"; Sept. to Nov. 65^ to 75";
Temp.,
Nov. to Feb. 55" to 65".
Propagate by dividingthe tubers in Feb. or
"
March.
A.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
or
:
campanulatus
-virosus,purple epathe, India ;
lUvieri, purple spathe. Cochin
China; Titanum, purple spathe, Sumatra.
See Yitis.
Ampelopsis."
Amur
Vine
(Vitisamurensis). See Vitis.
See Prunus.
AmygdaliS."
Ord.
Portulacaceae.
Greenhouse
succulentAnacampseros.
leaved plant. Nat. S. Africa.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts sandy loam, one part of equal proportions
of old mortar,
small brick rubble
" sand.
Position, in not
too large pots on
shelves near
the glass;'no shade.
Water
moderately
in spring " summer;
" winter.
sphere
keep nearly dry in autumn
Dry atmoneeded.
temp.,45 to 50" in winter; 50" to
Repot in March,
60" in summer.
in a mixture
of fine rubble
Propagate by seeds sown
" sandy loam, in heat, in spring; by cuttings,exposed to the air for
few days after removal
from
the plant, then inserted
a
in fine sand in
"
"
gentle heat.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
pink, Sept., 1
AnagalliS
ft. j
to
18
ins.
Hardy
fllamentosa,
annuals
"
perennials. Trailing.
CULTURE
rich.
: Soil, light,
Position, sunny, well-drained borders
for annuals ; moist " boggy placesfor perennials.Propagate annuals
by
seeds sown
J in. deep in temp. 65" March, transplantingseedlings outdoors
in June;
perennials by division of roots in March, or by seeds
in April.
outdoors
sown
SPECIES
ANNUAL
A.
:
fruticosa, -vermilion, May
to Aug., 2 ft
Morocco
to Sept., 4 to
grandiflora, blue and
C in.; indioa
red, May
blue
July""
1 ft'
"
'
India.
PEEENNIAL
SPECIES
A.
oollina
22
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
GAMDENIXG.
OF
Ananas
(Pme-apple)."Ord. Bromeliaceaj.
Stove pUiuts, bearing
well-kuowu
fruit" piue apples. Orn.
First
foliage. Evergreen.
introduced
1690.
CULTUKE:
Compost, two parts decomposed
loam, one
the
fibry
part
another
well-decayedmanure,
part Jiu. bones " pounded oyster shells.
Position,pots plunged in a tan hotbed in stove facing south.
Temp.,
65" to 75"; March
Sept.to March
to Sept.75" to 90".
Full exposure
to sun
essential.
Water
moderately m winter, freely in summer.
Moist atmospheremost
essential in spring and
and
a slightly
summer,
dry
in winter.
one
When
bearing
inserted
when
in
two
small
begins to ripen
withhold
plants in fruitingpots.
old.
Propagate by suckers,
years
in
pots
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
leaves edged with
yellow
fruit
or
Supply
water.
Plants
into
come
of fruit
or
crowns
A.
sativus
A. sativus, 3
red.
ft.,Trop. America
variegatus,
Anaphalis
(PearlyEverlastingor Immortelle). Ord. Conipositas.
Hardy perennial. Flowers, white, useful for cutting in August and
"
drying
for
CULTUEE
winter
;
use.
Soil, ordinary.
March.
Increased
outdoors
in April.
or
N.
SPECIES
America.
by
CULTIVATED:
Position,sunny
division
A.
in
autumn
borders.
or
white,
margaritaoea,
Plant in Oct.
spring; seeds sown
July
and
Aug.,
ft.,
Anastatica
(Kose of Jericho; Eesurrection
Plant). Ord. Cruciferaa. Half-hardy annual.
Possesses the peculiarproperty in its native
rain comes
of
country of withering up in dry weather, and when
itself
out
alive.
as
spreading
again,
though
CULTUEE
Sow
seeds
in a cold frame
in spring
: Soil, ordinary.
" plant in sunny
border
in May.
A. Hieroohuntioa,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
1 ft.. Orient.
white, summer,
Anchor
Plant
See
CoUetia.
cruciata).
(Colletia
"
"
Anchusa
(Alkanet; Sea Bugloss). Ord. Boragiuaceas. Hardy
biennials " perennials.
borders.
CULTUEE;
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
Plant, Oct.
in
March.
or
J in. deep in March
Propagate biennials by seeds sown
in
55"
outdoors
of
to
boxes
or
or
soil,
65",
April;
temp.
sandy
pans
perennialsby division in Oct.
aud
CULTIVATED:
A. Barrelieri, Mue
white, June, 2 ft., Europe,
SPECIES
perennial; capensis, blue, July, 12 to 18 in., S. Africa, biennial; italica, blue,
July, 3 to 4 ft., S. France, perennial; Esmpervirens, Llue, June, 2 it., Europe,
perennial.
nica.
Anderson's
Spsedvirell
(Veronica Andersoni). See Vero"
"
Andre's
(Anthurium
Flamingo-plant
andreanum).
"
See
Anthurium.
ceae.
Eosemary). Ord. EricaEosemary; Wild
Evergreen.
Hardy
or
CULTUEE
:
Soil, boggy peat. Position,moist, shady borders
dead
wood.
No pruning required except to cut away
beds.
Plant, Oct.
in peaty soil in a
Propagate by layering shoots in Sept.; seeds sown
Andromeda
(Marsh
"
flowering shrub.
cold
frame.
A.
Temperate
CULTIVATED:
polifolia, pink, .Tune, 1 ft.. North
varieties.
See
and
sandra,
Pieris, Casare
major
Angustifolia, roamarinifolia
in this genus.
for other
Zenobia
and
species formerly included
Leucothoe
Stove " hardy
(Lemon Grass). Ord. Gramiueae.
Andropogon
1786.
introduced
First
ornamental
flowering grasses.
SPECIES
Regions.
"
23
CULTURE
OF
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYCLOPMDIA
STOVE
two
SPECIES
Pot,
in stove.
Position, pots
" sand.
one
part leaf-mould
Temp.,
March.
Water
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
freely March
Increased
65".
55"
to
by
March
75" to 85"; Oct. to March
to Oct.
division in March.
parts loam,
CULTURE
OF
Position, sunny
HARDY
occasionallyin
manure
STOVE
Lemon
HAIIDT
"
dry.
oitratus),
A.
the
Androsa.ce
CULTURE
"
Sohocuanthus
A.
India.
ft., foliage lemon-scented,
A. fmoatus,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
GrasR,
ordinary, light,
Propagate by division.
summer.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Soil
SPECIES:
border.
"
Position, sunny
Plant, March
18
America.
in., N.
Primulaceae.
Hardy
nial
peren-
sandy peat
greenhouse
ferns.
First introduced
1793.
CULTURE;
Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, sand, "
charcoal.
useful
for
wardian
Position, shady, moist;
cases.
Pot,
Water
"
Feb., March.
freelyspring
summer,
moderately other times.
to Sept. 70"^to 85", Sept. to March
60" to 65";
Temp., stove, March
March
to
45" to 50".
pagate
Progreenhouse,
Sept. 55" to 60", Sept. to March
by spores similar to Adiantum.
SPECIES
STOVE
CULTIVATED:
A. adiantifolia, 12 to 18 in., Trop. America;
collina, 8 to 12 ins.,Brazil; dregeana, 9 in., Natal;
rotundifolia, 6 to 9 in., Brazil.
GEEENHOUSE
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A.
PhiUltidis, 1 ft., Cuba, Peru;
tomentosa
(Syn. chelianthoides, deltoides and flesuosa), 1 to 2 ft.,Mexico, etc.
Anemone
Ranunculacese.
(Wind-flower). Ord.
ceous
Hardy herba" tuberous-rooted
perennials.
CULTURE
HERBACEOUS
OF
SPECIES
:
Soil, good ordinary,well
enriched
with
decayed manure.
Position, sunny
or
partiallyshady
borders.
Plant, autumn
or
spring. Increased by seeds sown
m
sandy
soil in cold frame
in spring; division of roots in Oct. or March;
root
cuttingsin spring.
^"
CULTURE
OF
TUBEROUS-ROOTED
with
leaf-mould
partiallyshaded
beds
Nov. ;
SPECIES:
"
decayed
borders.
Plant
tubers
in
Feb. " March.
or
Lift
dies, " store away in cool place till plantingtime.
in prepared beds of above soil in Jan. or Feb.
sown
apart in Oct.
or
or
Soil, moderately
Position,
Sin.
deep " 6 in'
manure.
tubers
when
Increased
foliage
by
seeds
in July
HERBACEOUS
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A. alpina, white. May, 1 ft
Europeangulosa (Syn. Hepatioa angulosa), blue, March, 1 ft., E. Europe; apennina
blue'
and
white, 6m., March, Europe; blanda, blue, Jau. to March, 6 in., Asia
rose,
March, 6 in., N. Hemisphere, and
its varieties
"*',*'""^,^^^"
^{.""^'v?/^*
a""J,
?i vl"""!?'??""lea.(bluo)oserulea plena (double blue), rubra (red), rubra plena
(double red), Barlowii
(blue) and rosea
(rose); japonioa (Japanese Wind-flower),
red, Sept., 2 ft., Japan, and numerous
varieties described
in trade
lists; nemerosa
(Wood
Anemone),
white, March, G in., Britain ; nemerosa
robinsoniana, blue
Pulsatilla
(Pasque Flower), blue, April, 1 ft., Britain; palmata, white
May
9 in., S. France;
rivularis,white, May, 2 to 3 ft..Himalayas;
sylvestris (Sniwdrop
-"""h
Anemone), white, April, 1 ft., Europe.
or
"
24
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
TOBBllOUS-ROOTED
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A. ooronaria
(Poppy Anemone),
oolouvs, spring, 1 ft., S. Europe; liortonsis,-various colours, spring, 1 ft.,
S. Europe;
liortensis fulgons (Scarlet Wind-flowor), crimson, May, 1 ft., S. Europe;
hortensis
pavonina
stellata
or
(Peacock Anemone),
double-flowered, ranunculoides
(Yellow Wood
Anemone), golden yellow, March, 1 ft., Britain, etc.
Anemonopsis
(Yerba Mansa).^ Ord. Eanuiimilaceae.
Hardy
herbaceous
1869.
perennial. First introduced
CULTURE:
Soil, deep rich loam.
Position,partiallyshaded border.
Plautj Oct., Nov., March.
Propagate by division of roots in Oct. or
March
in heat in March, planting seedliuss out in May.
; seeds sown
SPECIES
A.
and
0U1,TITATBD:
July,
macrophylla, lilao and
purple, June
2 to 3 ft., Japan.
Angel's-Tears
(Narcissustriandrus). See Narcissus.
"various
"
"
Angel's
Trumpet
Angelica
"
herb
CULTUEE
used
by
seeds
When
Soil,ordinary,deep,moist
March
3 in. high thin them
A. officinalis,
:
green,
|in.deep
sown
seedlingsare
in
loam.
where
to
ceous
herba-
pagate
Position, shady. Pro-
6 in.
plants are
to
remain.
apart.
SPECIES
CULTITATBD
"
"
little sand.
Position, pots in sunny parts of stove or greenhouse. Pot,
Water
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
March.
Temp.,
freelyMarch
afterwards
65"
to
to
55". to 60" for stove species;
March
75",
Oct.,
45" to 55" for greenhouse kinds.
to Oct. 55" to 65", Oct. to March
March
shoots
division
in
roots
of
March;
cuttings of young
Propagate by
in
i
n
75"
sand
under
inserted in
bell-p-lass, temp.
April.
A.
CULTIVATED:
STOVE
SPECIES
oornigera, purple, Aug., 1 ft., Brazil;
floribunda, purple, Aug., 1 ft.,Brazil; salicarisefolia,blue, Aug., 2 ft., S. America.
CULTIVATED:
A.
S'PEOIES
angustafolia, violet, .lur.e,1 Jt.,
GREENHOUbB
grandiflora, purple,
Gardneri,
purplisb-white, May, 1 ft., Pernambuco;
Mexico;
Sept., July, 1 ft., Pernambuco.
Stove
Filices.
fern.
tree
Ord.
Angiopteris
(Turnip-fern).
"
Evergreen.
"
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, sand
in
in.
3
March.
Position, pots or tubs, standing
charcoal.
Pot, Feb.,
Water
in ."hade.
moderately other
of water
freelyin spring " summer,
45" to 50".
55"
March
to
to
to
60"; Sept
times.
Sept.
Temp., March
Propagate by offsets only.
A. eyecta, 10 to 16 ft..Tropics.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
See Sanseviera.
Hemp.
Angola
Orchidaceae.
Ord.
Stove
epiphytal orchids.
Angrsecum.
"
"
1815.
Flowers
fragrant. First introduced
potsherds, charcoal, "
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts broken
in
Position, shady
suspended baskets or well-drained
sphagnum moss.
wards.
afterto Oct., moderately
March
Water
March.
freely
pots. Pot,
80".
70"
to
to
60"
March
to
March
to
65";
Sept.
Temp., Sept.
axils
leaves
in
of
Flower
winter.
top
spikes appear
Resting period,
Propagate by division of plant in March.
when
growth is finished.
and
white. May
June, 8 to 13 in.,
A.
artioulatum,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
white, Aug., 12 to 15 in., Trop. Africa; oitratum, lemoneaudatum,
Madagascar;
1 to 2 ft., Maewhite, spring,
eburnum,
spring, 6 to 8 in., Madagascar;
yellow
falcatum, white, spring,
1ft., Madagascar;
carene'
Islands ; EUisii, white. May,
Islands; fasHumboldtii, white, spring, 8 to 10 in., Comoro
4 to 6 in., Japan;
soottianum,
white, spring, 1 ft., Comoro
spring, Madagascar;
white,
tuosum
25
ENCYCLOPyEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
sesquipedale, white,
Islands;
sanderianum, white, spring, 1 ft., Comoro
1 ft., Madagascar.
Orchidaceae.
Ord.
Cradle
Ang^uloa
Orchid).
(Bull's Head;
1842.
introduced
Warm
First
Flowers
greenhouse orchids.
fragrant.
Islands;
Jan.
to
June,
"
CULTlIItE
Compost,
fibrous
when
new
part
little
afterwards.
Sept., very
55" to G0".
to March
Besting
of
Pot
house.
peat
charcoal.
"
freely May
60"
to
65"; Sept.
to
at base
appear
when
of
division
repotting.
pseudo-bulbs
growth. Propagate by
13 to
18 in., Colombia;
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
A. dowesii, yellow, May,
uniflora, cream.
May, 2 to 3 ft.,
Ruckeri, yellow and crimson. May, 18 in., Colombia;
in trade
lists.
of each
Colombia.
Seyeral
varieties
species will be found
succulent-stemmed
Anhaloniuin.
Greenhouse
Ord.
Cactaceae.
of
new
"
perennials.
Grown
milarias.
CULTURE
for
the
beauty
of
globose stems.
Allied
to
Mam-
pounded
50" to 55".
to Sept.60" to 70"; Sept. to March
March
Propagate by
seeds sown
in
well-drained
m.
or
\
pots of sandy soil in temp.
pans
deep
75" in March,
keeping soil moderately moist; by cuttings of the tops
of tlie
inserted
plants
SPECIES
Mexico;
in small pots of
A. Engelmanni,
CULTIVATED:
Williamsii,
Anig^OZEinthOSi
perennials.
Nat.
CULTURE:
silver sand.
to
Ord.
Australia.
"
in
to
in., Mexico;
in
spring.
prismaticum,
in.,
in., Mexico.
Compost,
Pot
one
March.
Haemodoraceae.
First introduced
part loam,
two
Position, pots
Greenhouse
herbaceous
1802.
in
light. Water
freely in spring "
winter.
Temp., 40" to 50" in winter; no heat at other times.
Propagate W division of the roots in spring.
CULTIVATED:
A. bicolor, scarlet and
SPECIES
green.
May, 3 ft.; Manglesii,
and
red, July, 3 ft. ; pulcherrima, yellow and
green
white. May, 2 ft. ; rufa,
purple, June, 2 ft.
Animated
Oat
(Avena sterilis).See Avena.
Anise.
See Pimpiuella.
Aniseed
Tree
(lUicium floridanum)."See lUicium.
exposed
to
"
autumn
"
"
AncectOChilUS
orchids.
golden,
Orn.
(King-plant)."Ord. Orchidaceae.
Stove
trial
terresfoliage. Ht. 3 to Bin.
Leaves, bronze, olive,
green.
CULTURE
Compost, peat,sand,
quite
close.
Water
pans
moderately at
"
sphagnum
under
moss
in
bell-glassnot
all times.
Pot, Feb.
to Sept. 60" to 75".
Temp., Sept. to Feb. 55" to 65"; March
in Feb.
by inserting portions of stems in same
compost
for plants, " under
bell-glass.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
equal parts.
fixed
or
down
March.
Propagate
as
advised
A. argyroncnrus,
olive, veins silvery, Java; conoinnus
golden, Assam;
Heriotii, reddish, veins golden, India; hieroglyphicus'
veins
silvery, Assam;
Lansbergiaj, velvety green,
green,
veins
emerald-green'
veins
Malaya;
regalis, velvety green,
golden, Ceylon;
regalis. albo-marginatus
ed^ed with white; regalis oordatus, edged with gold; regalis granditolius golden
netted
Veitohii, velvety green,
with
veins;
gold. Kumerons
other
species mav
in specialists'catalogues.
be found
See Lapeyrousia.
Anomatlieca.
olive, veins
"
BNOYCLOPMDIA
Anona
(AlligatorApple;
Custard
sliruba.
First
Apple;
Sweet
Sop)." Ord. AnoLeaves
1690.
grant.
fraintroduced
edible.
reticulata, " A. squamosa
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part peat, " a little silver
March
or
Water
April. Position, light " sunny.
freely
Stove
Fruit
naceae.
GARDENING.
OF
evergreen
of A. muricata, A.
CULTURE
sand.
Pot,
March
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
Syringe daily April to Sept.
Shade
from bright sunshine.
to Oct. 65^ to 85"; Oct. to
Temp., March
March
55" to 65". Propagate
by seeds in spring, or by cuttings of
firm shoots in moist sand
under
75" in summer.
bell-glassin
temp.
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
A.
Cherimolia
Trop. America;
murioata
(Sonr
palustria (Alligator Apple), yellow, summer,
10ft., Trop. America;
^Custard Apple), yellow and brown, summer,
15 to 18 ft., Trop. America;
15 to 20 ft., W.
(Sweet Sop), white, summer,
Indies.
Anopterus
(Tasmanian Laurel).
floweringshrub.
Evergreen. First
"
Ord.
reticulata
squamosa
Saxifragacae.
introduced
house
Green-
1823.
CULTURE
Pot "
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part peat " sand.
March.
March
Position,
to
prune,
sunny greenhouse. Temp., Sept.
45" to 50"; March
to Sept. 55" to 65".
Water
moderately in winter,
other
times.
at
abundantly
Propagate by cuttingsof firm shoots 3 in.
in
under
in temp. 65" in summer.
long, sandy peat
bell-glass
SPECIES
CDLTITATED:
A.
glandulosus, white
or
pink, April, 2 to 3 ft.,
Tasmania.
Antennaria
(Cat's-ear).Ord. Compositae. Hardy herbaceous
perennials. Leaves, silverywhite; useful for carpet bedding or
edgingsto borders, clothingdry spots.
CULTURE:
borders
rockeries.
or
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
Oct.
division
in
roots
of
March.
Plant, March
or
Propagate by
"
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: A.
dioica, pink, June, 3 in., Britain ; dioioa tomentosa,
Last-named
1 in., Britain.
is a good carpet bedding
wMte, summer,
plant. A
known
as
margaritacea is now
Anaphalis margaritacea, whicli see.
Ant'Tieinis
(Chamomile). Ord. Compositse. Hardy perennials.
for
Flowers
the
Chamomile
of
Common
(A. nobilis),used
making
Chamomile
Tea ; those of other speciesfor ordinary garden decoration.
CULTURE
Position, sunny borders for tall species
: Soil, ordinary.
;
rockeries for dwarf
Common
Chamomile
Plant, Oct. or March.
ones.
in April. Gather
to be planted 3 ft. apart in rows
30 in. asunder
flowers
division
in
Increased
seeds
when
March;
sown
fully expanded.
by
"
outdoors
SPECIES
in
April.
CTJLTITATED:
A.
biebersteiniana,'
white,
summer,
to
nobilis
macedonica,
white, June, 6 to 8 in., Macedonia;
(Common
white, Aug., 1ft., Europe; tinctoria
(Dyer's or Ox-eye Chamomile),
2 ft., Europe.
are
Kelwayi and Mrs. H. T. Brooks
pretty varieties
species.
Anthericum
(St.Bernard's
perennials.
CULTURE:
Soil, light,rich.
Lily).
"
Ord.
Liliaceae.
ft.,Orient;
Chamomile),
white, Aug.,
of
the
Hardy
latter
baceous
her-
borders.
Position, partiallyshaded
in.
in
seeds
Nov.
sown
Plant, Oct.,
deep
light soil in
^
Propagate by
of
division
in
in
roots
March
Oct.
cold frame
Sept. or
;
A. Liliago (St. Bernard's
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Lily), white, July and Aug.,
June
to
white.
12 to 18 in., S. Europe;
Liliago major, a superior form; ramosum,
for
Paradisea, Pulyinella, and Chlorophytum
Aug., 2 ft., S. Europe. See the genus
in this genus.
other species formerly included
AnthOlyza
(African Corn-flag). Ord. Iridaceae. Hardy bulbous
"
perennials.
First
introduced.
1756.
Position, sunny
border, well
CULTURE:
Soil, light, sandy.
6 in. deep. Bin.
bulbs
drained; pots in cool greenhouse. Plant
apart
Bulbs to be lifted in Aug., dried,
in border, or six in a G in. pot, Oct.
27
"k stored
offsets at
place. Propagate by
spring.
in slightheat
seeds
GARDENING.
OP
EnCYOLOP^DIA
in
OULTITATED:
SPECIES
paniculata, yellow
and
Natives
4 ft.
(Staphylea pinnata).
Anthony-nut
"
of
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
for
March.
or
odoratum,
March
in
or
Oct.
A.
cerefolium
Anthurium
"
First introduced
CULTUEE
;
1825.
Compost,
to
March
seeds
to
sown
1ft., Europe;
"
CULTIVATED
plants.
of
"
apart
SPECIES
odour
newly
bouquets.
Position, open
Plant, Oct. or March.
plants are to grow
Jin. deep where
has
the
herb
TJmbelliferse.
Hardy annual
1656.
flavouring. First introduced
der
borsouth
Soil, ordinary. Position, shady in summer,
Sow seeds broadcast
J in. deep, or similar depth in drills
garnishing
CULTURE
in winter.
6 in.
Gramineae.
"
(Chervil). Ord.
AnthriSCUS
used
A.
A.
Staphylea.
See
Inflorescence
Hardy perennial floweringgrass.
mown
hay, and is useful for drying for winter
OULTtJEE:
Soil,ordinary.
border.
Propagate by seeds sown
in April; division of roots, Oct.
4ft.;
Africa.
S.
Vernal-grass;. Ord.
(Sweet
Anthoxanthum
yellow, .Tune, 3 to
red
"thiopioa,
A.
red, July, 3 to
and
planting time;
Pot,
peat,
March.
moss.
sphagnum
March
freely
Water
60" to 65";
moderately afterwards.
Temp., Sept. to March
70"
8lJ".
division
to
of
in March;
roots
Sept.
Propagate by
of chopped sphagnum
in a mixture
moss,
charcoal," sand
in spring.
A.
ecarkt
and
CULTIVATED,
Flowering;
andreanum,
white,
Colombia
white
and
purple, -Venezuela
mala;
; ornatum,
scherzeriannm, scarlet, Guate;
and
Ornamental-leaved:
Williameii, white
cream.
bia;
ColomBrownii, green,
and
Peru;
orystallinum, green,
magniflcuni, green
white, Colombia; Veitohii,
and
and
Colombia;
green,
white, Colombia.
For varieties,
warrocqueanum,
green
in
temp,
of 80"
SPBOIBS
which
are
see
numerous,
AnthylliS
shrubs
Hardy
lists.
(Kidney Vetch;
and
Leguminosse.
perennials.
CULTUEE:
Soil,
border.
Plant, Oct.
shoots under
seeds sown
in Oct.
trade
bell-glassin cold
Jin. deep in warm
frame
border
in March
; herbaceous
species by
in April or by division of root
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
(Shrubs): A. Barba-Jovis, pale yellow
March
4 ft
HermanniK,
yellow, April, 2 to 4ft., Corsica.
Perennial
species: A. montana, pink, June, S to 6 in., Alps; Vulaeraria
(Wound-wort
or
Lady's
Finffers)
to Aug., 6 to 12 in., Britain.
yellow, June
Spain;
Antirrhinum
herbaceous
CULTUEE
or
walls.
(Snapdragon).
"
Ord.
Scrophulariaceae. Hardy
perennials.
: Soil,ordinary.
Position, warm,
Plant,
in temp. 70" in
April. Propagate by seeds sown
April,transplanting
seedlingsin May ; cuttings
March
outdoors
or
in
of young
shoots in cold frame
in
fresh plants being raised
Aug.
OF
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
GAIiDlilNING.
in bottom
" 2 in. top soil on
wide for double
Put 3 iji.manure
rows.
for
end of June
for early crop:
this.
in June
Plant
out
first week
in.
apart
main
Distance
apart for plants,8 in. for single row ; 9
crop.
from
Earth
in row
for double rows.
" 6 in. between
gradually
rows
up
in
light
only. Sow seeds 1-10 in. deep
Sept. to Nov. in fine weather
in March
in
" March
for early crop;
soil in temp. 65" to 75" in Feb.
in ^pril. Seedlings in
similar temp, for main
crop, or in cold frame
first two
to be transplanted2 in. apart in light soil in boxes, kept
cases
in temp. 55" to 65" for few weeks, then planted Bin. apart in shady
Water
till required for planting in trenches.
bed outdoors
liberally
solitt
hearts.
manure
to
until earthed
ensure
Liquid
crisp,
apply
up
at rate
of 1 oz.
from
week
a
once
planting till earthing up. Guano
Plants
suitable stimulant.
for seed bearing
most
to gallon of water
in
them
not
to be earthed
severe
weather;
transplant
protect
up;
followingspring; gather seed in Sept. Seeds germinate in 15 to 20
maturity in 24
1,000 plants.
their vitalityfrom
weeks from date seeds
eight to
are
ten
1
sown.
Crop reaches
years.
of seed will yield
oz.
30 to 40
Manures:
Soil,deep, light," rich.
in in autumn
20 tons
or
acre,
ploughed
;
per
" 4 cwt. superphosphate per
of farmyard manure
applied in autumn
acre
applied in spring. Plough out trenches 6 in. deep, 1 ft. wide, "
4 ft. apart in May, " plant direct into these ; or dig out trenches
1 ft.
tread
with
wide " 18 in. deep, put in 1 ft. of manure,
firmly," cover
4 in. of soil,then
plant. Sow for early crops in Feb., main crops in
out
in April. Plant
March, and late ones
early crops in May, mainin
moist.
in
late
Earth
ones
June,
fully
July.
Keep
crops
up when
in
this
in
three
bundles
Do
Market
taining
operations.
(rolls)congrown.
sticks.
8 washed
12 unwashed
or
1,200
Average yieldper acre,
rolls. Average returns
(gross)per acre, ^640 to ^660.
Culture
Maeket
tons
of
farmyard
CULTURE
OP
manure
TUBNIP-RODTED
OR
CELERY
CELERIAC:
Soil,
level border.
Plant in June
1 ft. apart in
Draw
18 in. asunder.
little mould
rows
Keep all side shoots removed.
around
base of each in Aug.
Water
in
weather.
Lift roots
freely
dry
in Oct. " store them
in sand
in shed
till required for use.
"
Sow
treat seedlingsas advised
for ordinary celery.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A. graveolens (Celery),white, July, 3 ft., Britain;
graveolens rapaceum
white, July.
(Celeriao),
Aponogeton
(Cape Pond-weed; Winter Hawthorn)." Ord. Naiadaceae.
floatingaquatic. Nat. Cape of Good Hope. First
Ilalf-liardy
introduced 1788.
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, shallow ponds or lakes, 1 ft.
deep where there is a stream of water, or in a cold greenhouse tank or
aquaria. Plant in pots, sinking the latter in the water during March.
Not hardy in the north.
Propagate by offsets.
CULTIVATED:
A. distaohyon, white, fragrant, summer.
BPEOIBS
See Pyrus.
Apple."
Rose
Apple-bearins
(Rosa villosa pomifera)."See Rosa.
rich,light. Position,sunny
of
Apple
Apricot.
Aqulleg:ia
Graceful
flowers for
CULTURE:
Peru
(Nicandra physaloides). See Nicandra.
See Prunus.
RanunculacesB.
(Columbine). Ord.
Hardy perennials.
plantsfor border or rockery culture " for yielding
"
"
"
cutting.
"
with leaf-mould.
Position,
borders.
Plant, Oct. or
BNOYCLOP^DIA
GARDMNINO.
OF
March.
Propagateby seeds sown
in Aug., or
in
border
in
open
April;
diyision
of
the
roots
in
frame
Oct.
or
April.
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
A.
canadensis,
scarlet
and
"
Arabis
Cruciferie.
Cress;." Ord.
perennial Alpine trailingplants.
OUETUEE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, edgings
massing
or
bulbs,
well-drained
nual,
an-
ders
bor-
rockeries
of Spring-flowering
; carpeting beds
1-16 in. deep
Propagate by seeds sown
Aprilj cuttingsinserted in shady border in Aug. ; division
on
sunny
Plant, Oct.
etc.
outdoors
to
Hardy
". Nov.
in
in Oct.
of roots
SPEOIES
A.
CULTIVATED:
albida, white, spring, 6 to
albida
alLida
flore-pleno; double-flowered
variegata, leaves
;
Arachis
Diinosae.
seed
pod
edible.
OULTUEE
of 75"
to
"
Compost, loam, leaf-mould
spring; plant seedlings in
85"
in
lightposition.
SPECIES
Aralia
shrubs.
Water
moderately.
CULTIVATED:
A.
hypogKa,
Temp.
1
sand.
Sow
seeds in
small pots and
grow
75" to 8S"-
ft.. West
in
hardy plants
"
Indies.
Stove
(Angelica Tree). Ord. Araliaceae.
"
deciduous.
Orn.
foliage. Evergreen
"
temp,
First
introduced
1658.
SPEOIES
: Compost,
equal parts loam, peaty
Water
sand.
to March.
leaf-mould,
charcoal,
Pot, Feb.
freely
March
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
to
March
Temp.,
Sept. 70" to
80" ; Sept.to March
60" to 70"Propagate by grafting in heat in
in
roots
of
lightsoil in temp. 80" in April.
spring; insertingportions
CULTUllE
OF
STOVE
"
HAEDY
SPECIES:
loam.
Soil, rich, well-drained
for
borders
herbaceous
species,margins of lakes or
Position,shady
for shrubby kinds.
Plant, Sept.
ponds, or moist, sheltered shrubberies
" April. Increase
iu
" Oct. or in March
by division in Oct. or March
of herbaceous
case
species; suckers for shrubby species.
A. elegantissima, Polynesia;
STOVE
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
kerchoveana,
Veitohii
filiclfoha,
Veitchii, New
Caledonia;
gracillima:
Polynesian Islands;
Pseudo-panax, EliBodendron,
Polynesia. See also Panax, Oreopanaz, Acanthopanax,
Aralias.
Fatsia
for
other
and
as
species formerly known
A. cachemirica, white,
HARDY
PERENNIALS
CULTIVATED:
HERBACEOUS
4 to 6ft., Japan;
cordata
6ft., Himalayas;
(syn. edulis),white, summer,
summer,
greenish white, June,
nudicaulis, greenish, June, 3 to 4ft., N. America;
raoemosa,
CULTURE
N.
OF
America.
HARDT
SHRUBBY
cus),
ohinonsis
mandschuriA.
SPECIES
(syn. Dimorphanthus
:
ohinensis
folius
gated
varieaureus-variegatus,
12ft., elegant foliage, China;
with yellow;
spinosa (Angelica Tree), white, autumn, 8 to 13ft., N. America.
31
fi to
(Monkey Puzzle;
Pine; Bunya-Bunya
Araucaria
Norfolk
Island
GABBMNING.
OF
MNCYOLOPMDIA
Chilian
Pine;
Pine)." Ord.
Bay Pme;
Cruciferae. Hardy
Moreton
"
Propagateby
sown
1 in.
April.
,
parts loam,
SPECIES
GREENHOUSE
: Compost, two
Position, pots or tubs
one
part leaf-mould, and one part silver sand.
Water
freely during
in sunny
house.
well drained
Repot in March.
Avoid
ing;
overcrowdother
seasons.
at
and
moderately
summer,
spring
55"
to 65"; Oct. to
to Oct.
Temp., March
give plenty of room.
45" to 55".
Propagate by
March
Requires plenty of air in summer.
shoots inserted in sandy loam in a
of cuttings of ends of young
means
plants by stem-rooting
tali, overgrown
warm
greenhouse in autumn;
in spring.
A. imbrioata
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
(CHli Pine), 50 to 100ft., Chili;
HARDY
imbricata
golden-tinted foliage.
aurea,
OF
CULTURE
to
GREENHOUSE
150 ft.,
(Moreton
100
to
120
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A.
Bidwillii
(Bunya-Bunya
Tree), 100
Caledonia;
Cnnninghamii
Cookii, ISO to 200 ft.. New
Queensland;
excelsa
Pine),
(Norfolk Island
Bay Pine), 70 to 100ft., Queensland;
ft., Norfolk
Island; and its varieties glauoa (goldieana and robusta);
Araujia.
Caledonia.
"
Nat. Brazil.
CULTURE:
Stove
Ord. Asclepiadaceae.
1837.
First introduced
floweringevergreen
climbers.
" sand.
Position,
Compost, equal parts peat, loam
trellis.
wire
round
trained
roof
shoots
or
Pot, Feb.
pots or beds;
up
afterwards.
March
to
March.
Water
or
Sept., moderately
freely
Prunj
shoots moderately annually
to Aug.
Syringe twice daily March
in Jan.
occasionally during May, June, " July.
Apply liquidmanure
55" to 65".
65"
75"
March
to
to
Oct.
Propagate
Temp.,
; Oct to March
in sandy soil under
inserted
4
of
shoots
in. long
by cuttings
young
Bflassin temp. 75" to 80" in spring.
propagatingSPECIES
CULTIVATED
grandiflora (Syn. A. grayeolens and Sobubertia
: A.
grandiflora),white, fragrant, Oct.; sericifera (Syn. Physianthus albens), white, Aug.
Arbor-vitse
(Thuya occidentalis). See Thuya.
Arbutus
(Strawberry-tree).Ord. Ericaceas.' Hardy orn. foliage
" fruit-bearing
trees.
berry-like;
Fruit, globular, scarlet,strawEvergreen.
in
after
Oct., year
ripe
flowering.
"
"
sheltered.
Plant,
Soil, sandy peat. Position, sunny,
seeds
in.
1
in
well-drained
sown
Propagate by
deep
pans
CULTURS:
Sept. to Dec.
in cold
in
April.
inarching
of
sandy peat
frame
in March
SPECIES
budding
in
July
or
Aug.
or
CULTIVATED:
A. Andraohne,
greenish
white, April, 12 to 14 ft..
hybrida, white. Sept.. 8 to 10ft., hybrid; Uenziesii, white, Sept., 10ft,
N. America
white, Sept., 10 to 20 ft.,S. Europe, including Ireland.
; Unedo,
Archansei
(Angelica officinalis).See Angelica.
Arctic
Bramble
See Rubus.
(Eubus arcticus)."
ArctotiS.
Ord. Compositaa. Half-hardy herbaceous
perennials,
adapted for cool greenhouseand outdoor culture.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
Soil, loamy, enriched
with
leaf-mould.
but will do in shade.
Position, preferablysunny,
Plant
in April or
Protect
Best
May.
by handlights or frames in winter.
raised from
seed or cuttings annually," grown
outside in summer
only.
INDOOR
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts of loam " leaf-mould
with a little sand.
Position,well-drained pots in sunny part of greenhouse.
Water
from
March
to
liberally
Oct., moderately at other
Levant;
"
"
33
ENCYCLOPMDIA
seasons.
Avoid
in
OF
GARDENING.
too
cold frame
in early summer.
18 in., 8. Africa;
aoaulis, red and yellow, summer,
yellow, July, 2 to 3 ft., S. Africa.
aspera,
ArdiSia,
(Spear-flower).Ord. Myrsinaceae.
Stove-flowering"
1809.
berry-bearingplants. Evergreen. First introduced
CULTURE:
Oompost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, " sand.
Pot, Feb. to March.
Position, pots, in light,sunuy
part of stove.
Water
little in winter.
Prune
freelyin summer,
straggly shoots back
to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March
closelyin March.
Temp., March
55" to 65".
seeds
\ in. deep in above compost in
sown
by
Propagate
temp. 75" in spring; cuttings of side shoots in similar soil " temp.,
March.
SPECIES
in June, followed
CULTIVATED:
A. crenata, flowers
white, borne
by
alba, a white-berried
pretty red berries, 3 to 4 ft., China ; crenata
variety.
Orn.
Areca
Stove palms.
Palm). Ord. Palmaceae.
(Betel-nut
1690.
foliage. First introduced
CULTUEE
:
Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, " sand.
Water
Position, shady, moist.
freelyat all times. Pot, Feb., March.
70"
85"
60" to 65". Propagate
March
to
to
Sept.
; Sept. to March
Temp.,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A.
"
"
by seeds.
^Betel.nut Palm), 20 to 30 ft., Trop. Asia.
Chrysalidocarpus, which
see.
Arenaria
(Sand-wort). Ord. Caryophyllaceae.Hardy herbaceous
1731.
perennialsor rockery plants. First introduced
Position, partially shaded
CULTUEE
Soil, ordinary, moist.
:
1-16 in.
rockeries.
Plant, Oct. to March.
Propagate by seeds sown
under
bellMarch
in
in
cold
soil
boxes
in
frame,
cuttings
;
sandy
deep
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
is now
included
lutescens
A.
Catechu
A.
in
tl^e genus
"
or
March.
Isles;
balearioa. white. 2 to 3 in., June, Balearic
and
Shetland
2 in,, Orkney
Isles;
gothica {Syn. A. ciliata), white, summer,
6 in., Europe;
montana,
white, April, 3 in., Spain;
white, sunimer,
grWndiflora,
6 in., Pyrenees;
white, June, 2 in., Britain,
Terna,
purple, summer,
purpurascens,
A
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
etc.
Arethusa.
CULTUEE
Compost, sphagnum
by covering
also be grown
SPECIES
of
leaves.
decayed
in
Half-hardy
Ord. Orchidaceae.
"
pots in cold
CULTIVATED
moss,
peat
Plant, Oct.
"
terrestrial
to Dec.
May
autumn.
rosy
in winter
Protect
Propagate by offsets in
frames
or
greenhouses.
bulbosa,
orchid.
well-decayed manure.
in., Carolina.
ovftdoors in Mav.
ANNUAL
SPECIES
Perennials
will not
CULTIVATED:
A.
flower
till
followingyear.
and
1ft.,
Aug.,
white,
hirsuta,
"
CULTUEE
new
OP
HAEDY
SPECIES
March.
Soil, ordinary.
Position,
borders.
Plant,
Oct.
or
3S
sunny
after
GARDSNINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
SPECIES:
Compost,
GREENHOUSE
stove
or
m
Position,
sand.
"
pots
equal parts peat, leaf-mould,
wards.
afterto
dry
Water
March
March.
Oct.,
keep
freely
greenhouse. Pot,
to March
" 60" to 65". Oct.
to Oct.
Temp. 70" to 80" March
to Oct.
" 55 to 60" March
for stove species; 40" to 50" Oct. to March
CULTUEE
OF
AND
STOVE
loam
STOVE
SPECIES
A.
CULTIVATED:
layas; galeatum,
white, July,
of tubers.
white. June, 1 to 2ft., Himar
white, April, 4 ft.,
tortuosum,
division
for
coaoinnum,
ft., Himalayas;
Himalayas.
GREENHOUSE
America.
HARDY
12
to
18
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
triphyllum
Himalayas;
SPECIES
or
atrorubens,
A.
green
1 to
2ft.,
ft., N.
A. Grifithii, brown,
violet, and green.
May,
and
April, 2 ft.,Japan.
riugens, white
green,
Iridaceae.
Greenhouse
floweringshrub.
evergreen
CULTIVATED:
in., Himalayas;
Aristea.
Ord.
First introduced
1803.
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts good peat, one part sandy loam "Sc
little sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in light, airy greenhouse.
wards.
Feb.
March.
Water
or
Pot,
copiously,April to Oct., moderately after50"
60".
4X)"
to
to
March
March
Oct.
50^;
to
to
Oct.
Temp.,
An abundance
moderate
other times.
amount
of air requiredin summer,
in sandy loam
" peat in temp. 55" to 65" in
Propagate by seeds sown
"
spring;
SPECIES
summer,
by
offsets removed
CULTIVATED:
3 ft.,S. Africa.
from
A.
corymbosa
or
(Syn. Witsenia
April.
purple,
corymbosa),
AristOlochia,
Pipe). Ord. Aristolo(Birth-wort; Dutchman's
chiaceaa.
Stove " hardyclimbing or herbaceous
plants. Evergreen "
1727.
deciduous.
First introduced
CULTURE
AND
OF
STOVE
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
:
Compost,
two-thirds
leaf-mould
" sand.
loam, one-third
ders;
Position, pots or bortrained
shoots
close to roof of stove.
Pot
in March.
Water
little in winter.
to Sept. 70" to 80",
freelyin summer,
Temp., March
Prune
60"
65".
to
to
March
shoots
Sept.
straggly
only. Propagateby
in light,rich soil in temp. 75
seeds sown
in March
similar
; cuttingsin
soil " temp., Feb.
OF
CULTURE
HARDY
SPECIES:
Soil, good ordinary, well
drained.
Position, sunny borders for herbaceous
species; south, west,
east walls,or pergolas,trellises,
Plant
in
etc., for climbing kinds.
or
Increased
autumn
of
in
shoots
inserted
or
by cuttings
spring;
ripe
soil
in
heat
in
slislit
summer.
sandy
A.
STOVE
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
braziliensis, purple, ,TnIy, 15 to SO ft.,
Brazil; Duchartrei, yellow and
brown, July, 2ft., Brazil; gigas, purple, June,
8 to 10 ft., Guatemala;
and
goldieana, green
yellow, July, 10 ft.. Old Calabar;
elegans, green, white, and red, 8 to 10 ft.,Srazil.
SPECIES:
HARDT
HERBACEOUS
A. Clematitis, yellow, June
to Sept.. 2 to
3 ft., Europe.
CLIMBING
SPECIES:
A. Sipho (Dutchman's
HARDT
Pipe), yellowish brown.
and June, 15 to 30 ft., N. America;
May
tomentosa, purple, July and Aug.. 10 to
"
15
ft., N.
America.
Armaria
(Thrift; Sea-pink; Lady's Pincushion
Ord. Plumbaginacese. Hardy perennial.
Cushion-pink)."
loam.
Position, edgings to or massing on
rcokeries.
or
Plant, Oct. or March.
Propagate by
1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in
seeds sown
in
cold
frame,"
pans
April;
division of plants in Oct. or March.
A. ooespitosa, rose,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
.Tune, 2 in., Spain and Portuiral ;
latifolia (Syn. A. Cephalotes). crimson. June, 6 to 12 in., Portugal; maritima
(Syn
and .Tune, 4 in., Europe (Britain): maritima
A. irul^aris), pink, May
alba (white):
maritima
lauoheana
(crimson) ; mnuritanioa, rose,
July, 18 in. to 2 ft. ' and
plantaginea splendens, rose. June, 18 in., Europe.
CULTURE:
borders
sunny
Soil,sandy
"
'
34
ENOYOLOPMDIA
OF
"
ArnattO
Arnebia.
OULTUEE:
GARDENING.
."
."
"
annuals
" perennials
rockery, well drained.
Sow
seeds of annual
speciesin light soil in gentle heat in March, "
plant out seedlingsin May. Plant perennialspeciesin Oct. or March
" increase by cuttings or seeds.
"
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
A.
oornuta, yellow, spotted with pnrple, BOmmer,
18 in.
to 2 ft., Tnrkestan;
Grifatliii,yellow, Jnly, 9 in., N.W.
India.
PBBENNIAL
SPECIES:
A. maorothyrsa,
1 ft., N. Kurdistan.
yellow, summer,
A. eohioides
included
(Prophet Flower) now
in genus
Macrotomia, whioh
see.
Arpopnyllum.
Ord.
"
Orchidacese.
Warm
introduced
1838.
orchids.
greenhouse terrestrial
Evergreen. First
CULTURE
:
Compost, good fibry peat
" charcoal.
Pot, Feb.
or
March.
Position, well-drained pots in sunny
part of house.
Temp.,
Oct. to Feb. 45" to 55" ; other times 55" to 65"'. Water
moderately in
Flowers
winter, freelyin summer.
at
Eesting period,winter.
appear
base of new
after
division
of
resting.
Propagate
by
pseudo-bulb
plants
when
repotting.
1 ft.,New
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A. oardinale, rose, summer,
Grenada; pgantenm, purplish roso, April, 2 ft., Mexico ; spicatum, purple, April, 1 ft., Uezico
and
Guatemala.
Arrow
Arum
Arrow-head
Arrow-root
Artemisia
"
"
"
"
"
CULTURE
deciduous.
OP
SHRUBBY
AND
HERBACEOUS
SPECIES:
Soil,
borders
rookeries.
Oct.
March.
or
or
ordinary. Position, sunny
Plant,
Increased
for shrubby
by cuttingsinserted in open ground in summer
for herbaceous
kinds; division in Oct. or March
species;seeds sown
outdoors
in April for annual
" other
species.
CULTURE
OF
TARRAGON:
tion,
Soil,light,dryish, ordinary. Posiborder.
Plant
roots
2 to 3 in. deep, 8 in. apart in rows
sunny
18 in. asunder, March
or
April. Replant annually. Cut foliage off
in Sept.," dry it for use
in winter.
Place a few roots in ordinarysoil
"
this
in
box
in
or
warm
greenhouse in Oct. to supply
large pot,
put
shoots
winter.
Propagate by cuttingsof shoots inserted
during
young
in ordinary soil in temp. 55" in March
or
April, or under hand-light
in July ; division of the roots in March
outdoors
or
April.
SHEUBBT
SPECIES
A.
HAUDT
PERENNIAL
(Southernwood,
Abrotannm
2 to
SPECIES
ft., Europe
CULTIVATED
Lad's
Love, or Old Man),
oserulesoens, blue, Aug., leaves
A.
6 in.,
Caucasus;
yellow, Aug., 2 to 3 ft.,
argentea, yellow, July, IS in.; Madeira;
cana,
N.
dranunouloides
America;
lanata, silvery leaved, prettj.,6 in., Europe;
gon),
(TarraAhsinthum
2ft., N. America;
pontica, grey foliage,2ft,, Austria;
(Worm*
wood), yellow, Aug., 18 in., Europe.
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
ArthropOdium.
A.
annua,
"
Ord.
5 to 6ft., E. Europe.
yellow, summer,
Liliacese.
Greenhouse
herbaceous
nials.
peren-
First introduced
1800.
CULTURE:
part peat, " a
Compost, two parts sandy loam, one
well-drained
silver
sand.
liberal quantity of
Position,
pots in sunny
Water
March
or
April.
freelyspring "
part of greenhouse. Pot,
40" to
to
winter.
Oct.
March
"
Temp.,
summer,
moderately autumn
seeds
in
mixture
65"to Oct. 55" to
a
sown
45" ; March
Propagate by
35
c2
GARDENINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
of
to
tjULU'IFATED
SPECIES
white. May,
oaledonioum,
removed
white,
oirrhatum,
A.
:
Caledonia;
18 in., Kew
in
temp, of 55"
spring.
in
Zea^nd,
dii.,
May,
neo-
ft., New
paniottlatum,white,
3
May,
Wales.
South
New
sand,
"
See
Plant
Artichoke.
"
Artillery
Artocarpus
(Bread-fruitor Jack-tree)."
Orn.
trees.
evergreen
crimson
or
First
htove
Urticaceae.
Ord.
large,
Leaves,
1793.
introduced
green.
" sand.
leaf-mould
into
Prune
shape, Feb.
Pot, Feb., March.
to
winter.
Temp., March
Water
moderately in
freely in summer,
stem60".
55= to
Propagate by
Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March
rooting firm shoots in Feb., March ; suckers at any time.
mtegriA.
SPECSeS CULTIVATED:
inoisa (Bread Fruit
Tree), 50ft., Malaya;
aud
Malaya.
folia (Jack Tree), 50 ft., India
Italian
"
Arum).-" Ord.
Ladies;
Arum
(Cuckoo-pint; Lords
tuberous-rooted
perennials. Grown
Aroidea;.
Hardy or half-hardy
and
flowers
tor their curiously formed
showy red, poisonous
more
CULTURE
Compost,
two
part
their beauty.
Soil, ordinary. Position,parSPECIES:
HARDY
tially
or
spots. Plant, autumn
shady shrubbery borders or grassy
offsets
in autumn.
spring. Increased by
two
SPECIES
OF
HALF-HARDY
: Compost,
CULTURE
parts loam,
sand.
well-drained
" one
Position,
one
part
part decayed manure,
of south
or
at base
border
wall, or pots in a cool greenhouse. Plant
Water
freely whilst growing in pots; keep dry when
pot in autumn.
foliagedies. Protect those outdoors with a covering of leaves in winter.
CULTIVATED:
white,
HAIIDT
SPECIES
A. italioum
(Italian Arum),
creamy
italicum
leaves marbled
with
yellow;
marmoralum,
spring, 12 to 18 in,, S, Europe;
maculatum
(Cuckoo-pint), yellowish green,
spotted purple, 6 in,, Britain.
CULTIVATED;
A,
HALF-HARDT
SPECIES
palarstinum (Syn. A. sanctnm),
and
2 ft,, Syria,
For
other
as
yellow
species formerly known
purple. May,
berries than
CULTURE
Arums
for
OF
shrubby
Dracunculus.
Helicodiceros,
Arisaema,
see
and
lliehardia.
Richardia.
(Bamboo). Ord. Graminese.
furnished
stems
with
slender
with
(Richardiaafricana),
Arum
Lily
Arundinaria
See
"
"
plants
Hardy
Japanese
graceful grassy
foliage.
CliLTURE;
isolated groups
Soil,loam,
or
masses
leaf-mould
lawns
on
"
or
sand.
Position, sheltered,in
shrubberies; not hardy N. of
England,
of roots
in April,
CULTIVATED:
A,
6 to 8 ft,, .Tapan ; aristata, 6 to 10
SPECIES
anoeps,
ft.,
Himalayas:
auricoma
(Syn, A, Fortunei
chrvsantha
aurea), 3 to 4 ft., .Tanan:
faloata
ohrysantha), 3 to 4ft,, Japan;
(Syn, Bambusa
(Syn. Bambusa
falcatat,
7 to 10 ft., Himalayas ; Falooueri, 7 to 8 ft,,Himalayas
2 to 4 ft,, Japan ;
; Fortunei,
Fortunei
variegata, leaves striped with white ; 12 to 18 in. ; Fortunei
leaves
aurea,
striped yellow; Hindsii
(Syn. Bambusa
ereota), 6 to 13ft,, Japan;
japonioa (Syn.
Bambusa
Metake), 10 to 15 ft., Japan;
Laydeokeri
(Syn. Bambusa
Laydeokeri),
3
ft,, Japan;
Bambusa
ArundO
palmata),
(Heed-grass),
"
Flowering
"
Ord.
Graminese.
foliage.
grasses.
CULTURE:
Soil, well-drained sandy loam.
in isolated groups
lawns
on
: margins of
Hardy
perennial
orn.
crowns
of roots
Position, moist
water
for
"
tered
shel-
A. Phragmites.
leaves in winter!
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
stems
Top-dress
Cut down
early in Nov.
with
in Nov.. previouslylightlyforking up surface,
decayed manure
surface,
" cover
with
sprinklingof soil. In March, lightlyfork over
Solid
"
neat.
smooth
leave
"
rake
off rough particlesinto alley,
Keep
beds
free
light soils;
top-dressingin
once
month,
appliedat
Liquid
mixed
seaweed
Nov.
May
Sept.;
to
with
above
salt,
common
heavy soils;
for
manure
Peruvian
oz.
or
cow
"
manures
to
guano
square
oz.
to
pig manures
applied as a
yard, applied
yard,
square
applied once
rate
manures
of ammonia
2 oz. to each
J oz. to each
from
horse
Decayed
manures:
for
weeds.
of
manure
of 2
oz.
per
square
2
and
"
superphosphate, 1
yard
in
April
oz.
in
July.
oz.
sulphate
potash,
to each
salt,
gallon of water, applied in June; common
gallonof water, appliedin May and July; nitrate of soda,
gallonof water applied in May, July, " Aug. ; drainings
heap appliedfrequentlyin April to Sept.
2 oz.
oz.
IN
Boxes
Place
in
strong
few
in usual way.
FoBCiNO
Fbames
of manure
Cover
IN
: Prepare hotbed
with 3 in. of lightsoil. Place roots on this and
to depth of 5 in.
cover
Keep soil moist " frame closed until shoots appear, when admit a little
air.
Temp., 60" to 75"- Boots of no use after forcing.
Peopagation
Edible
Asparagus.
Propagate by seeds
in
four
of
three
holes
in.
1
or
deep " 15 in. apart
groups
in rows
advised
formed
for planting; or in drills 1 in. deep " 12 in.
as
or
apart in ordinary soil both in March
April. Thin seedlingsraised
in
the
method
to
first
each
one
by
group in May; those by the second
to a foot apart when
method
3 in. high.
Transplant latter into permanent
beds
when
three years
two
old.
or
Seedlings ready to cut
fourth year after sowing. Seeds take 20 days to germinate. A quarterpint of seed will sow a row 50 ft. long. Five pounds of seed required
op
"
in
sown
"
to
sow
an
Maeket
acre,
or
Culture
yield14,000 plants.
Edible
Asparagus
:
Soil, rich loam
or
sandy
trenched.
Manures:
40
tons
of farmyard
and 3 cwt. of kainit per acre
manure
applied in autumn.
Apply
annually in April 2 cwt. of nitrate of soda or 1 cwt. Peruvian
guano
to established
beds; or 40 bushels of soot per acre
per acre
appliedin
of soda
March.
Nitrate
seeds in drills 2 in.
preferable to salt. Sow
deep and 12 in. apart in March.
or
Following March
April dig out
10 in. deep and
trenches
4 ft. apart, plantseedling crowns
2 ft. apart
in these, and
with
2 in. of soil.
Leave
cover
remainder
of trench
unfilled.
Horse-hoe
land
between
will
frequently; the trenches
off foliagein autumn.
In autumn
gradually fill up. Mow
of second
Third
acre.
apply 20 tons of manure
to
year
commence
per
year
off just beneath
Break, not cut, them
gather the shoots.
surface.
Gather
when
6 to 7 in. long. Grade
into -sizes,
" marl-et in bundles
and 7 in. long. Average yield per acre, 3 to 10 cwt.,
4 in. in diameter
200 to 600 bundles
of 100 shoots.
or
Quantity of seed to sow an acre,
6 lb. ; plants or
crowns,
14,000. Prices for forced, 2s. 6d. to 10s.
door.
out-
loam,
or
deeply ploughed
or
bundle,
33
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
GREENHOTJSE
SPECIES:
A. tethiopious, 10 ft., S. Africa; medeolioideB
(Syn.
Myrsiphyllam
Medoola
or
6 to 10 ft.,
called
Smilax,"
asparagoides), commonly
S. Africa; plumosua, 4 to 10 ft., S. Africa, and its varieties,nanus
and
tennissimns;
soandens, S. Africa; Sprengeri, 1 to 3 ft.. Natal; verticillatus,
10 ft., S. Africa.
HAEDT
SPECIES:
A.
Bronssonettii, 10 ft., red
berried, Canary
Islands;
of"oinalis
(Edible Asparagus), Europe.
Aspen
(Populus tremula). See Populus.
"
"
Asperula
herbaceous
OTJLTUllE:
rockeries or
the shade
of trees or
Soil, light,rich. Position under
in open
borders.
Plant, Oct., Nov.
Propagate perennial
speciesby division of roots in March ; perennials" annuals by seeds
in April
sown
J in. deep in open border
PERENNIAL
A.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
arcadiensis, pink, April, 3 in.,
Greece; cyananohica
(Squinancy-wort), white, June, 9 in., Europe
(Britain);
odorata
(Sweet Woodruff), May, 6 in., Europe (Britain).
.
ANNUAL
SPECIES
10 in., Syria.
A.
CULTIVATED:
blue, summer,
azurea,
fragrant,
to
Asphodel
(Asphodelus lutens). See Asphodelus.
Ord.
Liliaceas.
baceous
Asphodeline
(Yellow Asphodel
Hardy her1596.
perennials. First introduced
CTJLTtlBE
Position, open or shady borders.
: Soil, ordinary, rich.
Plant, Oct. or March.
Propagate by division of i-oots,Oct. or March.
"
"
CULTITATED:
SPECIES
and
seeds
cold
in
sown
SPECIES
frame
in
March.
white. May,
CULTIVATED:
2
ft., Europe;
A.
ramosus,
white.
May,
12
to
to
"
"
ferns.
Ht., 1 to 3 ft.
AND
GEEENHOUSE
SPECIES:
CULTUEE
OF
STOVE
Compost,
two
Pot, March.
parts peat, one part loam, silver sand, " charcoal.
from
Shade
Water
sun.
moderately in winter.
freely in summer,
70"
60"
70"
March
to
March
to
to
stove
for
Sept.
Sept.
;
Temp,
species,
50" to 55", March
to Sept. 55"
to 80"; greenhouse, Sept. to March
in sandy peat at any time ; division
to 65".
Propagate by spores sown
greenhouse,
"
hardy
in March.
SPECIES:
CULTUEE
OF HAEDT
Compost, equal parts loam, peat,
silver sand.
" coarse
leaf-mould
Position, shady or partiallyshady
freely in dry weather.
Propagite
spots. Plant in April. Water
io cold frame.
in April,also by spores sown
bv division of crowns
39
enoyolopjEdia
STOVE
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
oardening.
of
A.
amabile,
Jamaica
muoronatum,
India
;
anomalnm,
and
Japan;
Indies
trif oliatnra, West
CULTIVATED
Hope, Tropical
Cape of Good
: A. oapense,
falcatum), Japan, Cliina, etc. ; falcatum
(Syn. Cyrtomium
; f rondosnm,
caryotideum,
]?ortunei, Japan ; f alcinellum, Madeira
Japan ; falcatum
lipidicaulon, Japan;
Staudishii), Japan;
l^adeira; laserpitiifolium
(Syn. Lastrea
Zealand,
pu'ngens. Cape Colony; triangularum ilicifolium,N. India; vestitum. New
l"Uili, etc.
GUEBNHOUSE
America,
-HARDT
SPECIES
etc. ;
falcatum
SPECIES
A.
CULTIVATED:
tichoides),N. America,
and
its varieties
acrostiohoides
grandiceps
and
(Syn. Polysticlium
iucisum;
aculeatnm
acros-
(Syn.
Polysticlium aculeatum), the Prickly Shield Fern, Britain, etc., and its ^rieties,
prbliferum
setosum, etc. ; Lonchitis
angulare (Soft Shield Fern), lobatum,
(Syn.
^tjlystichum Lonchitis), the Holly Fern, Britain, etc. ; munitum
(Syn. Polystichum
of varieties.
See hardy fern
opccialists'lists for names
munitum), N. America.
Bird's-nest
Fern;
Asplenium
Fern; Wall(Spleenwort; Lady
rue
Fern; Scale Fern, etc.) Ord. Filices. Stove greenhouse " hardy
ferns.
Ht. 6 in. to 4 ft.
CULTTJEE
OF
AND
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
STOVE
:
Compost,
" sand.
Water
Pot, March.
equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould
freely
in summer,
Stove
to
March
moderately in winter.
S
ept.
species,
Temp.,
60" to 70", March
to Sept. 70" to 80"; greenhouse, Sept.to March
50"
to 55"; March
to Sept. 55" to 65"in
sown
by
Propagate
sandy
spores
peat at any time.
CULTURE
OF HARDY
SPECIES."
Compost, equal parts peat, loam,
rubbish.
leaf-mould, sand " old mortar
Position, old walls for Scale,
Wallrue
" Maidenhair
Spleenworts; moist, shady borders for Ljidy
Fern
for other kinds.
Plant in April. Increased
; rockeries
by spores
when
ripe " division in April.
"
STOVE
SPECIES
A.
CULTIVATED:
N.S.
attenuatum,
Wales, etc.; Baptistii,
Islands; Belangeri, Java, Borneo, etc.; caudatum, India, Brazil, etc.;
Trop. America
Java, etc. ; lunulatum. Tropics ; Nidus
; longissimum,
{Bird's-nest Fern), Tropics; and
its Tarieties, australasioum
and
mussefolium;
New
obtusilobum.
rutiefolium
Hebrides;
S.
prolongatum,
India;
Tiviparum,
S. Sea
f ormosum,
Mauritius.
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
and
Fabianum
Zealand
bulbiterum. New
tralia,
and AusColensoi, New
Zealand;
dimorphum,
Norfolk
Island ; ebenum,
Cape Colony ; flaccidum, Australia, etc. ; Goringianum
piotum
(Syn. Athyrium
Goringianum
tricolor), Japan, hardy in warm
districts;
Hemionitis
(Syn. A. palmatum),
Madeira;
obtusatum
incisum, Japan;
Inoidum
(Syn. A. luoidum). New
Zealand; monanthemum.
Temperate
Zone, prtemorsum
West
Indies, etc.; Sandersonii, Natal.
HARDY
SPECIES
A. Adiantum
CULTIVATED:
nigrum (Black Maiden-hair
Spleenwort
"French
Fern"
of the markets), Northern
or
and
Southern
Temperate Zones,
including Britain; Ceteraoh
(Syn. Ceteroch
the Scale Fern, a British
oilicinarium),
ahd
Filix-foemina
species;
European
(Syn.
Athyrium
Filix-fcemina), -the
and
Lady
Pern,
its
Britain,
numerous
varieties
Frizelli:p
as
mstatnm,
plumosum,
Victoriie, etc.; fontanum
(Rock
Spleenwort), Britain
marinum
Europe;
(Sea
Spleenwort), Europe,
Britain:
man
(Gergermanicum
Spleenwort), Europe, Britain; lanoeolatum, Europe, Britain; Ruta-muraria
(Wall-ruo Fern), Britain;
septrionalo (Forked Spleenwort), Britain; Trichomanes
(Maidenhair
Spleenwort), Europe, Britain;
thelypteroides (Syn. Athyrium
thelypterioides, N. America; virido
(Green Spleenwort), Europe, Britain.
varietal
Many
forms
of the foregoing species will be found
in lists in works
British
on
ferns
Aster
(Starwort; Michaelmas
Daisy; Perennial
Aster)."Ord.
and
its varieties
A.
laxum;
perennials,floweringfreelyin autumn
and yielding an abundance
of flowers for cutting.
CULTURE:
Soil, gfoodordinary. Position,
borders or wild
sunny
gardens for tall species; rockeries for dwarf
Plant in Oct
ones.
or
spring. Lift, divide, " replant every third year.
Propagate by seeds
heat or in a cold frame
sown
in
in spring; cuttingsof
shoots in
young
heat or cold frame
in spring or summer
of roots 'inautumn
; division
See Callistephus
or
for China
Aster.
spring.
40
MNGYCLOFMBIA
OF
GARDENING.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A. aoris, lilao-purple,Aug., 3 ft., S. Europe;
alpinuff,
pnrpie, July. 6 in., Europe; Amellue
(Italian Starwort), purple, Aug., 2 ft.. Europe,
and its variety bossarabious ; BolUdiastrum, white, July, 1 ft., Europe;
cordifolius,
mauve,
July, 2 ft., N. America;
and
its
dllflsbus, white, Oct., 2 ft., jN. America,
variety horizontalis ; dumosas, mauve,
Oct., 18 in., N. America;
erfboides, white,
Oct., 2 to 3 ft., N. America;
grandiflorus, violet, Nov. 2 to 3 ft., 'Vfrginia; Isevis,
blue, .Sept., 2 ft., N. America;
Linosyris (Syn. Glirysocoma Linosyrra), the Cioldilocks, yellow, Aug., 1 ft., Europe;
Kovse-AngliK, purple, Sept., 5 to 6 ft., N.
and its numerous
America,
varieties; ^ovi-Belgii, blue, Sept., 4 ft,. North America,
and its numerous
forms;
ptarmicoides, white, Aug., 18 in., W. America;
puniceus,
blue, Sept.. 6 ft., N. America;
TradesStates;
Shortii, blush, 3 ft., Sept., United
cantea, white,
Oct., 4 ft. (True Michaelmas
turbinellus,
Daisy), N. America;
Aug., 3 ft., N. America;
mauve,
versicolor, pink and
white, Sept., 3 ft., N.
America;
Scores
of varieties
of many
vimineus, white, Sept., 3 ft., N. America.
of the foregoing species will be found
in trade
lists.
Astiibe
ceous
(False Goat's-beard). Ord. Saxifragaceae. Hardy herbaand
for
for
Used
also
flowering
shrubby perennials.
forcing
early in greenhouses.
CULTURE
ders,
OUTDOORS;
Soil, loamy. Position, moist, shady bor"
margins
plenty of water
CULTURE
rockery
seeds
kinds
"
herbs.
Evergreen
1570.
Introduced
Levant.
America,
"
Leguminosae.
deciduous.
Hardy
nial
peren-
Siberia, Persia, N.
for
border
Position, open
tall, "
Soil, ordinary.
March.
dwarf
Propagate by
species. Plant, Oct., Nov.,
shrubby
Jin. deep in light Soil in cold frame in March;
:
for
sown
by cuttings
autumn
Ord.
(Milk Vetch).
Astragalus
or
shrubby
in
cold
frame
in
summer;
division
of
roots
in
spring.
or
(Master Wort).
Astrantia
perennials. First
CULTURE
woodland
sandy
loam
SPECIES
introduced
"
Ord.
Umbelliferae.
Hardy
herbaceous
1596.
or
margins
Soil, ordinary. Position, shady borders
March.
walks.
Plant, Oct. or
Propagate by seeds sown
:
in cold
frame
CULTIVATED:
1 ft., E.
niolica, white, May,
major, 2 ft., Europe.
of
in
A.
41
BNOtCLOPMDIA
Athyrium.
"
See
OABDMNINO.
OF
Aspidium.
A.
Hardy annuals.
Chenopodiaceje.
stitute
subhortensis (Oracne, or Mountain
Spinach) occasionally grown as a
for Spinach. A. hortensis
rubra
(Eed Orache) used for border
Atriplex
Ord.
^Orache).
"
decoration.
ORACHE
Sow seeds at intervals of a
OF
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary.
few
March
onwards
weeks
from
in drills an
inch deep " 2 ft. apart.
When
to 18 in. apart. Gather
seedlings are 3 in. high, thin them
youngest
and
most
succulent
for
leaves
cooking
as
required.
CULTURE
EED
OF
ORACHE:
Position, sunny
Soil, ordinary.
in wild garden. Sow
where
borders
seeds broadcast
required to grow
in March
seeds.
or
April. Usually reproduces itself freely from
CULTIVATED:
3 to
5 ft., Tartary;
SPECIES
A.
hortensis, green,
summer,
liortensis rubra, foliage red.
Auberg^ine
(Solauum melongana). See Solanum.
Aubrietia
ing
(Purple Rock-cress). Ord. Cruciferae.
Hardy trail1710.
perennial. Evergreen. First introduced
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
rockery or border.
Oct.
in
dibbled
in shady border
or
Plant,
spring.Propagate by slips
in shady border
June, transplanting them
in Nov. ; seeds sown
in April.
This plant may
be grown
old walls if seeds are
in mossy
on
sown
chinks in March;
useful for edgings to borders
" for spring bedding.
in closely after
flowering.
Stragglyplants best trimmed
SPBCIBS
CULTIVATED;
A.
deltoidea, purple, spring, 3 to 3 ins., 8. Europe.
The" following are
varieties of the foregoing species : Bougainvillea, Tiolet-purpfe
;
Campbellii, violet; grseca, purple; Eyroi, violet-purple; grandiflora, purple; Leitchlinii,red ; Leitchlinii rosea, rose ; purpurea,
purple ; and violaoea, violet- purple.
Aucuba
Cornaceae.
fSpotted Laurel; Variegated Laurel)."Ord.
Orn. foliage. First introduced
Hardy everfrreeu shrub.
1783.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, open or in shade; grand town
shrub.
Plant, Oct., Nov., April. Propagate by seeds sown
J in. deep
in cold frame
in Oct. ; cuttings inserted in sandy soil in sheltered
cold
border
frame
in Sept., Oct., Nov.
or
Female
aucubus
bear red
berries freely iu winter
if a male
plant be planted close to them, or
if a, branch
of male
blossom
be placed on female
plant when in bloom.
Aucubas
useful forpot culture in cool greenhouses or windows
in winter
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
A. japonioa, 6 to 10 ft., Japan;
and its varieties, albovariegata, aurea, fruoto-alba, limbata, maculata, vera
viridis
etc
nana,
Auricula
(Primula auricula). See Primula.
Australian
Bee-flower
See Ken(Kenuedya
"
"
"
coccinea).
"
nedya.
Australian
Blue-bell
Creeper
See
(Sollyaheterophylla)."
SoUya.
Australian
Australian
Australian
Currant
Everlasting:."
"
Ptychosperma.
Australian
Flea-bane
(Erigeron
mucronatus).
See
"
Erigpron.
Australian
Australian
authes.
Australian
Australian
~
Australian
Australian
Fuclisia
Giant
Heath."
"
See Correa.
Lily
See
(Doryauthes excelsa)."See
Dorv-
Epacris.
Honeysuckle"
See Banksia.
Hop
(Daviesia alta)."See Daviesia.
Ivy (Muhlenbeckia adpressa)."
See MuhlenbecHa.
42
""
MNOTCLOPMDIA
Australian
OF
Lllac.-See
GARDENING.
Hardentergia.
3errulata).-See Boronia.
Aultralit"miJXf^"**?"(2""^""'^
(Cephalotus follicularia
CephaTotu?P'tcher-plant
Sofia
"*'"^""*"
Austrian
^''""
''"''"
(^io^sonia antarGtica).-SeeDick-
Briar
Dor"foum.^"
Austrian
Autumn
Catch-fly
Autumn
Crocus
Pine
(Silene Schaft4).-See
Silene.
flowering
orn.
Awns
animated.
CULTUEE
^^iSSH^'^^^
Sow
seeds
outdoors
in
OULTlfATED:.
more
April in ordinarysoil
Avens.
Avocado
less
in borders
A. aterilis,2
See the genus
Geum.
Pear
See Persea.
(Persea gratissima)."
Rose
Ayrshire
(Rosa arvenis)."See Eosa..
Azalea.
See Rhododendron
" Loiseluria.
Azara.
Ord.
Bixineaj.
shrub.
Orn.
Hardy evergreen
First
introduced
1873.
Flowers
unattractive
but
very
Foliage,dark green, finelydivided, drooping, graceful.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, against south
SPECIES
or
"
"
"
foliage.
fragrant.
wall;
warm
by
or
in
Propagate
SPBOIES
CULTIVATED:
A.
dentata, yellow, Jane, 10 to 12 ft.. ChiliGilliesii,yellow. May, 12 to 15 ft..Chili; microphylla, greenish-white.May, 10 to
12 ft., berries orange-red, Chili.
Ord.
Azolla.
Ehizocarpese. Hardy floatingaquatic perennials
with delicate fern-like foliage.
CULTURE:
Grow
in shallow
ponds or in indoor aquaria. Eequires
soil, merely to float on
slirface of water.
no
Increased by division
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: A.
oaroliniana, Carolina.
Azorean
Forg^et-me-not
See Myosotis.
(Myosotisassorica).Azorean
Thyme
See Thymus.
(Thymus azoricus)."
Babiana
Iridaceae.
(Baboon-root). Ord.
Half-hardy bulbous
1752.
Flowers
plants. Nat. Cape of Good
Hope. First introduced
"
"
fragrant.
CULTURE:
OUTDOOR
Soil, light sandy. Position, sunny, welldrained
border.
Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing bulbs 4 in. deep and
2 in. apart. Lift and
replant bulbs annually.
INDOOR
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts sandy soil " one
part
leaf-mould
Pots, 4^ in. in diameter, well
manure.
or
decayed cow
drained.
Place five bulbs 3 in. deep in each pot in Nov., " cover
pots
until growth
with
cocoanut-fibre refuse
begins. Water
moderately
until flowers fade, then gradually withtime bulbs begin to grow
from
hold
bulbs
from
dry
Sept. to Jan.
it, keeping
Temp., Sept. to Feb.
40" to 50"; other times 50" to 60"
Propagate by offsets,treated as
for
g,dvised
bulbs.
43
ENOYCL0P.EDIA
GARDENING.
OF
B.
CULTIVATED:
disticha, bliio, June, 6 in.; plioata, blue, June,
and
blue, May, 6 to 8 in.
in.; ringens, scarlet, June, 6 to S in.; stricta, white
lists.
There
also a number
of pretty Tarioties mentioned
in trade
are
SPECIES
Babylonian
Centaury
babylonica).
(Centaurea
"
Cen-
See
taurea.
Bachelor's
Button.
See Sileue " Banuuculus.
Bactrjs
Palm;
Tobago
Cane;. Ord. Palmaoese,
(Marajah
Ht. 20 to 50 ft.
1825.
palms. Orn. foliage. First introduced
"
Stove
"
" sand.
OULTUEE
Pot,
:
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould
Water
Feb., March.
moderately Sept. to March, freely afterwards.
60" to
Position, shady " moist in summer.
Temp., Sept. to March
to Sept. 70" to 80".
70"; March
removing
plants
by
Propagate
young
in March, " placing these in small pots ; also by
from
base of old one
seeds,
SPECIES
Guiana.
CULTIYATED:
Bseria.
CULTURE
seeds sown
SPECIES
B.
1835.
Ord. Compositae. Hardy annual.
First introduced
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
border.
Propagate by
^ in. deep in April where
plants are to flower.
OULTITATED
: B.
ohrysostoma, yellow. May, 8 to 12 in., California.
(Woolly Bahia). Ord. Compositae. Hardy perennialherb.
:
"
Soil,
ordinary. Position,
April. Propagate by
old
Brazil; pallidispina,
"
Bahia
Leaves
grey.
CULTUKE
of
oaryotasfolia,Brazil; Maraja,
plants
SPECIES
America.
seeds
border.
sunny
in
outdoors
deep
Plant,
April or
Oct.
to
division
in March.
CULTIVATED:
B.
Cypress
Baldmoney
Balearic
(Taxodium distichum).
Bald
"
(Meum
Box
Balm
Balm
Balsam.
Balsam
Balsam
Balsam
I in.
sown
12
to
in., N.
18
Taxodium.
"
Tree
"
"
See
See Meum.
athamanticum).
See
(Buxus balearica)."
(Melissa officinalis).
of
Aug.,
to
Buxus.
Melissa.
See
See Cedronclla.
triphylla)."
Gilead
(Cedronella
See Impatiens.
balsamineaV
See Momordica.
(Momordica
Apple
(Abies bal.samea). Sfee Abies.
Poplar
(Populus balsamifera). See Populus.
Balsam-scented
Geranium
(Pelargonium radula).
"
Fir
"
"
See
"
Pelargonium.
Bamboo."
See Bambusa,
Arundinaria
" Phyllostachys.
Bambusa
Ord.
Gramiueae.
(Bamboo).
Hardy evergreen
plants
with slender, graceful stems
and
duced
elegant grassy foliage. First intro1730.
Grown
in groups
in the garden, also in pots or tubs for
greenhouse decoration.
CULTURE;
OUTDOOR
Soil, deep, rich loam.
Position,
warm,
sheltered
nook
dell in garden.
Plant
or
Protect
in
May or June.
winter
with covering of leaves at base.
Mulch
with
in
cow
manure
freely in dry weather.
spring. Water
CULTURE:
INDOOR
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould
"
"
sand.
nana,
Arundinaria
Banana
Baneberry
and
to
in
sown
ft. ;
B.
sandy soil
arundinaoea,
3
marmoroa,
for
summer,
spring; division
Phyllostachys
(Musa
in cool
freely
:
tubs
spring "
SP|;CIESCULTIVATED
or
or
to
in heat
in
10
April
to
50
or
ft.
aurea
ft. ; tessellata, 3
species of Bamboos.
other
sapientum).
See Musa.
(Actseaspioata). See Actsea.
"
"
44
to
'to4
10 ft
tich^
disft. See'also
"
in
offsets
in the
removed
SPECIES
as
Soilla
occasionally in
Water
summer.
"
autumn,
Propagate by
weather.
time.
at same
dry
very
replant
soilloides,blue, autumn,
B.
CULTI7ATED:
GARDENING.
OF
ENOTOLOP^DIA
in., Cmna.
Also
chinensis.
-v
,.
c"
Barrelieri)."bee
(Campanula
Bellfiower
Barrelier's
See
Barren
Strawberry
(Waldsteinia fragarioides)."
steinia.
See Epimedium.
Barren-vwort.
J a.
See Mentzelia.
Bart
on
Barton's
Flovwer
(Mentzeliaaurea). See Mentzelia.
",
Known
.^
/-"
panula
Cam-
Wa,ld-
"
"
"
Basil.
Basil
Basket
"
See
Ocimum.
Thyme
Basket
Bastard
Bastard
Bastard
Bastard
Bastard
Batatas.
"
Fern
Fuchsia
"
"
(Ageratum mexicanum).
Agrimony
Balm
Cedar
(Cedrelasinensis).See
"
Indigo.
See
"
Jasmine.
See Ageratum.
Melittis.
Cedrela.
Amorpha.
See
"
Oestrum.
Ipomeea.
See
"
"
(Melittismelissophyllum).See
"
Batemannia.
"
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
orchids.
Evergreen.
introduced
1834.
CULTUEE;
Compost, equal parts fibry peat " sphagnum moss.
Water
Eepot, March.
Position, shallow basket or on blocks of wood.
week
other
times.
three
times
Temp.,
a
weekly April to Aug. ; once
55" to 65"; March
to Sept. 75" to 85".
Propagate by
Sept. to March
division of old plants at potting time.
B. CoUeyi, purple and green,
SPECIES
CULTITATED
Aug., 6 to 8 in., British
;
First
Guiana.
Bat
WIIIOVNf
Bauhinia.
Shy
(Salix
alba
caerulea).
"
See
Salix.
green.
EverOrd.
Legumin'osae.
flowering shrubs.
1690.
of
v-alue.
First
introduced
bloomers
no
great
Pot
: Compost,
equal parts peat " loam, one-sixth sand.
Stove
"
CULTURE
Water
moist
in summer.
Position, light, sunny,
firmly in March.
March
to
to Sept.,moderately other times.
Temp., Sept.
freely March
60" to 70"; March
to Sept. 70" to 80".
Propaarateby cuttings inserted
in temp. 75" in July.
in well-drained
nots of sandy peat under
bell-glass
CULTIVATED:
B. (Jalpinii,-white, July, 6 ft., S. Africa; grandiflora,
SPECIES
white, July, 6 ft., Peru; natalensis, white, Sept., Natal.
Plant
Bayonet
(Aciphyllasquarrosa). See Aeiphylla.
Bay-tree
(Laurus nobilis).^See Laurus.
Bead-tree
(Melia Azedarach). Sec Melia.
Beal's
Barberry
(Berberis Beali)."See Berberis.
Tree
Beam
(Pyrus Aria). See Pyrus.
Bean
Tree
(Ceratoniasiliqua). See Ceratonia.
See Fentstemon.
Beard
Tongue.
Grass
Bear
(Camassia esculentea). See Camassia.
Bear'S-breech
(Acanthus mollis). See Acanthus.
Ear
Bear's
(Primula auricula). See Primula.
Bear's
Foot.
See Acanthus.
Fern
OOt
Bear's-f
(DavalliaTyermannia)." See Davallia.
Pavw
Fern
Bear's
See Poly(Polypodium meyenianum).
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
podium.
Beaucarnea.
"
Ord.
Liliaceae.
46
Greenhouse
ornamental-leaved
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OV
GARDENING.
Compost,
Leaves, long,
1845.
narrow,
two
to
Feb.
other
65".
March.
or
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: B.
glanoa, loaves
broader
tlian those
Mexico.
glaucous
Natives
of
Beaufortia
flowering shrubs.
Australia.
CULTTJHE
sixth sand.
Greenhouse
Natives
of
Myrtaceae.
"
Evergreen.
milky-wMte, 3 to 5 ft. ;
species: recurvata, leaves
or
tlie
introduced
1803.
well.
of
Pot
Water
March
Sept. to
shoots
cuttings of firm
inserted
sandy
in
soil in
temp.
55" to 65"
in
summer.
SPECIES
June, 3
CULTIVATED:
ft. ; purpurea,
Beaumontia
Stove climber.
CULTUBE:
B.
docussata, scarlet, May, 3 ft.; oarinata, scarlet,
purple, July, 2 to 3 ft. ; sparsa,
red, June, 2 to 3 ft.
Ord.
(Nepaul Trumpet-flower).
"
Nat.
E. Indies.
First
introduced
or
border,
well
drained.
Apocynacese.
1820.
"
loam
one-sixth
sand.
Pot
Shoots to climb roof.
wards.
Water
plant, March.
abundantly May to Aug., moderately after60" to 70"; March
70" to 80".
to Sejjt.
Temp., Sept.to March
Propagate by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in temp. 75" in March.
or
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
B.
15
to
20
ft.
"
"
"
"
Beet.
Bee-tree
See
"
Begonia."
tuberous-rooted
Beta.
(Tiliaheterophylla).^SeeTilia.
Ord.
greenhouse fibrous
Begoniaceae. Warm
" flowering.
perennials. Ornamental-leaved
and
TYPE.
TTJBEEOTJS-EOOTED
OP
Compost, equal
" one
leaf-mould
part of equal proportionsof dried cow
March
in Feb. or
to grow
tubers
silver sand.
Start
"
by
manure
70".
When
placingthem in leaf-mould in shallow boxes in temp. 65" to
transfer to large ones.
Water
rooted plant in small pots " afterwards
Feed
with weak
liquidmanure
moderately at first,fully afterwards.
CULTTJEE
"
parts loam
"
After
from
Shade
sun.
floweringgradually
their sides in
till Feb.
Store in pots on
tubers
in March,
culture start
For outdoor
temp. 50" to 55" in winter.
and when
rooting begins transplant into boxes, grow in heat till May,
Lift tubers
in rich soil in partialshade.
then plant out early in June
for pot
advised
store
to ripen off, then
as
in Sept.,place in boxes
surface
of fine sandy compost in
on
tubers.
Propagate by seeds sown
temp. 65" to 75" in Feb. and grow seedlingson as advised for tubers ;
shoots in spring.
also by cuttingsof young
SPECIES:
FIBEOTJS-EOOTED
as
OP
CULTTJEE
Compost, same
when
growth is
withhold water
advised
for
active.
"
keep dry
tuberous-rooted
species. Sow
47
seeds in Jan.
or
Feb, in
ENCYCLOPEDIA
65"
temp, of
spring.
Shade
end
from
of
loam
65".
weak
Fresh
stock
similar temp, in
small " then
cuttings on
moderately.
Syringe daily.
Water
when
liquid
May be planted
reared
annually
manure
best
first in
rooted
flower.
in
in
cuttings in pots
or
to
Apply
when
flowers
tilate
Ven-
form.
in beds
seed
from
in
out
or
garden
cuttings.
SPECIES:
Compost, two
of equal proportionsof leaf-mould, dried cow
manure,
WINTER-FLOWEEING
CULTUEE-OF
parts
55"
temp.
sun.
freely
May.
insert
or
seedlings
the
in
larger pots
75",
to
Grow
GARDENING.
OF
"
one
"
CULTURE
in
advised
Water
45"
ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED
OF
in
Pot
previous case.
freelyin spring " summer,
55" ;
to
temp. 55"
summer
Increased
in summer.
bv
spring.
moderately
65".
leaf cuttines
to
KINDS:
in
in winter.
with weak
Grow
Feed
in spring or
Compost
as
shady position.
Winter
temp.
liquidmanure
summer.
TUBEEOUS-IIOOTED
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B. b'olivensis,
scarlet, BoliTia;
Bavisii, red, Peru;
Clarkii, rod, Peru; Pearceii, red, Bolivia; roaseflora,rose,
The
the
Peru;
Veitchii, carmine, Peru.
foregroing were
original parents of the
of
double-flowered
tuberous-rooted
jirefient race
single and
begonias grown
in
gardens.
For
names
FIBROUS-ROOTED
of
varieties
SPECIES
of latter
CULTIVATUD:
see
Aug.,
trade
B.
lists.
asootioneis
Froebellii
Africa;
its varieties rosea
in trade
lists.
(hybrid), white,
incomparabilis,
and
rubra,
and
WINTER-FLOWERING
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B. nlbo-coccinca, scarlet
and
coccinoa, scarlet, April, 3 ft,, Braxil ; evansiana,
white, winter, 18 in., India;
pink, Sept., China;
fuchaioides, scarlet, winter, 4 to C ft., Mexico;
incamata,
pink, Sept., 2 ft,, Mexico;
4 ft,, Brazil; manicata, pink,
haagcana, rose, autumn,
April,3 ft,, Mexico; nitida, pink. Sept,, 18 in,, .Jamaica; soeotrana, rose, Nov,,
1 ft,, Socotra;
18
in, (hybrid), and
weltoniensis,
pink, Dec,
other
numerous
de Lorraine,
Gloire
etc,
hybrids and varieties
as
ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED
Himalayas, and a
Belamacanda
bulbous plant.
OUTDOOR
well-drained
2
in. apart.
March
with
number
of
SPECIES
varieties
CULTIVATED:
to be found
B.
trade
in
Hex,
native
of
the
lists,
Ord.
Iridaceae.
(Leopard-flower)."
Half-hardj
First introduced
182.3.
CULTURE:
Soil, light, rich, sandy. Position, sunny,
border.
Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing tubers 4 in, deep "
Lift " replant tubers annually. Mulch
surface of bed in
cow
manure.
POT
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts sandv
loam, one
part leafinould or decayed cow
manure.
Pots, 4^ in. in diameter, well drained.
Place five tubers 3 in. deep in each pot in Nov., "
with cocoanutcover
fibre refuse in cold frame
under
cool greenhouse
or
stage until growth
Water
begins
time
moderately from
growth
begins until flowers
fade, then
gradually cease,
keeping dry
Temo
Sent
tn
^ till Jan.
March.40"to 50"; otliertimes 50"
Propagate by
j
advised
for tubers.
as
tol30".
Xetstreated
""
^^
Lily
Bellflower."
Bell
Heather
See
---)"
fellow
(Amaryllis belladonna),_SeeAmaryllis
'uiiyms.
Campanula.
(Erica tetralix),"See Erica.
43
and
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Bellidastruni
Bel
lis
herbaceous
See
(Daisy;
Hen
"
OF
GARDENING.
Aster.
Chickens
Daisy). Ord. Compositae. Hardy
varieties
Double-flowered
only cultivated
"
perennials.
Neat
" pretty spring-flowering
plants.
CULTCJEE:
Soil, ordinary. Position,
or
shady. Plant, Oct.
sunny
March.
or
sions
Propagate by division of old plant in June^ inserting divi3 in. apart in shady border
boxes
of
in.
seeds
m
light
sown
deep
;
J
soil in cold frame
in March,
transplanting seedlings in open border
in July.
SPECIES
Native
of
CULTIVATED
B.
perennis
flore-pleno, and
its
yarietitib.
numerous
Britain, etc.
Belljsle
Belllum
Cress
annuals
"
"
CULTIVATED
white, July, 3 in., Mediterranean
: B. bellidioides,
Begion,
crassifolium, yellow, June, 6 in., Sardinia, perennial; minutum,
white,
Aug., 3 in., Greece, perennial.
Bellvtfort."
", Codonopsis.
See TJvularia
Stove
Ord.
Acanthaceae.
Beloperone.
flowering shrubs.
Brazil.
First introduced
1832.
Evergreen. Nat. New
Grenada,
CULTUE.E:
" sand.
Pot,
Compost, equal parts leaf -mould, loam
March,
Temp., Sept. to
moderately firm. Position, shady, moist.
March
60" to 70"; March
Water
to Sept. 70" to 80"freely May to
Remove
Sept.,moderately afterwards.
points of shoots occasionally
in summer
to induce
dwarf
growth. Propagate by cuttings inserted
singly in small pots of light sandy soil in temp. 75" in Feb., March,
annual;
"
April.
or
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B. atropurpurea,purple, Sept., 3 tt., Brazil; ohlonpurple, 3 ft., Aug., Brazil; violacea, violet, Aug., 3 ft., Brazil.
Rose
S'ee Rosa.
Beng'a.l
(Rosa bengalensis).
Bush
Benjamin
(Liudera Benzoin). See Lindera.
Benthamia."
See Cbrnus.
Berberidaceae.
BerberidopsiS
(Ooral-berry).Ord.
Hardy
and
climbing shrub in S. of England; half-hardy only in Midlands
North.
1862.
Evergreen. Flowering. Nat. Chili. First introduced
CULTURE:
Soil, sandy loam.
Position, against south or west wall;
wall shrub
winter
with straw
mats.
Good
for cool
or
protect in severe
greenhouse. Plant, Oct. or April. Prune stragglyshoots only in April.
Propagate by seeds sown
| in. deep in well-drained
pots of sandy soil,
in temp. 55" in March;
shoots
in similar
soil "
cuttings of young
temp. ; layeringof shoots in the open in Sept.,Oct., or Nov.
B. corallina, crimson, summer,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
6 to 10 ft.,Chili.
Ord. Berberidaceae.
Berberis
(Barberry; Jaundice-berry; Jaundice-tree
shrubs.
Hardy flowering " ornamental-leaved
Evergreen
" deciduous.
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts loam, one
part peat " sand for
choice
soil
for
common
ones.
or
Position, sunny
ordinary
species;
pagate
shady. Plant, Sept., Oct., March.
April. No pruning required. Proborder
in Oct. or
1 in. deep in sheltered
Nov. ;
by seeds sown
in
in
soil
in
cold
firm
shoots
frame
of
sandy
cuttings
Sept.; layering
Berries of Common
shoots in Oct.
Barberry (Berberis vulgaris)make
excellent
candy, or pickle. Inner bark forms a yellow dye
preserves,
gata,
rosy
"
"
"
"
for
tanning leather.
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
canadensis,
6 ft.,Himalayas;
vnlgans,
3
Japan;
ft.,
April,
yellow,
Thunbergii,
yellow. May,
ft., Canada;
(Britain),fmit, black, white, purple, or yellow;
yellow, April, ID to 12 ft., Europe
vulgaris foliis purpureia, leaves purple.
aquifolmm), yellow, April,
Si'EOIES:
B. aquifolium (Syn. Mahonia
KVEllGltEEtN
5 to 6 ft., N.
buxifolia, yellow, March, 6 to 8 ft.. Chili; Darwmii,
America;
May, 8 to 10 ft.. Chili; empetrifolia, yellow. May, 2 ft.. Chili; Fortune!,
orange.
ilicifolia,
yellow. May, 3 to 4 ft., China;
glumacea, yellow. May, 1 ft., N. America;
of Magellan;
stenophjlla, yellow. May, 3 ft., hybrid;
yellow, July, 3 ft.. Straits
nepalensis (Syn. B. japonica), yellow
wallichiana, yellow. May, 6 ft., Himalayas;
DEOIDTJOUS
SPECIES:
B.
June,
,.
,,
.,
ft., Kashmir.
Ord. Ehamnaceae.
Hardy and greenhouse
First introduced
Deciduous.
1714.
HARDY
SPECIES:
Position,
CULTURE
OF
Soil, sandy loam.
border.
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
Prune,
against south wall, well-drained
Feb., cutting off soft points of strong shoots " removing weak shoots
altogether. Propagate hardy speciesby cuttings of shoots 6 in. long
in Oct.;
half their depth " 3 in. apart in sheltered
border
inserted
greenhouse speciesby cutting at any time.
OF
GREENHOUSE
CULTURE
SPECIES:
Compost, equal parts
loam
" peat, with a little sand.
Position,pots or beds in cool greenhouse,
shoots trained
Pot or plant in March.
Water
rately
modeup roof.
in winter, freelyat other seasons.
Prune
straggly growths in
autumn.
Temp. 45" to 55" Oct. to March
; 55" to 65" afterwards.
HARDY
CULTIVATED
B. volnbilis,white, July, 10 to 12 ft.. United
SPEOIES
:
(Supple Jack).
Berchemia,
"
climbing
States.
GREENHOUSE
Nepaul
shrubs.
SPECIES
lineata, green,
Bergamot
CULTIVATED
June,
10
B.
to
10
ft.,
ft., China.
Bermuda
Cedar
Bermuda
Bermuda
"
"
Sisyrinohium.
BertOloniai
foliage. First
Ord. Melastomaceae.
Stove trailingplants. Orn.
introduced
sides dark
1850.
Leaves, upper
green,
under
sides
white, purple;'
pink, purple.
CULTURE
" sand.
tion,
Posi: Compost, equal parts peat, leaf -mould,
with
well-drained
covered
in
Pot, Feb.
bell-glass shade.
pans
March.
60" to 70" ; March
to Sept. 75" to
or
Temp., Sejit.to March
85". Water
twice a week
at other times.
or
daily April to Sept., once
Propagate by cuttingsinserted in light soil in pots or pans under bellglassin temp. 75" in spring.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B. hontteana, leaves green
and
carmine, 6 in.; macnlata, leaves
pink and purple, 6 in., marmorata,
leaves
silvery white and purple,
6
in.
Natives
Bessera
plant. First
CULTURE
silver _sand.
Oct. or Nov.
of
"
Brazil.
introduced
Liliaceae.
Half-hardy
bulbous
1850.
plants.
1548.
Leaves, crimson,
green,
or
white.
50
introduced
ENCYCLOPEDIA
CULTURE
OF
GARDENING.
OF
Sow
seeds liin. deep in drills 15 in.
in
June
to Sin. apart in row.
apart
Sandy
May.
seedlings
soil manured
for previous crop best.
Beet
not succeed
must
spinach or
root crops;
follow cabbage tribe, potatoes, onions, beans, or peas.
may
Lift roots in Nov.
" store in cool shed.
for
artificial manure
Suitable
beet:
Common
of soda, IJlb.; superphosphate,
salt, 31b.; nitrate
18
Oct.
to April. Crop takes
for use,
IJ lb. ; saltpetre,1 lb. Season
weeks
from
their
time
Seeds
retain
of sowing till ready for use.
50 ft.
of seed will sow
row
a
vitalityup to 10 years old. Two ounces
in
BEET-EOOT:
Thin
long.
Maeket
CuiiTUHE
Beet:
OP
Soil, etc., as above.
Requires 121b.
bushels.
Cost
400
seed to sow
300
to
an
acre.
acre,
Average yield per
of drillingseed. Is. 6d.; thinning out, 14s.; and
hoeing, 8s. to 10s.
per
acre.
18 in.
SPINACH-BEET
seeds 1* in. deep in rows
: Sow
in.
in
Use
to
9
Thin
in
row.
seedlings
May
apart
April.
for beet-root.
leaves of this only, similar to spinach. Soil " manure
as
BEET
seeds J in. deep in boxes
OP
ORNAMENTAL
CULTURE
: Sow
transfer
of light soil in temp. 60" to 70" in March;
seedlingsto cold
in April " plant in beds in flower garden in May.
frame
SPECIES
B. Cicla (SilverBeet) ; B. -vulgarisparent of edible beetroots ; native
:
of S. Europe.
Betel-nut
Palm
(Areca catechu). See Areca.
CULTURE
apart in
OP
"
Betula,
(Birch-tree; Queen of the Woods).
" shrubs.
Deciduous.
ornamental
trees
Hardy
" bobbins.
fish
casks,
making
veneering purposes;
fish
nets.
tanning
CULTURE
or
: Soil,ordinary. Position, sheltered
"
mountain
Cupuliferae.
used, for
used
for
Bark
exposed in valleys,
Plant, Oct.
the
of
seeds
surface
on
sown
sandy soil on
Propagate by
be
seeds
to
not covered.
in March
borders
in,
simply pressed
;
when
old.
Dwarf
birches
one
propagated
Transplant seedlings
year
of seed
will produce 16,000
One
bushel
by layering shoots in Oct.
25 years
of seeds in
old.
Number
plants. Tree begins to seed when
hills, or
slopes; good
seaside
Ord.
Timber
"
town
trees.
March.
sheltered
to
Average
pound, 800,000.
life, 100
years.
(Common
Birch), 50 to 60
ft., Northern
(CutHemisphere ; alba pendula Tounffii (Weeping Birch) ; alba laciniata pendula
leaved
Birch) ; alba f oliis variegatis (Tariegated Birch) ; alba purpurea
Weeping
(Purple Birch); alba urticsefolia (Nettle-leaved Birch); lenta (Cherry Birch), 60
HDwarf
nana
Birch), 2 to 3 ft., Northern
to
70 ft., N.
America;
Hemisphere;
populifolia (Gray Birch), 20 to
papyrifera (Paper Birch), 60 to 70 ft., N. America;
30
ft., N.
B.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
alba
America.
Bhotan
Bidens
Tree
"
"
Pinus.
Hardy
annual
"
perennial herbs.
CULTURE
or
Soil,
April. Propagate
annuals
seed
by
sown
ordinary.Position,
Jin. deep
transplantingseedlings outdoors
SPECIES
CULTIYATED:
in
May.
yellow, July,
^randiflora,
ft., Mexico,
"
"
or
Compost,
March.
ft., Mexico,
annual;
perennial.
Bisnonia
Greenhouse
1710.
CULTURE
Pot, Feb.
B.
2
border.
Plant, Oct.
sunny
division
of old plants in April;
in sandy soil in temp. 70" in March,
perennialsby
51
Ord.
Bignoniaeese.
Pirst introduced
part peat
for
"
silver
sand.
greenhouse species;
BNOYCLOpMDtA
south
wall
weak
not
must
border
or
for one
deep.
plant "
"
one-third
of strong shoots
Prune
firm.
away
to
Water
shoots
in Feb.
Sept., very
freely April
times.
Shade
must
be
not
given
be
than
more
good drainage
Provide
18 in.
ft. square
soil
Bed
kind.
hardy
for
GAttVMtNG.
OF
" make
of
two-thirds
little at other
Temp, for
to greenhouse kinds.
March
to Oct.
65"
55"
to
to March
;
in well3 in. long, inserted
shoots
greenhouse
Propagate by cuttings of young
drained
pots of sandy soil in teiup. 65"
HARDY
12
to 70" in April.
oapreolata (Cross Vine), scarlet, snmmer,
oapreolata atrosanguinea, red and purple.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
ft., United
B.
States
to 15
;
B.
CULTIVATED
G-EEENHOUSB
SPECIES
:
15 ft., S. America;
tweediana, yellow, summer,
Bilberry
See
(Vaccinium myrtillus).
"
Ord.
introduced
Billberg'ia..
"
Tenusta,
15
Bromeliaceae.
orange,
ft., Buenos
Vaccinium.
20
to
Stove
10
autumn,
to
Ayres.
green.
Ever-
plants.
flowering
Flowering season,
spring.
Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, rough peat, leafGood
Water
mould
" silver sand.
Pot, March.
freely always.
75"
to
to
65"
March
to
essential.
March
Sept.
;
drainage
Temp., Sept.
70" to 80".
Propagate by large-sizedoffshoots inserted singlyin small
pots of sandy peat in temp. 85" in April.
First
CULTURE
1826.
and
B. Bakeri, green
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
violet, 18 in.,Brazil; iridifolia,
18
scarlet, yellow, and
crimson,
in., Brazil;
Lietzei, rosy-pink, 1 ft., Brazil;
1 ft., Brazil; vittata, red and
Moreli, blue, pink, and
violet, 18 in. to 2 ft.,
rose,
Brazil ; zebrina, 1 ft., Brazil,
Bindweed.
See Calystegia.
See Thuya.
Biota."
Birch."
See Betnla.
Bird
Cherry
(Prunus padus)." See Prunus.
of
Bird
Paradise
Fiovwer
(StrelitziaEegince).
Strelitzia.
Bird's
Eye
Maple
(Acer saccharinum). See Acer.
Bird's
Primrose
Eye
(Primula farinosa)." See Primula.
OOt
Fern
Bird'S-f
(Pellsea
Ornithopus)."See Pellaea.
"
See
"
"
Bird's-foot
Bird'S-f
OOt
Bird's-foot
Bird's-nest
Bird'S-nest
Bird's-nest
Birth-wort
Bishop's
Bishop's
Bitter
Stonecrop
(Sedum pulchellum)."See Sedum.
Trefoil
(Lotus corniculatus).See Lotus.
Violet
pedata)." See Yiola.
^Viola
Fern
(Asplenium Nidus). See Asplenium.
Orchis
(NeottiaNidus-avis)."See Neottia.
Trefoil."
See Lotus.
"
"
"
"
See
Prunus.
Bitter
Root
(Lewisiarediviva).-See Lewisia.
Bitter
Vetch
(Lathyrus vernus). See Lathyrus.
Bitter-wort
(Gentiana acaulis). See Gentiana.
Bixia
Stove
green.
Ever(Arnatto). Ord. Bixinese.
flowering tree.
Nat.
Indies.
W.
First introduced
1690.
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " silver sand.
Pot,
March.
Water
to Sept.,moderately other
freely March
times.
60^ to 70"; March
to Sept. 75" to 85".
Temp., Sept. to March
gate
Propaby cuttings of shoots six to 12 months
old, inserted in small pots
to Aug.
of sandy soil in temp. 85", June
SPECliSS CULTIVATED
: B.
orellano, pink, summer.
West
Indies.
See Eubus.
Blackberry,"
"
"
"
"
52
GABDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOPJEDIA
Flowers
appear
of
base
at
pseudo-bulb.
new
pseudo-bufbsafter
flowering.
SPECIES
CULTUEE
OP HARDY
: Compost,
equal parts leaf-mould,
sheltered
loam, " sand.
Position, sunny,
rockery in S. of England
only; in otber
parts in cool greenhouse (winter temp. 40" to 50").
March.
Water
Plant
or
freelywhilst growing. Keep dry when
pot,
at
of
rest.
STOVE
SPECIES
spring, Colombia
HABDT
CTJLTITATED
Terecnnda,
SPECIES
ilapan.
Blood
Berry
Blood
Elder
Blood
Flovwer
Blood
Root
"
"
"
Bloomeria.
introduced
1869.
"
First
CULTUEE
Plant
bulbs
offsets planted
SPECIES
1 ft.
as
CULTIVATED:
directed
B.
for
anrea
bulbs.
(Syn. Nothosoordnm
1 ft.
Natives
of
California.
Blooming:
Blue
Blue
Blue
Sally
(Epilobium angustifolium)."See Epilobium.
Lily (Igapanthus umbellatus)."See Agapanthus.
Alpine
Daisy
(Aster alpinus)."See Aster.
Amaryllis
(Griffinia
hyacinthina)."See Griffinia.
African
Bell
Blue
festalis " Campanula rotundifolia). See Scilla
(Scilla
and
Campanula.
Blue
Cowslip
(Pulmonaria angustifolia).See Pulmonaria.
Blue
Cupidone
(Catananohe caerulea).See Catananche.
Blue
Daisy
(Aster tripolium)."See Aster.
"
"
"
Peacock
Iris (Iris
pavonia)." See Iris.
Blue-flowered
Bindweed
See Ipomsea.
(Ipomseacssrulea)."
Blue-flowered
Fleabane
(Erigeron acris)."See Erigeron.
Blue-flowered
Red-root
See
(Ceanothus azureus).
Ceanothus.
Blue
Gum-tree
(Eucalyptus globulus)."See Eucalyptus.
Blue
Marguerite
See Agathaea.
(Agathsea coelestis)."
Blue
Moonwort
(Soldanellaalpina)." See Soldanella.
Blue
Rock
Bindweed
(Convolvulus mauritauicus)."
See Convolvulus.
Blue-eyed
"
Blue
Spider-wort
See Commelina.
(Commelina coelestis)."
Blue
Spruce
(Picea pungens)." See Picea.
Blue
Tliroat-wort
(Trachelium oseruleum). See Trachelium.
Bluets
(Houstonia cserulea). See Houstonia.
Blumenbachia."
Ord. Loasaceae.
Half-hardyannual " perennial
twiners
" trailers. First
introduced
1826.
CULTUEE:
Soil,ordinary. Position, south bed, border, or wall.
Plant
perennialsin April. Propagate annuals
1-16 in
by seeds sown
deep in shallow boxes of light soil in temp. 65" March, transplanting
seedlingsoutdoors in June ; perennialsby seed as advised for annuals
'
division of roots in April.
or
"
"
SPECIES
OULTIVATED:
B
insignia, white,
lateritia (Syn. Loasa
lateritia
red, May,
,
July, annual, Buenos
Ayres.
Video;
red,
54
ENCYCLOPJSDIA
OF
OAItDBNING.
Blush
See ^schynanthus.
Wort."
Bobartia;
(Bobart's Iris). Ord. Iridaceae.
Half-hardy bulbous
Mt.
1 ft.
introduced
1810.
Hope.
CULTUEE
drained,
on
bed
border
well
or
:
Position, south
or
rookery. Plant bulbs 3 in. deep " 3 in. apart in Oct. Lift bulbs after
flowering,dry " store away till planting time in cool place. Propagate
by offsets planted " treated as large bulbs.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B.
and
flllformis,
aphylla, wliite
purple, summer;
purple, summer;
gladiata, yellow, summer;
spathaoea, yellow, summer.
Bocconia.
(Plume Poppy; Tree CalandineJ. Ord. Papaveracese.
1795.
Hardy herbaceous
perennials. Orn. foliage. I'irst introduced
Leaves, finelycut, greyish.
CULTUEE
Position, open, sunny,
: Soil, rich
loamy, well manured.
flower
sheltered from cold winds.
after
stems
Plant, April. Cut down
"
plants.
C^e
Nat.
of Good
Krst
"
shoots
growing out of
blooming. Propagate by cuttings of young
axils of leaves, inserted
in small pots of sandy soil,temp. 55" under
from
June to Aug. ; by suckers removed
root, placed in pots
bell-glass,
in cool greenhouse
in July. Good
for
culture
in cold frame
plant
pot
leaf-mould
" sand.
window.
two
one
loam,
or
part
Compost,
parts
times.
other
"
March.
Water
Pot,
moderately
freelyspring summer,
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
ocrdata, buff or whitish, July, 6 to 8 ft., China.
: B.
Bog; Arum
(Callapalustris).See Calla.
See Menyanthes.
Bog; Bean
(Menyanthes trifoliata).Vaccinium.
See
Berry
Bog;
(Vaccinium oxycoccus).
"
"
"
Bog;
Bog;
Bog;
Bog;
(Myrica Gale).
Myrtle
"
Pimpernel
Trefoil
Violet
Boltonia
See
"
"
"
Plant, Oct.
SPECIES
First
loam.
N.
introduced
1758.
Position, sunny
shady
or
April.
or
CULTIVATED
violet, 4
Bomarea.
ceous
herba-
"
America.
perennials.
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary moist
deourrens,
Anagallis.
borders.
Myrica.
(Anagallis
tenella). See
ft.
Amaryllidaceae.
Ord.
"
introduced
Firat
Flowering.
CULTURE
equal
: Compost,
Greenhouse
climbing
nials.
peren-
1806.
partspeat,
leaf
-mould, loam,
"
sand.
March.
in
5 to
autumn,
B.
aoutifolia, red, yellow, and green,
:
6 to 8 ft., Colombia;
edulis, crimson, July,
Carderi, rose, autumn,
patacoen"i" (Syn. B. oonferta) carmine-rose, Aug.
6 to 6 ft., Trop.
America;
6 to 8 ft., Colombia.
Bona-Nox
(Ipomaea Bona-nox). See Ipomaea.
tuberous-rooted
Berberidaceas.
Ord.
Hardy
Bong;ardia.
introduced
1740.
First
Nat.
Persia,
perennial. Flowering.
Syria.
well
south
bed
or
border,
Position,
CULTUEE
: Soil, light,sandy.
weather
Protect
in
severe
covering
by
drained.
Oct.
or
April.
Plant,
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
6 ft., Mexico;
"
"
with
handlight
of tubers
temp.
Oct.
55"
SPECIES
Borag;e.
or
or
layer of cinder
April, by seeds sown
thick
or
to 65", in
CULTIVATED
"
See
ashes.
Propagate
in shallow
boxes
March.
:
B.
Borago.
55
6 to
12
in.
by division
of
lightsoil,
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OABDENING.
OF
" perennial
Boraginaceso. Hardy annual
for
used
flavouringclaretspecies(B. officinalis)
Boragro
plants.
Ord.
(Borage).
"
Common
cup and as a bee food.
CULTURE
rockeries, dry banks.
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position,sunny
where
in
March
of
Sow
seeds
common
required to
borage annually
in.
afterwards
apart.
thinning seedlings to 8
Propagate annuals
grow,
of roots
division
biennials
in
"
as
above; perennialsby
by seed sown
April.
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
officinalis
(Common
Borecole.
charcoal.
long
Pot
to
afterwards.
Place
rose,
CULTIVATED:
May, 2 to 3 ft.
June, 2 to 3 ft.
Boss
Fern
Greenhouse
Ord.
Rutacese.
Australia.
First introduced
fibrous
in semi-shady positionoutdoors
June
45" to 50"; March
to Sept. 50" to 60".
shoots inserted in sandy soil, in
young
bell-glass.
elatior, rosy
megastigma,
carmine. May,
and
maroon
yellow,
3 to
"
CULTIVATED:
6
ternatnm,
to
serrulata,
Ord.
Filices.
Deciduous.
in. ;
"
Botrychium
weather
4 ft., hcterophylla,
April, 18
Hardy ferns.
CULTURE
B.
;
"
nlauts
Aug.,
3
directlyafter
to
rose.
Rose;.
Nat. W.
Cut
compost quite firm.
promote bushy growth.
make
1 to
Evergreen.
fragrant.
Compost, two parts
Flowers
CULTURE
"
"
shrubs.
flowering
pounded
laxifloriv,blue,
(AustralianNative
Boronia.
1794.
B.
Borag-e),blue, summer,
See Brassica.
12
B.
in.. New
Luuaria
Zealand;
(Common
roots
Moonwort),
yirginianum,
16
to
13
Position,
peat.
"Water
4
freely in dry
in April.
to
in., Britain;
in.. North
Temperate
Zone.
Bottle
Gourd
Bousainvillea."
Flowering.
Deciduous.
First introduced
Coloured
1829.
bracts chief
floral attraction; flowers small and
unattractive.
CULTURE:
Compost, two-thirds
turfy loam, oue-third
leaf-mould
" sand.
Pot
or
Position : B. glabra in pots with shoots
plant, Feb.
trained
round
wire trellis; B. speciosa in bed 3 ft. wide " 18 in.
deep,
.branches " shoots
shoots
being trained up roof. Prune
of previous
year's growth to within 1 in. of base annually in Feb.
dantly
abunWater
March
Buperba, deep
Bourbon
Bourbon
Bourbon
Boursault
sandy
pots
soil,under
rose;
to
80", March,
B.
frlabra, rose,
summer,
speotabilis, lilac-rose,summer,
April
5
15
rose.
or
May
to
8 ft., BraEil
elabra
ft., Brajil
snectabilis
^
"
"
(Rosa alpina)."See
50
Rosa.
ENGYOLOPJEDIA
Boussingraultia
hardy tuberous-rooted
OF
GARDENING.
First
Chenopodiacese. Half-
introduced
1835.
Flowers
fragrant.
CULTUEE:
Soil, light,sandy. Position, back wall of greenhouse
south wall or fence outdoors
Plant tubers in small
during summer.
in
55"
in
for
outdoors
in June, or in
pots
temp.
March,
transplanting
bed in Feb. for greenhouse culture.
Lift outdoor
tubers in Oct. and
in sand
store
turbed.
during winter; those in greenhouse bed leave undisor
Water
tubercles
in spring
SPECIES
or
freely in
removed
autumn.
CULTIVATED
summer,
none
from
the
stems
serting
in winter.
Propagate by inin sandy soil in temp. 55"
"
B.
Ord.
time.
B. anguatifolia, red, Sept., 2 ft.,Mexico;
fla^a, yellow,
corymbiiiora,
Humboldtii, white, winter, 2 to 3 ft.,Humboldtii
white;
triphylla, scarlet, winter,
jasminifiora, white, winter, 2 ft., S. America;
2 ft., Mexico;
and
numerous
Neuuer,
pink; Hogarth fiore-pleno,
hybrids as, Alfred
scarlet; President
Garfield, double pink; and Vrielandii, white.
Root
Bowman's
(Gilleuia trifoliata).See Gillenia.
Box
Elder
(Acer Negundo). See Acer.
Box
Holly (Buscus aculeatus). See Buscus.
Box
Thorn
(Lycium barbarum). See Lycium.
Box-tree
See Buxus.
(Buxus sempervirens).
Love
Boy's
(Artemisiaabrotanum). See Artemisia.
Brachyconie
(Swan Biver Daisy). Ord. Compositas. HalfFirst introduced
hardy annual.
Flowering. Nat. W. Australia.
SPECIES
March,
18
CULTIVATED:
in., Mexico;
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
1843.
CULTURE:
by seeds
55" in March,
in April where
SPECIES
Soil,ordinary. Position,sunny
sown
Jin. deep in shallow boxes
transplanting seedlings outdoors
plants are to flower.
B.
CULTIVATED:
iberidifolia,blue
or
border.
gate
Propalight soil in temp.
in May;
outdoors
or
bed
or
of
white,
summer,
1 ft.
Hardy
Grass). Ord. Gramineae.
Inflorescence, suitable for drying for winter
(False Brome
Brachypodium
"
annual
floweringgrass.
decorations.
borders.
seeds
Sow
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
in full flower.
outdoors
in April. Cut inflorescence when
9 in., Europe.
B. distaohyon, summer,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Ord. Leguminosae. Greenhouse
climbing plants.
Brachysema.
First introduced
1803.
Flowering. Evergreen. Nat. Australia.
" silver
CULTURE
loam,
leaf-mould,
:
Compost, equal parts
peat,
well-drained
beds
3 ft.
or
sand.
Feb.
or
Position,
tubs,
Pot,
pots
round
wire trellis or up the
wide " 18 in. deep ; shoots to be trained
"
roof
other
65"-
"
Water
March
freely April
to
Aug., moderately
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
cuttings of shoots
inserted
glass in
to
6 ft.
Bracken
(Pteris aquilina). See Pteris.
Orn.
Brahea.
Greenhouse
foliage.
Ord. Falmacese.
palm.
Krst
introduced
1865.
Pot, Feb.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, " sand.
times.
Water
in
other
Temp., Sept to
freely
summer,
moderately
55"
65"
75".
to 60"; March
March
to Sept.
to
Propagate by seeds sown
March.
Jin. deep in lightsoil in temp. 85" in
CULTITATED:
B. dulcis, 3 ft., Mexico.
SPECIES
Brake
Fern
(Pterisaquilina). See Pteris.
Bramble
See Eubus.
(Rubus fruticosus)."
Bramble-leaved
Rose
(Rosa rubifolia). See Rosa.
"
"
"
"
Bramble
Rose
(Rosa polyantha). See Rosa.
Brassavola.
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Stove,
epiphytal orchids.
First introduced
1837.
Flowers, fragrant.
CULTURE
Position, blocks of wood,
: Compost,
sphagnum moss.
March
from
Water
to Sept., moderately
roof.
abundantly
suspended
55"
50"
to
to Oct. 60" to 70".
other times.
Oct.
Feb.
Feb.
to
;
Temp.,
winter.
Flowers
of
new
growth after resting.
Resting period,
top
division
time.
of
at
plant
potting
Propagate by
CULTIVATED
B.
white
and
SPECIES
:
aoaulis, creamy
spring, Central
rose,
and
America;
cacullata, cream
red, spring, S. America;
lineata, white, spring,
fragrant, S. America;
white, spring, Honduras.
venosa,
Brassia.
Orchidacese.
Ord.
Stove
green.
Everepiphytal orchids.
First introduced, 1806.
CULTURE
:
Pot, Feb.
Compost, rough fibrous peat " charcoal.
well-drained
in
Water
shade.
Position,
partial
pots
freely April to
Aug., moderately other times.
Temp., Oct. to Feb. 50" to 60"; Feb.
to Oct. 65" to 85".
Flowers
at base of
Resting period, none.
appear
last growth when
division
of plants at
completed.
Propagate by
time.
potting'
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B.
antherotes, yellow, May
and
June, Colomlia;
and
braohiata, yellow, white
July to Sept., Guatemala;
orange,
gireoudiana,
red, Aug., Costa
yellow and
Rica; lanceana, yellow, brown
to
and
red, Jan.
and
lawrenoiana, yellow, cinnamon
Sept., Surinam;
green,
spring,Brazil; macnwhite
lata, yellow, red and brown. May, Trop. America;
and
purple.
Torruoosa,
May and June, Guatemala.
"
"
"
Brassica
(Borecole; Broccoli; Brussels
Sprouts; Cabbage;
Cauliflower; Colewort; Couve
tard;
Tronchuda; Kale; Kohl
Rabi; Muswith
Rape; Savoy; Turnip). Ord. Crucifera.
biennials
Hardy
esculent
roots
or
foliage. Nat. Europe (Britain).Flowers, yellow;
May to Aug.
CULTURE
OF
BORECOLE
OR
KALE."
Sow
seeds Jin. deep in
drills 6 in. ajjart in Ajjrilor May.
third
Transplant seedlingswhen
"
leaf
forms
apart in
to April.
4 in.
rows
apart in nursery
2 ft. asunder
in
bed.
June
CULTURE
OF
shallow
boxes of
Plant
or
out
July.
permanently
Season
of
use,
18 in.
Nov.
BROCCOLI."
For autumn
use
seeds J in. deep in
sow
light soil in temp. 65" iu Feb., or in cold frame in
April; transplant seedlings3 in. apart in cold frame, light soil, in
For
Aprilor May; plant out 2 ft. apart in rows 2 ft. asunder in June.
seeds Jin. deep in drills 6 in.
winter
use
sow
apart in open garden
in April;transplant seedlings6 in. apart each way
in June; plant
68
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
permanently
end
of
BOW
seeds
April
2 ft.
end
CULTURE
apart
winter
for
as
of
OF
GARDENING.
all ways
in July.
kinds ; plant out
May; plant
out
BRUSSELS
in
SPROUTS
For
in
spring use
July.
For
sow
summer
seeds
use
Aug.
:
For
65-^
early crop
sow
seeds in
third leaf
off in cold
in
March, transplant seedlings when
harden
forms into boxes, keep in heat for a week
or
so, then
" plant 4 in. apart on
frame
till May, when
sheltered
border
plant
a
plant
out in permanent
position. Sow also outdoors
early in April. Transseedlingsas advised for Broccoli," plant out permanently 30 in.
to April. Cut, not
of use, Nov.
3 ft. asunder.
Season
apart in rows
till sprouts
heads
break, off sprouts when
gathering. Do not remove
temp,
are
of
55
to
finished.
CULTURE
OF.CABBAGE
seeds J in. deep in boxes
sow
use
COLEWOP.T
summer
: For
Feb.
in
65"
in
soil
transplant
;
light
temp.
seedlings3 in. apart in boxes of light soil " put in cold frame for few
For
in April.
18 in. asunder
weeks; plant out 12 in. apart in rows
autumn
seeds i in. deep in drills 6 in. apart in open positionin
sow
use
March; transplant seedlings6 in. apart in May; plant out 12 in. apart
in rows
in open
IS in.
seeds
J in. deep
spring use sow
6
in.
apart in
July; transplant seedlings
in Sept. Sow
18 in. asunder
in. apart in rows
plant out 12 in. apart each way in Sept.
asunder
garden middle
12
and
AND
of
in June.
For
of
seeds
as
sow
use
in.
seeds
For
autumn
sow
deep in
advised
i
use
for early cabbage.
in
in.
May,
drills 6 in. apart in April; transplant seedlings6
apart
For
in June.
2 ft. asunder
spring
" plant out
18 in. apart in rows
in last
outdoors in Aug. ; transplant seedlingsin cold
as
use
CULTURE
OF
For
CAULIFLOWER:
summer
case,
sow,
hearts
When
begin to
for the winter, " plant out in April.
frame
frost.
and
from
flowers
sun
them
to protect tender
form
snap leaf over
March.
in
outdoors
seeds thinly
EOHL-EABI
CULTURE
OF
: Sow
Thin
seedlings to 3 in. apart in May, and plant out permanently
for
stems
swollen
Gather
in June.
3 ft. asunder
2 ft. apart in rows
when
the size of a turnip.
use
for early crop
in March
seeds outdoors
SAVOY
OP
: Sow
CULTURE
seedlings as advised for
" at the end of April for maincrop. Treat
15 in. asunder;
in.
apart in rows
cabbage. Plant dwarf varieties 12
after
for use
Gather
in rows
2 ft. asunder.
tall kinds
18 in.
apart
frost.
autumn
CULTURE
after sowing.
borders.
MUSTARD
: Soil, ordinary. Position,open
OF
till
boards
with
mats
or
"
of soil, water,
cover
surface
on
first
Make
in.
and
6
apart.
they germinate; or in drills Jin. deep,
with successional
follow
sowings
every five days
of
March,
end
sowing
in.
1
when
for
Gather
high. Two
salading
cease.
then
until
eight weeks
CULTURE
Sow
seeds
Sept..
off one
pieceof ground.
crops sufficient
boxes,
seed on surface of lightsoil in shallow
Sow
:
Cultuee
Indooe
"
slate
or
sheet
of
with
board,
cover
paper,
with tepid water,
moisten
succession
for
Sow
in
or
room.
greenhouse
in warm
position
place
59
ENOYCLOP^mA
OF-
GABDENINO.
every
be
sown
flannel
on
cheaper.
CULTUEE
OF
COUVE
TEONCHUDA
tion,
Posi: Soil, ordinary, rich.
seeds
in April. Transplant seedSow
lings
thinly outdoors
3 in. high, 6 in. apart in a
bed.
Plant
out finally
nursery
in June.
3 ft. apart each way
Gather
ribs,
outer
leaves first for their midand hearts last of all.
sunny.
when
Details:
Miscellaneous
Soil to be deeply dug and well manured
meal
for all foregoing crops. Fork
in bone
for
or
superphosphate
Best artificial manure
for cabbage tribe : Kainit, 2J lb. ;
turnip crop.
sulphate of ammonia, 2 lb. ; sulphate of soda, 1\ lb. ; " superphosphate
of lime, 2Jlb.
ApP ^ above quantity to each square rod a month
from
after planting. Turnips take
time
of sowing to
eight weeks
arrive at maturity; Brussels
sprouts. 30 to 40 weeks; other crops, 18
to 20 weeks.
Seeds take eight to ten days to germinate, and
retain
for six to eight years.
their germinating powers
of seeds
One
ounce
will yield 2,000 plants.
Market
Soil, deep
Culture:
decayed
planting, with
are
"
manure
1 cwt.
developing;
for
"
rich.
For
Borecole,
J cwt. of nitrate
planting; for Broccoli, 12 tons
applied
after
Manures:
in
spring,"
applied in winter,
per
acre
in
after
is thinned.
Sow
seeds
of Borecole, Broccoli, Brussels
crop
Sprouts, Colewort, Cauliflowers, " Savoys in April outdoors; Cabbage
in March, April, " July; Turnip, in March, April,July, Aug., " Sept.
Plant in June
or
July. Cabbage again iu Sept. Distances for planting
apait each
v.ay
for
early crops,
GO
"
2 ft.
apart
for
late
or
main
ENOYOLOPJSDIA
OF
GABDBNING.
SPECIES
"
"
Campanula.
Holly
Broad-leaved
Broad-leaved
(Ilex latifolia).
"
Spindle-tree
See
Hex.
(Euonymus
See
latifolius).
"
Euonymus.
Prickly-toothed
Broad
Fern
See
(Kephrodium dilatata)."
Nephrodium.
Broccoli.
plants.
Brassica.
See
"
Liliaceae.
Brodisea
"
Deciduous.
Kat.
Hardy
First
bulbous
introduced
1806.
CULTURE:
OUTDOOR
Soil,
Plant bulbs
well-drained
border.
Lift " replantbulbs annually
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts sandy loam " one
part
in 4^ in. pots, placing
Grow
equal proportionsof leaf -mould " sand.
bulbs
surface
of mould.
Cover
1 in apart " just below
Pot, Oct.
ashes in cold frame
till growth begins, then
to a temp.
with
remove
Water
45" to 55"
freely whilst growing. Keep dry when
foliagefades.
in
J in. deep in sandy soil in cold frame
Propagate by seeds sown
March;
by offsets treated as advised for bulbs.
B.
OTTLTIVATPED
SPECIES
:
Bridgesii, purple, blue, June, li ft., California;
calif ornioa, rosy-purple, June, li ft., California; congesta, blue, June, 1 ft., N.W.
America; congesta alba, ^bite; capitata, blue, May, 2 ft.,N.W. America; capitata
alba, white; grandifiora, blue and purple, June, 1\ ft., N.W.
America;
ixioides,
Howellii
Howellii, blue, July, 2 ft., Oregon;
yellow, June, 9 in., California;
lilaoina,lilac; byaointhina lactea, wbite, July, 2 ft., California; laza, blue, June,
Ik ft., California
(Syn. Milla laxa) ; uniflora (Syn. Tritelia uuiflora violaoea, pale
blue.
See Brevoortia
for B. ooocinea.) There
are
others, but above are the best.
Brodie's
Lily (Brevoortia Ida-Maia). See Bretoortia.
Brome
Grass."
See Bromus.
Ord.
Bromeliaceae.
Bromelia.
Stove
herbaceous
perennials.
leaved plants.
Flowering and ornamental
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts fibrous loam, rough peat, leafWater
mould, " silver sand.
Pot, Mlarch.
Good
freely always.
65" to 75
March
to
drainage essential.
Temp., Sept. to March
Sept.
,
70" to 80". Propagate by large-sized
offshoots inserted singlyin small
pots of sandy peat in temp. 85" in April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B. fastnosa, purple, Aug., i ft.,Bratil; Pinguin, red,
March, 3 ft.,Trop. America;
sylvestris,crimson, July, 3 ft., Trop. America.
Stock
Brompton
(Matthiolaincana)."See Matthiola.
INDOOR
'
"
"
Bromus
(Black Grass; Brome
Grass). Ord. Gramineae.
Hardy
Biennial.
ornamental
Inflorescence
suitable for mixing with
grasses.
decoration.
cut flowers or drying for winter
CULTURE
Position, open borders.
: Soil, ordinary.
Propagate by
seeds sown
-Jin. deep in Sept or April where
plants are required to
useful
for drying for winter
Flowers
decoration; cut them
grow.
"
when
fullydeveloped.
SPECIES
Broom.
CULTIVATED
"
See
Broushtonla.
First
introduced
B.
2 ft., Caucasus.
brizffiformis,
Cytisus.
"
Ord.
Orchidaoeae.
Stove
orchid.
EverTeen.
"
1793.
62
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GAltDENING.
OF
CULTUEE
:
Position, blocks of wood,
Compost, sphagnum moss.
shade.
Water
partial
freelyApril to Aug., moderately other times.
Feb.
50"
Oct.,to
to
Temp.,
60; Feb. to Oct. 65" to 85". Growing period,
"
summer.
at apex
Flowers
spring
EjCstingperiod,winter.
appear
in
of
new
CULTIVATED":
SPECIES
guinea, crimson,
Aug.,
B.
18
in.,
lilaoina, rosy
lilac, summer,
San
Domingo;
ean-
Jamaica.
Broussonetia
duous
(Paper Mulberry)." Ord. TJrticaceae. Hardy deci1751.
Nat.
China.
First
introduced
Leaves,
foliage.
large, lobed, mulberrjr-shaped.
Orn.
tree.
CULTUEE
in
Soil, rich loamy. Position, sheltered shrubberies
March.
to
Oct.
Propagate by cuttings
Engjlandonly. Plant,
in Oct. or Nov.
in sandy soil in cold frame
iu Oct., or suckers
of
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Browallia.
S.
serted
in-
B.
Ord.
"
Flowering.
First introduced
1735.
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts loam " leaf-mould, with little
sand.
in temp. 55"
Sow
seeds 1-16 iu. deep in fine light soil in March
When
to 65".
seedlings appear
transplant three or four into each
shelf iu greenhouse, " water
5 in. pot, keep on
a
moderately.
Apply
in cool greenhouse.
flower
in May
Will
" June.
water
weak
manure
55" to 60".
to June
Seedlingsmay be planted outdoors
Temp., March
to flower
in June
SPECIES
during
summer.
B.
CULTIVATED:
demisaa
ft., Peru;
2 ft.. Peru.
green.
EverOrd. Leguminosaa. Stove
Brownea.
flowering shrubs.
introduced
1820.
First
Pot,
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts peat " loam, little sand.
Water
Feb. or March.
occasionally at other
moderately in summer,
55" to 60"; March
to Sept. 65" to 85"times.
Temp., Sejjt.to March
in
firm
shoots
inserted
of
sandy
peat, in temp.
cuttings
by
Propagate
80" under
bell-glass,in spring.
Birsohellii,
B. Ariza, red, June, 10 to 20 ft.,Colombia;
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
10 to 13 ft., hybrid;
Crawfordii, scarlet, summer,
Aug., 10 ft., Venezuela;
rose,
grandiceps, red, June, 10 ft., Venezuela.
See Datura.
Brugmansia.
Stove evergreen
Ord. Solanacese.
Brunf
elsia.
floweringshrubs.
"
"
"
1826.
First introduced
CULTURE
: Compost, four
Position,
part loam " sand.
after
after
are
flowering.
in. long.
Water
shoots
when
latter
freely afterwards.
to healthy plants
to Oct. 60" to
50" to 55"; March
in summer.
Temp., Oct. to March
bellin
sand
under
inserted
in.
2
to
3
70".
cuttings
long,
Propagate by
to
60"
Feb.
Au?.
to
in
70",
glass
temp.
rant,
B. oalyoina (Syn. Francisoea
calyoina),purple, fragCULTIVATED:
SPECIES
summer,
Brunsvigria
ft., Brazil.
Ord.
(Candelabra-flower')
"
Amaryllidaceaj.
Good
Greenhouse
First
Nat. Cape
bulbous
Hope.
plants. Deciduous.
introduced
1752.
Pot., Sept.
CULTURE
equal parts peat, loam, " sand.
: Compost,
quantity;
new
growth begins, then give moderate
Water
only when
vellow.
turn
after leaves
Temp., Sept. to Nov. 50"
to give any
cease
to Sept. 65" to 75"Plants
55" to 65" ; March
to March,
Nov
to 55"
of
"
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
full exposure
to sun.
Propagate by offsets inserted in small
similar
to
bulbs,
pots
large
grown
B. gigantea, red, July, 1 ft. ; Josephinse, scarlet, July,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
"
18 in. : miaor, pink, July, 9 in. ; liadula, red, June, 6 in.
See
Brassica.
Brussels
Sprcuts.
have
must
"
"
BryanthUS.
Evergreen.
Ericaceae.
Ord.
"
Plant,
Position, moist
rockery.
peat.
by division of plants in April, or layering
CDLTUBE:
Soil, sandy
Oct. to April. Propagate
in Oct.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B.
California;
empetriformis,
1 ft., a
red, summer,
trailingflowering shrubs.
Hardy
rosy-purple,
Breweri,
reddish
hybrid
purple,
summer,
between
June
to
19
in.,
erectuR,
Columbia;
and
empetriformis
B.
Aug.,
to
in., British
Khodothamnus
Chamfecistus.
Bryophyllum.
plants. First
CULTURE
Ord.
"
leaved
Crassulaceae.
introduced
Greenhouse
succulent-
1800.
one
part old mortar,
in
Position,
rubble, "
fairly dry greenpits
house.
sunny,
Water
Pot
in March.
keep rather dry
moderately in summer,
at other
seasons.
Temp., 45" to 55" in winter; 55" to 65" afterwards.
Propagate by leaves simply laid on the surface of moist sand.
B. oalycinum, green
and
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
3 ft., Trop.
:
purple, summer,
and
10 ft., S. Africa.
Africa; proliferum, green
purple, summer,
Buck-eye
Pavia)." ^ee ^sculus.
(.ailsculus
Buckler
Fern
(Nephrodium Pilix-mas)." See Nephrodium.
Buckthorn
(Rhamuus
catharticus). See Rhamnus.
:
Compost,
two
sandjrloam,
parts
well-drained
sand.
"
Buckwheat.
Buddleia,
See
"
Fagopyrum.
(Orange-ball-tree).Ord. Loganiaceae.
Evergreen.
Hardy kinds
"
flowering shrubs.
First
culture.
CULTURE
1774.
wall,
south-west
Prune
introduced
dead
in
or
Hardy or greenhouse
only worthy of
Position, border
against
Plant, Oct.
sheltered
straggly
south
shrubberies.
shoots
only.
or
April.
or
away
light soil
Bufflehorn
Bugbane
in
or
temp,
of
Wood
(Burchellia capensis)." See Burchellia.
(Cimicifuga americana). See Cimicifuga.
Flower
(Ajuga reptans)."See Ajuga.
"
Bugle
Bugle
Lily."
Bulb-bearing:
See
Bulbinella."
Ord.
introduced
Watsonia.
Lily
Liliacea!.
Hardy
SPECIES
to
CTJLTIVATED:
B.
Zealand.
ft., New
BulbOCOdium
bulbous
before
Lilium.
perennial.
First
1848.
CULTURE:
Soil, rich, well drained,
mould.
Position, partiallyshaded
warm
Propagate by division in spring.
2
herbaceous
plant.
leaves.
Hookori
introduced
border.
(Syn. Ohrysobaotron
(Spring Meadow
First
containing plenty
Plant
in
of
leaf-
spring.
Hookeri), white
mer,
sum-
'
Flowers
appear
in
Hardy
March,
UNOYGLOP^DlA
CULTITEE:
Plant
borders.
SPECIES
OARDMNING.
Soil, ordinary.
bulbs 3 in.
second
year.
bulbs every
the bulbs.
OP
CULTIVATED:
B.
or
Position, sunny
shady beds or
deep " 3 in. apart in Sept. Lift " replant
Propagate by offsets obtained when lifting
purple, March,
vernum,
in., Alps;
yer-
vemum
aioolor,prettily tinted.
Bullace
Bullrush
Bull's
Bunch
"
Arau-
caiia.
Buphane.
Ord.
"
Amaryllidaceae.Half-hardy
bulbous-rooted
CULTURE
First
or
greenhouse
plants.
" sand.
: Compost, equal parts peat, loam,
Pot, Sept.
Water
only when new
growth begins,then give moderate
quantity;
to give any
after leaves turn
cease
yellow. Temp., Sept. to Nov. 50"
to 55"; Nov. to March
55" to 65"; March
to Sept. 65" to 75".
Plants
have full exposure
must
to sun.
Propagate by offsets inserted in small
pots " grown
SPECIES
summer,
introduced
1795.
CULTIVATED:
1 ft., S. Africa.
B.
oiliaris,purple,
summer,
Bupleurum
(Hare's-ear). Ord. Umbelliferae.
Hardy evergreen,
shrub
and perennials. Pirst introduced
1596.
CULTURE
OP
SHRUBBY
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary. Position,,
border.
warm
Plant, Oct. or April. Propagate by cuttingsinserted,
in sandy peat in cold frame
in Oct. or March
; also by seeds.
CULTURE
OF
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
Soil,ordinary. Position,,
borders or rockeries.
Plant, Oct. or March.
Propagate by seeds ;
sunny
outdoors
in April; division in March.
sown
SHRUBBY
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
B. frutioosum, yellow, July, 3 ft., Mediterranean
Hegion.
PEEENNIAL
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B. petrffium,yellow, June, 6 in.,Europe;,
stellatum, yellow, June, 9 in., S. Europe.
baceous
Bupthalmum
(Yellow Ox-eye). Ord. Compositae. Hardy herperennials. First introduced, 1722.
CULTURE
Plant.'
Position, open sunny border.
: Soil, ordinary.
Oct. or March.
Propagateby division of old plantsin Oct. or March;,
seeds sown
outdoors
in
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
B. salioifolium,yellow, June, 18 in., S. Europe; salioifolium grandiflorum, large-flowered variety; speoiosissimum {Syn. Telekia
speciosissima), yellow, June, 3 ft.,Europe; speoiosum (Syn. Telekia speciosa),yellow, June,
5 ft.,Europe.
Ord.
Scitaminaceae.
Stove
herbaceous
BurbidS^ai
flowering
1879.
perennial. First introduced
CULTURE
loam.
tion,
Posi: Compost, equal parts peat, leaf -mould, and
Water
large pots, tubs, or beds. Plant, March.
freelyMarch
to August, moderately other times.
Propagate by division of roots in
"
"
"
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
B.
nitida, orange
"
red,
summer,
ft., Borneo.
Stove flowering'
(BufHehorn-wood). Ord. Eubiacese.
shrub.
Evergreen. Nat. Cape of Good Hope.
CULTURE
: Compost,
equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould, " sand.
Water
Pot, March.
freely April to Sept., moderately other times.
55" to 60"; March
to Sept. es'*to 75".
ProTemp,, Sept. to March.
shoots inserted in sandy peat under
belVpagate by cuttings of young
glass in temp. 75 in March, April,or May.
Burchellia
"
65
OABDENINO.
OF
ENGYOLOPJBDIA
to May, 3 ft.
capensis, scarlet, March
Bur
See Bideus.
Marigold.
Burnet
(Poterium Sanguisorba). See Poterium.
See Bosa.
Rose
Burnet
(Bosa spiuosi"sima)."
Bush
Burning
(Dictamuus albus). See DictamuuB.
Oak
Burr
(Querous macrocarpa)." See Quercus.
Burser'S
Saxifrage
(Saxifragaburseriana). See Saxifraga.
See Ocimum.
Basil
Bush
(Ocimum miuimum).
Clover
Bush
(Lespedezacapitata). See Lespedeza.
Bush
Honeysuckle
(Diervillarosea). See DierviUa.
See Buscus.
Broom
Butcher's
(Buscus
Alismaceae.
Butomus
Lily Grass). Ord.
(Flowering Busb;
BPEOIES
OULTITATED
B.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
aculeatus^.
"
"
waterside
perennial. Pretty
plant.
Position, in shallow water on margins
: Soil, ordinary.
Plant, Oct. or March.
Propagate by division
ponds, lakes, etc.
Hardy
CULTUBE
of
of roots
in March
SPECIES
or
April.
B.
CULTIVATED:
umhellatus,
rose,
summer,
to
ft., Europe
(Britain.)
cissus.
Nar-
See
Butter
"
Eggs
Butter
Bean
Buttercup."
Butterfly
Butterfly
Butterfly
Butterfly
(Narcissus incomparabilisplenns).
"
"
"
"
"
Habeuaria.
Pea.
Butterfly
Plant
Butterfly
Butterfly
Tulip
Butterfly-weed
"
See
Clitoria.
"
"
"
"
"
golden,
silver
or
CULTUBE
banks;
choice
variegated.
Plant
divisions with roots
attached
in shallow
trench
in
March.
Allow
or
Oct.,
Nov.,
to
deep
plants
nearly touch
each other, " to have
their tips about
2 in. above
soil
soil. Press
Trim
plants April or Aug. Nursery yard of box will make
firmly.
three yards of edgfing. Cost, sixpenceper lineal yard.
HEDGES:
Trench
soil 3ft. deep " 3ft. wide, add
BOX
decayed
6
in.
"
box
12 ins. high, 12 ins. apart in
green
in
annually
April or Aug. Cost of plants,per
Sept. or Oct.
100, 25s. ; preparing site " planting,9d. per lineal yard.
OULl'ITATED:
B. balearioa, 8 ft., Baleario
SPECIES
Islands; japonioa, 8 ft.,
(golden leaved) semperfirens, 8 ft., Europe (Britain),etc.,
Japan; japonioa aurea
manure,
plant ordinary
Trim
66
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
and
its numorous
varieties, argentea (silver-leaTed)
; aurea
worthiensis, myitifolia (mj-rtle-leaved),pyramidalis and
edging box).
Byzantine
Crocus
Cabbagre."
Cabbagre
Cabbage
Cabbag:e
Cacalia."
Cactus
See
See
(Crocusiridiflorus)."
(Dutch
oi
Crocus.
Braasica.
Lettuce
Palm
Rose
See
; hands(goldeu-leavedl
suflEruticosa
See
Lactuca.
(Rosa
See
centifolia)."
Sabal.
Rosa.
Kleinia.
pahlia
(DahliaJuarezi)."See Dahlia.
^Ord. Leguminosse.
"
stove
Hardy deciduous
shrubs.
First
introduced
1739.
evergreen
OP
CULTURE
HARDY
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary.
Position,
sheltered
shrubberies.
Prune
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
warm,
merely to
in sandy soil in cold
keep in good shape. Propagate by seeds sown
frame
time.
at any
OF
CULTURE
SPECIES
two
STOVE
: Compost,
partspeat or loam,
silver
half
sand.
one
a
Position, pots in light
part leaf-mould,
part
Pot, Feb. or March.
part of stove or outdoors
during July " Aug.
March
afterwards.
Water
to
Oct.,
freely,
moderately
Temp., March
to Oct. 70" to 80"; Oct to March
55 to 65".
Propagate by seeds sown
in lightsandy soil in temp, of 75" to 85" in spring; cuttings of short
shoots inserted singly in small pots filled with pure sand under
young
bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85" in summer.
HARDT
SPECIES
0. sepiara(Syn. 0. japonioa), yellow, spring, 6 to 8 ft.,
:
10 ft., S. America.
Gilliesii (Syn. Poinciana
Japan;
Giiliesii),
yellow, summer,
C. pulcherrima
SPECIES
STOVE
:
(Syn. Poinciana
pulcherrima), yellow and red,
10 to 15 ft.. Tropics.
summer,
Bread.
See Eucephalartos.
Caffre
Caffre
Butter
Shrub
(Combretum
purpureum). See Combretum.
Caffre
Lily (Schizostylis
coocinea). See Schizostylis.
Nat.
Cakile
(Sea Rocket). Ord, Criiciferze. Hardy annual.
Europe, M". America.
CULTURE
Position, open borders.
:
Soil, sandy.
Propagate by
1-16 in. deep where
seeds sown
plantsare to flower in March or April.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
: O.
maritima, lilao,June, 1 ft.,Britain.
Aroideae.
Ord.
Stove
deciduous
Caladium.
perennials.
Orn.
Tuberous-rooted.
Leaves,
foliage. First introduced 1773.
Csesalpinia.
"
"
"
"
"
"
dry
to
Nov.
75";
to
subtropicalbeds
Feb.
or
Nov.
to Feb.
Temp.. Feb. to Sept. 70" to
C. Humboldtii
Nov.
to Feb. 55" to 65".
in
summer.
March.
CULTIVATED:
0. Hunboldtii
(Syn. C. argyrites), 9 ins., Brazil;
SPECIES
bioolor, Chantinii, 18 in., bioolor piotnm, 18 in. j
bicolor, 18 in., S. America:1 ft., Guayaquil;
Sohomburgkii, 18 in., Brazil;
rutescens, Brazil;
marmoratum,
Ttarieties more
Brazil.
A
host
of beautiful
than
generally grown
the
venosum,
species will be found in trade lists.
Calamintha
(Calamint; Basil Thyme)." Ord. Labiatae.
Hardy
" herbaceous
annuals
perennials. Flowers, fragrant.
rockeries " borders.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary- Position, sunny
67
d2
ENOYGLOP^DIA
Plant, Oct.
in
to
April.
April; cuttings
roots
in Oct.
ANNUAL
PERENNIAL
Calamus.
GARDENING.
OF
seeds sown
in cold frame
Propagate by
of side shoots
1-16
in
in. deep
outdoors
spring; division
of
April.
or
SPECIES:
SPECIES
0. Aoinos
:
0.
Ord. Palmaceae.
1819.
introduced
Stove
"
palms.
Orn.
Evergreen.
Leaves, large, finely-
Ht. 5 to 15 ft.
foliage. First
divided.
"
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts turfy loam, one
part leaf-mould
drained
in
shade.
Pot
in
sand.
coarse
Position, well
firmly
pots
Water
March.
moderately Sept. to March, freelyafterwards.
Temp.,
to Sept. 70" to 85".
Propagate by
Sept. to Mar. 60" to 65" ; March
1 in. deep in light soil,in temp. 80" in March;
seeds sown
by suckers
soil
of
under
inserted
in
small
from
light
roots,
bell-glass
pots
growing
in
temp 80".
0.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
asperrimus, Java ; australis, Australia ; caryo:
ciliaris, Malaya;
erectus, Himalayas;
fiagellum, Himalayas;
tioides, Australia;
Guinea
Muelleri, Australia ; oblongus, Java ; oxleyanus, Malaya ; Uegis, New
;
Cochin
China;
subangulatus, Sumatra;
tenuis, India; trinervis. East
rudentum.
Indies; Timinalis, India.
Ord.
Portulaceae.
Calandrinia
(Eock-Purslane).
Hardy
First
introduced
1826.
annuals, biennials, " perennials.
CULTURE:
Soil, light,moderately rich.
Position, sunny
rockery
tor dwarf
species;borders for tall species. Plant perennialsin April.
boxes
of light
1-16 in. deep in shallow
Propagate annuals by seeds sown
soil in temp. 55" to 60" in March, transplantseedlingsinto small pots
in April, where
seeds outdoors
in April," plant out in June, or sow
similar
in heat
to
plants are to flower; biennials by seeds sown
division of roots in April.
annuals
or
: perennialsby seeds
ANNUAL
SPECIES
0. compressa,
:
Aug., 6 in.. Chili ; procumbens, rose,
rose,
Aug., 6 in., Peru; nitida, red, Aug., 6 in., Chili.
SPECIES
BIENNIAL
umbellata, rose, July, 6 in.. Pern.
: 0.
1 ft.. Chili; Meniiesii,
PEEENNIAL
SPECIES:
0. grandiflora, rosy-red, summer,
1 ft., California;
18 in., Chili.
crimson, summer,
discolor, rose, summer,
"
Calanthe.
"
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Warm
greenhouse
terrestrial
" evergreen.
orchids.
Deciduous
First introduced
1819.
two
"
CULTURE
: Compost,
parts loam, one part decayed manure,
leaf-mould.
Position, shady or partiallyshady, pots with a third of
Pot loosely in March.
Cover
drainage in each.
drainage with layer
of moss
" allow
the rim of pot.
compost to be well elevated above
deciduous
kinds freelyApril to Sept.,moderately Sept. to Jan.;
Water
kinds water
keep quite dry afterwards; evergreen
freelyat all times.
65"
to
to
to
March
Jan.
60"
to 70"; Jan. to
85";
Sept.
Sept.
Temp.,
55" to 65".
March
Flowers
in centre
Resting period,winter.
appear
of new
pleted.
growth, or at base of pseudo-bulb,when growth is nearly comdivision
of
in
March.
by
pseudo-bulbs
Propagate
OULTlVATEi):
2 ft., Oot., Malaya;
SPECIES
0. ourcoli^oidoB,
orange,
Masuca,
violet,winter, 3 ft., India; vestita,white, winter, 34 ft.,India.
HYBRIDS;
Dominii, lilac-purple,2 ft., Feb.; porphyrea, orimson, spring, 2 ft.;
Veitohii
rosea), rose, winter, S ft., and
(Syn. Limatodes
other
numerous
rare
or
little-grown forms.
Calathea
(Zebra Plant). Ord. Scitaminess.
Stove plants. Orn.
foliage. Leaves, green, rose, yellow, white, " olive on upper sides;
"
rosy
purple beneath.
: Compost, equal parts
CULTURE
mould, "
sand.
moderately firm.
coarse
freelyApril to Sept.,moderatelyafterwards!
68
MNCYOLOPJEDIA
Californian
Cheilautlies.
Californian
OAEDENINO.
OF
(Cheilanthea gracillima).
Fern
Lace
Lilac
"
See
integerrimua)."
(Ceanothus
Californian
May-bush
Californian
Mock
See
Ceanothus.
(Photiniaarbutifoha)."See Photinia.
See
Orange
(CarpentariaCalifornica)."
Carpenteria.
Californian
Californian
crocea).
See
Torreya.
(Eschacholtziacalifornica
Poppy
See
Californian
See
"
Orang^e
Eschscholtzia.
Californian
Pink
See Eschacholtzia.
"
(Torreya Californica).
Nutmeg:
californica rosea).
(Eschacholtzia
Poppy
"
(Darlingtoniacalifornica)."
Pitcher-plant
Darlingtonia.
Californian
Poppy
(Platystemon
Platy-
stemon.
Californian
Redwood
Californian
Silver
Californian
Soapwrort
Fir
cocrinum.
Vine
Californian
Californian
Eschacholtzia.
^See
Calla
Hardy
White
Water
(Bog Arum;
Dragon;
floatingwater perennial.
Marsh
Calla). Ord.
"
alba).
Aroideae.
CULTURE
:
Soil, rich, boggy, or muddy.
Position, moist bog or
shallow
or
pond. Plant, March
April. Propagate by insertingportions
in boggy or
of stems
muddy soil where plants are required to
grow.
SPECIES
OULTITATED
also Riohardia.
paioatris,white,
C.
eummer,
6 in., N.
Hemisphere.
Calla
benacese.
See
"
plant. Orn.
abundantly
Stove
deep violet,
borne
fruit.
First introduced
in axils of leaves ; Nov.
Ord.
1822.
to
Ver-
Berries,
May.
little sand.
into shape
before potting. Water
moderately Sept. to March, freelyafterwards.
55" to 65"; March
70" to 80"
to Sept.
Temp., Sept. to March
gate
Propaby cuttings of young shoots inserted in 2 in. pots of sandy soil
in temp. 80
To ensure
in March
plenty of berries, keep the pointsof
shoots frequently pinched off " all flowers removed
until the end of
CULTUEE
Compost,
Pot, March.
Position, pots,sunny.
Prune
"
loam,
with
atraggly shoots
July.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
CalliChroa."
CalliopsiS.
Calliphruria.
0.
See
"
See
purpurea,
ft., China.
Layia.
Coreopsis.
Ord.
Amaryllidacese.
Greenhouse, bulbous
1876.
rooted
perennial. First introduced
CULTUEE
:
Compost, two parts sandy loam, one
part leaf-mould,
Position, well-drained pota, sunny.
Pot, March,
peat, " sand.
placing one bulb 3 in. deep in a 5 in. pot. Water
moderately March to
Oct., very little afterwards.
50"
Temp., Sept. to March
to 55";
March
to Sept. 55" to 65"
Propagate by offsets placed in small pots
in March.
0. hartnngiana, white, June, 1 ft.,Bogota.
OULTITATED:
SPECIES
"
70
BNCYCLOPJEDIA
Callirhoe
OF
(Poppy-Mallow).
"
perennials.
First
CULTURE
Oct. or
in
deep
pans
introduced
Ord.
GARDENING.
Malvaceae.
Hardy
annuals
"
1824.
Plant
borders.
nials
peren1-16 in.
Propagateannual speciesby seeds sown
of light soil m
temp. 55" to 65" in March, transplanting
out-doors in May, or
where
seedlings
plants are to flower in April;
1-16 in. deepoutdoors
in April,or cuttingsof
perennialsby seeds sown
shoots inserted in sandy soil in cold frame
in spring.
young
ANNUAL
SPEOIBS:
0. pedata, cherry-red, summer,
2 ft., Texas;
pedata oompaota, orimson, white eye.
PERENNIAL
SPEOIBS:
0. inyolocrata, orimson, Jnly, 6 in., N.
America;
aloseoides
lineariloba,striped, July, 6 in., N. America;
(Syn. 0. macrorhiza),
2 ft., summer.
white
and
rose,
CalliStemon
house
Tree)." Ord. Myrtaceae. Green(Bottle Brush
1788.
First introduced
floweringshrubs.
evergreen
CULTUEE:
tion,
PosiCompost, equal parts peat, loam, " silver sand.
in pots, or in well-drained
Pot
beds at base of wall.
or
plant
March
or
April. Prune shoots slightlyafter flowering. Water freely
to Sept. 55" to
Temp. March
April to Sept.,moderately afterwards.
65" ; Sept. to March
40" to 50".
Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots,
in temp. 55" to 65"
in sandy peat under
3 in. long, inserted
bell-glass,
during
March.
summer.
SPEOIBS
OtJLTIVATED:
yellow, June, 6
10 ft.
Natives
0.
ft. ; speoiosus
of Australia.
"
they form.
advised
seeds as
above.
in April,into Sin. in May,
Transplant
three
in
June.
pot
"
sand.
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, decayed manure,
week
when
flower
buds
once
a
Water
are
freely," apply liquidmanure
be lifted
Thin out latter to three on each plant. Plants
formed.
may
from open
ground in Aug. " placed in pots to flower if desired.
6 in. to 2 ft.,
SPEOIES
OXTLTITATBD:
0. hortensis, various
colours, summer,
CULTUEE:
seedlingsinto a
Sow
POT
Ohina.
Numerous
Calluna;
3 in.
(Ling; Heather).
"
or
Ord.
Ericaceae.
Hardy
Bin.
varieties.
floweringshrubs.
CULTUEE
: Soil, bog,
or
"
or
evergreen
beds, borders,
April. Propagate
CTTLTITATBD:
71
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
to that
bulbs in similar soil " manner
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
: Plant
at
foot of
be dry in winter, sunny,
for frames.
must
advised
Bed
south wall.
i in. deep in pans of sandy soil
Propao;ate by seeds sown
in temp. 45" to 55" in March, transplanting^
seedlings followingyear
into small pots " treatingsimilar to old bulbs ; by offsets planted like
bulbs in Nov.
CULTIVATED:
C. albns
SPEOIBS
(Syn. Oyolobotlira alba), whits, July, 1 ft.;
Amoeims
(Syn. Cyolobothra amGena), pink, July, 1 ft.; Benthamii, yellow, July,
8 in.; Ciomleue, lilac-bine,July, 6 in.; olavatns, yellow, July, 2i ft.; elegans,
white, June, 9 in.; GunniGonii, white, July, 2 ft.; Howellii, white, July, 18 in.;
Kennedyi, orange-red, July, 2i ft.; liltujinne,lilao, July, 9 in.; Intens, yellow,
white, June, 6 in.; pnlohellus (Syn.
Jnly, 1 ft.; Nuttallii (Syn. 0. Leitohlinii),
Cyolobothra
pulohella), yellow, July, 1 ft.; Purdyi, white, Jnly, 1 ft.; gplendens,
A number
of varieties will be
lilao, July, 1 ft. ; venustus, white, July, 18 in.
found
in speoialists'lists.
Greenhouse
Calodendron
(Cape Chestnut).Ord. Eutaceae.
First
introduced
shrub.
1789.
flowering
Evergreen.
tion,
PosiCULTURE
: (Compost,two
parts loam, one part peat " sand.
Water
March.
Pot
"
or
tubs, sunny.
moderately
pots
prune,
50" to 55";
to March
Sept. to March, freelyafterwards.
Temp., Seijt.
March
of
shoots
to Sept. 55" to 65".
3 in. long
Propagate by cuttings
in
60"
inserted in sandy soil under
in
June
or
July.
bell-glass temp.
10 ft., S. Africa.
C. capense,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
pink, summer,
Ord.
Calophaca.
flowering
Leguminosae. Hardy deciduous
1786.
shrubs.
First introduced
CULTUEE
: Soil, ordinary. Position, open
shrubbery. Plant, Oct.
to Feb.
\ in. deep in Nov. or March ; by
Propagate by seeds sown
in March.
laburnum
graftingon common
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: 0. woolgarica, yellow, June, 3 ft., 8. Russia.
baceous
Caiopogfon
Hardy her^GrassPink Orchis). Ord. Orchidaceae.
orchid.
First introduced
1791.
CULTUEE
Position,moist, sheltered rockery. Plant,
: Soil, peaty.
in equal parts peat " loam in pots
March
also
be
or
April. May
grown
in cold frames
or
greenhouses. Propagate by offsets treated as old
"
"
"
plants.
OULTITATED:
SPECIES
0.
America.
multiflorus, purple,
summer,
ft.;
pnlohellus,
SPECIES
yellow, Nov.,
CULTIVATED:
0. album,
1 ft.,Australia; pnrpnreum,
pale purple.
CalthanVlarsh
Marigold; Goldiugs;Water Gowan; Double Marsh
Marigold). Ord. Eanunculaceae.
Hardy herbaceous
perennials.
CULTUEE
: Soil,rich.
Position, damp borders, or banks of ponds,
lakes.
streams
or
Plant, Oct. or March.
division of
Propagate
oarneum,
"
by
roots in March
or
July.
73
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GAEDENING.
OF
leptosepala,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. biflora,wliite,May, 1 ft., N. America;
America;
Marigold), yellow, April,
yellow. May, 1 ft., N.W.
palustria (Marsh
its Tarieties,alba
1 ft.,Britain; and
(white). Acre pleno (double yellow), monstroea
and
nana
(yellow,
flore-pleno
plena
double);
(dwarf).
Clover
Calvary
(Medicago echinus). See Medicago.
"
Calycanthus
(CarolinaAllspice).Ord.
"
deciduous
floweringshrubs.
CTJLTUE.E
: Compost, two
Posilion,south or west walls,
Calycanthaceae.Hardy
one
part loam " leaf-mould.
sheltered shrubbery South of England.
Plant, Oct. to March.
i in. deep in lightsoil
Propagate by seeds sown
" Aug.
in
of
shoots
in cold frame, March
July
by
layers
;
0.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
floridus, brownisb
purple, fragrant, June, 6 ft.,
:
occiStates;
S. United
purple. May, 6 ft.. United
Statea; glaucus, brownish
dentalis (Syn. C. maorophyllas), red, fragrant,Aug., 0 ft.,California.
Asplenifolius,
of C. floridus.
forms
OTatus and Tariegata are
Hardy terrestrial
Calypso
(CalypsoOrchis). Ord. OrchidaceiB.
1820.
orchid.
First introduced
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts leaf-mould, one part fibry peat "
or
sand.
bog. Plant, Oct.
coarse
Position,shady margins of rockwork
treated
old
March.
as
or
plantsat planting time.
Propagate by offsets
brown
and
CULTIVATED:
yellow, Jan., 1 ft.,
C. borealis, rose,
SPECIES
N. Temperate
Zone.
ceous
Hardy herbaCalystesia
(Bind-weed). Ord. Convolvulaceoe.
parts peat,
or
"
"
N.
America.
Ternstroemiaceae.
(Japan Eose; Tea-plant)."Ord.
First
introduced
shrubs.
1739.
Greenhouse
Evergreen.
flowering
"
sand.
tion,
PosiCULTUEE
: Compost,equal parts turfy loam, peat,
in
south
sheltered
tubs
wall, or
in
greenhouse, against
pots or
in S. of England. Pot, March
shrubberies
outdoors
or
April. Plant
to
March.
Water
Oct.
outdoors
March, freely
or
moderately Sept.
50" to 55";
at pottingtime.
Prune
afterwards.
Temp., Sept. to March
outdoors
of cinder
65".
Place
bed
55"
to
on
to
March
plants
Sept.
stimulants
week
to
March.
to
once
a
ashes July
Aug.
Sept. Apply
"
of
clear
soot
Solution
stimulants
Suitable
soot,
:
sheep droppings
of
buds
Cause
artificial
"
manures.
water, or
dropping,
water, guano
Propagate by seeds sown
dry atmosphere " insufficient water at roots.
Camellia
Jin. deep
in
sandy
peat
in
temp.
73
75"
in
March;
by cuttings
of
firm
shoots
inserted
in
GAEDENING.
OF
UNOYCLOPMDIA
well-drained
pots
of
house
sandy peat in cool green-
to
temp. 55"
Aug., transferring pots
small
cuttings
pota following Sept.; by layers of shoots
in
in
March
in
grafting in
SPECIES
"
in
putting
Sept.;
March.
CULTIVATED:
0.
numerous
cultivated
ties,
varie-
Campanula
Bampion).
"
Ord.
CULTURE
OP
trailingspecieson
sunny
POT
or
shady.
tion,
Soil, ordinary rich. Posirockeries; tall speciesbeds " borders,
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
sunny
Plant, Oct.
to
April.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts leaf-mould, loam, " sand.
Trailingkinds grow in small pots in hanging baskets.
Repot them in
March.
Water
moderately in winter, freelyother times. Tall kinds
singly in 5 in. pots or three in a 7 in. pot. Sow seeds of these in
grow
in Aug. ; transplantseedlingssingly in 3 in. pots in Oct.,
cold frame
into 5 in. in April,7 in. in May.
Water
moderately in winter, freely
in summer.
CULTURE
ANNUAL
SPECIES;
Sow
seeds in gentle heat in
OF
off in cold frame
in
into
harden
March, transplant seedlings
boxes,
borders
in
in
June.
"
out
early
May
plant
sunny
BIENNIAL
SPECIES
in April,
CULTURE
OP
seeds outdoors
: Sow
when
in.
in.
1
6
June.
Tfansplant seedlings
high,
apart in
May, or
in
borders
in
flower
"
out
to
Oct.
bed,
plant
followingyear.
nursery
seeds in shallow
RAMPION:
Sow
drills 6 in. apart
CULTURE
OP
Thin seedlings
to 4 in. apart. Lift
in shady border of rich soil in May.
in
Nov.
Uses
" store roots in frost-proof
:
place
Young roots " leaves
for winter
salads ; large roots cook and eat like parsnips.
1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in temp.
by seeds sown
Propagate perennials
of
55" in March
or
Aug. ; by cuttings young shoots in lightsoil in cold
division of roots in Oct. or April.
dichotoma, blue, July, 1 ft., Sioily; drabiefolia, bine,
alba, white, Greece;
erinoides, bine, July, 1 ft., S.
July, 3
blue, July, 1 ft.,Portugal;
Africa; Erinus, blue, July, 1 ft., 8. Europe; Losflingii,
Loreyi, purple, June, 18 in., Italy; maorostyla, blue, July, IS in., Asia Uinor.
G. Medium
SPECIES:
BIENNIAL
(Canterbury Bell),blue, July, 3 ft.,S. Europe;
several vrhite, rose, and
purple single and double varieties.
and
0. abietiana, blue, July, 1 ft., Europe;
SPECIES:
PERENNIAL
alliarisefolia,
AUioni, blue, July, 3 in., France; alpina, bine,
yellow, June, 18 in., Caucasus;
July, 6 in., Europe; balohiniana, blue, July, 6 in., hybrid; barbata, blue, June,
1 ft., Europe;
betoniooefolia,blue. May, IS in., Mt.
Olympus;
bononiensis, bine,
6 in., Europe;
csespitoaa alba, white;
July, 2ift.,Europe; oeespitosa,blue, snmmer,
13
in., E. Europe;
carpatioa alba, white; carpatica
carpatica, blue, summer,
turbinata, blue, 6 in.; ooUina, blue, July, 1 ft.,Caucasus; Elatinea, purple, smn3 in.. Piedmont;
3 in.. Piedmont;
elatinoides,purple, summer,
mer,
fragalis(Syn.
purple, Aug., 6 in., Italy; ganganioa, blue, June, 6 in.,
0. Barrelieri), lilac and
18 in.,Europe
Italy; glomerata, blue, summer,
(Britain),and its varieties dahurica
(deep blue) and flore-pleno(double, blue); grandis, violet blue, June, 2 ft.,Siberia,
its variety alba
and
(white); Hondersonii, mauve,
July to Sept., 1 ft., hybrid;
isophylla, lilac blue, July, 3 to 6 in., Italy, and its varieties alba
(white) and
and
Mayi (mauve); lactiflora,white
blue, July, 3 ft., Caucasus; latifolia,blue,
July, 4 to 6 ft., Britain, and its varieties alba (white), Burghalti (lilac) and Van
Houttei
violet,or creamy,
(violet-blue)
; nobilis, reddish
July, 2 ft. China
nersioifolia, blue, June, 2 to 3 ft.,Europe, and its varieties alba (white), albo 'ooronata
(white, semi-double), alba
flore-pleno (double white), etc.; portenaohlairiana
blue, June, 6 in., 8. Europe; nulla, violet blue, June, 6 in., Austria; pusila dark
blue, July 4 in., Alps; and its varieties alba (white) and pallida (pale kue)frame
ANNUAL
in
Aug.
or
March;
SPECIES:
0.
drabsefolia
in., and
"
74
ENOYCLOPMDIA
GAItDENING.
OF
pyramidalis
its
(Chimney Bellflower),blue, July, 4 to 6 ft., Dalmatia
and
Tariety alba (white); Bainieril, blue, .Tune, 3 ia., Alps; xapanouloides, bluish
Tiolet,June, 3 ft., Alps; Bapnnoulus (Eampion), purple, bine or white, June, 3 ft.,
Europe (Britain); rotnndifolia
8 to 12 in., Britain, and
(Harebell), blue, summer,
its varieties alba
(white) and Hostii
(blue); Traohelium, blue, July, 3 ft., Europe,
and
its varieties
alba
(white), alba plena (doable white) and flore pleno (double
blue); Warleyi, purple, July, 6 In., a hybrid.
Camperdown
Elm
Weeping:
var.
(Ulmua montana
pendula). See Ulmus.
"
Campernelle
Campion.
See
"
Canada
Canadian
Tea
"
Aqui-
legia.
Canadian
Canadian
Flea-bane
"
Rod
"
"
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
Canary
Canary
Canary
0.
Creeper
Grass
campanulata,
orange,
aduncum).
(Tropaeolum
"
(Phalans canariensis).See
"
Bell-flower
Island
(Canarina
Islands.
See Tropseolum.
Phalaris.
campanulata). See
"
Canarina.
(BrnnsvigiaJosephinse).
Candelabra-flower
"
See
Brups-
vigia.
Myrtle
Candle-berry
Bells
Candlemas
Candle
Plant
See
"
Myrica.
Galanthus.
Mustard
Candy
Candytuft.
"
Canna
(MyricaGale).
"
See
Iberis.
Scitamineae.
Stove
herbaceous
Bee
potting time.
trade
lists for
names.
75
ENOYCLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Hardy
Cannabis
(Indian or Giant Hemp)." Ord. TJrticaceae.
annuals.
Orn. foliage.
borders.
GULTTJEE
Propagate
Position, sunny
: Soil, ordinary.
seeds sown
plants are to grow, in April,
Jin. deep outdoors, where
in temp. 55" in March, transplantingseedlings in June.
or
SPECIES
OULTIVATBD:
0. eativa, green,
June, i to 10 ft., India.
Bells
Canterbury
(Campanula medium). See Campanula.
Greenhouse
Cantua
(Peruvian Magic-tree). Ord. Polemoniaceae.
hj
"
"
floweringshrubs.
evergreen
GULTTJEE
: Compost, two
sand.
Position, pots,sunny
First
introduced
1846.
leaf-mould
"
Water
rately
modegreenhouse.
to Sept. Temp., Sept. to March
Sept. to March, freelyMarch
40" to 50"; March
to Sept. 50" to 60".
Propagate by cuttings of shoots
in
silver
in temp. 50" to 55",
under
sand
insprted
hell-glasses
pure
May
to
part
one
Pot, March.
Aug.
SPECIES
folia,
rose.
Cape
Cape
Cape
CULTIVATED:
0. bioolor, yellow and
S ft., Pern.
May,
Aloe
Aster
red, May,
ft.,Bolivia; buii-
(Aloe ferox)."See
Aloe.
See
(Agathseaccelestis).
Agathaea.
(Sutherlandia frutescens).
"
Bladder
Senna
"
See
Sutherlandia.
Cape
Chestnut
Cape
"
Cowslip
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
Cape
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
dron.
See Heliophila.
Stoclc."
Cape
Treasure-flovwer
Cape
(Gazania pavonia)."See Gazania.
Busll
Caper
(Capparisspinosa). See Capparis.
See Euphorbia.
Spurge
Caper
(Euphorbia lathyris)."
Capparis
(Caper-tree). Ord. CapparidacesB. Half-hardy evergreen
"
"
shrubs.
CULTUEE
First
introduced
1596.
CULTIVATED:
SPEOIBS
yields the
oapers
Capsicum
ceae.
Hothouse
Fruit, round,
of
0.
spinosa. white,
commerce.
Jnnefsft.. S.
Enropc.
'^
This
species
vi
red
"
yellow.
76
CULTURE:
March
or
plants
seeds
Propagate by
required
are
SPECIES
Position,
Stoil,ordinary.
April.
GARDENING.
OF
EN070L0PMDIA
Plant,
dryish border.
Jin. deep in April where
open
sown
to grow.
CtTLTIVATED:
0.
aoanlis, white,
June,
Leaves,
acanthifolia,
ornamental-leaved
Stove
Cyclanthacese.
1818.
in., Europe;
green,
divided, palm-like.
tion,
PosiCompost two parts peat, one part sandy loam.
Water
moist, shady.
moderately Nov. to March,
Pot, March.
to Sept.
freely afterwards.
Temp., Sept. to March 55" to 65"; March
time.
65" to 75".
at
of
division
potting
Propagate by
plant
CULTURE
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0.
Drudei,
angiistifolia (Syn. C.
ft., Colombia;
"
"
"
Carpathian
cojum.
Carpenteria
Snowflake
(Leucojum carpaticum)."See
(Californian Mock
Leu-
Ord, Saxifragacese.
1880.
introduced
sheltered
bery
Position,
positionin shrubsouth
wall.
or
Oct.
Nov.
Prune
shoots
or
Plant,
against
away
that have
flowered
blossoms
fade.
directly
Propagate by cuttingsof
in
shoots
inserted
frame
in
cold
from
April; suckers removed
young
in autumn;
roots
shoots in Sept.
lawyering
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. oalifornioa, white, fragrant, June, i ft,, California,
Carpenter's-Leaf
(Galax aphylla)."See Galax
Plant
Carpet
(lonopsidiumacaule). See lonopsidium.
Ord.
Carpinus
(Hornbeam).
Cupuliferse. Hardy deciduous
Orange).
"
First
"
"
foliage.
Soil, ordinary; not adapted
Orn,
trees.
CULTURE:
to
2s,
Uses
Sawmill
rollers
and
skittle
pins.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. Betulus
(Hornbeam). SO
its varieties
aaplenifolia, inoisa (out-leaved), pendula
(golden-leaved) and
Hornbeam,
orientalis, 10
Carrion
Carrot,"
20
variegata (variegated)
;
ft., N,
America;
ft., S, Europe.
Flower."
See
See Daucus.
Carthamus
oaroliniana
can
(Syn. 0. amerioana), Amerijaponioa (Japanese Hornbeam),
15 ft
Japan;
Stapelia.
(DistaffThistle; Safflower).
"
Hardy
annuals.
First introduced
1551.
78
Ord,
Compositse.
ENCYCLOPMDIA
CULTUEE
by
OTP
GARDENING.
Soil, ordinary.
border.
Position, sunny
J in. deep in lightsoil in temp. 65" in March,
seedlingswhere they are to flower in May.
:
seeds
sown
SPECIES
July,
OULTITATED:
3 ft. ;
0.
tinotorius,orange,
Cartwheel
Carum
Propagate
ing
transplant-
Flower
"
1548.
CULTUEE
OP
PARSLEY
Position, partiallyshady;
as
edgings
lin.
loz.
Mabket
"
crop,
under.
as
Cuivture:
in
July for
Seeds to sow
winter
Cut
over
apart.
Market
leaves to form.
handful.
Average
good
CULTUEE
CAEAWAY
OF
winter.
Sow seeds
roll land after sowing.
close by sheep in autumn.
in sacks
Market
once.
15
to 20
winter
and
spring.
cwt.
Petroselinum
(Parsley), yellow, summer,
1 to 2 ft.,
pinkish white, July, 30 in., Europe.
trees.
Carya
(Hickory). Ord. Juglandaceae.
Hardy deciduous
Full
1629.
trees bear
edible nuts
First introduced
similar
to
grown
walnuts.
SPECIES
Sardinia;
CULTIVATED:
Carvi
(Caraway),
C.
"
CULTUEE:
Soil,
ordinary.
or
as
lawns
"
"
GARDENING.
OF
ENGYGLOPMDIA
soil in temp.
small
pots,
SPBOIES
85"
any
in March;
time.
CULTIVATED:
30 to
urens,
Malaya;
Cashmere
Cashmere
Cashmere
Cassandra.
First introduced
O.
40
suckers
elegans,
from
removed
to
roots, inserted
mitis,
ft., Tropics;
10
to
25
ft.,
Larkspur
(Delphinium cashmerianum).
Primrose
(Primula denticulata).
"
Sage
(Salvia hians).
"
Ord.
"
20
in
Ericaceae.
Hardy
See
See
"
phinium.
Del-
See Primula.
Salvia.
evergreen
floweringshruhs.
1748.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
sand.
Position, open
silver
or
sheltered
Plant,
borders, rockeries, or bogs.
to
March.
Prune
shoots
Nov.,
or
Sept.
straggling
only moderately
after flowering. Water
freelyin dry positionsduring summer.
POT
CULTURE:
Soil,"equal parts peat, leaf -mould, " fine silver
sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in cold greenhouse,Nov. to June ; in
Water
June
to Nov.
Pot, Oct. to Nov.
outdoors,
shady position
Nov.
afterwards.
to
March,
freely
Propagate by seeds
moderately,
1-16 in. deep in sandy peat in cold frame, Nov.
March
sown
or
; layering
shoots in Sept. ; division of plants,Oct. or Nov.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. oalyoulata (Syn. Andromeda
calycniata), white,
spring, 3 ft., N. America.
Cassia
(Senna plant)."Ord. Leguminosae. Greenhouse
evergreen
shrubs
and hardy perennials. First introduced
1723.
CULTURE
OP GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
: Compost, two
parts loam,
in
"
sand.
Position, pots
one
greenhouse, or well-drained
part peat
border
Plant
outdoors
Pot, March.
against south wall.
April.
Water
Prune
moderately Nov. to Feb., freelyafterwards.
straggling
shoots to within 2 in. of base in Dec. or Jan.
Temp., Sept. to Mar("
50" to 55" ; March
to Sept. 55" to 65".
HARDY
CULTURE
OF
SPECIES
:
drained.
Soil, ordinary well
borders.
or
Position, sunny
Plant, March
April. Protect in winter
of leaves or ashes.
with covering
\ in. deep
Propagateby seeds sown
in lightsoil in temp. 75" in March
; cuttings of previous year's shoots
inserted in sandy soil under
ceous
bell-glassin temp. 80" in March; herbaspeciesby division in March.
0. oorymbosa,
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
6 to 10 ft., Buenos
yellow, summer,
Ayres.
SPECIES:
C. marylandica,
yellow, Sept., 3 ft., N. America.
There
worth
species, but above are the only ones
growing.
Cassinia
(Golden Bush).- Ord. Compositse.
Hardy evergreen
and
ornamental-leaved
shrub.
flowering
CULTURE
: Soil,ordinary.
Position, sunny, dryish borders.
Plant
HAHDT
other
ai'e
"
Propagate by cuttingsof
in autumn.
soil in cold
SPECIES
tinted,
N.
in
frame
CULTIVATED:
America.
Cassiope.
First introduced
CULTURE:
"
Ord.
young
shoots
inserted
in
sandy
summer.
C.
fuWida, white,
Ericacese.
Hardy
summer,
3 to
evergreen
ft., leaves
flowerino-
Position, moist,
80
shrubs.
"
1798.
golden
shady
beds
or
ENCYOLOPMDIA
borders.
SPECIES
Bypnoides,
OiP
O.
GAEDENIN'G:
in
fastiffiata,
white.
"C.
May, 9 in., Himalayas;
Hegfionsi tetragona, w4iite,Maroh,
'""' "*'"*"' JMgions.
(under generic name
of Androm'eda.
Formerly knows
"k
Castanea
(Sweet or SpanishChestnut)."Ord. Corylaceae.Hardy
deciduous
trees.
Bears edible nuts, which
be separated from
should
the husks
when
latter fall in autumn, then be thoroughly dried in the
sun
or
warm
and
stored in air-tight
oven,
jars or boxes in a cool, dry
place. Young trees much
as
coppice wood for game shelter.
grown
Probably introduced to Britain by Romans.
CUIiTCTRE
: Soil, deep, rich, dry, "
sandy. Position, open, sunny.
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
Propagate by sowing nuts 3 in. deep " 6 in. apart
in open garden in Nov. or Feb,
Transplant seedlingswhen a year old.
Distance
" 5 ft. apart ior underwood.
apart to plant,25 ft, for avenues
Timber
most
valuable
in a young
state ; brittle when
old.
One
bushel
of seed will yield 3,000 plants.
of seeds in a
Number
pound, 115.
white
and
red, June,
in., Arctic
CastanopsiS
Hardy deciduous
Ord.
(Golden-leaved Chestnut).
Cupuliferae.
ornamental-leaved
tree.
CULTURE
loam
:
Position, lawns or
Soil, sandy or well-drained
mixed
shrubberies.
Oct.
March.
to
Plant,
Propagate as advised for
Sweet Chestnut.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
O. ohrysophylla
chryeophylla), N.
(Syn. Castanea
"
America.
Castilleja
(Painted'Cup). Ord.
Scrophularinese, Half-hardy
perennials. Plants with showy bracts.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts ^eat, one part of equal proportions
"
of loam,
in April. Protect
to 65^ in March,
Position, sunny
in winter.
Propagate by
sheltered
seeds sown
Plant
borders.
in temp. 55"
hardening
"
"
is
an
annual.
81
ENGYOLOPJSDIA
Catasetum.
introduced 1822.
CULTTJBE
Orchidaceae.
Ord.
"
GARDENING.
OF
Position, pots
First
orchids.
deciduous
Stove
hanging
or
drained.
Water
growth begins
freely from time new
to Sept.
times.
until leaves fall off, very
little other
Temp., March
65" to 85"; Sept. to March
60" to 70".
Besting period,winter. Flowers
of new
at base
gate
pseudo-bulb when growth is finishing.Propaappear
by division of plant at potting time.
SPECIES
and
OULTITATBD:
0. atratum,yellow, white
parple, July, Brazil;
and
zuela;
Bungerothii, white, spriDCf, Venezuela;
callosum, brown
yellow, June, Veneohrietyanum, red, brown, and green, spring, Trop. America;
macrocarpum,
and
brown
and
purple, spring, Trop. America;
maculatum,
purple, Sept.,
green
Guatemala;
saooatum, purple and yellow, March, Colombia; splendens, white and
There
yellow, spring, Venezuela.
are
others, but above are the best.
Catch-fly
(Silenependula)."See Silene.
Cat
Chop
(Mesembryanthemum
felinum). See Mesembryanthe-
baskets,
well
"
mum.
Catesbsea
Ord. Kubiacese.
Stove
(LilyThorn).
evergreen
floweringshrubs.
CULTURE
" peat, " a little sand.
: Compost, equal parts loam
tion,
Posiwell-drained
Water
pots " plenty of light. Pot in March.
to Sept., moderately
afterwards.
freely March
Temp., 55" to 65"
Oct. to March, 75" to 85" afterwards.
Propagate by cuttingsinserted
in sand under
bell-glassin a temp, of 75" in spring.
"
SPECIES
CULTIVATED."
Cathcartia
S. spinosa,
yellow. May,
10
Ord.
(Cathcart's
Poppy).
ft., W.
Indies.
Papaveraceae.
Hardy
perennial. First introduced 1850.
Soil, ordinary, dryish. Position,sunny,
well-drained
Jin. deep in sandy soil in cold
rockery. Propagate by seeds sown
framein
July,transplantingseedlingsinto small pots in Aug., keeping
in cold frame
them
till planting time.
"
herbaceous
CULTURE:
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Cat-Mint
"
Cat-Thyme
Cat's
Ear
Cat's
Valerian
"
Cattleya.
introduced
CULTURE
O.
(Nepeta Glechoma).
Ord.
"
See Valeriana.
(Valeriana officinalis)."
Stove orchids.
Evergreen.
Orchidaceae.
First
1815.
Compost,
livingsphagnum
two
parts
fibrypeat,one
coarse
part chopped
of
pot.
Nov.
to
Aug.
freelyin
moss,
Water
"
Feb.
three
to
times
March;
weekly
March
to Aug.; once
weekly
month
other
times.
Syringe
to Sept. 65" to 85" ; Sept.to March
60"
Flowers
at top of new
appear
once
Temp., March
Resting period,winter.
directlygrowth is completed. Propagate by division
summer.
to 70".
pots,
above
growth
of
pseudo-bulbs at
pottingtime.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
0.
AolandiK, yellow,
g
purple, summer,
in., British
Honduras;
oitrma,
purple Nov., 2 ft., Brazil;
guttata, yellow and
1 tt., Brazil;
labiata, mauve,
spring,
purple and
bioolor,
purple, Oct., 12
Brazil;
crimson
and
and
green
purple. May
ft., Brazil; bowrineiana
yoUow, April, 4 in.
intermedia, purple
yellow, autumn,
1
in
rosy-
M'eiioo-
and
ft
white
Brazil-
liWata 'dowlana
l^n"w''^r"l"?,;,.''l;^r;,"M''"nM
^"^"^Costarh-^ "","
p"I""mbia;
and
yellow, crimson
gold, Oct., 1 ft. nRioa;
and
yellow,
12
summer,
1
1 ft., Brazi
summer,
;
abiata
in., Venezuela
;
abiata
Eldorado,
luddemanniana, purple.
Vose. and
labiata
gaskelliana,purple and
82
veilow
yellow. May, 1 ft
rose
and
lilac
orange
whit^
yellow"
yellow
M"i
ia
sum
i^
"'
Venezuela
BNOTOLOPMDIA
QAttDtJNlNO.
OP
labiata
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
See
"
Papaver.
Cauliflower."
See
Brassica.
Caulophyllum
Cohosh)."
(Pappoose-root
; Squaw-root; Blue
Berberidacese.
First
duced
introtuberous-rooted
Hardy
perennial.
1755.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, chady. Plant, Nov.
gate
Propato Nov.
by division of roots March
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. thaliotroides, yellow, April, succeeded
by blue
berries in autumn, N. America.
Cayenne
Pepper
(Capsicum annuum). See Capsicum.
Plant
Cayenne
Pepper
sicum.
(Capsicum minimum). See Cap-
Ord.
"
"
CeanothUS
(Mountain
Tea-plant). Ord.
"
Californiau
Sweet;
Ehamuacsse.
1713.
Hardy
"
Lilac; New
Jersey
half-hardyfloweringshrubs.
First introduced
CULTURE
:
Soil, light,ordinary.Position, against south or west
walls or fences outdoors; in pots in cool greenhouse. Plant, Oct. to
shoots away
March.
weak
Prune
Water
Pot, Oct.
entirelyin March.
moderately in pots in winter, freelyin summer.
Propagate by cuttings
3 in. long inserted in pots of sandy soil in cold frame, cool greenhouse
in
in Oct.; layering
strong shoots in Sept., Oct., " Nov.; seeds sown
heat
in spring.
CULTIVATED
0. americanus
(New Jersey Tea), white, July, 5 ft.,
:
americanus
blue, July, 8 to
America;
variegatus, leaves edged yellow; azureus,
10 ft., Mexico;
dentatus, blue. May, 10 ft.,California; divaricatus, blue, July, 4 ft.,
California;
rigidus, blue, July, 4 ft.,
papillosus, blue, June, 3 ft., California;
California; veitchianns,
blue, June, 10 ft., California; thyrsiflora (California
Lilao),blue, July, 9 ft., California.
SPECIES
E.
Cedar.
Cedar
Cedrela
See Cedrus.
"
of
Lebanon
(Cedrus Libani).
(Bastard Cedar). Ord. Meliaceas.
"
"
tree.
on
CULTURE
lawns
:
or
Handsome
'
"
Cedrus.
deciduous
Hardy
namental-lea
or-
habit.
in shrubberies.
See
drained.
well
Plant
iu
Position, sheltered
autumn.
Propagate by
root
flavescens), white
and
cuttings.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
pink, June, 30
Ciedronella
to
SO
sinensis
(Balm
of
Gilead). Ord.
baceousperennials" shrubs.
CULTURE:
Ailanthus
C.
(Syn.
tt., China.
Compost,
two
Labiatae.
1697.
First introduced
"
one
Half-hardy
her-
Leaves
fragrant.
"
part leaf-mould
sand.
Position, pots in sunny greenhouse. Temp., Sept.
Pot, March.
Water
to Sept. 55" to 65".
moderately
50"
to
March
to
55"; March
be grown
other times.
C. triphyllamay
" winter, freely
in autumn
in
soil
S.
of
wall
in
England.
south
Propagate
of
dryish
perenat base
83
nial
GARDENING.
OF
MNCYOLOPJEDIA
speciesby
of young
April, or May.
C.
SPECIES:
PBllBNNIAL
SHRUBBY
SPECIES
C.
triphylla
or
cordata,
blue, July, 3 ft., Mexico;
pallida,rose,
purple, July, '2ift., Mexico;
and
crimson
mexicana,
oana,
oanariensis
(Balm
of
ft.. Canaries.
Cedrus
Deodar;
(Mount Atlas " Silver Cedar; Cedar of Lebanon;
Indian
Hardy evergreen
Cedar; Tountain-tree).^ Ord. Coniferae.
of Lebanon
Wood
of Cedar
trees.
1676.
Orn. foliage. First introduced
in
cedar
used
in ancient
times
Incense.
Oldest
England at
as
not produced by
Cones
Brethby Park, Derbyshire; planted in 1676.
old.
Cedrus
Libani
until tree is 40 to 100 years
vated.
CDLTUEE
:
Soil, rich, deep, sandy. Position, well drained, eleC. atlantica does well in seaside gardens; " all are suitable for
to May.
Propagate by
chalky soils. Plant, Sept. to Nov., or March
of light soil in cold frame
seeds sown
^in. deep in well-drained
pans
in April,transplantingseedlingsoutdoors
following spring.
SPECIES
CULTITATED:
C. atlantica
(Mount Atlas Cedar), 80 to 100 ft., N.
Africa ;
atlantica
argentea,
foliage golden ; atlantica
foliage silvery;
aurea,
deodara
deodara
(Deodar Cedar), 200 to 250 ft., Himalayas;
argentea,
siWeryleayed ; deodara
orassif olia, thick
leaved ; deodara
golden -leaved ; deodara
aurea,
viridis, green-leaved ; Libani
(Cedar of Lebanon), 80 ft., Syria ; Libani
glanoa,
glaucous leaved.
Celandine
(Chelidonium majus). See Chelidouium.
East
"
"
Celandine
Poppy
(Stylophorum diphyllum).
"
See
Stylo-
phornm.
Celastrus
Oelastraceae.
Ord.
(Staff-tree;Climbing Bitter-sweet; Staff-vine)."
Greenhouse
"
deciduous
climbing
hardy
ever^een
shrubs.
First introduced
1722.
Ht. 1 to 10 ft.
OF
CULTURE
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
Compost, equal parts
"
sand.
March.
loam,
Pot,
Position,
peat,
greenhouse. Water
sunny
to
afterwards.
to Sept.
March, freely
moderately Sept.
Temp., March
55" to 65" ; Sept.to March
50" to 55".
Increased
by layers.
CULTURE
OF HARDY
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, walls,
Prune
weak
shoots "
fences, " arbours.
Plant, Oct. to March.
away
in
main
shoots
of
Feb.
of
shoots
in
tips
Propagate by layers
young
"
Nov.
Sept.,Oct.,
SPECIES
GEEENHOUSE
0. articulatns, green,
:
and
June, 15 ft., Ohina
Japan.
HARDY
SPECIES
C. Oriza, grreen,
6 ft., Japan ; Boandens, yellow,
:
summer,
succeeded
berries, climbing, N. America.
by orange
summer,
Celeriac
(Apium graveolens rapaceum). See Apium.
See Apium.
Celery.
CelOSia
Greenhouse
annuals.
(Cockscomb). Ord. Amarantaceae.
1570.
First introduced
CULTURE
CBLOSIAS
OF
: Compost, two
parts fibryloam, one
part
" well-decayedcow
leaf -mould
" Sand.
manure
Position, warm
greenhoase, exposed to light. Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in well-drained
pans
of light soil in temp. 75" in March.
Transplant seedlings1 in. apart
1 in. high in lightsoil in well-drained
when
pots " keep in temp. 60? to
75".
When
seedlingshave formed four leaves place them singlyin 3-in.
pots, transferring them in June to 5 in. pots. Keep plants near
the
roots moderately. Syringe
glass. Water
foliagetwice daily. Liquid
Summer
manure,
apply when flowers appear.
temp., 55" to 65". May
be used for summer
bedding between
and
May
Sept
CULTURE
OF
seeSs'as advised
COCKSCOMBS:
Sow
for
"
"
"
84
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
(Erythrseacentaurium).
Centaury
"
Centaury,
Ord.
introduced
First
Erythrsea.
See
Chlora.
See
(Chlora perfoliata)."
Yellow
Centradenia."
Evergreen.
OAEDENING.
flowering shrubs.
Stove
Melastomaceae.
1840.
tion,
Posiparts peat, one part loam " sand.
March
to
55"
to
March
65";
to
Pot, Eeb.
Temp., Sept.
sunny.
afterwards.
65"
75".
to
Water
March,
to
freely
moderately Sept.
Sept.
Propagate by cuttings of side shoots 2 or 3 in. long inserted in pots of
sandy peat under bell-glassin temp. 85" in Feb. " March.
CULTURE
SPEOIBS
CULTIVATED:
Sept., 18
pink,
Compost,
two
0.
in., Mexico;
Mexico.
Lilac).
(Red Valerian; Spur Valerian; German
" annuals.
Hardy herbaceous
perennials'
CULTURE
rockeries,
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, old walls, sunny
seeds
March
borders.
sown
or
Jin. deep
Plant,
April. Propagate by
in light soil in temp. 55" in March,
transplantingseedlingsoutdoors
Centranthus
Ord. Valerianaceae.
"
spring.
ANNUAL
SPECIES
PERENNIAL
C. macrosiphon,
SPECIES:
C.
ruber
albus, white.
Ord.
Centropogon.
(Britain);
red, July,
ft.,Spain
maoroBiphon
18
albuB,
in., Europe
ruber
"
Campauulacese.
Stove
herbaceous
nial.
peren-
CULTURE
: Compost, egualparts loam,
peat, leaf-mould, " a little
sand.
March.
stove
to
June ; June
to Sept.sunny
Position,
Pot,
Sept.
50"
frame
outdoors.
Oct.
to
Feb.
Feb.
60" to
to
to
June
55";
Temp.,
75".
Water
to
afterwards.
Prune
shoots
moderately Sept.
Feb., freely
close to soil in Feb. when
repotting.Propagate by cuttingsof young
shoots 3 in. long, removed
with a portion of stem
attached, " inserted
in light sandy soil in well-drained
under
bell-glassin temp. 60"
pots
to 70".
2 ft., a hybrid.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. lucyanus, rose, autumn,
Habitat
of the genus
:
Trop. America.
Ord. Legumiuosae. Stove evergreen
Centrosema.
climbers.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf -mould, " silver
sand.
Position, pots on staging,shoots trained up rafters or round a
trellis or jitiots. Pot in March.
Water
freelyin spring " summer;
to Sept. 75" to 85"; Sept.to
moderately in winter.
Temp., March
March
55" to 65".
Propagate by seeds in a temp, of 75" in M^rch;
in a temp, of 85" in summer.
also by cuttings in sand
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
C. Plumieri
(Syn. Clitoria Plumieri), red and white,
"
a'utumn,
ft., S. America.
Plant
Century
Cephalanthera
Orchidaceffi.
Hardy terrestrial orchids.
CULTURE
: Soil,chalky loam.
Position,open " well-drained border.
Plant, Sept. " Oct.
Propagate by division of roots in Sept
"
SPEOIBS
flora),white
of
grand!
Natives
Britain.
Cephalanthus
shrub.
CULTURE:
Oct.
or
SPECIES
Rubiacese.
Nov.
shrubberies.
CULTIVATED:
0.
oooidentalis,white, July,
86
Hardy
duous
deci-
1735.
Oct.
ft., N. America
or
Plant.
BNOYOLOPMDIA
y^\PnAiA.riA,
First
introduced
Ord.
1759.
"
GAUDMNINO.
OF
Dipsaoeae.
Hardy
perennials.
herbaceoua
OULTUEE
: Soil, ordinary. Position,
shrubbery borders or woods.
Plant, March
or
seeds
April. Propagate by
sown
4 in. deep in sunny
positionoutdoors in April, transplautine seedlinss in May.
SPECIES
OULTIVATElf:
0. alpina (Syn. foabiosa
agina),
yelfow,July, 5 ft..
Europe;
CephalOtaxus
(Cluster-flowered
Tew)." Ord. Coniferae. Hardy
conifers.
Orn.
Leaves
foliage. Evergreen. First introduced
1837.
similar to those of Yew.
CULTURE:
shrubberies
Soil, ordinary. Position, sheltered
or
lawns.
Plant, Sept. to Nov. or March
to May.
Propagate by seeds
sown
J in. deep in lightsoil in cold frame in Sept. or March, transplanting
seedlingsoutdoors a year
in sandy soil in shady
light outdoors.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
0.
drupaoea,
to
ft., Japan;
Portuni,
ft.. N.
China;
CephalOtllS
(Australian Pitcher-plant).Ord.
Saxifragaceae.
Greenhouse
herbaceous
1822.
Flowers,
perennial. First introduced
white.
Pitchers, 1 to 3 id. long, dark green, purple," pink.
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts sphagnum
peat, " silver
moss,
fibrjr
sand.
Position, pots or pans, well drained " covered with bell-glass;
45" to 55";
Temp., Oct. to March
shady cool greenhouse or window.
50"
to
March
55".
Water
to Oct.
moderately Sept. to April, freely
afterwards.
Propagate by division of roots in March.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
0. foUionlaris, Australia; 2 to 4 in.
"
(Snow in Summer;
Snow-giant).
perennials. Evergreen " deciduous.
Cerastium
Soil, ordinary.
Position,
Plant, March
Caryophyl-
Ord.
"
lacess. Hardy
CULTURE:
dryishborders,
rockeries
"
edgings to
flower
in June
or
beds.
or
July.
0.
alpinnm, white, June, 3 to 4 in., Britain;
Bieberateinii,white, "June. 6 in., leaves silvery, Asia Minor; Boiserii. white. June.
8 to 9 in., leaves silvery; grandiflorum. white. July. 6 in. ; tomentosum
(Snow in
Summer), white. May. 6 in., leaves silvery,Europe.
Ceratiola
(SandhillRosemarjr). Ord. Empetracese. Half-hardy
First introduced
1826.
shrub.
evergreen
CULTURE:
Soil,two parts sandy peat " loam.
Position, moist,
Plant, A^ril. Propagate by cuttings of shoots
shady, sheltered.
in well drained
3 in. long inserted
pots of sandy peat, under bell-glass,
in June, July, or
in cold frame
Aug. Protection
required in severe
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
"
weather.
First
"
England only.
sown
inserted
in Aug.
SPECIES
deep in
seedlingsoutdoors
or
sandy
Sept.
CULTIVATED
Hardy
walls; suitable
to May.
Sept. to Nov. or March
pots of sandy soil in temp. 85"
Plant,
1 in.
in
evergreen
1570.
introduced
CULTURE:
seeds
eriooides,brown,
Ord. Leguminosae.
(Carob-bean).
Ceratonia
tree.
0.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
in June;
soil under
:
0.
cuttingsof
in cold
bell-glass
for S. "
W.
of
Propagate by
in March, transplanting
firm shoots 4 in. long
frame
or
greenhouse
ENCYCLOPEDIA
CeratopteriS
fern.
Annual.
CULTUEE
(Pod Fem)."
OS'
GARDENING.
Ord.
Filioes.
Stove
water
floating
Position, in
" leaf-mould.
loam
water.
in
tank
of
Sept. to
Temp.,
or
submerged
pans
[arch 55" to 60" ; March
to Sept. 65" to 75".
Propagate by spores sown
in Feb.
as
above; pegging old
surface of compost in pan in water
on
will
which
fronds
of soil from
to surface
plants
grow.
young
SFE0IE8
OXTLTIVAIED:
0. thaliotrioides,Trop. America.
Ord.
Plumbagineae. Hardy
CeratOStisma
(Lead-wort).
of
and
with
creeping roots.
perennial dwarf, shrubby habit,
CULTUEE
Position, sunny
: Soil, sandy loam.
rockery. Plant in
:
Sots
rim
"
autumn
or
SPECIES
division in spring.
plumbaginoidee
(Syn. Plumbago
Propagate by
0.
Larpentse), blue,
ft., China.
autumn,
spring.
OULTITATED;
Cercis
Ord.
Leguminosse. Hardy,
(Judas-tree; Eed-bud).
First
trees.
introduced
1596.
flowering
sheltered
Position, warm
Soil,rich, deep, sandy.
N. of England against south wall.
Plant,
shrubberies, or on lawns.
Oct. to March.
Prune
old
branches
in
Feb.
Propagate by seeds
away
planting
sown
i in. deep in lightsandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March, transin
outdoors
of
shoots
in
June,
or
seedlings
by layers
strong
"
deciduous
CULTUEE:
Sept.
Oct.
or
KPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
C.
canadensis
and
cbinensis. pink. May, 10 ft,, China
or
rose. May, 20 to 25 ft., S. Europe.
Cereus
Greenhouse
Japan;
plants with
Cactaceae.
introduced
1690.
CULTUEE
brick
pounded
or
Compost,
rubbish.
windows.
Pot
two
every
three
or
four
years,
afterwards.
in March.
sand
"
houses
greenWater
month
Sept. to April,once a week
Temp., Sept.to
50" to 55"; March
to Sept., 55" to 65"
Propagate by seeds
in.
in
well-drained
of
soil
sown
in temp. 75" in
i
deep
sandy
pans
in
March, keeping soil moderately moist; cuttings of stems
inserted
small potsof sandy soil kept barely moist in summer
mon
com; grafting on
kind in April.
C. aggregatns, scarlet, Sept., U.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
States; Berlandieri,
purple, Texas; Blanokii,rose, summer,
Mexico;
cserulescens,white, July, Mexico;
flagelliformis,pink, spring, S. America;
*fulgidu8, orange-scarlet, July; 'grandiflorus, white, July, W. Indies; osespitosus, rose, summer,
U. States; enneaoanthns,
purple, July, Texas; Feudleri, purple, June, Mexico; giganteus, colour not known,
California ; leeanns, red, Mexico
; *Lemairii, yellow and
white, June, 'Macdcnaldise,
white
and
red, July, Honduras;
leptacaathus, purple lilac and
Malwhite. May;
lisonii, red, summer,
hybrid;
multiplex, scarlet, summer,
Brazil; pauoispinus,
red
and
New
Mexico;
orange,
summer.
'Napoleonis, yellow and
white
autumn,
Mexico ; *nyctacalis, white, autumn,
Mexico
;
pontalophus, rose
Mexico
peruTianus, red, August, Peru;
pleiogonus, purple-red; polycanthus, tlood-redspring,
Mexico;
procumbens, rosy purple. May, Mexico; reductus. white and rose, summer,
W. Indies; Royenii, rose, spring New
Mexico;
repandns, white, summer,
Grenada*
purple and white, Peru; 'speoiosissimus,crimson, July S America'
serpentinua,
W
Indies; variabilis,
"triang:ulariswhite, Aug.
and
green
red, July. S. America'.'
Those
indicated
are
by an asterisk
night blooming.
Cerinthe
(Honeywort; Wax-plant)."Ord. Boraginaceae. Hardy
annuals
and perennials. First introduced
1570.
once
March
"
'
CULTUEE
borders.
by
seeds
boxes
of
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
well-drained
beds or
perennial species Oct. or April. Propagate annuals
1-16 in. deep in April where
sown
plants are to flower
in
or
lightsandy soil in temp. 55" to 65'" in March, transplanting
:
Plant
88
TIN CYC!
LOT? MB
seedlingsoutdoors in May;
perennialsby seeds similar
thin
GARDENING.
OF
IA
seedlings to
outdoor-sown
to annuals
"
by
2 in.
of roots in
ft., S. Europe;
division
apart;
April.
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
0.
glabra,
yellow, July, 1 to 2
aspera,
yellow and violet, June, 1 ft., Alps; major, yellow and purple, July, 1 ft., Alps;
minor, yellow, June, 12 to 18 in., S. Europe; retorta, yellow and violet, July, 18 in.,
Greece.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
Ceropegia..
0. maonlata,
Ord.
"
Asclepiadese.
Ornamental-leaved.
CULTURE
leaf -mould, " silver
: Compost, equal parts peat, loam,
roof
of greenhouse,or
sand.
baskets
from
Position,
or
pots suspended
March
in rockeries; sunny.
March.
Water
Pot,
moderately between
55"
to
65",
March
to
afterwards.
" Sept.,occasionally
Sept.
Temp.,
inserted
shoots
of
slender
45" to 50".
afterwards
Propagate by cuttings
in silver sand, in well-drained
pots, in a temp, of 65" in spring.
3 to
and
CULTIVATED:
0. elegans, white, brown,
purple, summer,
SPECIES
3 ft.. Natal;
4 ft., India; Sandersonii, green,
VVoodii, white and purple,
autumn,
2 to 3 ft.,S. Africa.
summer,
Ord.
Cestrum
(Bastard Jasmine; Night-blooming Jasmine).
duced
introFirst
shrubs.
Greenhouse
Solanaoeae.
Evergreen.
flowering
"
1787.
CULTURE
two
parts loam, one
part leaf -mould " sand.
trained
beds
with
shoots
on
wall, pillars,or roof of
Position,pots or
into
March.
Prune
Temp., Sept. to
shape, Feb.
greenhouse. Pot,
55"
Water
60".
to
March
to
40"
50"
March
to
moderately in
Sept.
;
of
side shoots
times.
other
winter, freely
Propagate by cuttings
inserted in
old
with
of
stem
removed
attached,
in.
3 or 4
long,
portion
75"
in
65"
to
in
soil
well-drained
July, Aug., or
temp.
pots of sandy
Compost,
Sept.
10
ft., Mexico;
name
of
Habrothamnus.
Asplenium.
Ord. Scrophulariacese. Half-hardy
"
Chsenostoma.
shrubs.
orange-yellow,June, 5 ft.,Guatemala;
Newellii, crimson, June, 10 ft. Formerly
C. aurantiaoum,
OULTITATED:
SPECIES
"
introduced
First
1816.
Ht.
4 in. to
herbs
"
2 ft.
beds or
doors
borders outin
winter.
in
Plant
outdoors
May to Oct., greenhouse or
in.
in
seeds
1-10
soil
in
sown
deep
light
temp.
Propagate by
May.
65" to 70" in March;
cuttingsinserted in well-drained pots of sandy
in Sept.
soil in greenhouse or cold frame
C. cordata, white, June, 18 in. ; fastigiata, rose, sum
OULTITATED
:
SPECIES
6 in.; fastigiata alba, white;
hispida, lilac, July, 6 in.; linifolia,yellow
mer,
4 in.
Natives
S. Africa.
Sept., 1 ft. ; polyantha, lilac and yellow, summer,
Chzerophyllum
(Bulbous-rootedChervil)."Ord. Umbelliferae
Roots
carrot-like
Hardy esculent vegetable. First introduced 1726.
sweet
cooked
"
served
carrots.
as
;
yellowishwhite,
beds outdoors.
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary. Ppsition,sunny
Propa
in
in.
drills
seeds
1
1
ft.
sown
deep
apart in Aug.,Sept.," Oct
gate by
Lift roots in Aug., " store
Thin out seedlingsto Sin. apart in May.
in dry, dark places until requiredfor use.
them
See
0. bulbosum, white, June, 1 ft., S. Europe.
also
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
CULTURE
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
frame
"
the
genus
Anthrlscus.
Fern
(Woodwardia radicans). See Woodwardia.
Flower
See Narcissus.
Chalice
(Narcissus pseudo-narcissus).
Plant
Chalk
(Gypsophilapaniculata). See Gypsophila.
ing
flowerOrd. Bosaceae.
Chamsebatia.
Half-hardy evergreen
Chain
"
"
"
"
shrub.
CULTURE
First
:
introduced
Compost,
two
1859.
parts loam,
89
one
part peat
"
sand.
Posi-
rockeries
frame
moderately
in
OtJLTIVATBD
SPECIES
3 ft., California.
0. foliolosa
Chamsecyparis.
Chamsedorea.
foliage. First
CULTTJEE:
See
Ord.
"
"
introduced
S. of
outdoors
in
summer
55"
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
in
in
England.
winter, freely in
soil in cold
sandy
Cupressus.
Palmacese.
Stove
palms.
Ornamental
1846.
deep
in above
compost
in
OULTITiCTED:
gracilis,10 ft., Mexico.
SPECIES
Chamsepeuce.
Chamserops
85" in March.
elatior,9 in.,Mexico; elegans,
tion,
Posimoderately
March
lin.
pots, in temp.
C.
"
summer,
See
to 10
ft.,Mexico;
Cnicus.
"
Chandelier
Flower
(Brunsvigia Josephinse).
"
See
Bruns-
vigia.
Chapiet
Chaste
"
Flower
Tree
Chatham
See Myosotidium.
Cheddar
Cheilanthes
Pink
See Dianthus.
(Dianthus crosius)."
(CalifornianLace Fern; Lip Fern).
Ord. Filices.
Stove " greenhouse ferns.
First introduced
1775.
two
CULTTJEE
: Compost,
" silver sand.
parts peat, one part loam
Position, pots in shade.
Pot, Feb. or March.
Water
moderately Oct.
to Feb., freely afterwards.
55"
Temp., stove species,Sept. to March
to 65", March
to Sept. 65" to 75" ; greenhouse, Sept. to March
45" to
to Sept. 55" to 65".
50", March
to
Propagate by spores similar
Adiantum.
GEEBNHOtrsE
SPECIES:
0. argentea, 6 to 8 in., N. Asia, etc.; califoTnioa
(Californian Lip Pern), 6 in., California (also known
as
Hypolepis oalif ornioa);
Clevelandii
(Cleveland's Lip Fern), 12 in., N. America;
N
AmericaEatonii, 6 m.
fragrans, 2 to 4 ins., S. Europe ; hirta, 4 to 8 in.. Cape, Mexico, etc. ; Lindhemeri,
3 to 6 m.,
Texas; miorophylla (Plumier's Lip Fern), 6 to 8 in., N. America;
pulvjsoida
ohella, 9 in., Madeira;
(Sticky Lip Pern), 6 in., N. Ajnerioa
STOVE
SPECIES:
0. ohlorophylla, 12 In., S. America;
farinosa,6 to 8 in., Abyssinia,
Ja-va, etc.; myriophylla (Lace Forn), Syn. 0. elegans, 4 to 8 in
Trop
America;
radiata, 9 to 13 in., Trop. America; tenuis, 1 ft.,Mexico
Cheiranthus(Gilliflower;
Wallflower)."Ord. Crucifera). Hardy
perennials. Of biennial duration only ou heavy soils. Flowers, single
" double, fragrant.
"
90
ENOTOLOPMDIA
CULTURE
OF
heavy;
too
WALLFLOWERS
add lime or
Sow
either
old walls.
OF
:
old mortar.
broadcast
or
each
in
bed
OARDENINO.
not
or
of firm
foot
way,
or
apart in Sept.
so
or
"
"
in
Aug.
"
Stept.
SPECIES
purple, Aug.,
CULTIVATED:
4 ft., N.
C.
America;
ft., N. America;
ft., N. America.
Lyoni,
Ord.
Spinach).
(Good King Henry; Wild
",
k
annuals.
C.
Bonus-Henricus
Hardy
perennials
Chenopodiaceae.
substitute
for Spinach.
C. Quinoa grown
sometimes
as
a
KING
GOOD
HENRY
: Soil, good, well
trenched, "
CULTURE
OF
1
Sow
seeds
in. deep in
manured.
Position,
dryish,
sunny.
liberally
drills 12 in. apart in April. Thin
seedlings out to 9 in. apart in May.
Gather
shoots
with thin layer of manure.
Cover bed in October
young
leaves in May " June
in lieu of
for asparagus;
in April as substitute
3 or 4 years.
beds every
spinach. Renew
SPECIES:
ANNUAL
Position,
Soil, ordinary.
OP
CULTURE
in April. Thin
seeds outdoors
Sow
borders.
beds
seedlings
or
sunny
to make
out points of shoots
bushy plants.
to 18 in. apart. Pinch
Position, open garden.
: Soil, ordinary.
C. QUINOA
OF
CULTURE
Chenopodium
"
91
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Sow
seeds
in drills 1 in.
of
few
deep
" 2 ft.
Gather
weeks.
OABDENINO.
onwards
March
from
apart
eat
at
tervals
in-
spinach.
like
0. Bonus-Henrious
SPECIES:
(Good King Henry), 3 ft., Britain.
0. purpurasoens
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
(Syn. 0. Atripliois),reddish purple, Aug.,
C. Quinoa, 4 to 6 ft., Peru.
3 ft., leaves and
shoots
-violet, China:
rosy
PERENNIAL
meleagris).
(Fritillaria
Daffodil
Chequered
"
See
Fritil-
See
Helio-
laria.
Cherimoyer
Cherokee
Rose
Cherry.
See
"
Cherry
"
Prunus.
Laurel
(Prunus Laurocerasus). See Prunus.
Pie-flovwer
(Heliotropium peruvianum).
"
Cherry
"
tropium.
Plum-tree
(Prunus
See Anthriscus.
Cherry
Chervil.
cerasifera).See
Prunus.
"
"
Chervil,
Bulbous-rooted."
See Chserophyllum.
See Gastanea
" .Xsculus.
See Cichorium.
Fern
(Dicksoniaregalis).See Dicksonia.
Arbor-vitse
See Libocedrus.
(Libocedrus chiliensis).
See Kolana.
Bell-flower.
Crocus
(TecophilseaCyanocrocus). See Tecophilaea.
Flower
Glory
(Eccremocarpus scaber). See Eccre-
Chestnut.
"
Chicory.
"
Chignon
"
Chilian
Chilian
"
"
Chilian
"
Chilian
"
mocarpus.
Chilian
Chilian
Chilian
Box
Gum
(Escalloniarubra). See Escallonia.
Pine-tree
(Araucaria imbricata). See Araucaria.
See
SarPitcher-flower
(Sarmienta repens).
"
"
"
mienta.
Chili
Jasmine
Chili
Nettle
"
"
"
"
Ericaceae.
1752.
CULTUEE:
Hardy
dwarf
herbaceous
Compost, two
shadj rockery outdoors.
of
plants
in
First
perennials.
parts leaf-mould,
Plant, April.
one
part
introduced
sand.
Propagate by
tion,
Posi-
division
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
umbellate, white
and
"
"
vulgaris).
"
China
Creeper
Chinaman's
(Quamoclit
vulgaris)."See
Breeches
(Dicentra
Bicentra.
China
Rose
See
(Rosa indica)."
92
Rosa.
Ipomcea.
Quamoclit.
spectabilis).
"
See
GAMDENING.
OF
ENGTGLOPMDIA
and
its Tarieties
gigantea
Luoilise, blue
Minor,
and
white, March, 6 in., Asia
6 in., eardensis, blue, March, 6 in.,
(Syn. AUenii) and
grandiilora, liolet, March,
white
and
and
lilac, April, Crete.
Tmoli, blue and
white, April, 6 in. ; nana,
herbaceous
Liliacese.
Ord.
Half-hardy
Chionog^raphis.
"
perennial.
First
introduced
1880.
deep in
division
above
compost
of roots
SPECIES
in
in
pot,
pan,
or
box
in March,
in cold
frame;
Sept.
CtTLTIVATBD:
1 ft., Japan.
C. japonioa, white. May,
Ord. Gesneriacese.
Stove herbaceous
green
perennial " everplants. First introduced
1840.
OULTUBE
:
Compost, equal parts peat " leaf-mould, half a part
"
half
Shake
loam,
a
Pot, Feb.
fibry
part of silver sand " charcoal.
soil
"
old
from
in
small
loots
into
put
pots first,shifting
away
larger
size when
Water
moderately at first,increasing
plantsbegin to grow.
tion,
Posisupply when plants grow freely; keep nearly dry Oct. to Feb.
shelf near
artificial
be
on
or
manure
glass. Liquid
applied
may
when
flower buds
Temp., Nov. to Feb. 55" to 65" ; Feb. to Nov.
appear.
70" to 85".
in well-drained
Propagate by seeds sown
pots of above
March.
of
in
Cover
seeds
with
sand, place a square
compost
sprinkle
of glassover
rately
each pot " put latter in temp. 75" to 85".
!Keepsoil modemoist.
when
three
leaves
into
formed
are
Transplant seedlings
be propagated also
small pots " treat as advised
for old plants. Can
by large leaves, cutting their main ribs through " laying undersides
of sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75" in summer.
on
pans
C. depressa, violet,July, 6 to 8 in., China; Horsefleldii,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
white
and
purple, Sept., 18 in., Java;
lilacina, white, blue, and yellow, BQmmer,
18
in., Chiriqui; Moonii, blue and purple, ,Tune, 2 ft., Ceylon; einensis, lilac,
July, 6 in., China;
Walkeri, yellow, June, 18 in., Ceylon; zeylanioa, purple, June,
18 in., Ceylon.
See Allium.
Chives."
Ord.
Chlidanthus.
Amaryllidacese. Half-hardy herbaceous
First
introduced
1820.
plant.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
; Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould, loam,
" silver sand.
well-drained
outdoors.
bed or border
Position, warm,
Plant bulbs 3 in. deep in April. Lift bulbs in Oct. " store them
in sand
in frost-proofplace during winter.
CULTURE
POT
bulbs 1 in. apart " 2 in. deep in above com: Plant
post
in
in.
5
m
April. Water
pots
moderately first,freely when in
in cold frame
Grow
active growth.
cool greenhouse: Withhold
or
from
roots after Sept. until repottingtime.
water
Propagate by offsets
in April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. fragrans, yellow, fragrant, June, 10 in., Peru.
Chlora
Yellow-wort)
(Yellow Centaury;
Ord.
Gentianareac.
Suitable
for largegardens only.
Hardy biennials.
CULTURE:
Soil, heavy loam.
Position, moist borders.
Propagate
in July, transplanting
J in. deep in shady beds outdoors
by seeds sown
seedlings into flowering positionsin Oct.
C.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
imporfoliata, yellow, June, 1 ft.; perfoliata,
yellow, June, 1 ft., Britain.
ChloriS."
Ord. Gramineae.
florescen
Hardy annual floweringgrasse.'i. Insuitable for winter
decorations.
Cut
and
dry when
fully
Chirjta.
"
"
"
developed.
CULTURE
in
outdoors
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
April.
94
borders.
Sow
seeds
ENOYOLOPJSDIA
REGIES
CULTIVATED:
0.
Chlorog^alum
burbata,
1819.
Soil, light.Position,south
deep
and
3 in.
apart
in Oct.
Propagate by
offsets planted
sown
i in. deep in well-drained
pots of
SPECIES
GULTITATED:
C. pomeridianum,
years.
GARDENING.
OF
Chlorophytum.
foliage. First
Ord.
1751.
"
introduced
or
Plant
Eeplant
every
old bulbs;
soil in March.
and
purple, June,
by
similarly to
sandy
white
Liliaceae.
Greenhouse
three
seeds
fornia.
ft., Cali-
plants.
Orn.
CULTUKE
SPECIES
white,
CULTIVATED
12
summer,
"variegatum),leaves
18
and
0. elatum
(Syn. Antherioum
Phalangium elatum),
in., S. Africa; elatum
variegatum
(Syn. Authericum
variegated with
white; orchidastrum, white, July,
creamy
:
to
18
in.,Trop. Africa.
Chocolate-tree
(Theobroma cacoa).
"
Choisya
(Mexican
flowering shrub.
Ord.
Orange-flower).
First introduced
1825.
"
See Theobroma.
Eutacese.
Hardy
green
ever-
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould,
S " W. of England " Ireland,
Position, sheltered shrubberies
south
walls
N.
of
Prune
Plant, Oct. or March.
against
England.
after flowering,shorteningstragglingshoots only.
POT
CULTURE:
Water
Pot, Sept. or Oct.
Compost as above.
" sand.
freely afterwards.
Keep plants in cool
of time
outdoors.
May, remainder
Propagate by
cuttingsof shoots 3 in. long inserted in well-drained pots of sandy soil
under
to June.
in temp. 55" to 65", March
bell-glass
SPECIES
to
C.
CULTIVATED:
Chokeberry
Choke
Chorizema.
Evergreen.
CULTURE
ternata,
white,
summer,
ft., Mexico.
"
"
First
introduced
1803.
in
pots
of
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
C. oordatum, red and
yellow, April, 1 ft., Australia;
scarlet, May, 2 ft.,
diversifolium, orange-red. May, 2 ft. ; Australia ; Henohmauni,
varium
Australia; illicifolium, yellow, May, 3 ft., Australia;
(Syn. 0. Ohandlerii),
yellow and red. May, 4 ft., Australia.
Christmas
Christmas
Christ'S-Eye
Chrysanthemum
See Ruellla.
Helleborus.
(Helleborus niger).-^See
Inula.
See
(Inula Ooulus-Christi).
Pride
Rose
(Ruellia macrantha).
"
"
Corn
Marigold;
Shasta
annual, herbaceous
GARDENING.
OF
ENOTOLOP^DIA
CompositEe. Greenhouse,
shrubby plants. First introduced
Daisy).
"
perennial
"
Ord.
rich.
hardy
1764.
Position,
ANNUAL
:
OP
Soil, ordinary,
seeds Jin. deep in
Sow
Plant
seedlings out in May.
sunny.
afterwards
65"
70"
in
boxes
to
March,
planting
of light soil in temp.
lings
seedlingsout; or similar depth where plants are to flower. Thin seedin
Gather
seed
to 3 in. apart iu June.
Aug.
plant
Transseed as above.
ANNUAL
SPECIES
CULTURE
OP
POT
: Sow
seedlingswhen 2 in. high at rate of four in a 5 in. pot, or seven
6 in. pot.
or
in
a
Compost, two parts good soil, one part leaf-mould
SPECIES
CULTURE
open,
"
decayed manure
Water
moderately.
weak
liquidmanure
sand.
Thin
when
flower
or
greenhouse.
wanted.
Give
CULTURE
MARGUERITES
OP
: Compost,
equal parts loamy soil
serted
silver
sand.
and
fourth
Propagate
by cuttings inleaf-mould,
part
with
in
Cover
bell4-in.
three
or
m
a
pot
April.
pot,
singly,
glassor place in propagator. Pot cuttings when rooted in 3 in. pots,
Stand
from
into 5 in. iu August.
plants in full sun
shifting them
thence
into
from
to
in
cold
then
to
frame
Nov.,
house
greenSept.,place
July
Water
heated
to temp. 50" to 55".
moderately. Give liquid
Throw
when
manure
plants away when a year old,
pot is full of roots.
"
raise
fresh
CULTURE
stock
OF
from
INDOOR
cuttings.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS:
Classes:
curved,
In-
post,
Japanese, flowers large,petalslooselyarranged, variouslyshaped. Comone
decayed tree leaves,
three-partsfibryloam, one horse manure,
solved
of dissilver sand, quarter part finelyground bones, same
one
coarse
" wood
ashes " little soot.
Pot first
bones, one
part charcoal
time in 3 in. pots, March; second, in 5 or 6 in., middle
of April; third,
of June.
in 8 or
10 in., middle
Stop main stems 4 in. from Ijase in
tion
March
for ensuring bushy plants; those to produce blooms
for exhibileave untouched.
Cut down
for dwarfs
to within
plants intended
Thin
flower buds to one
each shoot when
6 in. of pot in May.
on
they
size of radish seed.
Stand
are
plants in full sun May to Sept.,then
Water
to greenhouse.
remove
freely while outdoors, moderatelyin
when
" continue
flower buds
form
greenhouse. Apply liquidmanure
till flowers open. Propagate by cuttings issuing from
roots, inserting
these
singly m 2 in. pots in temp. 55" to 65" in Jan., Feb., or March,
in Dec. ; by seeds sown
in cold frames
or
iin. deep in lightsoil in temp.
down
After floweringcut stems
" place plants in cold
65" in March.
frame
to produce cuttings, after which
plant out in garden or discard.
:
Temp, for plants whilst in flower, 45" to 50". Suitable liquidmanures
of soda, J oz.
to gall,of water
Nitrate
teaof
ammonia,
sulphate
i
;
a
week; sheep
spoonful to gall.; guano, Joz. to gall. all three once
" cow
dung, peck of each " J peck of soot to 36 galls,of water, to be
weekly.
appliedhalf diluted once
"
OUTDOOR
C5HRYSANTHEMUMS
nary.
:
Soil, good ordibeds or borders.
Plant out 3 ft. apart in May.
6 in. high, then allow plantsto
Stop shoots when
naturally. Do
grow
Water
Give liquidmanure
not disbud.
freelyin summer.
Julv to Sept.
OP HARDY
CULTURE
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
; Soil, ordinary rich.
borders.
PosHion, sunny
Plant, autumn
or
and
spring. Lift,
CULTURE
OP
Position, sunny
divide,
98
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
OARDENINO.
OF
third year.
or
Increased by division in autumn
spring;
in
cold
frame
iu
iu
in
heat
seeds
cuttings
summer
spring.
;
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
2 ft., N. Afriea;
0. oaiinatnm, white
and
purple, summer,
ooronarium, white, summer,
3 ft., S. Europe;
(Corn Marigold), yellow,
segetum
18 in., Europe
summer,
(Britain); segetum grandiflorum, yellow.
HABDT
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
ooooineum
roseum), scarlet,
: 0.
(Syn. Pyrethrum
2 to 3 ft.,Oaueasus, parent
of pyrethrums
of the single and
double
race
summer,
3 ft., S.W.
(Coloured Marguerites); laoustre
(Marsh Oz-eye), white, summer,
maximum
2 ft., Europe;
Europe; leuoanthemum
(Ox-eye Daisy), white, summer,
3 ft.; uipponicum, white, 2 ft.,
(large Ox-eye or Shasta
Daisy), white, summer,
Japan;
uliginosum (Grand Ox-eye), Syn. Pyrothrum
summer,
uliginosum, white,
5 ft.. Eastern
2 ft.,
Parthenicum
autumn,
Europe;
(Feverfew), white, summer,
Europe.
TENDER
SPECIES:
C. indionm
(Japanese Chrysanthemum),
parent of ordinary
China and
ehrysanthemnms,
Japan; frutesoens
(Marguerite or Paris Daisy), white
or
yellow, 3 ft., summer,
partheniCanary Islands; pealtum (Syn. 0. Pyrethrum
folium
leaves yellow, Caucasus.
anream), Oolden
Feather, white, summer,
See Bulbinella.
Chrysobactron."
ing
flowerOrd. Compositae. Greenhouse
Chrysocoma.
evergreen
First introduced
1731.
shrub.
Fos'CULTUBE:
Compost, equal parts peat, loam " silver sand.
March.
of
tion, well-drained ^ots in sunny
Pot,
greenhouse.
part
Water
freelyin spring " summer,
moderatelyother seasons.
Temp.,
45*^to 50".
March
to Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to March
Propagate by
in spring.
cuttingsof firm shoots in silver sand under bell-glass
SPECIES
OULTITATED
yellow, July, 2 ft., S. Africa. See also
: 0. Coma-aurea,
replant every
"
the
genus
Aster.
ChrysOSOnum
baceous
her-
Compositae. Hardy
perennial.
CULTURE:
Compost,
moist
borders.
of roots in March.
Plant, Oct.
shady
division
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
0.
(Golden
ditches.
water-courses
or
of plants in March.
CULTIVATED:
or
tion,
Posi-
Propagate by
America.
in., N.
Saxifragaceaa.
Saxifrage). Ord.
Soil, boggy peat. Position, damp " shady
Plant, Oct. or March.
Propagate by division
Chrysoplenium
Hardy perennial herbs.
SPECIES
leaf-mould.
"
March.
"
alternifolium, yellow,
C.
summer,
in., N.
sphere
Hemi-
"
deciduous
Stove
Ord. Orchidaceae.
ChysiSi
epiphytal orchids.
First introduced
1834.
" potsherds.
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts fibry peat, moss,
in
blocks
of
wood
Pot,
Position, well-drained
or
partialshade.
pots
to
March
afterwards.
after flowering. Water
Sept.,moderately
freely
to Sept. 65" to 75".
55" to 60"; March
Resting
Temp., Sept. to March
after
Flowers
winter.
on
new
resting.
growths
directly
period,
appear
Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsin Feb. or March.
1 ft., Colombia
C. aurea,
CULTIVATED
yellow, spring and summer,
SPECIES
:
;
and
Chelsoni, yellow and purple,
yellow, spring, 1 ft., Mexico;
bractescens, white
and
May,
hybrid; Limmingheii,
rose,
spring, 1 ft., hybrid; langleyensis,white
yellow and purple, spring, 1 ft. Mexico.
See Dicksouia.
Cibotium.
CibOUl
Onion
(Allium fistulosum). See Allium.
"
"
"
Cichorium
(Chicory;
Witloof;
salad
forced,
"
Endive). Ord.
"
Compositae.
vegetables.
Roots
used
for salad.
,
97
when
dry
for
with
mixing
VAEDENINO.
OF
MNOYOLOPMDIA
first week
trees.
Sow seeds ^ in. deep in drills 15 in. asunder
in
No
row.
in.
8
to
Thin
when
inch
apart
an
seedlings
high
them
"
store
in
Nov.
Lift
roots
artificial
manures
required.
liquidor
roots
in dry soil or sand in outhouse.
Force leaves for salad by placing
close together in large pots or deep box, using ordinary soil. Put pots
Gather
blanched
boxes
in temp. 55" to 65", " keep quite dark.
or
away from
in May.
leaves when
three
Field
Culture
potatoes or wheat.
op
JBIT.
blanched
Leaves
when
used
for salads.
OF
ENDIVE:
Soil, light rich. Position, open
garden or on south or west borders.
for early crop, July
Sow
seeds J in. deep in drills 4 in. apart in June
for raaincrop, Aug. for late crop.
Transplant seedlings when they
Water
formed
four leaves 12 in. apart each way.
have
freelyin dry
Blanch
weather.
early crop in Aug., main crop in Sept., late crop in
Oct. by covering each plant by slate, tile,board, or inverted
pot with
drainage hole plugged. Lift remainingplants in Nov. " store close
ing.
blanchtogetherin cold frame, coveringthem with dry leaves to ensure
Seed two or three years old yield the dwarfest
plants.
CULTIVATED:
0. intybus
SPECIES
(Chicory), blue, July, 2 ft., Britain;
ISiS.
Introdnoed
eadivia
(endive),bine, July, 2 ft.. Orient.
returns
per
acre,
OULTUEE
Cimicif
(Snake-root;Bug-bane; Bugwort).
UgrSL
"
Ord. Banuncu-
perenniafa.Introduced
1737.
laceae. Hardy
moist
Plant,
CULTURE:
Soil,ordinary. Position,
shady borders.
seeds
in
1-16
March
in.
sown
light
Propagate by
deep
Oct., Nov., or
in Sept.;division of roots in March.
soil in cold frame
cordiCULTIVATED:
C. americana, white, Aug., 3 ft., N. America;
SPECIES
davurioa, white, July, 4 ft., China; elata,
folia, white, Jnly, 3 ft., N. America;
foetida, white, July, 2 ft., Europe; racemosa,
white, July, 3 ft., N. America;
white, Aug., 3 ft., N. America.
See Nothochlsena.
Cincinalis.
See Senecio.
Cineraria.
Fern
Cinnamon
(Osmunda cinnamomea). See Osmunda.
Root
Cinnamon
(InulaGonyza). See Inula.
Rose
Cinnamon
(Bosa cinnamomea). See Bosa.
See Poteutilla.
Cinque-foil.
Cirrhopetalum
(Medusa's Head
Orchid)."Ord. Orchidaceae.
orchids.
First introduced 1839.
Stove epiphytalevergreen
herbaceous
"
"
"
"
"
"
CULTtJEE:
tion,
Compost, equal parts fibrous peat " sphagnum. Posiwell-drained pots, baskets, or blocks of wood, in partial shade.
Water
freelywhen plants are growing, moderately other
Pot, March.
Oct.
55" to 65"; March
to March
times.
to Oct. 65" to 75".
Temp.,
division
of
ter.
pseudo-bulbsin March.
Propagate by
Bestingperiod,winFlowers
after
appear
at
base
of
resting period.
SPECIES
ameaianum,
CULTIVATED;
0.
88
BNCYGLOP^DIA
OF
GARDENING.
care
CiSSUS."
Cistus
See
Yitis.
(Eock Rose;
hardy
evergreen
CULTTJRE:
shrubs.
Gum
Cistus)."Ord.
First introduced
Cistacese.
Hardy
half-
"
1548.
Soil,good ordinary.
cold
Position, pots in frame
or
rockeries
or
against south walls. Plant, March.
in severe
Protect
weather.
1-16 in. deep
Propagate by seeds sown
in boxes of sandy soil in cold frame
unheated
or
greenhouse in March,
transplantingseedlingsinto small pots " planting outdoors in June ;
by cuttings 4 in. long in pots of sandy soil in Sept. in cold frame or
greenhouse, sunny
greenhouse.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
C. albidus, white, 2 ft.,S.W.
Europe; orispus, purple,
ft.,S. Europe; oyprius, white, 4 ft., Cyprus; florentinue,white, 4 ft., 8. Europe;
ladaniferus, white, 4 ft., S.W.
Europe; ladaniferus
albiflorns,white; ladaniferus
and
maculatus, white
purple; laurifolius,white, 4 ft., S.W.
Europe; longifolius
white, 8 ft., S.W. Europe; purpureus,, purple, 2 ft., Levant;
monspeliensis, white,
3 ft., S. Europe.
Citron
var.
cedra). See Citrus.
(Citrusmedica
Citron-scented
Gardenia
(Miriostigma axillaris). See
"
"
Miriostigma.
Citron-scented
See
Geranium
(Pelargonium citriodorum)."
Pelargonium.
Citron-scented
Orchid
(Odontoglossum citrosmum).
"
See
Odontoglossum.
Citrus
(Orange; Lemon; Shaddock; Adam's Apple; Lime; Citron;
Greenhouse
shrubs.
Forbidden
Fruit). Ord. Rutacea).
evergreen
to
First introduced
1595.
Flowers, white, fragrant ; May
July. Fruit :
Sweet
Orange, golden rind, globular; Lemon, pale yellow, rind thin,
oblong; Citron, yellow, thick rind, long, egg-shaped, lump at tip;
Shaddock, greenishyellow, bitter rind, large, round; Lime, greeiiiBh
rind, globular,with nippleat top; Mandarin, reddish
yellow,smooth
St.
red
dark
rind,
pulp, large; Tangerine, syn. with Mandarin;
red
large.
rind,
globular,
Michael's,
two
: Compost,
CULTURE
parts good turfy loam, one part dry cow
.
"
or
April.
beds, all
to
pots
bv
erraftingin
March.
SPECIES
America;
Orange)
lIULTITATED:
anrantium
C.
aurantium
berga.mia (Bergamot
"
99
e2
major
is
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYGLOP^DIA
nobilis
tangerana
be grown
whioh
may
(Maudaria
Orange);
shrub
hardy evergreen
trifoliata
C.
(Tangerine Orange).
outdoors.
ciduous
(Yellow-wood Tree). Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy deFirst introduced
1812.
flowering shrubs.
CULTUEE:
shrubberies, or singly
Soil, ordinary. Position, open
CladrastiS
lawns.
on
ordinary
spring.
"
Plant,
Oct.
soil outdoors
to Feb.
in
1 in.
deep
outdoors
in
in
CULTIVATED:
0. amarensis, vrhite,July, 6 ft.,Amurland;
SPECIES
tinotoria,
States.
white, July, IS ft., United
First introduced
Clarkia^
Ord. Onagrariaese. Hardy annuals.
"
1826.
N.W.
America.
Soil, light,rich.
Numerous
superior varieties
described
Clary
(Salviasclarea). See Salvia.
Ord. Portulacaceae.
ClaytOnia.
Hardy
in
trade
lists.
"
"
annuals
"
perennials.
First introduced
1768.
OULTUEE:
Soil, for annual
peat
or
bog.
species,
ordinary;for perennials,damp
der
species; moist " shady borin
March.
or
Oct.
perennials
Propagate
in April; perennialsby seeds
outdoors
for
perennials. Plant
speciesby seeds sown
or
by offsets in Oct.
similarly,
annual
or
March.
0. perfoliata,
white, June, 6 in., N. America;
pink, JUarch, 6 in., N. America.
FBBENNIAL
SPECIES:
0. oaroliniana, pink, ilay, 6 in., N. America;
white, April, 6 in., N. America.
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
sihirica,
virginioa,
Clematis
Greenhouse
(Virgin'sBower). Ord. Ranunculaceae.
All
and hardy climbers and herbaceous
perennials.
very showy plants.
CULTURE
SPECIES
CLIMBING
OF HARDY
: Soil,rich,deep,welldrained
and
loam
containing plenty of old mortar
decayed manure.
old
tree
trellises,
Position, sunny
arches,
stumps, arbours, etc.; also
in beds with shoots trained over
surface.
Plant
in autumn
or
spring.
in Feb.
Prune
and Lanuginosa
Florida,
Montana,
Patens,
Pruning:
kinds
as
only need to have weak shoots removed
they flower on the
Coccinea
kinds
old wood.
and
require weak
growths
tips of strong
removed.
Viticella and Jackmanni
ones
previous
require
year's
groups
Peed nealthyplants
shoots to be cut back to six inches from their base.
with
weak
occasionallyin summer
liquid manure.
Top-dress those
in
in
beds
with
manure
autumn.
decayed
grown
IN POTS:
CULTURE
Compost, two parts loam, one part of equal
"
" sand.
Plant
in pots or
manure,
Train
shoots up roof of cold or cool greenhouse, or
tubs in June.
wire trellis fixed in pots. Water
around
to Sept. Apply
freelyMarch
weak
occasionallyin summer.
liquid manure
Keep soil nearly dry
shoots to 3 or 4 in. from
Prune
in winter.
base early in the year.
OP
GREENHOUSE
CULTURE
SPECIES:
Compost as for above.
in pots or in well-drained bed, planting
Grow
in spring.
Water
freely
modferately in winter.
Prune
weak
during the summer,
away
growths
a little in Feb.
and shorten
Train shoots near
rampant ones
tne roof.
to Sept.65" to 65"Temp., Sept. to March 45" to 55"; March
Syringe
freelydaily in summer.
OF
HERBACEOUS
CULTURE
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary rich.
borders.
Plant
in autumn
Position, sunny
or
spring.
an-
TVjp-dress
100
OF
ENOYOLOP^DIA
in
Plant, Nov.
March, or
OASDSNINO.
to Feb.
of
in boxes
by
Propagat^
light
sou
in
seeds
temp.
in Oct. ;
in sandy soil under
bell-glass
;
winter.
in
flower
G. alnifolia suitable for forcing to
layering in Oct.
whii", Sept.. 4 ft.,
0. alnifolia
'species
CULTIVATED:
(Sweet Pepper BubW,
4 ft.; acuminata
(Waite
Mioliauxii, i ft.; alnifolia paniculata,
Florida; alnifolia
canescene,
Alder), white, Sept., 10 ft.; arborea, white, Sept., 8 ft., Madeira;
white, Aug., 8 ft.,China.
ClianthUS
(Glory Pea; Parrot'a-bill ; Sturt's Desert Pea). Ord.
55"
in
Feb.
cuttings inserted
"
Leguminosae.
climbing
Greenhouse
shrubs
"
herbaceous
perennials.
1832.
introduced
" silver
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part leaf-mould
sand.
Position, pots or beds in greenhouse. Pot or plant, March.
2 in. of their base.
Prune
in April,shortening young
shoots to within
Water
to Sept.,moderately afterwards.
Syringe foliage
freelyMarch
45" to 50" ; March
to Oct.
daily April to Aug. Temp., Oct. to March
walls in
55" to 65"C. puuiceus succeeds
outdoors
against warm
Devonshire.
J in. deep in well-drained
Propagate by seeds sown
pot of
light soil in temp. 75" in March ; cuttings of shoots inserted in sandy
soil in temp. 75" to 85" in March
or
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. Dampieri, scarlet, April, 3 ft,,
Australia; punlcena
Zealand,
niagnificus,crimson. May, 6 ft., New
Cliff
Fern.
See Fellsea.
Brake
Dahlia
Climbing:
(Hidalgoa WercHei)." See Hidalgoa.
Fern
-See Lygodium.
Clinribing
(Lygodium scandens)."
Cllnnbing:' Fumitory
(Adlumia cirrhosa)."See Adlumia.
Groundsel
Climbins
(Seneciomikanoides). See Senecio.
Climbins
Hydrangea
(Schizophragma hydrangeoides)."See
First
"
"
Schizophragma.
Climbing:
Snake'S-tong:ue
See Lygodium.
Fern
(Lygodium scandens)."
Clintoniai
Ord. Liliacese.
Hardy herbacfeoua perennials. First
introduced
1788.
CULTURE
Plant,
: Soil,sandy peat.
Position, moist shady border.
division
in
March
roots
Oct. or March.
of
or
April.
Propagate by
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. andrewsiana, rose, April, 2 ft.,California; borealis,
umbellata
yellow, May, I ft., N. America;
(Syn. Smilaoiua
umbellata), white,
9 in., N.
uniflora
America;
May,
uniflora), white, July, 6 in.,
(Syn. Smilaoina
"
California.
Clitoria
Ord. Leguminosse.
Stove evergreen
introduced
1739.
flowering
CULTURE
: Compost,
equal parts peat, leaf -mould, loam, " silver
sand.
Position, pots, tubs, or beds in light plant stove.
Pot or plant,
March.
Water
n-eely April to Sept., moderately afterwards,
55" to 65" ; March
to Oct. 70" to 80".
Oct. to March
Propagate by seeds
in
soil
in
75"
in
sown
Jin. deep
light
temp.
March; cuttingsof side
inserted in sandy peat in temp. S0" at any time
shoots
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
0. ternatea, blue, July, 4 ft.,E. Indies; ternates
alba,
ternatea
white. May;
cesrulea, blue. May;
ternatea
major, brown, Aug,
Clivia
(CafEre Lily). Ord. Amaryllidacese. Greenhouse
evergreen
flowering plants. Fleshy-rooted.
Foimerly known by the genericname
of Imantophyllum.
First introduced
1823.
CULTURE:
Compost, two-thirds
good loam, one-third
decayed
" sand.
manure
Position, sunny, close to glass in greenhouse
Pot,
Feb.
Water
to Sept. 65" to 75".
freelyMarch
Propagate by seeds
sown
in
light soil in temp. 75" in March; division of roots at potting
time.
(ButterflyPea).
climbers.
"
First
ifemp.,
"
102
BNCYCLOPMDIA
QARDENINO.
OF
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
C. oyrthaniflora, orange,
:
spring, hybrid; Gardeni,
orange-yellow, May, 18 in., S. Africa; miniata, scarlet and yellow, spring,Natal;
Tarieties
of 0.
There
numerous
nqbilis,red and yellow, July, S. Africa.
are
miniata
which
are
superior to the parent species.
Cloak
Fern
(Nothoclsenadistaus)."See Nothloclsena.
Cloud
Grass
(Agrostianebulosa). See Agrostis.
Clove
Gllliflower
See Dianthus.
(Dianthus
Clove-Pink
Dianthus.
(Dianthus caryophyllus)."See
Club
Lily." See Kniphofia.
Club
Moss
(Ljrcopodium clavatum). See Lycopodium.
Club
Rush
(ScirpuB
nodosus). See Scirpus.
Clustered
panula.
Bell-flower
(Campanula glomorata). See Cam"
caryophylluS."
"
"
"
Clustered
Wax-flower
Ste-
(Stephanotisfloribunda)."See
phanotis.
Cluster
CniCUS
Pine-tree
(Pinus pinaster)."See Pimis.
(FishboneThistle). Ord. Compositse. Hardy " half-hardy
perennials. Orn. foliage.
CULTURE
OF
HARDY
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
borders.
outdoors
Plant, autumn
or
spring. Increased by seeds sown
in April.
CULTURE
"
OP
HALF-HARDY
SPECIES
Soil,ordinary.Position,
beds
outdoors
in
summer.
if handsome
in
be
desired.
foliage
light
soil in temp, of 60" to 70" in Feb., or in Sept. in similar temj).,keeping
All best grown
biennials.
as
seedingsin greenhouse during winter.
SPECIES:
0. Oasabonae
HALF-HARDT
(Syn. Chamsepeuoe
Oasabonse), purple,
leaves
with
white, 2 to 3 ft., S. Europe ; 0. Diaoantha
spiny, veined
summer,
leaves green,
veined
white, ivory
Diacantha), purple, summer,
^8yn. Chamsepeuoe
spines, 2 to 3 ft., Syria.
3 ft.,Europe.
0. epinosissima, yellow, summer,
HAHDT
SPECIES:
Mexican
Ord. Polemoniaand
Cobsea
Ivy).
Saucer-plant;
(Cup
" half-hardy climbing perennial. First introduced
Greenhouse
ceae.
1792.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " silver sand.
Position, pots or beds in greenhouse, or against south or south-west
in summer.
Plant
Pot, March.
walls, arches, or trellises outdoors
50" to 55"; March
to Sept.
in June.
outdoors
Temp., Sept. to March
Water
60" to 70".
moderately other times.
gate
Propafreelyin summer,
in
soil
seeds
in
sown
Jin.
by
deep
light
temp. 75"
ordinary species
in March;
variegated speciesby cuttingsof young side shoots inserted
in sandy peat in temp. 75" in March
or
April.
C. soandens, purple, summer,
10 to 30 ft., Mexico;
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Ecandens
anrea
marginata, leaves variegated with yellow.
Cob-nut
(CorylusAvellana var. grandis).See Corylus.
Leek
House
Cobweb
(Sempervivum arachnoideum). See
directlythey appear
seeds
sown
J m.
by
deep
Propagate
"
"
"
Sempervivum.
Cochineal
Cochlearia
See Opuntia.
(Horse-radish).Ord. Cruciferae.
Cactus.
"
"
perennial.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary, deep,
Hardy
esculent-
rooted
rich.
Position, open or shade.
in
2ft.
Sin.
rows
Jan.
or
Feb.,
apart. Sets (roots)to be
deep
Plant,
off.
in.
of
crown
Re-plant
3 in. long, with
pared
\
every third year.
seeds
outdoors
wanted.
in July;
sown
Lift for use
by
as
Propagate
at
time.
roots
of
planting
cuttings
0. armoraoia, white. May, 3 ft., England.
OTJLTIVATED:
SPECIES
103
Cock's-Comb
oot
Cock's-f
Cocoanut
Cocoa
Cocos
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
"
"
"
Tree
(Theobroma
(Cocoanut Palm).
"
cacao).
"
Ord.
See
Palmaceae.
Theobroma.
Stove
ijalms.
Orn.
1690.
First introduced
Leaves, feather-shape (pinnate).
CDXiTURE:
Compost, two parts loam, equal parts peat " sand.
Water
Pot, March.
Position, pots in shady stove.
freelyMarch to
in.
1
Oct.
70" to 85".
deep in light soil in
Propagate by seeds sown
85"
time.
at any
temp.
OULTiVATBD:
0. nuoifera
SPE0IE8
(Coooa-nut Palm), 40 to 60 ft., Tropics';
plumosa, 40 to 60 ft., Brazil; romanzoffiana, 30 to 40 ft., Brazil; weddelliana,
foliage.
3 to
ft., Brazil.
Ord. Buphorbiaceae.
South
Sea Laurel).
1804.
Leaves
Orn. foliage. First introduced
beautifullyvariegatedwith various colours.
CULTURE:
part peat " sand.
Ctompost, two parts rich loam, one
March.
Water
Position, pots in stove close to the glass. Pot,
freely
55" to
to Sept., moderately afterwards.
March
Temp., Oct. to March
to Oct. 70" to 85".
65"; March
Propagate by cuttingsof the ends of
shoots inserted singly in 2 in. pots filled with sandy soil in temp. 75"
in similar temp. ; stem-rooting in
at any
time, or in bottles of water
March
or
April.
3 to 10 ft.,
OULTITATED:
C. variegatniu, Icayes yellow and
SPECIES
green,
Codiseum
Stove
(Croton
evergreen
or
"
shrubs.
Malaya.
HYBRIDS
PRINCIPAL
VARIETIES:
OR
C.
aigburthiensie,leaves
red
and
red
and
crimson ;
Chelsoni, orange,
angustifolium, yellow and
;
green
scarlet ; Hawkeri,
white
and
evansianum,
yellow, crimson, and
creamy
green,
and yellow; interruptum aureus,
illustris,green
purple, green, and yellow;
green;
and
yellow; Lalngii, green,
red, and salmon; pictnratum, green,
Johannls, green
yellow and red ; yariegatnm tricolor, green, golden yellow and cream
; Warrenii,
carmine
crimson
and
and
; Williamsii, green,
green
magenta ; Weismannli,
orange
crimson, and magenta.
green,
Codlins
and
Cream
(Narcissusincomparabilisfl. pi.). See
Narcissus.
Codonopsis
(Bellwort). Ord. Campauulacese. Hardy perennial
herbs.
CULTURE
borders.
: Soil, ordinary good.
Plant,
Position, sunny
seeds
in
cold
autumn
frame
in spring,
or
sown
spring. Propagate by
plantingout seedlingsin June; also by cuttingsin autumn.
olematidea
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: C.
(Syn. Glosocomia
olcmatidea),white and
3 ft.; oyata, blue, summer,
1 ft., Himalayas.
blue, summer,
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Stove epiphytalorchids.
First
CcslOSyne.
1822.
introduced
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts fresh
sphagnum moss " fibrypeat.
Position, pots or pans half filled with potsherds," placed close to glass.
have base of plant well above
rim of pot or pan.
Pot, Feb. or March;
70"
March
to
to
to
65"
85";
Nov.
to 75^;Nov. to
Sept.
Sept.
Temp.,
60" to 70".
Water
to Aug., moderately Aug. to
March
freely March
to March.
Nov., very little Nov.
to Aug.
Growing season, March
Feb.
to
Flowers
Sept
from
of new
Resting period.
centre
appear
after
division
of
resting.
at
growth
Propagate by
pseudo-bulbs
green
"
"
"
potting
time.
SPECIES
Himalayas
OULTITATED
cristata
0.
cristata, white
white
alba,^
yellow, June, 6
dayana,
in., Himalayas ; massangeana,
yellow and
white
and yellow, July, 1 ft., Sunda
Islands
green,
9
9
in., Malaya.
104.
ENCYCLOPMIHA
Coffea
First
two
OF
OAEDENINO.
shrubs.
Bubiacese.
Stove
evergreen
small reddish,fleshyberry, containing
in parchment-likeshell.
Bears the coffee berries of
Ord.
(Coffee-tree).
"
introduced, 1696.
seeds
enclosed
Fruit,
commerce.
CULTUBE:
Compost, two
sand.
Position,pota in moist
"
part leaf -mould
Temp., March
to Sept.75 to 85"^;
60" to 70".
Water
freelyin summer,
Sept.to March
moderately other times.
^ in. deep in light
Propagate by seeds sown
soil in temp. 85" in March;
cuttingsof firm shoots inserted in sandy
soil under
bell-glassin temp. 85" in summer.
SPECIES
10
to
15
CULTIVATED:
0.
one
plant stove.
March.
arabioa
Pot,
(Arabian
ft., Arabia.
Coffee
Coix
Tree
"
SoQ,light,rich.
pagate
Proborder outdoors.
in
65"
75"
to
in
soil
in
sown
temp.
by
light
deep
doors
outsimilar
in
outdoors
or
depth
March, transplantingseedlings
May ;
in Aprilwhere
plants are to flower.
2 to 3 ft.,Trop. Asia.
CULTIVATED
Grey pearly
SPECIES
: 0. Laohryma-Jobi,
CULTURE
seeds
seeds
Position, sunny
J in.
chief attraotion.
ColChican
Prunus.
Laurel
ColChiCUin
(Autumn
Meadow
Crocus;
colchica).
Laurocerasus
(Pruuus
"
See
Liliacea;.
Saffron). Ord.
"
bulbous
floweringplants.
enriched
with decayed manure
CTJLTUEE
: Soil, light sandy loam,
leaf-mould.
Position, moist beds or rockeries, shrubbery borders,
or
bulbs 3 in. deep " 3 in. apart in
Plant
shade of trees.
lawns
near
or
Foliage dies down in June " July, " does not reappear
July or Aug.
| in. deep in
until after plant has flowered.
Propagate by seeds sown
boxes
of similar
in Aug. or Sept.,or in pans or
bed of fine soil outdoors
in.
3
time, transplantingseedlings
apart when
soil in cold frame at same
bulbs
not flower
do
Seedling
two
years old ; division of bulbs in Aug.
until four or five years old.
Antumnale,
CULTIVATED
purple, Sept., 8 in., Europe (Britain);
SPECIES
;
speciosuin, lilac-purple,Sept.,
and
purple, Sept., 6 in., Greece;
byzantinum, rose
Also
numerous
and
purple, Sept., 6 in., S. Europe.
Caueasus;
variegatum, wbite
Hardy
of
varieties
C.
autumnale.
Geranium).
Nettle; Nettle
(Flame
Coleus
"
Ord.
Labiatae.
Stove
1764.
perennials. Orn. foliage" flowering. First introduced
CULTURE
part well-decayed
parts turfyloam, one
: Oompost, two
little sand.
Position, pots in stove in winter,
Pot, Feb. or March, pressing soil firmly in
greenhouse in summer.
75" to 85";
to June
60" to 70"; March
pots. Temp., Sept. to March
to
Water
March, freely
moderately Sept.
June to Sept.65" to 75.
very
kinds requirt to have points of their
Ornamental-leaved
afterwards.
dwarf
or
shoots pinched off in early stage of their growth to ensure
in.
in
1-16
seeds
sown
light
deep
good shaped plants. Propagate by
serted
or
April; cuttingsof young shoots insoil in temp. 75" in Feb., March
leaf-mould,
manure,
in
light soil
"
of cocoanut-fibre
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
bronze-red,
.Tava,
C.
refuse
at
any
time;
grafting
and
(Syn. 0. Verschaffeltii),white
Blumei
ornamental-leaved
kinds
of
the
parent
(Winter-floweringColeus), blue, ,Tan. to April, 3 ft., Trop. Africa.
leaves
in
purple,
thrysoides
Cole-wort.
Colletla.
shrubs.
spines.
"
See
Brassica.
Rhamnaceae.
(Anchor-plant).--Ord.
First
introduced
1823.
105
Branches
Half-hardy
armed
with
green
ever-
able
formid-
ilNOTOLOPMDiA
CULTURE
in S. of
Plant
England.
long, inserted
Aug. or Sept.
in Oct.
well-drained
in
in.
borders
shoots
of
firm
Propagate by cuttings
in
cold
frame
soil
of
in
sandy
pots
Soil, loamy.
OARDMINO.
OF
aQLTIVATED
: C.
oruoiata, white, autumn, 4 to 10 ft.,TJrngnay.
nuals.
Collinsia
Ord.
Scrophulariaceae.Hardy an(Cbllins's-flower;.
First introduced, 1826.
pagate
ProCULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, open beds or borders.
in Sept., March,
or
April
by seeds sown
Jin. deep outdoors
where
plantsare requiredto flower. Thin seedlingsto 6 in. apart when
SPECIES
"
high.
2 in.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0.
wliite, summer,
18
in., N.W.
America.
Collomia.
plants
Ord.
"
ducEid 1826.
CULTURE
by seeds
Polemoniaceae.
First
intro-
sown
flower.
required to
are
annuals.
Hardy
Thin
Sin.
seedlings to
apart
when
2 in.
high.
SPECIES
and
CULTIVATED:
yellow,
C.
in., California.
18
summer,
Colocasia
(West Indian Kale; Taro Boot)." Ord. Aroideae. Stove
herbaceous
Orn. foliage. First
plants with perennialtuberous roots.
introduced
1551.
Leaves, shield-like,heart or egg-shaped,deep green.
CULTURE
: Compost, equal
parts turfyloam, peat, leaf-mould, "
silver sand.
Pot
Position, well-drained pots in shady plant stove.
moderately
firm
transfer
Feb.
Nov.
Nov.
in
March;
to
to
to
to
March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Colt'S-fOOt."
Columbine
Columnea.
First introduced
CULTURE
charcoal.
long,
0.
Antiqnorum
esonlentam,
2 to 1
ft..Tropics.
Tussilago.
(Aquilegiavulgaris). See Aquilegia.
Ord. Gesneriaceae.
Stove evergreen
trailingshrubs.
"
"
1759.
Position,
fibrous
"
peat, sphagnum moss
Water
Plant, March.
freely
winter.
60" to 70";
Temp., Sept. to March
Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots 3 in.
hanging
baskets.
in
70"
80".
to
Sept.
inserted
in pots of above
moderately
in summer,
to
March
See
compost
mixed
with
in
sand,
temp.
85", Feb.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
floweringshrubs.
weak
First
introduced
etc.
Plant,
Oct.
to
Grenada.
Hardy
deciduous
1568.
CULTURE:
banks,
C.
(Bladder Senna)."
Colutea
open
shady shrubberies,
or
Feb.
1 in.
in sandy
soil outdoors
SPECIES
cruenta,
red
Combretum
evergreen
in Oct.
CULTIVATED:
and yellow,
C.
July,
(Caffre Butter-shrub)."
Ord.
climbers.
First
10
ft.. S
Europe;
ft.,Orient.
introduced
106
1820.
Combretacea.
Stove
BNCYOLOPMDIA
CULTURE
Compost,
pots,tubs,
OF
two
borders
GARDENING.
parts loam,
one
tion,
Posi-
in
or
Pot, March.
Commelina
Commelinaintroduced
Greenhouse
1759.
CUIiTUEE
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
OF
Compost, equal parts
Position, pots in sunny
greenhouse.
peat, loam, leaf -mould, " sand.
little afterwards.
to Sept., very
Water
Pot, March.
freely March
45" to 50".
to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
Temp., March
SPECIES:
Position,
HARDY
CULTURE
OF
Soil, light,rich.
Plant
well-drained
bed
border.
or
sheltered,
fleshy roots in
warm,
thick layer of
soils
with
winter
Protect
roots
on
light
during
April.
in cold districts in Sept. " store away
Lift' roots
ashes or manure.
in Ai"ril.Propagate
similarly to dahlias in frost-proof place, replanting
in
75"
in
in.
in
soil
March,
1-6
seeds
sown
temp.
by
deep light
transplantingseedlingsoutdoors in May to flower in Aug. ; division of
cese.
fleshyroots in April.
0.
SPECIES:
2 ft., Mexico.
GEEENH0TJ8E'
africana,
trailing, S.
yellow. May,
Africa:
elliptica,white, July,
epiphytal orchids.
"
First introduced
CULTURE
blocks
1836.
Compost,, sphagnum
of wood
of
new
Position, on
Ee-block, March
or
to Sept. 65" to 85";
fibry peat.
moss,
suspendedfrom
April. Water
Sept.to March
centre
resting. Propagate by
after
growth
Flowers
division
in
appear
of plant in
March.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
1 ft.; falcata, rose.
pink,
Compass
Comptonia.
Conandron.
introduced
CULTURE:
"
Ord.
"
Silphium.
Myrica.
See
"
See
(Silphiumlaciniatum).
Plant
First
C.
May,
Gesneriaceae.
Hardy
herbaceous
perennial.
1879.
rockery.
in well-drained
pots of
of dry litter. Propagate by seeds sown
frame
in
cold
fine
with
or
covered
"
mould,
greenhouse
just
sandy peat
March
SPECIES
or
April; division
CULTIVATED
Cone-flower.
Cone-head.^See
Constantinople
:
"
of
C.
See
plant in
March.
ramondidides,pink,
summer,
ft.,Japan.
Rudbeckia.
Strobilauth^s.
See Corylus.
Nut'(Corylus colurna)."
(Lilyof the Talley;May Lily). Ord, LihaceEe.
perennial.
_
Convallaria
Hardy
herbaceous
"
107
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
:
cayed
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, de-
shade of
under
borders
border
for
early
trees, high walls, or fences for general culture; south
2 or 3 in. apart, with pointsjust below
flowering. Plant single crowns
Lift and
surface, in Sept. " Oct.
replant every four years, always
by themselves, next size alone, " smallest similargestcrowns
"
manure,
sharp sand.
Position, beds
or
filanting
arly. Mulch bed annually in
manure
POT
Plant
Oct. or
once
CULTURE:
clump
one
week. May
or
to
cocoanut-fibre
refuse between
roots, " put boxes in temp. 80" to 85".
until
with inverted
box or thick layer of moss
Cover
points of crowns
it. After forcing,crowns
of no value for
flowers appear,
then remove
roots flower quickly
Retarded
floweringagain,therefore discard them.
without
much
J in. deep in lightsoil
forcing. JPropagate by seeds sown
outdoors
in March
Sept. or Oct.
; division of crowns
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. majalie, white, spring, 6 in., Europe
(Britain),
eto. ;
majalis flore-pleno,double ; majalis prolifloans,tall variety ; majalisrosea,
rose
tinted; majalis variegata, leaves variegated.
Ord. Convolvulacese.
Convolvulus.
Hardy annual " perennial
"
climbing
or
trailingplants.
: Soil, ordinary rich. Position, dwarf
borders;
tall
CooperlEl
kinds
at
Amaryllidacese.
"
Half-hardy
bulbous
plants.
CULTURE:
tion,
PosiCompost, equal parts peat, loam, " leaf-mould.
in
cool
cold
frame.
or
Jan.
Feb.
Water
or
greenhouse
Pot,
pots
moderately until growth begins,then givefreely; discontinue watering
after
Sept. " keep soil dry during winter.
Temp., Sept. to Feb. 40"
to May, 50" to 55"; May
to Sept. 55" to 65"to 45"; Feb.
Propagate
by offsets in Feb.
0. Drummondii,
CULTIVATED;
SPECIES
white, Aug., 9 in., Texas; pedunoulata, white, Aug., 6 in., Texas.
Balsam-tree
Copalm
(Liquidambar styraciflua). See
"
Liquidambar.
Copper-coloured
See
Beech
cuprea)."
Fagus.
Copper-leaf
Coprosma
108
ENOTOLOPMDIA
OABDSNINO.
OF
border.
IN GARDENS
; Soil, ordinary. Position, south
March
in.
seeds
in
drills
in.
or
12
sown
Propagate by
Sept.
^
deep
apart,
FIELD
loam.
CULTURE:
Rotation, follow
Soil, deep, well-drained
wheat.
Sow
in Oct. in drills 18 in. apart. Keep well hoed.
Quantity
of seed required per acre, 10 lb.
Tield per acre, 10 to
Harvest
in Aug.
CULTURE
20 cwt.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Coris
ISs. to 18s.
satiyum, white, June, 18 in.. S. Enrope.
Coris). Ord. Primulaceae.
Hardy
C.
(Montpelicr
"
First introduced
1640.
CULTURE
: Soil, sandy
rookery. Plant, March
or
deep in Aug. or April where
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Cork-barked
C.
beds
biennial.
on
sunny
1-16 in.
sown
ft., S. Enrope.
Eliri
"
"
Corn-flower
(Centaurea cyanus)." See Centaurea.
Cornish
Elm
See Ulmua.
(Ulmus campestrisvar. cornubiensis).
Cornish
Money-wort
(Sibthorpiaeuropsea)."See Sibthorpia.
Corn
See ChrysanMarigold
(Chrysanthemum segetum).
themum.
"
"
Corn
Salad
(Valerianellaolitaria).See Yalerianella.
Cornus
Cornel; Cornelian
(Bunch Berry; Dwarf
Cherry; Corneltree; Dogwood; Dogberry; Skewerwood). Ord. Cornaceae.
ciduous
Hardy de"
"
trees
shrubs
"
"
herbaceous
Flowering "
perennials.
orn.
foliage. Leaves,
8 ft., branches
red.
SPECIES:
HERBACEOUS
6 in., N. America.
June,
C.
canadensis
(Dwarf
Cornel),
purplish
/
r"-
white
,
May ..
Ord. Cornacese.
Corokia."
Half-hardy
shrub.
trailing
evergreen
^
"
s
First introduced
1835.
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, sheltered,south or west wall.
Oct.
to
Plant,
April. Propagate by cuttingsinserted in sand in welldrained
bell-glass;layering shoots in Oct
pan under
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Ootoneaster,
yellow,
Coronifia
Greenhouse
10
C.
ft., New
buddleiodes,yellow,
(.Crown Vetch;
and
hardy
summer,
10
ft
'
Zealand.
shrubs
hardy perennials.
110
New
Zealand^eaiana,
Leguminosse.
First introduced
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
CUIiTTIEE
OP GBEBNHOTJSE
SPECIES
: Compost, two
partsloam,
"
sand.
in
Position,pots
onepart peat
lightgfreenhouse.Repot, March.
Prune
off points of shoots in spring to induce
bushy growth. Water
to
Oct.
afterwards.
March, freely
Temp., Sept. to March
moderately
in sunny
40" to 45"; March
to Sept. 55" to 65".
Place plants outdoors
in
in.
to
June
seeds
sown
lightsoxl
deep
\
Sept. Propagate by
position
well-drained
75"
in
in
inserted
March,
pots of
m
or
temp.
by cuttings
soil under bell-glassin temp. 55" in March, April,or May.
CULTURE
PERENNIALS:
OF
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
rockeries or borders.
Plant, Oct. or April. Propagate by seeds sown
in April,or division of roots in Oct.
i in. deep outdoors
tered,
SHRUBS:
CULTURE
OF
HARDY
Soil, ordinary. Position shelPlant
Oct.
Prune
walls.
west
south
or
or
shrubberies,
warm
stragglyshoots after flowering. Increased by cuttingsin cold frame in
sandy
autumn.
glauoa,
C. coronata, yellow, July, 2 ft., S. Europe;
SPECIES:
GllBBNHOtrSB
3
France;
ft.,
glauca Tariegata, lariegated; pentaphylla, yellow,
May,
yellow.
June, 2 ft., Algiers; valentina, yellow, Maroh, 3 ft.; Timinalis, red, Aug., 3 ft.,
Mogador.
SPECIES;
PJSRBNNIAL
HAEDT
SHRUBS
6 in., Iberia;
emeroides,
in., S. Europe; varia, pink
C.
(Scorpion Senna),
0. Emerus
yellow, June,
red
and
3 to 6 ft.,
yellow,April,
deoiduous, Europe.
Greenhouse
Rutacese.
(AustralianFuohsia).-=-Ord.
Correa
introduced
First
shrubs.
CULTURE:
part fibrous
two
Compost,
green
ever-
1793.
loam
"
sand.
new
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
green
Australia.
.
"
Cortaderia
1843.
See
(Pinus Lancio).
Pine-tree
Corsican
Pinus.
ceous
Hardy herbaintroduced
First
foliage.
different plants),white,
on
Gramineao.
..
eate
by seeds
sown
1-16 in.
deep
in
sandy
55" to
under
bell-glassin temp.
pans
Transplant seedlings outdoors in Aug.
durable
most
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
tenm, 5 to 7 ft., Brazil;
oonspiona (Syn. Arundo
Zealand;
jubata, 4
New
"
"
argen(Pampas Grass), Syn. Gynerium
argenteum
and
leaves
golden;
green
argentoo-lineatum,
argenteum
Grass, 3 to ii It.,
Zealand
Silvery Beod
conspioua). New
.
"
"
O.
to
ft., Ecuador.
^
Cortusa
or
well-drained
soil m
pots or
or
in Feb., March
April
plumes best
Sept. Female
decoration.
for winter
"
65"
Sanicle)."Ord.
(Bear's-ear
,
."
Primulacese.
Hardy
or
nial
peren-
rockery.
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Plant, March
peat in cold
or
April. Propagate by
frame
in
March
of
or
April. Flowers
to
appear
on
new
pagate
Pro-
growth.
plant in March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
0. maorantUa,
purple, yellow and
green,
crimBon,
June, 1 ft.,Venezuela; maenlata, yellow and purple, June, 1 ft.,Trop. America;
speoiosa, yellow and green,
Haroh, 1 ft.
Corydalis
perennial herbs.
(Fumitory). Ord.
"
Fumariaceae.
Hardy
biennial
"
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary, good.
Position, well-drained sunny
borders, ledges of rockeries,fissures in old walls.
Plant
perennial"fe
biennial
speciesin March.
Propagate annual
speciesby seeds sown
in April where
in boxes
plants are to flower; biennials by seed sown
lightsoil
of
in cold frame
or
outdoors
in
April; perennialsby
biennials,transplantingseedlingsto permanent
to
large enough
to handle
also
by
division
of the
seed similar
positions when
bulbous
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
0. bulbosa
(Syn. Solida), purple, April, 6 in., Europe;
lutea, yellow. May, 1 ft., Europe;
lutea alba, white;
nobilis, yellow. May, 1 ft.,
Siberia; tuberosa
(Syn. Oava), purple, March, 6 in., Europe; ledebouriana, purple,
1
summer,
ft., Altai
BIENNIAL
Canada.
SPECIES:
Corylopsis.
shrub.
First
"
Mountains.
0.
Ord.
I{amamelidaceae.
1864.
introduced
CULTURE
and
Hardy
orange,
summer,
deciduous
ft..
flowering
Soil,sandy loam.
England;
south
walls
"
"
to
ensure
in
cpen
removed
fertilisation.
scarce,
garden, transplanting
from
base
two
seedlings
of old
years
afterwards
in Oct.
suckers
;
Apply m
winter.
Cost
of manure.
112
ENCYCLOPEDIA
to
ensure
fertilisation.
10 cwt.
to
GARDENING.
Propagate by
Sept., green ones
Harvest
in sieves
."20
OF
ripe
nuts
in
seed
in
(nuts) 2
SPECIES:
0. aYollana
(Common
Hazel), Europe (Britain);avellana anrea, golden
leaTed; maxima
atropurpurea, purpleleaTed, 8. Europe:
oolurna
(Constantinople
Nut), S.E. Europe.
VARIETIES
Kentish
Cob or Lambert's
:
Filbert, nuts large a gfoodmarket
round, shells thin, free bearer ; Webb's
Prize Cob, Targe,
good
sort ; Prolific Frizzled Filbert, free bearer, ripens early.
See Livistonia.
Cprypha."
Cosford,
nuts
Cos
Lettuce."
See Lactuca.
Cosmos
(Purple Mexican
Aster)."Ord.
annuals.
First introduced
1799.
Cu'LTXTRE:
seeds
kind
market
Compositae. Half-hardy
Propa^
dryish border.
soil
in
65"
70" in March, transplanting
of
to
light
temp,
seedlingsoutdoors 3 to 4 ft. apart in May.
SPECIES
C. bipinnatus, various
CULTIVATED:
colours, Aug., 3 ft.; Mexico;
dlTersifolius,
diversifolius atrosanguineus, a superior
lilac,Sept., 3 ft.,N. America;
variety; hybridus, various
colours, Sept., hybrids.
See Tanacetum.
Costtnary."
gate by
in
sown
Cotoneaster
Hardy
cesB.
(Quince-leavedMedlar;
evergreen
"
deciduous
Eose
Box)."
Ord.
Eosa-
winter.
CULTUllE
Soil, ordinary.
Position,shrubberies,open,
or
in shade,
hawthorn
or
in March.
SPECIES:
0. buxifolia
layas;
(Syn. repens), white, April, 3 ft., Himahorizontalis, rose, April, 3 ft., Himalayas;
microphylla, white, April, 5 ft.,
Himalayas;
microphylla glacialis (Syn, congesta); pannosa,
white, April, " ft.,
Yunnan;
thymifolia, white, April, 1 ft., Himalayas; uniflora,white. May, Siberia.
DECIDUOUS
SPECIES
afflnis,
white,
: C.
pink, April, 4 ft., Himalayas ; fri^ida,
April, 10 ft., Himalayas;
Nummularia,
white, April, 10 ft., Europe; integerrima
(Syn. vulgaris),pink. May, 10 ft.,Europe; Simonsii, white, April, 6 ft.,Himalayas.
Cot'ton-plant
((Gossypium herbaceum). See Gossypium.
EVERGREEN
"
Cotton
Thistle
Cotton-wood
Cotyledon.
succulent-leaved
"
"
mentioned.
CULTUBE
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
OF
: Compost, two
parts loam,
" fine brick rubbish.
Position, pots well drained, close
to glass
in window
or
or
April. Water
greenhouse. Repot, March
freelyMarch to Sept.,very little afterwards.
Temp., Sept to March
50" to 55"; March
Can also be grown
outdoors
in
to Sept. 60" to 70".
beds, June to Sept.
in ordinary soil on sunny
CULTURE
SPECIES:
Grow
OF
HARDY
in May.
Plant
Lift and
rockeries,or as edgingsto beds.
plant in
of
boxes in a cold frame
Oct.
seeds
surface
xn
sown
on
Propagate by
in
55"
65"
above soil in well-drained
in
to
or
March;
pot
temp.
pan
pots of sandy soil
cuttingsof leaves with base inserted in well-drained
in Aug., Sept.,or Oct. in temp.56" to 60".
leaves or cuttings
Do not water
one
part sand
until
they begin to
shrivel.
113
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
agaToidee),orange, Sept.,
SPBOIBS
GREENHOUSE
: 0.
agaTOides (Syn. EoheTeria
1 ft. ; atropurpurea
atropurpurea), red, Sept., 1 ft. ;_ Oalifornica
(Syn. EoheTeria
1 ft., Oalifornia;
ooooinea, scarlet
oallfornioa),yellow, eummer,
(Syn. Eoheveria
and yellow, Oct., 2 ft.; fulgens (Syn. Eoheveria
fnlgens), red and yellow, sammer,
2 ft. ;
1 ft. ; gibbiflora (Syn. EoheTeria
yellow and scarlet, antnmn,
g:ibbiflora),
Eoheveria
leaves
glanca),
glanca
(Syn.
purplish
glanona;
gibbiflora motallica,^
and
1 ft. ; retusa
retusa), crimson
eoarlet
and
^Syn. Eoheveria
yellow, autumn,
1 ft.
yellow, autumn,
seounda
0. secnnda
HARBT
SPECIES:
glanoa), red and
glauca (Syn. Eoheveria
1 ft.; secunda
glauoa major, large-leaved variety; Sempervivum,
yellow, summer,
6 in.
red, summer,
Couve
Tronc'huda."
See
Brassica.
See Vaccinum.
(Vaccinum vitis-idaea).
Orchid
(Schomburgkia Tibicinis).
Cow-berry
"
Cow-horn
See
"
Schom-
burgkia.
Cow
Parsnip
Cowslip-scented
(Heracleumvillosum). See
Crab's
Crab's
aloides).
(Stiatiotes
Orchid.
Heracleum.
See Yanda.
See Stratiotes.
See Abrus.
Eyes
(Abms precatorius).
See Salix.
Willow
(Salixfiagalis)."
Orchid."
See Anguloa
Hardy herbaceous
(Seakale). Ord. Cruciferae.
Claw
"
"
"
Crack
Cradle
Crambe
"
"
"
CXTLTURE
PERENNIAL
OF
borders.
Plant
tion, open
March.
CULTURE
nials
peren-
vegetables.
esculent
OP
'jEAKALE:
soil 2 ft.
roots
Posi.
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary,rich.
of three or six in
3 in. deep in groups
of
in autumn,
burying in abundance
in.
in.
Plant roots 4 to 6
manure.
long, 2
deep, uprightly,18 in. apart
in Feb. or March.
Pare
off crown
buds before
30 in. asunder
in rows
beds with
stable manure
in April. Apply common
planting. Mulch
salt at the rate of 1 lb. to a square
rod, or 2 lb. of nitrate of soda to
" die
in June.
Lift and replant every five years.
Manure
same
area
Cover
in
Nov.
in
roots
between
rows
Blanching:
ground with
open
cinder
ashes
in
tree
inverted
Nov.
leaves, or
pots, dry
with
inverted
Forcing
roots
Outdooes
Cover
:
pots in Nov. " put
of
fresh
and
leaves
these
in
thick layers
Jan.
manure
on
Lift roots in Nov.,
Forcing
Indoors
:
Dec, or Jan. " place them
close together in large pots or boxes, with ordinary soil between, in
Roots
of no value after
temp. 50" to 60". Keep roots moist " dark.
Trench
sunny.
deep
forcing.
Market
Manures
before
planting; superphosphate,
cuttings
plant
Culture
Seakale
op
:
Stable dung 20 to 30 tons
18 in.
an
punnets.
apart
each
Force
acre.
as
Soil, sandy
"
kainit
3 cwt.
in March;
way
above.
Market
per
acre,
20,000
deeply dug.
loam
cwt.
applied
per acre
in spring. Plant
cuttingsrequiredto
April in 2 lb.
variety,Lily
Nov.
to
Is. to Is. 9d.
Best
from
White.
Propagate
in
March,
ing
them
seakale
by seed sown
thinning seedlings to
to
permanent
beds
when
12 in.
"
apart
transp"nt-
advised
for
to 5 years.
OULTIVATBD:
SPEOIES
0.
marltimn
(Seakale),white, May
114
and
June, Europe
MNOYOLOPMTHA
OF
OASDBNINO.
Cranberry."
See
Crane's-bill."
See
Crape
Fern."
See
Crape
Myrtle
".^*'^SSUla.
Tirst introduced
CULTURE
:
"
"
orientalis,
Oxycoccus.
Geranium.
Todea.
Ord.
1711.
Orassulacese.
Greenhouse
evergreen
brick
plants.
rubble, dried
Position, well-drained
house,
pots in light greenrately
Water
freelyApril to Aug., modeto Sept.
Temp., March
Aug to Nov., very little afterwards.
55" to 65" ; Sept.to March
in well45" to 50".
Propagate by seeds sown
with
fine
drained pots or pans of sandy soil,just covering seeds
mould,
in temp. 60" to 70" in March
or
April,seedlingsto be kept close to glass
" have
little water; cuttingsof shoots 2 to 3 in. long, exposed to sun
for few days, then inserted
in June, July or Aug. in well-drained
pots
of sandy soil,placed on
greenhouse shelf " given very little water.
cow
manure
close to
sand.
Bochea.
white,
CULTIVATED:
6
anmmcr,
6 in., S.
species against
ple.isuregrounds; evergreen
quick in hedges. Plant, Oct. to Feb.
in Feb., spurring back shoots that have
Evergreen Fire Thorn
kinds
in Nov., simply cutting tree or
berries only; deciduous
shrubberies, lawns,
east
Prune
borne
shrub
or
north
walls;
"
common
where
Hedges : Soil, ordinary, trenched
necessary.
iistauce apart, 4 in.
2 ft. deep " 2 ft. wide.
Plant, Nov. to March,
Quantity of plants required
singlerow, 6 in. double row 6 in. asunder.
Cost of plantsper 100, 3s.
12.
double
for
9;
row,
yard
single
row,
per
Cost
Cost of preparing site and planting per lineal yard, 9d.
to 4s.
"
Time
to trim, July
of trimming per chain, 4d.
Aug.
Double
POT
CULTURE:
pink and white kinds adapted for pot
culture in cool greenhouse, or for forcing. Pot, Oct. or Nov., in good
to
Keep
March,
soil. Water
freely afterwards.
moderately Oct
til) Jan., then
place in temp. 55" to 65" to
plants in cool structure
to flower
in cool house
llower
leave them
naturally. After
or
into
shape
early
new
growth. Propagate by
flowering,place plants outdoors to make
1 in. deep in open
garden in Nov., transplanting
seeds (berries)
sown
the next year;
budding
largestseedlingsfollowingOct., the remainder
115
ENOYOLOPMBIA
0AEDMNIN6.
OF
piunatifida,wMte,
puniceo flore-pleno(Paul's Double
Scarlet), rich scarlet, May;
May, 15 ft., Asia; tanacetifolia
(Tansy-leayed Thorn), white. May, 15 ft,,Levant.
ETEKGEBEN
berries
scarlet
variety
with
SPECIES:
0.
Pyraoantha
in autumn,
S. Europe,
richer
coloured
berries.
Creeping:
10
to
by
(Firethorn), white. May, followed
Lelandl, a superior
; Pyraoantha
15 ft.
Fig-tree
(Ficus pumila)." See Ficus.
Forget-me-not
(Omphalodes verna)" See Ompha-
Creeping
lodes.
Creeping
Creeping
Creeping
Creeping
See Lysimachia.
Phlox.
Saiior
(Saxifragasarmentosa). See Saxifiaga.
Speedweii
(Yeronica r^ens). See Teronica.
Willow
(Salixrepens)."See Salix.
See
Winter
Green
(Ganltheriaprocumhens).
Jenny
Phlox
(Lysimaohia nummularia).
"
(Phlox reptans)."See
"
"
Creeping
Creeping
"
Graultheria.
Crepis
(Hawk's Beard).
perennials" annuala.
"
Compositae.
Ord.
herbaceous
Hardy
CULTUKE
: Soil, ordinary, sandy.
Position, sunny borders, banks,
rockeries.
Plant
in March
or
April. Propagate
perennial species
annual
speciesby seeds sovrn
^ in. deep in April where plants are reC[uiredto flower ; perennial species
J in. deep outdoors
by seeds sown
in April, transplantingseedlingsin July, or by division of roots in
March
or
April.
perennial;
C. aurea,
12 in., Enrope.
SPECIES:
autumn,
orange,
ANNUAL
SPECIES
: C.
rubra, red, autumn, 1 ft.,S. Enrope.
See Lep'dium.
Cress.
or
"
Cretan
Cretan
Cretan
Cretan
Crimean
Mullein
Mullein
Rock
(Celsia
"
"
"
Crimson
Crimson-flOVtfered
Flax
Crimson
Satin-flovwer
"
a^inum
^ee Linum.
grandiflorum)."
(BrevoortiaIda-Maia). See Bre"
yoortia.
Crimson
Crinum
Stonecrop
"
Sedum.
Amaryllidacese.
First introduced
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
:
Compost,
"
silver
sand.
Position, pots in
parts turfy loam, one part peat
light plant stove or greenhouse. Pot, March, in large pots or tubs
to Oct., very
well drained.
Water
little afterwards.
freely March
their sides in stove or greenhouse durStore pots containing bulbs on
ing
3
4
winter.
lished
estabor
to
Repot every
Apply liquidmanure
years.
bulbs in summer.
to Sept. 75" to 85" for greenTemp., March
house.
seeds
in
hy
sown
Propagate
sandy soil in a temp, of 65" to 75"
in spring; also by offsets at pottingtime.
Seedlingplants take several
flower.
to
years
CULTURE
OF HARDY
SPECIES
: Soil, rich, deep.
Position,south,
border.
Plant
6 in. deep in March.
bulbs
well-drained
Increased as
above.
C. amabilo, red, fragrant, summer,
SPECIES:
STOVE
3 ft., Sumatra;
Kirkii,
OP
STOVE
AND
two
white
and
red, Oct., 2 ft., Zanzibar.
aBBENHOTJSE
SPECIES:
0. Maoowanii,
white
and
Natal; Moorei, white
red, April to Oct., 2
116
and
purple, autumn,
ft., S. Africa; Moorei
3 ft,,
album.
GARDENING.
OF
ENCTGLOP^DIA
and
purple,
oanoellattts, yellow, white
to
March, S.E. Europe;
orange-yellow, Jan.
yellow and purple, Feb,
and
Spain; dalmaticus,
Olusii, white
Italy; Heieoheri, yellow
to March,
Dalmatia;
etruscus, lilao and yellow, March,
to March,
Asia
and
Minor;
Imperati, lilao- purple, fragrant, Jan
purple, March,
and
B.
and
yellow
Korolkowi,
Europe;
iridiflorus,
autumn,
purple
lilac,
Italy;
Feb. to March, Central
Asia; longiflorus,lilae,yellow and. purple, autumn,
brown,
and
and
Italy; Malyi, yellow, orange,
purple, March, Dalmatia
; _mediu8,white
and
April, Corsica ; nndipurple, autumn,
Italy ; minimus,
purple, March
and
Asia
autumn,
florus, purple, autumn,
ochroleucus, white
Pyrenees;
orange,
reticulatus, white,
Minor;
pulchellus, layender, blue, or yellow, autumn,
Turkey;
sativus
lilao and
purple, March, E. Europe;
(Saffron Crocus), white, lilac, and
Western
purple, autumn.
Asia; Sieberi, lilac and yellow, Feb. to March, GTeece;
Central
lilac,and
epeciosus, lilao and purple, autumn,
Europe; suaTOlens, orange,
and
purple, March, Italy; susianus, orange
lilac,
brown, Fob., Crimea;
yernns,
to {lurple,March, France
white
violet and white
Feb., to April, Europe; Tersicolor,
and Italy. The
Dutch
forms
in cultivation
numerous
were
originally derived from
autumn,
ohrysanthus,
purple, autumn,
Minor;
Asia
'
0.
vernus.
Store
Acauthace2B.
Ord.
flowering
eyergreen
shrub.
First introduced
1800.
CULTURE
: Compost,
Position, pots
equal parts loam, peat " sand.
in moist plant stove.
Water
Pot, March.
moderately during winter,
55" to 65 ; March
to Oct.
freelyother times.
Temp., Oct. to March
75" to 85".
Propagate by cuttingsof shoots 2 or 3 in. long, inserted in
sand under
bell-glaas,in temp, of 85" at any time of year.
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
0. guineensis, lilao, October, 6 in.;
undulsefolia,
orange-scarlet, March, 13 to 18 in., India.
of
Cross
Jerusalem
"See
(Lychnis chalcedonica^
Lychnis.
Vine
Cross
(Bignonia capreolata). See Bignonia.
Cross-wort
(CrucinelJastyloea)."See Crucinella.
Cross-wort
(Geutiana cruciata). See Oentiana.
Crossandrai
"
"
"
Croton."
Codiseum.
See
Crowberry."
Crowea.
introduced
CULTURE
See
Ord.
"
Empetrum.
Greenhouse
Rutaceae.
First
shrubs.
evergreen
1700.
;
Position, pots
Compost,
in
two
lightairy greenhouse.
straggling shoots
shape
into
in
Pot, March
March.
Water
or
very
April.
Prune
little Oct. to
March
to Oct.
40" to 45";
Temp., Sept. to March
55"
to 65".
March
to Sept.
Propagate by cuttings inserted in sand
in temp, of 65" to 75" in March
under
or
bell-glass
April; graftingon
buxifolia
in March.
alba or Eriostemon
Correa
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
0. angnstifolia, red, summer,
1 to 3 ft., Australia;
:
1 to 2 ft.,Australia.
saligna, pink, summer,
Crown
Imperial
Lily." See Fritillaria.
March,
moderately
Crown-of-Thorns
Crown
Vetch
Crucianella
perennial. First
"
"
introduced
Soil, sandy
CULTURE:
1640.
borders.
SPECIES
oocoinea,
Plant,
Oct.
CULTIVATED
scarlet;
CryptanthUS."
stylosa
or
or
March.
0. stylosa, rose,
purpurea,
Ord.
summer,
9 to 12 in., Caucasus
stylosa
purple.
Bromeliacese.
Stove
"
evergreen
nials;
peren-
MNOYOLOPMBIA
OP
OARDENINQ.
essential.
age
to 85".
bmttatus,
wnite, Aug.,
8 to
10
in.,Trop. America;
undulatus,
Sept. 75"
to
in small
C
pots
in., Brazil;
white. August.
10 in.,
Brazil.
CryptOgramme
(Parsley Fern;
Eock
Brake)." Ord.
Filices.
Hardy
deciduous
ferns with Parsley-like
fronds.
CJULTUEE
: Soil, equal parts loam
" peat with
liberal supply of
a
broken
bricks or stone, quite fiee from
lime.
Position, cool, moist
fissures
of rocks.
Plant
in
spring.
CULTIVATED:
ot
"
"
"
"
"
Half-hardy trailingperennialfruitingplants.
CULTUBE
OP
CUCUMBERS:
Compost, two parts decayed turfy
horse
Position, pots
droppings or decomposed manure.
part
beds in heated
sheltered
cold
in
or
corner
"
frames,
or
or
greenhouse
for heated
outdoors in summer.
Sow seed in Feb. or March
greenhouse
frame
in summer,
or
April for cold frames or outdoors, Sept. or Oct.
for winter
Oct. in heat; June
or
use.
Plant, March, April, Sept.',
in cold frames
outdoors.
Train
main
shoot
or
up roof of greenhouse,
when
also
its
ft.
out
3
points of side (lateral)
pinching
point
high,
fruit ; or, when
in frames,
shoots at first jointbeyond the young
grown
foot long
main
shoot
when
of
of
surface
a
bed, removing point
along
fruit.
Prune
and points of side shoots at first jointbeyond young
away
old snoots that cease
iu their stead.
Water
to bear " train young
ones
Syringe twice daily. Apply
moderately at first,freely afterwards.
to
liquidmanure
plants bearing heavy crops only. Ventilate when
reaches
90", closingagain when it falls below this. Temp., Feb.
temp,
to Sept.,
for greenhouse " frame, 75" to 85"; Sept. to Feb. 65" to 75".
Fertilise first female
blooms
Shade from
hot sun.
by divestinga male
loam,
one
blooms
of its
fertilisation
petals and
not
needful
once.
heated
Train
advised
as
RIDGE
seed
to
centre
is wanted.
Fumigate
: Dig a hole
soil
north
on
position,
putting
sunny
with 3 in. of soil. Plant
and cover
manure
Water
above.
moderately at first,freely
119
CUCUMBERS
of former;
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPJSDIA
seeds
Sow
with hand-light until end of June.
cucumber
55"
in
quires
reApril.
climbing
Japanese
temp.
sticks.
its shoots trained
to have
up pea
CXJLTUEE
OF MELONS
; Compost, three
parts good turfy loam, one
in
beds
manure.
decayed
Position,
part
greenhouses,pits,or frames,
with shoots trained to roof or alongsurface of ground. Plant, March,
April,or May. Sow seeds singly in 2 in. pits in temp. 75" in Feb. or
March.
Finch
out point of main
shoot when
6 in. long, also of lateral
shoots when
1 ft. long, " further
shoots at the first joint beyond the
swelling fruit. Fertilise all the female blooms about 12 a.m.
young
directed for cucumbers.
Allow
fruit to each shoot, removing
as
one
others
Prune
weak
shoots not showingfruit.
gradually.
any
away
any
Water
at
fruit changes
moderately
first,freelyafterwards, less when
seeds
in
in
75"
in Feb. or
in.
2
April or May. w)w
singly
pots
temp.
1 ft. long, " further
shoots when
shoots at the first joint beyond the
colour.
Syringe twice daily until fruit begins to ripen, then cease.
Shade
from hot sun.
when
fruit begins to swell.
Apply liquidmanure
to time fruit is ripe,75" to 85".
Ventilate
when
Temp., March
temp,
it falls below this.
reaches 85", close when
10 years ; gherTTsBPUii
Data
Cucumber,
:
kin,
Longevity of Seeds
afterwards.
in
Protect
light soil in
"
"
once
a week.
per square
OITLTIVATED:
C. Melo
SFEOIES
(Melon),intro. 1S70; satiTns
Natives
of Tropics.
1573.
yard
oz.
(Cacnmber), intra.
"
Ord. Oucurbitaceffi.
Half-hardy
1570,
plants. First introduced
for use.
substitute
Toung
for
shoots
of
and
marrows
gourds may
be
used
as
spinach.
GOURDS:
Soil, rich, ordinary. Position, beds at
fences
or
walls, or on the summit
of banks, shoots
base of low, sunny
the
will
"
former
down
the
latter ; sunny.
or
over
Plant,
growing at
up
Water
freelyin Atj weather.
Apply liquidmanure
June.
occasionally
when
plants are laden with fruit. Gather fruit when yellow, " hang
in dry room.
for use
No
till wanted
of shoots required.
it
CULTURE
OF
pinching_
up
Jin. deep
Propagate by seeds sown
in April,or where
plants are to grow
CULTIVATED:
SPE0IE8
Trop. Africa; Pepo ovifera
trade
0.
maxima
in light soil in
in May
" June.
temp. 55"
(Vegetable Marrow).
lista.
120
Numerous
Pepo
varietiee,for
to 65"
(Gonrd),
wliioh
see
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA
Cunonia.
evergreen
(Red Alder). Ord. Saxifragaceae.Greenhouse
Nat. Cape of Good
Hope. First introduced 1816.
" peat. Position,pots
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts sandy loam
into shape in March.
in light airy greenhouse.
Prune
Pot, March.
Water
Temp., March to
moderately Oct. to March, freelyafterwards.
45" to 50".
Propagate by cuttings
Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
in sandy soil under
of firm shoots inserted
bell-glassin temp, of 65"
"
floweringtree.
in
to 75"
summer.
SPKOIES
CULTIVATED
Cup
Cupania.
C.
"
Ord.
introduced
"
First
trees.
Saucer
and
1818.
CULTURE:
"
in
in winter,
freely
moist plant stove.
moderately
habit.
dwarf
maintain
Temp.,
to
a
Prune
other times.
occasionally
to Sept. 75" to 85".
55" to 65"; March
Propagate by
Oct. to March
in temp, of
cuttingsof firm shoots inserted in sand under bell-glass
Pot, March.
85" in
Water
summer.
0.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
15 to 20 ft.; grandidens, 20 to
anaoardioides, 20
30
to
30 ft., Australia;
elegantiBsima,
ft., Zanzibar.
"
"
"
shoots
65" to 75" in March;
cuttings of young
or
in
75"
in temp. 65" to
March, April, Aug.
inserted
in
sandy
soil
2 ft., Mexico;
oyanea,
0. seqoipetala,purple, June,
CULTIVATED:
and
July, 2 to
orange,
liookeriana, Termilion
red, July, 2 ft., Peru;
and
white, July,
3 ft. Mexicoignea (Syn. Cuphea platyoentra),scarlet, black
Mexico;
18
in.,
annual,
blue,
July,
lanoeolata,
white;
1 ft.,Mexico;
ignea alba,
mioropetala,scarlet, white and red, July, 1 ft., Mexico.
caerulea). See Catananche.
SPECIES
yellow and
(Catananche
(Quamoclitvulgaris). See Quamoclit.
Cupid'S-flower
See Silphium.
Plant
(Silphiumperfoliatum)."
Cup
Coniferae.
Ord.
Hardy evergreen
(Cypress)."
Cupressus
Cupidone
"
"
Orn.
white
yellow.
CULTtlRE:
Soil, deep
dark
green
or
trees.
variegatedwith
glaucous,
or
or
on
Position, single specimens
loam.
to
shrubberies.
Plant,
Sept.
lawns
or
pleasure grounds, or in mixed
20ft.
Nov.
Distance
apart for plantingin avenues,
soil 3 ft. wide and deep for site, adding
: Trench
CULTURE
HEDGE
Plant shrubs 2 ft. high 2 ft. a,partin
if poor.
little well-roooted manure
planting
Cost
of plants per 100, 30s. ; preparing and
Sept. or Oct.
Ouand
in
in
Sept.
sides
April
Trim
annually
9d.
lineal
yard,
per
"
lawsoniana
good for seaside gardens. Cupressus
macrocarpa
pressus
seeds
Propagate by
suitable for peaty or chalky soils.
maorocarpa
i in
sown
deep
in
Dans
of
rich
light soil
in
April,transplantingseedlings
121
OP
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
0. fnnobris
(Funeral 0yp"8S), weeping habit, 40 to
(Lawoompaot
habit, 20 to 30 ft., California; lawsoniana
habit, 100 to 150 ft., California, and its Tarieties, alboviridis,
spioa, albo-Tariegata, argentea, argenteo-variegata, aureo-Tariegats, ereota
albo
and
glanoa; maorooarpa
nana
nana
filiformiB, gracilis pendala, lutea, nana,
(Alaska
(Monterey Cypress), spreading habit, 60 to 90 ft., California; noofckatensis
Island, and its varieties,
Oypress), pyramidal habit, 100 to 120 ft., VanoouTer's
SPEOIES
OTTLTITATBD:
"
"
"
"
CULTUEE:
" leaf-mould.
tion,
Posiof
rockeries.
March
Plant,
or
sunny
April.
in severe
weather
with ashes or leaves.
Protect
Propagate by cuttings
in sandy peat, in April, May, or June, "
of shoots
2 in. long inserted
d
ivision
under
of fleshyroots in March
kept
or
bell-glass;
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
C. inoanus, aiure-blue, August, 3 to 4 in., Sikkim;
lobatus, purplish blue, August, 4 in., Himalayas.
Ord.
Hsemodoracese.
Cyanella.
Half-hardy bulbous
plants.
First
introduced
Nat. Cape of Good
1768.
Flowers, fragrant.
Hope.
OULTUEE:
Compost, two parts sandy soil, one part leaf-mould or
manure.
Position, pots 4J in. in diameter, well drained,
cow
decayed
in cold frame
or
greenhouse. Pot, Oct., placingfive bulbs 2 in. deep in
each pot, " covering pots with cocoauut^fibre
refuse until growth begins.
Water
when
bulbs
to
moderately
begin
keep bulbs dry
grow;
Propagate by offsets in Nov.
Sept. to Jan.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
: 0.
alba, white, July, 1 ft. ; capensis, blue, July, 1 ft.;
Intea, yellow, July, 1 ft.
See Miconia.
Cyanophyilum."
Cyathea
(Tree Fern)."Ord. Filices.
Stove " greenhouse evergreen
First introduced
tree ferns.
1793.
banks
or
crevices
"
"
CULTUEE
._._.
conservatory.
or
of sand.
peat " loam, " abundance
tubs, well drained, in shady stove, greenhouse,
Eepot,
freely afterwards.
Temp., Sept.to March 50"
March,
""
Compost, two-thirds
'
Feb.
or
March.
Water
Syringe trunks
to 65" for stove, 45"
122
moderately Oct. to
to Sept.
daily March
to 65" for greenhouse;
OF
ENOYGLOPMDIA
March
in
to
Sept. 65"
to
GAEDENINO.
to 65"
for
greenhouse. Shade
face'
surPropagate hy spores
any time on
of finely-sifted
loam
" peat in shallow
well-drained
cover
pans;
with sheet of glass," keep moist in shady positionin temp. 75" to 85".
STOYE
SPEOIES:
0. arborea, 15 ft., W.
Indies;
Dregei, 10 to 12 ft., Trop.
20
essential.
summer
GREENHOUSE
ft.. New
Cycas
plants.
at
sown
SPECIES
Zealand.
0.
Zealand
medullaris,
15
to
Leaves
80" to 85"
at any
SPEOIES
Ohina.
time.
CULTITATED:
0.
oiroinalis,8 ft., B.
revoluta,
Primulacese.
Tuberous-rooted.
Ord.
(Sowbread).
perennial flowering plants.
Cyclamen
Indies;
"
"
Hardy
to
ft.,
house
green-
Deciduous.
1596.
First introduced
Flowers, fragrant.
SPECIES:
CULTURE
OP GREENHOUSE
Compost, two parts loam,
" sand.
Position, pots in greenhouse-Sept. to
one
part leaf-mould
to be above
Repot, Julyor Aug.; corm
May; cold frame other times.
surface
of soil.
Water
growth begins, then
moderately until new
increase supply,decreasingit when
ing
plants have ceased to flower ; keepwhen
to July.
roots nearly dry " cool May
Apply liquidmanure
not
should
be
in flower. Temp., Sept. to April 50" to 55". Corms
from
results obtained
seedling
essential.
plants
loam containing
: Soil,rich, friable
CULTURE
nooks
of
sheltered
of
Position,
leaf-mould.
partiallyshady
plenty
in.
2
3
or
trees.
or
Plant,
under
apart
in
turf
Aug.
Sept.,
rockeryor
"' rich soil annually after
manure
cow
" li in. deep. Top-dress with
soil
far
corms.
old
as
as
May also be
die
first
leaves
removing
down,
grown
for
one
two
than
years.
from
Shade
old.
year
SPECIES
OF HARDY
Best
more
sun
HABDT
in
pots
or
SPEOIES:
pans
C.
in
afrioanum,
red
and
white,
autumn,
in.,
N.
Africa;
red,
and
Asia
Minor;
europffium,
and
March, 4 in., Greece
red, Feb.
iberioum
i in., Europe;
(Syn. 0. vernum), red, Feb. and March, 3 in.,
autumn,
i in., Europe;
neapolitanum album, white;
Caucasus; neapolitanum, red, autumn,
Atkinsii,
to May, 4 in., S. Europe;
repandum (Syn. hedera'folium), rosy red, March
purple and white, winter, 3 in., a hybrid.
Coum,
Cyclamen-flovwered
Daffodil
(Narcissuscyclamineus).
"
See Narcissus.
CyclObOthra.
Cycnoches
deciduous orchids.
"
See Calochortus.
(Swan's-neckOrchid).
First
introduced
123
"
1830.
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Stove
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
times.
little other
Temp., March
60" to 70".
Growing period,Feb.
Sept. to March
at base of new
Flowers
appear
Keating period,Sept. to Feb.
bulb.
Propagate by division of plants at potting time.
fall
until leaves
65" to 85";
off; very
to
Sept.
to
Aug.
pseudo-
0.
Orohid), yellow, snmmer,
anreum
oaLTITATED:
(Golden Swan
pentadaotylon, yellow
ohlorooliilain, yellow, Jane, Demerara;
America;
Brazil.
brown, various
seasons,
SPECIES
Central
and
Cydonia.
CymbidJum.
First
"
See
Pyrus.
Stove
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
1789.
Flowers, fragrant.
"
introduced
terrestrial
orchids.
" sand.
India
and
C.
OITLTiyATED
Ceylon ;
aloifolium, purple, autumn,
:
and
white
eburno-lowlanum, creamy
yellowish white, autumn,
Assam;
white
and
crimson, spring, hybrid; eburnum,
yellow, Feb. and Ifarch, Khasya;
giganteum, yellow, purple and crimson, winter, Nepaal; grandiflonun, yellow,
Feb.
and
and
yellow, cream,
purple, winter, Sikkim; lowianum,
maroon,
onmson,
and
Lowio-eburnum,
March, Burma;
white, Feb., hybrid; Parishii, white, orange,
and purple, summer,
Moulmein;
tigrinum, yellow, red, and crimson-purple, spring,
traoeyanum,
Burma;
yellow and crimson, winter, Burma.
Cynara,
(Cardoon; Globe Artichoke). Ord. Com^ositss. Hardy
herbaceous
flower heads of artichoke
used as a
perennials. Immature
cardoon
also
blanched
stalks
and
mid
ribs
of
of
leaves
vegetable;
SPECIES
dayanum,
"
edible.
CULTUBE
tion,
OF
CABDOON:
Soil, light,deep rich ordinary.. Posiin.
12
18
and
trenches
in.
wide, and
Prepare
deep,
open
sunny.
Fork
in.
of
in
6
to
centre
rotten
4ft. apart from
Oct.
centre
manure
into the soil in bottom
of trench.
The third week
in April spread 2
Sow
the seeds in
to 3 in. of light vegetable mould
along the trench.
patches of three or four, 1 in. deep k 18 in. apart, along the centre of
Thin
trench.
seedlingswhen 3 in. high to one in each patch. Place
to each plant when
the leaves looselyto
a stake
a foot high, "
secure
In Aug. draw
this.
the leaves tightlytogether,carefullywind a small
with mould.
Plants are sufficiently
weeks
be
after earthing up.
Seeds may
in a 3 in. pot filled with
55"
in
two
sown
soil,
ordinary
temp.
placed
oS in April, " planted out in May.
to 65" in March, hardened
Market
Culture:
Same
above.
advised
as
Market
and
trim
as
for celery; sell by the dozen
roots.
OF
CULTUBE
GLOBE
ABTICHOKE
: Soil, deep rich loam, liberally
and
manured
trenched
three
spits deep. Position, open " sunny.
Plant
suckers, i.e.,offshoots,4 in. deep in triangulargroups 9 in. from
4 ft. asunder, early in April. Keep
plant to plant,2 ft. apart in rows
well
watered
first season.
In Nov.
surround
each
plant with dry
litter " in severe
weather
with
cover
similar material^
uncovering in
mild weather.
Fork
surface
in March,
over
" mulch
vdth
hayband
blanched
round
for
cover
decayed
manure.
freely to"
establish
plants during
Gather
flower heads for use when
fullydeveloped. Seaweed
excellent manure.
an
Apply in spring. Eeplant bed every four years.
in April. Seeds do not ripen
Propagate by offsets or suckers removed
in England.
summer.
^04
ENCYGLOPMDIA
OF
GARDENING.
See
Cypress.
Cnpressus.
Oak
Cypress
(Quercus pedunculata fastigiata).See Quercus.
See Euphorbia.
Cypress
Sponge
(Euphorbia Cyparissias).
Vine
See
Cypress
Ipomaea.
(Ipomaea Quamoclit).
Cypripedium
(Lady's Slipper; Mocassin-flower)." Ord. OrchiFirst introduced
1731.
daceae.
Stove, greenhouse, " hardy orchids.
OF
STOVE
CULTURE
SPECIES:
Compost, two parts rough fibry
" sand.
Position, pots or pans drained
peat, one part sphagnum moss
to Sept. 65"
of their depth. Eepot, April. Temp., March
one-third
Water
60" to 65".
to 85"; Sept. to March
freely April to Aug.,
"
"
"
"
moderately
CULTTOE
afterwards.
OP
GREENHOUSE
"
Compost
SPECIES:
position,
as
road
mould,
nooks
above.
on
Propagate
Repot, April.
grit "
small
stones.
Plant, March
rockery.
all the
Water
speciesby
division
April.
of the
Water
roots
at
in
dry
weather.
ing
potting or plant-
time.
STOVE
SPECIES:
0. Argus, rose, white, and
purple, June, Philippines; herand
and
purple,
batum, -white and purple, March
April, Malaya ; bellatulum, white
callosum, white
and
Bozallii, green
May, Burma;
purple, Dec. to Feb., Burma;
and
and
Charlesworthii,
white, autumn,
rose
China;
purple, Deo. to Feb., Cochin
white
and purple, Feb.,
to May,
Burma;
dayanum,
conoolor, white, March
Burma;
white
and
niveum, white and rose,
Borneo;
lanrenoianum,
purple, April, Borneo;
brown,
March,
Borneo;
rothschildianum,
sprinsT, Malaya;
yellow, purple and
and
red, Oct., Himalayas.
and
superbiene, white
purple, Nov.; venustum,
green
of these,
for a very
brief selection
We
STOVE
HYBRIDS
only find space
can
:
and
crimson
yellow ; dominicalypso, white
red, and
;
namely, calurlum, green,
and
and red; SchroderBe, red,
brown;
leeanum, white, mauve
yellow, green
anum,
and
purple; selligerum, white
purple, white, and crimson; Sedenii, white, crimson
and
crimson.
GEEENHOtrSE
Khasia:
insigne
white
C.
and
yellow ;
purple, winter, Moulmcin.
derianum,
and
SPECIES
Maulei,
C. Calceolus
HAKDT
SPECIES
(Lady's Slipper), yellow, summer,
Europe
;
and
Siberia; macranpurple, N. America
(Britain); guttatum, white, rose, and
white, and
Japan;
pint, summer,
thum, purple, June, Siberia; japonicum, green,
pubescens, yellow and purple, June,
parviflorum, yellow and red, June, N. America;
N. America;
speotabile, rose and white, May, N. America.
ing
Cyrilla, (Leatherwood). Ord. Cyrilleae.Hardy evergiieen flowerFirst
shrub.
Flowers, borne in tufts on the ends of old wood.
1765.
introduced
nooks.
" peat. Position, warm,
sheltered
CULTURE:
Soil, loam
Plant, Sept. or April. Propagate by cuttingsin silver sand under bell"
to 65".
OuLTIVATBD
C.
"
Cyrtochilum,
"
See
Oncidium.
126
MNOYCLOPMDIA
Cyrtonnium."
See
Cyrtopodium.
First
introduced
CULTURE
OF
Aspidium.
Ord.
"
OAMDENING.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
epiphytal orchida.
1804.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Brazil; Ander0. ilioese,yellow and brown, autumn,
Indies ; cardiocliilum, yellow and
fionl,yellow and
spring. West
green,
green,
Deo. to Maroh, India; punotatum,
yellow, red, and purple, April and May, West
Indies.
Cystopteris
(Bladder Fern)."
Ord.
Filices.
Hardy
deciduous
ferns.
with pieces
Soil, rich, deep, sandy loam, freely mixed
dried mortar.
Position, well-drained
shady sheltered
or
moderately in dry weather.
rockery. Plant, March
April. Water
CULTURE
of limestone
or
POT
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts good loam, one part leaf -soil
in cold frame
mixed
with old mortar
sand.
or
Position, well drained
cold greenhouse in shade.
or
or
freely
April. Water
Repot, March
wards.
afterto
to
Nov.,
nearly
dry
keeping
April
Sept., moderately Sept.
in
soil
surface
of
fine
sandy
sown
on
Propagate by spores
with sheet of glass, " place in cold frame
shallow boxes or pans, cover
or
at any
time; division of plant in March
April.
and
Asia
bulbiSPECIES
Minor;
CULTIVATED:
0. alpina, 4 to 6 m., Europe
fragalis, 6 to 8 in., and Its varieties angustata and
fera, G to 12 in., N. America;
N. America.
6 to 8 in., Europe and
dlckeana, Europe (Britain), eto. ; montana,
duous
"
Greenhouse
hardy deciCytiSUS
(Broom). Ord. Leguminosae.
"
evergreen
CULTURE
OP
floweringshrubs.
SPECIES
: Compost, two
parts turfy
Position, pots in greenloam, one
house.
part lumpy peat " sharp sand.
to within
2 in. of base
Prune
shoots
Pot, May or June.
directlyafter flowering," place plants in temp. 50" to 55" to make new
growth before potting. Place plants in sunny positionoutdoors from
to May,
end of July to Oct. to ripen growth. Water
freelyMarch
wards.
moderately during May " June, freely June to Nov., moderately afterto plants during time
Apply weak liquidor artificial manure
they are in flower. Temp., Nov. to Feb. 45" to 50"';Feb. to May 50"
to
55"; May
GREENHOUSE
55"
June
HARDY
OP
C. Ardoini;
to
to 60".
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
for C. albus, kewensis,
borders
shrubbery
rockery
C. purpureus, prsecox,
scoparius andreanus, " choice kinds; rough
Prune
banks, woodlands, etc., for C. scoparius. Plant Oct. to Dec.
base
of promising
old
shoots
to
after
shortening
flowering,
directly
C. prsecox, C.
ones.
Transplant best when young.
purpureus,
young
excellent pot plants for floweringearly in cold
" C. andreanus, make
greenhouse.
shoots
3 in.
Pbopagate
greenhouse speciesby cuttings of young
inserted
branches
in
of
attached,
small
sandj soil
portions
long,with
CULTURE
for
pots
under
J in.
127
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYGLOPJEDIA
banks
on
Brown
be scattered broadcast
Seeds of Common
may
kinds
increased
" the choice
in woodlands;
by cuttings in cold
brooms
true to colour.
This ia the only way to rear
frame
in Sept.
SPECIES
GREENHOUSE
filipM,wMte, March, 4 to 6 ft..Canaries ; fragrans
: 0.
2 to 3 ft.,Canaries; fragrans elegans, yellow,
(Syn. C. raoomosa), yellow, summer,
4 ft. ; fragrans everestianus, ricll yellow.
0.
albus
HAUDY
SPECIES:
(White Spanish Broom), white. May, 6 to 8 ft.,
incarnatus, reddish; Ardoinl, yellow, spring, 4 to 6 ft.. Maritime
Spain; albus
white. May, prostrate,
Alps; biflorus,yellow. May, 3 ft., E. Europe; kewensis, creamy
yellow.
creamy
prsccoi,
hybrid; nigricans, yellow, June, 4 to 6 ft., Europe;
scoparis
May, 4 to 6 ft., hybrid; purpurens, purple. May, prostrate, ". Europe;
(Britain); scoparius sulBroom), yellow, April to July, 5 to 10 ft., Europe
(Common
andreanus)^ yellow
(Syn. Genista
phureus, sulphur yellow; scoparius andreanus
and
crimson, hybrid.
green
EverDaboecia
(Irish St. Dabeoc's
Heath). Ord. Ericaceae.
April.
or
"
floweringshrub.
banks
CULTUEE;
Position, sunny
Compost, sandy peat " loam.
rockeries.
Plant, Sept., Oct., March, or April. Propagate by
or
under
hand-light;layersof
cuttingsinserted in sandy soil in summer
in autumn.
shoots
SPECIES
D.
CULTIVATED:
ft., Europe
(Ireland)
; polifolia alba,
DactyliS
grass.
CULTURE:
in
borders
or
April,3
purple, July,
polifolia),
white.
Graminese.
"
Hardy
orn.
Soil, ordinary.
Position, margins of flower beds or
mixed
with bedding plants. Plant, Oct.
or
shade, or
sun
to 6 in.
Oct.
or
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
glomerata
D.
variegata, leaves
slWcry,
to
in.,
Britain.
DseiYlonoropSp
palms
Ord.
"
for table
Useful
Palmacese.
Stove
ornamental-leaved
decoration.
" sand.
leaf-mould
trained
with
shoots
or
a
Position, pots
young
Pot
in
March.
Water
or
freely in
large.
plant
up pillarswhen
moist
in
winter.
atmosphere
Syringe dailv;
summer,
moderately
essential.
Temp., March to Oct. 75" to 85"; Oct. to March 60" to 65".
in above
compost in spring.
Propagate by seeds sown
CULTIVATED:
D.
Draco,
SPECIES
Malaya;
grandis, Malaya;
jenkinsianus,
India; lewisianus, Penang; palembicus, Sumatra.
Daffodil.
See Narcissus.
Garlic
Daffodil
(Allium neapolitanum). See Allium.
Daffodil
Lily (Amaryllis belladonna).See Amaryllis.
Ord.
tuberousDahlia.
Compositae.
Half-hardy herbaceous
introduced
rooted perennials. Nat. Central
Mexico.
First
America,
Flower
1789.
large, circular; florets,quilled;colour,
Types." Show:
tint.
all one
Fancy: Flower, large, circular; florets,quilled;colour,
florets
tipped, striped or flaked different tint to ground colour.
Cactus
; Flower,
high in centre, circular ; florets,
long, narrow,
pointed,
cular
not quilledor fluted, reflexed at edges. Pompon : Flower, small, cirflorets and colours
like those of show and fancy types. Single;
Flower, circular ; florets,broad, flat,eight in number, overlappingeach
other, rounded, recurving at tips.
:
Flower, semiTom
florets, broad; inner ones,
short and
double, outer
narrow.
1 to 2 ft. ; flowers, single. Decorative
Thumb
: Habit, dwarf,
: Flower,
semi-double;
florets, flat.
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
Soil, ordinary, well enriched with manure.
:
CULTURE
state; in beds
in
tubs
"
"
"
"
Paeony-flower^
Position, open
sunny
beds
or
borders.
128
Plant
tubers
3 in.
deep in
ENCYCLOPEDIA
April,or
start
outdoors
in
May
flower
buds
July;
them
OF.
to grow
or
to
June.
one
on
Elace
down
GASDMNING.
ut
stems
to within
6 in. of tubers
before lifting. Tubers
may
be left in the ground all the
round
on
dry soils, if surface is
year
covered
with a layer of cinder-ashes
CTTLTUEE
IN
POTS:
Compost, two parts turfy loam, one
part
decayed
in
in.
in
July. Thin shoots to three on each plant; flower buds to one on each
shoot in Aug.
Withhold
water
in frostafter flowering" store away
proof
soil in temp.
place. Propagate by seeds sown
^in. deep in light65" to 75" in March;
cuttings of shoots 3 in. long issuingfrom tubers,
inserted in 2 in. pots of sandy soil,in temp. 65" to 70" in Feb., March,
or
or
April; division of tubers in March
April; grafting shoots on
tubers in autumn
or
spi-ing.
4 ft. (parent of Single
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
D. ooooinea, scarlet, autumn,
5 ft. ; imperialis, white, lilac and
Dalilia); graoilis,orange-soarlet, autumn,
red,
3 ft.;
Oct., 10 to 13 ft.; Yuareai
(parent of Cactus
Dahlias), scarlet, autumn,
and
Mercki, lilac and
yellow, Oct., 3 ft., "variabilis (parent of Show,
Fancy,
ft. ; Zinnpani
4
Pompon
Dahlias), scarlet, autumn,
(Black Dahlia), Syn. Bidens
and
Latter
atrosanguinea, black
crimson, July, 3 ft., Mexico.
requires to be
treated
like ordinary
speoies. For Tarieties see trade lists.
Dahurian
See Campanula.
Bell-flower
(Campanula dahurica).
"
Bindweed
Dahurlan
(Calystegiadahurica).
"
Daisy
(Bellisperennis). See Bellis.
Daisy-busFl
Haastii). See
(Olearia
See
Calystegia.
"
Olearia.
Stove
"
Dalechampia.
shrubs.
First
rich carmine,
CULTURE
Ord.
introduced
"
fragrant;
rose,
Euphorbiaceae.
green
flowering ever-
Bracts,
Flowers, insignificant.
1867.
summer.
Pot, March.
stove.
sand.
"
moderately
Water
55" to 65";
Temp., Sept. to March
Sept.to April, freelyafterwards.
to Sept. 70" to 80".
Propagate by cuttings inserted in sandy
March
peat
under
bell-glassin March,
8PE0IES
D.
CULTIVATED:
Crocus
Dalmatian
Damask
Dame's
Dame's
"
"
"
See Taraxacum.
(Taraxacum officinalis).
Poppy
(Papaver somniferum). See Papaver,
(Sambucus ebulus). See Sambucus.
"
"
Dane'S-blOOd
"
Daphne
(Garland flower;
Greenhouse
Thymelaceae.
Flowers, fragrant.
CULTURE
part peat
June
Sept.to
March
Water
"
Spurge Laurel;
hardy
evergreen
Mezereon).
flowering
"
Ord.
shrubs.
SPECIES:
OF
outdoors
in June.
See Crocus.
"
See Prunus.
"
Danebrog
one
(Crocus dalmaticus).
Rose
Rocket
Violet
Damson.
Dandelion
in temp. 85"-
April, or May,
sand.
"
to
40"
to 50"; March
to
129
Sept.
55"
to
65".
Propagate by
F
ENCYCLOPEDIA
cuttingsof
pans
March
side
Nov., in well-drained
pots
to 55"; layers in
OF
drooping
front
over
for
border
open
Increased
or
April; graftingon
or
CULTURE
or
inserted, in Oct.
shoots
of
or
GARDMNING.
OF
erect
April.
or
layeringshoots
in autumn.
by
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
D. odora, purple, Uarch, 2 to 3 ft.,Japan.
HABDT
SPECIES:
D. alpina, white. May, 3 ft., S. Europe;
blagyana, vUte,
April, 10 in., Carnlola; cneorum
(Garland
Flower), pink, April, 1 ft., S. Europe;
mesereum
(Mezereon), red or
white, Feb., 3 ft., Europe
(Britain); Lanreola
(Spurge Laurel), yellow, Jan., 3 ft., Europe (Britain); pontica, yellow, April,
4 ft., Orient.
River
Pea
See SwainDarling
(Swainsoniaua coronilliflora)."
soniana.
Darling^tonia
Hardy
(Californian
Pitcher-plant).Ord.
foliageplant. Insectivorous.
Sarraceneaceae.
First iutro-
"
herbaceous
orn.
duoed
1820.
First introduced
CULTURE
:
Position,
Compost, equal parts loam, peat, " sand.
well-drained pots in airy greenhouse. Pot firmly in Feb. or March.
to Sept.
Prune, Feb.
Water
moderately Sept. to March, freelyMarch
to
40" to 50"; March
March.
or
Sept. 50" to
Temp., Stept.to March
shoots
2 or 3 in. long, inserted
60".
Propagate by cuttings of young
in sardy peat under
bell-glassin temp. 40" to 50" in April or May.
CULTIVATED:
D. fimbriata, rose,
June, 5 ft., Australia;
SPECIES
te^ia (Syn. Genotyllis tulipifera),crimson. May, 3 ft., Australia.
Darwin's
Barberry
(BerberisBarwinii). See Berberis.
macroa-
"
Dasylirion.
foliage.
Ord.
Liliaceae.
introduced
1835.
"
First
Orn.
Greenhouse
evergreen
plants.
with
spiny margins.
CULTURE
Compost,
two
parts loam
"
peat,
one
sand.
Position,
in beds
airy greenhouse,dwelling-rooms,or
March.
Feb.
Water
little
Oct. to
or
firmly
very
May to Sept.
afterwards.
March
40"
to
to 50"; March
March, freely
Temp., Sept.
in
seeds
60".
sown
to Sept. 50" to
Propagate by
sandy peat in well
pots
or
tubs
in
outdoors
'
Pot
drained
April,
SPECIES
10
or
pans
or
pots under
to
60"
in March,
May.
CULTIVATED:
ft., Mexico;
Palm
Date
Date-Plum
Hookeri,
D. aorotriohnm,
ft., Mexico.
to
ft., Mexico;
virginica).See Diospyros.
(Diospyros
"
130
glauoophylluM,
BNOYCLOPMBIA
OP
Datisca.
GARDENING.
Ord.
Datisoeae.
(False Hemp).
Hardy herbaceous
Male " female
foliage. First introduced 1739.
borne on separate plants. Leaves, pinnate,green.
owers
CULTURE:
Soil, deep rich, ordinary. Position, open " sunny
border.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, " April. Female
plant most
effective. Propagateby seeds sown
1-16 in. deep in fine soil outdoors
in March, April, or May, transplantingseedlingsto permanent positions
"
Orn.
Serennial.
any
SPEOIBS
Asia.
time.
OTTLTITATBD:
Datura
hardy
",
D.
"
3 to
summer,
ft., W.
Half-
Solanacese.
trees.
CULTURE
OP
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
Position,
Soil, light sandy.
borders
annuals
outdoors.
Plant,
May.
Propagate
by seed
sunny
in
sown
I-in. deep in lightsandy soil in well-drained
pots
temp. 55" to
65" in March
or
April, " transfer the seedlingsto small pots-until
planting time.
CULTURE
OF
SHRUBBY
SPECIES
:
Compost, equal parts loam,
tubs,
or
"
England by
"
tapering.
for previous
Soil, deep, rich, " sandy, well manured
main
south
border
for early
for
spot
Position, open
crops,
CULTURE:
crop.
Time
to
sow
Short-horn
varieties,Feb.
6 in. "
'
purpose.
MabKet
Gabden
Cultube
Soil, light.
131
Manure
previous
f2
ENOYGLOPJSDIA
autumUj
ploughing
in 15
GARDENING.
OF
tons
of rotten
dung
and
cwts. of kainit
cwts.
sowing apply
superphosphate per acre, "
of
nitrate
soda
month
after sowing. Sow
Horn
a
^cwt.
per acre
varieties in March,
Horn
others in April " May.
Thin
varieties to
6 in. " others
to 9 in. apart. Market
in bunches
of fifteen to thirty
to
size
late
in
bushel
baskets.
Boots
carrots, according
;
bags or
crops
best washed.
of
seed
to
of
50 ft.,
sow
an
81b.; row
Quantity
acre,
1 oz.
500 bushels.
Average yieldper acre, 600 bunches
or
Longevity
of seed, 4 to 5 years.
Cost of thinning per acre,
5s. ; digging,washing,
" bunching, 7s. per doz. bunches;
"
lifting harvesting,22s. to
26s.
of seed, 12 to 18 days. Carrots
Germination
arrive at maturity
24 weeks
after sowing the seed.
Average pricesof carrots per doz.
bunches, 2s. 6d. to 5s. ; per bag or sack, 4s. to 5s.
D. oarota, white, eammer,
SPECIES:
Europe (Britain).
Da.va.llia
Bear's-foot
Fern;
Fern;
Squirrel's-foot
pare's-foot
The
Fern)'. Ord. Filices. Stove " greenhouse evergreen ferns.
rhizomes
of D. bullata are
extensivelyused for training round various
First
fancy objects,as boats, monkeys, etc.,also balls of peat " moss.
introduced
1699.
CULTURE
OF
STOVE
SPECIES:
Compost, two parts loam, one
per
Before
acre.
"
OF
GREENHOUSE
March
SPECIES
Compost,
same
as
for
species. Pot,
Water
partialshade.
March
to
Sept.
Temp.,
stove
or
40" to 50''^;
March
to Sept.50" to 60".
gate
Propasurface
of
sandy
peat in pans under bell-glass
spores
in Feb. or March.
temp. 55" to 75" at any time; division of rhizomes
m
SPECIES:
STOVE
D. aouleata, habit
climbing, 6 ft., W. Indies; afBnis, habit
creeping, 9 to 12 ins., Ceylon, .Tava, eto. ; alpina, habit trailing, dwarf, 6 in.,
Java, Borneo, etc.; dissecta, habit
dwarf, .Taya; diTaricata, habit robust, creeping,
N.
habit
India;
free,
elegans, habit very Tigorous, Ceylon, Java, etc.; fijiensis,
hirta
dwarf,
Fiji; heterophylla, habit
evergreen,
creeping,Malay Peninsula;
cristata
(Syn. Microlepia hirta cristata),habit spreading,S. Sea Islands; pallida,
robust
habit
(Syn. D. mooreana), Borneo; tenuifolia veitchiana, habit drooping,
Malaya.
SPECIES:
D. bullata
GREENHOUSE
and
(Squirrel's-foot Fern), habit, dwarf
creeping, Japan ; canariensis
(Hare's-foot Fern), habit robust, Canaries ; Mariesii,
Novse-Zelandiffi
habit
dwarf, deciduous, Japan;
(Syn. Acrophorus hispida),habit.
Blender creeping. New
Zealand;
Tyermanni
(Bear's-footFern), habit, creeping. West
by
sown
on
Africa.
Clematis
David's
(Clematis davidiana)." See Clematis.
David's
See Polygouatum.
Harp
(Polygonatum multiflorumV"
David's-roct
(Celastrus scandens). See Celastrus.
"
Daviesia
Oii. Leguminosae.
Greenhouse
(Australian Hop).
First introduced
1805.
flowering shrubs.
evergreen
CULTURE
; Compost, equal parts loam, peat, "
silver sand.
tion,
Posiwell-drained
Pot
pots in airy greenhouse.
March
or
firmly
"
April.
Water
very
Temp., Sept. to March
by cuttings of
glass in temp. 5(P to
peat in temp. 55" in
"
132
ENOTCLOP^DIA
GARDENING.
OF
many
to
found
be
lists.
in
Flatyclinis.
(Cedrus Deodara). See Cedrus.
ord
Pink
Deptf
(Qianthus armeria). See Dianthus.
Rod
Desert
(Eremostachya laciniata).See Eremostachys.
Ord.
flowering
Desfontania.
Logauiaceae. Hardy evergreen
First introduced
shrub.
1853.
Leaves, oval, dark shiny green, with
spiny margins.
tion,
Posiloam.
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
: Compost, equal parts peat "
sheltered
borders
Plant. Oct.,
outdoors, or against south wall.
Nov., or April.
CULTURE
GREENHOUSE
: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, char-'
Dendrochilum.
See
"
DeOCla.r
"
"
"
"
borders.
Pot or
or
wards.
afterOct.
to
March,
or
freely
April.
plant, March
moderately
well"
loam
inserted
m
in
sandy peat
Propagate by cuttings
65"
in
55"
to
in
drained
bell-glassor hand-light temp.
pots under
coal,
Position, well-drained
sand.
"
pots, tubs,
Water
spring.
OULTITATED
SPECIES
ncsffl.
Hardy
D.
"
stove
and
floweringshrubs.
gyrans)pinnate;leaflets
sunshine.
CULTURE
spinosa,scarlet
yellow,Aug., 2
Desmodium
OP
STOVE
move
rapidly up
SPECIES
to 4 ft..Chili.
Plant)."Ord.
Legumi-
Leaves
of stove species(D.
and down, especiaUy during
sand.
sunny
"
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary.
134
Position,
sunny,
well-
MNCrCLOPMDIA
drained
that
OF
border.
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
flowered only.
CULTURE
OF
D. GRACILIS:
have
POT
part decayed
trame
Nov.
"
manure
sand.
Compost,
Pot. Oct.
to
GASDENING.
Water
to
or
May;
two
parts loam,
one
Nov.
Position, cold
outdoors
afterwards.
heat
in
in
soil under
shoots, 10 to
Dec, or Jan.
in cold
bell-glass
long, inserted
12 in.
frame
in June
or
July, also of firm
in ordinary soil outdoors
in Nov.,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
D. crenata, white, June, 6 ft.,Japan;
florecrenata
pleno extua
white
and
purpurea,
gracilis, white, April, 2 ft., Japan;
rosoj
gracilis folius aureis, leaves variegated with yellow ; Lemoinei, white. May, a ft
hybrid; soabra, white, June, 6 ft.,Japan.
,
Devil-in-a-Bush
Devonshire
Devonshire
(Nigelladamasceua)."See Nigella.
(Myrica Gale)."See Myrica.
Oalc
(Quercus Cerris var. Lucombeana).
Myrtle
"
See
Quercus.
Dew
See Ribea.
Berry
(Eibes caesius)."
Dianella
Paroo
(Flax Lily;
Lily)."Ord.
flbrouBrrooted
perennials.
1731.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
:
Orn.
Liliaceae.
Half-hardy
troduced
foliage" fruitingplants. First in-
tion,
Compost, equal parts loam " peat. PosiEngland only. Plant, Oct., March, or
sheltered borders; S. of
April.
CULTURE
GREENHOUSE
: Compost,equal parts peat. loam, leafmould, " sand.
Position, well-drained
greenhouse.
pots in unhealed
Pot, Feb.. March, or April. Water
moderately Sept. to March, freely
afterwards.
temp. 55"
Propagate by
to 65" in
seeds
sown
1-16 in.
deep
in
light soil
in
March.
2 ft.,Australia; lievis,blue,
roots
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
blue, May,
: T). ccerulea,
spring, S ft., Australia.
Dianthus
(Carnation; Pink; Picotee;
Oct.
or
Sweet
William; Tree,
Malmaison
American
Carnation;
Carnation; Indian and
Perpetual,
Chinese Pink). Ord. Caryophyllaceae.Hardy perennialsand biennials.
TYPES.
Florists' Carnation
Bizarres :
Flowers
:
perfectlyround.
Ground
colour
with
another
colour.
one
shade, marked
or
striped
Flakes:
Ground
colour of one
Selfs:
shade, flaked with other colours.
One shade of colour only. Picotee : Ground
colour of one
tint,edged
Border
Carnation
or
: Stelf-coloured,
margined with another.
striped
or
some
clove-scented. " robust
flaked,laced or fringed,free flowering,
tions
Margaret or Marguerite Carnation : A race of hybrid carnagrowers.
with fringed,fragrant ftowers of all shades of colour.
Jacks : A
of coarse-growing,
kinds, grown
race
mostly single-flowered
largelyfor
sale by costers.
Pinks : Show
broad
or
Laced, petalsfinely-fringed,
ends white with a velvet eye. or a velvet eye with laced velvet edges,"
Williams
Show
white
Sweet
centre.
a
:
type, smooth
edged petals
with datk centres ; Auricula-eyed,
rounded
smooth-edged petals,white eye. surother tints.
with crimson
or
Tree, Perpetual, or American
tall ; flowers, self, stripedor flaked, appearing all
Carnation
: Habit,
Malmaison:
round.
Habit, sturdy; flowers large,selfthe year
"
"
coloured.
135
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
CULTURE
OF
AND
CARNATIONS
one
OARDENINO.
PICOTEES
Soil, three
parts
cow
of well-decayed
e^ualproportions
exhibition
kinds; good, well-drained, rich,
borders.
beds
kinds.
or
Position, sunny
part
of
for
sand
border
Plant
12 in. apart in Oct. or March.
Top-dress with decayed manure
shoot in June, " place indiaeach
in April. Thin flower buds to one
on
rubber
baud
round
calyx of flower to prevent burstingfearly in July.
in May.
week
when
flower stems
once
a
Stake
Apply liquid manure
buds form.
Suitable
artificial manure:
Sulphate of ammonia,
^oz., "
exhibition
blooms
from
Shade
kainit, Joz. to 2 gallons of water.
hot sun.
tion,
PosiPOT
CULTURE
advised
culture.
for exhibition
: Compost, as
"
manure
river
ordinary soil
for
pinch shoots
OP
PERENNIAL
Oct.
rockeries. Plant,
sunny
Pbofaqate
carnations,
in heat or in cold frames
frames
in
summer
or
SPECIES
March.
Soil,sandy loam.
Position,
in sandy soil
pinks " picoteesby seeds sown
in spring; by cuttings or
pipingsin cold
layeringin July or Aug. Sweet Wuliams
by seeds
136
ENCYCLOPEDIA
outdoors
sown
in
April
in July.
layering
"
GAUDENtNO.
;
July ; cuttingsin cold frames in summer
the speciesgenerally by cuttings, seeds,
or
Pinks
OF
and
layering.
BIENNIAL
SPECIES
:
6 to 12 in.. Central
Asia.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
D.
ohinensis
D.
(CMuese
or
Indian
Pink),
colours,
various
3 to 4 in., Alps ;
crimson, summer,
red, summer,
atrorubens,
in., N. Europe;
(Sweet William), various colours, 1 to 2 ft., S. Europe;
ciesius (Cheddar Pink),rose,
Caryophyllus
fragrant, July, 3 to 6 in., Britain;
(Carnation, OloTe),various, 18 to 24 in.,Europe; deltoidos (Maiden Pink), rose and
6 to 9 in., Britain; cruentus, scarlet,
white, summer,
18 in., E. Europe;
summer,
glacialis (Glacier Pink), purple, summer,
4 in., S. Europe;
mer,
neglectus, rose, sum2 in., Pyrenees;
6 in., E. Europe;
petrous, rose, summer',
plumosua (Pink),
various, 12 in., B. Europe; Superbus (Fringed Pink), rose, summer,
9 to 18 in.,
Europe.
PINK
HYBRID
D. Semperflorens, a new
of pinks, the
result of a cross
:
race
between
the Carnation
and
the Chinese
in
Pink.
Tery free flowering, beautiful
colour
and
Ord.
First introduced
shrub.
alpinus, rose,
summer,
fragrant.
Diapensia.
CULTURE
on
March
or
SPECIES
Diascia^
introduced
INDOOR
leaf-mould
Diapensiacese. Hardy
"
sunny
dwarf
rockery.
Water
with
Position,
stones.
"
April. Propagate by
CULTIVATED:
Ord.
1871.
CULTURE
"
"
alpine
evergreen
1801.
Aug.
Scrophulariaceae. Half-hardy
:
Compost,
two
parts sandy
or
posed
ex-
Plant,
April.
Regions.
First
annual.
loam
"
one
part
Sow
seeds in a temp, of 60" in March
or
April.
when
the third leaf forms, four or five in a 4J in.
Transplant seedlings
shelf near
the glass. Water
flower buds
on
pot. Grow
freely when
form.
Give weak
liquid manure
occasionally.Shoots may require to
be supported by twiggy sticks.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
seeds in temp, of 60" in March
: Sow
or
April.
Transplant in pots or boxes when large enough to handle.
Gradually
harden
off in cold frame, " plant out in good ordinary soil in sunny
positionat the end of May.
1 ft.,S. Africa.
SPECIES
OULTITATED
: D.
Barbero:, rosy pink, summer,
Dicentra
(Bleeding Heart;
Lyre Flower;
Dutchman's
Breeches).
Fumariacese.
herbaceous
"
tuberous
fibrous-rooted
Hardy
First
introduced
1731.
perennials.
CULTURE
sheltered
: Soil, deep light rich
sandy. Position, warm
rockeries.
dwarf
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or
borders;
specieson
April. Protect during winter by covering with layers of ashes or
in March.
manure.
Top-dress with decayed manure
SPECTABILIS
D.
POT
CULTURE
OF
: Compost,
equal parts loam,
" sand.
leaf-mould
Oct. to
Position, cold frame
Pot, Oct. or Nov.
Feb. ; greenhouse Feb.
to May ; afterwards
planting out in borders.
Water
moderately when new growth begins,freelywhen in full growth.
twice weekly when
flower buds
once
or
Apply liquid manure
appear.
Place
in cold
till
frame
Spectabilis:
FoBCiNa
D.
Pot, Oct.
After forcing, plant out in
to temp. 55" to 65" in Jan.
Jan.
Transfer
should
Plants
border.
only be forced in pots one year.
gate
Propaopen
in
or
of
the
crowns
Feb.,
March,
April
;
cuttings
fleshy
dividing
by
in sandy soil in temp. 55^ in March
or
roots 2 in. long inserted
April.
canadensis
D.
(Bleeding Heart), white, May, 6 in.,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
N. America;
chrysantha, yellow, Aug. and Sept., 3 to 5 ft., California; CuouUaria
and
yellow, spring, 6 in.. United
States; ezimia,
Breeches), white
(Dutchman's
formosa, red. May, 6 in., N.
reddish
purple, April to Sept., 13 in., N. Carolina;
137
"
Ord.
sand.
ENOYOLOP^DIA
GABDENING.
OF
America;
tlio ChinamaQ'a
speotablis (Syn. Dielytra spectabilis),
Breeches,
crimson, spring and summer,
2 ft., Siberia
and
Japan.
Dichsea.
First
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
epiphytal orchid.
"
rosy
troduced
in-
1870.
CTJLTUEE
Position, blocks
:
Compost, fresh sphagnum moss.
of
from
roof
Water
stove.
wood
daily.
Temp., March
suspended
50"
March
60".
to
to
65"
to
85";
Aug.
Propagate by division
Aug.
Feb.
in
March.
or
plants
CULTIVATED:
D. piota, green
and
SPECIES
purple, winter, Trinidad.
of
to
of
DiChorisandra.
Stove
ornamentalOrd. Commelinacese.
and
leaved
floweringperennials.
" leaf -mould
CULTUEE
each of peat, loam
" a
: Compost, one-third
of
little silver sand.
Pot in March.
stove.
Position, pots in shady part
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
Water
freely March
Syringe daily
75" to 85"; Oct. to
in spring and
to Oct.
summer.
Temp., March
55" to 65".
March
Propagate by seeds in spring; division in March.
CULTIVATED
marked
with
SPECIES
mosaica, leaves green
: .D.
white, 2 ft.,
Peru; pubescens tEeniensis,leaves
striped with white, 2 ft., Brazil; thyrsiflora,
5 to 10 ft., Brazil.
blue, autumn,
Dicksonia
(Tasmanian Tree Fern; New Zealand Tree Fern; HayStove
" greenhouse tree ferns.
scented
Tree
Fern). Ord. Filices.
First introduced
1786.
CtTLTURE
of sand.
: Compost, two-thirds
peat " loam, " abundance
in shady stove, greenhouse
Position, large pots or tubs well drained
Water
or
Repot, Feb., March.
conservatory.
moderately Oct. to
to Sept.
March,
freely afterwards.
Syringe trunks
daily March
55"
65"
45"
55"
to
March
for
to
to
for
stove,
greenhouse;
Temp., Sept.
March
Shade
to Sept. 65" to 75" for stove, 55" to 65" for greenhouse.
essential.
in summer
time
at
surface
sown
by
on
Propagate
spores
any
" peat in well-drained
of finelysifted loam
pots covered with a sheet
of glass," kept moist.
SPECIES:
D. Sehiedei, 10 to 15 ft., Guatemala
and Uexico; sellowiana,
STOVE
10 to 15 ft., hybrid.
Lathami.
10 ft.. Brazil;
SPECIES:
D. antarctica
aREENHOUSE
(Tasmanian Tree Fern), 18 to 20 ft.,
Gulcita' (Cushion Fern), dwarf, Madeira;
Tree
Tasmania;
(New Zealand
squarrosa
"
"
Fern),
15
to
20
ft., New
Zealand.
Dictamnus
Ord. Butaces.
"
Foliage, fragrant.
CULTUEE:
Soil, ordinary, dryish. Position, sunny
or
partially
borders.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
or
April. Propagate by seeds
shady
sown
J in. deep in lightsoil outdoors in Aug. or Sept.; cuttingsof fleshy
in March
2 in. deep outdoors
roots inserted
or
April; division of roots
Match.
in Oct., Nov.
or
CULTIVATED:
D.
albus
SPECIES
(Syn D. Fraxinella), white. May, 3 ft:,
purplish, May, 3 ft.
Europe; albas purpureus,
"
Ord.
Palmaceae.
Dictyosperma.
Stove
Orn.
Palms.
1842.
Leaves, pinnate.
foliage. First introduced
CULTUEE
:
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould
tion,
Posi" sand.
Pot, Feb. or March.
pots in shady moist plant stove.
Water
freely at all times.
Temp., March to Sept.70" to 85"; Sept.to March
60" to 65". Propagate by seedssown
1 in. deep in
pots of sandy peat
"
in temp.
85"
in
Feb.,
March,
or
April.
CULTIVATED:
D.
138
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OULTURE:
dung
"
OF
sand.
Feb., March,
Position, well-drained
April. Water
Temp., Sept. to March
Propagate by cuttings of young
or
bell-glassin temp.
SPECIES
malajana,
GAEDENING.
yellow,
pots
eammer,
in moist
moderately
55"
to
65";
side shoots
CULTIVATED:
loam, one-fourth
"
or
Oct.
to
Ord.
Filices.
cow
Pot,
plant
wards.
Feb., freely after-
March
to
inserted in
April.
Didymochlsena."
part
stove.
Stove
fern.
to
in., Ceylon;
First introduced
1838.
CTJLTtTRE
: Compost, two
parts loam, one
peat, pounded charcoal "
sand.
Pot, Feb. or March.
Position, well-drained
pots in shady part
of greenhouse.
Water
moderately Oct. to Feb., freely afterwards.
60" to 70"; March
to Sept. 70" to 80".
Temp., Sept. to March
gate
Propasurface of sandy peat under
on
bell-glassin temp.
by spores sown
70" to 80* at any time
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
D. lanulata, tree-like habit, Tropics.
Dieffenbachia
Stove
green
ever(Dumb Cane)." Ord. Aroideae.
First
introduced
1863.
Orn.
Leaves,
perennials.
foliage.
broad, deep green, variegatedwith white or yellow.
CULTXJEE:
cayed
Compost, equal parts peat " loam, one-fourth part dein
" silver sand.
moist
manure
Position, well-drained
plant
pots
Water
stove.
Pot, Feb. or March.
moderately Sept. to Feb., freely
in summer
afterwards.
Syringe daily, June, July " Aug. Shade
55"
essential.
to
Feb.
to
to
Feb.
65";
Sept. 65" to 85".
Temp., Sept.
in.
inserted
in sandy soil
of
stems
1
to
2
cuttings
long
Propagate by
85"
in
in
75"
to
under
spring.
bell-glass temp.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
D.
Carderi, leaves Tariegated, Colombia;
Chelsoni,
and
and yellow, Colombia
leaves, green
white, S. America
; Leopoldii, leaves, green
-,
and
and
magnifioa, leaves, green
white, Venezuela; nobilis, leaves, green
white,
and
8. America;
and
Brazil; llegina, leaves, white
Bex, leaves, white
green,
S. America;
and white, Brazil.
piota, green
green,
See Dicentra.
Dielytra.
ciduous
Diervilla
(Bush Honeysuckle). Ord. Caprifoliaoese.
Hardy deFirst introduced
1739.
shrubs.
Formerly known
by the
"
"
genericname
Weigela.
of
No
directlyafter flowering,shorteningshoots that have borne flowers.
winter
of young
shoots inserted
pruning required. Propagate by cuttings
m
bell-glassin cool greenhouse in
pots of sandy soil under
spring; cuttings of firm shoots 6 in. long inserted Sin. deep " 2 in.
in Oct. or Nov.
floribunda, purple, June, 3 ft., Japan; florida
and
white, May, 6 to 8 ft., China;
(Syn. Weigela rosea), rose
grandiflora, pink,
4 ft., Japan ; middenJune, 6 to 8 ft.,Japan ; japonioa hortensis, white, summer,
Abel
4 ft., Siberia.
Carrifere,Eva
Rathe, Tan Houttei,
dorfiana, yellow, summer,
and
variegata are
popular varieties or hybrids.
apart in
north
SPECIES
border
Digfitalis
D.
perennialherbs.
OF
CULTURE
open
hand-light
under
CULTIVATED:
"
shady border,
SPECIES
PERENNIAL
or
or
Soil,rich ordinary.
naturalisingin woodlands
and
wild
"
tion,
Posi-
gardens.
April.
SPECIES:
BIENNIAL
Sow
seeds 1-16 in. deep in
OULTURE
OF
in
outdoors
border
April. Transplant seedlings3 in. apart in
shady
Transfer
in
June.
seedlingsto floweringpositionin Oct. or
shady bed
directed for biennials;
as
Nov.
by seeds sown
Propagate perennials
division of
plantsin
March.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
PERENNIAL
D.
SPECIES:
yellow, July
BIENNIAL
and
GARDENING.
(Syn. D.
ambigua
grandiflora
and
ooliroleuca),
SPECIES:
are
Europe (Britain). There
gloxinia-flowered being the
Dill.
See Feucedanum.
purpurea
July
(Foxglove),puijjle,
varieties
beautiful.
numerous
most
and
strains
to
of
Sept., 3 to 5 ft.,
this species, the
"
DimorphOtheca.
First introduced
INDOOE
mould
"
"
Compositas.
Ord.
Half-hardy
annuals.
1774.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts sandy loam, one partleafliberal addition
of silver sand.
or
Pot, March
April. Grow
in cool
" summer,
Water
freely
during
spring
greenhouse.
sunny
" winter.
moderately in autumn
Temp., Oct. to March 4(?'to 50".
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
Position, sunny,
Soil, ordinary, sandy.
border.
in a
warm
Plant, May " June.
Propagate by seeds sown
temp, of 55" to 65" in sandv soil in early sprinsr.
2 ft. ; pluvialis,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Eoklonis, white and purple, summer,
: D.
of S. Africa.
Native
18 in.,pluvialis flore-pleuo,double.
white
and purple, summer,
Greenhouse
Dionsea.
baceous
her(Venus' Fly-trap). Ord. Droseraceae.
gined
perennials. Insectivorous
plants. Leaves, two-lobed, marwith teeth " sensitive.
CUIiTURE
tion,
:
Compost, ecjualparts peat " livingsphagnum. Posiof
"
in
water,
pots or pans well drained " partly immersed
pans
in
cool
March
Water
under
or
Pot,
greenhouse.
April.
glass
placed
40" to 45"; March
to Sept. 45"
freely always. Temp., Oct. to March
in
mixture
of
seeds
" peat,"
to 55
sown
moss
by
sphagnum
Propagate
in March
or
April; division of plants in
kept moist under bell-glass
March.
D. musoipula, white, July and Aug., 6 in., Carolina.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
Dioscoreacese.
Ord.
Dioscorea
(Yam).
Hardy tuberous-rooted
a
"
"
like
toes.
pota-
Plant
small
CULTURE
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny,
:
open.
Fix stakes or branches
for
3 in. deep "fe12 in. apart in March.
tubers
Lift " store tubers
in frost-proof place in Oct.
on.
shoots to climb
Propagate by cuttingsof stems 1 in. long with leaf attached, inserted
bell-elass in temp. 55" in summer.
J in. deep in sandy soil under
Batatus
CULTIVATED
: D.
SPECIES
12 ft.,Philippines.
(Tarn), white, summer,
Greenhouse
Diosma
green
ever(African Steel-bush). Ord. Rutacesa.
Leaves
fragrant.
floweringshrub.
two parts fibrous peat, one
CULTURE
: Compost,
part loam, " silver
Pinch off points of vigorous shoots in July
sand.
Pot, May, June.
little Oct. to March,
Water
" Aug.
very
moderately afterwards.
March
to
45";
to
March
50" to 55".
40"
to
Sept,
Sept.
PropaTemp.,
"
.140
GAEDMNINO.
OF
MNOTOLOPMDIA
leaf-mould.
Position, sheltered beds
shade
of trees.
Plant, Jan. or Feb.
decayed
POT
on
rookeries,or in borders
Top-dress in
Feb.
with
under
well-
manure.
CULTURE:
Position,
6 in.
in unheated
Nov.
Water
pots,
well
leaf-mould,
Not.
stand
to
"
March,
sand.
then
outdoors.
Pot,
in full
m
growth. Propagate by seeds sown
pots of light sandy soil in cold
in Sept. or March
in Oct. or March.
frame
; division of crowns
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
D.
Clevelandii, vlolet-blne. May, 1 ft., Oalifoinis;
orimson
and yellow, March, 6 in.,Oregon; Jeffrey!,pnrple-rose,spring,
Henderson!,
6 in., California; Meadia, rosy
pnrple, white and lilao,April, 12 in., N. America;
Meadia
lilacinnm, lilao.
album, white, Meadia
Dog-berry
(Cornus sanguinea). See Cornus.
Rose
Dogf
(Bosa canina). See Bosa.
See Cornus.
Dos-WOOd.
Violet
Dos's-Tooth
(ErythroniumDens-canis). See Erythro-
moderately when
new
"
"
"
"
nium.
DoliChOS
green
ever(Hyacinth Bean). Ord. Leguminosoa. Greenhouse
twiner.
First introduced
1776.
" peat, little sand.
CITLTUEE
Position,
: Compost, equal partsloam
shoots
well-drained
round
trellis,
or
pillars.Pot,
posts
twining
pots,
in
in
Feb.
Water
summer.
winter, freely
Temp., Sept.
moderately
to Sept. 55" to 65".
50" to 55" ; March
to March
Propagate by seeds
in light soil in temp. 63" in March;
sown
cuttingsinserted in sandy
65"
in
soil under
in
April.
bell-glass temp.
SPECIES
OTJLTITATED
: D.
Lablab, rosy pnrple, July, 1 to 2 ft..Tropics.
Greenhouse
Nat. Australia.
Doodia,!
Ord. Filices.
ferns.
evergreen
1808.
First introduced
"
"
CULTURE
" sand.
Compost,
two
parts loam,
one
part leaf-mould,charcoal
or
Pot, Feb., March
April. Position, pots in shady part of
Water
moderately Sept. to March, freely afterwards.
greenhouse.
40" to 50" ; March
to Sept. 50" to 60".
March
gate
PropaTemp., Sept. to
surface
of
on
sandy peat in pans under bell-glass
by spores sown
in
temp. 65" to 75" at any time.
its varieties
6 to 8 in., Australia, and
CTTLTIVATED:
D.
SPECIES
aspera,
and
multiflda ; oaudata, 6 to 12 in., Australia ; media, 12 to 18 in.,
oorymbif era
Australia
and
New
Zealand.
Ord.
(Leopard's-bane).
DoronlCUm
"
CompositiB. Hardy
baceous
her-
perennials.
Position, open borders, banks, or
: Soil, ordinary rich.
of trees.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Propagate
This genus also does well in pots
by division of roots in Oct. or March.
in
cold
for earlyflowering
greenhouse.
oancssiOULTITATED:
D. anstriaoum, yellow, March, IS in., Europe;
SPECIES
Fardialanohee, yellow. Hay, 2 ft^ Europe
yellow, April, 1 ft., Europe;
cum,
(Britain); plantagineum, yellow, March, 3 ft., Europe (Britain); plautagineum
exoelsum, Ian improved form.
(Australian Giant Lily; Spear Lily). Ord. AmaDoryanthes
duced
floweringplants. Orn. foliage. First introryllidaseae.Greenhouse
CULTURE
shade
under
"
1800.
Position,
: Eijpal
parts loam " leaf-mould, little sand.
well-drained
in
or
Pot,
March,
lightairy
April.
Feb.,
greenhouse.
pots
Water
Temp., Sept.
very little Sept to April,moderately afterwards.
50" to 55"; March
to Sept.65" to 70".
to March
Propagate by suckers
CULTURE
removed
tit any
from
old
in
time.
142
small
to
65"
ENCYCLOPEDIA
SPEOIES
Gmifoylei,
CULTIVATED:
orimson,
Double
OF
summer,
Arrow-head
Double
GARDENING.
Wales;
12
(Sagittariasagittaefolia
fl.-pl.).
"
Bindweed
pubescens
(Calystegia
ft."
Sea
See Calxfl.-pl.)."
stegia.
Double
Double
Cherry
See Prunus.
(Prunus Cerasue Eliexii fl.-pl.)."
Cherry
(Prunus japonica fl.-pl.).
Chinese
"
See;
prunus.
Double
Double
Double
Double
Chinese
Dropwort
Furze
Horse
Plum
See Prunus..
(Prunus sinensis fl.-pl.)."
(Spiraeafilipendula
plena)." See Spirasa.
(Dlex europaeus plenus). See Ulex.
Chestnut
(iEsoulushippocastanum fl.-pl.).
"
"
See .Xsculus.
Double
vlasminum
minum.
Double
Marsh
(Jasminum
Marigold
officinale
Jas-
See
fl.-pl.).
"
Seer
(Caltha palustrisfl.-pl.)."
Caltha.
Double
Mayweed
Double
Myrtle
(Matricaria inodora
(Myrtus
communis
var.
See
fl.-pl.)."
caria.
Matri-
Seej
belgica fl.-pl.).
"
Myrtus.
Double
Double
Peach
See Prunus.
(Prunus Persica flore-pleno).
Ranunculus
(Banuncnlus asiaticus;
"
Persian
See Banuuculus.
fl.'^l.).
"
Double
Double
Double
Double
Campion
Red
See Lychnis..
(Lychnis dioica fl.-pl.)."
Red
Daisy
(Bellisperennis rubra plena). See Bellis..
Rocket
(Barbarea vulgaris). See Barbarea.
Rose
Campion
(Lychnis coronaria
fl.-pl.). See;
"
"
"
Lychnis.
Double
Double
Silene.
Double
Scarlet
Seaside
Avens
(Geum
CatChfly
coccineum
See Geum..
fl.-pl.).
maritima
Seer
(Silene
fl.-pl.)."
"
Larkspur
(Delphinium grandiflorumi
Delphinium.
Ord.
Frimulaceae.
Doug^lasia.
Hardy
alpineevergreen
1827.
plants. First introduced
loam.
CTJLTXJEE
Position, sunny
: Compost, equal parts peat "
March
or
rockery. Plant, Oct., Nov.,
April. Propagate by seeds sown
1-16 in. deep in sandy peat in cold frame, or under
hand-lightin March
division
in
of plants
autumn.
or
April;
Siberian
See
fl.-pl.).
"
"
SPEOIES
OULTITATED:
"
Taxus.
Dovedale
Downingia.
Moss
Dove
Orchid
OOt
Dove's-f
"
"
"
troduced
in-
1827.
CULTTJEE:
Sow
seeds where
0.partin May or
rich.
Position, sunny
to flower in April. Thin
Soil, ordinary
plants
are
June.
143
beds
or
borders.
to
seedlings
6 in.
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
sand.
"
POT
CULTURE
:
Compost, ec[ual parts loam, leaf-mould
Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in 5 or 6 in. pots placed in temp. 55", or in cold
frame
in April or May.
Water
moderately. Apply weak liquidftiauure
when
in
flower.
Place
plants when in flower in cool greenplants are
liou3e or window.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
D. elegans (Syn. Olmtonia
elegans).blue and white,
6 in., N.W.
America;
pulchella (Syn. Clintonia pnlchella),blue, white, and
summer,
6 in., W.
America.
yellow, summer,
Down
Thistle
(Onopordon acanthium). See Onopordon.
Downton
Elm
(Ulmus glabra var. pendula).See Ulmus.
Draba
(Whitlow Grass). Ord. CrucifersB.
Hardy perennials.
"
"
"
A^ril
Cordyline
for
so-called
greenhouse
dracaenas.
CULTIVATED:
D. concinna, leaves
margined with red, 4 to
green,
Draco
and
6 ft., Mauritius;
(Dragon Tree), leaves glaucous, hardy in Cornwall
6 ft., Trop.
Islands;
fragrans, leaves green,
Sollly Isles, 40 to 50 ft., Canary
SPECIES
green,
to
See
ft., Trop.
also
Africa;
leaves,
fragrans massangeana,
3 ft., Trop. Africa; goldieana,
sanderiana, leaves, white and
lists for
varieties.
and
white
trade
green;
and
g:reen,
Ord.
Balm).
(Dragon's-head; Moldavian
" perennial herbs.
annual
First introduced
1596.
Soil, light ordinary.
Position, cool partiallyshady
Dracocephalum
Labiatse.
Hardy
CULTURE:
borders.
"
"
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Propagate annual
seeds
in.
soil
outdoors
m
sown
J
speciesby
deep
light sandy
perennial
Nov.,
or
shoots inserted
in lightsandy soil under
in April or May; division of roots in Oct.,
March.
SPECIES:
D. canescens,
lilac blue, Aug., 12 to 18 in., ". Europe;
(Moldavian Balm), blue, July and Aug., 12 to 18 in., E. Siberia.
D.
SPECIES:
12 to
18 in., Europe;
anstriaoum, blue, summer,
6 to 9 in., Siberia; ruyschianum,
grandiflorum, blue, summer,
purplish blue, June,
12 to 18 in., Alps; speoiosum, lilao,June, IS in.,Himalayas.
Dracunculus
(Dragon; Snake-plant)."Ord. AroidesB. Hardy
tuberous-rooted
our
perennial. First introduced 1548. Leaves, flesh colwith black, resembling
mottled
skin of snake.
CULTURE:
Soil, sandy.
border.
Position, well-drained
sunny
Plant tubers 3 in. deep in Oct. or Nov.
Propagate by division of tubers
in Oct. or March.
ANNUAL
Moldavica
PERENNIAL
144
ENCYCLOPEDIA
^^^?^S^
CULTIVATED
T
3 ft., S. Europe.
July,
Drag:on
Arum."
D.
OF
draounoulus),chocolate-brown,
See
Drag'On
Tree
Dragon's-head
GARDENING.
Dracuncuhis.
(Dracaena draco).
"
See
Dracaena.
Dracoce-
"
phalum,
Dragon's-mouth
"
See Helicodiceroa.
Dragon's-mouth
Orchid
See Epidendrum.
Dropwort
See Spiraea.
(Spirasafilipendula)."
Drosera
Greenhouse
(Sundew; Youth-wort). Ord. Droseraceae.
and hardy perennial insectivorous
plants.
OULTUEE
: Compost,
sherds.
equalparts livingsphagnum moss, peat, pot"
Position, well-drained
in
pots partly immersed
pan of water
with bell-glass
in cool greenhouse.
Water
gate
daily. Propaof livingsphagnum moss
surface
and peat in
on
by seeds sown
well-drained
in temp. 55" to 65" at any
time;
pots under
bell-glass
division of the crowns
to
in March
of
roots
1 in.
or
J
April; cuttings
in pan
of moss
in temp. 65"
" peat under
bell-glass
long embedded
"
covered
to 75".
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
and
D. intermedia, white
red, July, 3
D.
anglica), white, July, 3 in., Europe (Britain);
longifolia(Syn.
white, July,
in., Europe
in., Europe;
rotundifolia,
(Britain).
Drosophyllum
Ord.
Droseraceae.
(Portuguese
Sundew).
Greenhouse
introduced
1869.
First
insectivorous
shrubby
plants.
OULTUEE
well-drained
loam.
Position,
: Soil, light sandy
pots
close to glassin light, airygreenhouse. Water
twice Sept. to
once
or
April,very little afterwards.
Temp., Sept. to March 40" to 50" ; March
to Sept. 50" to 60".
the surface of sandy
on
Propagate by seeds sown
loam in well-drained
in
pots
spring.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: D.
lusitanicum, yellow. May, 1 ft.,Portugal.
See Brassica.
Drumhead
Cabbage.
"
"
Drummond's
mondi).
"
(SarraceniaDrum-
Side-saddle-flower
See
Sarracenia.
Dryas
(Mountain Avens).
plants.
"
Ord.
Hardy
Eosaceae.
evergreen
ing
trail-
OULTUEE:
So'l, moist peat. Position, sunny
rockery or borders.
1-16 in. deep
Plant, Oct., Nov. or March.
Propagate by seeds sown
boxes
in sandy peat in shallow pans
in cold frame
or
April or May;
in
cuttingsof shoots 2 in. long inserted in sandy soil in cold frame
autumn;
division
SPECIES
of
CULTIVATED:
March.
or
Drummondii,
yellow, Jane,
3 in., trailing-,
Europe.
Orymogiossum
"
creepingfern.
First
introduced
Ord.
in., N.
America;
Pilices.
Stove
1828.
evergreen
OULTUEE
:
Compost, equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould, pounded
charcoal " sand.
Pot or plant,Feb., March, or April. Position,wellWardian
Water
case.
drained shallow
moderately Oct.
pans or beds in
55" to 60"; March
to Feb., freelyafterwards.
Temp., Sept. to March
surface
of sandy
on
to Sept.65" to 75".
Propagate by spores sown
rhizomes
in
division
of
time
Feb. or
75"
at
to
65"
;
m
any
peat
temp.
March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Drynaria.
DrypiS.
First
"
introduced
CULTURE:
D.
Himalayas;
oarnosum,
See Polypodium.
Ord.
Caryophyllaceae.
India.
flioselloides,
"
Hardy
herbaceous
perennial.
1775.
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
US
rockeries
or
borders.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OABDENING.
in lightsoil
April. Propagate by seeds sown
in cold frame
under
in March
hand^light
or
or
April; cuttingsinserted
in sandy soil under
hand-lightor in cold frame in Sept. or Oct.
8FE0IES
OTTLTITATED
9 in., UeOiterranean
spinosa, blue, summer,
: D.
Begion.
Duck's-f
OOt
(Podophyllum peltatum). See Podophyllum.
Duke
Of
See
Argyll's
Tea-plant
(Lycium barharum).
"
"
Lycium.
Dumortier's
Day
Lily
(HemerocallisBumortieri).
See
"
Hemerocallis.
Dusty
Miller
Primula
Dutch
and
(Primula
auricula
and
Senecio
cineraria).
"
See
Senecio.
Ag'rimony
(Eupatorium cannabinum).
See
"
Eupa-
torium.
Dutch
Iionicera.
Honeysuckle
Dutchman's
Breeches
(Dicentra cucuUaria)."See Dicentra.
Dutchman's
Pipe (Aristolochia
Sipho)."See Aristolochia.
Dutch
See
Myrtle
(Myrica Gale)."
Myrica.
Greenhouse
succulent
Ord. Bromeliacese.
Dyckia.
orn.
foliage
plants. First introduced 1839.
"
CULTURE
: Compost, two
" little
parts loam, one part leaf-mould
sand.
Position, pots in light,airy greenhouse; outside June to Sept.
Water
moderately April to Aug., little afterwards.
Eepot every five
six years;
or
50" to
good drainage essential.
Temp., Sept. to March
to Sept._
55" to 65".
65"; March
offsets
suckers
serted
inor
Propagate by
in small pots in greenhouse at
time.
any
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
ft., Brazil:
brevifolia,
Tick-Seed
Dyer's
See
(Coreopsistinctoria)."
Ear
See Fuchsia.
Drops."
Earth
Coreopsis.
Nut
(Arachishypogsea). See Arachis.
Flovwer
(Euphorbia puleherrima). See Euphorbia.
Indian
Cedar
(Cedrus deodara)."See Cedrus.
Indian
Coral-tree
(Erythriuaindica)."See Erythrina.
Indian
Flax
(Eeinwardti trigynum). See Reinwardti.
Indian
Guava-tree
(Psidium indicum)."See Psidium.
Indian
Periwinkle
(Vinca rosea)."See Vinca.
Indian
Pitcher-plant
(Nepenthes sanguinea)." See
"
Easter
East
East
East
East
East
East
"
"
Nepenthes.
East
Indian
Rose-bay
(Tabernaemontana coronaria)."See
TabernEsmontana.
Eccremocarpus
(CSiilianGlory-flower)."
Ord. Bignoniacea.
climbingplants. First introduced 1825.
Half-hardy
evergreen
^
^"^''
June.
Plant,
9P^'^"
walls.
"
'^'''^- i'osition,
against
^'C^*
south
or
south-west
65"
to 75"
in
March
or
"
CULTIVATED:
^^SPEOIES
April.
Eccremocarpus
sealer,
Vine
scarlet
and
yellow, summer,
r-
16
to
(Eccremocarpus
soaber)." See
20 ft.,
mocarpus.
Eccre-
'
Echeveria."
Echinacea
See
Cotyledon.
Ord. Composite.
(PurpleCone-flower)."
Ijaceousperennials.
First
introduced
146
1799.
Hardy
het".
; "iv*
MNOYOLOPJs!DIA
CULTURE
borders
or
seeds sown
outdoors
or
or
OF
OARDENINO.
Position, well-drained
sunny
rockeries.
Plant, Oct.. Nov., or March.
Propagate by
J in. deep in boxes of lightsoil in temp. 50" to 55" in March,
in sunny
positionin April;
division
April.
SPtlOIES
CULTIVATED
E.
EchinocactUS
purpurea,
(Hedge-hog Cactus).
"
"
"
"
U7
ENCYCLOPEDIA
that
have
flowered
GARDENING.
OF
only. Water
little Oct.
very
to
Feb., moderately
"
in sunny
position outdoors
in April or Aug.
2 to 3 ft., 8.
plantagineum, bluish purplo, summer,
3 to 4 ft., Britain.
Europe
(Britain); vnlgare, purple or blue, summer,
SPECIES
ANNUAL
E. oretioum, violet,July, 12 to 18 in., S. Europe.
:
1 ft., Spain.
E. albicans, rose
:
or
violet, summer,
PEEENNIAL_ SPECIES
Edelweiss
(Leontopodium alpinum)." See Leoutopodium.
Eel-Grass
(Vallisneriaspiralis).See Vallisneria.
Eg^g^-plant
(Solanum melongena). See Solanum.
deep
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
E.
"
"
Daffodil
(Narcissus
See Narcissus.
ESSS-and-Bacon
Phoenix).
Orange
ESlantine
Egryptian
Egryptian
ESyptian
var.
"
Bean
"
"
Egyptian
"
Egyptian
Egyptian
"
Egyptian
Elseagnus
deciduous
incomparabilisfl.-pl.
"
"
shrubs.
Orn.
1633.
foliage. First introduced
with
white.
variegated
CXJLTIJBE
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, open sheltered dryish borders,
south
walls.
Plant deciduous
west
or
or
against
speciesin Oct., Nov.
in
or
Dec;
April or Sept. Propagate by seeds sown
J^in.
evergreen
in temp. 55" in March;
in
boxes
of
soil
light
deep
cuttingsinserted in
in Sept.; layering in Oct.
sandy soil in cold frame
SPECIES:
EVERGREEN
E. glabra, white, Aug., 4 to 6 ft., China
and Japan;
6 ft., China
maorophylla, yellow, Sept., 6 ft., Japan; pungena,
yellow, autumn,
and
Japan; pungens
aureo-maculata, golden leaved;
variegata, silver
pongens
evergreen
Leaves, green
or
E.
DEOIDUOXTS
SPECIES:
8 ft., N. Amerioa.
argentea
"
"
"
"
stichum.
Elephant's
Foot
See
(Testudinaria elephautipes)."
Testudi-
naria.
Elephant's-tooth
Cactus
See Mammillaria.
Eleven
O'CIOCk
Lady
(Mammillaria elephantidens)."
(Ornithogalum umbellatum).
"
See
Ornithogalum.
Elisenai
First
"
introduced
Ord.
Amaryllidese. Warm
1837.
143
greenhouse
bulbous
plant
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOFMDIA
sheltered
"
1889.
CULTXJEE:
wellPosition, sunny,
Soil, sandy peat " leaf-mould.
drained
Water
border.
Plant, Oct. to March.
freely in very dry
weather.
or
Propagate by division of the roots in March
early April.
1 to 2 ft.,China.
E. ohionantha, white, summer,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Tasmaniau
Epacris
(Australian Heath;
Heath). Ord. Epacrishrubs.
First introduced
deae.
Greenhouse
1803.
flowering
evergreen
CULTURE
silver
:
Compost, three-fourths
fibry peat, one-fourth
sand.
doors
Position, lightairy greenhouse Sept. to July, sunny
place outJune
or
tial.
essenJuly to Sept. Repot, April,
good
;
drainage
Majj,
shoots of erect kinds to within
1 in. of base directlyafter
Prune
flowering; pendulouskinds about half-way. Water
moderately at all
to July. Temp., Sept. to March
times.
Syringe plants daily March
to July, 55" to 60".
45" to 50"; March
Stimulants
not essential.
pagate
Proimmediately they ripen on surface of sandy peat
by seeds sown
in temp. 55"; cuttingsof ends of shoots inserted in pots
under
bell-glass
with bell-glass
of sandypeat covered
placed in cool greenhouse in Aug.
"
April.
or
SPECIES
OtTLTIVATED:
E.
hyaointhiflora, white
to
red, March,
to
ft.,
red, winter,
in
trade
to 3
ft., Australia.
Numerous
varieties
and
lists.
Ord. Orchidaceas.
Bigeneric orchids, the result
distinct genera
^Epidendrum and Cattleya. Habit,
intermediate
between
the two
Flowers
borne
in terminal
parents.
spikes. Require similar culture to Epidendrums.
Epi-Cattleya.
of
"
hybridisingtwo
HYBRIDS
yellow and
purple.
CULTIVATED:
vermilion;
"
E.
matutina
radiata-bowringiana
E.
(0. bowringiana
x
radioans),
0. bowriugiana), rosy
(E. radiatum
x
Epidendrum
Ord.
(Dragon's-mouth Orchid; Tree Orchid).
Orchidacese.
Stove " greenhouse epiphytalorchids.
Flowers fragrant.
First introduced
1835.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts fibry peat, one part chopped living
Position, well-drained pots, hanging
sphagnum moss, charcoal 4; sand.
baskets, or on blocks of wood.
Repot or block, Feb. or March; pots
must
be well drained.
Water
three times weekly March
to Aug. ; once
week
a
Aug. to Nov. " Feb. to March; once
month
Nov.
a
to Feb.
Temp, for stove species,65" to 75" March to Sept.,60" to 65" Sept. to
for greenhouse species,45" to 55" Nov.
March;
to April, 55" to 65"
Nov.
to
to Nov.
Resting period, March
April
Growing period,Nov. to
March.
Propagate by division of plants,or by offsets when new
"
growth
begins.
SPECIES:
STOVE
E. atropurpnreum,
brown, white and purple
sprinir
3 ft
and
rose
Trop. Amerioa;
white, July, 3 ft., Mexico ; p'rismatooarpuni
neijorale,
3 ft.,Central
yellow, purple and rose, summer,
creamy
Amerioa; Wallisii * yellow *
and white, winter, 3 ft., Colombia.
crimson
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
E. Titellinum, orange,
scarlet,and yellow, autumn
1
ft., Guatemala.
150
ENCroLOPMMA
EpigBea.
OP
oahdMj^jng.
1736
rockeries.
sandy peat. Position,shady borders
X^"^^'
Di'^H^o^'?''^
division of plant in Oct.
bept., Oct.
Propagate
April.
by
^lant,
or
or
or
SPEOIBS
CULTIVATED:
Ord.
T'P*..^^"^'
hybridising species of
E. repens,
white, fragrant, May, trailing, N. America.
Orchidaceae.
Bigenerio orchids, tJie result of
Epideudrum with those of Laelia. Habit, like
Flowers borne in erect scapes.
Culture, same
"
that
as
of
an
Epidendrum.
required by Epidendruma.
E.
ciliare),
x
Epidendrnm
(L. anceps
hardyana
E. radioans),
x
orimson-purples ; radioo-purpurata iL. purpurata
orange-soarlet, reddish
purple, and lemon-yellow.
EpilObJum
(Willow Herb; Bay Willow; Eose Bay)." Ord. OnagrariesB. Hardy perennial herbs.
Showy plants for wild or town
HTBEIDS
wnite,
CIJLTIVATED:
and
rose,
gardens.
Flowers, rose-pink,crimson ; May to Aug. Soil, ordiborders, or side of water-courses.
Position, shady or sunny
nary.
March.
|^in.deep in
Plant, Oct., Nov. or
Propagate by seeds sown
in
of roots
division
in
outdoors
March, April or Aug. ;
shady position
CULTURE
'
Oct.
March.
or
son,
Willow), crimE. angustifolinm (Kose Bay or French
ft., Europe (Britain)j angustifolium album, white, hirsutum
(Codlma and
Cream), pink or white, July, i ft., Britain; luteum, yellow, summer,
rosmarini6 in., California:
6 in., N. America;
obcordatum, rosy purple, summer,
July, 2 ft.,Europe.
folium,_red,
Epimedium
(Barreu-wort; Bishop's Hat). Ord. BerberidaccEe.
1830.
Leaves, green,
herbaceous
perennials. First introduced
CULTITATBD:
SPECIES
July,
to
"
Hardy
margined
with
CULTURE
coppery
bronze.
"
border
or
or
trees.
well under
April.
division of roots in July or Aug.
and
E. alpinum, crimson
yellow. May, 9 in., Europe;
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
white
and blue. May, 10 in.,
ooncinnum, purple, March, 8 in., Japan; ma^ranthum,
Japan; pinnatum, yellow. May, 13 in.,Persia; rubrum, yellow and red. May, 8 in.,
Japan.
Ord. Orchidaceoe.
Hardy terrestrial orchids.
EpipactUS.
Position, moist shady borders or
CULTURE
:
Soil, peat " chalk.
Collect wild specimens
near
ponds or rivulets. Plant in early autumn.
of plant in
division
after
flowering. Propagate by
rockery; will
Propagate by
do
"
directly
March
or
April.
E.
latifolia,purple, July, 1 ft., Europe (Britain)j
CULTIVATED:
palustris,purple, July, 1 ft., Europe (Britain).
A bigeneric
Orchidaceae.
Ord.
hybrid orchid
EpiphronitiS.
oans.
radiwith
Epideudrum
obtained
Sophronitisgraudiflora
SPECIES
"
by crossing
to
similar
Habit
that
to
Culture, similar
HYBRID
crimson
CULTIVATED:
and
E.
Veitohii
(S. grandiflora
Flowers, large.
Epidendrum
radioans),
yellow.
Epiphyllum
greenhouse
CULTURE
fourth silver
lent
SuccuCactaceae.
1810.
trailingplants. First introduced,
parts turfy loam, peat " leaf-mould, one-
Cactus).
(Leaf-flowering
"
Ord.
Compost, equal
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GAnDBNINO.
OF
May,
HYBRIDS
Gffirtneri
and
white
Brazil.
AND
VARIETIES:
(hybrid), scarlet
purple.
Epistephium.
Feb.;
Ord.
"
First introduced
CULTURE
:
E.
and
Orchidaceae.
ooooineum, scarlet;
violaceum, carmine,
terrestrial
Stove
orchid.
1864.
Compost,
two
parts fibrous
loam,
soil below
one
part sand.
rim
of
Pot,
Water
pot.
Equisetum
tacese.
Williamsii,
B.
mauve,
rose,
white,
(Horsetail; Fox-tailed
Hardy
deciduous
and
yellow,
summer,
Ord. EquiseAsparagus).
perennials. Orn. foliage.Leaves,
herbaceous
"
rush-like, elegant.
Soil,ordinary. Position, bogs, margins of ponds, moist
in pots in a cool shady greenhouse. Plant
or
shady corners,
or
pot,
April. Water
plantsin pots freely whilst growing, moderately at other
times.
Propagate by division of rootstocks in March
or
April.
green,
narrow,
CULTUEE
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
EragrostiS
Hardy
maximum
light,feathery
"
Grass;
floweringgrasses.
annual
CULTUEE
E.
(Feather
"
graceful.
inflorescence in
SPECIES
beds
or
to grow
borders.
in April.
July
CULTIVATED
Eranthemuirii
E.
"
plants.
Propagate
by cuttings
temp. 75"
SPECIES
and
white
of young
March
to
shoots
inserted
in
bell-glassin
July.
CULTIVATED:
beds, lawns,
under
trees
rockeries.
Europe
or
on
qULTIYATED:
E.
hyemalis, yellow,
(Britain).
152
Jan.
to
March, ,
3
u
to
ou
4
^"
in
m.,
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDJENING.
Ercilla,!
Ord. Phytolaccacera.'
Hardy evergreen
introduced 1840.
CITLTURE:
Soil, sandy loam.
Position, south
"
First
creeper.
south
or
walls;
Plant, Sept. or April. Prune
after flowering,cutting away
sunny.
weak
" shortening strong snoots
fourth.
Shoots cling to wall like
one
those of ivy. Propagate by cuttingsor layers in autumn.
SPECIES
10 to 15
CULTIVATED:
E.
yolubilis
ft.,Chili.
Eremostachys
(DesertRod)." Ord.Lahiatae.
Hardy perennial.
First introduced
1731.
CULTUEB:
Soil,light rich. Position, sunny well-drained borders.
Oct.
Plant,
or
April. Cut off spikes after flowering. Propagate by
seeds sown
1-16 in. deep in light soil in sunny
in
positionoutdoors
April; ; division of roots in Oct. or April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
E. laoiniata, rosy purple and
:
yellow, summer,
^ ft.,
Asia Minor.
Eremurus.
Ord.
Liliaceae.
herbaceous
Hardy
perennials.
First introduced
1800.
OULTTJEE:
loam.
tion,
PosiSoil, light deep rich sandy, well-manured
well-drained
beds
borders.
Oct.
planting
Transor
Plant,
Sept.or
sunny
must
is reallynecessary.
Mulch
not be done
oftener
than
with
in
autumn.
Water
freely
well-decayedmanure
copiouslyin hot
weather.
Protect' in winter
bracken
of
or
dry litter.
by a covering
March
division
of
roots
Oct.
seeds
in heat in
m
or
sown
Propagate by
;
in
cold
for
frame
three
first
spring,
growing seedlingson
years.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
E. Aitohinsonii, red, Jnne
and
July, 3 to 5 ft.,
Afghanistan; aurantiacus, orange-yellow. May, 3 to 3 ft., Afghanistan; Bungel,
and July, 1 to 3, ft.,Persia; himalaicus, white. May
and June, 8 ft.,
yellow, June
Himalayas ; kauf mannianus,
yellow, .Tune, 4 ft., Turkestan
Olgse, lilac-purple,
;
and
June, 6 to 10 ft.,
fragrant, 2 to 4 ft., Turkestan;
rohustus, pink. May
Turkestan;
speotabilis,yellow and orange,
June, 2 to 4 ft.,Siberia; turkestanicus,
maroon
and
white, June, 2 to 4 ft., Turkestan.
"
Erianthus
neae.
Hardy
orn.
Grass).
"
Inflorescence
Ord. Gramisimilar to
CULTURE
OP
Ord.
HARDY
Ericaceae.
SPECIES:
Hardy
"
greenhouse
banks
on
sunny rockeries, or margins of borders ; or massed
wild garden. Plant, Oct. or March.
Prune
stragglyshoots
evergreen
Position,
in the
in April.
SPECIES:
GREENHOUSE
CULTURE
OP
Compost, two-thirds
silver sand.
Position, well-drained pots, in
fibrous peat, one-third
lightairy greenhouse Oct. to July, sunny place outdoors July to Oct.
kinds in March,
" winter-flowering
summer-flowering
Repot autumn
the compost firmly in pots. Water
Press
sorts in Sept.
carefully
not
soil
moist
to
rain,
sufiicient
;
uniformly
keep
spring
always,giving
shoots to within 1 or 2 in. of base immediately
Prune
water, essential.
40" to 45"; March
to July 45"
after flowering. Temp., Oct. to March
or
best stimulant.
Soot-water
Propagate greenhouse speciesby
in
well-drained
inserted
in.
1
shoots
of
pot of sandy peat
long
cuttings
in temp. 60" to 70" in spring; hardy species
under bell-glass
by cuttings
or
hand-lightoutdoors in Sept.
inserted in sandy peat under bell-glass
to 55".
153
OF
ENCYGLOPMDIA
or
Oct.; division
of
GARDENING.
in
Sept., Oct.
or
Nov.
6 to 10 ft., Mediterranean
E. arborea, white, May,
Region,
carnea
England;
(S3'n. E. herbacea), pink, Jan. to April,
8 to 12 in.,
G in., Europe;
carnea
alba, white; ciliaria ^Dorset Heath), red, summer,
(Scotch
Britain; cinerea
Heather), crimson-purple, July to Sept., 6 to 12 in.,
Britain
and
Ireland, and its varieiies, alba (white), atropurpurea (purple),coocinea
rosea
(scarlet),purpurea
(purplish rose) ; lusitauica
(Syn. E. codonodes),pinkish
white, Jan. to April, 2 to 6 ft., Spain; Mackaii, red, July and Aug., 1 ft., Ireland;
mediterranea
Syn. ". hibernioa-^pink, April and
(Irish Heath)
May), 4 to 5 ft.,
Ireland, etc.; tetralix (Cross-leaved Heath, or Bell Heather), rosy red, July to
and Ireland;
tetralix alba, white; tetralix rubra, red;
Sept., 6 to 12 in., Britain
(Cornish Heath), pink, July to Sept., 6 in. to 2 ft.,England, France, and
vagans
alba, white; vagans
rubra, red.
Ireland; vagans
E.
and
GBEENHUUSE
SPECIES
:
aitoniana, white
purple, Aug., IS in., S.
Africa; oaffra, white. May, 18 in., S. Africa; cavendishiana
(hybrid), yellow. May,
4 ft.; coocinea, scarlet,June, 1 ft., S. Africa; elegans, rose
and
Aug., 6 in.,
green,
S. Africa;
gracilis, reddish purple, 1 ft., S. Africa; hyemalis (hybrid),
pink, Dec.
to March;
jasminiflora, pink, Aug., 2 ft., S. Africa; macnabiana
(hybrid),pink
and
and
white, June, 18 in. ; marnockiana
white, July
(hybrid),purple, cumson
and Aug., 18 in.; persoluta, purple, April, 16 in., 8. Airica; ventricosa, pink, June,
1 ft., S. Africa, and
its
varieties
alba
(white), carnea
(flesh),and -coocinea
its varieties
alba (white),
vestita, white, June, 3 ft., 8. Africa, and
(scarlet)
;
carnea
(scarlet), incarnata
(pink), lutea
(yellow), purpurea
(flesh),coocinea
(rose); willmoreana, red, June, 12 in., a hybrid.
(purple),and rosea
herbaceous
Erig^eron
(Flea-bane). Ord.
Compositae. Hardy
First
introduced
1628.
perennials.
CULTURE:
moist
rockeries
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
or
borders.
after
Gut
down
stems
Plant, Oct. or March.
flowering.
doors
J in. deep in light soil in shady positionoutPropagateby seeds sown
in
April,May or June ; division of roots in Oct. or March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
; B.
alpinus grandiflorus, purple and yellow, Aug., 12 in..
Northern
12 in., Turkestan
Regions ; aurantiaous
(Orange Daisy), orange, summer,
;
12
Muoronatus, white, pink and
yellow, summer,
in., Australia; Boylei, bluish
6 to 8 in.,Himalayas.
and yellow, summer,
purple^
ErinuSi
Ord.
Scrophularinesa. Hardy herbaceous
perennial.
First introduced
1739.
CULTUEE
" old mortar.
: Soil, decayed vegetable mould
Position,
crevices of old sunny
walls or dryish rockeries.
Plant, March
or
April.
where
Propagate by seeds sown
plantsare to grow in April; division of
plants in April.
SPECIES
OULTIVATED
E. alpinus, violet purple, spring, 6 in., Pyrenees.
:
ilalfEriobotrya
(Loquat; Chinese Medlar). Ord. Eosacea.
shrub.
Fruit
Fruit
of
Loquat
hardy evergreen
flowering
bearing.
about
the size of green
walnut, pale orange-red, downy, borne in
bunches.
OUTDOOE
CULTUEE:
Soil, light deep loam.
Position, against
south walls S. " S.W. of England " Ireland
only. Plant, Sept.to Nov.,
weather
with mats
April or May. Prune, April. Protect in severe
HARDT
hardy
only
SPECIES:
in S.
of
"
"
"
"
or
hurdles.
straw
INDOOR
mould.
CULTURE
Position, beds
Soil, two
leafheated
slightly
one
part
wall
cold or
against
greenhouse. Plant, Oct. or April. Water
moderately Sept.to
afterwards.
April, freely
Syringe daily May to Sept. Prune
stragshoots
in
seeds
in
sown
April.
by
Propagate
Jin.
deep
gung
potsof
Ught soil iucold greenhouse or frame, spring or autumn;
cuttings of
firm shoots inserted in sandy soil in cold frame
or
greenhouse,Aug.;
layeringin Oct.; grafting on common
quince in March; budding on
in July.
hawthorn
back
of
sunny
SPECIES
Japan.
OtrLTIVATED:
Known
also as
E.
Fhotinia
japonioa, white,
japonioa.
154
summer,
10
to
30
ft., China
and
ENOYOLOPMDtA
Eriogronum,
Ord.
"
First introduced
CULTURE:
GAliDMNtlStG.
OF
Polygonaceae. Hardy
perennials.
herbaceous
18H.
borders.
Soil, ordinary. Position, open
Plant, Oct.
in
outdoors
soil
in
in.
J
light
deep
March.
Propagate by seeds sown
April; division of roots in March.
or
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Amerioa.^
N.W.
E.
umbellatuin
12
summer,
in.,
Eriophorum
(Cotton Grass)."Ord. Cyperacese. Hardy aquatic
perennials. Inflorescence borne in spikelets,with cottony tufts on
their extremities.
Soil
CULTURE:
March.
Plant,
ponds.
of
to
division
grow;
plants in March.
of
SPECIES
Britain;
CULTIVATED:
vaginatum,
EriopsiS.
"
First introduced
E. alpinum,
ft., Britain.
Ord.
Orchidaceee.
ft., N.
Hemisphere;
polystaohion,1 ft.,
Stove
evergreen
epiphytal orchid.
1845.
Repot,
Compost, fibrous peat, little sphagnum moss.
Water
three
March
part of stove.
or
April. Position, light sunny
Feb.
"
to
Nov
to
times weekly March
to Aug.;
once
weekly Aug.
in
other times.
Temp.,
a month
Syringe freely summer.
March; once
60" to 70"
March
to Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept. to March
Propagate by
division of pseudo-bulbsat pottingtime.
CULTURE:
E.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Colombia;
Helen"e, orange,
EriOStemorii
First introduced
CULTURE:
"
brown
rutido'fiulbon,
and
yellow,
summer,
ft.,
summer.
Greenhouse
Rutacese.
Ord.
shrubs.
evergreen
1822.
SPECIES
graftingon
E.
"
naceae.
Hardy perennialalpineplant.
1869.
broken
limestone, sandstone, fibry
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts
Position, sheltered crannies of exposed rockeries,
loam, peat " sand.
winter.
moisture
in
excessive
from
be nrotected
where
foliage can
weather.
Propagate
Plant, April. Protect by panes of glassin rainy
in gentleheat in spring.
by division of plants in April ; seeds sown
SPECIES
N.
CULTIVATED:
Temperate
E.
nanum,
sky blue
Regions.-
Erodium
yellow, summer,
and
.
Ord.
(Heron's bill)."
-
Geramacese.
Tr
-i
Hardy
to
m.,
"
perennial
1640.
First introduced
Position, dry sunny borders or rockeries.
CULTURE
: Soil, sandy.
Propagate by seeds
or
April. Transplant very seldom.
Plant, March
55"
in March
or
in
soil
April,
temp.
sown
i in. deep in pots of sandy
in
roots
of
division
in
June
or
outdoors
July;
seedlings
herbs.
transplanting
and pink,
E. ohamsedryoides (Syn. E. Beichardi),white
CULTIVATED
:
maoradenium,
violet, flesh and
Islands;
Sept., 2 to 3 in., Balearic
1 to 2 ft.,
Manesoavi, purplish red, summer,
6 in., Pyrenees;
purple, summer,
6
Pyrenees.
in.,
July,
Pyrenees; petrajum, purple,
SPECIES
April to
155
IN
GARDEN
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
(Sea Holly)."Ord.
Eryngium
herbs.
Orn.
bracts.
CULTUEE:
foliage.
TJmbelliferae.
surrounded
heads
Flower
d.
Hardy perennial
by spiny coloured
Position, dryish
borders.
1-16 in.
division
of
;
sunny
seeds
April. Propagate by
frame
in April or May
or
sown
and
1 to 2 ft.,
OULTIVATED:
E. alpinum, bine
white, summer,
amethystinum, purple, July and Aug:., 12 to 18 in., Europe ; Bourgatii, blue,
3 to 4 ft., Armenia;
to Aug., 1 to 2 ft., Spain;
June
giganteum, blue, summer,
mer,
maritimum, bluish white, July to Oct., 1 to 2 ft.,Britain; oliyerianum, blue, sum10 to 15 ft., Konte
2 to 4 ft..Orient;
pandanifolium, purplish,summer,
Video;
1 to 2 ft., Europe.
planum, blue, summer,
Erynso
(Eryngium amethystinum). See Eryngium.
SPECIES
Europe
"
Erysimum
(Alpine Wallflower; Hedge Mustard). Ord. Cruciferse. Hardy annuals, biennials," perennials. First introduced
1823.
Ht. 1 to 12 in.
beds or rockeries.
CULTURE
: Soil,ordinary.Position, dryish sunny
where
Plant, March
or
April. Propagate annual speciesby seeds sown
in
seeds
in
to
are
sown
biennials,
plants
by
required grow
April;
sunny
place outdoors in June, transplantingseedlingsto flowering positions
advised
for biennials, also by
as
in
Aug. ; perennials,by seeds sown
under
inserted
in
soil
or
cuttings
sandy
hand-light cold frame in Aug. ;
division of plants in March
or
April.
SPECIES
ANNUAL
E. perofskianum, reddish
:
spring to autumn, 1 ft.,
orange,
"
Caucasus.
N.
BIENNIAL
America.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
SPECIES
Europe;- rupestre
Asia
E.
:
E.
(Syn. E.
arkansanum,
asperum
yellow and
Minor.
Erythrsea
Hardy
Centaury)." Ord. Gentianaceae.
(Blush-wort;
perennial alpineplants.
rockeries.
Plant,
:
Position, sunny
Soil, sandy loam.
soil in
in
seeds
1-16
in.
sown
light
by
deep
April. Propagate
m
or
April ; division of plants in March
April.
annual
or
CULTURE
March
or
cold frame
ANNUAL
SPECIES
Muhlenbergi, pink
PERENNIAL
and
E.
oentaurium,
white,
summer,
Massoni,
SPECIES:
pink,
6 to
rose,
June
to Sept., 6 to
in., California.
summer,
to
15
in., Britain;
in., Azores.
ceous
(Coral-tree).Ord. Leguminosse. Half-hardy herbashrubs.
perennials" greenhouse deciduous
Flowering " orn.
1690.
foliage. First introduced
CULTURE
OP
SHRUBBY
SPECIES:
Compost, equal parts loam,
" sand.
Position,pot in warm
peat, well-decayedmanure
greenhouse,
Erythrina.
"
at base of south
wall S. of England.
Pot or plant, March.
Prune
shoots away
close to old wood
in Oct.
Water
freely April to Sept.;
of time.
keep almost dry remainder
Temp., Sept.to March 45" to 50";
March
to Sept. 55" to 65".
Store plants in pots on their sides in greenhouse
duringwinter. Place in lightpart of structure March to June,
then stand
Protect
in
outdoor
positionoutdoors.
sunny
plants with
covering of ashes.
CULTURE
SPECIES
above.
: Compost, same
as
9F HERBACEOUS
Position, pot in warm
March.
down
greenhouse.
Cut
Pot,
sunny
Water
to
floweringstems in autumn.
April
freely
Sept.; keep nearly
or
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
E.
SPECIES
OTTLTIVATED:
oitriodora
(Oitron-soonted Gum), 15 to 20 ft.,
Anstralia; saitable for pot cnltare; globulus (Blue Oom), 15 to 20 ft., Australia,
culture; resinifera,30 to
pots or outdoors; Gunnii, 15 to 20 ft.,suitable for outdoor
60 ft.
Eucharidium.
"
Ord.
annuals.
Onagrariese. Hardy
First
troduced
in-
1787.
beds
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary rich.
Position, sunny well-drained
to
borders.
in.
where
1-16
seeds
are
sown
plants
Propagate by
deep
in
in
March
or
for
or
summer
April
early
Aug.
flowering,
Sept.
grow
for mid-summer
lings
flowering. Thin seedflowering," June for autumn
to 2 in. apart when
1 in. high.
SfEOIES
8 in.,
CULTIVATED:
E. Breweri, wMte,
lilao, and purple, summer,
1 ft., California.
California; oonoinnum, purple, summer,
Eucharis
(Amazon Lily). Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Stove bulbous
1851.
flowering plants. Evergreen. First introduced
CULTURE
posed
two parts fibrous loam, one
: Compost,
part peat, decom" sand.
sheep manure
Position, well-drained
pots on a bed or
stage heated beneath to temp. 85" in plant stove. Pot in June or July,
placing six bulbs in a 10 in. pot. Press compost down firmly. Repotting
not needful
oftener than
three or four years.
Water
once
every
mer.
Syringe freelyin summoderately Oct. to April, freely afterwards.
after
flower
stems
Liquid manure
apply twice a week
appear.
with
rich compost.
Top-dress established plants annually in March
55" to 65"; Deo. to
to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to Dec.
Temp., March
March
65" to 75".
J in. deep in sandy soil in
Propagate by seeds sown
from
offsets removed
old bulbs " placed
temp. 85" in Feb. or March;
singly in 3 in. pots in June or July.
1 ft., Colombia;
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
E. Candida,
white, autumn,
grandiflora (Syn. E. amazonioa), white, March
to Deo., 1 to 2 ft., Colombia, and
its
and
varieties, Lowii, Moorei
fra^rans; Mastersii, white, spring, 12 to 18 in.,
and
Colombia;
GteTensii,
Sanderi, white
yellow, spring, 12 to 18 in., Colombia;
white
and
yellow, spring, 1 ft., hybrid.
or
"
Eucomis
bulb
in a 5 in. pot.
Pot, Oct. or March, placing one
little
to
Water
March
to
Sept.
March, moderately
May, freely
very
afterwards.
45" to 50* ; March
to Sept. 55" to
Temp., Sept. to March
65".
Apply liquidmanure
occasionallywhen flower spike shows.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
Soil, ordinary light rich. Position, sunny,
:
well-drained
border.
Plant, Sept., Oct. or March, placing bulbs 3 in.
below
surface " 6 in. apart. Protect
in winter
by covering of ashes,
oocoanut-fibre
refuse
or
manure.
"
Propagate by offsets removed
transplanted in Sept. or Oct.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
E. punctata, green
and
brown, Aug., 18 in. to 2 ft.;
and purple, spring, 2 ft.; undulata, green.
regia, green
May, 2 ft.
Ord. Rosacese.
Eucryphia.
Half-hardy evergreen
flowering
shrub.
greenhouse.
"
CULTURE:
against S.
Propagate
SPECIES
or
S.W.
Position,
shrubberies;
warm
greenhouse.
Plant
in
10 ft
Chili
autumn.
by layers in autumn.
CULTIVATED
:E.
pinnatifolia,
white, Aug.,
8 to
Eugrenia
(FruitingMyrtle)." Ord. Myrtacese.
Stove
"
flowering shrubs.
Evergreen. First introduced .1768.
black, rose; globular,fragrant, edible; autumn.
158
house
green-
Fruit,
ENOrOLOPJSDtA
CULTURE
OF
GAUDENING.
Pot, Feb.
or
Brazil,
Eu
Ialia."
See
Miscanthus.
Euonymus
stracesB.
Hardy
Cela-
"
foliage. Leaves
Orn.
white
yellow.
"
speciesin
Position, deciduous
Soil, ordinary;.
CULTURE:
beries;
shrub-
in
frame,
Sept. or Oct.
2 ft., TTnited
States; atropurpurens,
E. amerioanus,
SPECIES:
DECIDTJOrS
and
Siberia; latifolius,
10 ft., N. America;
europseus, 10 to 15 ft., Europe (Britain)
Asia.
8 ft., Europer and
i,
",
r.^.
and
4 to 6 ft., China
B. japonious, leaves green,
Japan;
SPECIES:
EVERGREEN
with
(leaves
and
white^, aureus
its varieties
albo-marginata (leaves margined
and
variegated with white), ovatns
yellow), latifolius albo-variegatus(leaves broad
(leavesgolden); radioans, 1 ft., Japan, and its silvery and golden-leaved
.aureus
.
.^
"forms.
and
CULTURE
baceous
her-
Compositae. Hardy
Eupatorium
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary. Position, open
or
April.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
SPECIES
:
Compost,
GREENHOUSE
SHRUBBY
HARDY
OP
borders, shrubberies.
OF
CULTURE
with
manure
equal parts loam " dried cow
pots in lightgreenhouse Sept.to June; cold
March
to
April.
Sept.
to
Prune
March,
immediately
after
feely afterwards.
Position,
Sept. Pot,
little sand.
frame
June
to
flowering. Water
Temp., Sept.
to
March
moderately
45"
frequentlyto
55" to 60". Apply liquidmanure
June
the
out
m
open garden
plantsin flower. Both speciesmay be planted
" placed
lifted
be
"
then
in June, have their shoots frequentlypinched,
in pots for floweringin greenhouse.
March
; greenhouse
Propagate hardy species by division in Oct. or
soil in temp. "5"
in
inserted
shoots
sandy
of
cuttings
young
by
species
or
April.
to 65" in March
"..,.."."
America
2 to
4 ft., N.
;
E.
SPECIES
ageratoides, white, summer,
:
HARDY
2
to
4 ft.,Britain;
purpureum
oannabium
(Hemp Agrimony), reddish purple, July,
3 to 6 ft., N. America.
(Trumpet Weed), purplish, autumn,
atrorubens), red, Jan,
E. atrorubens
(Syn. Hebechnium
SPECIES
:
GREENHOUSE
to 50" ; March
to
159
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
ianthemum
iantlunum), purple,
Marcli, 12 to 18 m.^ Mexico;
(Syn. Hebecliuium
weinmanniaiium
wiuter, 2 ft., Mexico ; riparium, white, spring, 2 to 3 ft.,Mexico;
2 to 3 ft., Mexico
tSyn. E. odoratum), white, autumn,
Euphorbia.
(Spurge; Caper Spurge; Poinsettia). Ord. Euphorto
"
biaceae.
Stove
tardy floweringshrubs
and
or
herbs.
loam
CULTURE
OF STOVE
SPECIES
: Compost, equal parts fibrous
of sand.
Position, sunny dry part of stove,
peat with liberal amount
with shoots trained up roof, wall, or on
June.
trellis. Pot, March
or
Water
moderately Sept. to Jan.; keep almost dry Jan. to May; freely
afterwards.
Temp., Jan. to May 50" to 55"; May to Sept.65*^to 75";
Sept. to Jan. 55" to 65". Prune E. fulgens in June, cutting shoots back
to within
1 in. of base.
CULTURE
OP
POINSETTIA
: Flowers, insignificant.
Bracts, sear,
white.
let, white; winter.
Foliage, green or variegated with creamy
"
Compost, four parts fibrous loam, one part decayed cow
manure,
half a part silver sand.
Position, pots or beds with shoots trained to
back wall of stove.
old plants in temp. 65" to
Young
Plants
: Place
75" in May.
Remove
shoots
when
2
to
3 iu. long, insert singly
young
in 2 in. pots filled with sandy loam
" peat, and
plunge to the rims in
in propagator. When
bottom
heat of 85", under
a bell-glass
or
rooted,
place singlyin 4 in. pots, plunge again in bottom heat for a few days,
then remove
well rooted
transfer to
to shelf near
as
glass. As soon
6 or 8 in. pots, keep near
glass for week or so, then gradually harden,
to temp. 55".
frame
until Sept., when
remove
place in cold sunny
from
when
Shade
in cold frame.
W^ater freely. Syringe
mid-day sun
twice daily. Ventilate freely on fine days. Transfer
plantsinto temp.
60" to 65" end of Sept. Water
twice
moderately. Apply stimulants
After
of
week.
40"
to
to
a
a
45", keep roots
floweringremove
temp,
Plants
their
side
under
store
"
Old
: Prune
quitedry
staging.
pots on
for
second
latent
unless
bud or
to
snoots,
producing cuttings,
required
from
of
their
end
When
shoots
1
form
in.
base,
new
long,
April.
eye
old soil from
turn
roots, cut off the
plants out of their pots, remove
ends of latter," repot in pots just large enough to take roots
straggling
Place
in temp. 65" to 75" from pruning time.
" little compost.
Repot
small pots are
filled with roots.
Place in cold
into larger size when
move
" syringe freely. Reframe
or
pitsduring July " Aug. Water
sunny
lants
stimuto temp. 55" to 60", Sept.; 60" to 70", Oct. onwards.
Apply
twice a week
Oct., until bracts are fully developed, then cease.
treat as advised
for young
After flowering,
plants. Beds : Compost, as
Train
the
shoots
above.
freely
Plant, July.
thinly to wall. Water
shoots to within
while growing ; after floweringkeep quite dry. Prune
latent bud of their base, end of Sept. Temp., April to Sept. 65"
one
to 75"; Sept. to April 55" to 60".
Average height of a well-grown
in.
18
of
diameter
12
to
of a well-grown head
Average
plant
young
"
bracts 10 to 15 in.
OF HARDY
CULTURE
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary. Position, dry
rockeries.
Plant, March
or
April.
serted
shoots 3 in. long inspeciesby cuttings of young
of
in
70"
in
June
pots
sandy compost
May,
temp.
by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in cold frame
or July ; hardy species
in dryishpositionsoutdoors
seeds sown
in April,division of
in summer,
in
Oct.
or
April.
plants
Pbop
SIOYE
stove
AGATE
in well-drained
.SPECIES:
winter, 2 to
autumn,
red,
summer,
to
6
4
E.
fulgens (Syn.
ft., Mexico;
E. jaoquiueefiora),
and
scarlet, autumn
puloherrima (Syn, Poinsettia pulcherrima), scarlet,
punicea, soarlet, April, 6 ft., Jamaica;
splendens,
ft., Mexico;
ft.,Madagascar.
160
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OP
GAEDBNINO.
SPECIES
: E. Cyparissias (Cypress Spurge), yellow, June, 2 ft., Europe
:
5
lathyris (Caper Spurge), yellow, June
and
July, 3 to 4 ft., biennial, Europe;
Myrsinites, yellow, summer,
trailing,S. Europe.
Box
Thorn
Europea.n
(Lycium europaeum). See Lycium.
"
"
European
European
Eurya.
Cyclamen
Palm
"
"
againstsoutTi
grown
bjr"cuttingsof
65" in
to
SPECIES
wall
outdoors
in S. of
inserted
shoots
young
England "
in sandy
Ireland.
gate
Propasoil in temp. 60"
spring.
OULTITATED:
India, China,
white, 6 ft.
and
Eurycles
E.
Japan
latif olia
and
white, 5 ft.,
and
green
creamy
(Brisbane Lily).
plants.
"
First
introduced
"
above
compost,
SPECIES
20
in
temp.
ft., Brazil;
Evening'
Evening
Evening
Evergreen
Evergreen
Evergreen
Cupressus.
Evergreen
85"
in spring.
edulis, 10 to 20 ft., Trop.
America;
oleraoea, 10
speoioaa, 10 to 20 ft.
See Hesperantha.
Flo^wer.
QHnothera
Primrose
biennis). See (Enothera.
See Cooperi.
Star
(CooperiaDrummondi).
AlKanet
(Anchusa sempervirens). See Anchusa.
Candytuft
(Iberissempervirens). See Iberis.
E.
CULTIVATED:
Evergreen
Evergreen
Evergreen
Evergreen
to
"
"
"
"
"
See
(Cupressus sempervirens).
Cypress
"
(Crataeguspyracantha).
Fire-thorn
"
See
gus.
Cratae-
"
Oak
"
"
"
Ligustrum.
Evergreen
Everlasting
Rose
(Eosa
Flowers.
sempervirens).-See Eosa.
See Helipterum, Helichrysum, Wait"
"
Everlasting
Everlasting
Pea
See Lathyrus.
(Lathyruslatifolius).
"
Sand-flower
(Ammobium
alatum).
See
"
Ammcbium.
161
GAEDMNINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Eve's-CUShion
(Saxifrag^ahypuoides). See Saxifraga.
Ewer's
Stonecrop
(Sedum Ewersi). See Sedum.
acd
Exacum.
Ord.
Gentianaceae.
annuals
Stove
perennials.
First introduced
1848.
" sand.
Position, pots
CULTUEE
: Compost, equal parts peat, loam
pagate
in light part of plant stove.
Water
freely. Temp., 65" to 75". Proin temp. 75" to 80"
surface of fine compost
on
by seeds sown
in
April, transplantingseedlings when large enough to handle into
small pots " thence into a larger size later on ; perennialspeciesalso by
"
"
"
cuttings.
PERENNIAL
E.
SPECIES:
affine, bluish
Oct.,
to
in.,
ft.,
Socotra.
ANNUAL
SPECIES
Ceylon.
Exeter
Elm
Oak
Exeter
B.
""
zelanioum
macranthum,
Tiolet
purple, autumn,
var.
(tJlmus montana
fastigiata).See TJlmus.
var.
crispa). See Quercus.
(Quercus
Ord.
Eosaceae.
(Pearl Bush).
Hardy deciduous
"
"
Exochorda
"
1854.
First introduced
floweringshrubs.
CULT0EE:
Soil, ordinary.
Plant, Oct.
Position, shrubberies.
seeds
in sandy
to Feb.
Prune
after flowering.
sown
Propagate by
shoots
serted
insoil in cold frame
in spring or autumn;
of
cuttings
young
in sandy soil under
in
summer
bell-glass
portions
; gfraitingon
of its own
roots in temp. 60" in spring.
OULTIVATEIJ:
SPECIES
E. AJberti,white. May, 5 to 6 ft.,Turkestan; grandiflora (Syn. Spireea grandiflora), white. Hay, 6 ft., China.
Fabiana
Solanaceae.
flowering
(False Heath). Ord.
Hardy
shrub.
1838.
First introduced
Evergreen.
CTJLtuEE
Position, against south or west walls ;
: Soil, ordinary.
cool greenhouses N. of England.
Plant, Oct. or April. Water
plants
in pots moderately in winter, freely in summer.
or
Eepot, March
of
firm
shoots
in
inserted
Propagate
by
sandy
cuttings
April.
youn^f
soil under
in cold greenhouse, or in cold frame
in March
or
bell-glass
"
April.
OULTIYATED:
SPECIES
P.
Fasopyum
ft.. Chili.
Ord.
(Buckwheat).
Polygonaceae. Hardy annual.
seed
for
and
pheasant
yielding
poultry feeding; also for
in
Good
bee plant also.
or
as
a
manure.
ploughing digg:ing
green
Sow in
CTJLTUEE:
Soil, light,sandy, or brashy; clay unsuitable.
in.
Sin.
6
to
in
shallow
drills
Harvest
when
apart.
greatest
May
for
Grown
early
has matured,
seeds do
as
when
moist
with
dew.
morning
Seed
when
flowering begins.
25
to
bushels.
30
yieldper acre,
of
amount
in
manure
Average
seed
Aversigeprice-per bushel,
501b.
SPECIES
Asia.
Fagrus
orn.
"
P.
CULTIVATED:
(Beech).
"
foliage trees.
striped,copper,
Ord.
5s. to
ripen
not
Plough
or
to
an
sow
Weight
of
all at
dig
once.
in
as
acre,
bushel
Cut
green
bushel.
of seeds,
6s.
white, summer,
Cupuliferae.Hardy
ft..Central
deciduous
" evergreen
silver striped,
golden
purple.
deciduous
Common
162
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
in March
or
kinds
gated
varie-
del
20 to 30 ft., Terra
SPECIES
CULTITATED:
Ounninghamii,
evergreen,
Faego; sylvatioa (Common Beeoh), 70 to 80 ft., deoiduons, Europe (Britain);and its
varieties, ouprea
(Copper Beecli), heteropliylla, incisa and queroifolia (Gut-leaved
Beeohes), pendola (Weeping Beecli),purpurea
(Purple Beeoli) and argenteo-variegatis (Silver-leaved
Beeon).
Fair
Maids
of
February
(Galauthus nivalis). See
"
Galauthus.
of
Maids
Fair
See
granulata).
"
Fair
(Ranunculus aconitifolius,Saxifraga
France
Ranunculus,
of
Maids
Saxifraga.
See
(Ranunculus aconitifolius).
Kent
"
culus.
Ranun-
Fairy
Fairy
Fairy
Fairy
Borage
(Eritrichium nanum). See Erithrichium.
Fingers
(Digitalis
purpurea). See Digitalis.
Moss
Floating'
(Azollacaroliniana). See AzoUa.
chium.
See EritriForget-me-not
(Eritrichium nanum).
Fairy
Fairy
Fairy
Heron's-biil
False
False
"
"
"
"
See
Rosa.
minima).
(Erysimum pumilum). See
(Erodium Reichardi).
"
indica
Rose
(Rosa
Wallflower
Acacia."
See
Grass
Brome
Erodium.
See
"
"
Erysimum.
Robinia.
podium.
(Boltonia asteroides). See Boltonia.
Cherry
(Prunus pseudo-cerasus).See Prunus.
Head
False
(Physostegia virginiana).
Dragon's
Physostegia.
Goat's-beard
False
(Astilbejaponica). See Astilbe.
False
Grape
(Vitisquinquefolia). See Vitis.
False
False
Chamomile
"
"
See
"
"
"
False
False
False
False
False
False
False
False
Heath.
See Fabiana.
"
Hellebore
"
Hemp
"
"
dendron.
Rhodo-
(Baptisiaauatralis).See Baptisia.
Indigo
"
Mallow.
"
Mitre-vwort
Plantain."
Starvwort
Malvastrum.
See
See
(Tiarellacordifolia)."
See
Tiarella.
Heliconia.
"
"
"
Farfugium.
Ord.
"
See
Senecio.
Araliaeeae.
GREENHOTJSE
Half-hardy
CULTURE:
Paper-plant; Fig-leafPalm).^
foliagedshrubs.
Compost, two partssandy loam, one
Rice
(Japanese Aralia;
Fatsia
orn.
" sand.
part leaf-mould, decayed manure
dwelling-room.
or
cool
in
greenhouse,
Water
OUTDOOR
sheltered
CULTURE:
shrubberies in
Temp., Sept
warm
districts.
Position,
Requires protectionin
to
severe
inserted
by grafting
g2
BNOYOLOPMDIA
on
speciesin temp.
spring.
common
rootiugin
GARDENING.
OF
75" in March
April;
or
tall
plants by
stem-
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
horrida, leaves palmate and Bpiny, 4 to 6 ft.,Japan,
: F.
Aralia
japonioa (Syn. Aralia
or
Sieboldii), the Japanese
Fig-leaf Palm,
leaves green,
and
palmate, 3 to 6 ft., Japan, a popular room
greenhouse plant;
papyrifera
(Chinese Rice Paper-plant), syn. Aralia
papyrifera, 6 to 8 ft., China.
There
silver and
are
golden variegated forms of F. japonica.
Feather-few
(Chrysanthemum Parthenium). See Chrysanthemum.
eto, ;
"
Feather-foil
Feather
Grass
"
See
Ord.
Valerianaceae.
Hardy annual.
First introduced
1796.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, open beds, rockeries, or borders.
in boxes or pots of light soil in temp.
Propagate by seeds sown
55" in March, transplantinginto borders
in May ; or outdoors
in April
where
plants are to grow.
F.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Cornuoopiie, red, lilao, rose, and carmine, July,
6 in., S. Europe,
Feeai
See Trichomanes
Felt-wort
(Verbascum Thapsus). See Verbascum.
Female
Oak
(Quercus pedunculata). See Quercus.
Fennel
(Foeniculum vulgare). See Pceniculum.
Fennel
Flower
(Nigelladamascena). See Nigella.
"
"
"
"
"
"
Fennel-leaved
Fen
Rue
See
Paeony
(Pasonia tenuifolia)."
(Thalietrum flavum)." See Thalictrum.
Fenugreek
Fenzlla.
(Trigonellafoenum
"
Fern-leaved
See
Gilia.
Beech
groseum).
"
See
Paeonia.
Trigonella.
(Fagus sylvaticaasplenifolia).
"
See
Fagus.
Fern-leaved
Fern-leaved
Castanea.
Fern-leaved
Fern-leaved
See Betula.
Fern
Palm
Birch
laciniata')."See
(Betula populifolia
Chestnut
(Castanea
Sumach
vesca
Betula
See
asplenifolia)."
Weeping
(Cycas revoluta).
"
See
Cycas.
Ferraria
(Black Iris). Ord. Iridacese.
Hardy " half-hardy
bulbous
Deciduous.
First
introduced
1755.
plants.
CULTURE
OF GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
: Compost, two
parts sandy
eool
loam, one
Position,
Place
bulbs
peat.
greenhouse. Pot, Nov.
with point just below
surface " 1 to 2 in. apart.
Water
occasionally
to June; keep quite dry July to Nov.
Nov.
to Feb.; moderately Feb.
Temp., Nov. to Feb. 40" to 45"; Feb. to June, 50" to 60".
CULTURE:
OUTDOOR
Soil, rich sandy.
wellPosition, sunny
border.
drained
Plant ij"March
2
to
in.
or
3
April
deep. Lift bulbs
" store in cool, dry,frost-proof place until planting time, or
in Nov.
in
protectin ground by covering of ashes, decayed leaves, or manure
winter.
Jin. deep in well-drained pots of
Propagate by seeds sown
or
sandy soil in temp. 50" to 60" in March
April; by offsets at potting
or
planting time.
OLUTITATED:
F. undulata, brown
SPECIES
and
purple, March
Anril
and
*^
6 to 8 in., S. Africa.
Ferula
(Giant Fennel)." Ord. Umbelliferse.
Hardy herbaceous
"
164
branches.
Pinch
liquidmanure
point
in
once,
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
off
Aug.
vigorous
to trees
young
in
shoots
bearing heavily.
July. Apply
Figletssize of
Oct.
branches
in Deo. with straw
Protect
in
or
mats, removing
April.
CTJLTUEE
OP PIG
UNBEE
GLASS
border, time
: Compost, position,
of planting as
trained
above.
Branches
against wall.
up roof or
Mode
of bearing : On shoots of previous year's growth for first crop ;
those of current
above.
for
Prune
" pinch as
second
year
crop.
Disbud
" syringe
shoots when
too many
are
forming. Water
young
freely in summer.
Apply liquid manure
occasionallyin summer.
Temp, for forcing,50" to 65".
POT
CTJLTUEE
FIG:
OF
Compost, turfy loam, little bonemeal.
Position, ordinary greenhouse,vinery or forcing house.
Pot, Nov. to
freely when
April. Size of pots, 10 or 12 in. Water
growing, very
little when
twice weekly to trees bearing
not.
Apply liquid manure
fruit.
Syringe daily when in growth. Pinch points off young shoots
when
latter are
9 in. long. Protect
pots with covering of straw Nov.
the air.
to Jan. " partially
to
branches
expose
in light soil in a temp, of 65" to
Pbopaoate
the fig by seeds sown
70" in Jan., afterwards growing seedlings
in pots until they bear fruit
on
filberts
in
remove
Sept. or
both
it
be
can
seen
6 in.
shoots
1S48.
See Ficus.
Fig.
Fig Marigold
"
crystallinum). See
(Mesembryanthemum
Mesem-
"
bryanthemum.
Fig
Tree
Filbert
Ferns.
plants.
Orn.
bright green,
"
Pinus.
(Cratseguspyracantha).
"
See
ffirevoortia Ida^-Maia
and
Crataegus.
Cuphea platycentra)."
Cuphea.
Tllistle
"
" Trichomanes.
Abies, Picea,
Fire
Busll
Fire
Cracker
See Brevoortia
"
Fish-bone
Fittonia.
Hymenophyllum, Todea,
"
Flower
See
See
"
Fern
Finger
Finger
"
"
"
Filmy
Fir.
Ord.
See Cnicus.
(Cnicus Casabonas)."
Stove evergreen
perennialtrailing
Acanthacese.
red
or
white
1869.
Leaves,
dark
green
or
veins.
pure
CTJLTUEE:
Compost, equal parts peat, loam " sand.
Position,
shallow pans, pots, or surface of beds in shady
part of plant stove, also
in Wardian
Water
cases.
afterwards.
moderately Nov. to Feb.,
freely
Temp.,
Oct.
to March
55" to
60";
March
166
to Oct.
65"
to 75".
Propagate
ENOYCLOPJSDIA
OF
GARDENING.
March.
CULTIVATED
SPBOIES
Peru; gigantea, leaves
leaves
veined
green,
with
Five-leaved
F.
leaves
argyroneura,
witli
red, 8 in., Pern.
:
green,
veined
Indian
Cress
reined with
green,
to
15
red, 12
in., Peru;
white, 6 in.,
Tersohaffeltii,
(Tropeeolumpentaphyllum).
"
See
Tropseolum.
"
"
"
"
"
Flax.
Flax
Liuum.
See
"
Lily
Fleabane.
"
Flesh-coloured
Veronica.
See
"
Fleur-de-Lis
Florence
Florentine
Florentine
Florida
"
Oil-plant
"
"
"
"
"
"
Flower
Flowering
Flowering^
Flowering;
Flowering
Floweriner
Flowering
Fern.
"
See
Anemia.
Ash
"
Currant
"
"
"
"
ceteria.
See Butomus.
(Butomus umbellatus).
(Tradescantiavirginica).See Tradescantia.
Flower-of-an-hour
(Hibiscus Trionum). See Hibiscus.
See Oncidium.
FIOwer-of-the-Dead
(Oncidium tigrinum).
Gods
Flower
of the
(Disa grandiflora).See Disa.
(Lonicera xylostemma). See Lonicera.
Fly Honeysuckle
Orchis
Fly
(Ophrys mucifera)."See Ophrys.
Fly-trap
(Dionseamuscipula). See Dionaea.
Flower
Foam
(Tiarellacordifolia).See Tiarella.
Ord. Umbelliferse.
FoenlCUlum
Hardy perennial
(Fennel).
Rush
Flowering
Flower-Of-a-day
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
" garnishing.
herb.
Leaves
used for sauces
Plant, March
Position, sunny border.
CULTITEE
: Soil, ordinary.
flower
stems
as
asunder.
Remove
15
in.
in
in.
rows
12
or
apart
April,
seeds
wanted.
sown
is
seed
Jin.
unless
by
Propagate
soon
as
seen,
deep in drills 6 in. apart in March; division of roots in March.
2 ft., Europe
P. vulgare (Fennel), yellow, autumn,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
(Britain).
Forbidden
Fruit
(Citrusdecumana). See Citrus.
See Myosotis.
Forget-me-not."
(Asplenium septentrionale).
Forked
Spleenwort
Asplenium.
"
"
167
See
BNCYCLOP^DIA
OF
GARDENING.
Hardy
Bell-tree). Ord. Oleaceae.
(Japanese Golden
1845.
introduced
s
hrubs.
Deciduous.
First
flowering
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
Position, against south or
: Soil, ordinary.
of
in
sheltered
west
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
walls, or
shrubbery.
parts
Forsythia.
Prune
after
"
flowering.
" sand.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts loam, one leaf-mould
in
well-drained
cool
Dec.
to May,
or
warm
Position,
greenhouse
pots
outdoors
of year.
remainder
Water
Pot, Oct. to Dec.
very little till
inserted
in sandy
March, then apply freely. Propagate by cuttingfs
soil under
in
cold
or
frame, Oct. or Nov.;
hand-light; or
bell-glass
or
layering in Oct. or Nov. ; grafting on the privetin March
April.
F. intermedia, yellow, Feb.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
and
March, 8 ft., fiybrid;
yellow, Maroh, 8 ft., China; Tiridissima, yellow, March, 10 ft., China
Guapensa,
and
Japan.
Bamboo
Fortune's
(Arundinaria Fortunei)."See Arundi-
POT
naria.
Plantain
Fortune's
Fothersiila
Hardy floweringshrubs.
CULTURE
"
"
Compost,
Deciduous.
well-drained
First
introduced
See
Funkia.
Hamamelideae.
1765.
ders.
soil, sandy peat. Position, bor-
after
Prune
flowering. Propagate by
Plant, Oct. to March.
1-16 in. deep in pans of moist
seeds sown
sandy peat in temp, of 45" to
55" in March
or
April; layeringshoots in Oct. or Nov.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
F. Gardeni
white, fragrant. May,
(Syn. F. alnifolia),
3 to 6 ft.. United
States.
Fountain
Fountain
Fox
Chop
themum.
Plant
Tree
(Amaranthus
Cedrus.
(Cedrus deodora).
(Mesembryanthemum
vulpinum). See
"
See
"
Foxglove
Mesembryan-
(Digitalis
purpurea). See Digitalis.
(Ros.aspinosissima).See Rosa.
Fragaria
Hardy " half-hardy
(Strawberry). Ord. Eosaceas.
perennialfruit-bearing" oru. trailingplants. Virginian Strawberry
Fox
"
Rose
"
"
first introduced
1629.
CULTURE
OP
SPECIES
ORNAMENTAL
(P. indica): Compost, two
" sand.
Position, pots in hanging
parts loam, one
part leaf-mould
well-drained
baskets in cool greenhouse or window, or on sunny
rookery.
Pot or plant,March.
Water
oocamoderately. Apply liquidmanure
sionallyin summer.
CULTURE
OF. STRAWBERRY:
Soil, deep rich sandy loam; clay
unsuitable.
2 ft. deep ;
Position, open
plots or borders, trenched
Plant, Aug., Sept.,or
alpinekind under shade of trees or on banks.
18 in. apart in rows
March
2\ii. asunder; alpines6 in. apart. Mulch
in March,
" a thin
in May.
layer of straw
annually with manure
1 oz. sulphate of potash,2 oz. superhosphate
Suitable artificial manure,
" 1 oz. of nitrate
in autumn,
of soda per square
appli,ed
yard, applied
fruit has set.
Remove
when
when
No digging
runners
they appear.
Renew
beds
between
three
rows
four
or
necessary.
every
years.
CULTURE:
POT
calcareous
loam, one-third
Compost, two-thirds
little bone
dust.
Position, on bed of cinder ashes
decayed manure,
outdoors
Oct. to Jan.; greenhouses or vineries
Aug. to Oct.; frames
Pot
after Jan.
Water
singly in 6 in. pots in Aug.
moderately till
Fertilize blossoms
Oct., very little till Jan., freelyafterwards.
by
of camel-hair
brush.
Thin
fruit when
means
set to a few
each
on
after fruit has set until it beginsto
plant. Feed with liquidmanure
168
ENOYOLOPMmA
OARDmtNO.
Of
ripen.
to March
not
too
dry or moist.
open,
in rows
2 ft. 6 in. asunder.
Number
Average
jES ;
cost
per
acre
Plant,
Plants,
Aug to Nov.,
plants per
of
preparing land,
18 in.
acre,
^"7 ; manure,
apart
11,000.
"b
fruit
6
the
many
forms
Fragile
Fragrant
of
Be
garden strawberries.
IIflovwer
(Campanula
Garland
fragilis).See Campanula.
(Hedyohium coronarium)."See
Flower
"
Hedyohium.
Francoa
(Maiden's Wreath;
Wedding-flower)."Ord. Saxifra"
1830.
half-hardyperennialplants. First introduced
gaceae.
OUTDOOR
tered
loam.
CULTUEE
Position, sunny shel: Soil, lightrich
or
borders, banks, or rockeries.
Plant, March
April.
"
POT
CULTUEE
:
Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould
Hardy
sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in cool greenhouse, frame, or
window.
Water
Pot, March
or April.
moderately Oct. to April,freely
afterwards.
to plants in
Apply little liquid or artificial manure
55*'to 65".
flower.
40"
to
to
to
Oct.
50";
April
April
Sept.
Temp.,
the surface of a well-drained
on
Propagate by seeds sown
pan of sandy
in temp, of 50" to 55" in February, March,
or
bell-glass
peat under
April; division of plants at potting time.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
F. ajpendioufata,
red, July, 1 to 2 ft..Chili; rampsa,
2 ft.. Chili.
white, July and August, 2 ft., Chill; sonohifolia,pink, summer,
Frankenla
(Sea Heath). Ord. Frankeniaceae.
Hardy flowering
"
plants. Evergreen.
Habit,
creeping.
CULTURE
Position, sunny
: Soil, light sandy.
dry rockeries or
October
borders.
or
Plant,
April. Propagate by division of plants in
in April.
Oct. or April; seeds in cold frame
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Aug., Europe (Britain).
: F. Isevis,
rose, July and
Frangipanni-piant
(Plumieraacutifolia). See Plumiera.
See Mohria.
Frankincense
(Mohria eaffrorum).
Balsam
Fraser's
(Abies Fraseri). See Abies.
Fraxinella
(Dictamnus albus). See Dictamnus.
Ord.
Oleaceae.
Fraxinus
Ash).
(Ash; Flowering Ash; Manna
Orn.
trees.
foliage" flowering. Flowers, white,
Hardy deciduous
to May.
green, yellow; March
Position, dryish, sheltered.
CULTUEE
Suitable
: Soil, ordinary.
seaside
for
Plant, Oct.
gardens, towns, chalky or gravellysituations.
Timber
used for tool handles, wooden
to Feb.
Prune, Oct. to March.
and
utensils,
rakes, ploughs, hoops, dairy
agriculturalimplements;
"
"
"
"
"
169
enoyclofjEdia
of
gardening.
for furniture
by cabinet makers
making.
Average value of timber
reaches
Timber
to
300
cubic
ft.
6d.
Is.
2s.
life,
Average
years.
per
it.
will
1,350
which
it
thrive,
altitude
at
at
70
maturity
Highest
years.
48.
feet
to
cubic
of
No.
of
481b.
a
ton,
of
cubic
foot
a
timber,
Weight
1 in. deep
Propagate by seeds, buried in dry sand for a year, then sown
in light soil outdoors
in Feb., transplanting seedlings when
old;
a year
speciesin March.
graftingon common
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
F. amerioana
(White Ash), 30 to 40 ft., Canada;
excelsior
(Common
Asli),iU to 80 ft., Europe (Britain),and its varieties, crispa
(Curl-leaved Ash), aurea
(Flowering
(Golden Ash), pendula (Weeping Ash) ; Ornus
Uanna
Ash), 20 to 30 ft., S. Europe.
or
duous.
Freesia.
Ord.
Iridacese.
Greenhouse
bulbous
plants. Decialso
"
annually.
CULTURE
Position, sunny wellOUTDOOR
: Soil,lightrich sandy.
Plant
bulbs 2 in. deep " 2 in.
drained
borders
S. of England only.
Propagate by seeds sown
apart in Aug. or Sept. Protect in winter.
cool greenhouse or frame
in
soil
in
of
or
lightsandy
deep
J in.,
pots
pans
offsets
Do
at potting time.
in
March
or
or
as
soon
as
April; by
ripe,
not
transplantseedlingsfirst
year.
and
CULTIVATED:
F. refracta, white
SPECIES
orange.
and
and
its varieties, Leiohtliuli
orange),
(yellow, oream,
(yellow and very fragrant). Sutton's Pink is a variety with
to Aug., 1 ft.;
(white), odorata
May
alba
pink blossoms.
Ord.
Sterculiaceae.
duous
Hardy deci(Slippery Elm).
1851.
shrub.
First
introduced
flowering
CULTURE
Position, against west or north walls
: Soil, sandy loam.
S. of England.
Plant, Oct. to March.
or
fences, or in shrubberies
seeds
Prune
after
sown
Jin. deep in wellflowering. Propagate by
in
March
under
of
drained
soil
frame
or
or
sandy
bell-glass
April.
pots
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
oalifornioa, yellow, June, 6 to 10 ft., California.
: F.
French
Bean
(Phaseolusvulgaris). See Phaseolus.
French
Fern
(Asplenium adiantum-nigrum). See Asplenium.
See
French
Honeysuckle
(Hedysarum
corouarium).
Fremontia.
"
"
"
"
Hedysarum.
French
French
French
French
French
French
Lavender
See
Lavandula.
Marigold
(Tagetes patula).
Tagetes.
May
(Spiraeaarguta). See Spiraea.
Mulberry
(Callioarpapurpurea). See CalUcarpa.
"
See
"
"
Rbse
Willow
Fresh-water
Fringed
StaechasX"
(Lavandula
"
"
Buck-bean
(Limnanthemum
peltatum).
"
See
Lim-
uanthemum.
Fringed
Fringed
Fringe
Pink
Water
Flovwer
"
(Schizanthuspinnatus).
"
170
See
themum.
Limnan-
Schizanthus.
ENOYOLOPJSDIA
Fring^e
Tree
OF
GASDENING.
(Chionanthus virginica)."
See
Chionanthua.
F'""tillaria
"
bnake
Crown
(Fritillary,
Daffodil;
Imperial; Chequered
PritiUary;Persian Lily)."Ord. Liliaoess. Hardy bulbous
s-head
plants. Deciduous.
OUTDOOE
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary, deep rich.
Crown
Imperial; Snake's-head
Position, shady
Fritillary,borders, or
in turf; well-drained
borders
for other
species.
open
Plant, 4 to 6 in. deep " 6 to Sin. apart, Sept. to Nov.
Top-dress
annually with decayed manure.
Do not transplantbulbs oftener than
borders
for
naturalised
once
four
in
POT
years.
CULTUEE:
decayed
"
sand.
flower
until
manure
do
old.
yellow, April, 6 in., Asia Minor;
anrea,
and
brown, 6 in.. May, Asia Minor; oitrina, green
yellow, 8 in.. May,
Asia
Minor
8 in. ;" Elwesii, green
and
ooccinea, red, May,
brown,
;
May, 1 f t. ;
Imperialis (Crown Imperial),
yellow. May, 3 to 3 ft.. Orient, and its varieties
aurora
(orange), lutea (yellow),rubra
(red), and
aureo-marginata
(leayes edged
yellow) ; latifolia,red, etc., May, 1 ft., Caucasus
libanotica, lilao and
;
yellow,
May, 18 in., Syria; Meleagris (Snake's Head), purple, yellow and white. May,
12 to 18 in.,Europe (Britain); Meleagris alba, white ; pallidiflora,
and
yellow, rose
pnrple. May, 9 in., Siberia; persioa, violet blue, 'May, 2 ft., Asia Minor; pndioa,
Amerioa;
golden yellow, April, 6 in., N.W.
orange-scarlet. May, 2 ft,,
recurva,
California; ruthenioa, black. May, 1 ft., Caucasus.
not
SPECIES
yellow and
CULTIVATED:
four
F.
to six years
armena,
Fritillary
(Fritillaria
meleagris). See Fritillaria.
Frog-bit
(HydrocharisMorsus-ranae). See Hydrocharis.
Orchis
Frog
(Habenaria viridis).See Habenaria.
Ord.
Fuchsia
Onagrarese.
(Ear Drops; Lady's Ear Drops).
"
"
"
"
Greenhouse
1788.
"
CULTUEE
fibrous
loam,
hardy floweringshrubs.
OP
one
GEEENHOUSE
Deciduous.
SPECIES
part well-decayedmanure
First
Compost,
"
two
introduced
partsgood
leaf-mould, with
liberal
Apply liquid
in spring " early
Pinch out points of shoots
frequently
When
induce
repotting old plants,remove
bushy growth.
till
small
growth begins, then shift
roots " place in
pots
Feb.
to
May.
size. Syringe foliage
gUMMEE
CULTUEE
IN
BEDS
: Plant
in Sept.
out
in
June.
summer
to
soil from
into
larger
plants in greenhouse
tion,
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary, deep rich.. PosiHAEDT
OF
CULTUEE
sheltered
in
of
west
south
or
base
or
walls,
well drained borders,
Oct.
or
April. Prune
positionin the open S. of England. Plant,
store
171.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
and
Riccartonii
Fulham
Fulham
(soarlet).
Oak
(Quercus Cerris fulhamensisV
See Quercus.
baocata
Taxus.
See
Yevtf^Taxus
erecta).
Fumarla
(Fumitory). Ord. Fumariaceae.
Hardy annual climber.
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, against S.E. or W. walls, in
borders
with
shoots
"
open
running up sticks, or against arbours
trellis-work.
seeds
in.
1-16
in
where
sown
Propagate by
deep,
April,
" flower.
plants are to grow
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
F. capreolata, white
and
3 to 4 ft.,
purple, summer,
Europe (Britain).
"
"
"
Fume-wort
(Corydalis aurea).
See Corydalis.
Corydalis.
Funereal
Cypress
(Cnpressusfunebris). See Cupressus.
Funkia
(Plantain Lily; Japanese Day Lily; Corfu Lily). Ord.
Liliaceae. Hardy orn.
ciduous.
flowering plants. Defoliagedand herbaceous
"
Fumitory."
See
"
"
First
deep
green
or
CULTUEE:
introduced
1790.
variegatedwith white
Soil, ordinary, well
"
yellow.
enriched
borders.
with
decayed
Plant,
Oct.
manure.
or
March.
manure.
POT
CULTUEE:
Compost, two parts loam, one
part well-decayed
" river sand.
manure
Position, pots in cold frame
Oct. to March,
March
to Oct.
greenhouse or window
Pot, March
Water
or
April.
to Oct.
moderately Oct. to March, freelyMarch
Apply liquid manure
to healthy plants in flower.
in Oct.,
Propagate by division of crowns
March,
or
SPECIES
Ariril.
CULTIVATED:
-ajxy
"
tjme.
CULTIVATED:
F. Bedinghsusii, green,
""ife^IBB
^^ *" ^^ """ Mexico;
A
"
?,'"'"""
"f"T'w^""" "'^SJ
to lo
Mexico.
not.,
aa-ay-jio
it.,
172
Slav
to
S^.
Wrightii,
green
ft
Meiico-
aid whitel
ENCYCLOPEDIA
CULTURE:
Compost,
OARDMNINO.
OF
two
part light
one
loam.
Position, well-drained
potsin cold frame or greenhouse. Pot, Aug. to
in a 5-in., or
Nov., placing bulbs with apex just below surface, one
in
6-in.
moderately
SPECIES
autumn,
when
CrLTlTATED:
6 in.
Gale
(Myrica
Galeandra
orchids.
Deciduous.
graminea,
G.
yellow, Jnly,
in.; ovata,
yellow,
"
"
First
introduced
Orchidaceae.
Stove
terrestrial
l"iO.
CULTURE:
Position, wellCompost, fibrous peat " charcoal.
drained
Pot, Feb. to
pots, pans, or baskets in light part of stove.
March.
Water
to Sept.,moderately afterwards.
Syringe
freelyMarch
to Sept. Resting
to Aug.
plantsdaily March
Growing period,March
to June, 65" to 75"; June
to
period,Sept. to March.
Temp., March
55" to 65".
Aug. 70" to 80"; Aug. to Nov. 60" to 70"; Nov. to March
Propagate by division of plants at potting time.
to Aug.,
SFEOIES
OULTIYATED:
G. Baueri, Erown, purple and
white, June
and
1 ft., Guiana;
devoniana, purple, green,
white, June, 18 in., Trop. America:
nivalis, white and violet,Maroh, 18 in., Trop. America.
Ord.
Galega
Leguminosse.
Hardy
perennial
(Goat'sRue).
herbs.
First introduced
Flowers
useful for cutting.
1568.
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, open borders or shrubberies.
Cut down
flower stems
in Oct.
Plant, Oct. to March.
Replant every
two
three years.
or
J in. deep in April in
Propagate by seeds sown
ordinary soil in sunny position; division of roots in Oct. to March.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
3 to 5 ft., S. Europe, and
ofloinalis,blue, summer,
: G.
it varieties, albiflora (white), carnea
plena (rose double) and Hartlandii
(blue);
orien talis, blue,summer,
2 to 3 ft., Caucasus.
Galinsale
(Cyperus longus). See Cyperus.
Gallig'askins
(Primula veris)."See Primula.
Galtonia
(SpireLily). Ord. Liliacese. Hardy bulbous flowering
plants. Deciduous^ Nat. S. Africa.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
drained.
: Soil, ordinary rich, well
Position,
borders.
Oct.
to
bulbs
in. deep
Plant,
6
March,
open
sunny
placing
" 6 in. apart. Lift "
when
the
bulbs
show
replant only
signs of
deterioration.
POT
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part decayed manure
" silver sand.
Position, cold or warm
greenhouse. Pot, Oct. to Dec.
to flower in spring; Feb. to April to flower in autumn.
Place
bulb
one
with apex just showing through surface
of soil in a well-drained
6-in.
Cover
with
ashes
in cold frame
until growth begins. Water
pot.
leaves
in full growth;
moderately when
freely when
appear;
keep
nearly dry after flowering. Apply weak liquid manure
occasionally
Bulbs
to plants in flower.
not adapted for floweringsecond
time in
boxes
of sandy
pots. Propagate by seeds sown
^ in. deep in shallow
soil in cold frame
Oct. or March
bulbs
in autumn.
; offsets treated
as
flower
when
four
five
old.
or
Seedlings
years
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: G. candioans, white, fragrant,
2 to 3 ft.
summer,
Garcinia
Ord.
Guttiferse.
; Gamboge-tree).
(Man^osteen-tree
Stove
fruit-bearingtree. Orn. foliage. First introduced
evergreen
1789.
Fruit, fcize of an orange;
chestnut-brown
colour; edible.
"
"
"
"
CULTURE
Compost,
two
parts peat,
174
one
part loam
"
sand.
Posi-
ENCYCLOPEDIA
tion, pots
boxes
in
OF
GARDENING.
lightpart
of plant stove.
65"^to 85"; Oct.
Water
moderately Sept. to April, freely other
cuttings of firm shoots 2 to 3iu. long inserted
in temp. 75" to 85" in spring or summer.
bell-glass
March.
or
Temp.,
SPECIES
March
CULTIVATED
Gardener's
to
G.
Garters
Oct.
(Phalaris
Pot
" prune,
Feb.
to
March
55" to 65".
times.
Propagate by
in silver sand
under
to
6 to 10
aruudiuacea
ft.,Molucca
Islands.
variegata). See
"
Phalaris.
Gardenia
Stove
(Cape Jasmine). Ord. Rubiaceae.
evergreen
First introduced
floweringshrubs.
1754.
CULTURE:
Compost, one part loam, one part peat, one part well"
charcoal.
manure
decayed
Position, well-drained
pots, or beds in
stove.
Pot
March.
into
Feb.
or
Prune
plant
or
plant,
shape, Feb. or
March.
March
to
65"
March
55" to 65"
to
to
Temp.,
85"; Sept.
Sept.
Water
Oct.
to
afterwards.
Feb., freely
moderately
Syringe daily
to Sept.
sionally
occa(exceptwhen in bloom) March
Apply liquid manure
to healthy plants in flower.
Plants
to two
one
years old produce
the best blooms.
Propagate by cuttings of firm young side shoots
"
2 to Sin.
Flower
(Daphne cneorum). See Daphne.
See Allium.
Ord. Comaceae.
Orn. foliage
Garrya.
Hardy evergreen shrubs.
1813.
Flowers
" flowering. First introduced
male
(pendulouscatkins),
" female
borne
Berries, black.
on
separate trees.
CULTURE
Position, against south or
: Soil, ordinary,well drained.
shrubberies
S. of England. Plant, Oct.
west walls outdoors; sheltered
Male
March
to Nov.
to May.
or
plant only cultivated; female plant
in
rare
^ in. deep in wellPropagate
by seeds sown
gardens.
very
Oct.
drained pans of sandy soil in cold frame
or
; cuttingsof firm
Sept.
in sandy soil under
shoots 3 to 4 in. long inserted
hand-light or cold
frame
Aug. to Sept. ; layering shoots in Sept. " Oct.
to
CULTIVATED
G. elnptioa, greenish white, March
SPECIES
June, 5 to'
:
10 ft., California.
Gas
Plant
(Dictamnus albus). See Dictamnus.
"
"
"
"
Greenhouse
Liliacese.
Gasteria.
evergreen
First
of
Good
Nat.
Orn.
Hope.
foliage.
plants.
Cape
1731.
Leaves, thick, fleshy,prickly; green, spotted with
Ord.
"
succulent
introduced
white,
or
purple.
"
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part peat, old mortar
in
or
well-drained
greenhouse
river sand.
Position,
sunny
pots
moderately April to Sept.
window.
or
Pot, March
April. Water
50" to 55".
gate
Propato Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
Temp. March
of
in
well-drained
or
in.
1-16
sandy
pots
pans
deep
by seeds sown
to
March
65"
soil temp, of
Aug.
July; Orouoheri, rose,
Aug.;
G. brevifolia, red,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
red, July, 3 to 4 in.
distioha, scarlet, July; verrucosa,
(Canada Tea;
Gauitheria
shrubs.
First
evergreen
edible.
1762.
purple;
introduced
Soil, peaty. Position, moist rockeries or margins of
CULTURE
:
or
shady shrubberies " beds. Plant, Sept. to Nov. or March to
Berry; Shallou).
"
Ericaceae.
Berries, red or
Ord.
Hardy
Open
175
OF
BNOYOLOPMBIA
May.
in
Propagate by
of
peaty
soil outdoors
prooumbens
America
shallon
Gaura.
annual.
an
but
Hardy perennial,
Ord. Onagraeeae.
First introduced
"
usually
or
Plant,
Position, sunny
grown
1850.
well-drained
beds or borders.
in. deep in
1-10
seeds
sown
April. Propagate by
in.
1
when
high to
Apiaiv transplantingseedlings
CULTUBE
March
outdoors
trailing,
white
and
G. nummularioides,
pink, summer,
(Canada Tea or Partridge Berry), white, July, creeping,
(Shallon),white and red. May, i ft., N.W. America.
CULTIVATED:
Himalayas;
as
sown
autumn.
SPECIES
N.
seeds
GARDENING.
light soil
flowering
position.
SPECIES
Texas.
CULTIVATED
Gazania
G.
Lindhoimeri, white
and
rose,
July
to
Oct., 3
Nat.
to
ft.,
nials.
peren-
of peat k
" one
INDOOE
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts loam
sand.
Position, well-drained
part of greenhouse.
pots in sunny
little
Oct.
to
March, moderately
or
Pot, March
April. Water
very
to Sept. 55"
into shape, March.
other times.
Prune
Temp., March
45" to 55".
to 75" ; Sept. to March,
OUTDOOR
Position,
Soil, ordinary.
CULTURE:
sunny;
June.
edgings
Lift in
ledges
for
the
winter.
heated
in
Propagate
place
greenhouse
pots
in
from
of plant " inserted
base
by cuttings of side shoots removed
to
boxes of sapdy soil or in a bed in cold frame
cuttings
July
Sept. ;
frost.
if protected from
remain
in cold frame
may
12 in.,
and
G. Pavonia, yellow, brown
white, summer,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
rigens, yellow and black, June, 1 ft.: splendens, orange, black and white, summer,
1 ft., hybrid.
Geissorhiza
Half-hardy bulbous(Tile-root).Ord. Iridaceae.
1789.
First
introduced
of
Good
rooted
Nat.
plants.
Cape
Hope.
loam.
"
of
two
CULTURE
one
:
light
parts sandy peat
Compost,
or
Position, well-drained pots in cold frame
greenhouse. Pot, Aug.
to Nov., placing bulbs with apex
just below surface, one in a 5-iu.,or
three in a 6-in. pot.
Cover pots with ashes till growth begins. Water
to
beds,
Oct.
or
trailing
of
over
rockery. Plant,
in
"
"
leaves
pletely
when
freely afterwards, withholding comappear,
after flowering.
Bepot annually. Propagate by seeds sown
boxes of sandy peat placed
J in. deep in well-drained
pans or shallow
in cool greenhouse or frame
Aug. or Sept.; offsets treated as bulbs,
Aug. to Nov.
6
G.
in.; hirta, white. May,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
exoisa, white. May,
and
8 in. ; humilis, rose
yellow. May, 6 in. ; rochonsis, violet-purple.May, 6 in.
moderately
Ord. Iridees.
Gelasine^
Half-hardy bulbous
plant.
CULTURE:
tered
OUTDOOR
Soil, sandy loam.
Position, sunnj; shelof
nook
rockery. Plant, Aug. to Nov. 4 in. deep and 4 in. apart.
rain in winter
from
Protect
by a hand-light.
GREENHOUSE
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts sandy loam and
and
silver sand.
Position, cold, sunny
one
part leaf-mould
house.
green3 to 4 bulbs
Pot in Aug., placingj
in a 4i-in. pot; bury bulbs
Cover with ashes in cold frame
till growth begins,
just below surface.
"
then
in heat
SPECIES
greenhouse.
to
remove
keep dry
after growth
by offsets at
CULTIVATED:
GenetylliS.
"
ceases.
Water
moderately when
Propagate by seeds sown
potting time.
G.
azurea,
blue, May,
See Darwinia.
176
growth;
sandy loam
in
in
ft., S. America.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
Genista
GARDENING.
OF
deciduous
CULTURE
rockery for
dwarf
kinds.
ing.
after flowerPrune
Plant, Oct. to March.
seeds
March
or
April;
sown
Propagateby
Jin. de"p outdoors in
in March
by layeringm Oct. or Nov. ; graftingon laburnum
; budding
similar stocks in July. See also the genus
on
Cytisus.
SPBOIBS
OULTITATEU:
to Aug., 6 to 12 ft., Sioily;
G. sethneneis,yellow, June
anglioa (Petty Wtin), yellow, May
and
1 to
3 ft., Britain;
hispanica
June,
(Spanish Gorse), yellow, May
to ,Tuly, fragrant, 6 to 12 ins., N.W.
Europe;
hispanioa flore-pleno, double; radiata, yellow, summer,
2 to
4 ft., S. Europe;
tinotoria (Dyer's Greenweed), yellow, July to Sept., 1 to 2 ft., Britain; tinctoria
flore-pleno,double.
Gentian
(Geutiana acaulis). See Gentiana.
Gentiana
Hardy
(Gentian; Gentianella). Ord. Gentianaceae.
perennial herbs.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts good loam, one part peat " one part
for
limestone
borders
"
broken
sand.
or
coarse
Position, sunny
grit
both
" tall kinds, sunny
to be
G. acaulis
rockeries
for G. verna;
Plant, Sept.,Oct., March, or
fairlydry in winter " moist in summer.
in
Water
March
with
little
manure.
April. Top-dress
decayed cow
in.
1-16
soils
in
seeds
summer.
sown
deep
Propagate by
freelyon dry
in well-drained
pots or pans of sandy loam in cold frame, March;
"
"
division
of
soil must
"
Seeds
plants March.
be kept moderately
take
moist.
one
to
two
years
to
germinate,
to May,
3 in.,
SPECIES
CtTLTITATED:
G. acaulis
(Gentianella),blue, Marob
asclepiadea (Swallow-wort),
Europe; Andrewsii, blue, Aug., 1 to 2 ft., N. America;
purple blue, July, 6 to 18 in., S. Europe, and its variety alba (wbjte); oruoiata
(Cross-wort),blue, June, 1 ft.,Europe; lutea (Bitter-wort),yellow, July, 2 to 3 ft.,
(Windflower), blue, August and Sept., 1 to 2 ft., Britain;
Europe; Pneumonantbe
blue, April and May, 3 in., Europe
septemflda, blue, July, 1 ft., Caucasus;
Terna,
(Britain and Ireland),
Gentianella
(Gentiana acaulis). See Gentiana.
Gentian
Gromwell
(Lithospermum prostratum). See Litho"
"
spermum.
Speedwell
March.
or
in
Propagate by
temp.
85"
temp. 80"
SPEOiES
to
March;
85", any
CULTIVATED
Sept. to
seeds sown
offshoots
time.
:
G.
gracilis,6 ft.,Costa
"
Ord.
(Crane's-bill).
Geranium
Rica.
(Inulaglandulosa).
Fleabane
Georg'ian
freely Oct.
Water
"
"
"
See Inula.
Geraniacese.
herbaceous
Hardy
perennials.
CULTURE:
well-drained
Position, tall
sunny
kinds
rockeries.
in
sunny
Plant, Oct.,
occasionallyto
April. Apply weak liquid manure
seeds
sown
in
flower.
established
^in. deep in
Propagate
by
plants
March
in shallow
or
or
outdoors,
in
soil
April,
position
sunny
ordinary
or
boxes
of sandy soil in cold frame
greenhouse March; division of
or
see
April. For greenhouse "Geraniums"
roots, Oct., Nov., March,
the genua
Pelargonium.
Kov., March,
or
177
engyolopmdta
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
purple, June
gardening.
of
G.
argenteum,
summer,
rose,
ft., Alps;
armenum,
6 in.,
Pyrenees ;
ft.. Orient ; oiaereum,
red, summer,
cinereum
Endressi, rose,
album, white;
dahuricum,
purple, Juno, 1 ft., Dahuria;
1 ft., Pyrenees;
1 ft., Caucasus;
maorohizon,
ibericum, blue, summer,
summer,
2 to 3 ft.,
red
or
purple. May to tTuly,1 ft., E. Europe ; pratense, blue, summer,
blue
its double
and
double
white
crimson,
Britain; and
varieties; sanguineum,
2 ft., and
its varieties
lancastriense
(flesh),album
(white), Britain;
summer,
2 to
3 ft., Britain;
sylvaticum, blue, summer,
tuberosum,
purple, June, 9 in.,
July,
and
S.
Europe.
Gerbera,
Greenhouse
(Barberton
or
perennial herbs.
CompositaB.
Ord.
Transvaal
Daisy).
First introduced
1888.
"
CULTUEE
perature
in a compost of sandy loam
and peat in a tem: Grow
wards.
afterof 45 to 50" from
Nov. to May ; without
artificial heat
Nov.
Water
to April; freely afterwards.
sparingly from
Repot annually in spring. No shade
required. Propagate by seeds
in sandy peat in March
in temperature
55" ; by cuttings of side
sown
in warm
shoots in spring. G. Jamesoni
be grown
outdoors
nooks
may
iq mild districts.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
1 ft.; Jamesoni
G. asplenifolia,purple, summer,
berton
(Barto Oct., 18 in.
Daisy), orange-scarlet, June
German
Catchfly.
(Lychnis viscaria). See Lychnis.
"
Germander
German
Iris
German
German
German
"
"
"
"
See
Asple-
nium.
German
Tamarisk
Gesnera.
"
Ord.
Gesneriacese.
perennials. Flowering
CULTUEE
Compost,
pots
or
two
little
pans in
a
"
"
tuberous-rooted
introduced
First
foliage.
Stove
orn.
ceous
herba1752.
June
in .summer;
to flower in
May to flower in autumn;
winter.
Place tubers
1 in. deep singlyin 5-in. pots, or 1 to 2 in. apart
in larger sizes. Water
time
moderately from
growth begins until
in.
3
4
then
After
or
plants are
freely.
high,
flowering ^adually
withhold
till foliagedies down, then keep dry till potting time.
water
when
twice
flower buds
week
or
a
once
Apply weak
liquid manure
65"
not
to 85";
March
to Sept.
show.
required. Temp.,
Syringing
75".
March
55" to
Store when
their
on
foliage has died down
Sept. to
sides under
Propagate
stage till potting time in temp, of 50" to 55".
surface of well-drained
on
by seeds sown
pots of sandy peat, in temp.
shoots
in pots c.f
inserted
75", March
or
April; cuttings of young
leaves
sandy peat in temp. 75" to 85" in spring; fullymatured
pegged
surface of pots m sandy peat in temp. 75" to 85" ; stalk ends of leaves
on
inserted verticallyin pans of sandy peat in temp. 75" to 85".
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
G.
and
12 to
oardinalis, crimson
white, autumn,
red
18 in.; Donklarii,
and
Colombia;
yellow, 2 ft., summer,
Douglassii, red and
yellow, autumn, 18 in., Brazil; exoniensis, orange,
scarlet, and
yellow, winter,
1 ft., Brazil; Lindleyi,yellow and
1 ft., hybrid; Leopoldii, scarlet, summer,
scarlet,
18 in.; refnlgens, violet and
July, 1 ft., Brazil; na-glioides rosy pink, autumn,
18 in., hybrid.
white, summer,
Ord.
Greenhouse
Gethyllis
(Cape Crocus).
Amaryllidacese.
bulbous
First introduced
1780.
plants. Deciduous.
to
flower
"
CULTURE
drained
" sand.
: Compost, equal parts peat, loam
Pot, Aug.
pots in cold greenhouse or frame.
178
to
BNOYCLOPMDIA
bulbs
singly
ashes
in
OF
GABDHNINO.
potting
by
frame
seeds
greenhouse, March
or
Eepot annually.
sown
April; offsets
or
gate
Propa-
bulbs
as
in cold
at
ting
pot-
time.
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
oiharis, wlirte. eummer,
GeuiYI
(Avens).
: Soil, ordinary rich.
Position, tall speciesin sunny
rockeries.
specieson sunny
Plant, Oct. to April.
"
CULTTJEE
ders,
bor-
dwarf
Cut
down
flower stems
in Sept. Propagate by seeds sown
1-16 in. deep in
shallow boxes or well-drained
pots of light soil in cold frame, April or
July, or in sunny positions(similar depth " soil) outdoors,
or
April
Aug.
;
SPECIES
to April.
chiloenso, scarlet, summer,
CULTIVATED:
G.
2 ft.. Chili; and
its
varieties,grandifiorum plenum (double-flowered) and miniatum
(orange); ooccineum,
1 ft., Asia Minor ; Heldreichii, orange-red, July, 1 ft. ; montanum,
scarlet,summer,
yellow. May, 2 ft.,Europe; reptans, yellow, summer,
trailing,Europe.
Ghent
Azfllea,
(Ehododendron pontica).^See Ehododendron.
Gherkin.
See Cucumis.
"
"
Giant
Giant
Giant
Cow-parsnip
Fennel.
Fern
"
(Heracleum giganteum).
"
See
Palm
See Heracleum.
Ferula.
Macro-
zamia.
Giant
Giant
Giant
Giant
See
ivy
(Hedera
raegneriana).See Hedc-a.
(Polygonium Sieboldi).See Polygonium.
Lily (Lilium giganteum). See Lilium.
White
Caiifornian
Poppy
Coulteri)."
(Eomneya
Helix
"
Knot-weed
"
"
Eomneyi.
Gibraltar
Gilia"
Mint
Ord.
"
Mentha.
introduced
Polemoniacese.
annuals.
Hardy
First
1826.
CTJLTUEE
to beds or
by seeds
CULTIVATED:
"
First
1713.
introduced
Position, moist
CTJLTUEE:
shady bed or border.
Soil, peaty.
Cut down
flowering stems in Sept.
Plant, Oct. to Dec, or March.
or
April.
Propagate by division of roots in March
G. stipulaoea, white, June, 1 to 2 ft., N. America;
SPBCSeS CULTIVATED:
trifoliata, red or white, July, 1 to 2 ft., N. America.
Cheiri). See
(Dianthus caryophyllus " Cheiranthus
Gillyflower
"
Dianthus
"
Cheiranthus.
"
179
Hardy
MNOrOLOP^DlA
GAliDHNWCf.
OP
1754.
coniferous
Orn.
tree.
foliage. First introduced
small,
Fruit,
borne
Flowers, male " female
on
separate trees; spring.
globular; edible. Leaves, fan-shaped; green " variegated.
beries
CULTURE
Position, sheltered shrub: Stoil,
ordinary well drained.
other
walls
lawns
S. of England, against south
west
parts.
or
or
of
lin. deep in pans
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
Propagate by seeds sown
deciduous
lightsandy
SPECIES
China
and
CULTIVATED:
"
"
4 to
margined
other
colours.
Nanceanus
group
golden-yejlowcentres,
tall ; spikes
: Habit,
brilliant colours.
lists.
group
tion,
PosiSoil, deep rich, liberallymanured.
:
Plant
well-drained
beds
borders.
sheltered,
or
earlysunny,
floweringkinds Nov., Feb., or March, late kinds March, April,or May.
Place
of early kinds
4 in. deep " 6 in. apart in groups of three,
corms
similar sized
twelve
late
3 in. deep "
12 in. apart in
kinds
six, or
;
little
silver
under
each
Protect
sand
corm.
early kinds
put a
groups;
flower
when
with layer of manure.
in winter
Apply liquid manure
of
2 or 3 in. high. Lift corms
buds
form.
Fix sticks to spikes when
in
in
kinds
in
cool
store
Oct. or Nov., "
place
early kinds
Sept.,late
long
and
For names
OUTDOOR
in each
to Sin.
see
across,
trade
two
180
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
surface
in a greenhouse. Propagate by seeds sown
be grown
on
may
division
in March
in boxes
of light sandy soil in cold frame
or
April;
of plants, Oct. or April.
G. Alypnm,
OTTLTIVATBD:
SPECIES
blue, August, 2 ft., Bhrab, S. Europe;
6 in.,
nndicaulis, blue, summer,
cordifolia, blue, June, 6 in., shrub, S. Europe;
6 to 8 in., herbaceous, Asia
triohosantha,
blue, summer,
herbaceous,
Europe;
6 to 12 in., herbaceous, S. Europe.
Minor; vulgaris, blue, summer,
Ord.
Gloriosa,
Lily).
(Malabar Glory Lily; Mozambique
"
tuberous-rooted.
"
Liliaceae.
Stove
Deciduous
flowering climbers.
1690.
First introduced
CULTURE:
Compost, actual
parts loam, peat, leaf -mould, decayed
" silver sand.
manure
Position, well-drained
pots, wi th shoots trained
in a 6-in.
2 in. deep, one
to roof or trellis. Pot, Feb., placing tubers
moderately till growth is
pot, or several in an 8 or 12-in. pot. Water
well advanced, then freely. After flowering,
gradually withhold water
" keep soil quite dry till potting time.
Temp., Feb. to Sept.70" to
85"; Sept.to Feb. 55" to 65" Propagate by seeds inserted singly Jin.
deep in 3-in. pots filled with light soil in temp. 75" in Feb. or March;
at potting time.
from
offsets removed
large tubers
and
6 to 10 ft..
SPECIES
G. superba, orange
red, summer,
CULTIVATED:
5 ft., Trop. Africa.
Tropics; viresoens Plantii, yellow and red, summer,
FlOVtfer
Glory
(Eccremocarpus soaber). See Eccremocarpus.
"
See
Gloriosa.
Glory
Lily (Gloriosasuperba).
Glory-Of-the-SnOVW
(Chiouodoxa luciliae).See Chionodoxa.
Zealand
Pea
of
New
Glory
(ClianthusDampieri).
"
"
"
See
Clianthus.
Glory
Tree
Gloxinia.
"
"
See
baceous
herNat.
Ht. 3 to 5 ft.
1563.
First introduced
GARDENS:
Position, open
IN
Soil, deep rich sandy.
CULTURE
3 ft.
in.
"
3
in.
18
Feb.
or
deep in rows
March,
Plant,
apart
sunny.
in
to
root
stems
close
Cut down
asunder.
creeping
foliage" remove
Roots
Nov.
ready for use third year after planting. Propagate by
division of creeping stems, Feb. or March.
3 ft. deep
CULTURE
FIELD
: Soil, deep, rich sandy loam, trenched
in autumn.
at rate of 40 tons per acre
" dressed with farmyard manure
root
Plant
cuttings furnished with two eyes each. Sin. deep, 18 in!
cut off all
in March.
3 ft. asunder
in
Following November
rows
apart
Nov.
" do same
main
to
close
root,
roots
again
following
creeping
"
trench 4 to 5 ft. deep by side of rows
after
Third
dig
planting
year
4
to
5
tons.
acre
with
a
roots
Average
yield
out
strong
per
rope.
pull
Average value per cwt., 45s.
to
G. glabra (Spanish Liquorice), blue, May
Sept.,
OTJLtITATED:
SPECIES
Mediterranean
Region.
See Anaphalis " Leontopodium.
Gnaphalium.
Ord.
Gnidia.
flowering
Thymelacese. Greenhouse
evergreen
1768.
Nat.
shrubs.
Cape of Good Hope. First introduced
two
CULTURE
: Compost,
parts fibrous peat, one part loam " silver
sand.
Position, well-drained pots near
glassin airy greenhouse ^iuring
" spring, cold frame
to Sept.
winter
June
Pot, March.
autumn,
in
Prune
shoots
into shape
Press
firmly
straggling
pots.
compost
sufficient
to
Water
after
carefullyalways, giving
flowering.
directly
Europe.
"
"
not
182
I'emp.,
MNOYCLOPMBIA
Oct.
March
40"
of
cuttings
young
drained
pots under
to
to
45" ; March
shoots
GARDENING.
OF
in.
in
bell-glass
2
July, 45"
to
long inserted
temp. 45" to
55".
Propagate by
sandy peat in well-
to
in
55"
April,or
March,
in
May.
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
fragrant, spring,
Goat-root
18
in.; pinitolia,
white,
Goat's
Beard
Rue
Goat's
Goat
G.
ft.
"
Willow
(Salixcaprea)." SeeSalix.
Godetia."
See (Enothera.
Gold
Basket
(Alyssum saxatile).S'ee Alyssum.
Gold
Dust-plant
(Alygaum saxatile). See Alyssum.
See
Golden
Amaranth
(Amaranthus salicifolius).
"
"
Amaran-
"
thus.
Golden
Golden
Praxinus.
Ash
(Praxinus excelsior aurea). See
Bell-tree
(Forsythiasuspensa). See
"
Foreythia.
(Cassiniafulvida). See Cassinia.
Chain
(Laburnum vulgare). See Laburnum.
See
Chestnut
(Castanopsis chrysophylla).
"
Bush
Golden
Golden
Golden
"
"
Cas-
"
tanopsis.
Golden
Club
Golden
Creeping
See
Orontium.
aurea).
(Lysimachianummularia
Jenny
"
Lysimachia.
Golden
(Valeriana Fhu
Spikenhard
Cretan
aurea).
"
See
Valeriana.
Nettle
Dead
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Castanea.
Golden-leaved
Spindle-tree
See Lycoris.
(Tiliaeuropaea aurea). See Tilia.
Fern
(Nothochlaenafiavens).
(Lycorisaurea).
Golden
Lily
Golden
Lime-tree
Golden
Maiden-hair
"
"
"
See
Nothochlaena.
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
"
"
"
Privet
Rain
Rod
(Ligustrum ovalifolium
(Laburnum vulgare).
"
laureum).
See
See
"
See
Ligustrum.
Laburnum.
Solidago.
(Solidagovirgaurea).
(Chrysoplenium altemifolium).
Saxifrage
"
"
See
gopleuium.
Golden
Thistle
(Scolymus hispamous).
"
183
See
Scolymua.
Chry-
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Golden
Golden
Golden
Gold
GARDENING.
OF
"
"
"
"
Goldfussia.
See
"
Goldilocks
StroUlauthes.
Gold-netted
Aster.
(Louicera brachypoda
Honeysuckle
aureo
"
"
"
daily in
SPECIES
summer.
OULTITATED:
G.
Gompholobium.
"
flowering shrubs.
decora,
^Ord.
Trailing
"
to IS ft., Brazil.
Greenhouse
evergreen
Australia.
First
duced
intro-
yellow, spring,
Leguminosae.
erect.
Nat.
10
1803.
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts rough peat, one part rough loam,
" sand.
charcoal
Position, well-drained
house.
pots in light part of greenPrune
into
March.
Pot, Feb.
or
shape after flowering.
Water
carefully at all times.
Temp., Sept.to April45" to 50"; April to
50"
60".
Ventilate
to
Sept.
greenhouse freely in summer.
Propagate
in well-drained
of
shoots
2 in. long inserted
by cuttings young
pots of
March
in
45"
55"
in
to
under
or
bell-glass temp.
April.
sandy peat
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
G. grandiflorum, yellow, Juno, 2 ft.; polymorplmm,
yellow, scarlet and purple, spring, 2 ft.; Tenustum,
purple, spring, 3 ft.
Globe
rena
Gomph
Amaranth;
Everlasting). Ord. Ama(Globe
First iniroranthacese.
Greenhouse
annual.
Nat. India.
flowering
"
duced
1714.
CULTURE:
part leaf-mould,
parts fibrous loam, one
sand.
warm
Position,
greenhouse,
exposed
well-decayed
Sow
seeds 1-16 in. deep in well-drained
to light.
pots of lightsoil in
temp. 75" in March.
Transplant seedlings 1 in. apart when 1 in. high
in li^ht
soil in well-drained
pots " keep in temp, of 60" to 75". When
four leaves place
4-in. pots. Transfer
in
seedlings have formed
singly
in June to 5-in. pots " keep near
them
the glass. Water
moderately.
twice
when
flowers
daily.
manure
foliage
Apply
Syringe
liquid
appear.
Summer
temp., 55" to 65". Cut flowers immediately they are
fully
developed for drying for winter decoration.
G. globosa, and
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
its varieties, aurea
superba (yellow),
(dwarf),
(flesh),purpurea
(purple), and nana
12 to 18 in.
carnea
summer,
Ord. Orchidacess.
Stove evergreen
Gong^ora.
epiphytalorchids.
1824.
First introduced
CULTURE
:
"
Compost, equal parts rough peat, sphagnum moss
Position, hanging baskets
in sunny
of
stove.
lumps of charcoal.
part
Water
Re-basket, Feb. or March.
to Sept.,very
abundantly March
little other times.
to Aug.
Growing period, March
Resting period,
Compost,
cow
manure
two
"
"
Aug.
to
March.
Propagate by
division
184
of
pseudo-bulbsin
Feb.
ENOTOLOPJEBIA
OF
GARDENING.
.r"w"
f,".r
summer,
1
1
yellow,
summer,
ft.,Nicaragua;
f7
Goniophlebium."
See
Good
See
(CheuopodiumBonua-Henricus)."
King
Henry
Polypodium.
Cheno-
podium.
Goodyera
(Rattlesnake Plantain; Adder's Violet)."Ord. OrchiStove, greeuliouse," hardy terrestrial orciiids. Flowering "
orn.
foliage. Leaves, bronze, chocolate, olive-green,
purplish-green,
reddish-crimson, variegated with white or yellow.
daceae.
CULTDEB
OP
STOVE
" GEEENHOUSE
fibrous
parts
peat, one
part loam " sand.
shallow
in
or
shady part of stove or
pans
SPECIES
Compost, two
Position, well-drained
pots
greenhouse. Pot, Feb. or
March.
Water
to
times.
freely March
Sept., moderately other
stove
to Sept., Sept. to March
Temp.,
55" to
species,65" to 75" March
March
65"; greenhouse species,
to Sept.55" to 65", 45" to 55" Sept. to
March.
CTJLTXJEE
OP
HAEDY
SPECIES
:
Compost, two parts peat, leaf" sand.
mould
Position, rockery or border, well drained.
Plant,
March
or
of shoots
Water
with
April.
removed
under
peaty compost
STOVE
SPECIES:
and
GREENHOUSE
weather.
bell-glassin temp.
45"
to 55" in
brown,
Sept., India;
pink
rosy
and
small
pots
of
spring.
Teitohii, leaTes
white, June,
Japan;
America.
N.
G.
Propagateby cuttings
inserted singlyin
"attached,
red, brown,
HARDY
freelyin dry
roots
N.
America
repens,
white,
mer,
sum-
Europe.
"
"
"
perennial
of
cotton
commerce.
CXJLTUEE
thence
into
6-in.
or
pots.
G.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
yellow and
(Egyptian Cotton), a hybrid.
herbaceum,
bados;
barbadense, yellow and purple, Sept., 5 ft., Bar3 to 4 ft.. East
Indies; Bahma
purple, summer,
(Cucurbita melopepo).
Gourd
"
GramniantheSi
introduced
"
Ord.
See
Cucurbita.
Half-hardy annual.
Crassulaceae.
First
1774.
rockeries.
gate
Propawell-drained
soil
in
in
of
surface
on
seeds
sandy
sown
pans
by
outdoors
in
May.
Transplant seedlings
temp. 60" to 65" in March.
3 to
red, summer,
G. chlorsefolia,orange-yellow and
CULTIVATED
:
SPECIES
CULTUEE
Position, sunny
in., S. Africa.
Grammatocarpus
climber.
hardy annual
CULTUEE
later
on,
"
Half-
Loasaceae.
Sow
plant
trellises,vases,
in
seeds
in
etc
185
".
seedlings
for low
~,
oil
sunny
MNOTOLOFMDIA
SPECIES
red,
summer,
CULTIVATED:
3 ft., CMU.
Grammatophyllum
GABDENING.
OF
G.
volubilis
(Queen
of the
Orchids).
"
Ord.
Orchid-
1837.
Stove epiphytal orchids.
First introduced
"
CULTUEE
charcoal.
Position,
large well: Compost, fibrous
peat
Water
drained pots in light part of stove.
freely
Pot, Feb. or March.
'65"
to
Nov.
to
Feb.
75";
Feb. to Oct., very little Oct. to Feb.
Temp.,
Nov.
Nov. to Feb. 60" to 65".
Feb.
to
jjeriod,
Besting
Growing period,
Nov.
to Feb.
Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsat pottingtime.
i ft.,
G.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
brown,
fenzlianum,
yellow and
:
summer,
speoiosum, yellow and purple, winter, 5 to 8 ft., Malaga,
Amboyna;
Granadilla,
(Fassifloraquadrangularis). See Fassifiora.
Fern
Grape
(Botrychium lunaria). ^See Botrychium.
See Muscari.
Grape
Hyacinth."
Pear
Grape
(Amelanchies vulgaris). See Amelanchies.
aceae.
'
"
"
"
Vine
(Vitisvinifera). See Titis.
of
Grass
Parnassus
(Parnassiapalustris).See Parnassia.
Birch
Gray
(Betulapopulifolia).See Betula.
Greeic
Valerian
(Folemonium cseruleum). See Polemonium.
Hellebore
See Helleborus.
Green
(Helleborusviridis)."
Green
Orchis
Man
See Aceras.
(Aceras anthro^jophora).
Green
See
Spleen-wort
(Aspleniumviride)." Asplenium.
Orchis
Green-Vtfinsed
(Orchis morio). See Orchis.
Grape
"
"
"
"
"
"
Greigr's
Tulip
(TulipaGreigi)."See Tulipa.
Grevillea
Greenhouse
(Silk-barkOak). Ord. Proteacese.
hardy
"
shrubs.
First
introduced
1790.
oru.
Flowering
foliage.
evergreen
CULTUEE
OF
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
Compost, equal parts
fibrous peat " turfy
Position, well-drained
loam, one part silver sand.
or
Pot, March
pots in airy greenhouse, window, or dwelling-room.
off
Prune
April. Water
moderately Sept.to April,freely afterwards.
to induce
to
pointsof shoots occasionally
bushy growth. Temp., March
45" to 55".
Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to March
CULTUEE
HAEDY
SPECIES
OP
: Soil, peaty.
Position, sheltered
shrubberies
S. of England; against south walls other parts.
Plant,
in severe
Oct. or April. Prune, April. Protect
weather.
PaoPAGATE
\ in. deep in well-drained
greenhouse speciesby seeds sown
65"
of
soil
in
70"
in
March
to
shoots
temp.
light
pots
; cuttingsof young
small portions of branches
attached
3 in. long, with
inserted in sandy
soil in well-drained pots under
in temp. 75" to 80" in March,
bell-glass
seeds
or
sown
\ in. deep outdoors in March
April, May; hardy speciesby
in
Nov.
in
March
Oct.
or
or
or
April ; layers
; grafting
April.
G. robusta, orange,
GKEESHOUSB
SPECIES:
10 to 20 ft.,Australia;
summer,
6 ft,, Australia.
rosmarinifolia, red, summer,
HARDT
SPECIES
10 ft,,Australia.
juniperiana sulphurea, yellow, summer,
: G,
alba
See
Grey
Poplar
(Populus
canescens).
Populus,
"
"
Griffinia
(Blue Amaryllis), Ord, Amaryllidaceae. Stove bulbous
floweringplants. Evergreen. First introduced 1815.
CULTUEE
: Compost, two
posed
parts fibrous loam, one part peat, decom"
" sand.
Position, well-drained pots on a bed or
beneath
to temp., 85" in plant stove.
Pot, June or July.
Press compost down
firmly. Eepotting not needful oftener than once
three or four years.
Water
moderately Oct. to April, freely
every
afterwards.
in
Syringe freely
summer.
Topdress established plants
with rich compost. Temp., March
annually in March
to Sept. 70" to
80"; Sept. to Dec, 55" to 65"; December
to March
65" to 75"Pro-
sheep
manure
stage heated
186
ENCYCLOPEDIA
pagate by
March;
at
seeds
potting
thiua
from
time.
CULTIVATED:
G.
old
bulbs
Grim-the-Collier
Griselinia
(New
1873.
Oru.
loam.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
spring, 10
Gromwell
Ground
CistUS
to
Position, shady,
into
April. Prune
in sandy soil in sheltered
G.
hyaoin-
in
Oct.
littoralis,green,
or
spring,
Hardy
Cornacea3.
First introduced
Zealand.
"
by cuttingsinserted
Sept.,Oct., or Nov. ; layering shoots
p"ylla, green,
or
pots
See Hieracium.
"
CTJLT'DE.E
:
Soil, rich
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
3-in.
1 ft., Brazil;
summer,
Broad-leaf)."Ord.
evergreen
Feb.
18 in., Brazil.
(Hieracium aurantiacum).
Zealand
in
placed singly in
and
Blumendvia, pink,
shrubs.
GARDENING.
sown
offsets removed
SPECIES
OF
borders.
sheltered
cold
or
frame
Nov.
20
to
30
ft. ; luoida
maoro-
12 ft.
"
thamnus.
Ground
Holly." See Chimaphila,
Ground
Ivy (Nepeta Glechoma). See Nepeta.
Ground
Nut
and Arachis
(Apiostuberosa
hypogaea). See
and Arachis.
Grove
Fern."
See Alsophila.
Gua,va,-tree
See Psidium.
(Psidium^uava pyriferum).
Guelder
Rose
(Viburnum Opulus). See Virburnum.
"
"
Apios
"
"
Guernsey
Guernsey
Orchis
"
Nerine.
See Orchis.
(Orchislaxiflora)."
Guinea
See Capsicum.
Pepper
(Capsicum annuum).
Box
Gum
(Escalloniamacrantha). See Escallonia.
Gum
CistUS
(Cistusladaniferus)."See Cistus.
Gunnera,
baceous
(PricklyEhubarb). Ord. Haloraginaceae. Hardy her1849.
Leaves,
perennials. Orn. foliage. First introduced
large,4 to 6ft. in diameter; dark green.
CULTUEE
sheltered
:
Soil, ordinary rich. Position, damp, sunny
margins of ponds or bogs. Plant, March or April. Protect with leaves
in winter.
Water
Propagate by seeds
abundantly in dry weather.
1-16 in. deep in pans
of light soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March,
sown
transplantingseedlingsoutdoors in June ; division of plants in March
or
April.
"
"
"
CULTIVATED
Brazil; oMlensis
"
W.
Indies.
GymnoCladUS
Legumiuosae. Hardy
introduced
wide.
CULTUEE
or
1748.
:
lawns.
(Kentucky
deciduous
Leaves,
"
tree.
beries
Position, shady shrubyoung
trees, Jan.
Pro-
seeds
pagate by
in
1 in.
sown
similar
positionin
SPBOIES
July,
30
to
CULTIVATED:
60 ft., N.
or
Oct.
deep
March.;
in
light soil
in
outdoors
shady position
inserted 2 in. deep in
cuttingsof roots
March.
or
G.
America;
Cvrnnosra.mme
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOPMDIA
canadensis
(Kentucky Coffee Tree), white, May
ollinensis (Soap Tree), white, June, 20 ft., China.
(Gold Fern;
Silver Fern).
Stove " greenhouse evergreen
ferns.
First introduced
sides covered
finelydivided, upper sides green, under
to
Pilices.
Fronds
1790.
with, white
or
Ord.
"
yellow powder.
"
one
part fibrous peat, one part leaf-mould
tion,
Posisilver sand, charcoal, " coarselyground bones.
erect speciesin well-drained
pots; drooping speciesin hanging
baskets.
Water
Pot, Feb. or March.
moderately Oct. to Feb., freely
afterwards.
Temp., stove
Syringing or shading not necessary.
to Sept. 65" to 75"; green55" to 65", March
species,Sept. to March
house
to Sept. 55" to 65".
45" to 50", March
species,Sept. to March
surface of fine sandy peat under
bell-glass
on
Propagate by spores sown
in temp. 75" to 85" any time; division of plants at potting time; fronds
furnished
with
plantletspegged on to surface of sandy peat under
CULTUKE
loam,
Compost,
part
one
in temp. 70"
bell-glass
STOVE
G.
"
for cutting.
Sow seeds in
CULTUEE
Position, sunny borders.
: Soil, ordinary.
Thin
later
out
to a tew
outdoors
on
patches
during April.
seedlings
inches apart.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
G. multiflora, yellow, Aug., 18 in., Mexico.
See Fenuisetum.
Gymnothrix.
See Cortaderia.
Gynerium.
Ord.
Gynura.
Composites. Stove perennialswith ornamental
"
"
"
foliage. Leaves
purple-tinted.
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould,
CULTUBE:
to March,
SPECIES
55" to 65".
CULTIVATED:
sarmentosa,
to
G.
Pot
in March.
Temp., March
Water
to
"
sand.
freelyMarch
Oct., 70"
to
80";
ft., Java;
ft.
Gypsophila.
"
plants
in
Oct.
permanent
or
April.
to Oct.. la
G. olegana, white, June
SPECIES:
ANNUAL
12 to 18 in., Asia Minor.
Tiscosa, rose, fragrant, summer,
188
to
18
in., Caucasus;
ENCYCLOPEDIA
flowers
OF
GARDENING.
fade,
"
"
SPECIES
Russia.
OULTITATBD:
H.
Hamamelis
argenteum,
purplisli. May
to
July,
to
ft.,
Ord. Hamamelidaceae.
(Witch Hazel).
Hardy
Deciduous.
First introduced
1736.
CULTUBE:
Soil, deep rich loam.
Position, damp borders or shrubberies
" margins of lakes.
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
Prune
into shape
Feb.
in Oct. or Nov. ; grafting rare
Propagate by layeringbranches
kind in March.
specieson common
SPECIES
H.
OULTITATBD:
arboroa, primrose yellow, Deo.
to Eeb., 15 ft.,
Japan; japonioa, lemon yellow, Dec. to Feb., 13 ft.,Japan; japonioa zuocariniana,
pale yellow; mollis, yellow, Jan. and Feb., 10 ft.,China; Tirginioa, yellow, Deo. to
Feb., N. Amerioa.
Hamburgh
Parsley
(Carum Petroselinum)."See Carum.
Ord.
HaplOCarpha.
Compositse. Half-hardy perennial.
First introduced
1883.
CULTURE:
Soil, sandy loam.
Position, sunny,
dry, and welldrained
border.
Plant, April. Propagate by seeds sown
in temp. 55"
in spring;^
also by cuttingsinserted in temp. 55" in spring; or in cold
frame
during summer.
"
floweringshrubs.
"
SPECIES
Afrioa.
CULTIVATED:
H.
Leitohlinii,yellow
and
purple,
snmmer,
ft.. S.
Hardenbergfia
Australian
(Australian Sarsaparilla-tree
;
Lilac). Ord. Leguminosse. Greenhouse
flowering twining plants.
First introduced
Evergreen. Nat. S. Australia.
1790.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts loam " peat, little silver sand.
Position, pots, with shoots trained to trellis,or planted out in beds,
" shoots
trained up rafters.
Pot or
Water
plant, Feb. or May.
to Sept.,moderately at other
freelyMarch
times.
Prune
straggling
plants into shape in Feb.
stimulants
Apply weak
occasionallyto
"
190
ENCYCL0PJ3DIA
healthy plants
March
40"
to
flower.
lu
Temp.,
Propagate by
50".
OAUDBNING.
OF
March
seeds
to
deep
^m.
sown
Sept. to
in well-drained
pots
"
Hare-bell
_Hare's-ear."
Hare's-foot
Hare's-tail
Haricot
See
Bupleurium.
Fern
See Davallia.
(Davallia canariensis)."
Grass
See
(Lagurus ovatus).
Lagurus.
"
Bean
Harlequin
Harpalium."
(Phaseolus vulgaris,.
Flower
See
Musk
Harrison's
See
Phaseolus.
See Sparaxis.
(Sparaxisgrandiflora)."
Helianthus.
(Mimulus moschatus
Harrisoni). See Mimu"
"
lus.
Fern
Hart'S-tOnsue
(Seolopendrium vulgare).
"
See
Scolo-
pendrium.
Cactus
Hatchet
See Peleoyphora.
(Pelecyphoraasseliformis).
strawberry
(Pragaria elatior). See Pragaria.
Beard
(Crepisaurea). See Crepis.
Weed
(Hieracium aurantiacum). See Hieracium.
HautboiS
Hawl('s
"
"
"
Hawk
"
Haworthla.
succulent-leaved
Ord.
Liliaoese.
Greenhouse
First introduced
foliage. Nat. S. Africa.
"
1720.
Plowers,
plants. Orn.
"
Leaves,
variegated.
t
ransparent,
greenish.
fleshy,
warty
broken
CULTURE
bricks, mortar
: Compost, equal parts light loam,
rubbish
" river sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in light greenhouse
shaded
from
or
sun.
Pot, March
moderately April to
April. Water
times.
other
only when
Repotting
necessary
Sept.,occasionally
60" to 65";
to
March
of
ill-health.
show
Sept.
Temp.,
signs
plants
Sept.
to
50"
March
.well-drained pots
Aug.
;
SPECIES
by
CULTIVATED
3
in.; attenuata,
in
pans
placed
suckers
55".
to
or
in
H.
visooaa, 2 in.
Hawthorn
"
"
See Erica.
Heath.
Heather
(Calluna vulgaris). See
John'S-wort
St.
Heath-leaved
"
"
Hypericum.
Calluna.
(Hypericum coris)."See
Starwfort
Heath-leaved
Bamboo
Heavenly
"
"
Ord.
borders.
Sow
Position, sunny
CULTURE:
Soil, good ordinary.
off
in
"
harden
seedlings
early
May,
plant
s"eds in heat in March,
Seeds may also be sown
12 to 18 in. apart in groups.
out late in May
middle
of April.
thinly where required to flower about the
white
and
18 in., 8.
scarlet,
H.
enmmer,
oomoaa,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Hebenstretia.
Hedera
Bhrubs.
"
(Ivy).
"
Orn.
foliage.
Ord.
Araliaceae.
Flowers,
green;
191
Hardy
Oct.
evergreen
to Nov.
climbing
Leaves, green,
ENCYCLOPEDIA
walla
white.
"
Berries,
purplishblack,
CULTURE:
against
GARDENING.
OF
all
of
banks
shade
" under
of trees; variegated kinds
against
walls or fences.
Plant, Sept., Oct., Nov., Feb., March,
or
April. Peg shoots to surface of soil when first planted in any
position. Prune
April, cutting off old leaves " straggling shoots.
if vigorous growth is
Water
Apply stimulants
freelyin dry weather.
desired.
POT
CULTURE
;
Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould or
"
sand.
Position, well-drained
pots iu unheated
decayed manure
Water
March.
windows.
or
Pot, Oct. or
greenhouse, balconies
into shape,April.
Prune
moderately Oct. to March, freelyafterwards.
only.
Apply stimulants to established plants iu summer
above.
HANGING
BASKETS:
as
same
Plant, Oct. or
Compost,
Water
March.
Position, unheated
greenhouses, balconies or windows.
afterwards.
to
Sept.
April,freely
moderately
trellises,on
south
or
west
IN
SCREENS
drained,
ROOMS:
Compost
trained
to wire
above.
as
shoots
with
or
wood
trellis.
times.
other
to Oct., occasionally
moderately March
nary
ordiin.
iu
inserted
firm
shoots
to
8
6
of
long
Propagate by cuttings
soil at base
of north wall or fence, Sept. to Nov., in well-drained
iu Oct., or in temp. 55" to 65", Sept. to Nov.; tree
pots in cold frame
common
" variegatedkinds by cleft grafting on
speciesiu temp. 55" in
Water
March.
Feb.
Helix
H.
CULTIVATED:
Helii
H.
CULTIVATED:
"
"
"
Flowers
fragrant.
of loam
" one
of sand.
two
: Compost,
parts peat, one
Position, well-drained
pots, tubs or boxes, or planted in beds in stove
or
warm
greenhouse. Pot plants may be stood outdoors July to Aug.
or
Pot, March
April. Water
freely April to Nov., occasionallyother
twice a week
to plantsin flower.
times.
Temp.,
Apply liquidraauure
CULTURE
50" to 55";
60" to 70", Nov. to March
45" to
Nov.
65 "^ to 75", Nov.
to March
down
flower
stems
Cut
50".
immediately after flowering. H.
Plant, May,
^ardnerianumadapted for outdoor culture in summer.
when
rich soil. Water
in
freelyin dry weather.
Apply liquidmanure
Lift roots in Oct. " store in frost-proof
in flower.
place till plauting
time.
Propagate by division of rhizomes (creepingstems) in March or
stove
species,March
to
Nov.
greenhouse species,March
to
April.
STOVE
SPECIES:
fiavum, yellow,
summer,
H.
ooronarium,
white,
3 ft.
192
summer,
ft., India;
coronarium
ENOrOLOPJ^JjlA
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
OF
H.
GARDENING.
gardiierianum. lemon-yellow,
summer,
ft.,
Himalayas,
Hedysarum
perennialherbs
CULTUKE
and
Soil
slopesfor
shrubs.
First
ordinary.
dwarf
introduced
Leguminosae. Hardy
1596.
Position, sunny
rockeries, banks,
or
species; sunny
Plant, Oct., March, or April.
well-drained
for tall species.
borders
Cut down
pagate
Proflower stems
in Oct.
seeds
in.
sown
outdoors
in
lings
seedJ
by
deep
April,transplanting
in June
to final position;division
of roots, Oct. or April.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
H.
ooronarium
(Frenoh Honeysuckle), red, summer,
3 to 4 ft., S. Europe;
ooronarium
album, wliite; Mackenzi, rosy purple, June,
2 to 3 ft.,N. Amerioa.
SHRUBBY
SPECIES:
H.
multimioro-oalyx, purple, June, 3 It,, Himalayas;
jugum, red, June, i ft.,Mongolia.
Hedyscepe
Stove palm,
(Umbrella Palm)." Ord, Palmaceae,
foliage. A good'room
plant. Leaves, feather-shaped,
green.
CULTURE
" peat, little silver sand.
: Compost, equal parts loam
Position, well-drained
Pot, Feb., March, or
pots in shady plant stove.
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
April. Water freelyMarch
Syringe
twice dailyMarch
to
to Sept, 70" to 85" ; Sept.
or
Sept, Temp,, March
60" to 65".
March
in.
1
seeds
in
in
sown
soil,
Propagate by
deep
light
Oi-n.
temp. 70"
to
80", in
Feb.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Howe's
Island.
Helen-flowrer
or
H.
March.
oauterburyana
(Syn. Kentia
oanteriuryana).
Helenium
"
positse.Hardy
herbaceous
perennials and
1729.
CULTURE
OF PERENNIAL
well-drained
borders.
sunny
down
flower
stems
in Oct.
SPECIES
annuals.
First
Lord
Ord. Coraintroduced
Soil,ordinaryrich. Position,
Plant, Oct., Nov.,.March, or April. Cut
:
Flowers
exceedingly useful for cutting.
in April,transplanting
in.
outdoors
sown
Propagate by
deep
J
of
in
in
June
roots
division
Oct. or March.
or
July;
seedlings
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
CULTURE
OF
Soil, ordinary. Position,
in March
Sow seeds in patches in borders
or
April,
sunny borders.
H.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
autumnale,
yellow, July to Oct., 3 to 6 ft., N,
striatum
1 ft,, autumnale
America
pumilum,
(Syn, Grandioephalum
; autumnale
brown, Aug. to Oct.,
striatum), yellow and brown, 4 ft, ; BigeloTii, yellow and
4
IS
Bolanderi, yellow and
in., California;
ft., California;
brown, summer,
2 ft., N. America.
Hoopesii, yellow, summer,
ANNUAL
SPECIES
H, setigerum (Syn. Ambyolepis
:
setigera), yellow, summer,
1 ft., Texas.
Helianthemum
(Sun Rose; Rock
Rose)." Ord, Cistinaceae.
seeds
Evergreen.
banks
CULTURE
Position, sunny
: Soil, light sandy.
into shape, March.
Plant, Oct., March, or April. Prune
by
seeds
shoots,
rockeries.
Propagate
in April;
1-16 in.
sown
cuttingsof
or
1 to 2
in
soil in cold frame
H.
3 to
4
SPECIES
formosum,
yellow, June
ODLTITATED:
ft., Portugal;
and
its
ocymoides, yellow, June, 2 ft., S. Europe; Tulgare, yellow, June, trailingj,
and
single varieties.
double
numerous
HelianthUS
(Sunflower;Jerusalem
Artichoke). Ord. Composite,
"
Hardy
annual
edible,
CULTURE
borders.
or
OF
Sow
perennialherbs;
ANNUAL
J in.
seeds
tubers
of
Jerusalem
Artichoke
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary. Position,
sunny
in
where
April
plants are to llower, or
deep
193
ENOTOLOP^DIA
OF
OAEDENING.
CULTURE
OP
ARTICHOKE:
Soil, ordinary rich.
Feb.
or
March, placing tubers 6 in.
shady. Plant,
"
in.
12
in
ft.
asunder.
3
rows
deep
apart
Earth-up when stems are
6 in. high.
Lift tubers in Nov.
" store in sand or dry soil in outhouse,
leave in ground " dig as required.
or
Pbopaoate
annual
" perennial speciesby seeds sown
J in. deep in
outdoors
in
March
or
place
April; perennials by division of roots,
sunny
Oct., March, or April ; Jerusalem
artichoke, by tubers treated as above.
6 to 10 ft.,
ANNUAL
SPECIES
annuus
(Common
: H.
Sunflower), yellow, summer,
N. America;
argophyllus, yellow, G ft., N. America; debills oucumerifolius, yellow,
Position, open
JERUSALEM
or
to 4 ft.
PERENNIAL
4 to
6 ft.,
SPECIES:
H.
deoap^talus, sulpbnr yellow, summer,
multifloruB
multiflorua, yellow, July, 4 ft., N. Amerioa;
maximus, largeflowered; multiflorus
flore-pleno, double-flowered; orgyalis, yellow, Aug., 6 ft.,
N. Amerioa;
rigidus (Syn. Harpalium
rigidum), yellow, Aug., 5 ft., N. America;
tuberosus
(Jerusalem Artiohoke), yellow, 6 ft., N. Amerioa.
HeliChrysum
(Everlasting-flower;Immortelle-flower).Ord.
Canada;
"
Compositae.
shrubs.
CULTURE
SPECIES
OF ANNUAL
Sow seeds in gentleheat in March, "
in April. Gather
flowers for winter
perennials,and
greenhouse
expanded.
CULTURE
OP PERENNIAL
well-drained
borders.
in Oct.
flower stems
Gather
sunny
SPECIES
flowers
March
for winter
Plant,
or
April.
decoration
Poisition,
Cut
when
down
fully
developed.
SHRUBBY
SPECIES:
HARDY
Sbil, rich loam.
summit
well-drained
borders
of rockery. Plant,
on
in very severe
weather.
Protect
Sept. or Oct.
SPECIES
two
GREENHOUSE
OF
: Compost,
CULTURE
parts peat,
tion,
Posi" one
part of equal proportionsof leaf-mould, charcoal, " sand.
in Feb. or March.
Pot
Water
freely
firmly
greenhouse.
sunny
in summer,
Temp., 45" to 50" in winter;
moderately other seasons.
doors
out55" to 60" other seasons.
Propagate hardy speciesby seeds sown
in spring; greenhouse species
in April or cuttings in cold frame
in spring.
by cuttings in fine sand under bell-glass
mer,
SPECIES:
H. braoteatum
ANNUAL
(EverlastingFlower), colours Tarious, sum3 to 4 ft.,Anstralia.
arenarinm
SPECIES:
H.
PERENNIAL
(Yellow Everlasting),yellow, summer,
CULTURE
OF
Position, sunny
in., Europe.
SPECIES:
H. Stteolias,yellow, 1 ft.,summer,
SHRUBBY
SPECIES:
H. humile
SHRUBBY
GREENHOUSE
(Syn. Aphelexis
to
12
HARDY
summer,
ft.,S. AfriOa.
Heliconia
green
CULTURE
peat,
Feb.
"
or
Europe.
humilis), piiilc,
"
sand.
March.
ceous
Stove herba1786.
Leaves,
two
parts fibrous loam, one
part leaf-mould,
Position, pots in shady part of plant stove.
Pot,
Compost,
Water
freelyMarch
194
to
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Nov.,
OF
GARDENING.
Nov.
to March.
Syringe daily March
Sept. 65" to 75" ; Sept. to Nov. 60" to 70"
65". Propagate by division of roots in Feb. or
Feb.
none
to
to
Sept. Temp.,
Nov.
to Feb. 55*^
to
March.
SPE0IE8
OITLTIYATED
H. anreo-striata, green
:
and
yellow leaves, 3 ft.. New
Britain
red
J illnstris, green
and
leaves, 3 ft.; Sanderi, variegated, 3 ft.
Heliophila
(Cape stock; Sun Cress)." Ord. Cruciierro.
Hardy
annuals.
Nat. S. Africa.
First introduced
1774.
;
CTJLTUEE:
Soil, ordinary.
Water
in dry weather.
boxes of lightsoil in
or
outdoors
end of May,
flower.
SPECIES
Position, sunny
Propagate by
seeds
well-drained
borders.
1-16 in.
deep in jpans
temp, of 55" in March, transplantingseedRngs
similar depth in April where
or
plants are ^o
OULTIVATED:
sown
H.
and
amplexioaulis, white
purple, summer,
9 in
2 ft. ; pilosa, blue, summer,
6 to 12 in.
HeliopsiS
Ord.
(North American
Compositse. Hardy
Ox-eye)."
herbaceous
perennials and annuals.
First introduced
1714.
OTJLTUEE:
Soil, ordinary rich.
well-drained
Position, sunny
borders.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
or
April. Cut down flower stems
in Oct.
Water
in dry weather.
Apply stimulants
occasionallywhen
show
flower
buds.
in
plants
Propagate annual species by seeds sown
heat in spring" planted out in sunny
place outdoors in May ; perennial
ooronopifolia,bluish
speciesby
SPECIES
3
division
of
CULTIVATED
summer,
plants,Oct., March,
H.
or
April.
(Syn. Helianthus
oordatus),yellow, summer,
5 ft., N. America, perennial.
Isevis,yellow, autumn,
ft.,Peru, annual;
"
'
white,
oanesoens
Heliotrope
Heliotropium
trained
to
Position, pots or beds, with shoots growing loosely or
beds outdoors
trellis,walls, pillarsor rafters in greenhouse; in sunny
in pots in windows.
Plant
June
doors,
outto Sept.,or
Pot, Feb. to May.
Lift
"
to Oct.,
June.
freely March
repot, Stept. Water
to healthy
Apply liquid or artificial manure
old plants in closelyin Feb.
Training : Nip
also lateral shoots when
dwarf
3 in. long to form
ofE points of main,
shoots
main
when
in.
12
long, " side shoots when
plants; points of
2ft.
shoots when
3 to 6 in. long, to form
pyramids; points of main
long, " of lateral shoots at apex when 3 to 6 in. long all side shoots to
standards.
to be removed
within
4 in. of apex
altogether to form
Oct.
60"
Pot plants do
to 70";
to Feb. 50" to 55".
Temp., Feb. to Oct.
or
best in cold frame
positionoutdoors July " Aug. Propagate
sunny
in
well-drained
1-16 in. deep
pots or pans of lightsoil in
by seeds sown
of
shoots
2 to 3 in. long inserted
temp. 65" to 75" in March ; by cuttings
in
or
bell-glass,
in pots of sandy soil under
propagator in temp. 65" to
moderately afterwards.
Prune
plants in flower.
"
"
75" in March,
SPECIES
6
April,Aug.,
CULTIVATED:
ft., Peru;
numerous
Helipterum
Compositae. Hardy
H.
or
Sept.
peruvianum,
blue
and
varieties.
Everlasting;Immortelle-flower).Ord.
(Australian
"
annuals.
Nat.
W.
Australia.
First
introduced
1863.
: Soil,light rich.
Position,
OF H. HUMBOLDTIANUM
CULTURE
seeds sown
borders.
by
Jin.
well-drained
Propagate
deep in
sunny
well-drained pots of light soil, in temp. 55" in March, transplanting
end of May or early in June.
outdoors
seedlings
195
h2
EXC'YCLOP.EDIA
OF
GARDEN
G.
IN
MANGLESII
EOSEUM:
Soil, ordinary.
AND
Sow
borders.
seeds Jin. deep in light sandy
to 65^^ in March
or
April,harden ofi in May, " plant
when
" dry thoroughly in
out in June.
Gather
blooms
fully grown,
for winter
decorations.
summer
POT
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts sandy peat, leaf -mould,
Sow
seeds thinly in shallow
or
loam, " decayed cow-manure.
pan
for
box in temp. 55" to 65" in Sept. for spring flowering," in March
summer
blooming.
Transplant when three leaves have formed, several
rately
modeshelf near
1 in. apart in a 5-in. pot.
Grow
on
glass. Water
stimulants
week
weak
a
once
at first; freely later on.
Apply
with
stakes
when
neat
3 to
when
in.
6
are
seedlings
high.
Support
45"
55".
Winter
to
shade
6 in. high. No
temp.,
required.
)mmboldtiaiium
mer,
H.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
(Syn. H. Sandfordi),yellow, sum;
1 ft., Australia
Manglesii), rosy pink and yellow,
1 Manglesii (Syn. Kliodanthe
12 to 18 in., Australia; vc-ieum
roseum), rose, Bummer,
(Syn. Acroclineuni
Kummer,
2 ft.,Australia; roseum
album, wnite.
Hellebore
(Helleborusniger)."See Helleborus.
Helleborine
Epipactus lati(Cephalanthera grandiflora and
CULTURE
OP
Position, sunny
soil in temp. 55"
H.
beds
or
Epipactus.
"
Rose;
(Hellebore; Christmas
Hardy perennials. Evergreen
Europe (Britain),Asia.
Helleborus
Ranunculaceae.
Rose). Ord.
Lenten
"
deciduous.
"
Nat.
occasionallyMay
Apply liquidmanure
with
when
Protect
five or six years.
with
surface
of bed
moss
in
bloom.
to
soil
Manure
freelypriorto
planting.
part decayed
to temp. 40^ to
greenhouse
Lift fresh plants annually for pot culture, replanting
50".
Pot, Oct.
Water
in April or May.
outdoors
moderately. Size of pot
old ones
iin. deep in
for single plants, 6 to Sin.
Propagate by seeds sown
Oct.
or
March, transplanting
shallow boxes of sandy soil in cold frame
CULTURE
POT
manure.
two
Compost,
one
heated
or
of roots in July.
Jan. to March, 1 ft.,
purplish
green,
SPECIES
and
April, 18 in., S. Europe, Caneaeus;
atrorubens,
purple, March
Caucasus;
oaucasious
punotatus, reddish purple ; colchicus, deep purple, Jan. to Maroh, 18 in.,
and
foetidus
purple, Feb., 2 to 3 ft.,
(Stinkingf Hellebore), green
Asia
Minor;
nieer
March, 18 in., Corsica;
(Christmas Ros^, white
lividua, green,
Britain;
when
seedlings outdoors
H.
CULTIVATED:
winter,
to
in.,
15
old;
year
by division
absohasicus,
Europe, and
its
Tarieties
altifolius
or
maximus
(white and
(Fragrant Hellebore),
purple), augustifolius (white), and major (white); odorus
Maroh, 18 in., Hungary ; olympicus, purple, Feb. to April, 1 to 2 ft.,
green,
its
and
orientalis
(Lenten Ilose), rose, Feb. to May, 1 to 2 ft., Greece:
Greece;
varieties, guttatus (white), and sub-punctatus (white and green), viridis (Green
in trade
varieties will be found
March, 18 in., Europe. Many
Hellebore), green,
lists.
See Acomtum
and Scutellaria.
Helmet-floweri
See
Orchid.
Helmet
Coryanthes.
Hardy
Helonias
(Stud-flower). Ord. LiliacesB.
"
"
"
perennial.Nat.
CULTURE
N.
America.
Soil, sandy
loam
First
"
introduced
herbaceous
1758.
ders
peat. Position, moist, shady bor-
March.
196
MNOYOLOVMDIA
OF
GARDENING.
Herb-ChristopKer
(Actaeaspicata)."See Actaea.
Herb-Lily
(Alstromeria aurea)."See Alstromeria.
Herb-Louisa
(Lippiacitriodora).See Lippia.
(Euta graveolens)."See Kuta.
See Euta.
Herb-Of-Repentance
(Euta graveolens)."
Herb
Paris
Paris.
See
(Parisquadrifolia)."
Herb
Patience
(Eumex patienta)." See Rumex.
Herb-Twopence
(Lysimachia nummularia). See Lysimaeliia.
Herminium
trial
(Musk Orchis)."Ord. OrchidacesB.
Hardy terres"
Herb-Of-Grace
"
orchid with
musk-scented
flowers.
CULTUEE
loam with plenty of chalk or old mortar
: Soil,lightturfy
and leaf-mould
added.
Position, sunny
rockeries; or in pots in cold
Plant
wild
frame.
flowers have
roots
faded; pot roots in
directly
earlyspring. Propagate by division in spring.
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED
and yellow, July, 6 in., Britain.
monorohis, green
: H.
Herniaria
(Eupture-wort). Ord. Illicebraceae.
Hardy perennial
Ornamental-leaved.
trailing herb.
CTJIiTTJEE
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny or shady rockeries, or
"
edgings to carpet-beds, or
as
choice
sown
bulbs.
1-16 in.
of
carpetingsurface
of beds
containing
to June.
Propagate by
or
deep in light sandysoil outdoors, March
April;
plants,Oct., Nov., March, April or May.
SPEOIES
glabra
for
aurea,
CULTIVATED
: H.
leaves golden.
Heron'S-biil
glabra, leaves
dark
green,
in., Europe
seeds
sion
divi-
(Britain);
Herringr-bone
Herrins-bone
Hesperantha
"
(Evening-flower).Ord.
Iridaceae.
"
Greenhouse
Nat.
First introduced
S. Africa.
floweringplants. Deciduous.
Flowers
1787.
fragant,opening in the evening.
CULTUEE
: Compost, two
or
parts sandy soil, one part leaf-mould
" little sand.
Position, well-drained
decayed cow manure,
pots in cold
till growth begins, then remove
to
frame, cool greenhouse or window
temp. 45" to 55". Pot, Nov., placing five bulbs 3 in. deep in a 5-in.
pot. Cover pots with cocoanut-fibre refuse or cinder ashes till growth
till flowers
begins. Water
moderately from time growth commences
fade, then gradually withhold, keeping bulbs quitedry from Sept.to
Jan.
Eepot annually. Propagate by offsets treated as advised for
bulbous
bulbs.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
and white. May,
and red. May, 6 in.
brown
Hesperis
Eocket). Ord.
"
10
H.
in. ;
oinnamomea,
pilosa,white
(SweetEocket;
Cruciferse.
1597.
Flowers,
CULTUEE
OF
Dame's
Dame's
Hardy perennialherbs.
Eocket ; Double
First introduced
fragrant.
PEEENNIAL
moiat.
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary rich
beds or borders.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
or
April.
in May.
Mulch
with decayed manure
sionally
occaApply liquid manure
in summer
to double
in
down
varieties.
Cut
flower stems
kinds
Lift " replant double
second
Oct.
Propagate
every
year.
Jin.'deep in sunny
position outdoors in
singlekinds by seeds sown
tings
April,transplantingseedlingsin June or July; double kinds by cutshoots 3 in. long inserted in sandy soil in shady position
of young
under haud-li^ht
cold frame, Sept. or
or
or
in
outdoors, July to Sejpt,,
Oct., transplanting in March; also by division of roots, Oct. or March.
Position, sunny
198
BNOTCLOPMDIA
GABDENINO.
OF
PEBBNNIAL
SPECIES
matrionalia
: H.
(Sweet Booket), white or lllao.May to
3 ft,, 8. Europe, and
its double
white
and
purple-floweredTarieties;
Tiolaoea,purple, April to June, 2 ft.,Asia Uinor.
Latter
best grown
as
a biennial.
July,
to
Hessea.
Ord. Amaiyllidacese. Greenhouse
bulbous
flowering
plants. Deciduous.
Nat. Cape of Good Hope. First introduced 1774.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts sandy soil,one part leaf-mould or
little
"
sand.
decayed cow
manure,
Position, well-drained pots in cold
to
frame, cool greeflhouse,or window
till growth begins,then remove
5-in.
in
in.
a
bulbs
3
temp. 45" to 55".
five
Pot, Nov., placing
deep
pot. Cover pots with oocoanut-fibre refuse or cinder ashes till growth
till flowers
begins. Water
moderately from time growth commences
fade, then gradually withhold, keeping bulbs quitedry from Sept. to
Jan.
Eepot annually.
Propagate by offsets treated as bulbs.
"
SPECIES
10 in.
CULTIVATED
H.
orispa, pink,
summer,
Heuchera
(Alum-root; American
Hardy perennialherbs.
Flowering "
3 in.
Sanicle). Ord.
"
orn.
yellow, Aug.,
gemmata,
foliage.
Saxifragacese.
First
introduced
1656.
CULTUEE
:
Soil, ordinary light rich
soils.
Position, open sunny well-drained
"
"
"
in Oct.
CULTUEE
beds or
flower.
CULTUEE
OF
borders.
OF
ANNUAL
Sow
SPECIES
seeds Jin.
HAEDT
SHEUBBY
Position, sheltered,sunny,
after
deep
in
April
where
plants are
to
SPECIES
: Soil,rich,lightloam.
border.
Plant, Oct. Prune
and dead wood
weak
only.
199
well-drained
flowering,thinning out
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GABDENING.
Peop
stove
ABATE
of
Africa.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
(Hardy) :
and
Moflcheutos, white
rose,
4 to 6 ft.,N.
purple, summer,
H.
summer,
America.
3 to
militaris,rose, summer,
3 to 5 ft., N.
America;
ft., U. States
rosea,
rose
and
HARDY
H.
SHRUBBT
SPECIES
Althsea
or
:
syriaous (Rose of Sharon
fnitei),
Tarious
6 to
several
8 ft., deciduous,
oolours, late summer,
are
Syria. There
varieties of this speoies.
HALF-HARDT
H.
6 to 8 ft.,
SPECIES;
Manihot,
yellow and purple, summer,
borders.
Tropics. Bear from seed in heat in spring and plant out in June in sunny
Hickory
Hidalgroa
to furnish
cuttings in spring.
CULTURE
GREENHOUSE
in equal parts loam
and
leaf: Grow
with
sand.
and
of
Water
in
mould,
plenty
freely
spring
summer;
little at other seasons.
Train
shoots up roof.
Propagate by cuttings
of young
shoots in spring.
H. Wcrcklei, scarlet and yellow, summer,
12 to 15 ft.,
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
house
Oosta
Rica.
HieraciUIYI
Hardy
(Golden Mouse-ear;
Hawk-weed).
"
Ord.
Compositse.
perennial herbs.
CULTURE
banks
elevated
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
or
borders.
Plant, Oct. or March.
1-16 in.
Propagate by seeds sown
or
April ; division of roots any time in spring.
deep outdoors in March
H.
SPECIES
CULTIYATBD:
13 to 18 in., N.
aurantiaca, orange
red, summer,
Europe.
Hierochloe
(Holy Grass).
Graminea;.
Ord.
Hardy orn.
Inflorescence, chestnut-coloured, fragrant, borne
perennial grasses.
panicles; May
in
CULTURE
margins
damp
in
SPECIES
to
"
July.
of
position outdoors
CULTIVATED
Himalayan
H.
in spring; division of
borealis, f to 2 ft.,Europe
HoneySUClcle
plants in March.
(Britain).
(Leycesteriaformosa)."See Ley-
cesteria.
Himalayan
See
Hound's-tongue
(Lindelofia spectabilis)."
Lindelofia.
Himalayan
Lung:-Wort
Himalayan
May
Himalayan
Poppy
Apple
See
(Lindelofiaspectabilis)."
(Podophyllum Emodi)."
See
delofia.
Linphyllum.
Podo-
ENOYOLOPMDIA
OF
Himalayan
Primrose
Hindsia^
Ord.
Eubiaceae.
First introduced
1844.
OARDENINO.
See
(Primula Bikkimensis)."
Stove
"
Primula.
flowering shrubs.
evergreen
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts rough fibious peat, light loam,
silver sand
" charcoal.
Position, well-drained
pots in light stove.
Pot, Feb. or March.
Water
wards.
freely April to Sept.,moderately afterPrune
into shape, Feb.
Temp., Feb. to Aug. 65" to 75";
Aug. to Nov. 60" to 70" ; Nov. to Feb. 55" to 65". Propagate by cuttings
of firm shoots
inserted
in well-drained
pots of pure silver sand
under
in temp. 65" to 75" in March
June.
or
bell-glass
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
H. longiflora,blue, summer,
2 to 8 ft.,Brazil;- and
its varieties alba (white); violaoea, -violet blue, May, 3 ft., Brazil.
Hippeastrum
(Barbados Lily; Knight's Star Lily; Mexican
Ord.
Lily).
Amaryllidacese. Stove bulbous plants,popularlyknown
First introduced
as
1677.
Amaryllises. Deciduous.
CULTUEE
two
:
Compost,
partsturfy loam, one part river sand "
few
bones.
crushed
a
Position, well-drained
pots in light part of
stove.
Pot, Jan., burying bulb about two-thirds of its depth. Water
freelyfrom time growth begins (about Feb.) until July, when keep
when
flower spike shows.
quitedry. Apply liquidmanure
Top-dress
"
bulbs
three
four years only.
or
large
annually
repot every
Temp.,
65" to 75"; Sept. to Feb. 50" to 55".
Feb. to Sept.
Propagate by seeds
1-16 in. deep in well-drained
so'in
pots of sandy loam in temp. 65" to
70" in March,
placing seedlingssingly in 2-in. pots " keeping them
moderately moist all the year round for three years ; by offsets treated
old bulbs.
as
Seedlingsare three years or so before they flower.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
and orange, winter, 2 ft.,Brazil ;
anlioum, orimson
: H.
18 in.,Trop. America;
and wbite, spring,
equestre, red, summer,
Leopoldii, crimson
1 ft., Peru;
pardiuum, green, yellow and scarlet, spring, 2 ft., Peru; psittacinum,
2 ft., Brazil; Keginse, red
and
and
scarlet, summer,
white, spring, 2 ft.,
orange
S. America;
scarlet, spring, 1 ft., Brazil; vittatum, crimson
or
retioulatum, rose
and white, spring, 2 ft., Peru.
beautiful
Numerous
than the species,
hybrids, more
"
will be
found
in trade
HippocrepiS
lists.
(Horse-shoeVetch).
"
Ord.
Leguminosae.
Hardy
trailingherb.
evergreen
elevated
CULTURE
rockeries
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
:
or
1-16 in.
borders.
seeds
Plant, March
or
-sown
April. Propagate by
soil
fine
in
in
outdoors
in
March
division
or
position
deep
April;
sunny
of roots in March.
H. comosa,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
yellow. May to Aug., Europe, Africa, etc.
(Sea Buckthorn;
Sallow-thorn).Ord. Elseagnacese.
shrub.
flowers borne
" female
Male
berry-bearing
Hardy
to ensure
on
a
separate plants. Both must be grown
crop of berries.
Hippophae
"
deciduous
Berries, orange;
autumn
"
winter.
"
Position, open or shady shrubberies
: Soil, ordinary.
seaside gardens.
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
Propagate by seeds
sown
Jin. deep outdoors in Nov. or Dec; by cuttingsof roots inserted
in ordinary soil outdoors; layering
shoots in autumn.
in Feb. or March
H. rhamnoidos, yellow. May, 8 to 12 ft.,Europe.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
Hippuris
(Mare's-tail). Ord. Haloragacese. Hardy aquatic
strap-shaped;in circles
perennial. Orn. foliage. Leaves, narrow,
the stem.
round
Position, bogs, pondSi or damp places.
CULTUEE
: Soil, mud.
to June.
Plant, March
Propagate by division of roots, March.
H. vulgaris,8 to 12 in., Europe (Britain).
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
Holly
(IlexHodginsii). See Ilex.
HodSin's
CULTUEE
inland or
"
"
201
ENOTCLOP^DIA
GABDENINQ.
OF
Holboellia.
Cool
Ord.
Berberidacese.
greenhouse flowering
climber.
First
introduced
1846.
Evergreen.
CULTUEE
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part of equal proportions
of leaf-mould
shoots
" silver sand.
Position, large pots or tubs,
trained
roof.
in
Prune
weak
Water
autumn.
shoots
freely
up
away
winter.
in
during spring " summer,
Syringe freelywhen
moderately
not in flower.
inserted
in
Propagate by cuttings
sandy soil in gentle
in spring.
heat
SPECIES
OULTITATBD
latifolia (Syn. Stanntonia
wKito, fragrant,
: H.
latifolia),
epringf,10 to 20 ft.,Himalayas.
HolCUS
(Variegated Soft Grass). Ord. Graminaoeae.
Hardy orn.
perennial grass.
Leaves, soft, woolly, green, variegated with silvery
white.
"
"
CULTURE
:
Sbil, ordinary.
Position, edgings to beds or borders,
in clumps in borders.
Plant, Oct., March, or April. Propagate
l)ydivision of plants in Oct., March, or April. Variegated kind only
in gardens.
grown
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
lanatus
: H.
albo-Tariegatna,6 to 12 in., Britain.
Holly
(Ilex aquifolium).^ee Ilex.
Fern
Holly
(Aspidinm Lonchitis;. See Aspidium.
Hollyhock
(Althsearosea)." See Althaea.
Holly-leaved
Barberry
(Berberis aquifolium). See Ber
or
"
"
beris.
Holly-leaved
Olive
See
(Osmanthus aquifolium illicifolius).
"
Osmanthus.
Holly
Holm
Holy
Holy
Holy
Holy
Oak
Oak
See Quercus.
(Quercus ilex).
(Querous ilex). See Quercus.
Ghost-flowrer
(Peristeriaelata). See Periateria.
Grass
(Hierochloeborealis).See Hierochloe.
Rose
(Andromeda polifolia).See Andromeda.
". Silybum.
See Garbenia
Thistle.
"
"
"
"
"
"
Homeria.
"
Ord.
Irideso.
Handsome
greenhouse
bulb.
First introduced
1793.
CULTURE
POT
leaf-mould, " sand in equal parts.
: Compost, loam,
in.
in.
"
1
bulbs 1
Place
apart,
deep in 5 in. pots during Sept. " Oct.
"
in
cold
with
few inches of cocoanut-fibre
Stand
cover
a
a
frame,
to
then
refuse till growth begins,
remove
greenhouse. Plant in pots
active
Water
the glass.
growth.
near
Keep nearly dry
freelyduring
flowers
fade to facilitate ripening of bulbs.
after
Repot annually in
autumn.
bulbs
3 to 4 in. deep in light,rich,
CULTURE:
Plant
with
Protect
border
soil
in
south
between
Oct. and Jan.
a
well-drained
off
rains.
offsets
ward
to
litter
leaves
l)racken
or
heavy
Propagate by
at planting time.
removed
H. oollina (Syn. Mortea
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
ooUina), red and yellow, spring,
red
and
oollina aurantiaoa, orange,
yellow, spring, 1 ft.; elegaus,
1 ft., S. Afrioa;
1 ft., S.
and
Afrioa; lineata, red and yellow,
summer,
orange,
yellow, brown
spring, 1 ft., S. Afrioa; miniata, red, spring, 6 to 8 in., S. Africa.
Honesty
(Lunaria biennis). See Lunaria.
Locust
(Gleditschiatriacanthos), See Gloditschia.
Honey
Honey-plant
(Hoya camoaa). See Hoya.
See Louicera.
Honeysu'Ckle.
OUTDOOR
"
"
"
"
Honey-wort.
HOOdia.
Flowering
"
"
"
orn.
Ord.
See Oeriuthe.
Asclepiadeaa.Greenhouse
foliage.
First
introduced
leafless.
prickly,
^
^
202
1874.
succulent
plants.
Stems, cylindrical,
ENCYCLOPEDIA
CULTURE
bricks
to
sun
"
in
dry
cow
old
Repot every
three
broken
mortar,
Position, well-drained
manure.
greenhouse.
warm
March.
Mar.
GABDENING.
OF
in Feb.
four years
or
or
Water
yellow and
CULTIVATED:
H.
Bainii, yellow, Anff., 1 ft,, S. Africa;
purple, July, 18 in., S. Africa.
(Humulus lupulus). See Humulus.
Gordonii,
Hop
Hornbeam
Hop
(Ostrya carpinifolia).See Ostrya.
See P-telea.
Hop-tree
(Pteleatrifoliata)."
"
"
Hordeum
Gramineee.
Ord.
(Squirrel-tailGrass).
annual
First introduced
Nat.
N. America.
flowering grass.
to Sept.; very
borne in spikes; June
Inflorescence, barley-like,
for cutting.
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, open dryish borders.
or
April in borders where
\ in. deep in March
by seeds sown
"
are
required
SPECIES
Hardy
1782.
useful
gate
Propaplants
to flower.
CULTIVATED
2 ft.
Marrubium.
See
"
jubatum,
H.
Horehound.
Horminum
Labiatae.
Hardy
baceous
her-
well-drained
borders.
1-16 in.
seeds
sown
or
April. Propagate by
roots
to
division
of
Oct.
March.
or
April; by
1 ft.,Pyrenees.
H. pyrenaioum, blue, summer,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Hornbeam
(Carpinus betulus). See Carpinus.
Horned
Poppy
(Glaucium luteum). See Glaucium.
Horned
Rampion
(Phyteuma orbiculare).See Phyteuma.
Violet
Horned
(Viola cornuta). See Viola.
Of Plenty
Horn
(Fedia Comucopiaea). See Fedia.
Chestnut
Horse
(.ffisculus
hippocastanum). See .ffisculus.
Radish
Horse
(Cochleariaarmoracia). See Cochlearia.
Vetch
Horseshoe
(Hippocrepiscomosa). See Hippocrepis.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Horse-tail.
Hose-in-Hose
See
"
Equisetum.
t"Olyanthus
(Primula
elatior
var.).
"
See
Primula.
Fig
Hottentot
(Mesembryanthemum edule).
"
See
Mesembryan-
themum.
"
CULTURE
in
March
Ord.
aquatic
Hardy
soil in
shallow
water
in March
H.
palustris,lilac
April;
or
division
of
plants
April.
or
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
(Britain).
Houlletia.
"
Ord.
introduced
First
CULTURE
Primulaceae.
Testu-
bogs.
muddy
"
(Water Violet).
perennialherb
or
elephantipes).See
(Testudinaria
Bread
Hottentot's
dinaria.
Hottonia
Compost,
Position, baskets
Orchidaceae.
1841.
two
Stove
and
yellow, June,
ft., Europe
epiphytalorchids.
green.
Ever-
Flowers, fragrant.
suspendedfrom
roof
303
of
stove.
part sphagnum.
Re-basket, Feb. or
ENCYCLOPEDIA
March.
70" ; Nov.
when
Water
Temp., May
to
to
growth
SPECIES
GASDENING.
OF
commences.
CULTIVATED
Brazil;
chrysantha,
lowiana, yellow and
2 ft., Colombia.
House
Leek
(Senipervivum teutorum).
Houstonia
and
2 ft.,
ft., Colombia;
odoratissima, red, summer,
: H,
brookenhurstiana, brown
and
yellow, chocolate
crimson,
1 ft., Colombia;
white, summer,
(Bluets).
Ord.
See
"
Rubiaceae.
yollow,summer,
summer,
Sempervivum.
herbaceous
perenuials.
First introduced
1785.
CULTURE
" sand.
:
Soil, leaf-mould
Position, crevices, nooks, "
of moist
crannies
rockaries.
March
Plant,
or
April. Propagate by
seeds sown
1-16 in. deep in pans of leaf -mould
in cold frame
in
" sand
division
of
Oct.
in Sept. or
roots
spring or autumn;
H.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
to July, 2 to 4 in.,
oarulea
(Bluets), blue. May
alba, white;
Virginia; oierulea
longifoiia,hlao, Aug., 6 in., N. America;
serpyli3 in., N. America.
folia,white, summer,
Ord. LeguminosEe. Greenhouse
Hovea"
green.
Everfloweringshrubs.
First introduced
Nat. Australia.
1818.
three parts peat, one
CULTURE
: Compost,
part loam " little silver
in
sand.
Position, well-drained
lightairy greenhouse. Pot, Feb.
pots
off
in spring to induce
of
March.
shoots
or
Nip
points
bushy
young
to
Water
growth.
freely April
Sept., moderately Sept. to April.
45" to 50".
to Sept. 55" to 65", Sept. to March
Stand
Temp., March
from
to
to
mature
for
outdoors
shoots
folJuly
Sept.
flowering
seeds
1-16
in.
in
well-drained
sown
Propagate by
owing year.
deep
or
April; cuttings
pots of sandy peat in temp, of 55" to 65" in March
in temp. 55" April to July.
inserted in sandy soil under
bell-glass
H.
CULTIVATED:
Celsi, blue, spring, 3 ft., Australia; longifolis,
SPECIES
purple, spring, 5 ft., Australia.
Ureeuhouse
Ord.
Palmaceie.
HoVtfeEli
palms.
Elegant plant
decoration.
Nat.
Lord
Howe's
Island.
for hotise
Leaves, feather"
Hardy
"
filants
"
shaped, graceful.
CULTURE
:
parts loam " peat, little silver sand.
Compost, ec^ual
Position, well-drained
during
pots in greenhouse,or in dwelling rooms
summer.
Pot,
to
March
afterwards.
Sept.
Feb.
55"
or
to
March.
Temp., Sept. to March
65".
Water
moderately, Oct. to
liquidmanure
Apply weak
to
healthy plantsonce
to
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
forsteriana, 6 to
15
H.
belmorcana
(Syu.
45"
Feb.
leaves
seeds
Kcntia
to
;
a
55";
freely
week,
of those grown
in
1 in. deep in
sown
bclmoroana),
to
10
ft.,
ft.
Ord.
Asclepiadese. Stove
(Honey-plant,Wax-flower).
PMrst introduced
greenhouse climbing floweringplants. Evergreen.
Hoya
"
"
1802.
;
Compost, equal parts peat and loam, little charcoal "
Position, well-drained
pots, beds, or hanging baskets, with
round
trained
trellises,up rafters, or against walls, " fully
CULTURE
sand.
shoots
to the
Water
light. Pot or plant Feb. or March.
freely
to Sept.,moderately Sept. to March.
March
Temp., stove species,65"
to Oct., 55" to 65" Oct. to March;
55"
to 75" March
greenhouse species,
to Sept., 45" to 55" Sept. to March.
Prune
into shape,
to 65" March
not be removed
stalks of flowers should
after blooming,as
Foot
Feb.
of
flowers.
these will produce a second
Propagate
by cuttingsof
crop
exposed
204
April; division
of
roots
GARDENING.
OF
ENOrOLOPMDIA
in
March.
speciesinvariably sows
Annual
SPECIES
PERENNIAL
H.
SPECIES
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
sown
grow
or
by
in March
division of
ANNUAL
PERENNIAL
SPECIES."
H.
SPECIES:
Hyacinth
Hyacinth
Hyacinthus
"
"
(Hyacinth).
"
Ord.
Liliaceae.
Hardy
bulbous
ing
flower-
1596.
plants. First introduced
HYACINTHS
IN POTS
CULTURE
OF
COMMON
: Compost, equal
one-sixth
river sand.
fibrous
loam
and
well-decayed manure,
parts
in
to Feb-,
frame
outdoors
Nov.
cinder
ashes
cold
or
Position, under
Nov.
"
in
window
afterwards
Dec, placing one
or
greenhouse. Pot,
three
in
in.
8
in
6
bulb half its depth
in. pot or
an
a
only
pot. Water
afterwards.
and
when
moderately
Apply liquidmanure
growth begins,
After
flower spikes form.
flowering, plant bulbs
occasionallywhen
outdoors.
flowering.
CULTURE
IN
BEDS
with
manure
vious
prein. deep "
Protect
8 in. apart, Nov.
covering of cocoanut-iibre
twice
when
flower spikesappear.
once
refuse.
or
Apply liquidmanure
in cool place till planting time.
Lift " dry bulbs in June, storingthem
ROMAN
HYACINTH
OF
CULTURE
:
Compost, as advised above.
outdoors
till rooted, then
or
Position, pots under ashes in cold frame
in heated
Pot, Aug., Sept., " Oct., placing
greenhouse or window.
bulb in a 4 in. pot or three in a 5 in. pot. Depth for planting,1 in.
one
removed
from
the ashes, " moderately afterwards.
Water
only when
Temp, when in greenhouse or window, 55" to 65". Bulbs of no use
Plant
sunny.
surface of bed by
Position, open
autumn-
after
bulbs
to
flowering-
CULTURE
OP
SPANISH
HYACINTH
206
Position,
ENOYGLOPMDIA
well-drained
sunny
with
decayed cow
borders.
manure
GARDENING.
OF
Plant, Sept. or
in
Feb.
Lift
"
Top-dress annually
bulbs
replant only when
Oct.
show
i in. de"p in
Propagate by seeds sown
outdoors
in
cold frame
or
Sept.; by offsets
removed
from
old bulbs
when
lifted " planted 6 in. apart each way
in Oct.
outdoors
three years old, and
Seedling bulbs flower when
attain full size when
old.
seven
years
SPEOIES
CULTITATED
: H.
amethystintts (Spanish Hyaointli),blue, spring, 1 ft.,
Pyrenees;
amothystinus
orientalis
Hyacinth), Tarious
albus, white;
(Oommon
colours, spring, Mediterranean
Region; orientalis albulus (Roman Hyacinth), white.
ing
" hardy flowerOrd. Saxifragaceae.Greenhouse
Hydrangea.
signs of deterioration.
lightsandy soil in boxes in
"
or
OTJLTTJEE
Leaves, egg-shaped,green
1736.
VARIETIES
;
Compost, two
"
river
sand.
Position,
one
parts
part well-decayedmanure
cool greenhouse, frame, or room,
heated
Oct. to March;
greenhouse
dantly
abunWater
to Oct.
or
warm
window, March
Pot, Feb. to March.
March
to Oct., moderately Oct. to March.
or
Prune, Aug.
Sept.,
Flowers
borne
cutting out all weak shoots " such as have flowered.
obtained
Best
blooms
shoots
of
on
vigorous
previous year'sgrowth.
OP
H-
HOETENSIA
AND
rich loam,
artificial
base in
to Oct., keep nearly dry Oct. to
FebWater
Jan.
or
freely March
After
March.
frequentlywhen showing flower.
Apply liquid manure
until
Nov.
flowering, place in sunny positionoutdoors
Soil, two parts rich
OP
H. PANICULATA:
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
or
Prune
March.
previousyear's
turfy loam,
one
shoots
manure
border.
to
within
in. of
Position, partially
Plant, Oct., Nov., or March.
"
river sand.
in
Feb.
when
March.
flower buds
or
Water
appear.
advised for pot culture in March.
Plant
H. petiolaris
SPECIES:
against a
OTHER
OF
CULTURE
species
south wall in well-drained border ; it will grow like ivy. Other
Blue
soil and positionto H. Hortensia.
similar
in
a
be
grown
may
be obtained
by planting in yellow loam, bog peat,
flowers
may
" one
of
five ^arts loam
part iron
in
a
compost
or
or
clay,
solutions
a tablethe
: Dissolve
of
one
following
or
Prune
as
filings,
by applying
in a
of
tablespoonful
spoonfulof
alum
afterwards;
of iron
afterwards.
both
hours
24
and
use
Apply
of
water,
gallons
shoots
inserted
of
singly
cuttings
week.
by
young
Propagate
twice a
bell-glassin temp. 55" to 65"
in 2 in. pots of light sandy soil under
firm
shoots 2 to 3 in. long
of
of
points
cuttings
April;
or
in March
in
cold
frame
in Aug. ; by
soil
of
well-drained
sandy
in
inserted
pots
the
thick
of common
of
soft
roots
or
rooted
pieces
cuttings
eraftinff or
one
in three
207
oxide
speciesin
65"
of
temp,
OABDENING.
OF
ENCrCLOPJFjBIA
70"
to
in Feb., March,
April;
or
division
of
plants in March.
old
SPECIES
U. States;
H.
CULTIVATED:
white,
aspera,
summer,
summer,
sinensis, white,
ft., China;
to
2
summer,
ft.,
to_6 ft.,
its varieties,
3 to 4 ft., and
or
Hortensia, white
blue, spring and summer,
Lindleyi (japonioa), white or blue, otftlcsa,ilesh, stellata, pink, rose, or pale blue,
Thomas
Hogg, white, and tricolor, leaves variegated; involuorata, rosy lilao or
4 to 6 ft.,Japan;
6 to 10 ft., Japan;
paniculata, white, summer,
pink, summer,
and
grandiflora), larger-flowered;petiolaris,
(Syn. floribunda
paniculata hortensia
quercifolia,white, July, 4 to 6 ft., Florida; Thunwhite, June, climbing, Japan;
3 ft., Japan.
or
bergii, rose
blue, summer,
China;
Hydrocharis
tic
aqua-
"
floating.
perennial.
lets.
OULTUEB
Position, shallow
:
Soil, muddy.
ponds, lakes, or rivudetached
shoots
Plant, March
or
April- Propagate by creeping
Stems
from
plant "
inserted
in mud
CULTIVATED
SPEUIES
under
water
Morsus-Ranse,
H.
in March
April.
or
white,
and
green
Europe
summer,
(.Britain).
Hydrocleis.
introduced
Alismaceae.
Ord.
"
Hardy aquaticperennial.
First
1831.
Position,
CULTURE
: Soil, two
parts loam and one part leaf-mould.
below
Plant
in.
6
in
tubs
sunk
shallow
or
ground.
ponds
sunny,
in
In cold districts plants best wintered
in March.
of water
surface
rich
soil
sunk
seeds
in
of
pots
by
greenhouse. Propagate
frost-proof
in water
or
July
division
Sept., Buenos
to
of roots
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
in
spring.
Humboldtii), yellow,
(Syn. Limnooharis
Commersonii
Ayrcy.
Hymenocallis.
bulbous
H.
"
plants.
Amaryllidaceae. Stove
Ord.
Evergreen
"
"
First
deciduous.
greenhouse
1758.
introduced
Flowers, fragrant.
CULTURE:
and
Compost,
loam,
parts sandy
two
one
decayed
part
membraneous.
CULTURE
OF
STOVE
AND
SPECIES;
GREENHOUSE
Compost,
CULTURE
OF
HARDY
SPECIES:
Compost
or
as
tubs;
above.
away
Position,
from
direct
ENCYCLOPEDIA
light" sunshine.
other
times.
Plant, March.
No
CIJLTUEE
OP
Water
syringingrequired.
IN
CASES
GARDENING.
freelyin
Protect
in
moderately
summer,
severe
weather.
Position,
Compost as above.
Plant, March.
Top-dress with
fresh compost
rately
Water
annually in March.
freely April to Sept., modeafterwards.
"Ventilate case
few minutes
daily. Propagate by
sown
surface
on
of sandy peat in shallow
spores
with bellpan covered
glassin temp. 65" to 75" at any time ; by division of plant at potting
shady window,
not
IN
exposed
EOOMS:
to
sun.
time.
STOVE
SPECIES:
diohotomum,
etc.
unilaterale,Britain.
Hyophorbe.
"
First introduced
Ord.
Palmaceae.
Stove
palm-
Orn.
foliage.
CULTIVATED
Islands.
Versohaffeltii,5 to 10 ft., Masoarene
Rose
of Sharon;
St. John's-wort;
" herbaceous
" half-hardy shrubs
Tutsan). Ord.
"
deciduous.
perennials. Evergreen
CULTURE
OP
SHRUBBY
SPECIES
:
Soil, ordinary. Position (H.
banks
under
"
of
shade
borders.
trees; others in sunny
calyciniim)on
Prune
deciduous
Plant, Oct., Nov., Feb., March.
species into shape
Hypericum
H.
(Aaron's Beard;
Hypericineae. Hardy
"
Feb. ; evergreens
in April.
tion,
CULTURE
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
OP
: Soil,ordinary,sandy. Posidown
borders
rockeriesor
Plant, Oct. or April. Cut
sunny
in April.
in Oct.
stems
Propagate
Top-dress with decayed manure
in
soil
1-16 in. deep in sandy
positionoutdoors in
by seeds sown
sunny
March; shrubby speciesby cuttings of firm shoots 3 in. long inserted in
sandy soil outdoors, Aug. or Sept.; perennialsby division of roots in
April or
Oct.
6 to
18 in., Levant;
H.
(egyptiacum, yellow, summer,
2 ft., Europe;
Asoyron,
or
(Sweet Amber
Tutsan), yellow, summer,
Rose
of Sharon),
3 ft., Siberia; calyoinum
or
Wort,
(St. John's
yellow, summer,
6 to 18 in.,
1 ft.. Orient
and
Britain; Coris, yellow, summer,
yellow, summer,
empetrifolium, yellow, summer,
S. Europe;
elatum, yellow, July, 5 ft., N. America;
i ft.,
hircinum
6 to 12 in., Greece;
(Goat-scented St. John's Wort), yellow, summer,
2 ft.,Nepaul;
moserianum,
yellow, summer,
yellow, summer,
Europe; hookerianum,
18 to 30 in., hybrid; moserianum
tricolor,loaves white and rosy carmine; patulum,
2 ft.,Nepaul.
6 ft., Japan;
uralum, yellow, summer,
yellow, summer,
H.
nummularium,
SPECIES:
elodes, yellow, creeping, Britain;
PERENNIAL
12
6 to
6 in., Pyrenees;
in.,
3 to
orientale, yellow, summer,
yellow, summer,
SHRUBBY
Androssemum
SPECIES:
Levant.
green.
Ever"
greenhouse ferns.
feather-shaped.
leaf-'
SPECIES
STOVE
: Compost, equalparts loam,
CULTURE
OF
in
Position, well-drained
pots or hanging baskets
mould, " sand.
Water
March
rately
modeMarch.
to
stoveof
Pot,
Sept.,
freely
shady part
to Sept. 65"
afterwards.
Syringing undesirable.
Temp., March
Ord.
introduced
HypoIepiS."
First
to
Filices.
1824.
Stove
Fronds,
Compost
Pot, March.
as
above.
tion,
Posi-
Water
freely
GARDMNINO.
OW
ENOYOLOPMBIA
to Sept. 55"
March
to Sept.,moderately afterwards.
Temp., March
45"
55".
on
face
surto 65" ; Sept.to March
to
Propagate by spores sown
under
of well-drained
bell-glass
pans of sandy peat " leaf-mould
in March.
in temp. 65" to 75" at any time ; division of creepingrhizomes
H.
STOra
Amerioa.
SPEOIES:
rbizomes,
creeping
Trop.
repens,
GBEEMHOnSE
SPECIES:
H. Iiergiana, oreeping rhizomes, B. Africa.
house
Hypoxis
(American Star Grass) Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Greenbulbous-rooted
First introduced
1752.
plants. Nat. S. Africa.
"
CULTURE:
sand.
of leaf-mould
Compost, two parts peat, one
Position, well-drained
Pot, Aug. to Nov.,
pots, or beds in cold^frame.
coveringpots with cinder ashes iu cold frame or greenhouse till growth
begins. Water
moderately from time bulbs begin to grow until flowers
fade, then gradually withhold
commences.
it, keeping bulbs dry until growth reTemp., Sept. to Feb. 40" to 50"; 50" to 60" afterwards.
old bulbs.
at pottingtime, " treated
as
Propagate by offsets,removed
SPECIES
H.
6 in.;
CITLTIVATED:
elegane, elegans, yellow and black, Bummer,
and
liemerooallidea, yellow, spring,8 in.; stellata, white
black, spring,6 in.;
villosa,yellow, spring, 6 m.
See Hyssopus.
Hyssop
(Hyssopus officinalis).
Labiatao.
shrub.
OrdHyssopus
(Hyssop).
Hardy evergreen
First introduced
"
aromatic.
Shoote
1548.
flowers,
Leaves, narrow,
infused iu water, are largelyused as an expectorant ; also for distilling
for yieldingoils for perfumery and flavouringliquors.
borders.
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary, light. Position, dry, warm
Prune
into shape April.
to May, 12 in. apart each way.
Plant, March
Gather
shoots for medicinal
flowers open
at any season
; when
purposes
for distilling. Marketed
Average price per
by the dozen bunches.
30s. per cwt.
dozen. Is. 6a. to 2s-; for distilling,
Propagate by seeds
1-16 iu deep outdoors
in April,transplantingseedlingsin June
sown
or
July ; cuttings of shoots inserted in ordinary soil " shady positionin
April or May; division of roots in Feb., March, Sept. or Oct.
OCLTrVATED:
to Sept., 1 to 2 ft., S.
H.
SPECIES
otaoinalis, blue, June
Europe.
Crane's-bill
Iberian
(Geranium ibericum). See Geranium.
"
"
"
"
Iberian
Iberian
iberis
See Cyclamen.
(Cyclamen ibericum).-"
Cyclamen
" evergreen
annuals
shrubs.
Flowers, fragrant.
CULTURE
OF ANNUAL
SPEOIES
: Soil,ordinary. Position,
sunny
seeds J in deep in patches or lines in March,
Sow
beds or borders.
ing.
Aug. or Sept.for spring flowerApril,or May for flowering in summer,
Thin
out seedlings to 2 in. apart in June.
CULTURE:
POT
Compost, two parts good soil,one
part decayed
"
sandSize of pots, 5 in. in diameter.
leaf
-mould,
Sow seeds
manure,
Place pots in cold frame
till June, then
J in. deep in April or May.
Thin seedlings
to an inch apart in June.
stand outdoors.
Water
rately.
modeweak
when
flowers show.
liquidmanure
Apply
occasionally
OP
SHRUBBY
SPECIES
CULTURE
: Soil,lightsandy loam.
tion,
Posiof
rockeries
fissures or ledges
or
sunny
margihs of well-drained
borders.
Plant, Oct., March, or April. Propagate annual
sunny
as
above; perennialspeciesby seeds sown
1-16 in.
speciesby seeds sown
deep in shallow boxes of sandy soil iu cold frame in April; cuttings
formed
shoots, from 1 to 2 in. long,inserted in well-drained
of partially
pots in cold frame or in beds under hand-lightoutdoors July to Oct. ;
divisionof roots Oct. or March.
"
310
ENOYCLOPMDIA
ANNIJAL
SPECIES:
I.
OF
amara
GARDENING.
6 in.,Britain;
(Bitter Candytuft), white, summer,
ooronaria
mer,
sum(Eooket Candytuft), wMte,
1 ft., 8. Europe;
Candytuft),
purple, summer,
/"
ir
hosperiditolia,
larger flowered;
amara
ft.; umbellata
(Common
several varieties.
SHKUBBT
SPECIES:
I. oorrffifolia,
and
white. May
June, 1 ft., hybrid; gibraltarioa, white or pink. May, 1 to 2 ft., Spain; Pruitii, white. May, 6 in., Sicily;
saxatilis
(Book Candytuft), white, spring, 3 to 6 in., S. Europe; semperflorens,
white, spring, 1 to a ft., S. Europe; sempervirens (Evergreen Candytuft), white,
spring, 9 to 12 in., S. Europe; sempcrvirens flore-pleno,double
flowered.
Iceland
Poppy
(Papaver nudicaule)."See Papaver.
Ice
Plant
(Mesembryanthemum
crystallinum). See
"
Mesem-
bryanthemum.
Idesia^
"
Deciduous.
trees; male
Ord.
Bixiueae.
Hardy flowering " orn.
foliage tree.
in panicles; male
Flowers
" female
borne
on
separate
flowers
female
Berries, small, purplish
orange,
green.
black.
Leaves, heart-shaped.
CTJLTUEE:
Soil, ordinary, sandy.
Plant,
Oct.
Feb.
to
Prune
into
Position, well-drained
shape
after
beries.
shrub-
flowering.
pagate
Pro-
J in.
sown
in
"
shrubs.
Orn.
foliage. Flowers, greenish; May "
evergreen
June; male " female flowers usually borne on separate trees.
Berries,
with
white
autumn
"
winter.
dark
or
Leaves,
red;
variegated
green
and
used
for
cabinet
or
turnery puryellow. Timber, white,
making
poses.
Bark
used for making bird
Value, Is. to Is. 6d. per cubic foot.
lime.
sometimes
Wood
dyed blaek, and used as a substitute for ebony.
weight of wood
yield 17,000 plants.
Average
will
per
cubic
OULTUBE
HARDY
SPECIES;
OF
drained
shrubberies, banks, exposed
May
or
One
bushel
of
seeds
two
HEDGE
CDLTUBE
: Soil, ordinary, trenched
spitsdeep " 3 ft.
into
wide.
Plant hollies (18in. high), 18 in- apart. May or Sept. Trim
shape April and Sept. One holly " six thorns; or one Berberis Darhollies per lineal yard make
winii " two
splendid evergreen hedges.
Cost
POT
per lineal
CULTCHE:
yard
balconies,
Oct.,
"
for
6d.
to 2s.
moderately afterwards.
dors,
boxes, cold corri-
freelyMarch
to
Heat
unnecessary.
SPECIES
GREENHOUSE
CULTURE
: Soil,two
OP
parts loam, one
well-drained
sand.
Position,
"
pots exposed to full light.
part peat
in
other
Water
FebMarch.
Prune,
occasionally
freely summer,
Pot,
45"
50".
55"
to
Oct.
March
to
to
Oct.
to
March
times.
65";
Temp.,
common
gathered in Nov., buried
speciesby seed (berries)
1
then
in.
until
sown
in sand
deep " 1 in. apart in
following Oct.,
two
years old;
ordinary soil outdoors, transplantingseedlings when
in
species Aug.; grafting in
variegated kinds by budding on common
I'ropagate
March.
SPECIES
I. oaasine, red berries, S. U. States ; insignis, 15 to
:
paraguayeusis (Paraguay Tea), 10 to 15 ft., Paraguay.
10 to 30 ft.,berries red, Europe
SPECIES
Aquifolium (Common
HAEDT
:
H0II3;),
(Britain); oornuta, berries red, 20 to 30 ft., China ; orcnata, 10 to 15 ft., Japan ;
glabra (Ink-berry), 2 to 3 ft.,
berries, 15 ft., Himalayas;
dipyrena, brown
20 to 40 ft., U. States.
U. States:
latifolia, large-leaved, 20 ft., Japan; opaoa,
20
GREENHOUSE
ft., Malaya;
211
KNGYGLOPJSDiA
OAllDPNlNa.
OP
"
April,Sept.,or
moderately
SPECIES
Oct.
Pot, Oct.
in winter.
OOLTIVATED:
I.
Imantophyllum."
"
See
Helipterum.
(Balsam) Ord.
" perennials.
Impatiens
hardy annuals
CULTURE
leaf-mould,
Sept
floridanum,
purple-red, summer.
and
4 ft., China
Japan.
See Olivia.
"
May,
to
moderately
ft,, Florida;
summer,
Immortelle-flower.
zia, and
Water
into
Prune
Geraniacea^.
"
Wait-
Helichrysum, Xeranthemum,
SPECIES
OF
STOA^E
: Compost,
equal parts peat, loam,
sand.
well-drained
Position,
jjotsin light part of stove
Water
greenhouse June to Sept. Pot, Feb. or March.
March
to
Sept., occasionallyafterwards.
Temp.,
Oct.
to
"
Transfer
Position, near
glass in greenhouse, not shaded.
5 in., " then
into 6 " 8 in. pots. Apply liquidmanure
Water
to June,
plants showing flower.
freely. Temp., March
sand.
from
2 in. into
daily to
55" to 65".
June.
May
CULTURE
where
be grown
Soil, ordinary.
OF
plants are
seedlings to
in flower
garden during
Position, sunny
HARDT
to
SPECIES
borders.
Sow
seeds
the
Plant
summer.
i in. deep
in
April
borders.
grow.
Thin
6 in. apart when
1 in. high. Propagate stove species
1-16 in. deep in lightrich soil in temp. 65" in March;
by seeds sown
by
side
shoots inserted in small pots of light sandy soil in temp.
of
cuttings
to Aug.
75" March
SPECIES
I. auriooma, yellow, summer,
STOVE
2 ft., Comoro
:
Isles ; Hawkeri,
2 ft. ; Sultani, eoarlet, summer,
carmine, summer,
1 ft.,Zanzibar.
All perennials.
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
I. Balsamina
:
(Balsam), rose, soarlet, and white,
2 ft., Trop. Asia.
Annual.
summer,
HARDT
SPECIES;
I. amphorata,
purple, Aug., 5 ft.,Himalayas;
biflora (Syn.
3 ft., N. America;
fulva), yellow and brown, summer,
Hoylei (Syn. glandulifera),
6 ft.,Himalayas.
purple, summer,
Crocus
Imperatl's
(Crocus Imperati)."See Crocus.
Imperati's
thus.
Incarvillea.
May be grown
OUTDOOR
Snowdrop
(Galanthus
Imperati)."See
212
Galau-
perennials.
Position,
April.
March
freelyMarch
Water
to
OABDENING.
OF
ENGYCLOr^DIA
to
Temp.,
45"
March
to
55"-
Stand
plants in
sunny
May
to
Sept.
STOVE
I. tinotoria
SPECIES:
red,
(Indigo),
4 to 6 ft.. Tropics.
spring, 4 ft.,Australia; australis
summer,
SPECIES:
I. aastralis, rose,
GBEENHOUSE
alba, white.
SPECIES
HARDY
: I. gerardiana, red, summer,
6 ft.,Himalayas.
See
Baptisia.
(Baptisiatinctoria).
Stock
(Matthiolaannua). See Matthiola.
Indigo-plant
"
In'termedlElte
"
ceous
Compositae. Hardy herba(Flea-bane; Elecampane).
perennials.
ders.
OULTTTRE
Position,moist sunny beds or bor: Soil,ordinary rich.
flower
in
down
stems
Cut
or
April.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March,
in
with
manure
by
Oct.
April. Propagate
well-deoajred
Top-dress
1-16 in. deep in partially
seeds sown
shady border outdoors in April;
Inula
Ord-
"
March.
ensifolia,yellow, Aug., 10 in., S. Europe; glandolosa,
grandifloia, yellow, July to Sept., 2 ft.,Himalayas;
yellow, Aug., 2 ft.,Canoasus;
yellow,
Hookeri,
Helenium
(Elecampane), yellow, July to Sept., 3 ft., Europe;
Ooulus-Onristi
(Christ'sEye), yellow, summer,
Aug. and Sept., 2 ft.,Himalayas;
18 in., Europe.
Cress). Ord. Crulonopsldium
(Carpet-plant;Violet-flowered
1845First introduced
ciferes. Hardy annual.
CtrLTTJBE
OtfTDOOR
: Soil,ordinary. Position,ledgesof rockeries
beds.
Sow
seeds where
flower
to
or
as
plants are to grow in
edgings
mould.
with
fine
April,justcovering
POT
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " sand.
Position,shady window, cold frame, or greenhouse. Sov/ seeds 1-16 in.
division
SPECIES
of roots, Oct.
CULTIVATED:
or
I.
"
occasionallywhen
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
in
April or
moderately. Apply liquid
above
I.
compost,
yiolet,
summer,
in.,
Portugal.
lonopsiSi
"
Ord.
OrcMdacesB.
Stove
epiphytalorchid-
First
Position, attached
to blocks
troduced
in-
1865.
CTJLTTTRB
of wood
Compost, sphagnum
moss.
in shallow
Ee-block, Feb.
or
pans.
other
times.
Sept.,moderately
Syringe
twice dailyFeb. to Oct.
Temp., Oct. to Feb. 50" to 55"; Feb. to Oct.
60" to 70".
Propagateby division of plantsat re-blockingtime.
CULTIV
ATBD
SPECIES
: I. panionlata, white, purple, and
yellow, winter, 6 in.,
March.
or
Brazil.
ipomsea
ConvolvulacesB.
Stove, greenhouse " hardy perennial " annual
First introduced
1597.
climbers.
SPECIES
OF STOVE
CtTLTURE
: Compost, equal parts fibrous loam,
" silver sand.
leaf-mould, decayed manure,
Position, pots, beds, or
in stove ; shoots trained up roof, or on trellises. Pot or plant,
borders
to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept.to
Feb., March, or April. Temp., March
Ord.
214
ENGTCLOPMDIA
March
GAUDENINO.
OP
55" to 65".
Water
freelyApril to Sept.,moderately afterwards.
stragglygrowths into shape, FebSow three seeds of the annual
Transfer
speciesJ in. deep in a 2i in. pot in temp. 65" in March.
seedlingswhen 2 in. high into 5 in. pots. Train shoots to trellis or
Prune
sticks.
CULTUEE
^ in.
OF
HALF-HARDY
ANNUALS:
Soil, light rich. Sow
Transfer
seedlings to
deep in pots in temp. G5" in March.
in May.
Plant, June.
Position, sunny walls or borders,
seeds
cold frame
shoots trained to trellis or to stocksCULTUEE
OF
tion,
PosiHARDY
ANNUAL
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary.
borders; shoots trained to trellis or sticks. Sow seed \ in.
sunny
deep where plants are to grow, in April.
OP
CaLTURE
SPECIES:
HARDY
PERENNIAL
Soil, ordinary.
pagate
ProPosition, sunny
walls, fences, or arbours.
Plant, Oct. or Nov.
of
annual
speciesby seeds as above ; perennialsby cuttings side
in sandy peat under
shoots inserted
bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85",
to Aug., or grafting in March.
March
POTATO
SWEET
CULTURE
OF
:
Compost, two parts loam " one
Plant
tubers
singly in 6 in. pots in Feb-, in
part decayed manure.
temp. 65", or 6 in. deep " 8 in. apart in prepared border in greenhouse.
then give none,
Water
moderately Feb. to May ; freely May to Sept.,,
edible."
are
Propagate by division of
keeping tubers dry. Tubers
shoots in April.
10 ft., Trop. America
; Horsf allies,
SPECIES
white, Bummer,
STOVE
: I. Bona-Noi,
10 ft., Trop. America;
W.
Indies; Learii, blue, summer,
rose, winter, 10 to 15 ft.,
ternata
6 ft., Tropics, annual;
(Syn. Thomsonii), white,
Quamoclit, red, summer,
Indies ; rubra
coerulea,red, Uexico.
10 ft., W.
snmmer,
tubers
I. batatus
SPECIES:
(Sweet Potato), white, summer,
GREENHOUSE
2
4
to
ft..
Tropics.
edible,
in Feb. ;
tubers
cuttingsof young
purple,
climber,
summer,
America.
N.
Stove
Orchidaceae.
introduced 1840.
Ord.
Ipsea..
First
terrestrial orchid-
Flowers
grant.
fra-
50" to
March
to
Propagate by division
55".
flowering.
.
SPECIES
Iresine
orn
CULTIVATED
I. speciosa,
Ord.
(Blood-leaf).
"
foliagedplants.
First
"
yellow, spring,
Amarantacese.
introduced
1864.
of
pseudo-bulbsafter
,-,.
i
1
ft., nCeylon.
Stove
"
Leaves, heart
half-hardy
"
lance-.
golden,crimson.
off
pointsof
shoots
frequentlyto
215
induce
KNCYOLOPJSDIA
gate ty cuttingsof
young
soil in temp, of 65" to 75
OF
shoots
inserted
GARDENING.
in
potsor
pans
of
lightsandy
Oct.
April,Sept,
and
OIJLTIVATED:
I. Herbstii, leaves maroon
crimson, 1 ft., Braiil ;
aureo-reticulata,leaves, green,
gold, and red; Lindonii, leaves blood red,
SPECIES
Herbstij
1 ft.
(Flag;Orrice
Iris
Root;
rhizomatous
and
Dwarf
Bearded,
evergreen
Bearded,
Feb., March,
or
Pleur
de Luce). Ord. Iridaceae.
Hardy
Sections : Tall
bulbous-rooted
perennials.
Beardless, Cushion, Japanese " Bulbous"
rooted.
CULTURE
TALL
BEARDED
SECTION:
OF
Ordinary, not overmoist
soil. Position, sunny
shaded
or
borders, or massed
partially
wild or woodland
of
Plant
in Oct.
water.
the
margins
garden, or on
with
rhizomes
surface.
or
near
March, keeping
Top-dress
decayed
in autumn.
Lift " replantevery
fourth year.
manure
BEARDED
soilCULTURE
OF
DWARF
SECTION
: Ordinary rich
Plant
borders.
and treat as advised
for
Position, sunny, well-drained
foregoingsection.
OP
CULTURE
ponds
Got.
March.
or
streams
or
aurea,
SECTION
JAPANESE
gins
CULTURE
OF
: Rich
loamy soil on the marand
sunk in garden in
of ponds, or in a half-cask filled with loam
in growing
Apply liquidmanure
spot. Plant in Oct. or March.
sunny
season.
OF
or
third year.
SPECIES:
BULBOUS
OF
CULTURE
Compost, equal j arts
POT
frame
in
till growth
Place
cold
sand"
silver
leaf-mould,
loam,
frame
to flower.
leave
in
cold
to
greenhouseor
begins, when remove
Give
water
in.
5
bulbs
in
a
pot.
only when
in Oct., placing five
Pot
after
leaves
water
Withhold
begin to decay.
growth has begun.
all
the speciesby
be placed in artificial heat.
Propagate
not
Must
rhizomes
in autumn
of
or
seeds in sandy soil in cold frame; division
Lift and
apart.
spring;
replant every
offsets in
autumn.
June,
I. Bartoni, creamy
wliite, purple and orange,
yellow, June, 3 ft., Asia Minor i
Biloti, purple, wliite and
in., Afghanistan;
and
orange.
white, June, 2 ft., Oregon; Ccngialti, violet
braoteata, purple and
1 ft., Oengialto; florentina
(Florentine Iris), white, lavender, and yellow,
May,
3 ft., S. Europe;
gormanioa
(Flag Iris), purple and lilac,
violet scented, May,
Grant
Duffli,sulphur yellow. May, 2 ft.. Holy
fragrant. May, 3 ft., S. Europe;
white
and
yellow. May, 2 ft. ; pallida, lilac,purple
Land
; neglecta, lilac,purple,
Region; squalens, lilac,purple, and
and white. May, fragrant, 3 ft., Mediterranean
variegata, claret and yellow. May, 18 in., E. Europe.
yellow. May, 3 ft., Europe;
described.
will be found
In trade lists a large numljer of lovely forms
IRISES
I. biflora, violet purple,April, 1 ft., S. Europe ;
BEARDED
:
DWARF
Chameeiris, violet, April, 4 to 6 in., S. Europe; pumila, lilac purple, April, 4 in.,
and
yellow ; and
S. Europe ; pumila cserulea, sky blue ; pumila, primrose, brown
varieties of this section will also be
Iris), greyish white.
albida
Many
(Crimean
TALL
BEARDED
IRISES:
18
fuuud
in
trade
lists.
210
ENCYCLOPJEDIA
OF
OABDENINO.
BEAHDLESS
IRISES:
fcetidisI. aurea,
golden yellow, June, 4 ft.,Himalayas;
sima
(Gladwin Iris), purple, June, 3 ft., Britain; fulva, coppery
June,
maroon,
3 ft., X7. States; graminea,
and
blue
purplo, June, 1 ft., S. Europe; japonioa,
lavender, June, 18 in., Japan;
longipetala, blue, lilao, and
gold, June, 2 ft.,
California ; Mileeii, purple blue, June, 2 ft., Himalayas
missouriensis, lilao and
;
yellow,
May,
ft., N.
which
be found
in trade lists.
may
CUSHION
IRISES:
I. bismarckiana,
purple, yellow, blue, and white, June,' 9 in.,
Mt. Lebanon;
G-atesii,grey, purple, and white, June, 2 ft.,Armenia;
iberica, lilao,
and
white
purple. May, 6 in., Caucasus;
and
Sorolkowii, white
red. May, 1 ft.,
and
1 ft.; paradoxa, white,
Turkestan; Lortetii, creamy
white
S. Lebanon,
rose,
blue, and crimson. May, Persia; susiana (Mourning Iris),brown, black, and lilac.
May, 1 ft., Levant.
JAPANESE
IRISES
I. Itevigata (Syn. Ksempferi), white, lilao, magenta, purple,
:
and yellow, June, 2 ft.,Japan.
Numerous
varieties will be found
in trade lists.
BULBOUS-ROOTED
IRISES:
I. alata, lilao, purple and
yellow, Oct., 1 ft.,
S. Europe;
bakeriana, white, violet, and blue, fragrant, Jan., 1 ft., Armenia;
"
"
"
"
Angrsecum.
Ismene.
"
Isoiepis'."
Isoloma.
See Hymenocallis.
See Scirpus.
Ord. Gesneraceae.
Stove floweringherbs.
The plants
in this genus.
two parts fibrous peat, one
part loam, one part
" silver sand.
leaf-mould, with a little decayed manure
Position, welldrained
to flower
Pot, March
pots or pans in shady part of plant stove.
June
to flower in winter.
in summer;
Place
May to flower in autumn;
tubers 1 in. deep singlyin 5 in. pots, or 1 to 2 in. apart in larger sizes.
Water
mo.deratelyfrom time growth begins until plants are 3 or 4 in
then
freely. After flowerings
gradually withhold water till foliage
high,
dies down, then keep dry till potting time.
Apply weak liquidmanure
buds
show.
twice
when
flower
week
a
once
or
Syringing not required.
to
March
65"
55" to 75".
to
March
to
Store
85"; Sept.
Sept.
Temp.,
their
sides
under
till
has
died
down
when
on
pottingtime
stage
foliage
50"
55".
seeds
surface
to
sown
of wellon
in temp, of
Propagate by
drained
or
April; cuttingsof
pots of sandy peat, in temp. 75", March
inserted
in pots of sandy peat in temp. 75" to 85" in
snoots
young
of pots of sandy peat
leaves pegged on surface
spring; fully matured
in temp. 75" to 85".
CULTIVATED
rose, purple, and white, winter, 1 ft. ;
: I. digitaliflorum,
SPECIES
den!
Linhondense
hondeu"e), yellow, red, winter, I ft.. New
Grenada;
(Syn. Gesnera
(Syn. Tydffia Lindeni), white and violet,winter, 1 ft.,Ecuador.
Bauunculacese.
Ord.
Hardy herbaceous
perennial.
Isopyrum.
known
as
CTJLTUEE
"
merged
"
217
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYGLOPJPDIA
1759.
First introduced
Orn. foliage.
Foliage finelydivided like that
of maidenuair
fern.
CULTURE:
Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny or shady rockery, bed
1-16 in.
border.
Plant, Oct. or March.
or
Propagate by seeds sown
Nov.
in
Oct.
or
roots
division
of
in
April or May;
deep outdoors
I. thaliotroides,wMte,
spring, 8 in., Europe.
SPBOIBS
CULTIVATED:
Alkanet
Italian
(Anchusa italica).See Anchusa.
Italian
Cypress
(Onpressussempervirens). See Cupressus.
Italian
Pimpernel
(AnagallisMonelli)." See Anagallis.
"
"
Starwort
Stone
Italian
Italian
Pinus.
Italian
Pine-tree
"
(Jasminum humile)."See
Jasmine
Yellow
Jaami-
num.
"
"
"
Ivy-leaved
Ipomsea.
Ivy-leaved
Ivy-leaved
Ivy-leaved
(Ipomisahederacea
Cypress-vine
coccinea). See
"
Fern
(Hemionites cordata). See Hemiouites.
Groundsel
(Seneciomacroglossus). See Senecio.
Harebell
nula.
(Campanula hederacea). See Campa"
"
"
Pelargonium
"
"
"
"
with cow
manure.
CULTURE:
POT
Compost, two parts sandy loam, one
part leafmould
Pots, 4J in. in diameter, well drained.
or
decayed cow manure.
with cocoanutPlace five bulbs, 3 in. deep, in each pot in Nov., " cover
under
cool greenhouse stage until flowers
or
fibre refuse in cold frame
Temp., Sept.
fade, then gradually cease, keeping bulbs dry till Jan.
50" to 60".
40" to 50"; other times
to March
Propagate by oflsets
for bulbs.
advised
treated
as
CULTIVATED:
I. flexuosa, pink, spring, 1 ft.; maoulata, brown
SPECIES
and
1 ft. ; patens, purple,
white, spring, 1 ft. ; pauiculata, yellow and white, summer,
1 ft.;
purple and
crimson, summer,
spring, 1 ft.; speciosa (Syn. Craeteriodes),
varieties.
Tiridiflora, green, spring, 1 ft. See trade lists for numerous
ixia
Lily (Ixiolirion
tartaricum). See Ixiolirion.
"
IxiOlirion
plants.
First
CULTUEE:
introduced
1844.
Position, well-drained
aunny
EN0Y0L0PJ3DIA
border
OF
OARDBNINO.
foot of S. wall.
Plant
bulbs 3 in. deep and 4 in. apart in
Mulch
surface of bed with cow
ing,
in April. After flowermanure
with bell-glass
cover
or
thorough ripeningof
hand-lightto ensure
bulbs.
Lift bulbs in Sept. " store in dry sand in cool, frost-proof
place
tiU plauting time.
at any time, planted
Propagate by offsets removed
" treated
advised
as
for normal
bulbs.
May also be grown in pots as
advised
for Ixias.
at
March.
SPECIES
OULTITATED
I.
montanum,
blue, June,
ft.,Europe.
Ixora,
(West Indian
iStove flowering
Jasmine). Ord. Rubiaceae.
shrubs. Evergreen. First introduced
Flowers
1690.
fragrant.
CliLTUEE
:
Compost, two parts good fibrous peat, one part fibrous
"
manure
to
once
or
twice
to 85" ;
Sept. 75"
week
to
healthy plantsin
Sept. to March
"
introduced
1831.
OULTUEE
at base
border
: Soil, rich
loamy. Position, well-drained
S. wall.
in winter
with
Protect
Plant, Oct. to March.
covering
of ashes
1-16 in. deep in light
litter. Propagate by seeds sown
or
soil
65"
in
in
55"
in March
to
well-drained
or
April;
sandy
pots
temp.
handsoil
in
of
shoots
inserted
under
bell-glass,
cuttings young
sandy
in
division
stems
in
cold
of
to
light,or
creeping
frame, July
Sept.;
March
or
April.
9 in., Buenos
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
J. integrifolia,white, summer,
:
Ayres.
of
Jacaranda
Green
(Mimosa-leaved Ebony-tree;
Ebony-tree;.
"
Ornithogalum
vlaCK-in-priSOn
damascena).
(Nigella
Nigella.
primula vulgarisvar.).
"
"
"
"
"
JaCObinia"
introduced
See
See Primula.
(Clematis Jackmanii)." See Clematis
(Artocarpus integrifolia).See Artocarpus.
(Senecioelegans). See Senecio.
Lily (Sprekelia
formosissima). See Sprekelia.
Stove
Ord. Acanthaceae.
floweringplants. First
Jack-in-the-Sreen
Clematis
JacklYian'S
Jack-tree
iJacobsea.
Jacobean
"
1770.
"
219
ENOYOLOPMDIA
CULTURE
OARDENINO.
OF
June,
Sept. to
sand.
"
leaf-mould
Position, well-drained
pots in li^htstove
June
to Sept. Pot, March
to April. Water
frame
sunny
freelyother
to June
times.
55" to 65"; March
Temp., Sept. to March
65" to 75".
Prune
shoots to 1 in. of hase after flowering. Nip off points
of young
shoots occasionally
May to Aug., to induce bushy growth.
pagate
Proartificial
twice a week to plantsin flower.
or
manure
liquid
Apply
in
of
shoots
inserted
small
by cuttings
pots of
singly
young
soil
under
to
in
March
sandy
bell-glass temp. 75",
July.
RPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
.f. ohrysostephana, yellow, winter, 3 ft., Mexico;
ghiesbreghtiana (Syn. Sericographia ghiesbreghtiana), scarlet, Dec, 2 ft., Mexico;
magiiifica carnea
3 to 4 ft., Brazil.
(Syn. Justicia camea), rose, summer,
Jacob's-ladder
(Polemonium caeruleum). See Polemouiinii.
Jacob's-rod
(Asphodelusluteus). See Asphodelus.
Jalap-plant
(Mirabilisjalapa). See Mirabilis.
Jamaica
Pimenta.
Allspice
(Pimenta officinalis)."
Jamaica
Sag'O-tree
(Zamia purpuracea) See Zamia.
Jamesia.
Ord
deciduous
flowering
Raxifragaceae. Hardy
shrub.
First introduced
1820.
borders.
CULTURE:
rockeries
or
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
Plant Oct. to Feb.
tings
Prune
directlyafter flowering. Propagate by cutinserted under
hand-lightor in cold frame in autumn.
SPECIES
tains,
CULTIVATED
-TChite,spring, C to 8 ft.,Rocky Moun; J. amcrioana,
"
"
"
"
"
Japan
Allspice
(Chimonanthus fragrans). See Chimonanthus.
Clover
Japan
(Lespedeza bicolor). See Lespedeza.
Aralia
Japanese
(Fatsiajaponica). See Fatsia.
Japanese
Barberry
(Berberis japonica'. See Berberis.
Cedar
Japanese
(Oryptomeria japonica). See Cryptomeria.
Fern
Japanese
Climbing'
(Lygodium scandens). See Lygodiura.
Clover
Japanese
(Lespedezabicolor).See Lespedeza.
Cucumber
Japanese
(Cucumis sativus). See Cucumis.
Bell
Tree
Golden
Japanese
(Forsythia suspensa)."See
Forsythia.
Groundsel
Japanese
(Senecio japonicus). See Senecio.
See
Fern
Hare's-foot
Japanese
(Davallia Mariesi).
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Davallia.
Hop
(Humulus
Lady'S-Slipper
Japanese
Japanese
Cypripedium
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
"
See
Larch
Lilac
(Lari.xleptolepis).See Lari.x.
(Syringa japonica). See Syringa.
Maple
(Acer palmatum). See Acer.
Monlc's-hood
(Aconitum japonicum).
"
"
"
"
See Aeoui-
tura.
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
Primrose
Privet
Primula.
See
(Ldgustrum japonicum).
Lignstruni.
Quince
(Pyrus japonica)."See Pyrus.
ITose
(Rosa rugosa). See Rosa.
Snow-flovver
(Deutziagracilis).See Deutzia.
See Veronica.
Speedwell
(Veronicasubsessihs)."
Spindle-tree
(Euonymus japouicns). See Euony
"
"
"
"
"
mus.
Japanese
Toad
Lily (Tricyrtis
hirta)."See Tricyrtia.
220
ENCYOLOPJUDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Ja,unclice-berry
"
Javanese
Rhododendron
See Rhododendron.
Java
Primrose
(Primula
imperialis).See
(Twin-leaf).Ord. Berberidaceao.
Jeffersonia
herb.
First
CTJLTTJKE
"
"
introduced
"
Primula.
Hardy perennial
1792.
CULTIVATED:
SPE0IB8
America.
Jerusalem
thus.
J.
Artichoke
Jerusalem
biunata
(Heliauthnstuberosus). See
"
in.,
Helian-
See
(Solanum Pseudo-caiDsicum)."
Cherry
N.
Sola-
num.
Jerusalem
naria.
Jerusalem
See
(Fulmonaria officinalis).
Cowslip
"
Fulmo-
"
"
"
"
"
"
laohryma).See Coix.
See Narcissus.
(Narcissus
jonguilla).
Tears
Job's
Jonquil
(Coix
"
"
See Cercis.
(Ceroissiliquastrum)."
Butter-nut)?^Ord.
Juglandaceae. Hardy
(Walnut-tree;
Juslans
in 1592. ^
introduced
Walnut
deciduous
nut-bearing " orn. foliagetrees.
Soil,sandy " calcareous, or stiii loams on
OF WALNUT:
CULTUBB
S.
or
subsoil.
Position,
SW., open, not shaded
by trees or
gravelly
surface
to 4 in. below
3
roois
Oct.
or
Nov.,
Plant,
placing
buildings.
Apply
of ground previously
Pruning unnecessary.
deeply trenched.
to Oct., or \Va. of superJune
trees from
established
to
manure
phosphate
liquid
Judas-tree
for pickling
nuts
Gather
rod in June.
square
thin
in
tion
layers in dry posiRipe nuts place
before shell gets too hard.
alternate
in
fall off, then
layers with sand in
till husks
pack
trees
budded
or
barrels, casks, or jars sprinkled with salt. Grafted
other
above.
of
same
as
Culture
species,
seedlings.
bear earlier than
DATA:
gardens.
USEFUL
Juglans regia " nigra good for town
of
" veneering. Value
used for making gun stocks, furniture
Timber
of
bushel
will
foot.
nuts
cubic
One
6d.
yield
timber. Is. to 2s.
per
tree, 300 years.
Average
5,000 seedlings. Average life of a walnut
weight of timber per cubic foot, 471b.
in
2 in. deep in light soil outdoors
by seed (nuts)sown
of lime
to the
Propagate
transplantingseedlings follojWngOct.
Nov.,
in March.
SPECIES
budding
in
Aug. ; grafb
CULTIVATED:
J.
oinerea
June-berry
Juniper
Juniperus
"
"
coniferous
trees.
222
ENCYCLOPEDIA
beries
OF
GARDENING.
lawns
or
for dwarf
species.
Plant, Sept.,Oct.,
HEDGE
wide.- Plant,
Justicia.
"
Ord.
Acanthacese.
Stove
flowering ",
foliage
orn.
plants.
CULTURE:
" sand.
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould
in
frame
stove
to
June,
Sept.
light
pots
sunny
to
March
Water
March,
or
Pot,
April.
moderately Sept.
Sept.
Position, well-drained
June
to
to June,
times.
55" to 65" ; March
Temp-, Sept. to March
Prune
shoots to 1 in. of base after flowering. Nip off points
of young
shoots
occasionallyMay to Aug. to induce bushy growth.
pagate
Proartificial
twice a week to plantsin flower.
manure
Apply liquidor
inserted
in
small
of
shoots
pots of
singly
by cuttings
young
75"
to
March
soil
under
in
July.
bell-glass temp.
sandy
CULTIVATED:
J. oalyootricha (Syn. flavicoma),yellow, winter, 3 ft.,
SPECIES
freelyother
65" to 75"-
Brazil.
See
also
the
genus
Jacobinia.
Kadsura.
Ord.
Magnoliaceae. Half-hardy trailing,flowering
1846.
Flowers
succeeded
shrubs.
by
Evergreen. First introduced
scarlet berries.
borders
CULTURE:
Soil,peaty. Position, well-drained
against S.
walls.
W.
Plant, Sept. Oct., or April. Prune
or
stragglingshoots
moderately in April- Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots 2 to 3 in.
iu cold greenhouse or
bell-glass
long, inserted in silver sand under
"
frame,
July
to
Oct.
K. chinensis, white,
variegated.
Ord.
Scitaminaceoe.
Ksempferiai
introduced
Orn.
foliage. First
or
lance-shaped,
Leaves, egg
green bordered
SPECIES
Tariegata,
CULTIVATED:
summer,
ft., Japan;
chinensis
leaves
"
Stove
herbaceous
nials.
peren1728.
Flowers
fragrant.
flaked with white above
or
loam
Position, well-drained
"
peat
pots
iu
with
little
lightpart
of
Resting period,Oct.
to
Feb.
Propagate by
division
of root
stocks
in
Feb.
K. Gilhertii,leaves variegated white 'and
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Kirkii, rosy purple, Aug., 6 in.,Zanzibar; rotunda, white and
Burma;
1 ft., India.
Ksempfer'S
Iris
(Irislaevigata).See
"
223
Iris.
1 ft.,
violet,Aug.,
green,
KNOYOLOFJSDIA
OF
QABDENING.
ing
Grreenhouse
Ord. Crassulaceae.
perennialflower1781First
introduced
Flowers,
plants.
fragrant.
OtjLTURE : Compost, equal parts sandy loam, brick rubble, dried
" rive"- sand.
cow
manure
Position, well-drained
pots in light greenhouse,
rately
close to glass. Pot, March.
Water
freely April to Aug., modeold
Prune
little
afterwards.
to
Nov.,
plants after
Aug.
very
1 in.
shoots
1
"
shoots
when
to
are
new
in.,
flowering,shortening
repot
March
45"
to
50".
March
55"
to
to
to
65";
Sept.
long. Temp.,
Sept.
of
well-drained
seeds
in
soil,
sown
or
sandy
pots
Propagate by
pans
just
covered
with fine mould, in temp. 60" to 70" in March
or
April,seedlings
to be kept close to glass" have little water
; cuttingsof shoots 2 to 3 in.
for
few
then
inserted
in June, July, or Aug.
to
sun
long, exposed
days,
in well-drained
of
soil,
on
greenhouse shelf " given
pots
sandy
placed
little
water.
very
18 in., S. Africa; flammea,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
K. oarnea,
flesli,summer,
2 ft,, Somaliland;
marmorata
orange-scarlet, summer,
(Syn. grandiflora), white,
2 ft., Abyssinia,
bummer,
Kale
(Borecole). See Brassica,
KallYlia,
tain
Laurel; Swamp Laurel; Moun(CalicoBusk; American
Ord.
Erieacese.
ing
flowerLaurel; Sheep Laurel),
Hardy evergreen
1734
shrubs.
First introduced
GULTUKE
: Soil, sandy
peat " leaf-mould free from lime or chalk.
",
moist
Plant
Position,
cool,partiallyshaded.
Sept.,Oct., April,or
May.
Pruning unnecessary.
Foliage of K. latifolia poisonous to
cattle.
POT
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts sandy peat,one part leaf -mould
" sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in greenhouse (temp. 45" to 55")
rately
modefrom
Novafterwards.
Water
to May;
place outdoors
sunny
in winter, freelyother times.
in April
Propagate by seed sown
shallow
of sandy peat in
or
Oct,, 1-16 in. deep, in well-drained
pans
Kalanchoe.
"
"
"
inserted
in pots of sandy peat
cold frame;
shoots
cuttings of young
under
bell-glassin shady cold frame April to Aug.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
K. angustifolia (Slieep Laurel), crimson, June, 3 ft.,
and
N. America, and
its varieties ^lauca,luoida, rosea
rubra; glauoa, lllao purple,
G to 10 ft,, N.
latifolia
May, 2 ft,, N. America;
(Calico Bush), rose, summer,
and
its varieties
America,
mjrtifolia and polypetal.
" Bochea.
See Crassula
Kalosanthes.
Vine
See Vitis,
Kansaroo
(Vitis antarctica),"
Bromeliaceae.
Karatas.
Ord.
Stove
flowering " orn,
foliaged
1739.
Bracts, green,
red, or
plants. Evergreen. First introduced
crimson.
neath,
Leaves, strap-shaped,green
above, purplish or whitish be"
"
"
"
spiny.
Compost, ec[ual parts fibrous loam, rough peat, leafPosition, well-drained pots in light,moist part
Water
of stove.
Pot, Feb.. or March,
moderately in winter, freely
to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept, to March
at other times65"
Temp,, March
to 75".
Propagate by large-sizedoff-shoots inserted singly in small
pots of sandy peat,in temp, of 85", Feb, or April,
CULTURE:
mould,
"
silver sand.
CULTIVATED:
K, aoanthoorateo, blue, summer,
SPECIES
1 ft.,Brazil; ampuland
1 ft,, Brazil; Carolinse, blue
white, summer,
and
laoea, blue
summer,
green,
1 ft,,Brazil; humilis, purple, summer,
18 in., Brazil; fulgens, blue, summer,
18 in,,
18 in., Brazil.
Plumieri, purple, summer,
Mexico;
Kenilworth
Kennedya
rainosae.
Australia.
"
First
introduced
1788.
224
ENOYOLOPJEDIA
CULTUEE
OARDENINO.
OP
Kentia.
Stove
(Umbrella Palm). Ord. Palmaceae.
palms. Leaves,
feather-shaped,graceful.
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts loam " peat, little silver sand.
Position, well-drained
Pot, Feb. or March.
Temp. 70"
pots in stoveto 85" March
Water
to Sept.; 60" to 65" Sept. to March.
moderately
to healthy
Oct. to Feb., freelyafterwards.
Apply weak liquidmanure
a
week. May to Sept.
plants once
Syringe plants daily. Propagate
1 in. deep in lightsoil in temp. 80", Feb. or March.
by seeds sown
"
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
also the genera
Howea
Kentucky
Gymnocladus.
Kermes
Kerria,
shrub.
CULTURE
K.
australis, 6 to 10 ft.. Lord
Hedyscepe.
and
Howe's
Island.
See
See
(Gymnocladus canadensis).
Coffee-tree
"
Osik
(Quercus cocoifera). See Quercus.
Hardy deciduous
(Jew's Mallow). Ord. Eosaceae.
Nat. Japan- First introduced
1700.
W.
; Soil, good ordinary. Position, against S. or
"
"
Plant, Oct.
to March.
Prune
ing
flowerwalls or
in May
shoots
only.
parts loam,
"
part leaf-mould
moderately. After
till Oct.
Forcing ;
flowering,place plants in sunny
Water
moderately. Transfer
place plants in temp- 55" to 65" in Jan.
tings
positionoutdoors after flowering. Propagate by cutplants to sunny
bellshoots 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in sandy soil under
of young
layeringshoots in Oct.
glass or hand-lightor in cold frame in summer;
CULTUEE:
Pot, Oct.
POT
sand.
Compost,
in cold
Place
two
one
SPECIES
to
10
ft., China,
K.
and
its
varieties
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Plant, Oct.
or
April;
seeds
down
or
of roots
in
Oct-
outdoors
225
SPEOIBS
CU-LTIVATED:
Europe.
Kleinia
bluish
OABDENINO.
OF
MNOYOLOPMBIA
K.
Titifolia, white
and
rose,
summer,
to
ft., E.
with fleshycylindrical
Greenhouse
jperennials
and
curious
a
K.
articulata
leaves.
(Candle Plant),
grey
used
for
K.
in
windows.
carpet
for
culture
interestingplant
repens
First introduced, 1759.
Nat. S. Africa.
bedding in summer.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts loam, jjeat,leaf-mould, broken
(Candle Plant).
"
silver sand.
Pot in spring. Position, sunny
part of gfreen45" to 50";
March
to
windows
Oct.
house
in rooms.
or
near
Tempto
Water
March
March, freelyin
to Oct. 55" to 60".
sparingly Oct.
For
outdoor
summer.
culture, plant out late in May " lift again in
Oct.
Propagate by cuttings of shoots dried for a few hours before
insertion and then inserted in grittycompost any time during summer.
Plant,
K.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED."
articulata
(Syu. Gaoalia articulata). Candle
creeping, 8. Atrioa;
S. Africa;
fiooidee, white, summer,
yellow, IS in., sunimer,
1 ft.,
and
autumn,
Galpini, orange,
red. May, 2 ft., S. Africa;
fulgens, orange
S. Africa; nerifolia, yoUow, winter, i ft.. Canaries; pendula, vermilioii and
orange,
autumn,
Somaliland; repens, white, June, creeping, S. Africa.
Knee
Holly
(Euscus aculeatus). See Euscus.
Star
Knight's
Lily (Hippeastrum equestre). See Hippeas-
crocks, and
"
"
trum.
KniphOfia
(Eed-hot Poker Plant; Torch Lily;
Liliaceae.
Hardy herbaceous
perennials. Plants of
Ord.
aspect and
Formerly known
Club
noble
tall stems.
with showy flowers borne
in spikes on
of Tritoma.
under the genericname
with
CULTUEE:
manure.
Soil, sandy, well enriched
Nov.
well-drained
borders.
or
Plant,
April.
sunny,
Water
in April with
well-decayed manure.
Lily)
"
Position,
nually
Top-dress anfreely in dry
week
once
a
Apply liquid manure
during spring " summer.
weather
in
Protect
in
covering
severe
summer.
by
plants
of dry leaves or straw.
f in. deep in sandy
Propagate by seeds sown
boxes
in cold frame
in March
soil in shallow
or
April; transplanting
seedlingsoutdoors when large enough to handle; division of roots in
Nov.
or
April.
weather
to established
K.
aloides
uvaria), red and yellow,
(Syn. Tritoma
3 ft., B.
autumn,
Burohellii, scarlet, yellow and green,
apricot yellow, Sept., 1 ft.,Abyssinia; oaulescens, reddish salmon,
oarnosa,
yellow, Aug., 2 ft., Abyssinia; oorallina,
July, 4 to 6 ft., S. Africa; carposa,
scarlet,autumn, 3 ft.,hybrid; Lcitchlinii, red and yellow, Aug., 4 ft., Abyssinia;
Macowanii, orange-red, Aug., 1 ft., S. Africa; Northise, yellow and red, Jxily,1 ft.,
S. Africa
; pnmila, orange-red, Aug., 18 in., S. Africa ; Eooperi, orange-red,summer,
2 ft., Kaffraria;
Tuckii, yellow and red, June, 4 ft.. Cape Colony.
Knotted
Marjoram
(Origanum Marjoram), See Origanum.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
autumn,
Africa;
ft., S. Africa;
"
Knotweed.
"
Polygonum.
See
"
orn.-leaved
June.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
Koelreuteriai
Nat.
tree.
lawn
or
N.
K. eooparia, 2 to 3 ft.,Europe
Ord. Sapindacese. Hardy deciduous
flowering
First introduced
A gfraceful
for
tree
1763.
"
China.
shrubbery.
CULTUEE:
Oct. to March.
Pruning unnecessary.
226
but
Propagate by
sheltered.
Plant,
cuttingsof young
BNOYCLOPMBIA
OF
GARDENING.
BPE0IE8
CULTIVATED
in Sept.
K. bipinnata, yellow,
in
hand-light or
or
cold
Crame
iu
Oct.
summer,
ft., China
10
paniculata,
Kolpakowsky's
Tulipa.
Korolkow's
Kramer's
Tulip
Tulip
(Tulipa
kolpakowskyana).
Sec
"
(TulipaKorolkowi)."See Tulipa.
Lily (LiliumKrameri)."
Kum-quat
(Citrusjaponica).
Ord.' Leguminosse.
"
LablChea^
Nat. Australia.
CULTUEE
well-drained
"
First introduced
See
See Lilium.
Citrus.
Greenhouse
flowering shrub-
1840.
Position,
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, " sand.
into
Prune
pots in light,sunny greenhouse. Pot, March.
Feb.
Water
shape,
moderately, Oct. to April; freely afterwards.
to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept.to March
45" to 55".
Temp., March
Requires
plenty of air, April to Oct. Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots insorted in sand, under
in cool greenhouse,June
to Aug.
bell-glass
:
CULTIVATliiD
SPECIES
Labrador
Laburnum
L.
Tearplant
to
6 ft.
Ledum.
(Ledum
latifolium)."See
Ord.
Leguminosse.
(Golden Chain)
First introduced
floweringtrees.
"
CTJLTtnRE
;
Oct. to March.
Soil, ordinary.
duous
deci-
Hardy
1596.
Position, sunny
shrubberies.
Plaut,
Prune
spring, 15
giatum
to
(erect growing).
Lace-bark
Lace
Fern
Lace-leaf
Lachenalia
Pine
(Pinus burgeana)." See Pinus.
(Cheilanthesmyriophylla elegans). See
"
Plant
Cheilanthes.
"
Greenhouse
bulbous
Nat. S. Africa.
floweringplants. Deciduous1752.
First introduced
two
OTJLTUEE
: Compost,
parts fibrous sandy loam, half -part leaf" one
silver
mould, half-part
decayed cow
manure,
part tiver or coarse
well-drained
baskets
sand.
Position,
pots, pans, or
; light. Pot, Aug.,
plactng six bulbs ^ in. deep in a 5 in. pot, or 1 to 2 in. apart in pans
" placepots in cold frame
After potting,water
until Nov.,
baskets.
or
shelf
in
to airy
Water
then remove
greenhouse. Temp., 45" to 55".
well advanced.
moderately when
growth begins; freelywhen
Apply
when
flower
weak
stimulants
occasionally
spikesform; discontinue
After floweringgradually withhold
in bloom.
when
water, place pots
Growing
positionoutdoors, " keep quite dry to ripen bulbs.
June
to
color)
to
June;
restingperiod,
SeptForcing
(L. triperiod,Sept.
in sunny
:
Pot
55" to 65".
"
treat
as
Propagate
into
temp, of
separate pots at
pottingtime.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
L.
anrea,
227
ENCYCLOPMDIA
8
1
in. J
and
purple,
and
spring,
GARDENINO.
OF
1 ft.
Lactuca
border
Hardy
(Flowering
perennials "
and
Edible
Compositae.
Lettuce)." Old.
duced
introlettuce
salad vegetables.
Edible
1562.
tion,
PosiLETTUCE:
Soil, sandy loam.
March.
border.
Oct.
Plant,
or
Propagate
dryish
open,
sunny,
in April; division of roots in March.
by seeds sown
J in. deep outdoors
CULTURE
OP
EDIBLE
LETTUCE
:
Soil, light,rich, deeply due.
well manured.
borders
for
south
Position,
spring " winter crops ; open,
for
Sow
seeds
in.
summer
J
deep in light soil in temp.
sunny
crops65" in Jan., Feb., or March,
in March, April, "
for planting outdoors
in
in
of
bed
rich soil in sunny
March, April,May,
spot outdoors
May;
in Aug.
" June, for planting out in April,May, June, " July; outdoors
" Sept., for planting out in Sept. " Oct.; in cold frames
in Oct., for
12 in. asunder.
Plant, 10 in. apart in rows
planting out in March.
Blanch
varieties by tying bast round
outside
week
before
cos
a
reeach newly planted seedlingwith a cordon
Surround
required for use.
of soot
Water
lime.
or
dry.
freelywhen first planted, if weather
able
Cabbage varieties best for poor dry soil ; cos for heavy " rich soil. Suitartificial manures
: Superphosphate of lime
appliedbefore planting
at the rate of li lb. per square
rod; nitrate of soda when plantsbegin to
freely,at rate of IJlb. to square rod
grov/
applylatter in showery
weather.
For producing
seed, plant in poor soil m April or Hay. Seed
CULTDRE
OP
FLOWERING
"
retains
grown
from
frames
during winter, "
in 10 to 12 weeks.
Seeds
planted out
germinate
in March.
in 8 days.
Crop
reaches
maturity
or
dug " well manured
of
stable
:
dung and 3 cwt. superphosphate
winter.
in
during
ploughed
Apply 1 cwt. of nitrate
per acre
when
Sow
seeds under
nt soda per acre
glass in Feb.
crop is well up.
in open,
and onwards
and plant out 9 in. apart in April. Sow in March
One
" winter
pound of seed sufficient for an acre.
crops in Aug.
lettuce by tying with bast 10 days before cutting. Market
Blanch
cos
of
One ounce
Average yield per acre, 1,400 score.
by dozen or score.
for
seeds retain vegetativepowers
seed will yield3,000 plants- Lettuce
and germinate in 8 days. Average price per doz.. Is. to 3s.
5 years,
L. alpina (Syn. Mulgedium alpinum), blue, Aug., 3 ft.,
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
macrohiza
3 ft., Himalayas;
(Syn. Mulgedium
N.
laacroliiza),purple, autumn,
Europe;
8 ft., Pyrenees;
Plumieri
(Syn. Mulgedium
Plumleri), purple, summer,
Scariola
edible lettuce, Europe (Britain).
(Syn. Sativa), parent of the oultivated
Ladder
Fern
(Nephrolepis exaltata). See Nephrolepis. ,
Lad's-love
(Artemesia Aorotanum)." -See Artemesia.
Fern
Lady
(Asplenium Filix-foemina).See Asplenium.
Grass
Lady
(Phalarisarundinacea
variegata). See Phalaris.
Orchis
(Orchis purpurea). See Orchis.
Lady
Market
Culture
previous winter.
Manures
20
tons
"
"
"
"
Lady-in-the-Bower
Bovwer
Lady's
Lady's
Fingers
Garters
Lady's
"
"
Phalaris.
Lady's
Lady's
Hair
Pincushion
(Armeria maritima).
"
228
See
Armeria.
See
BNOrOijOPMDtA
OF
QABBMiJilfO.
SPECIES:
L. FIoe-Beginffi (Queen's Flower), rosy
purple, summer,
Asia.
6 to
GREENHOUSE
L. iudica
SPECIES:
(Indian Lilac), pink, summer,
Trop. Asia; indica
alba, white.
10
STOTE
20
to
ft., Trop.
10
ft.,
Hardy orn.
(Hare's-tail Grass)."Ord. Gramineae.
white,
borne
heads,
m
downy ;
grass.
egg-shaped
June
decorations.
to Sept. Very useful
in dried state for winter
Gather
CULTUEE
: Soil,ordinary.
Position,open dryish borders.
inflorescence
for drying in Aug.
seeds
sown
Jin.
by
deep
Propagate
outdoors
in April,where
plants are requiredto grow, or in well-drained
in April.
in Oct., planting outdoors
pans of light soil in cold frame
Lasurus
annual
Inflorescence
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Lamarckia.
SPECIES
"
"
CULTIVATED:
L. aurea,
8 in., S. Europe.
Mint
See Mentha.
(Mentha viridis)."
Lettuce
(Valerianellaolitoria). See
Lamb
Lamb's
Lamb's
Lamium
"
Valerianella.
Tong^ue
(Stachyslanata). See Stachys.
(Dead-Nettle). Ord. Labiatae.
Hardy perennialherbs.
"
"
Flowering
egg or heart-shaped,with serrated
"
white.
bronze,
margins, golden,
green,
CULTUEE
borders.
L.
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, dryish, sunny
effective
for
dwarf
borders
in
aureum
summer.
edging plant
very
"
Plant, Oct.
or
April. Propagate by
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
yellow,
Land
foliage. Leaves,
orn.
ft., Europe
L.
division
aureum,
(Britain).
Cress
Lantana
Verbenacese.
First introduced
POT
CULTUEE
maoulatum
Barbarea.
Sage; Surinam
(Jamaica Mountain
Greenhouse
" half-hardy evergreen
Tea-plant). Ord.
"
flowering
shrubs.
1690.
:
Compost,
two
parts loam,
one
part peat,leaf-mould,
charcoal.
Position, well-drained
decayed manure,
in
March.
Water
light greenhouse. Pot, firmly,
pots
freely,Apiil
to Oct.; moderately, Oct. to April.
into shape, Feb.
Prune
Temp.,
Oct.
45" to 55"; March
to March,
to Oct., 55" to 65".
Apply weak
stimulants
twice weekly.May to Sept.
once
or
OUTDOOE
CULTUEE
:
Soil, rich sandy.
Position, sunny
dryish
beds or
borders.
Lift in Sept.; repot " replace in
Plant, June.
1-16 in. deep in wellgreenhouse for winter.
Propagate by seeds sown
drained
of
"
or
in
leaf-mould,
sandy peat
pots
pans
temp, of 70" to B0"
in Feb., March,
or
April; by cuttings of firm shoots 2 to 3 in. long
inserted
in small pots of sandy peat under
in temp, of 55" to
bell-glass
65" in Aug. or Sept.
of
or
side
shoots 2 in. long
by cuttings
;
young
inserted
above
as
m
or
temp. 60" to 70", March
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
L. Camara,
G tb 8 ft., Trop. America;
violet, summer,
2 to 3 ft., Trop. America;
niyea, white, summer,
trifolia,red, summer,
3 ft.* Trop'.
Numerous
varieties superior to species in trade list".
America.
Lantern-flOVtfer
(AbutilonDarwinii)."See Abutilon.
Ord. Liliacsae.
Greenhouse
" half-hardy
Lapaseriai
flowering
Nat.
Chili.
climber.
First
introduced
1847.
Evergreen.
or
'
"
230
UNCYOLOPMDIA
OF
GARDENING.
CULTURE
to 65".
Foliage
Compost,
part equalproportionsof
to Oct., 55"
must
be
kept free
insects.
from
loam.
Position,
Soil, equal parts peat
:
Oct.
or
in
S.
of
March,
west
walls, sheltered,
England only. Plant,
Water
in severe
weather.
in weU-drained
bed.
Protect
freelyin dry
in
well-drained
in.
seeds
weather.
sown
pots or
J
deep
Propagate by
55"
65"
in
March
of
to
leaf
in
"
or
-mould
of
sandy peat
temp,
pans
autumn.
in
shoots
in
or
spring
sandy peat
April; by layering strong
OUTDOOR
SPEOIES
albiflora
"
CULTURE
OtJLTITATED
Lapeyrousia.1
plants.
Nat.
L.
rose,
rosea,
"
of Good
Cape
Hope.
15 to
summer,
superba, crimson.
Iridacese.
Ord.
(white),and
20 ft. ; and
its varieties
bulbous
Hardy
flowering
introduced
1791.
" leaf -mould.
loam
First
Position,
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
: SWl,
sandy
in.
4
rockeries.
bulbs
well-drained
borders
deep "
Plant,
or
sunny
Sin. apart, Sept. to Oct.
CULTURE:
POT
Compost, equal parts sandy loam, leaf -mould, "
sand.
Position, cold frame, Sept. to Feb.; cool or cold greenhouse
with
afterwards.
Pot, Sept.,placing six bulbs in a 6-in. pot, " cover
when
Water
newgrowth
cinder ashes till growth begins.
moderately
till potting time.
Propagate by
commences;
keep dry after flowering
at planting or potting time, " treated as old bulbs.
offshoots removed
oruenta), crimson, sumL. oruenta
OULTrFATED:
(Syn. Anomathcoa
SPECIES
in
1 ft.,tender, best grown
grandiflora,red and yellow, summer,
nier, 1 ft., hardy;
l)ota.
Larch
(Larix europsea). See Larix.
"
Lardizabala.!
Orn.
climber.
CULTURE:
border
drained
"
Berberidaceae.
Ord.
Hai:dy
evergreen
flowering
of S.
base
or
W.
walls.
well-
or
spring
or
SPECIES
autumn.
CULTIVATED
"
:
L.
(Larch). Ord.
Larix
"
First introduced
Grown
1629.
timber
purposes.
tion,
stony, or any except heavy clay. PosiCULTURE
: Soil, gravelly,
situations
from
sheltered
north;
low,
damp
hill slopesor banks,
for planting,3 to 4 ft. each
Distance
Plant in autumn.
not suitable.
Land
old.
best trenched
a
two
good
to plant,
Best
years
largelyfor
way.
spit deep
acre
age
before
at 3
planting.
ft.,4,840;
Number
at 4
of trees
required to plant an
perial
im-
ENCYCLOPJUDIA
old.
years
a
pound, 5,000.
130 ft.
seed
Bears
Weight
when
of
of timber
Weight
GABDENING.
OF
per
of seeds in
Number
old.
years
bushel
of seed, 141b.
Average height,
of cubic feet
cubic foot, 33 lb.
Number
30
to 40
to
SPECIES
ton, 58.
CULTIVATED:
to
120
ft.,
L.
dayurioa,
10
to
20
ft., Siberia;
(Common
europsea
and
its varieties
glauca pendula, pendula and
sibirica
(Siberian Larch) ; G-riffithii (Sikkim Laroh), 30 to 40 ft., Himalayas ;
(Japanese Larch), also known
as
leptolepis
japonioa,30 to 40 ft., .Tapan ; occi-
Laroh),
60
Europe;
dentalis
70 to
-pendula
America;
(Black Larch),
80
"
Lasthenia.
"
Ord.
Compositae.
Hardy
First
annuals.
duced
intro-
1834.
CULTUEE
beds,
Soil, ordinary.
borders.
Propagate by
plants are
required to grow for
similarlyfor spring flowering.
or
Position,
seeds
sown
sheltered
warm,
J in.
flowering; in
shimmer
rockeries,
deep in April,wheje
Sept. or
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
California;
Latania
Oct.,
1
ft.,
Orn.
foliage.
Feb.
March.
or
Water
freely,March
Syringe once
daily in winter; twice
Sept,65'^ to 75"; Sept.to March, 55"
Jin. deep in rich light
April.
L. Commersonii,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
feltii (Syn. L. aurea), 7 ft., Mauritius.
Lathyrus
Hardy
ft.,Mauritius
(EverlastingPea; Sweet
herbaceous
perennial
annuals
1700.
"
Pea).
and
"
climbers.
Bourbon
Verschaf-
Ord.
Legumiuosse.
duced
introPea
Sweet
SWEET
PEA:
Soil, rich ordinary, well manured.
in sunny
borders, shoots supported by tree branches ;
in open
against sunny walls or fences; in sunny wyidow boxes; in rows
Sow seeds three or four in a 3-in. pot in light soil in temp.
garden.
outdoors
in May;
2ip.
55 to 65" in March.,
or
transplanting
seedlings
or
deep, and 3 to Bin. apart in March
April,where plants are to grow.
Water
twice
liberallyin dry weather.
once
or
Apply liquid manure
seed pods as they form, to ensure
weekly to plants in flower. Remove
Grow
other annual
plenty of flowers.
speciesthus.
CULTUEE
four seeds 1 in. deep in 3-in. pots in temp. 4j"
POT
: Sow
to 55" in March.
"
Compost, two parts loam, one
part leaf-mould
sand.
Transfer
four seedlings,when
2 in. high, to a Sin. pot. Support
shoots with small tree branches.
Water
liberally. Apply liquid
when
flowers show.
Grow
in cool greenhouse or window
manure
when
in flower.
EXHIBITION
OR
SPECIAL
CULTURE
Grow
in circular
:
groups
3 ft. apart, or
and
in trenches
2 ft. wide
18 in. wide
and
2 ft. deep.
Dig out soil to depth of 2 ft. Fork into subsoil 2 in. of rotten
CULTUEE
OF
Position, groups
manurej
232
UNOYCLOP^DIA
then
till up
hole
GARDENING.
OF
each of
trench to within 2 in. of top. Add
a handful
kainit
superphosphate
to each hole, or
lineal yard of trench, "
fork in.
Sow
seeds 1 in. deep " 3 in. apart in March
or
in groups
trenches ; or five seeds in a three-inch
pot of good soil in cold frames
in March, " plant out seedlings4 to 6 in. apart in April. Stake early.
Feed with half-ounce of sulphateof ammonia
Give
to gallon of water.
or
and
each group
lineal yard of row
or
of
shoots
when
of
sticks is reached.
points
top
gallonsto
once
Remove
week.
spent
Nip
off
blooms
daily.
CULTUEE
OF
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
rich.
in
to
of
close
Prune
stems
freelyin dry weather.
away
pagate
Prowith
in
March.
ground
Top-dress
decayed manure
in
soil
55"
65"
in
in
to
planting
transMarch,
by
light
temp.
seedlingsoutdoors in May ; or outdoors in April ; by division
in March
roots
or
April.
summer.
Water
in Oct.
seeds sown
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
L. odoratus
(Sweet Pea), various, 6 to 10 ft., Italy;
4 to 6 ft.,Tangrier.
tiiig:itanus(Tangier Pea), purple and red, summer,
PEEBNNIAL
SPEOIES
5 ft., S. Europe;
grandiaorus, rofly crimson, summer,
: L.
latifolius or Sylvestris platyphyllus (Everlasting Pea), red, crimson
and violet/ 8 to
10 ft.,Europe;
latifolius altus, white; Isetlflorus,
10 ft.,California;
flesli,
summer,
to
magellanicus (Lord Anson's
Pea), purple, June
Sept., 6 to 8 ft.. Straits of
6 ft., Asia
undulatus
Magellan;
rotundifolius, rosy pink, summer,
Minor;
(Syn.
Sibthorpii), rosy purple.May and June, 2 to 3 ft.,Dardanelles; splendens, carmineOalifomia.
red, summer,
Lattice-leaf
See Ouvirandra.
(Ouvirandra fenestralis).
(Prunus Laurocerasus). See Prunus.
(Bay Tree; Sweet Bay; Victor's Laurel; Poet's Laurel).
Laurel
"
"
Laurus
Ord.
Plant
"
LaurinesB.
duced
tree.
Orn.
foliage. First introevergreen
1562.
Flowers, male " female born on separate trees, yellow,
insignificant. Berries, dark ;purple;
ripe,Oct. Leaves, lance-shaped,
dark
green,
CULTURE
shrubberies
Hardy
April.
TUBS
: Compcst, two
paits loam, one part leaf-mould
well-drained
in summer.
Position,
Plant, Sept.,Oct., March,
proof
or
April. Place outdoors. May to Oct., cool greenhouse or other frostWater
little,Oct. to April; freely
place, Oct. to May.
very
afterwards.
Propagate by cuttingsof shoots, 3 to 4 in. long, inserted
in sandy soil under
hand-lightsin shady place outdoors, Aug., Sept.,
in Sept. or Oct.
shoots
Oct.
or
; layering
CiTLTIVATED
SPECIES
: L. nobilis, 20 to 40 ft., S. Europe.
IN
CULTURE
" sand.
Laurustinus
Lavandula
shrubs.
for their
purposes.
CULTURE
Plant, March
"
"
Position, warm,
dry, " sunny.
foot
in
asunder.
2
ft.
Water
rows
or
apart
Sept., a
weather.
Prune
into
in
plants
shape,March
occasionally dry
straggfljr
for
when
Gather
blossoms
a
drying or distilling
or
they assume
April.
colour.
brown
Dry slowly in shade " store in dry place. Leaves of
all species
pulled off large
fragrant. Propagate by small branches
:
233
i}NOtCL0pMDiA
plants
Sept.;
inserted
"
also
by
in
ordinary soil in
seeds
positionoutdoors, April or
sunny
in
outdoors
sown
OAttDtlNING.
OF
April.
manured.
well
1 ft.
offsets
Plant
from
east.
sheltered
north
and
Position, southerly,
each
each
in
ft.
3
Oct.
way.
apart
apart
Following transplant
way
For
first two
three years
or
inter-crop with radishes, lettuces, etc.
with 20 loads of decayed dung and 1 cwt. superTop-dress in autumn
phosphate
Gather
flowers earlyin Aug. in dry weather
only.
per acre.
of planta."20 to ^640.
tion,
Average duration
Average returns
per acre,
Cultubb:
Mabket
10
years.
SPECIES
S.
"
gravelly loam,
Soil, deep
CULTIYATED
Europe.
Lavatera.
annuals.
L.
lilao
vera,
or
Aug.,
ft.,
Half-hardy biennials
(Tree Mallow). Ord. Malvaceae.
Flowering " orn. foliage. Leaves, hand-shaped, green, or
"
variegated with
white.
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
Soil; ordinary. Position,
sheltered, dryish borders.
Plant, June.
warm,
tion,
PosiCULTURE
OF ANNUAL
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary lightrich.
beds
borders.
Sow
seeds
in.
where
are
quired
reor
deep
plants
J
sunny
biennial
seeds
to grow
in Slept,
or
by
species
April. Propagate
in pots or boxes of light soil in temp, of 55" to 60" in March
or
sown
in
or
outdoors,
or
April;
position
May.
April
sunny
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
L. arborea
8 to 10 ft..
(Tree Mallow), purple, autumn,
Europe (Britain).
L. trimestris, rose, summer,
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
4 to 6 ft.,8. Europe; trlmestris
alba, white.
Lavender
(Lavandula vera). See Lavandula.
CULTURE
OF
"
Lavender
lina.
Lavender
Lawn
Lawn
Cotton
(Santolinachamsecyparissus).See
Santo-
"
Grass
"
"
"
First introduced
1834.
CULTURE
bed or borders.
pagate
Pro: Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
1-16 in. deep in light mould
in temp. 55" to 65"
by seeds sown
in April,transplanting seedlings outdoors
end of May ; or outdoors
in
where
to
are
required
plants
April,
grow.
L. oalliglossa (Syn. Oiyura
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
ohrysantliemoiaes), yellow
1 ft., N. America;
1 ft., California
elcgans, yellow and white, Bummer,
summer,
1 ft., California.
platyglossa (Syn. Callichroa
yellow, summer,
platyglofi"a),
Lead
Plant
(Amorpha cauescens). See Amqrpha.
Lead-WOrt"
See Plumbago and
Ceratostigma.
"
"
Leaf-floweringr
Cactus
(Epiphyllum truncatum).
"
See
Epiphyllum.
Leather
Flower
Leather-wood
See Cyrilla.
(Cyrillaracemiflora)."
(Cedrus Libani)."See Cedrus.
(Labrador Tea; Marsh Rosemary). Ord. Ericaceie.
floweringshrubs.
Evergreen. First introduced 1762.
Lebanon
Ledum
Cedar
"
CULTURE:
Soil, equal parts peat, leaf -mould, "
beds or borders
in company
with
open, well-drained
etc.
Propagate by
seeds
sown
or
March, disturbing
roots
1-16 in.
deep, in
234.
Hardy
sand.
Position,
azaleas, kalmias,
little as possible.
as
well-drained pan of sandy
ENCYCLOPEDIA
peat in
in
cold frame
Sept. or Oct.
in March
GARDENING.
OF
of roota
CULTIVATED:
(Labrador
"
to Sept.,
55" to 65"Water
March,
freely, March
to
afterwards.
moderately
Syringedaily,April Aug. Propagate by
inserted
in sandy soil under
of
side
shoots
bell-glassin temp.
cuttings
75" to 85" in spring.
L. amabilis, 3 ft. ; amabilis
splendenii,superior form.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
See Allium.
Leek."
Hardy flowering
Leioptiyllum
(Sand Myrtle). Ord. Ericaceae.
75"; Sept.
to
"
shrubs.
CULTUEE
First
Evergreen.
introduced
1736.
"
sand.
Position,
beds or borders.
Plant, Oct., Nov., or
margins of well-drained
open,
in
in.
1-16
seeds
March.
sown
Propagate by
deep well-drained pan of
in
cold
frame
March;
by layering in Sept.
sandy peat in a
L. buxifolium
buxitolium), white. May,
(Syn. Ledum
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
1 ft., Carolina; buxifolium
prostratum (Syn. Lyonii), prostrate growing.
Grass
Lemon
(Andropogon Schsenanthus). See Andropogon.
Lemon
Oil-plant
(CitrusLimonum). See Citrus.
Geranium
Lemon-scented
(Pelargoniumcrispum). See
"
"
"
Pelargonium.
Gum-tree
Lemon-scented
(Eucalyptus citriodora).
See
citriodorus).
See
"
Eucalyptus.
(Thymus
Tiiyme
Lemon-scented
"
Thymus.
Verbena
(Lippiacitriodora).See Lippia.
(CitrusLimonum)." See Citrus.
duced
First intro(Lentils).Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy annual.
Lemon-scented
"
Lemon-tree
Lens
"
broad,
feather-shaped.
Pods, about fin. long, ^in.
in soups, etc.
Seeds, edible, used chiefly
borders.
Sbw
Position, sunny
Soil, light, ordinary.
Leaves,
1548.
containingtwo
CULTURE
seeds 2in.
the
Allow
seeds.
deep "
plants to
apart in
2 in.
"
"
"
hardy flowering
shrub.
CULTURE
INDOOR
First introduced
Evergreen.
Compost, two parts rich loam,
1712.
one
part equal
55^to
65".
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
Soil,sandy loam.
235
"
.^.
Position,
warm
,
"
sheltered
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GABDENING.
OF
in winter
Protect
in mild southern
districts only. Plant, May.
in
inserted
of
shoots
bracken
straw.
or
cuttings
Propagate by
or
light sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March
April. Young plants
bushy
require tops of shoots to be removed
occasionally to induce
border
with
growth.
SPECIES
Africa.
CULTITATED:
L.
orange-soarlet,snmmer,
Leonoras,
Leontice
to
ft., S.
Ord. Berberidaceae.
(Lion'sLeaf; Lion's Turnip).
tuberous-rooted
1597.
Hardy
perennials. First introduced
CULTURE
tion,
Posi: Soil, equal parts sandy loam,
leaf-mould, " sand.
sheltered
Plant
in
tubers
Sept. or Oct. ; base
rockery.
sunny
only of tuber to be buried in the soil,leaving the upper part exposed.
Mulch
with cocoanut-fibre
refuse or decayed leaves in summer,
" protect
tubers with covering of ashes in winter.
Propagate by offsets removed
" planted in Sept. or Oct.
8PE0IBS
CULTIVATED:
L. Albert!
and
(Lion's Turnip), brown
yellow, spring,
6 to 8 in., Tnrkestan;
Leontopetalnm
(Lion's Leaf), yellow, spring, 1 ft., Canoasns.
Leontopodium
(Edelweiss). Ord. Compositse. Hardy perennial
herb.
Nat. Alps.
First introduced
1776.
CULTURE
:
Soil, well-drained, sandy.
Position, exposed sunny
rockeries.
from
in
Plant, March
or
April. Protect
heavy rains
autumn
of
" winter
glass,supported by sticks at
by placing a square
each corner,
above
few inches
the plants. Gather
flowers in Aug.,
a
"
"
by
leaf-mould,
seeds
sown
in March
in
well-drained
pan
of
a
hand-light, or
granite chips,placed under
frame
in a cool shady spot, transplantingseedlingsoutdoors
or
Sept. ; by division of plantsin April.
"
fine loam,
in a cold
in Aug.
L.
OULTrrATED:
to July, suralpinnm
(Edelweiss), yellow, May
rounded
by star-sbaJped,
white, cottony involucre, 6 in.
Leopard-flower
(Belamacauda sinensis). See Belamacauda.
Leopard
Lily (Lachenaliatricolor).See Lachenalia.
Leopard'S-ba.ne
(Doronicum Pardalianches). See Doronicum.
SPECIES
"
"
"
Groundsel
Leopard'S-bane
(S"necio Doronicum).
See
"
Seneoio.
First
Lepidlum
(Cress). Ord. Cruciferas.
Hardy annual.
1548.
introduced
" largely
Leaves, finelydivided, agreeably flavoured
for salads.
used in conjunctionwith mustard
CULTURE:
OUTDOOR
Soil, ordinary.
Position, open borders.
of soil, water,
surface
and
seeds on
with
Sow
boards
mats
cover
or
until they germinate; or in drills Jin. deep," Bin. apart. Make
first
sowing end of March, follow with successional sowings every 10 days
Gather
until Sept., then
for salading when
cease.
1 in. high. Two
off
of
sufficient
one
piece
ground.
crops
Sow
INDOOR
CULTURE:
seed on
surface
of light soil in shallow
with
moisten
with
sheet
water,
cover
of paper,
boxes,
tepid
slate, or
position in greenhouse or room.
board, " place in warm
Sow for succession
Two
be grown
in same
soil. Seeds
crops may
every 7 days.
"
te
may
year.
sown
on
flannel
kept
moist
jn
warm
room,
at
any
time
Make
Culture
the staging or on the
:
up a bed on
heated
glass-houseor pit. Place 2 in. of rough manure
on
" one
2 in. of sifted decayed^manure,
inch of fine soil on
Stjak the seeds in water
level.
for 12 hours, then rub
Mabket
of
then
Make
dry
236
of
floor
bed,
top!
with
OULTITATBD
SPECIES
Leucocrinum."
CULTUEE
L.
GABDBNINO.
OF
BNOTOLOPMDIA
nials.
peren-
SPECIES
spring,
L.
Leucojum
dacesB.
montanum
in., Arizona.
(Snowflake;
bulbous
Hardy
Amarylh-
Snowdrop). Ord.
Summer
"
plants.
Snowflake
(L.
Position, Summer
Snowflake
borders
woodlands;
Spring
or
sunny
also be
Both
rockeries.
in shady borders
or
on
may
in grass.
naturalised
Plant, bulbs 4 in. deep, " 3 in. apart,Aug. to
Nov.
do not usually flower first year after planting, and only
Bulbs
to
be
lifted " replanted every five to eight years.
Propagate
require
Oct.
removed
"
in
or
offsets,
by
replanted
Sept.
and
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
L. testiynm
Snowflake), white
green.
(Summer
and
1 ft., Europe
antumnalis), white
green,
May,
(Britain); hyemale (Syn. Aois
Isles;
and
May, 1 ft., Balearic
April, 9 in., Portugal; pulchellum, white
green,
carand
March, 1 ft., Europe; vernum
Ternum
(Spring Snowflake), white
green,
paticum, white and yellow.
house
Leucoposon
(AustralianCurrant). Ord. Epacridaceae. GreenFirst
duced
introflowering shrubs.
Evergreen. Nat. Australia.
CULTURE
sestivum)in
(L. vernum)
or
shady
"
1815.
silver
fibry peat, one-fourth
doors
Sept. to July, sunny placeout-
CULTUEE:
Compost, three-fourths
sand.
Position, ligntairy greenhouse
July
to
May,
Sept. Eepot, April,
June;
or
good drainage
tial.
essen-
Aug.
or
April.
SPECIES
white.
shoots
May,
CULTIVATED:
4 to 6 ft.
Leucothoe.
CULTUEE
open sheltered
cold
Nov.
Ord.
introduced
"
First
not
lanceolatns, white.
Ericaceae.
1765.
May,
Propagate by
Feb.
or
March;
seeds
to
10
ft.; Reiohei,
borders.
necessary.
frame,
L.
layeringshoots
in
sand.
Position,
April. Pruning
deep
sandy peat in
Oct. or
division,
Sept.;
1-16 in.
sown
"
green.
Ever-
or
in
CULTIVATED:
L. axillaris (Syn. Andromeda
SPECIES
white, May,
axillaris),
ft., N. States; Oatesbaei (Syn. Andromeda
Oatesbsei),white. May, 3 ft., Georgia;
DaTJeise, white, July, 1 ft., California; racemosa
and
(Syn. Andromeda
Lyonia
raoemosa), white. May, 4 to 6 ft., K. America.
3
Spatlum).
Levtfisia
Ord.
(Bitter-wort;
Portulacaceae.
Hardy
herbaceous
perennials. First introduced 1826.
CULTURE:
Soil, equal parts sandy loam, peat, " sand.
Position,
crevices of moist sunny
rockeries.
Plant, Sept.,Oct., March, or April.
Water
Leaves
occasionallyin dry weather.
wither
at the
time
of
not
be produced at all.
flowering, or may
Growing
above
"
period
238
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
ground, about
six weeks.
Propagate by seeds
of
loam
"
in
cool shady frame
sandy
a
pans
peat
division of the roots in March
or
April.
SPECIES
pink,
CtTLTITATED:
L. rediviTa, rose,
i is., California.
snmmer,
eummer,
in well-drained
in March
or
April;
sown
in., California
Tweedyi,
Leycesteria
Ord.
"
1824.
CULTUEE
borders.
sheltered
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
into shape after flowering.
Prune
Plant, Oct., Nov., Feb., or March.
Propagate by seeds
1-16 in.
sown
or
"
borders.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Cut off decayed
in April. Water
with
in Oct.
Mulch
freelyin
decayed manure
soil
in.
in
1-16
seeds,
weather.
sown
sandy
light
deep
by
Propagate
dry
in Aug. or Sept.,transplanting
outdoors
seedlingsthe followingMay ;
division of plants in March
or
April.
L. pyonostacbya, purijle,
CtTLTIYATED:
SPECIES
Aug., 3 to 4 ft.,N. America;
spicata, purple, Aug., 4 to 5 ft., N.
scariosa, purple, Aug., 2 to 3 ft., N. America;
or
stems
America,
ing
Iridaceae.
Hardy evergreen perennials.Floweror
1823.
introduced
First
sword-shaped
Leaves,
oru.
foliage.
dark
graceful,
grass-like,
green.
CULTUEE:
Soil, equal parts sandy loam, peat, and leaf-mould.
Plant,
borders, or preferably,rockeries.
Position, well-drained
sunny
to
Nov.
covering
Protect,
April.,by
March,
or
April.
Sept., Oct.,
Propagate by seeds sown
with dry fern, tree leaves, or strawy manure.
or
soil in cold frame
in
greenhouse, Aug. to Nov. ;
in.
Libertia.
Ord.
"
"
sandy
creeping rhizomes,
deep
division
of
Libocedrus
trees.
or
April.
wMte,
June,
formosa,
tricolor, white, June,
Zealand;
:
L.
"
Orn.
glossy, or
March
CTTLTITATED
white, June, 3 ft.. New
SPECIES
milk-green.
small, oblong.
Soil, rich
CULTUEE:
Habit,
pyramidal
or
column-like.
,
loam;
Cones,
warm,
districts in S. of England
sheltered;
seeds sown
Nov.
Jin.
to
deep
by
Propagate
Plant,
Sept.
only.
to April;
Oct.
frame
in
cold
or
soil
greenhouse,
of
in pans
sandy
in sandy soil in cold
cuttings of firm shoots or branchlets inserted
under hand-light in Aug. or Sept.
or
frame
L.
(Incense
chilensis, 60 to 80 ft., Chili; decurrens
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Zealand.
70 ft..New
douiana,
California;
100
ft.,
Cedar),
Greenhouse
Aoanthaceae.
Ord.
shrubby flowering
Liboriia.
1864.
introduced
plants. Evergreen. First
as
singlespecimens on
lawns
in mild
"
239
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Apply weak
moderately, Oct. to April; freely afterwards.
stimulants
twice
once
or
weekly during flowering period. Syringe
50" to 60" ;
to Sept.
foliagetwice daily, March
Temp., Sept. to March
shoots
of
1 in
March
60" to 70".
to June
cuttings
Propagate by
young
soil
in
in well-drained
filled
with
to 2 in. long, inserted
sandy
pots
75"
Feb.
to
to
85",
May.
temp.
L. floribunda
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
(properly Jaoobinia
panoiflora),yellow,
winter, 2 ft,, Brazil; penrhoaieneifl,crimson, wiiiter, 2 ft., hybrid.
Licuala.
Stove
Ord. Palmacese.
palms. Orn. foliage. First
Water
"
1802.
introduced
Leaves, fan-shaped, green.
tion,
PosiCULTURE
:
Compost, two parts peat " one of loam " sand.
well-drained
in
of
Feb.
to
stove.
Pot,
April.
light part
pots
Water
Syringe twice
moderately, Oct. to March; freely afterwards.
March.
March
to
to
to
once
Temp., March
Sept.;
daily,
daily,Sept.
65"
65".
seeds
75"
March
55"
to
to
to
sown
Sept.
Propagate by
Sept.
;
iin. deep in lightrich soil in temp. 80" to 90", Feb., March, or April.
SPB0IE3
CULTIVATED
Britain; Veitohii, 6 to 8 ft.
: L.
grandis, 10 ft.. New
See Senecio.
Ligfularia.
"
Lisurian
"
shrubs.
See
(Campanula iaophylla).
Bell-flower
"
Orn.
Hardy
deciduous
"
Flowers, white,
shining,black
variegated with
or
panula.
Camgreen
ever-
borne
in
yellow.
white
or
yellow.
CULTURE
: Soil, loam
or
species
good ordinary. Position, common
of trees, in open
in shrubberies, under
shade
or
as
hedges; others in
kinds, Oct. to Feb.; evergreen
Plant, deciduous
open shrubberies.
in
Prune
deciduous
kinds in autumn,
kinds, Oct. to April.
evergreens
April.
two spitsdeep " 3 ft.
HEDGE
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary,trenched
wide.
Plant, privet (1 to 3 ft. high) 6 to 9 in. apart, Oct. to April.
Trim
into shape, June
" July.
Cost of plants per 100, 58.
Cost of
planting" preparing the soil per lineal yard, 9d. Privet and hawthorn
Varieties
mon
a splendidhedge.
suitable. Complanted alternately,makes
Privet
Privet
(L, ovalifolium),and
(L. vulgare).Oval-leaved
Golden
Privet (Ovalifoliumaureum).
Also suitable shrubs
for growing
seeds
in town
in.
1
s
own
by
Propagate
(berries)
gardens.
deepin open
largest seedlingsthe following Oct.,
ground in Nov., transplanting
next
the remainder
cuttings of young shoots 2 to 4 in. long, iuyear;
under
serted in a shady positionoutdoors
or
a hand-light, in summer
;
also cuttings of firm shoots 8 to 12 in. long, inserted in shady position
in ordinary soil outdoors, Sept. to Nov. ; layering shoots
in Sept. or
Oct.
L. Ibota
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
(Syn. amuronsis), 3 ft.,Japan;
japonioum,
6 to 8 ft., evergreen,
3 to 4 ft., Japan;
Japan; japonioum coriaoeum, evergreen,
luoidum
China;
luoidum, 8 to 12 ft., evergreen,
tricolor, variegated; ovalifolium
ovalifolium
(Oval-leaved Privet), 6 to 8 ft., evergreen,
Japan;
variegatum, leaves
blotched
with yellow or white;
ovalifolium
aureum
(Golden Privet), golden leaved,
much
boxes
and hedges ; sinense, 10 to 20 ft., evergreen,
used for window
China ;
sinense
variegatum, leaves variegated; vulgare (Common
Privet), 6 to 10 ft.,
Britain, deciduous.
Lilac
(Syringa vulgaris). See Syringa.
"
Lilium
(Lily)."Ord. Liliaceas.
floweringplants. First introduced
OLASSIFICATION
OF
Hardy
and
half-hardybulbous
1596.
LILIUMS
340
ENCYCLOPEDIA
rion
OF
GARDENING.
" vars.,
group). L. bulbiferum, L. concolor " Tars., L. dauricum
li. philadelphioum,L. elegans " vars.
flowers
(EuliTrumpet-shaped
riou group). L. Browni, L. candidum
L. cordifolium, L. gigan" vara.,
L. Krameri, L. longiflorum " vars., L. Parryi, L. washingteum,
tonianuni
" var.
Recurved
flowers (Martagon group). L. candadense,
Ii. caruiolicum, L. caroliueum, L. chalcedonicum, L. Hansoni, L. Humboldti, L. Leichtlini,L. martagon " vars., L. monadelphum " var-,
L. pomponum,
L. pyrenaicum, L. superbum " vars.,
L. tenuifolium,
"
L. testaceura.
Flowers
drooping'(Archeliriongroup). L. auratum
"
"
"
"
L.
vars.,
OUTDOOR
specioaum
"
vars.,
CULTURE:
L.
tigrinum vars.,
enriched
Soil, ordinary,
L.
"
"
roseum.
with
chalcedonicum, L.
decayed
croceum
for L. bulbiferum, L. candidum,
monadelL.
L.
" L. testaceum;
for L. auratum,
rich loam
martagon,
L. pomponum,
L. tenuifolium, L. tigrinum, " L. pyrenaicum;
cum,
for L. Browni, L. giganteum, " L. daurioam,
peat, and leaf-mould
L. Parryi, L. pardalinum, L. specioL. Hansoni, L. longiflorum,
L. superbum, L. Leichtlini. Peat, leaf-mould, " sand for L. canasum,
L.
manure,
f)hum,
bulbs.
Plant
Dalhousoni,
croceum,
it.
each bulb and a little around
circumference
soil to depth of 18 in. and
Remove
Special
Beds;
6in.
Place
of 12in. for 3 bulbs, 24 in. for 6 bulbs, 3 ft. for 12 bulbs.
In
of
this.
in
bottom
and
case
on
heavy, wet
of cow
manure
compost
level.
Mulch
rise
in.
above
4
to
surface
of
bed
ordinary
subsoils, allow
inches
of
surface
first
few
in
with decayed cow
manure
removing
April,
with covering of cinder ashes
choice kinds during winter
soil. Protect
leaves turn
when
flower
stems
down
Cut
yellow.
or
strawy manure.
twice weekly
once
or
in very dry weather.
Water
Apply liquidmanure
when
plantsare in flower.
Remove
round
Bulbs
Impobted
:
injured scales " surTbeatment
of
in shallow
box
refuse
bulbs with thin layer of cocoauut-fibre
in cool positionuntil latter become
plump,then plant out. Transplant
Lilies should
in Aug. or Sept.; others in Oct. or Nov.
L. candidum
unhealthy.
when
only be transplanted
CULTURE
POT
"
sand.
placing one
bulb
of
decayed
L.
and
10 in.
three
"
crrowth
window
begins, then
or
cool
room
moderately when
Top-dress with compost
Water
manure
when
shoots
to
remove
of greenhouse or to a
until June, then stand outdoors.
in full growth.
begins; freelywhen
are
growth
equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " decayed
in3
high, filling
pots to within 4 in. of rim.
of
241
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Suitable
twice weekly to plants in full growth.
or
Soot- water, gruano-water (J oz. to a gallon),liquidcow
Temp, for forcing L. Harrisi, L. neilgherense," L.
philippense,55" to 65 '^, Repot L. Harrisi annually in Sept.; others in
Oct. or Nov., " treat as advised for first potting. After flowering,
place
water, " keep
plants in sunny positionoutdoors, gradually withhold
It. Harrisi should, however, never
be kept
quite dry from Oct. to Feb.
pagate
Proquite dry, only moderately for six weeks, then watered as beforeboxes of
1-16 in. deep in well-drained
or
pans
by seeds sown
or
seedlings
spring,
sandy soil in cold frame in autumn
when
large enough to handle into similar soil in boxes, " in specially
prepared bed outdoors when two years old; offsets or bulbils, planted
of sandy soil, or
in
inch deep " 2 or
3 inches apart in boxes
an
cold frame
autumn.
similar soil in sunny
m
Seedlings flower when
three to five years old.
six to seven
years old ; offsets or bulbils when
Apply liquidmanure
stimulants
horse manure.
transplanting
"
under
Those
best grown
L. longifloram Hairiei
gla^s are
:
to Bunmier"
3 ft., Japan;
(Bermada
Lily), white, winter
nepalense,
yellow and purple, autumn, 3 to 4 ft., Nepaul; neilgherense, sulphur-yellow, autumn,
3 ft., Nilghirisj sulphureum
superbum), sulphur-yellow and
(Syn. Wallichianum
3 ft.,Japan;
6 ft., Burma;
wallichianum, white, summer,
brown, summer,
philippinwhite, Aug., 2 ft.,Philippines.
ense,
4 to 5 ft.,
HARDY
SFEOIES:
L. auratum,
white, yellow, and purple, summer,
rarieties, platyphyllum, virginale, Wittei, etc.; Browni,
Japan, and its numerous
and
white
and brown,
3 to 4 ft., China
Japan; Bolanderi, purple and red,
summer,
3 ft., N. America;
3 ft.,Oalifornia; canadense, yellow and
red, summer,
Bummer,
Bourbon
3 ft., Europe;
candidum
or
bulbiferum,
red, summer,
(Madonna
Lily),
3 ft., 8. Europe;
3 ft., Garniolia;
chalcarniolicum, red, summer,
white, summer,
3 ft.,Greece ; concolor, red, summer,
rcdonicum
(Turk's Cap Lily), scarlet,summer,
2 to 3 ft., Japan;
oroceum
oordifolium, white, Aug., 3 ft., Japan;
(Orange Lily),
June, 3 ft.,8. Europe; Dalhousoni, purple, summer,
5ft., hybrid; dauricum
orange,
(Syn. daTuricum), yellow, red, and black, June, 3 ft.,Siberia; elegans (Syn. thunbergianum), scarlet, July, 1 to 2 ft., Japan, and its numerous
Tarieties; giganteum
(Giant Lily), white, July, 10 to 12 ft., Himalayas;
Hansoni, yellow, June, 3 to 4 ft.,
Japan; Henry), orange-yellow, July, 6 to 10 ft., W. China; Humboldti, yellow and
purple, July, 5 ft., Oalifornia; japouicum, rase, summer,
2^ ft., Japan, and its
varieties Alexandra
(white) and Colchesteri ; longiflorum, white, June, 3 ft.,Japan ;
and
I/eichtlini, yellow and purple, July, 3 ft., Japan; Lowil, white
violet, summer,
3 ft., Burma;
3 ft., Europe;
Marta(Turk's Cap Lily), purple, summer,
Martagon
white ; monadelphum
album,
Bzovitzianum,
yellow, June, 4 ft., Caucasus ;
gon
pardalinum (Panther Lily), orange -crimson, July, 4 to 6 ft., California; Parryi,
3 ft., California;
yellow, summer,
yellow, July, 4 ft., California; pomparTum,
3 ft., Lombardy;
ponium (Scarlet Fompono
Lily), red, summer,
pyrenaicum, yellow,
3 ft., Pyrenees;
layas;
roseum
(Syn. thomsonianum)
lilao, spring, 18 in., HimaBummer,
white
rubellum, pink, May, 1 to 2 ft., Japan; spccioeum (Syn. lancifolium^,
3 ft., Japan, and
and
its varieties album
pomene,
Melred, summer,
Eraetzeri, crueutum,
testaceum
roseum
maoranthrum,
superbum and rubrum;
(Nankeen
Lily),
4 to 6 ft.; superbum
yellow, summer,
(Swamp
Lily), ora.nge and crimson, summer,
6 ft.,U. States; tenuifolium, scarlet, summer,
1 ft.,Siberia; tigrinnm (Tiger Lily),
3 to 5 ft., Japan, and
its varieties
flore pleno
red, and black, sammer,
orange,
(double), Fortunei, and splendens; umbellatum,
red, June, 3 ft.; and waBuingtonianum,
white, July, 4 ft., Oalifornia.
Lily, See L'ilium.
Convallaria.
Lily of the
Valiey.~See
Lily Tiiorn
(Catesbaea spinosa). See Catesbaea.
Lily Tree
(Magnolia conspicua). See Magnolia.
or
TENDER
eziminm
SPECIES
"
"
"
"
Lime-fruit-tree
"
"
CULTURE
OF
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
242
Soil,loam
" leaf-mould.
BNOTCLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
OF
hardy speciesby
seeds
sown
in
mud
in
division
spring or
of roots
in
summer,
S.
March.
GEEBNHOrSE
SPECIES:
L. humboldtiauum,
America.
HARDT
SPECIES
L. peltatum
:
(Syn. Tillarsia
Europe, the Fringed Backbean
or
Fringed Water
Limnanthes.
Ord.
Geraniaceae.
introduced
1833.
"
First
CULTURE
beds,
Soil, ordinary.
rockeries.
white
and
yellow,
nymphieoides). yellow,
Lily.
Nat.
annual,
Hardy
Position, in
edges
masses,
to
Bummer,
fornia.
Cali-
sunny
on
SPECIES
and
CULTIVATED
white, April
to
LimnOCharis.
introduced
First
Sow
L.
Sept.,
"
for
alba, white,
ft., fragrant;
Ord.
summer,
rosea,
Alismaceae.
6
rose,
to
in.
summer,
Stove
Douglasii, yellow
1 ft.
aquatic perennials.
1822.
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts sandy loam, one
part leaf-mould
sand.
Position, in shallow tubs, cisterns, or aquariums. Plant, 6
to
to 9 in. below
surface
of water, in March
or
April. Temp., March
seeds
sown
60"
60".
50"
70"
to
March
to
to
by
Propagate
Sept.
; Sept.
in soil below water
in March
or
April; division of plants in AprilSPECIES
CULTIVATED
: L. emarginata
(Syn. Plumeri), yellow, July, S. America.
See
also the
Hydrocleie.
genus
"
Linaria
(Toad-flax). Ord.
"
trailingperennial
herbs "
PERENNIAL
Scrophulariaceae.Hardy
shrubby
or
annuals.
SPECIES
OF
:
Soil,ordinary, mixed with
rockeries
moist
old
mortar.
or
Position,
margin of borders for
grit
or
L. alpina,L. pilosa,L. crassifolia," L. organifolia
shady
; sunny
borders
for L. dalmatica, L. purwalls for L. cymbalaria; open sunny
purea,
or
L. vulgaris," L. triornithophora.Plant, Oct., Nov., March
CULTURE
or
AprilSPECIES
Position, sunny
ANNUAL
; Soil,ordinary.
ing
Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in patches in April,for flowerL.
tristis,a pretty
in summer;
in Aug., for floweringin spring.
dwarf
annual
for beds or rockeries.
L. CYMBALARIA:
CULTURE
OF
POT
Compost, two parts loam,
dried
old mortar, " sand.
of
cow
of
manure,
one
equal
proportions
part
or
Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in 3 or 5 in. pots in March
April. Place pots
in shady window
or
greenhouse until seedlings appear, then remove
CULTURE
beds
or
OF
borders.
wards;
Water
moderately at first,freelyafterlight" suspend in a basket.
winter.
This
is
a
species
perennial.
during
keep nearly dry
in ordinary soil in sunny
Propagate perennial speciesby seeds sown
division
in Oct. or Aprilin
outdoors
or
March,
April;
Sept.,
position
to
18 in., Europe
L. aparinoides, yellow and
black, summer,
:
1 ft.,
and
white, summer,
bipartita, red, -violet,purple,, rose
6 in.,Algiers;
Algeria; multipunotata, or Brousonetti, yellow and brown, summer,
2 to 4 ft.,Portugal.
reticulata, purple and yellow, summer,
L.
6 in.,
SPECIES:
alpina, blue, -violet,and
yellow, summer,
PERENNIAL
Mother
o' Millions},
or
lilac, summer,
(Ivy-leaved Toad-flax
Alps ; Cymbalaria
3 to 5 ft., Dalmatia;
pallida, blue,
trailing, Britain; dalmatica, yellow, summer,
brown,
trailing,Spain ;
3
summer,
in., Italy ; saxatilis, yellow and
summer,
1 ft., Portugal;
vulgaris (Common
triornithophora, purple and yellow, summer,
2 ft., Britain.
Toad-flax),yellow, summer,
ANNUAL
and
N.
SPECIES
Africa;
243
GARDMNING.
OF
ENOTOLOP^DIA
LIndclOfla
perennial herb.
1839.
introduced
First
j
borders.
well-drained
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
or
April. Cut off flower stems, Sept. Apply
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
,
CULTURE:
liquid
weak
into
manure
dig
occasionallyduring floweringperiod,or
manure
base
of
of soil round
in
in.
1-16
sown
deep
surface
transplantingseedlingsfollowing
May,
or
cayed
de-
or
plantsin March
sandy soil in sunny
Aug.
or
L.
UULTIYATEDi
SPECIES
"
SPECIES
Lindsaya.
"
j
Fronds,
two
one
tion,
Posicrocks, charcoal, " sand.
part equal proportionsof broken
under
wardian
or
bell-glasses.
case,
moist shady part of stove, in
dantly
abunWater
Feb. or March.
well-drained
in
pots,
firmly
very
March
to
Sept.
Temp.,
March
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
one
Pot
55"
sandy peat, in
65",
at any
Lins
pans
on
to
L.
Zealand
6 in.,
triohomanoides,
See Calluna.
Caprifoliaceae.Hardy
(Twin-flower).Ord.
(Calluna vulgaris).
"
Linnsea
trailing
"
Evergreen.
floweringshrub.
CULTURE:
as
well-drained
55".
to
time-
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
Zealand.
New
Water
50"
to
fine
or
ing
layer-
-,-,
ferns.
Greenhouse
evergreen
1813.
introduced
First
arrow-shaped.
Filices.
Ord.
Compost,
to Nov.
feather, kidney, or
CULTURE
Oct.
edgings to beds of N.
freelyin dry weather.
rockeries
Plant, Oct.
moist
shrubs.
American
or
to
banks,
March.
two
C QLTURE
: Compost,
parts peat " one part leaf-mould "
well-drained
little silver sand.
Position,
pots, with shoots trained to
in cool or unheated
in
baskets
trellises or stakes, or suspended
house
greento Oct.,
Water
frame.
or
freelyMarch
Pot, Feb. or March.
Propagate by division of plants in Oct- or
moderately afterwards.
POT
March.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
N.
Europe
Linum
L.
borealis, white
(Flax; Linseed
annuals, perennials" shrubs.
OF
CULTURE
beds or borders.
plants are
CULTURE
sunny
to
and
to
July,
(Scotland).
ANNUAL
Sow seeds
Oil
Plant).
"
Hardy
Linacese.
Ord.
SPECIES
; Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny
where
in.
\
deep in April,in lines or masses
required to flower.
SPECIES
rockeries, borders, or banks.
OF
PERENNIAL
Plant,
Oct.
to
Dec,
or
Position,
Feb.
April.
CULTURE
OF
HARDY
SHRUBBY
Position, warm
244
SPECIES:
sheltered
or
bor-
ENOYOLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
OF
XT. States.
Liquorice-plant
Liriodendron
layering in
SPECIES
Ainerioa.
"
Oct. to Nov.
CULTIVATED:
L.
to
Aug.,
SO
to
100
ft., N.
Lissochilus.
Stove terrestrial orchids.
First introduced
1818CTTLTURE
: Compost,
equal parts fibrous loam, leaf-mould, " silver
sand.
moist part
Position, shallow pans or well-drained
pots in warm
of stove
the
"
cool
when
at
rest.
Pot,
during
growing period,
part
Feb. or March.
Water
freelyMarch to Sept.,moderately Sept. to Nov.,
"
keeping (juite
dry Nov. to March.
Apply weak liquidmanure
March
to Oct. 65" to 75"; Oct.
days during growth. Temp.,
every ]0
March
60" to 65".
March
to
Oct-; restingperiod, Oct. to
Growing period,
March.
Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbs,Feb. or March.
L. giganteus, pinic,yellow and
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
10 to
purple, autnmn,
16 ft.. River
Congo; Krebsii, brown, purple and yellow. May to Oct., 3 ft.. Natal;
speciosuB, yellow, June, 3 ft., Cape of Good
Hope.
Ord.
Litiiospernriunn
Boragiuaceae.
(Gromwell).
Hardy
dwarf
trailingevergreen floweringshrubs " perennials.
CULTURE
: Soil,sandy
ders
or
loamy. Position, margins of sunny borto
"
or
ledges of
on
L.
sunny
prostratum
April.
cries.
Propagate seeds
an
sown
rockeries.
or
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
excellent plant for draping stones
rockon
1-16 in. deep in well-drained
pots of sandy
Oct.; layeringshoots
Aug., Sept.,or
in Sept.
yellow, July, 1 ft., N, America;
Gastoni,
1 ft., Pyrenees;
blue, summer,
gramlnifolium, blue, .Tune to Aug., 1 ft., Italy;
prostratum
(Gromwell), blue, summer,
trailing, S. Europe ; purpureo-CfCrulcum
bluish purple, June
and
July, 1 ft., Europe.
Lithy-tree
(Viburnum lantana). See Viburnum.
SPECIES
CDLTIVATBD:
L.
canosoens,
"
Littonia.
Ord.
Liliaceae.
Greenhouse
herbaceous
perennial
climber.
First introduced
1853.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part each of leaf-mould,
"
silver
sand.
peat,
Position, well-drained pots or bed in warm
house.
greenPot or plant, March.
Train
shoots
Water
up roof or wall.
freelyduring spring " summer,
" winter.
moderately autumn
Syringe
" evening during earlyperiod of
morning
growth. Plant likes plenty
of sunshine.
to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept- to March
Temp., March
50" to
60
Propagate by division of the plant at potting time.
SPECIES
CULTIVlTED:
L. modesta, orange,
April, 3 toi ft.. S. Africa.
*
'
Live-Ions:
(Sedum
teleDhiumV--SeR
ins
(Sedum
telephium).-^SeesJnm
Sedum.
"
246
bnoyolopjbdia
Liver
oabdenino.
of
Leaf
"
Orn.
"
CTTLTUEE
Compost, two
Position, well-drained
pots
parts loam,
in
warm
one
sand.
doors
out-
Llavea.
Ord.
"
Filices.
Stove
evergreen
First
fern.
introduced
Fronds,
to 80" at any
SPECIES
time.
OULTITATED
L.
"
and
CULTIVATED:
L.
SPECIES
June, 6 in., Britain
alpina, white
green,
(Snowdon).
Greenhouse
" half-hardy
Loasa
(ChillNettle). Ord. Loasaceae.
1822.
annual
climbing " twining plant. First introduced
CULTURE
Sow
seeds 1-16 in. deep in light mould
in
OUTDOOE
:
in
65"
in
March.
in.
3
Feb.
or
Transplant
seedlings
singly
pots
temp.
in temp. 55" till June, then plant outdoors.
when
1 in- high, " grow
walls or fences.
Soil, ordinary.
Position, againstsunny
seeds
above.
CfULTURE:
Sow
INDOOR
as
Transplant seedlings
in.
when
into
in.
6
5
into
and
in.
3
size,or place three
high
pots,
singly
two
8 in. size.
in an
loam,
one
parts sandy
part leaf -mould
Compost,
wire trellis or stakes inserted in the soil.
Train
shoots round
" sand.
Water
sionally
occaApply stimulants
moderately at first,freelyafterwards.
55"
65".
to
All
the
to plantsin bloom.
Temp.,
speciesare
not be touched
furnished
with stinginghairs, " hence should
by naked
"
hands.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Blumenbachia.
L.
to
10
ft.. Chili.
See
also
Lobelia
half-hardy herbaceous
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
moist
Position, sunny
"
Campanulaceae-
Hardy
"
introduced
1629.
SPECIES
:
Soil, ordinary rich.
OP
HARDY
borders.
Plant, Oct., March
or
April.
On
cold,
cool greenhouse^,March
little Oct. to March,
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA
till
past flowering,then
Water
outdoors.
very
to
freely afterwards.
AugOULTUEE
OF
Position,
: Soil, ordinary.
to
to
June
as
Oct.
55",
edgings
;
temp.
Oct.
Plant, June, 3 to 6 in. apart. Lift
SPECIES
HALF-HAEDY
to
to
in greenhouse to furnish
before
lifting.
fortnight
spring.
" sand.
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts good soil,leaf-mould
plants in
Sept.,place in
cuttingsin
POT
Cut
kinds
in
Position, dwarf
baskets, in shady or sunny
Water
freely in
plants
in
in.
pots, "
trailing kinds
window.
greenhouse
other times.
moderately
in
pots
Apply stimulants
by
or
to July.
Pot, March
or
summer,
flower.
or
store
seeds
to
sown
in cold frame
in Sept- or Oct.,
loam " leaf-mould
in temp. 55" in March
of
shoots
inserted
in small pots in
or
; cuttings
55"
division
in
in
March.
Half-hardy speciesby seeds
temp.
sj)ring;
in heat
in Feb., transplanting seedlings2 in. apart in boxes,
sown
hardening off in cold frame, " planting out in May ; cuttings of young
shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75" in spring; division in
March
or
April.
HARDY
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
L. cardinalis
(Cardinal Flower), scarlet, snmblue,
fulgens, scarlet, May, 1 to 3 ft.. Mexico;
raer, S ft., N. America;
syphilitica,
July, 2 to 3 ft., N. America;
Gerardi, violet, July, 3 to 4 ft.,hybrid; splendene,
scarlet, 2 to 3 ft., N. America.
PERENNIAL
HALF-HARDY
SPECIES
:
CaTanilleeii,red, July, 2 to 3 ft..Chili ;
6 in.,parent of bedding varieties,S. Africa ;
Erlnua, blue, blue and white, summer,
Erinus
than
6 to 12 in.,stronger and
the type.
more
ramosa,
straggly growers
Lobster-flower
(Euphorbia pulcherrima). See Euphorbia.
1-16
in.
deep in sandy
"
Locks
See Dicentra.
(Dicentra spectabilis).
See
Robina.
(Robina pseudacacia).-
and
Locust
Keys
Tree
"
"
Loganberry."
See
Rubus.
Loiseleurea
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Azalea
prooumbens.
L.
prooumbens,
rose,
July
to
Aug., N.
EricacesB.
rockeries.
Nov.
Europe.
Syn.
Lomaria
(Deer Pern). Ord. Filices. Tree " dwarf
evergreen
ferns.
Stove, greenhouse, " hardy.
CULTURE
STOVE
OF
SPECIES
: Compost, equal parts loam, leafmould, peat, " sand.
Position, pots, beds, or rockeries in shady part
of stove.
Pot or plant, Feb.
March.
Water
or
abundantly April to
Sept.,moderately afterwards.
Temp., March to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept.
60" to 70"
to March
Syringe tree speciestwice daily,Feb. to Sept.
CULTURE
OF
GREENHOUSE
aboveSPECIES
Pot,
: Compost, as
March
or
April. Position, pots, beds, or rockery in shady part of
house.
Water
to
Oct., moderately Oct. to March.
freely March
Syringe as advised for stove species. Temp., March to Sept. 55" to 65";
Sept.to March 50" to 55".
CULTURE
OP
HARDY
SPECIES
:
Soil, two parts sandy peat, one
" pounded limestone.
Plant,
Position, shady rockeries.
part loam
"
Oct.
to
very
severe
Water
weatherpans in
April.
well-drained
plants,Oct.
or
Protect
on
fine
L.
alpina in
sandy peat
speciesby
division
in
of
ENCTCL0P.T1DIA
OASDENINQ.
OF
SPECIES
Platyptera
and
L.
rosea;
"
glaucous.
or
Position,
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, " sand.
to
Feb.
well-drained
April. Prune
pots in sunny airygreenhouse. Pot,
into shape when
Water
Feb.
moderately Sept. to April,
necessary,
wards.
Ventilate
freelyafterwardsfreelyApril to Sept., moderately after55".
45"
to
March
March
to Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to
Temp.,
Wales;
in
sandy
elegantissima,8 ft,.
Poplar
"
"
"
"
SPECIES
CULTURE
OF TWINING
: Soil, rich
ordinary. Position,
in
kinds ; fences, walls, or arbors
W. walls or fences for evergreen
or
kinds.
Plant, Oct. to April. Top-dress with
any aspect for deciduous
L.
in
JMarch
fragrantissima
or
manure
April. Prune
well-decayed
shoots of preother
kinds
in
after
Feb.,
shortening
vious
slightly
flowering;
in
Water
of
base.
in.
within
to
1
3
dry
freely
or
year'sgrowth
in
to
summer,
weak
manure
weather.
occasionally
liquid
Apply
S-
healthy plants.
POT
CULTURE:
part leafCompost, two parts sandy loam, one
Dec.
to
saud.
Oct.
"
Position,
Pot,
mould
or
well-decayedmanure
to
Nov.
warm
cold frame
Feb.;
greenhouse, Feb- to
or
greenhouse,
Nov.
Water
June
to
freely,Feb. to Oct. ;
June; sunny place outdoors,
stimulants
occasionallywhen in flower.
Apply
moderately afterwards.
2 in. of base in June.
within
1
shoots
to
or
Prune
previous year's
GREENHOUSE
IN
SEMPERTIRENS
: Compost,
L.
CULTURE
OP
Position, small wellPlant, Oct. to March.
for pot culture.
same
as
drained
bed, or tub with shoots trained up rafter or trellis. Prune
slightlyafter flowering.
afterwardsTemp., March
to
to Sept.,moderately
freely March
40"
Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
Water
to
50".
CULTURE
OF
SHRUBBY
SPECIES
Soil,ordinary. Position,
open
weak
shady
Feb.
with
or
decayed manure,
growths only, Dec. to Feb.
in.
inserted
in
firm
8
of
shoots,
March.
cuttings
long,
Propagate by
in
in
"
outdoors
Oct.
Nov.
sheltered
or
cocoasoil
in
;
position
sandy
or
nut-fibre refuse " silver saud in pots in cold frame
greenhouse; layering
shrubberies.
or
shoots, Aug.
to
Oct.
Mulch
Plant,
to
March.
Prune
away
Nov.
and
L. Caprifolium (Goat-leaf
SPECIES:
Honeysuckle), yellow, May
8 to 10 ft.,
or
yellow, sununer,
(Britain)
; confusa, white
June, 10 to 15 ft.,Europe
8 to 10 ft., Europe;
flava, yellow, June,
.Japan; etrusca, purple and yellow. May,
TWIMNG-
10 ft., N.
249
mNCYOLOPMBlA
with
to
May
white
10
EVENING.
OA
to Sept.,
Honeysuckle), red and yellow, June
(Evergreen Honeyfiuckle), scarlet and yellow.
America
only in S. of England ; Standisliii,
; hardy
10 ft., China;
tartarica, rosy, April and May, 8 to
(Oommon
yellow; Periolymennm
10 ft., Britain;
sempervirens
to
OF
10
Aug.,
and
to
15
ft., N.
purple, spring,
8 to
ft., Siheria.
SHRUBBY
SPEOIBS:
L. alpigena, red, April and
May, 6 ft., Europe; angustibella, rosy yellow, April and
folia,yellow, April and May, 4 to 6 ft., Himalayas;
May, 4 to 6 ft., hybrid; Morrowii,
yellow, June, 4 to 6 ft,, Japan; Xylosteum
(Flag Honeysuckle), yellow. May and June, 4 to 6 ft., Europe.
Loofah
Gourd
(Luffaoigyptica).See Iiuffa.
Loosestrifep
See Lysimachia and Lythrum.
First introduced
Ord. Onagraceaa. Hardy annuals.
Lopezia.
"
"
"
1804.
CULTURE
seeds sown
1-16
SPECIES
CULTITATED
borders.
Propagate ty
lines where
plants are
to 65" in March, transplanting
"
"
"
"
Cephalotaxus.
Loropetaiunii
shrubs, adapted
OUTDOOR
sheltered
after
"
for
Ord. Hamamelideae.
outdoor
and cold
Hardy
greenhouse
deciduous
culture.
ing
flower-
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary,light,rich.
Position,
borders.
Prune
to maintain
Plant, Oct. to Febgood
warm
shape
flowering.
GREENHOUSE
CULTURE:
liberal
a
part leaf-mould,
greenhouse;
sunny
"
must
Compost,
of sand.
amount
be forced.
not
two
freelybetween
Water
March
in
frame
in
cold frame
at any time.
SPECIES
spring or
CULTIVATED:
summer
L.
sinonse, white,
autumn
winter, 3
to
cold
to
ft.,
China.
Lotus
(Bird's-foot
Trefoil).Ord.
hardy perennials.
"
CULTURE
loam, one
Pot, Feb-
Apply
OP
SPECIES
Greenhouse
"
weak
Sept. 55"
GREENHOUSE
Leguminosa?.
to
stimulants
to
healthy plants m
45* to 55".
flower.
Temp.,
March
to
CULTURE
OF
HARDY
SPECIES
:
Soil, ordinaryrich.
Position,
rockeries
elevated
beds.
or
Plant, March
or
sunny
April. This
speciesmakes a verj pretty rock plant. Propagate greenhouse species
1-16 m.
by seeds sown
deep in sandy soil in well-drained
pot or pan in
55"
65"
in
to
March
or
April; cuttingsof shoots inserted in welltemp.
drained
in
pots of sandy soil under bell-glass
55" to 65" in summer.
temp.
Hardy
are
speciesby
requiredto grow;
seeds
division
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
L.
:
ft.. Canaries.
HAEDT
SPECIES
oorniculatufl
: L.
ing, Britain.
2
.
1-16
(Bird's-footTrefoil),yellow,
250
summer,
plants
summer,
creen- '^
MNOrCLOPMBlA
Lotus
OF
GARDENING.
Lotus-tree
"
"
"
thus.
Love
Pea
Lovie-tree
Luculiai
"
orn.
"
"
Ord.
Rubiacese.
foliage.
First
Greenhouse
introduced
1823.
evergreen
sbrubs.
ing
Flower-
CULTTJEE:
"
"
"
"
introduced
CULTUEE
sunny
1596.
OF
SHEUBBY
rockeries
or
open
PEEENNIALS
sheltered
251
borders.
Plant,
Oct.
or
tion,
Posi-
April.
Protect, Nov.
GARDENING.
OF
ENOYOLOP^DIA
to
April,with
OF
HERBACEOUS
bracken
layer of
or
litter around
^
GtTLTURE
Position, open
PERENNIALS:
Plant,
borders.
partially-shaded
or
sunny
of
base
Oct., Nov.,
transplanting
plants in April.
; division of
SPECIES:
SHRUBBY
Aug.
L. arboreus
3 to
alba, white.
4 ft. ; arboreua
SPECIES
HERBAOEOTTS
L.
Peru;
ANNUAL
2 ft., hybrid;
hybridus, crimson, summer,
Sept., 2 ft., Mexico, really a perennial,
densiflorus
annual;
(Syn. Menziesii), yellow, fragrant, Aug.,
an
3 to 4 ft.,
mutabilis, white, blue, and yellow, fragrant, summer,
subcarnosus, blue and
1 ft., California;
lilac and
blue, summer,
SPECIES."
Colombia; nanus,
yellow, summer,
ft., Texas
to
blue
ele^ana,
tricolor
Orchidaceae.
Ord.
First introduced
orchids.
Lycaste.'
deciduous
CULTURE
with
moss,
L. atroooooineus
and rose,
Aug.
white,
and
summer,
greenhouse,
Warm
"
evergreen,
ft.
"
1790.
"
chopped sphagnum
April 45"
to
to
Feb.
when
in
restingperiod,Oct.
cool
conservatory
to
55".
Plants
flower.
Growing period,Feb.
to
March;
in sitting-room or
grown
of new
Flowers
at base
appear
form.
Propagate by division of
may
be
begins to
pseudo-bulb
pseudo-bulbsimmediatelyafter flowering.
when
latter
L. aromatica,
June, 1 ft., Mexieo ;
CULTIVATED
yellow and orange,
SPECIES
:
to July, 1 ft., Mexico
; macropurple, yellow, and crimson, March
Deppei, green,
brown,
and
measuresiana,
crimson,
winter, Bolivia ; maorophylla
phylla, white
to
Oct,
crimson,
Skinneri, white, rose, and
white, and, purple, winter;
green,
Skinneri
alba, white;
white, purple,
tetragona, green,
March, 1 ft., Guatemala;
1 ft., Brazil.
and
crimson, fragrant, summer,
Ord.
Lychnis
(Campion; German
Catchfly;Rose Campion).
Caryophyllacese.Hardy annuals "_perennials.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
for L.
CULTURE
OF
: Soil, lightrich loam
alpina " L. Lagascae; open dryish beds, borders, or banks for other
Cut down
flower stems
species. Plant, Oct. to Deo. " Feb. to May.
Nov.
" L. vespertinain Oct. or
of L. chalcedonica
Top-dress border
in March
or
Ajiril.Apply weak
species with well-decayed manure
occasionallyto border specieswhen in flower. Lift "
liquidmanure
replantborder species every other year.
SPECIES
OF ANNUAL
CULTURE
; Soil, ordinary. Position,sunny
in borders.
in March
Sow
beds or edgings to or masses
or
April for
for
Sept.
floweringPropagate
summer
spring
by seeds
blooming;
soil
in
outdoors
in.
in
March
in
or
light
position
deep
\
sown
sunny
."
252
for
plants
two
wide,
12 in.
deep.
Cultural
"GARDENING.
OF
ENOrOLOPMIlIA
wide,
9 in.
deep ; for
deep,
18 in.
long;
for
four
plants 18
in.
eightplants18 in.
Half-fill with
details same
manure.
no
IN
OTJLTTJEE
on
Place compost in ridge 18 in. wide " 12 in. high in centre
staging
front of house, or in beds on floor 2 ft. wide " 18 in. deep, enclosed
near
3ft.
Plant
with dry bricks or turves.
12 in. apart for single stems;
Eemove
all side shoots from
stems.
singlestem,
apart for 3 or more
also any
that issue from
the side of the three-stemmed
plants- Water
stimulants
till
fruit
little
has
then
set,
only when
freely.
Apply
very
Fertilise as for pot plants. Ventilate
fruit has formed.
freelywhen
temp, reaches 90". Top-dress when several bunches of fruit have formed
for pot plants. Temp., Feb. to
with similar compost to that advised
June., 55" to 65".
Syringing unnecessary.
CULTUEE
: Compost
WINTEE
beds.
or
Sow
seed
sparingly. Apply
to
one
or
three
in June.
stimulants
to
only
Dry
stems.
as
above.
Plant
or
to
Water
Aug. or Sept.
plants bearing freely. Train
pot,
atmosphere
necessary
to
flowers
ensure
65".
tion,
PosiCULTUEE
; Soil, ordinary, not
recentlymanured.
in.
12
S.
W.
walls
in
or
or
or
fences,
Plant,
June,
against
open.
walls
each
in
Train
"
2
to
ft.
one
apart against
apart
way
open.
Place
stout
stakes to plants in open.
stem, removing all side shoots.
Apply stimulants when fruit has set. Plants should bear their first
old.
fruit
11 weeks
when
Average yield of fruit: Single-stemmed
lb.
6
to
8
in
in.
10
plant
pot,
; in beds, 7 to 10 lb. ; outdoors, 4 to 6 lb.
lb.
8
tc
15
Triple-stemmed,
OUTDOOE
Market
Cultube
Best
of
type
house
Span-roof (15
to
25 ft.
Mode
of
of twine
stake.
or
a bamboo
Manures
loam.
barrow-load
of dung, 12 oz. of superSoil : Good
: One
phosphate,
of kainit to each three square
" 6 oz.
yards before planting.
of plants grown
in pots after third truss Tias set;
Stop main stems
others when
they reach the roof. Plant firmly. Best results obtained
from
after third
plants reared from seed. Soil should be removed
to
Oct.
5s.
to
Feb.
to
Jan.,
6s. to
prices:
6s.;
Average
May,
crop.
12s. ; May to Sept.,3s. to 5s. per 12 lb.
Suitable
two
parts
Mantjees
nitrate
fob
of
Tomatoes:
soda,
two
rows
1. Cue
parts
2 ft. asunder.
part nitrate
double
of
potash,
superphosphate
USEFUL
DATA
Seeds
germinate in
254
10
to 12
days.
One
ounce
of
MNOYOLOPMBIA
OULTIVATBB:
L.
Lycopodium
diaceae.
GARDENING.
OF
will
retain
germinating powers
cuttings.
esoulcnteum.
Stove
"
OULTUEE
CULTURE
OF
HARDY
SPECIES:
bed on
open
sunny
Water
freelyin dry weather.
CULTURE
SPECIES
OF HARDY
Position, low
WARDIAN
CASES
Compost,
liberal
Bed
to be well drained.
tufa.
Plant,
twice
week
a
Feb. to April. Water
once
or
a
April to Sept., once
month
Dec. to April. Syringe or dew
a
fortnightSept. to Dec, once
Ventilate a little daily.
from
sun.
over
daily April to Oct. Shade
to
Feb.
division,
by
April.
Propagate
Indies ; vertioilla1 ft.,India ; taxif olium, W.
STO vE SPECIES
: L.
s(iuarrosum,
tum, Tropics.
L. claTatum
HAEDT
SPECIES:
(Club or Stag's-horn Moss), creeping, Britain;
See also the genus
Selaginella.
Selago (Fir Club Moss), 3 in., Britain.
ing
flowerLycOris
(Golden Lily)^ Ord. AmaryllidaceiB. Greenhouse
1758.
First introduced
Deciduous.
bulbs.
two
parts peat,
quantity of
part leaf-mould,
one
limestone
part charcoal,
one
"
chips or
"
CULTURE
of
two
"
leaf-mould
cow
afterwards
two-thirds
of their depth. Water
moderately from time
bulbs
about
flowers
show till leaves appear, then freely
; keep quitedry after leaves
65".
Place
pots from April to
fade.
Temp., Sept. to April 55" to
Sept. in light sunny cool position. Propagate by offsets treated as
Dec.
OTJLTITATBD
bulbs, Sept. to
SPECIES
OMna;
China
white); squamigera,
aurea
japouica
ft.,
in.,
and
Filices.
Stove " greenhouse
1793.
introduced
First
evergreen.
(ClimbingFern)." Ord.
Lygodium
climbing
rosy
L.
and
Amarjrllis radiata), scarlet,June, 18
alba
varieties
(white), and Tariegata (orimson
2 ft,,Japan,
lilac, fragrant, summer,
radiata
(Syn, Nerine
its
and
and
Japan;
ferns.
Deciduous
"
or
hand-shaped.
temp.
Lyonia."
Ord. Ericacese.
1748.
Hardy-floweringshrubs.
First introduced
255
Evergreen.
ENCYCLOPJUDIA
CULTURE:
Sept.
to
seeds
sown
frame
or
SPECIES
8
Soil, peaty.
Nov.
on
"
Feb.
greenhouse
OARDENlNd.
Position, moist
borders.
shady
Plant,
Propagate by
April. Pruning unnecessary.
sandy peat under bell-glassin shade in cold
Oct. or April; layeringshoots, Sept. or Oct.
to
surface
OULTIVATED:
America.
ft., N.
OF
of
in
L.
ligustnna
Shell-flovwer
(Chelone Lyoni). See Chelone.
Lyon's
Lyre-tree
(Liriodendroutulipifera).See Liriodendron.
Lysimachia.
(Yellow Loose-strife; CreepingJenny ; Yellow
to
"
"
"
Ord.
Primulaceae.
Hardy
erect
or
herbaceous
creeping
pernel).
Pimnials.
peren-
tion,
Posi: Soil, ordinary rich.
streams.
Oct.
of
or
Plant,
shady borders, margins
ponds
Nov.
down
Cut
flower
to April.
stems,
JENNY.
CREEPING
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
OF
Soil, ordinary.
of
moist
rockeries
or
beds, ponds, or streams.
Position,
margins
shady
to
March
June.
Plant,
two parts good ordinary soil or loam,
CULTURE
INDOOR
: Compost,
cocoanut-fibre
or
refuse, " one
one
part leaf-mould, decayed manure
well-drained
baskets
Position,
suspended in shady
pots or
part sand.
Water
to
cool
March
window
or
May.
freelyApril
greenhouse. Pot,
to
to Sept.,moderately Sept.
Dec, keep nearly dry Dec. to April.
ceous
Apply stimulants once or twice a week May to Aug. Propagate herbaof
division
March.
to
Dec, or
plants Oct.
Creeping
speciesby
to May.
Jenny by division, March
2' ft., Greece;
L.
HERBACEOUS
SPECIES:
atropui-purea, purple, summer,
3 ft.,
white, summer,
cletbroides, white, July to Sept., 3 ft., Japan; ephemerum,
18 m.,
N. America;
S. Europe;
lanceolata, yellow, summer,
punctata
(Syn. Terticiland
1 ft., Europe
July, 3 ft.,N.
; thyrsiflora,yellow, June
lata), yellow, summer,
Europe;
vulgaris (Yellow Loose-strife),yellow, July and August, 3 ft., Britain.
L. nemorum
SPECIES
CREEPING
(Yellow Pimpernel), yellow, May to July,
:
Britain; L. nummularia
(Creeping Jenny), yellow, June to Sept., Britain; nummu
laria aurea
(Golden Creeping Jenny), golden leaved.
Lythrum
(Purple Loose-strife; Willow-weed). Ord. Lythracese.
" shrubby perennials.
Hardv
herbaceous
CUt/TURE
gins
Position, moist shady borders or mar: Soil, ordinary.
streams.
of ponds or
Plant, Oct. to Dec. or Feb. to April. Out
in Nov.
Water
down
flower stems
Top-dress
freely in dry weather.
March
with well-decayed manure,
or
April, lift, divide, and replaut
Propagate by division of plants,Oct. or April.
every third year.
SPECIES
CULTITATED;
L. alatum, purple, July to Oct.. 2 to 4 ft.,N. America;
Salicaria
Loose-strife),reddish purple, July 3 to 4 ft., Britain, and its
(Common
and
varieties roseum
3 ft.,Europe.
superbum;
virgatum, purple, summer,
Rose
Macartney
(Rosa bracteata). See Rosa.
Mace
Reed
See Typha.
(Typha latifolia)."
Ord.
Acanthaceae.
Greenhouse
Mackayai
floweringshrub.
Deciduous.
First introduced
1869.
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts decayed fibrous loam, one part dried
half a part sharp silver sand.
cow
Position, light airy greenmanure,
house.
Prune
after flowering,shortening shoots to 2 or
Pot, March.
Water
3 in.
to Sept.,moderately Sept. to Nov., keep
freely March
quite dry Nov. to March.
Temp., April to Oct. 55" to 65" ; Oct. to April
45" to 55".
Propagate by cuttings inserted singly in 2 in. pots filled
to Aug. Transfer
with aandy soil,June
to 5 in. pots when
rooted;
in
and
shift into 8 in. " 10 in. pots. Plants flower
closely April
prune
old.
two to three years
when
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
M.
bella, lilao and purple, April to June, 4 to 6 ft.,
CULTURE
moist
OF
HERBACEOUS
SPECIES
"
"
"
"
Natal.
256
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Mackerel
See Meutha.
Mint
(Meutlia viridis)."
Macleania.
Greenhouse
Ord. Tacciniaceae.
trailingflowering
shrubs.
1848.
First
introduced
Evergreen.
tion,
PosiCULTURE:
Compost, equal parts turfy loam, peat " sand.
front of staging,or in
well-drained pots with shoots drooping over
"
or
suspended baskets.
Pot, March
April. Water freelyMarch to Sept.,
afterwards.
Prune
moderately
straggling shoots into shape March.
March
45" to 55*". Propato
55"
to
gate
65"; Sept.to March
Temp.,
Sept.
55"
to 65" in summer.
inserted
in
fine
sand
in
by cuttings
temp.
CULTIVATED:
M.
pulohra, yellow and
scarlet, spring, 8 to 10 ft.,
speoiosissima, yellow and scarlet, spring, trailing, Colombia.
Madura
Hardy deciduous
(Osage Orange). Ord. Urticacese.
tree.
Orn. foliage.First introduced
1818.
Flowers, yellowishgreen,
inconspicuous. Fruit, round, golden yellow, 3 to 5 in. in diameter;
rardy borne in this country. Leaves, egg-shaped,bright green.
beries
CXTLTURE:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, in open sheltered shrubwhen
Prune
into
to
sary,
necesFeb.
Oct.
or
Plant,
shape
hedges.
SPECIES
Colombia;
"
Nov. to Feb.
Soil to be
HEDGE
CULTUEE
Plant
12 in. apart in singlerow.
:
into
wide.
Trim
trenched
two
"
3
ft.
spitsdeep
shape, July " Nov.
inserted
in
in.
6
to
8
long,
ordinary soil, in
Propagate by cuttings
Oct.
to
March.
shady position,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
M. aurantiaoa, 10 to 16 ft.,N. America.
Macrozamia
(Swan River Feru Palm; Giant Fern Palm).
Ord.
perennials. Orn. foliage.
Cyoadaceae. Greenhouse
evergreen
First introduced
1846.
Leaves, feather-shaped,
green;
very graceful.
CULTURE
Position, well: Compost,
equal parts peat, loam " sand.
from
drained pots, in light, greenhouse, shaded
sun.
Pot, Feb. or
March.
Water
Syringe
freely April to Oct., moderately afterwards.
to Sept. 60" to 70" ; Sept. to March
dailyApril to Sept. Temp., March
in sandy peat in temp. 75" in
55" to 60".
Propagate by seeds sown
offsets in Feb. or March.
March; division of plants in March;
M.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
:
Fraseri, W. Australia ; Hopei, Australia ; poroffskyana, Australia; tenuifolia,Australia.
Jasmine
Madagascar
(Stephanotis floribunda). See
"
"
Stephanotis.
Periwinitle
Madagascar
Orchis
Vine
Madeira
Madeira
"
"
gaultia.
(Madia
Madia
First
introduced
by
thinning
deep in
seedlingswhen
out
CULTIVATED:
yellow, Aug.,
Hardy
annuals.
ft., N.
M.
Aprilin
2 in.
patches where
borders.
Propagate
required to flower,
3 in. apart.
high, to
America;
sativa,
America.
"
See Lilium.
saxatile).See
Alyssum.
(Alyssum
(Cucumber Tree; Yulan). Ord. Magnoliaceae. Hardy
trees " shrubs.
Flowering " orn. foliage. First
evergreen
"
Magnolia
"
1688.
introduced
GREENHOUSE
"
CULTURE:
"
part peat or leaf-mould
in
walls
or
against
sunny
freely in
CompositES.
Lily (Liliumcandidum).
Madonna
Mad-wort
deciduous
"
J in.
sown
SPECIES
Plant).^Ord.
CULTUEE:
seeds
Oil
1794.
summer,
Compost,
sand.
two
parts sandy loam, one
Position, welt-drainedpots or tubs,
greenhouse. Pot
moderately other times.
257
Water
plant, March.
to
Syringe daily March
or
OF
BNOYOLOPMDIA
Sept. Temp
for
OABDENINO.
or
shape, March
for greenhouse culture.
tered
Position, shelCULTURE
: Soil,rich,deep sandy loam.
S.W.
walls;
parts of lawn or pleasure garden, or against S. or
against S. or W. walls for M. grandiflora" M. glauca. Plant, March
or
April; deciduous species
or
speciesMarch
April. Prune evergreen
weather
in
after flowering. Protect
speciesin very severe
evergreen
sionally.
to healthyspecimensoccacold districts.
Apply weak liquid manure
in
J in. deep in spring or autumn
Propagate by seeds sown
OUTDOOR
cold frame
or
greenhouse; layering
heat in July or Aug.
DEOIDTTOUS
SPECIES
oonepioua (Tnlan), white, spriiig,20 to 25 ft., China
: M.
to July, 30 to
and
acuminata
yellow. May
and
(Cucumber
Tree), green
Japan;
purple, April; Campbellii,
60 ft., N. America, and its variety cordata, yellow and
crimson, fragrant, April, 20 to 30 ft., Himalayas, does best in greenhouse;
rosy
States; hypolenoa,
yellow, fragrant. May, 30 to 40 ft., S. United
Fraseri, creamy
white, fragrant, spring, 30 to 40 ft., Japan; Lennei, rosy purple, April and
creamy
and
purple, fragrant, June, 20 to
May, 10 to 15 ft., hybrid; macrophylla, white
and
30
purple, fragrant. May, S ft., Japan;
ft., N. America;
obovata, white
obovata
deeper coloured; parviflora, white and rose. May, 8 ft.,Japan;
purpurea,
to May, 6 ft., Japan;
tripetala (Syn. M. Umbrella),
stellata, white, fragrant, March
States;
the Umbrella
Tree, white, fragrant, April and May, 20 to 30 ft.,S. United
and
soulangeana, white
Watsoni, creamy
white, fragrant, June, 4 ft., Japan;
purple. May, 20 ft., hybrid.
EYEBGKEEN
SPECIES:
M. grandiflora, white, fragrant, July and
Aug., IS to
States ; glauca (Sweet Bay), creamy
20 ft., S. United
white, fragrant, June, 20 ft.,
well-drained
in
summer
E. United
graftingin
autumn;
or
States.
Cherry."
Mahaleb
Maianthemum
See
Prunus.
Ord. Liliaceae.
(Twin-leavedLily-of-the-Valley).
perennial. Leaves " habit similar to the Lily-of-the-
Hardy herbaceous
Valley.
OULTURE:
or
open,
weather.
in the
Position, shady borders
Water
Plant, Sept. " Oct.
freely in dry
shrubs.
Propagate by
division
creeping
of
root-stocks
in
Sept. or
April,
SPECIES
6
in.,
CULTIVATED:
Maiden-hair
"
See
M.
oomrallaria
(Syn. Smilacina
bifolia),white. May,
Europe.
N.
Fern
" A. cuneatum).
(Adiantum capillus-veueris
Adiantum.
IVIaiden-hair
Maiden-hair
minus). See
"
Grass
(Briza
MeadOW-Rue
adiantifoUa
Thalictrum.
Maiden-hair
Spleen-wort
(Asplenium trichomanea)."See
Asplenium.
Maiden-hair
Maiden
Maiden
Tree
Oalc
Pinic
Maiden's
Wreath."
Maid's
Maize
Malabar
See
Prancoa.
Love
(Artemesia Abrotanum). See Artemesia.
.(ZeaMays). See Zea,
Glory
Lily (Gloriosasuperba)."See Gloriosa.
Malcomia
(Virginian Stock)."Ord. Cruciferaa. Hardy annual.
Pirst introduced
CULTURE
:
"
"
1713.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
POT
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts good ordinary soil, one
part
Position
" sand.
leaf-mould, cocoanut-fibre
refuse, decayed manure
in 6 in. pots, well drained, in cold sunny
Sow
gpreenhouseor window.
seeds 1-16 in. deep in above pots in March, April or May.
rately
modeWater
when
first sown,
freelywhen in full growth. Thin
when
1 in. high.
stimulants
Apply weak
iin. apart
buds
flower
show.
SPECIES
6
mer,
seedlingsto
when
CULTIVATED:
M.
maritima
(Tirginiaa Stock),
Tarions
colours,
sura-
in., S. Europe.
Male
Male
Dog-wood
Fern
"
Mallovy."
See
Mallow,
Malmaison
Malope
"
Malva.
See Malvastrum.
False."
See Dianthus.
Carnation."
(Large-floweredMallow-wort). Ord. Malvaceae.
"
Hardy
annuals.
First introduced
1710.
CULTURE
: Soil, rich ordinary.
Position,sunny beds, or in masses
in borders.
Sow
seeds J in. deep " 4 to 6 in. apart, where
required to
in
in
lants
stimuWater
weather.
or
freely
dry
May.
Apply
grow,
April
occasionallywhen plants show flower. Propagate also by seeds
sown
i in. deep in pots or boxes of li^htsoil in temp. 55" in March,
into floweringpositions
m
May or June.
transplanting
M.
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
1 ft.,
malaooides, rosy pink and purple, summer,
2 to 3 ft.,Spain;
trifida
S. Europe;
trifida,purple, summer,
alba, white, trifida
grandiflora, orimson.
Maltese
Clover
(Hedysarum coronarium). See Hedysarum.
Malva
" perenHardy annual
(Musk Mallow). Ord. Malvaceae.
nial
"
"
floweringplants.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
OF
Soil, ordinary. Position,
beds or borders.
or
Plant, Oct. or March.
partiallyshaded
sunny
in autumn.
Mulch
with manure
SPECIES:
ANNUAL
CULTURE
OF
Soil, ordinary. Position,
Plant, May or June.
Propagate annual speciesby seeds sown
sunny.
or
i in. deep in light,sandy soil in temp. 55" in March
April; perennial
similarly,or by cuttingsinserted in cold
by seeds sown
species
CULTURE
frame
in
July
or
Aug.
SI'BOIES:
M.
mauritanioa,
purple, June,
ANNUAL
SPECIES
PERENNIAL
grown
mofiohata
as
an
annual;
orispa, white
4 to
M.
:
moschata
and
purple,
summer,
3 to 6 ft.,Europe;
ft., 8. Europe.
4
Aloea, rosy
purple, summer,
(Musk Mallow), rose, summer,
alba, white.
Malvastrum
(False Mallow)." Ord. Malvacea).
Hardy perennials.
1811.
First introduced
Soil, ordinary. Position,sunny rockeries
for dwarf
borders
for tall species.
species;sunny well-drained
in severe
Protect
winters
with a layerof cinder
Plant, Oct. or March.
leaf-mould.
or
ashes, manure
Propagate by seeds sown
| in. deep In
or
light,sandjrsoil in temp. 55" in March
April; cuttingsinserted in
in July or Aug.
cold frame
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
M. oocorneum,
scarlet,July to Sept., 6 in., U. States;
Gilliesii (Syn. Modiola
6 in., S. America;
geranoides), red, summer,
lateritum
1 ft., Monte
laterita),salmon-pink, summer,
Video.
(Syn. Malva
Mammillaria
(Nipple Cactus; Elephant'sTooth Cactus)."Ord.
Greenhouse
Cactacese.
succulent
perennials. First introduced 1690.
and
Flowers, generallyexpanding about 11 a.m.,
closingat 1 p.m. ;
somewhat
or
fugitive. Stems leafless,cylindrical
globular,bearing at
their surface small tubercles or teats, crowned
distance over
even
with
rosettes or stars of spines.
259
k2
ENOYOLOPJSDIA
OV
GARDENING.
"
Compost, equal parts sandy loam, rough old mortar
window.
Pot,
Position, sunny,
pounded bricks.
airy greenhouse or
March
or
April,in well-drained pots just large enough to accommodate
Water
moderately,
roots.
Eepot every third or fourth year only.
afterwards.
March
none
to Sept.; once
a
fortnight,Sept. to Dec,
of
to
June
warm
days,
Sept. Apply soot water
Syringe on evenings
Ventilate
to Sept.
Temp.,
to healthy plants,June
freely in summer.
CULTURE
50" to 55".
March
Propagate by
to Sept.,60" to 70"; Sept.to March,
well-drained
in
seeds sown
J in. deep
pans or pots of sandy soilin temp.
75" in March,
keeping soil moderately moist ; bjrcuttingsof the topsof
the plants inserted in small pots of sandy, gritty compost in spring;
by graftingon Cereus speciossimuaat any time.
6
to
12
CULTIVATED:
in., Uexioo;
SPECIES
M.
bioolor, pnrijle,
June,
4 in.,
6 in., Mexioo; cirrMfera,
ohlorantha, greenish yellow, smnmer,
rose, Bummer,
Mexico
olava, green,
red, and
yellow, June, 1 ft., Mexico ; compressa
(Syn.
;
4 to 8 in., Mexico;
dasycantlia (Thimble Caotus),
augnlaris), rosy purple, summer,
3 in., Mexico;
dolichooentra, pale
red, summer,
disoolor, rosy red, 2 in., Mexico;
6 to 8 in., Mexico
6 in., Mexico
purple, summer,
summer,
; echinus,
; echinata, rose,
for ite stem
yellow, June, 2 to 3 in., Mexico;
elegans, 2 in., Mexico, grown
only;
6 in., Paraguay;
elephantidens, violet-rose, autumn,
elongata, yellow, summer,
3 in.,Mexico;
5 in.. Chili;
floribunda, rose, summer,
fissurata,rose, 2 in., Mexico;
2 in., Mexico;
gracilis, yellow or white, summer,
Grahami,
July, 3 in.,
rose,
Colorado;
haageana, carmine-rose, June, i in., Mexico:
lon^mamma, citron-yellow,
June, 4 in., Mexico;
macromeris,, carmine, Aug., 4 in.,Mexico;
maorothele, yellow,
June, Mexico;
or
micromeris, white
multiceps, yellow
pink, Aug., 4 in., Mexico;
and red, summer,
1 ft., Mexico;
6 in.,Mexico;
ncumanniana,
Ottonis,
rose, summer,
white. May, 3 in,, Mexico ; phellosperma, 5 ft., Mexico ; pulchra,rose, .Tune, 4 in.,
Mexico;
pusilla,yellowish white and red. May, 2 in., Mexico;
pyonaoantha, yellow,
July, 6 in.,Mexico; sanguinea, crimson, June, 6 in., Mexico;
Scheerii, yellow and
7 in., Mexico;
and
cream,
summer,
4 in., Mexico;
Schelhasii, white
rose,
summer,
3 in.,Mexico; semperviva, 3 in.,Mexico; senilis,scarlet,
sohiediana, white, summer,
2 in., Mexico;
stella-aurata,white, summer,
summer;
subpolyhedra, yellowand red,
8 in., Mexico
4 in., Mexico
summer,
; sulcolonata, yellow, summer,
; tetraoantha,
rose, July, 9 in., Mexico;
tuberculosa, pale purple, May, 6 in., Mexico; turbinata,
yellow, June, Mexico ; uncinata, purple. May
and
June, 4 in., Mexico ; vetula,
yellow. May and June, 3 in., Mexico; -villifera,
and purple.May, 3 in.,Mexico;
rose
viridis,yellow. May and June, 4 in., Mexico; vivipara, purple. May and June, 3 in.,
N.
America;
3 to 4 in., Mexico;
wildiana, rose, summer,
Wrightii, purple. May,
Mexico
and June, 3 in., Mexico.
; zucoariniana, purple. May
Mammoth
Tree
of
California
(Sequoia gigantea)."See
Sequoia.
Mandarin
Mandevilla
Orang:e-tree
See
(Citrusnobilis)."
(ChiliJasmine). Ord. Apocynacess.
"
Citrus.
Greenhouse
Deciduous.
First introduced
floweringclimber.
1837.
CULTtJEE:
"
Compost, equal parts peat
loam, halt part each
of
" pounded
sand
charcoal.
Position, well-drained beds or borders;
shoots trained
roof of sunny
or
up trellis,pillars,
greenhouse. Plant,
Feb.
Water
freely,Feb. to Sept.
; moderately,Sept. to December
; none
afterwards.
Syringe twice daily,Feb. to July. Temp., Feb. to Sept.
55" to 65" ; Sept.to Deo.
45" to 55" ; Dec. to Feb.
40" to 50".
Prune
shoots to within two
of their base
buds
immediately after flowering.
in pans or bed of sandy
Propagate by seeds sown
peat slightly covered
with fine soil in a temp, of 65" to 75", Feb. to
April; cuttingsof firm
side shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in sand under
bell-glass in temp,
of 70" to 85" in
summer.
.
BuenM
Manettia."
First introduced
CULTTJEE:
Ord.
1832.
Eubiaceje.
Greenhouse
evergreen
15
to
SO
ft.,
climbers.
charcoal
"
SPECIES
Ohili.
CULTIVATED:
Marica
M.
Betosus, green,
(Toad-cupLily)."Ord.
introduced
First
Iridacese.
white,
berries
summer,
herbaceous
Stove
in
frame
in cold
long, inserted in sandy peat under bell-glass
in Sept. or Oct.
layering branches
1 to 2 in.
summer
OABDENINO.
OF
BNCYOLOFMBIA
to
(t.,
nials.
peren-
1789.
tion,
PosiCULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould " sand.
March.
Feb.
or
Pot,
well-drained
pots in light part of stove.
to Feb.
Apply weak
Water
to Oct. ; keep dry, Nov.
freely,March
stimulants
occasionallywhen in flower. Temp., 65" to 75", March to
Sept.; Sept. to March, 55" to 65". Propagate by division of rhizomatoug roots, Feb. or March.
18 in., Trinidad;
red, summer,
CULTIVATED:
M. brachypua, yellow and
SPECIES
2 ft., Trop. America;
and
summer,
oserulea, blue, yellow, brown,
orange,
3 to 4 ft.,Trop. America.
northiaua, white, yellow, and
red, summer,
See Calendula.
Marigold
(Calendula officinalis).
Mariposa-lily
(Calochortusvenustua). ^See Calochortus.
"
"
(Origanum vulgare).
Marjoram
(Horehound).
Marrubium
medicinal
Origanum.
Labiatce.
Hardy
See
"
"
Leaves
herb.
"
Ord.
used
shoots
young
as
perennial
popular remedy for
coughs.
CULTURE
March
or
Soil, ordinary.
18 in.
April,
apart.
Position,
Propagate
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Jin. deep in
by
in shady
inserted
cuttings
seeds
to May;
March
of roots in March.
M.
Tulgare, white, June
shady positionoutdoors,
border in April; division
Plant,
borders.
dry
sunny
sown
Sept.,
to
ft., Britain.
CistUS
Marsh
(Ledum palustre). See Ledum.
Elder
Marsh
(Viburnum opulus). See Viburnum.
See Swertia.
Fel-WfOrt
Marsh
(Swertia perennis\
See Nephrodium.
Fern
Marsh
Thelypteris).
(jSTephrodium
See Limuanthemum.
Marsh-floweir.
Gentian
'Marsh
(Gentiana pneumonanthe). See Gentiana.
Helleborine
Marsh
palustris).See Epipactis.
(Epipactis
Marsh
Marigold
(Caltha palustris).See Caltha.
Orchis
Marsh
(Orchislatifolia).See Orchis.
santhemum
Marsh
Daisy
(Chrysanthemum lacustre). See ChryOx-eye
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Marsh
"Marsh
Marsh
"
Trefoil
"
"
"
"
First
annual.
Half-hardy
making pickles.
POT
manure
in
CULTURE
"
of
temp,
60"
1731.
Fruit
edible
"
used
for
Compost,
sand.
introduced
Sow
to
6 or
seeds
lin.
April or May;
window.
sunny greenhouse or
in full growth.
Apply weak
to
Water
moderately at first,freelywhen
stimulants
occasionallyto healthy plants
to May, 60" to 70"; afterwards, 55" to 65".
in flower.
Temp., Feb.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinaryrich.
OUTDOOR
wellPosition, sunny
Sow seeds 1 in. deep singly in 3-in.
drained sheltered beds or borders.
boxes of lightsoil in temp, of 60" to 70"
3 in. apart in shallow
or
pots,
in
Feb.
or
March,
transplanting"seedlings8
262
to
12 in.
apart early in
BNGTCLOPMDIA
June.
Mulch
planting.
SPEOIES
2
with
Water
CULTIVATED
OF
GARDENING.
after
cocoanut-fibre
refuse
or
decayed manure
in dry weather.
: M.
fragrans (Unioorn Plant), orimaon-purple,summer,
ft., Mexico.
Marvel-Of-Peru
See Mirabilis;
(MirabilisJala^a)."
(Cassiamarilaudica)."See Cassia.
Pink
Root
See Spigelia.
(Spigeliamarilandica)."
Masdevallia
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Orchid).
(Spectral-flowered
Greenhouse
1842.
epiphytal orchids.
Evergreen. First introduced
CULTtfEE:
Compost, for robust species(M. Coccinea, etc.),two
" sand; for other
parts fibrous peat, one part sphagnum moss
species
" lumps of charcoal, " a
(M. Chimsera, etc.),equal ^artspeat, moss
little sand.
Pot annually in Feb. or March.
Position, well-draiued
Maryland
Maryland
Cassia
"
for
M.
Coccinea;
teak-wood
for M.
baskets, lined with moss,
essential.
Water
sun
freely,April to Sept.;
moderately afterwards, and keep atmosphere moist all the year round.
Syringe staging,floors " pots dailyin summer.
Temp., Nov. to March,
45" to 55"; March
to Nov., 55" to 65".
Ventilate
freely in summer.
at base of last-made
Flowers
leaves.
amiear
Resting period,none.
Propagate by division of plants in Feb.
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
and
M.
amabilis, rose, crimson, orange,
mer,
yellow, sum6 in., Colombia;
bella, yellow, crimson, and white, spring, 6 in., Colombia;
4 in., Colombia;
oaadata, yellow, purple and
red, summer,
Cnestertonii, yellow,
purple and pink, spring, 6 in., Colombia
purple, spring, 8 in.,
; Cbimsera, yellow and
scarlet and
crimson, spring, 6 to 8 in., Colombia;
Cocoinea
Colombia; coccinea,
harryana, a variety; Davisii, yellow and orange,
Aug., 8 in., Peru;
ignea, red,
and
purple, spring, 6 in., Colombia; rosea, orange, red, and carmine, summer,
orange
6 in., Peru;
torarensis, wMte, winter, 6 in., Venezuela;
veitoMana, vermilion,
and
There
also numerous
are
purple, spring, 1 ft., Peru.
hybrids.
Mask-flower
See Alonsoa.
(Alonsoa iucisifolia).
Ord. Compositse. Hardy
Matricaria
(Double May Weed).
herb.
perennial
CULTTJEE:
Soil,ordinary. Position,open sunny beds or borders.
pots
Chimsera.
Shade
from
"
"
ordinary soil in
Oct. or
March.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
summer,
M.
or
inodora
ft., Britain.
Matthiola
(Ten-week, Brompton,
Cape
Giant,
and
German,
Wallflower-leaved
termediate
Night-scented,InStock). Ord. Cruci"
" biennials.
First introduced
ferae. Half-hardy annuals
1731.
CULTURE
TEN- WEEK
STOCK
OP
OUTDOORS
:
Soil, deep, rich,
well manured.
beds or
borders.
Position, open sunny
Sow
seeds
1-16 in. deep in light soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March,
transplanting
seedlingsoutdoors ejid of May; or in cold frame or outdoors in April,
Plant, dwarf kinds 9 in. " tall kinds
transplantingseedlingsin June.
Mulch
surface
12 to 15 in. apart each
of soil after planting
way.
Remove
seed pods as they form.
with decayed manure.
CULTURE
OP
TEN-WEEK
POT
Sow
STOCKS:
seeds
above
as
advised.
Transplant three seedlingslin. high into a 3-in. pot, "
3 to 4 in. high into a 5-in. pot. Compost, two
when
parts good soil,
" sand.
Position, cold frame during May ;
one
part decayed manure
outdoors.
Water
afterwards
freely. Apply stimulants when flower
buds
form.
CULTURE
OF
WALLFLOWER-LEATED
OF
NIGHT-SCENTED
STOCK
Same
as
for ten-
week.
CULTURE
STOCK
263
Soil, ordinary.
Posi-
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
beds
tion, sunny
required to
bord'ers.
or
Sow
GARDENING.
seeds
Jin. deep
in
April
where
flower.
deep
seeds J in.
in
STOCK
: Sow
in Aug. or Sept.
boxes in cold frame
high singly in a 2-in. pot or four in a
old
mortar.
"
4-in. pot.
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould
Water
frame.
in
cold
ashes
in
cinder
to
rim
sunny
Plunge pots
s^parout in rich soil in
Plant
freely in fine weather.
ingly. Ventilate
March, or transfer single plantsto a 5-in. or three plants to a 6-in. pot.
flowers show.
stimulants
when
Position,
Water
moderately.
INTERMEDIATE
OF
CULTUEE
well-drained
pots or
light soil in
1 in.
Transplant seedlingswhen
Apply
For
in flower, light,airy greenhouse.
autumn-flowering,sow
when
in
out
June.
"
in
March
seeds
or
April, plant
STOCKS
Sow
seeds \ in.
" QUEEN
:
BEOMPTON
CULTURE
OF
in
June
soil
in
cold
frame
or
July. Transplant seedlings
deep in light
lin. high 8 to 12 in. apart where
when
required to flower following
" plant out
2-in. pots ; keep in cold frame
in
year, or place singly in
of
double
flowers
obtained
March.
Seed-Saving: Largest percentage
from
plants grown in poor soil, " of the dwarfest habit.
M.
OULTIVATED:
annua), parent of the Ten-week
SPECIES
annua
(or inoana
and Intermediate
Stooke, S. Europe, annual ; bicomig, purplish-red,spring, fragrant
1 ft.,
shmb;
at night, Greece, perennial or
fenestralia,scarlet or purple, summer,
Stock), purple
biennial, Crete ; inoana
(Brompton, Queen, and Wallflower-leaTed
1 ft.,
lilao,summer,
1 to 2 ft., Levant, biennial;
triouspidata,
or
Tiolet, summer,
tristis (Night-soented Stock), purple, fragrant at night, 1 ft.,
8. Enrope, annual;
E. Europe, biennial.
Maurandia^
Ord.
Scrophulariacea;. Half-hardy climbing
perennials. First introduced 1796.
"
" leaf-mould
INDOOR
CULTUEE:
Compost, equal partsloam
little sand.
to May.
Pot, March
Position, well-drained
pots with
trained
shoots
front of stage, or
draping over
up trellis,walls, or
rafters, or suspended in baskets in sunny
greenhouse. Water
freely,
March
wards.
to Sept.; moderately, Sept. to Nov. ; keep nearly dry afterin
flower
stimulants
to
healthy
Temp.,
plants
only.
Apply
March
45" to 55".
to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
S.
CULTUEE
OUTDOOR
Position, against
: Soil, ordinary rich.
window
walls or in sunny
boxes.
Plant, June.
vases
or
Lift, repot
in dry weather.
" place in greenhousein Sept. Water
gate
Propafreely
in
seeds
in.
in
soil
of
1-16
sown
by
deep
ordinarylight
temp, 60" to
lin.
70" in March,
when
transplanting seedlings
high singlyinto
"
or
3-in.
pots; cuttingsof
"
261
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GABDENINO.
new
of
SFEOIES
CULTIVATED
M.
:
and
grandiflora, white
yellow, fragrant, autumn,
Peru; luteo-alba,yellow, white, and purple, fragrant, various seasons,
Colombia;
piota, yellow, purple and white, winter, Colombia; sanderiana, white and crimson,
spring, Peru; Tenusta, white
and yellow, winter, Colombia.
Max
LeiChtlin'S
See Lilium.
Lily (Lilium Leichtlini)."
May
(CrataegusOxyacantha). See Crataegus.
"
May
May
May
Apple
Meadow
Meadow
"
Pink
(Dianthus deltoides)."See Dianthus.
Rue
(Thalictrum flavum)." See Thalictrum.
Saffron
(Colchicum autumnale)." See Colchicum.
Saxifrage
(Saxifragagranulata)."See S'axifraga.
(SpiraeaUlmaria)." See Spiraea.
MeconopsiS
(Welsh Poppy; Himalayan Poppy; PricklyPoppy;
Nepaul Poppy). Ord. Papaveraceae. Hardy biennial " perennial
Meadow-sweet
"
herbs.
CULTURE
OF
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
Sow
seeds 1-16 in. deep in
soil
in
light sandy
or
temp. 60" to 70" in March
April. Transplant
"
seedlingslu April into bed of loamy soil enriched with manure,
with cold frame
until June.
Remove
cover
or
followingMarch
April
to where
Position, well-drained
required to flower.
rockery.
sunny
Water
Cover surface
freelyin summer;
keep dry as possiblein winter.
of soil under
leaves with small lumps of sandstone.
Plants flower
when
die.
2 to 4 years old, " afterwards
SPECIES
CULTURE
OF PERENNIAL
: Soil,deep,rich
loam, mixed
leaf-mould.
with
"
sheltered
Position, sunny
decayed manure
freely
March
above
rockeries.
Water
borders
Plant,
or
or
as
April.
seeds
Wallichii
1-16
M.
in.
in
advised.
sown
by
deep
light
Propagate
sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March or April; M. cambrica
by seeds
in March
1-16 in. deep in moist soil outdoors
or
sown
April.
oambrioa
M.
1 ft.
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
(Welsh Poppy), yellow, summer,
iiore-pleno,double flowered ; aouleata, purple, summer,
Europe (Britain); oambrioa
3 ft., Himalayas.
a ft., Himalayas
; nepalensis (Nepaul Poppy), yellow, summer,
M. Wallichii
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
4 to 6 ft.,
(Satin Poppy), blue, summer,
Himalayas.
See Asparagus.
Medeola.
of Thorns). Ord.
LegumiMedicagfO
(Calvary Clover; Crown
Flowers
succeeded
"
annuals
nosae.
perennials.
by
curiously
Hardy
"
"
twisted legumes.
Sow seeds J in. deep in ordinary
:
Thin
April or May.
seedlings
freelyin dry weather.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
POT
parts good soil,one part leaf -mould,
Sow seeds thinlyin 5-in. pots
" sand.
half a part each of old mortar
lin. high, thin to 3
When
are
seedlings
with
above
filled
compost.
vrindow
Position,
Water
or
each
moderately.
in
sunny
house.
greenpot.
CLOVER
CALVARY
OF
CULTURE
soil in sunny
positionoutdoors,
lin. high to 6 in. apart. Water
when
CULTURE
dryish sunny
OP
PERENNIAL
borders,
banks,
SPECIES
: Stoil,
ordinary.
rockeries.
Plant, Oct.
or
265
Position,
or
March.
Propagate by seeds
division
in
of roots
ANNUAL
in. deep
March.
or
sown
Oct.
OARDSNINO.
OF
MNOYOhOFMDIA
in
in March;
echinus
M.
SPECIES:
sTimmer,
Europe.
SPECIES
PEEBNNIAL
M.
faloata
in.,
B.
ing,
trail-
Britain.
Melastomacese.
Stove
flowering
Ord.
Medinilla.
evergreen
First introduced
1845.
shrubs.
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts fibrous peat, one part loam, half
moist
half
PositioUi sunny
sand,
part well-decayed manure.
part
afterwards.
"
to
of
Feb.
dry
stove,
Sept.; light moderately
part
part
70" to
Pot. Feb.
Temp., Feb. to Sept. 75" to 85"; Sept. to Nov.
rately
to Sept.,modeWater
65" to 75".
80"; Nov. to Feb.
freely,March
afterwards.
twice
March
to
Sept. Moist
daily,
Syringe
"
essential.
Appljrstimulants when plants commence
shoots
into shape,Jan. or Feb.
Prune
flowering.
Propagate
straggly
of
side
3 to 4 in. long, inserted in sandy
firm
shoots,
by cuttings
young
in temp. 85" in spring or summer.
peat " leaf-mould, under bell-glass,
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
M.
magnifioa, rosy pink. May, i ft., PbilippineB;
amabilis
(Syn. Teysmannii), rosy pink, spring, i ft.,Java.
E. carnea)."
Mediterranean
Heath
or
(Erica mediterranea
atmospherevery
See Erica.
Mediterranean
See Pancratium.
"
Mediterranean
Steele
(Hesperismaritima). See Hesperis.
Medlar
(Pyrus germanica)." See Pyrus.
Medusa^S
Head
(Euphorbia Caput-Medusse). See Euphorbia.
Medusa's
Head
Orchid
(Cirrhopetalum Caput-Medusas)."
See Cirrhopetalum.
"
"
See Saxifraga.
Megasea^
Gentleman
Melancholy
(Hesperistristis).See Hesperis.
Melia
Half-hardy
(Bead-tree; Indian
Lilac]).Ord. Meliacese.
First
duced
intro"
deciduous
"
trees.
oru.
foliage.
Flowering
evergreen
1656.
Leaves, graceful,feather-shaped,green.
CULTUEE
Position, large well-drained pots in
: Soil,sandy loam.
S.
shrubberies
outdoors
cool greenhouse or conservatory, or sheltered
of England.
Pot or plant, Oct. to Feb.
Water
(in pots),
freeljr
to Oct. ; little afterwards.
March
Propagate by cuttingsinserted in
sand under
in temp. 55" to 65", summer
autumn.
or
bell-glass
"
"
"
SPEOIES
20 ft., India
CULTIVATED:
and
China.
M.
Melianthus
Half-hardy
evergfreen
leaves
shrubs.
Orn.
fragrant, 10
Ord.
"
foliage. First
to
Sapindacesa.
introduced
1688.
graceful, feather-shaped,green.
CULTURE
POT
:
Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould "
sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in sunny greenhouse. Pot, Feb. or
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
April. Water
freely,March
Temp.,
to Sept. 55" to 65" ; Sept. to March
March
40" to 50".
OUTDOOR
CULTUEE
: Soil,
ordinaryrich. Position, sunny beds or
Leaves,
borders.
Plant, May or June.
Lift roots in Sept. or Oct., " store
in cool frost-proofshed or
like dahlias
greenhouse until planting
time.
May be grown
entirelyoutdoors in warm
sheltered parts of
1-16 in. deep in light sandy soil
England.
Propagate by seeds sown
in
temp. 65" to 75" in January, Feb., or March, or in similar soil in
temp. 55" to 65" in Aug. or Sept.; by
inserted
soil under
in
bell-glass
temp.
65"
cuttings
in spring
to 65"
266
in light sandy
or
summer
ENCTOLOP^DIA
SPECIES
OULTITATED
Melissa
GARDENING.
OF
M.
major, brown,
(Common
4 to
summer,
ft., 8. Africa.
Ord. Labiatae.
Balm).
Hardy lierba:oeouB
perennials. Aromatic
foliage. Leaves, egg-shaped, dark green, or
variegated with yellow; fragrant.
CULTURE:
beds
or
Soil, ordinary light. Position, warm
sunny
"
borders.
in groups
12 in. apart in rows.
Plant, Oct. or March
or
Gather
stems when
flowers open for drying for winter use.
Cut stems
off close to ground after flToweriug.
seeds
sown
Jin.
Propagate by
deep outdoors in March; division of roots in Oct. or March.
SEEOIES
CULTIVATED:
M. offloinalis (Balm), white
(Britain); offloinalis yariegata, leaves golden.
Melittis
(Bastard Balm). Ord. Labiatae.
or
yellow,
summer,
ft.,
Europe
"
CULTURE
borders.
of roots
SPECIES
18
Hardy perennial.
Sbil, ordinaryrich.
Position, partiallyshaded beds or
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Propagate by division
:
OTJLTIVATED:
in., Europe
M.
meliasophyllum,
creamy
white
and
pink. May,
(Britain).
MelocaCtUS
Melon
Thistle; Turk's Cap Cactus;
Cactaceae.
Greenhouse
succulent
perennials.
1788.
Stems
globular,ribbed, spiny, surmounted
by
(Melon Cactus;
Ord.
Pope's Head).
"
First introduced
cylindricalcap.
CULTURE
rubble, old
Compost,
mortar
two
parts
sand.
"
window.
greenhouse
or
Water
summer,
once
month,
12 to 18 in., W.
Melon
every
three
once
Indies.
(Cucumis melo).
"
See Cucumis.
(Melocactus communis).
Melon-ca.CtuS
Melon
Repot
Sept. or
"
(Melocactuscommuuis).
Thistle
"
See Melocactus.
See Melocactus.
Ord.
Filices.
Stove
MeniSCium.
rhizomatous
evergreen
Fronds
entire or once
First introduced
1793.
divided.
ferns.
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf -mould, peat " sand.
Position, well-drained
pots or ledges of rockery in shady part of stove.
Water
Pot or plant,Feb. or March.
freely,April to Sept.,moderately
to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March
afterwards.
55"
Temp., March
of
surface
of
sown
fine
to 65'.
on
by
Propagate
spores
sandy
pans
peat in teinp.75" to 80 any time; division of plants at potting time.
OXTLTITATED:
M.
SPECIES
reticulatum, and its Tariety macrophyllum,
W.
Indies; simplex, Tropioal Asia.
Indies; serratum. West
Menispermum
(Moon Seed; Moon
Creeper). Ord. Menisperdeciduous
First introduced
climber.
1691.
flowering
maceae.
Hardy
rich.
moist
CULTURE
borders
Soil,
with
Position,
:
ordinary
shady
trellises.
twined
shoots
Plant, Oct. or
up walls, arbours, pergolas,or
weak or unhealthy shoots, Nov. to Feb.
Prune
March.
gate
Propaaway
shoots inserted in sandy soil in shady posiby cuttings of young
tion
hand-light in spring; division of roots, Oct.
outdoors, or under
"
"
to
March.
SPECIES
Mentha
uials.
CUI/TITATED
(Mint;
Aromatic
10 to 15 ft.,N. America.
oanadense, yellow, summer,
Ord.
Labiatss.
Pennyroyal).
Hardy pereu:
M.
"
foliage.
267
ENOYOLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
OF
tion,
Soil, rich, moist, ordinary. Posi2
in
in.
roots
border.
Plant
or
deep
rows
partiallyshady
sunny
March.
Mulch
with
9 in. apart in Feb.
or
layer of decayed manure
Water
in March.
Cut
off stems
close to
freely in dry weather.
in
"
bed
with
in.
soil.
Lift
2
"
of
ground
Sept. cover
replant every
three
Gather
shoots
for drying when
flowers
first open.
years.
roots
close together (with ordinary soil 'between)in
Forcing: Place
large pot or box, " put in a temp, of 55" to 65", Oct. to March.
Keep
soil moist.
OF
CULTURE
PEPPERMINT:
advised
Same
for Spearmint.
as
Gather
when
in flower for distillation.
CULTURE
OP
PENNYROYAL:
Soil, moist
loamy. Position,
shaded
border.
March
Plant, Se^t.,
or
partially
April,6 in. apart in
15 in. asunder.
Water
rows
Mulch
with decayed
freelyin dry weather.
in April.
manure
CULTURE
OF
OTHER
SPECIES
:
Soil, light rich. Position,partially
or
Plant, March
shady borders.
cellent
April. M. Requienii an excreeping plant for covering surface of soil in moist places. M.
should
be wintered
in a cold frame, " planted
Pulegium gibraltarica
in April or May.
out
" Peppermint by division
Spearmint
Propagate
of roots in Feb. or March
also
of
in.
3
;
cuttings young shoots,
long
inserted
in shady position
outdoors
in summer;
shoots
Pennyroyal by offdivisions
in Oct. or March;
or
ordinary speciesby division in
Oct. or Feb.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
M. aquatioa (Bergamot
1 ft.,
Mint), purple, rammer,
Earope; piperita (Peppermint), purple, autumn, 1 ft., Europe; pulegium (Pennyroyal),
purple, Aug., 4 to 6 in., Europe; pulegium gibraltarioa (Gibraltar Mint),
2 in., used
for carpet
bedding;
Requienii, purple, summer,
creeping, Corsica;
Tiridis (Spearmint or Lamb
Mint), purple, Aug., 2 ft.,Europe.
Ord. Loasacese.
Mentzelia..
First introduced
Hardy annuals.
1811.
CULTURE
seeds J in. deep in light sandy soil in temp. 55" to
: Sow
65" till May; place in cold frame, " plant outdoors
in June.
SoU,
CULTURE
SPEARMINT:
OF
"
ordinary.
Menyanthes
Water
CULTURE
pools
well-dfained
Position, sunny
brvrders in April
sunny
SPEfclES CULTIVATED:
1
or
borders,
M.
bartonloideB, yellow,
aurea), golden yellow, summer,
ft., N. America.
Trefoil). Ord.
"
marshes
or
"
1 ft., U.
summer,
1 ft., California;
March
to
SPECIES
to June,
Europe
First
CULTURE:
leaf-mould.
lawns
foil;
Tre-
Hardy perennialaquatic.
Position,shallow streams,
Plant, Sept. to Nov. " March
or
CULTIVATED:
M.
trifoliata,white, red
(Britain).
See Babdecia.
in the
mud,
Spruce
(Pyrenean Meadow
introduced
1820.
SmI, lightsandy
Position, moist beds
shade
nials.
peren-
Flowers fragrant.
loam, enriched with
of
decayed manure
rockeries,shrubberv borders,
bulbs
3 in. deep " 3 in; apart in
or
trees.
Plant
^^"s down
in June "
until after plant has flowered.
Propagate
bed
of fine soil outdoors
in
Aug. or
near
and
"
Merendera
or
Marsh
States;
ornata,
Oct.
Menziesia.
Menzies'
or
in
bog.
bogs.
April. Propagate by insertingpiecesof creeping stems
or
outdoors
sow
Bog Trefoil;
Gentianaceee.
ponds,
or,
May.
%/^^-, JP^'^g?
J"ly,
by seeds
Sept.,or
268
sown
in pans
reappear
Jin. deep in
or
boxes
of
pink, July,
golden yellow.
leaves
in. ;
M.
SPECIES."
8UC0ULENT-LEATED
GREENHOUSE
floribundum,
OARDENINO.
OF
ENCYOLOPMBIA
SPECIES:
M.
Crystallinum (Ice Plant), wMte,
and
1 ft. ; pyropeum
(Syn. M. tricolor),rose
SPECIES:
M.
ednle
(Hottentot Fig), yellow,
ANNUAL
yellow, July,
HAEDT
densum,
1 ft. ;
cordifolinm
July; pomendiannm,
white, June, 6 in.
red,
July; uncinatum,
summer.)
See
MespilUS."
Metake
Fyrus.
(Bamljusa Metake).
Bamboo
Meum
See
"
(Baldmoney
aromatic
or
Callistemon.
; Spignel). Ord.
TJmbelliferae.
"
Hardy
nial
peren-
herb.
CULTTJEE:
rockeries.
Bambusa.
See
"
Metrosideros.
CULTIVATED
dry weather.
April.
Propagate by
white, May,
athamantioum,
See Cuphea.
ivy (Cobseascaudens). See Cobsea.
Liiy. See Furcrsea.
Mexican
Mexican
Mexican
Mexican
Mexican
division
of
or
M.
Cig'ar-flower.
ft., Europe
(Britain).
"
"
"
Marig'Old
(Tagetes mexicana)." See Tagetes.
Mocic-orange
(Fhiladelphus micropbyllus). See
"
Philadelphua.
Mexican
Oranse-flovver
(Choisya ternata)." See Choisya.
Poppy
(Argemone mexicana). See Argemone.
Soap-piant
(Agave saponaria). See Agave.
Flower
Tiger
(Tigridiapavonia). See Tigridia.
Mexican
Mexican
Mexican
"
"
"
Meyenia.
See
Thuubergia.
(Daphne mezereum).
"
Mezereon
Michaelmas
Michauxia
"
Daisy.
"
See
See
Daphne.
Aster.
perennials.
First
introduced
1787.
moist
Soil,
sandy loam.
Propagate by seeds sown
CTJLTUEE
sheltered
:
Position, warm
borders.
in.
in
J
deep
sunny
sunny
position
lowing
in April,transplantingseedlingsinto floweringpositionfoloutdoors
July or Aug. ; or by sowing seeds in April where plants are
required
to
SPECIES
grown
as
Michaux's
Michauxia.
Miconia.^
grow.
CULTIVATED:
hiennial,
M.
oampanuloidea,
Bell-flovtfer
white,
July, Asia
Minor.
Best
(Michauxia campanuloides).
"
See
Ord.
Melastomaceae.
Stove
orn.
foliage
evergreen
First
introduced
1858.
Leaves, broad, upper surface velvety
plants.
under
side reddish
purple.
green,
CULTURE
: Compost,
equal parts fibrous peat " leaf-mould, fourth
Position, pots in moist shady plant stove.
part silver sand.
Pot, Feb.
Water
March.
or
moderately in winter, freelyother times.
Syringe
to Sept. Temp., March
to Sept. 75" to 85"; Sept. to
foliage March
60" to 70".
March
in fine light compost in
Propagate by seeds sown
85"
in March
or
April; cuttings of shoots of stems inserted in
temp.lightsoil in temp. 80" to 90" in spring.
OULTltATED:
Species
O. flammea, leaves
1 to 2 ft.,Brazil; hookeriagreen,
and
leaves
white, 1 to 2 ft. ; magnifloa, leaves bronzy ereen
green
num,
2 to 3 ft
J
B
"
Mexioo.
MicroslOSSa
(Shrubby Star-wort)."Ord. Composite.
Hardy
shrubby perennial. First introduced 1883.
CULTUEE
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
borders.
Plant
Oct
270
BNOYCLOPMDIA
Nov., March, or April.
positionoutdoors. March
division
of roots, Oct.
SPECIES
or
CULTIVATED:
OF
GARDENING.
or
March.
M.
albescens, blue
and
Himalayas.
Microlepia."
to
Labiatae.
ft.,
Soil, ordinary.
sandy
Ord.
"
SPECIES
See Davallia.
Micromeria,
CULTURE
white, autumn,
or
soil under
CULTIVATED:
rockeries.
Position, sunny
Propagateby cuttingsinserted
April.
hand-lightm
M.
Plant,
in ordinary
3
in., S.
Europe.
Mignonette
(Reseda odorata)."See
Mikania,
Reseda.
baskets
with
Pot, Feb. or
'
shoots
hanging down, in sunny greenhouse or window.
March.
Water
wards.
freely,March to Oct., moderately afterApply stimulants occasionally.
May to Sept. Temp., March
55" to 65"; Oct. to March
to Oct.
40" to 50".
Propagateby cuttings
of shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in spring.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
M.
6 to 8 ft.,
soandens, yellow and white, summer,
Trop. America.
Milfoil."
See Achillea.
Orchis
Military
(Orchis militaris).See Orchis.
Milk-Thistle
(Silybum Mariannm)." See Silybum.
Milk
See Astragalus.
Vetch."
Milk-weed
Gentian
(Gentiana asclepiadea).See Gentiana.
See Polygala.
Milk-wort."
See Brodisea.
Milla.
Miltonia.
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
First
epiphytal orchids.
1830.
introduced
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts fibrous
peat " chopped sphagnum
with
few lumps of charcoal.
a
Position, well-drained
moss,
pots or
in shady paj:t of stove.
Water
Pot, Feb. or March.
pans
freely,
Shade
to Sept.,moderately afterwards.
" moist
March
from
sun,
to Oct.
65" to 75"; Oct.
to
atmosphere essential.
Temp., March
60" to 65".
March
Growing period,Feb. to Sept.; restingperiod,
Flowers
at base of last-made
pagate
pseudo-bulb. ProSept.to Feb.
appear
division
of
time.
at
pseudo-bulbs
potting
by
M.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Candida, red, brown, yellow, and white, autumn,
13 to 18 in.,Brazil ; Clowesii, yellow, brown, white, and purple, Sept. and Oct., 2 ft.,
Brazil; ouneata, brown, yellow, white, and rose, Feb., 12 to 18 in.,Brazil; phalsenopsis, white and purple. May, 1 ft.,Colombia; Uegnelli, rose, purple, and white,
1 ft.,Brazil; Uoezlii,
white, purple and green, autumn, 1 ft., Colombia;
autumn,
schroederiana, yellow, brown, purple, and white, fragrant, 1 ft.,Sept., Costa Bica;
8 to 10 in., Brazil; spectabilis moreliana,
and
purple, summer,
speotabilis, rose
1 ft.; speotabilis bicolor, white
and
purple, November,
purple; spectabilis
rosy
vexillaria,
white, rose, yellow, and orange, spring, 18 in., Colombia;
rose;
rosea,
Warsoewiczii, brown, purple, white, and lilao,spring,1 ft.,Colombia.
Ord.
Mimosa
(SensitivePlant; Humble
Leguminosae.
Plant}."
1638.
Stove perennials. Orn.
Leaves,
foliage. First introduced
"
"
"
"
feather-shaped,
green, sensitive.
271
OF
ENCYGLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
sand.
"
Position,
Compost, equal parts peat, loam
well-drained
M.
"
sensitiva),
pots-in
plants (M. pudica
shoots
trained
with
of
for
M.
but
stove
similar,
marginata
;
light part
rately
modeMarch
Water
to
March.
roof.
Feb.
or
Pot,
freely,
Sept.,
up
afterwards.
65" to 75".
to Oct.
Propagate by
Temp., March
1-16 in. deep in lightsoil in temp. 65" to 75", Feb. or March
seeds sown
;
cuttings of young shoots inserted in sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75", at
CULTUEE:
sensitive
for
time.
M. pudica " M. sensitiva, though strictly
perennials,are
generally treated as annuals.
any
SPEOII^
CULTIVATED:
L. marginata,
6 to 10 ft., Mexico;
pink, summer,
12 to 18 in., Brazil; sensitiva,
pudica (Sensitive or Humble
Plant), rose, summer,
3 to 6 ft., Brazil.
purple, summer,
Mimulus
(CardinalFlower; Monkey Flower; Musk; Harrison's
Ord.
Greenhouse
"
Musk).
hardy annual "
Scrophularinaceae.
herbs.
First
introduced
1826.
Flowers, fragrant.
perennial
POT
CULTURE
OF MUSK:
Compost, two parts loam, one part each
of leaf-mould
" decayed cow
" sand.
manure
Pot, Feb. to April.
Position, shady window
Water
to Oct. ;
or
greenhouse.
freely,March
lants
moderately,Oct. to Dec; keep nearly dry afterwards.
Apply stimutwo
three times weekly. May
to Sept. Suitable
stimulants
or
:
Soot water, liquidguano,
nitrate of soda, cow
" horse manure.
Temp.
to Oct.
March
50" to 65"; Oct. to March
40" to 50".
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
OP
MUSK:
Soil, ordinary rich. Position,
moist shady border.
Plant, April or May.
CULTURE
OP
SPOTTED
MIMULUS
seeds on surface of light
: Sow
soil ; slightlycover
with fine mould
" place in temp. 55" to 65", Feb.,
three leaves have formed
March, or April. Transplant seedlingswhen
1 in. apart in shallow
boxes of light mould.
Place in temp. 55" until
Plant, outdoors, 4 in. apart, in
May, then transfer to cold frame.
June.
Soil, light,moist, well enPosition, shady bed or border.
riched
with
Mulch
with
refuse or
cocoanut-fibre
decayed manure.
decayed manure.
Apply stimulants
occasionally,
July to Sept.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
CULTURE
OF
(M. cardinaUs, etc.):Soil,
to
Position, moist, shady border.
Plant, March
ordinary rich.
to
Mulch
stimulants
J
une
Oct.
with
June.
occasionally,
Apply
in Oct.
in pots similar to common
decayed manure
May be grown
"
musk.
SPECIES:
Compost, two parts loam, one
"
sand.
Position, well-drained pots
leaf-mould, decayed
sticls or trellis. Pot,
trained
in light airy greenhouse; shoots
on
Water
March.
Oct.
to March, freelyafterwards.
Prune, Feb.
moderately
to
Oct.
March
40"
to
50"
50"
60".
March
to
Oct.
to
Temp.,
;
seeds
Feb.
to
on
surface
of
sown,
May,
Propagate by
light soU, "
with a little sand or fine mould, in temp. 55" to 60" ; cuttings
covered
of youn^ shoots inserted in lightsandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" at any
time; division of roots, Feb. to May; by cuttingsof shoots 2 in. long
inserted in sandy soil under
in
bell-^lass
temp. 55" to 65" in March,
cool
in
or
window,
in
greenhouse
or
summer.
SPECIES
oardinalis
PERENNIAL
i M.
(Cardinal Flower), scarlet, summer,
1 to
luteus
(Syn. M. ouprens), orang-e
3 ft., N. America;
and
6 to
crimson, summer,
luteus guttatns or maoulosus
12 ins., N. America;
(Spotted Mimnlus), parent of the
large-floweredspotted kinds, various, 6 to 8 in., summer:
mosohatns
(Must)
CULTURE
OF
SHRUBBY
cow
Miniature
manure
Sun-flower
See Heliopsis
(Heliopsisisevis)."
272
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Minorca
Box
OF
GARDENING.
Tree
See Buxus.
(Buxug balearica)."
Holly (Ilexbalearica)."
See Clematis.
Mint
See Mentha.
(Mentha viridis)."
Mirabilis
of
(Marvel
Peru)." Ord. Nyctaginaceae. Half-hardyperennials. Tuberous rooted.
1596.
First introduced
CULTUKE
: Soil, good, ordinary.
beds or borders.
Position, sunny
Plant tuberous
in April; seedlingsin June.
roots
Apply stimulants
when
in
tubers
Lift
Oct., and store
occasionally
plants are flowering.
in sand, cocoauut-iibre
refuse or cinder ashes in frost-proof
place until
soil
in
in.
in
April. Propagate by seeds sown
temp. 65"
light
^
deep
to 75", Feb. or March,
in May "
cold
frame
to
transferringseedlings
of
Marvel
planting out in June; division of tubers at planting time.
Minorca
Peru
be treated
annual.
2 ft., hybrid;
hybrida, Tarious
colours, snmmer,
.Talapa (Marvel of Peru), various
colours, summer,
fragrant, 2 to 3 ft., Trop.
America
colonrs, summer,
; lougiflora, various
fragrant, 3 ft., Mexico ; multiflora,
8 to 3 ft., N.W.
America.
purple, summer,
Miscanthus
Hardy
(Zebra-stripedPush). Ord. Gramineae.
Nat.
orn.
Leaves, narrow,
deep green,
foliaged grass.
Japan.
may
SPECIES
as
an
OULTITATBD:
M.
"
yellow.
creamy,
CULTUBE
heated,
Soil, ordinary.
Position, pots in cold, or
borders.
Pot
or
on
or
lawns,
plant,
greenhouse;
groups
sunny
March
or
April. Water
plantsin pots moderately in winter, freelyin
:
in
Variegated kinds
summer.
division
of
"
Missouri
macrocarpa).
"
Missouri
Mistletoe
Mistletoe
(CEnothera missouriensis
Evening'-Prlmrose
See
CEnothera.
See Brevoortia.
Hyacinth.
(Viscum album). See Visoum.
"
"
Cactus."
See
Bhipsalis.
MitCheila
(Chequer-berry; Deer-berry; Partridge-berry).Ord
First introduced
1761,
Bubiaceae.
trailingherb.
Hardy evergreen
Flowers
succeeded
by small scarlet berries.
leaf-mould.
CULTUBE
Position, shady
: Soil,equal parts peat "
rockeries.
borders
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Propagate
or
by division of roots in Oct. or March.
3 in.,
and purple, fragrant, summer,
white
CULTIVATED;
M, repens,
SPECIES
"
N.
America.
Mitel
"
April.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
M.
in.;
N.
America.
Hardy
"
evergreen
273
OF
ENOYCLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
to Oct.;
Water
freely, March
shady cold greenhouse or fernery.
inserted
in
shoots
of
afterwards.
cuttings
by
Propagate
moderately
to
frame
under
i
n
cold
or
soil
greenhouse,April
shady
light
bell-glass
Sept. ; division of roots in April.
SPECIES
OULTITATBD
'Mitre-pod
M.
"
Mitre-wort
"
Mitriostigrma
Stove evergreen
CULTURE:
"
Compost,
part loam,
one
one
"
"
"
MOCk-Oranse
"
Mock-Plane
Mock-Privet
See Malvastrum.
IVflodiola."
Mohria
(Frankincense). Ord.
"
"
introduced
Greenhouse
Filices.
"
First
ferns.
Fronds,
1842.
evergreen
feather-shaped, green,
fragrant.
two parts peat, one
stone,
part small lumps of sandsand.
well-drained
in
silver
Position,
part
pote shady part
in dwelling room.
Pot or
of greenhouse, or in beds in wardian
cases
March.
to
Feb.
Water
Oct.
wards.
or
Feb., freelyaftermoderately,
plant,
55"
to
March
65"
55".
to
to
to
March
45"
; Sept.
Temp.
Sept.
in
surface
of
fine
on
Propagate by spores sown
sandy peat
pans "
in
85"
time.
temp. 75" to
placed
any
OnLIIYATED
SFEOIES
: U.
oaSrorum, S. Africa.
Balm
Moldavian
(Dracoccphalum moldavicum). See Draco-
CULTURE
Compost,
one
"
cephalum.
Molinia
(IndianGrass; Lavender
Grass). Ord. Graminete. Hardy
perennialgrass. Leaves, smooth, rigid,variegatedwith white.
CULTUB.E:
Soil, ordinary. Position, open or shady, as edgings to
beds or borders.
Plant, Oct. or March
to June.
sion
Propagate by diviof roots, autumn
or
spring.
"
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
to 3 ft., Britain.
M.
ouerulea
with
white,
Ord.
Molopospermum
UmbelliferEe.
Hardy perennial;
foliage. Leaves, fern-like " graceful.
CULTURE:
Soil,deep, rich. Position,sunny, fullyexposed borders,
naturalisingin wild garden. Plant in March.
Propagate by seeds
"
orn.
or
outdoors
when
of roots in April.
ripe,or
sown
SPBOIES
tral
OULtaVATED:
M.
in cold
frame
oicutarium, yellow
and
also by division
'
white. May,
""
JjjUrope.
Momordlca
in March
(Balsam Apple)."Ord
274
Oucurbitacere.
3 to 4 ft
Cen'
Half-hardy
BNOYCLOPMBIA
annuals
GABDENINO.
OF
climbers.
oblong, or
Feb.
March.
or
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
M.
Balsamina
to
(Balsam
ft..Tropics.
(Sauromatum guttatum).
"
See
ft,,
Sauro-
matum.
Monarda
Mint).
"
Labiates.
in March;
SPECIES
summer,
4 ft., N.
Monardella"
introduced
First
CULTURE
borders.
dldyma
M.
America;
Ord.
"
in Oct. or Nov.
(Oswegro Tea or Sweet
Bergamot), scarlet,
flstulosa (Wild Bergamot), purple, summer,
3 to
of roots
division
CULTIVATED:
1 to 2 ft., N.
America.
Labiatae.
Hardy
annual
perennialherbs.
"
Leaves, fragrant.
Soil, ordinary. Position, open or partially shaded
:
annual
species
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. Sow
outdoors, where
1877.
required to
grow,
in March
April. Top-dresswith
or
manure
in
autumn
or
spring.
in.
America.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Ord.
Monochaetunii"
floweringshrubs.
CULTURE:
Compost,
part leaf-mould
greenhouse, Sept. to
"
one
March.
Prune
two
Melastomacese.
shoots
peat,
one
Position, well-drained
sunny
close
moderately
276
evergreen
fibrous
parts
little sand.
cold
June;
Greenhouse
OABDMNINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Syringing twice
freely afterwards.
June
to Oct.
stimulants
occasionally,
Apply
65".
55"
to
June
to
55"
March
45"
gate
PropaMarch
to
to
;
Temp., Sept.
well-drained
inserted
in
in.
3
of
2
to
shoots,
long,
by cuttings
or
April.
of sandy peat under
bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75", March
Oct.
moderately,
Water
daily, March
March,
to
June.
to
pots
off
Nip
induce
points of shoots
bushy growth.
of young
to
M.
OtJLTlTATED:
alpestro, red, winter, 2 ft., Mexioo; hEirtwegiannm,
red
and purple, winter, 2 ft., Caraccas;
2
humboldtianum,
winter,
ft.,
Peru;
rose,
and
mnltiflorum, mauve,
spring,
rose
violet,winter, 2 ft. ; sericeum
lemoineanum,
2 ft.. New
Grenada.
SPECIES
Aroideae.
Monstera.
climbers.
Oru.
"
foliage
fruiting.
"
Stove
evergreen
forated,
peraerial roots.
large, handsome,
Leaves,
with
dark
Stems, creeping, furnished
green.
Fruit, cylindrical,fragrant, pine-appleflavoured; ripe in autumn.
" loam, little
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould
sand.
border
Position, well-drained
against damp wall of stove or
to Oct.,
warm
freely,March
fernery. Plant, Feb. to April. Water
twice
March
to
afterwards.
once
daily,
Syringe
Sept.,
moderately
to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March
daily afterwards.
Temp., March
55" to 65".
in temp. 70"
Propagate by cuttingsof
80", any
to
the
stems
inserted
in
light soil
time.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Gravia
M. aonminata
paradoia),
:
(Syn. M. tenuis and
the Shingle Plant, yellow, aummer,
fruit,
Trop. America
; deliciosa,yellow, summer,
delicious,Mexico.
Montbretia."
See
Tritonia.
Cypress
"
Pine-tree
CRosa.
Rose
"
"
Moon
Fern
Moon-seed
"
Moon-Vtfort
Morsea
"
Halfbulbous
plants. First introduced 1597.
CULTURE:
well-drained
Soil, light rich sandy.
Position, sunny
border.
Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing bulbs 4 in. deep " 2 in. apart.
Lift " replant bulbs annually.
Mulch
of bed in March
surface
with
"
hardy
cow
manure.
POT
mould
Place
fibre
CULTURE
or
decayed
cow
Compost,
begins.
two
under
moderately from
Water
or
growth
until
flowers
offsets treated
as
advised
for
bulbs.
M.
bioolor, yellow and
SPECIES. CULTIVATED:
2 ft.,
brown, summer,
fl"""',J"t"'^?''^'"'
S^^-?-,
^'i^robinsoniana),the Wedding Flower, white, summer,
to 6
Lord
and
ft..
red, summer,
Moreton
Moreton
Araucaria.
Howes
Islands; unguioulata
(Syn. Vieusseiia
1 ft.
Bay
Bay
Lily
S.
white
unguioularis),
'
Pine-tree
(Araucaria
Cunninghami).
'
276
"
See
ENOTOLOP^DIA
sand.
Sept.
GARDENING.
OF
to
cold frame, June
greenhouse, Sept. to June;
wards.
afterWater
to Oct., moderately
freely,March
after
repottinguntil
Apply stimulants
occasionally a month
March
45"
to 55";
cease.
expand, then
Temp., Sept. to
Position,
Pot, March.
flowers
to June
March
55" to 65".
shoots
to within
3 in. of their
Cut down
base
after flowering.
Young plants: Insert cuttings 3 in. long of
in light sandy soil in temp. 65" in Feb.
shoofs
March.
or
young
When
main
rooted, place singly in SJin. pots.
Nip off point of
Shift into 5 or 6 in.
3 in. long.
shoots, also of succeeding shoots when
Water
former
freely. Apply
pots when
pots are filled with roots.
stimulants
to
pagate
occasionally. Place in cold frame, June
Sept. Proby cuttingsinserted in sandy soil in a temp. 65" in spring.
M.
and
SPEOIES
CULTIVATED:
purple, winter, 2 to 3 ft.,
riparium, white
S. Africa.
MosSi"
Moss
See
Selaginella.
Campion
Moss
Silene.
Moss
Mossy
Mossy
Pink
Silene.
(Phlox
subulata
Silene
and
Rose
Phlox
acaulis).See
Phlox
"
and
"
Saxifraga.
(LinariaCymbalaria). See Linaria.
Mother-Of-Thousands
(Linaria cymbalaria " Saxifraga
Linaria
"
See
sarmentosa).
Saxifraga.
Moth-plant
(Phaleeuopsisschilleriana).See Phalaenopsis.
'Mountain
Ash
(Pyrus aucuparia). See Pyrus.
'Mountain
Avens
(Dryas octopetala).See Dryas.
Mountain
Bladder
Fern
See
(Cystopterismontana).
Cystopteris.
Mountain
Fern
Buckler
(Nephrodium montanum)." See
Nephrodium.
"
Mother
O'
Millions
"
"
"
"
"
"
Mountain
Mountain
'Mountain
Mountain
{Mountain
sotis.
Centaury
Clematis
"
Elm
(Ulmus
Flea-bane
montana).
"
(Erigeron
Forget-me-not
See
TJlmus.
alpinus). See
"
Erigeron.
Mountain-Fringe
Mountain
"
See
Sem-
pervivum.
Mountain
Mountain
Ixia-Lily
Kidney
(Ixiolirionmontanum).
Vetch
See
"
Ixiolirion.
(Anthyllis montana).
"
t^^e
Anthyllis.
'Mountain
Mountain
Mountain
Mad-wort
See Alyssum.
(Alyssum montanum).
(Monarda didyma)." See Monarda.
Fern
Parsley
See
(Cryptogramme crispa).
"
Mint
"
Cryptogrammo.
'Mountain
Pink
Mountain
Mountain
Mountam
Mountain
Sage."
Mountain
Mountain
Lantaua.
Sandwort
Sweet
(CeanotfiuB
americanus)."See
278
Ceanothus.
MNOTOLOPMDIA
Mountain
theiia.
Mountain
OABDSNING.
OF
(Gaultheria procumtens).
Tea-plant
"
Gaul-
See
Violet
(Viola lutea). See Viola.
Atlas
Cedar
(Cedrus atlantica)."'See Cedrus.
Widow
(Scabiosa atro-purpurea)."See Scabiosa.
Iris (IrisSusiana)."See Iris.
"
Mount
Mournful
Mourning'
(Cerastium tomentosum).
Clliclcweed
Mouse-ear
Cerastium.
Plant
Moustache
teris.
(Gloriosavirescens).See Gloriosa.
(Native Ivy of Australia). Ord. Polygonaoeae.
Plants with fernlike
climbing plants. Evergreen.
Lily
Mozambique
Muhlenbeckia
"
"
trailing"
Hardy
foliage.
introduced
First
1822.
SoiU sandy
Oct., Nov., March, or April.
CULTTJEE:
Nov.
Protect,
April by covering
to
in
cuttings inserted
litter or
Propagate by
to Sept.
shady position outdoors, June
fern.
adpressa, Australia
: M.
Zealand.
variety ; Tarians, New
Morns.
See
CULTIVATED
SPECmS
plexa
dwarf
nana,
Mulberry.
(Hemionitiapalmata).
Fern
Mule
Pink.
"
varieties
Hybrid
"
Mulgedium.
See
"
Mummy
of Dianthus.
Verbascus.
Pisum.
^WlTTJEE
in
borne
by oblong pods
Compost,
"
Jan.
yellow,scarlet, green;
Inflorescence,
"
oom-
Hemionitis.
See
"
manure
Lactuca.
Mullein
1690.
Zealand
New
of
soil in
sandy
"
Mule
Musa
compleia,
Plant,
rockery.
Position, junny
loam.
dry
See
"
huge
Leaves,
clusters.
two
ceous
herbaStove
First introduced
April; succeeded
to
large, oblong,
very
part well-decayed
one
lofty sunny
Position, pots, tubs or
part sand.
Feb. to Oct ;
Water
copiously,
to
Jan.
April.
or
plant,
to
Syringe twice daily,leb.
fortnightly afterwards.
essMitial.
Apply
Moist
atmosphere
daily, Sept. to Feb.
beds
one
stove.
~"Pot
about
once
Sept.;
once
in
to Oct.
Temp., March
times weekly, March
60" to 70".
to March
to Oct.
sheltered
Position, sunny
ENSETE
:
M.
OF
CULTTJEE
OUTDOOR
week
second
first or
m. June,
in position
Place
borders or nooks.
Water
rfm in the ground.
plunging pot or tub to its
May
stove m
Sept
Lift " replace m
week.
a
stimulants once
lifted m
watered
in
soil
freely
June,
rich
also be planted in ordinary
in temp. 45" to 55" until following
Sept " roots stored close
stiWants
three
70" to 85"; Oct.
twice
or
copiousl
Ippll
l^ogether
June
Propagate
by suckers
parent plant
from
removed
placed m
"
5"
Pt'E^UTl?iT"Df"M!'cIveXMif
used
AbyS.ktad
20
k, Tripios;
sapientum
plants.
OD'TOOOE
borders,
beds
(Banana). 10
to
paradisiaoa (Plantain).
-rr
j
Hardy
Liliaceae.
x,
tu
bulbous
Deciduous.
CULTUEE:
or
sapientum
summer;
(Grape Hyacinth)."Ord.
Muscari
flowering
in
10 to 20 ft
En.ete,
ft., CMna;
rockeries.
Position,
SttforplaWng:
Plant,
Small bulbs
Aug.
deep
2 in.
279
to Nov.
"
in.
in
lines
or
sunny
masses.
apart; large
bulbs
Encyclopedia
deep
4 in.
"
in.
to
gardening.
of
decayed
witli
Mulch
apart.
Nov.
manure,
POT
when
to
old.
years
SPECIES
albnm,
white;
comosum
"
"
"
"
"
"
April.
to
65"
to
Prune
85";
Oct.
moderately
flowering.
after
Feb., 55"
to
to
65".
moderately, Sept. to
Temp.,
Feb.
Water
to
Oct.,
freely,AprU
Sept.;
April; keep somewhat
dry, Nov.
Propagate by cuttingsof young
to
" Feb.
Nov.
to
Feb.
Oct.
to
Syringe daily,
shoots in sandy soil under
in temp. 70" to 80", May to July.
bell-glass
SPECIES
M.
CULTIVATED
:
erythrophylla, yellow, bracts crimson, winter, 1 ft.,
Trop. Africa; frondosa, yellow, Aug., 2 to 3 ft., India; niacrophylla, orange.
May,
4 to 6 ft., Nepanl.
Mustard
(Salading)."Stee Brassica.
to
Feb.
Mutisia.
"
Ord.
Greenhouse
Compositse.
First introduced
Evergreen.
floweringshrubs.
OP
CULTURE
one
GREENHOUSE
part leaf-mould,
trained
Prune
up
rafters
slightlyafter
or
half
SPECIES:
-part
round
sand.
trellises.
flowering. Water
Apply stimulants
or
Compost
Position, pots
Pot
or
hardy climbing
1823.
two
or
parts loam,
beds; shoots
pl^nt,Feb.
freely,March
to
March.
rately
Sept.,modeor
afterwards.
to
occasionally.May
Sept
March
to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
40" to 50"
OF
CULTURE
HARDY
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary rich.
Position,
well-drained
border
against sheltered,
shaded
wall.
Plant
Temp.,
partially
Oct., March,
April. Water
freelyxn dry weather.
Protect
from
slugs by placing layer of fine coke or cinders round
base
of stems.
Propagate greenhouse species by cuttings of half-ripenedshoots inserted
sand
under
in
in temp. 55" to 65",
bell-glass
May or Junehardy speciesby cuttingsof similar shoots inserted in sand in shady
cold frame
or
greenhouse in April or May.
or
2:0
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GBEBNHOUSB
SPECIES
HARDY
SPECIES:
M.
deourrons,
JVIyOSOtidium
ginacese. Hardy
M.
GARDENING.
orange,
(Chatham
herbaceous
Islands
G to
10
ft.,Peru.
ft.. Chili.
6 to 10
summer,
Ord.
Forget-me-not)."
Bora-
perennial.
1858.
First introduced
CTJLTTTEE:
der.
Soil, ordinary. Position, cool " damp sheltered borPlant, Oct. or March.
Water
freely in dry weather.
gate
Propa1-16 in. deep in April where
by seeds sown
plants are required to
This plant should
be disturbed
little as possible.
as
grow.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: M.
nobilo, blue and white, spring, 12 to 18 in.,Chatham
Island.
MyOSOtiS
(Forget-me-not; Scorpion Grass).-Ord. Boraginaceae.
Hardy perennials.
CUiiTUEE
OF
M. ALPESTEIS
Position,
: Soil, moist
grittyloam.
sandstone.
small
of
partiallyshady roctery, surrounded
by
pieces
Plant, March
or
April.
"
CULTTJEE
OF
in
OTHEE
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary.
Position,
as
Plant,
edgings
partiallyshady beds or borders.
in.
4
to
best
These
treated
6
Nov.,
Oct.,
or
March,
are
as
apart.
in April,May
outdoors
biennials
or
^namely,raised from seed sown
June, transplantedinto the beds or borders in Oct. to flower following
in spring or
1-16 in. deep outdoors
year.
Propagateby seeds sown
inserted
in
soil
under
sandy
hand-light in June or
summer;
cuttings
in
division
March
Oct.
roots
of
or
July;
CULTIVATED
M.
white,
SPECIES
:
rupioola), blue and
alpestris (Syn. M.
and
July, 3 in., Europe ; alpestris elegantissima, white, rose, and
fragrant, June
blue ; alpestris striota, ereot growing, sky blue ; alpestris "victoria,sky-blue, 6 in. ;
azorica
6 to 10 in., Azores;
alba, white; azorica
Imperatrice
azorioa, blue, summer,
to July, 8 to 10 in.,Alps ; disElisabeth, bluish purple : dissitiflora,sky blue, March
to July, 6 to 12 in., Britain;
sitiflora alba, white; palustris,sky blue. May
palustris
Thumb,
sky blue, 3 to 6 in. ; sylvatica,
semperfiorenB, long flowering ; palustris Tom
and
its varieties, grandiflora and
blue and
1 to 2 ft., Britain;
yellow, summer,
I
elegantissima.
Ord.
duous
Myrica,
Myricacese. Hardy deci(Candle-berry Myrtle).
shrubs.
grant.
" evergreen
Leaves, lance-shaped,green, highly frato,
or
in
masses
"
"
ders.
Position, open sheltered bordeciduous
Nov. to Feb. ;
Prune
Plant, Oct. to March.
species,
| in. deep in
species,April. Propagate by seeds sown
evergreen
in autumn
serted
ordinary soil in sheltered positionoutdoors
; cuttings inin sandy soil in sheltered
position outdoors, Sept. or Oct. ;
layering shoots in Sept. or Oct. ; division of plants, Oct. to March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
M.
asplenifolia),brown,
asplenifolia (Syn. Comptonia
oerifera
(Candle-berry or Wax
Myrtle), brown, May,
April, 3 to 4 ft., N. America;
15 to 20 ft., Amerioa;
Gale
(Sweet Gale), brown. May, 4 ft., N. Europe (Britain).
ciduous
Myricaria,
Hardy de(German Tamarisk). Ord. Tamaricaceae.
CULTTJEE
Soil, moist
sandy peat.
"
flowering shrub.
First
introduced
1582.
CXILTXJEE
Position, open sunny borders or
; Soil, ordinary,sandy.
pagate
Proto Feb.
into shape,
Nov.
banks.
Prune
Plant, Oct. to March.
1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in open sunny
position
by seeds sown
in March
outdoors
or
April; cuttingsof firm young shoots inserted in
sandy soil outdoors, Aug. to Nov.
M.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
germanioa (Syn. Tamarix
germanioa), pink, July,
:
6 to 8 ft.,Europe.
Plum
Myrobalan
(Prunus cerasifera). See Prunus.
"
MyrrhiS
aromatic
(Sweet
herb.
Orn.
Cicely). Ord.
"
foliage.
Leaves
281
Hardy perennial
grant.
finelydivided, fern-like, fra-
UmbellifcrtE.
OF
ENOTOLOPMDIA
aAIlDENINO.
borders.
Plant,
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary. Position, open
sunny
Oct. or March.
J in. deep in ordinary soil
Propagate by seeds sown
outdoors, Sept. or April; division of roots, Oct. or March.
M.
CULTITATBD:
SPECIES
odorata, white. May, 3 "t., Europe (Britain).
See Asparagus.
Myrsiphyllum."
Myrtle
(Myrtus communis). See Myrtus.
(Acorus calamus). See Acorus.
Myrtle-Flag'
" half-hardy
Myrtus
(Myrtle). Ord. Myrtaceae. Greenhouse
First
introduced
"
shrubs.
1597.
orn.
Flowering
foliage.
evergreen
Flowers, white, fragrant; May to July.
Fruit, oblong or round,
"
"
"
GREENHOUSES
IN
"
edible.
Leaves,
Compost,
egg
or
lance-
two
Position, well-drained
part sand.
pots
in
beds
with
shoots
trained
to
tubs, or
or
walls, in light sunny
airy
greenhouses. Place pot plants in sunny
positionoutdoors, June to
into shape, Feb.
Prune
AVater copiously,
Sept. Pot, Feb. or March.
March
to Oct. ; moderately afterwards.
to
Syringe daily, March
Oct.
once
a
week. May to Sept.,to healthy plants
Apply stimulants
to Sept.,55" to 65"; Sept. to March, 45" to 50"
only. Temp., March
in dwelling rooms
windows
under
similar treatment.
or
May be grown
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary sandy.
Position, welldrained
borders
against sheltered S. walls in S. or S.W. of England
Protect, Oct. to March, in severe
only. Plant, Oct. or March.
winters, with mats or straw.
J in. deep in
Propagate by seeds sown
60"
70"
soil
in
in
to
autumn
or
sandy
spring; cuttingsof young
temp.
in temp. 65"
shoots, 2 in. long, inserted in sandy soil under
bell-glass
of
firm
to 75", springand
2
to
3 in. long,
shoots,
summer;
cuttings
soil
in
cool
inserted
June
window,
in
or
greenhouse or
sandy
July;
branches, 5 to 6 in. long, inserted in bottles of water
suspended in
window
or
greenhouse, summer.
sunny
M.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
communis
Zealand;
bullata, 10 to 15 ft.. New
(Common
Myrtle), 6 to 10 ft., S. Europe, hardy ; communis
flore-pleno,doubleflowered; communis
(Syn. Eugenia Lnma), 3 ft.,Chili;
varieg;ata,variegated; Luma
TJgni (Syn. Eugenia Ugni), 4 to 6 ft., Chili, hardy; Ugni Tariogata, Tariegated.
Ord. Gesneriaceae.
herbaceous
Stove tuberous-rooted
Nsegella.
"
1840.
introduced
orn.
perennials. Flowering
foliage. First
one
"
heart-shaped,green
Leaves,
CULTURE
Compost,
or
two
crimson, velvety.
parts fibrous peat,
part loam,
one
little
" silver
decayed manure
shadjrpart of plant stove.
sand.
one
Position,
well-drained
to
pots or pans in
Pot, March
flower in summer;
June to flower in winter.
May to flower in autumn;
1 in. deep singlyin 5 in. pots, or
Place
tubers
1 to 2 in. apart in larger
sizes.
Water
moderately from time growth begins until plants are
4 in. high, then
3 or
freely. After flowering,gradually withhold
till foliage dies down, then
water
keep dry till potting time. Apply
weak
twice
once
or
week
when
flower buds
a
show.
liquid manure
peat
55"
stage
sown
or
in
March
to Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept. to
Store
when
foliage has decayed on their sides
till potting time
in temp, of 50" to 55".
Propagate by
surface of well-drained pots of sandy peat, in temp. 75",
to
on
75".
April; cuttings of
temp.
75"
to
85"
in
young
shoots
spring, division
time.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
N.
ft.,Mexico;
multi-
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Nail-wort."
See
OF
Paronychia.
Naked-flowered
Azalea
(Ehododendrou
Rhododendron.
Naked-flowered
nudiflora)." See
Crocus
See Crocua.
(Crocus nudiflorus)."
(Heavenly Bamboo)." Ord. Berheridaceae.
Half-hardy
Nandina
evergreen
floweringshrubs.
CULTURE
: Soil, peat "
loam.
mild districts only. Plant in
in
inserted in sandy peat in a warm
OTJLTITlTED:
SPECIES
i-eadisa
GASDBNIN0.
tint
autumn,
in
Nankeen
N.
Position, sheltered
May
or
beds
or
borders
greenhouse
domestioa, white,
in
spring
summer,
4 to 6
or
summier.
ft.,leaves
aBBume
Japan.
Nanodes.
Narbonne
Narcissus
Flower; Lent
See
Flax
Epidendrum.
(Linum narbonenae). See Linum.
Sacred
(Daffodil;Jonquil; Chinese
Lily; Chalice
Lily).Ord. Amaryllidaceas. Hardy bulbous perennials.
Classification
"
"
"
Narcissi
sections or
main
Medio-CoroII.
groups,
Magni-Coronati (Trumpet Daffodils).
nati (Chalice-cupped
Daffodils
Star Narcissi). III. Parvi-Coronati
or
Poet's
or
(Dolly-cup
Narcissi).Group I. have large trumpets; II.,
short trumpets or cups;
III., very short cups or trumpets. To first
the
"
belong
group
followingtypes: Yellow, white " yellow (Bicolor),
:
are
divided
into
three
viz.: I.
cream
OUTDOOR
loam for
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary for common
kinds; sandy
" vars.
bulbocodium
; peaty soil for N. cyclamineus. No
must
be applied. Position, partiallyor quite shady beds or
manure
borders facing N. or N.E. for robust
kinds; rockeries sheltered from N.
N.E. winds
for choice or dwarf
kinds.
or
Plant, June to Oct.
Depth
for planting,3 to 4 in. on
in.
6
on
soils;
heavy
light soils. Distance
Lift N. bulbocodium
in July " replant in Oct.;
apart, 2 to 6 in.
other kinds every three or four years in July. Do not remove
foliage
until quite dead.
for
Manures
of basic slag or 4 oz. of bonemeal
: 4 oz.
of
for
above
of
soils.
heavy soils; ^oz.
sulphate
potash
sandy
Apply
quantitiesper square yard before planting.
holes 2 to 3 in. wide, 3 in. deep. Place
CULTURE
: Make
IN TURF
"
Grass
bulb in each
with soil " turf.
one
cover
Plant, July to Oct.
until
must
leaves turn
not be cut
yellow.
INDOOR
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts fibrous loam, one
part
or
leaf-mould, one part sand.
Pot, Aug. to Nov.,
well-decayedmanure
placing 3 large, 6 medium-sized, or 12 small bulbs in a 5-in. pot.
Depth for planting: Allow apex to just appear above surface of soil.
in frame
until growth begins,
or
Position, under cinder ashea outdoors
window.
Water
then remove
to greenhouse or
only when
growth
weak
afterwards.
stimulants
when
Apply
moderately
commences;
for
55"
65"
to
After
flowers appear.
flowering,
forcing,
Temp,
" N. cyclamineus, outplant bulbs, except those of N. bulbocodium
after
latter
the
aoil
of
doora.
flowering.
dry
Keep
N.
283
gabdhnino.
of
enoyoloPjEdia
fill a Japanese
CHINESE
LILY:
Half
OP
CULTUEE
SACKED
this.
to just cover
bowl with shingle or gravel, " add 8uflB.oieut water
Put
bowl
in
"
surround
with
Place
bulb
the
on
shingle
pebbles.
then
to
dark
until
remove
light. Change
cupboard
growth begins,
water
once
a week;
use
tepidwater only. Bulbs usually flower 5 to 6
weeks
after being placed in
bowls; useless after flowering. Propagate
seeds
sown
Jin. deep in pans of sandy loam in cold frame in
by
autumn,
transplantingseedlingsfollowingyear 1 in. apart in bed of
soil
in shady positionoutdoors; by offsets, removed
from
old
sandy
in
for
advised
bulbs
as
July or Aug., " replanted at onoe
parent bulbs.
Seedlingbulbs flower when three to six years old.
SPEOlls CULTIVATED:
and
N. biflorus, white
yellow. May, 1 ft., Europe;
Bulbooodium
(Hoop-pettiooat Daffodil), yellow, April, 6 in., S. Europe, and its
Graellsii
Tarietiea, oitrinus (sulphur-yellow), conspicuus (yeliow),
(sulphur-yellow),
and
1 ft., Pyrenees ;
monophyllus
white, sprmgr,
cyolamineuB
(white); oernuus,
and
(Oyclamen-ilowered Daffodil), lemon
yellow, springr,1 ft., Portugal; gracilis,
yellow,April, 1 ft.,France ; inoomparabilis (Chalice-cup Daffodil),
yellow, April.l ft.,
Europe; Johnstonii, pale sulphur, 1 ft., Portugal; jonquilla (Jonquil),yellow, April,
9 in.,Spain; jonquilla flore-pleno,double; juncifolius (Bush-leaved Daffodil),yellow,
spring, 1 ft.,S. Europe; MaoLeayii, cream,
March, 6 in., Pyrenees; major, yellow,
March, 1 ft,,Europe; maximus, yellow, April, 1 ft.,Europe; minor, yellow, March,
9 in., Europe;
minor
minimus, sulphur-yellow, 6 in.; mosohatus
(Musk Daffodil),
odorus
white, April, 1 ft., Pyrenees;
(Campernel), yellow. May, 1 ft., Spain;
terranean
poeticus (Poet's Daffodil and Pheasant's
Eye Narcissus), white. May, 1 ft., MediDaffodil or Lent
(Common
Region; Pseudo-narcissus
Lily),yellow, March,
1 ft.,Europe (Britain); pseudo-narcissus bicolor, white
and yellow ; serotinus, white
and
and
Chinese
yellow, Sept., 1 ft., S. Europe; Tazetta
(Polyanthus Narcissus
and
Sacred
triandrus
Lily), white
yellow, March, 1 ft., Mediterranean
Region;
(Angel's Tears), white, April, 6 to 9 in., Spain; triandrus
calathinns, sulphuryellow.
N.
PRINCIPAL
HYBRIDS:
Backhousei, sulphur and
yellow; Barrii, sulphur
and
Burbidgei, white, yellow and red; Humei, sulphur and lemon-yellow;
orange;
varieties of each of above.
Leedsii, white and sulphur. Numerous
DOUBLE-FLOWERED
PRINCIPAL
DAFFODILS."
Capax plenus, lemon; cemuus
plenus, white; lobularis plenus, yellow; minor
plenus, yellow; Telemonius
plenus,
and Eg^s, yellow and orange;
yellow; Butter
Eggs and Bacon, white and orange;
and
and
Codlins
white
Cream,
sulphur; Queen Anne's
Jonquil (N. odorus plenus),
yellow; and Camperuelli plenus, yellow.
NartheciUiYl
(Common Bog Asphodel). Ord. Liliaceae.
Hardy
herbaceous
perennials.
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, moist beds, borders or margins
"
of
Oct.
March.
or
seeds sown
in March
or
April, where plants are required
to grow;
division of roots in Oct. or March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
N. ossifragum, yellow, July, 6 in., Europe (Britain).
Nasturtium.
A
term
commonly but erroneously applied to
Propagate by
"
Tropaeolum majus.
Nasturtium
(Water Cress)."Ord.
Aquatic.
herb.
CULTUEE
Dimensions
length.
IN
Leaves,
BEDS
of
beds, 3
Depth of soil, IJ
to
Cruciferse.
Hardy perennial
green
IN WATEE
to 4ft. wide;
or
to
3 in.
Gin.
deep;
no
limit
as
to
water
IJin. when
Depth
flow
growing freely; 6 in. in winter.
must
Water
through beds, not be stagnant.
Plant, May and June for gathering
in Aug. to Feb.; Sept. to Nov.
for gathering Feb. to May.
Eeplant
beds twice annualljr.Distance
for planting,6 in. apart m
2 ft.
rows,
between
Soil must
rows.
be removed
each planting. Gather
the tops
planted; 3
once
CULTUEE
water
first
in. when
week;
of
cut, not
IN
open
air
PANS
or
off.
break, them
:
Soil, ordinary.
under
glass.
284
Stow
Position, tubs
seeds
1-16 in.
or
deep
tanks of
in March
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GARDENING.
TariouB
colours, summer,
ft.
Nemophila,
Hardy
Ord.
(CalifornianBlue-bell).
First introduced
1822.
trailingannuals.
"
Hydrophyllacea.
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
:
in
Soil, ordinary.
Position, in masses
or
lines as edgings to sunny
beds or borders.
Sow
seeds 1-16 in. deep in
March
in Aug. or Sept. for flowering
or
April for floweringin summer;
in spring. Thin seedlingsto 1 or 2 in. apart when
i in. high.
two
POT
CULTURE
; Compost,
parts good ordinary soil, one
part
leaf -mould
Size of pots it^in. diameter.
or
manure.
well-decayed
Place 1 in. of drainage in pots, cover
with moss
" fillup to within J in.
of rim with above
Sow
seeds thinly,slightly
compost pressed firmly.
"
with
in
fine
cool
mould,
place pots
covering
shady frame or window.
when
at
Water
first,freely
moderately
seedlingsappear.
Apply weak
stimulants
twice weekly when
once
or
plants begin to flower. Position
in flower, cold sunny
when
frame.
or
greenhouse, window
CULTIVATED:
N. aurita, purple and
1 ft., California;
SPECIES
violet,summer,
1 ft., Cfalifornia;
insignis alba, white; insignia
jnsignis,blue and white, summer,
and
white
blue ; maculata, white
and
'grandiflora,
6 in., California;
purple, summer,
6 in., California.
Menziesii, white or blue, summer,
Laburnum
Nepaul
See Piptauthus.
(Piptanthus nepalensis)."
Nepaul
Nepaul
Poppy
See
(Meconopsis nepalensis)."
Trumpet-flowrer
(Beaumontia
Saxifraga.
See
grandiflora)."
Beaumontia.
"
green
with
mottled
CULTURE
red, brown
:
sphagnum moss.
part of stove.
Compost,
"
two
Position
Plant,
or
crimson.
fibrous
parts good brown
suspended from
in baskets
re-basket, Feb.
286
or
March.
peat,
roof
one
in
part
shady
Temp., March
BNOYCLOPMDIA
to
Sept.
OF
70"
GARDEN
IN 0.
Water
copiously,
all the
twice
daily
Syringe
Moist atmosphere very. essential.
pagate
ProShade
from sun.
year round.
surface of mixture
on
of fibrous peat " sphagby seeds sown
num
in well-drained
moss
covered
with
bell-glass" placed in a
pan
moist frame
heated
to temp, of 80" to 85"; cuttings of one
year old
shoots inserted singly in small pots plunged in bottom
heat of 85" any
time.
March
to
65"
75".
to
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
N. alto-marginata, green,
red, and white, Singapore;
bioalcarata, green, Borneo ; Curtisii,green, crimson, and purple, Borneo
; northiana,
and
India ; eanguinea,
green
red, and
brown,
purple, Borneo ; rafflesiana, green,
blood red, Malaya;
Veitohii, green, Borneo; Tentricosa, green, brown, and crimson,
Philippines. Numerous
pretty hybrids.
Nepetcl,
(Cat-mint; Ground
Ivy). Ord. Labiatae.
trailingperennials. Leaves, heart-shaped,dark
"
Hardy
or
herbaceous
gated
varie-
green
with
white.
CULTTJEE
or
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
beds, borders
rockeries.
N. Glechoma
Plant, Oct. to March.
variegata also makes
a pretty basket
plant for a cool greenhouse or window; or for draping
1-16 in. deep where
in
greenhouse.
Propagate by seeds sown
staging
division
of roots, Oct. to
to
to
March
are
May;
plants
required
grow,
March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
N. Glechoma
variegata (Variegated Ground
:
Syn.
Itj;),
Gleohoma
; Mussinii, blue,
hederacea, leaves
silvery, trailing, Europe (Britain)
2 ft., Caucasia.
summer,
Nephrodium
(Buckler Fern)." Ord. Filices. Stove, greenhouse,
"
hardy
ferns.
CTTLTTJEE
OP
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES;
Position, well-drained
loam, leaf-mould, peat " sand.
or
Pot or plant, Feb., March,
rockeries, in shade.
Water
April.
division
sown
on
of plants at potting or
surface of sandy soil in
N.
SPECIES
albo-punotatum, Masoarene
:
N.
287
"
,,
FjNOyolopmdia
ler
Fern,
Lastrea
Shield
and
N.
varieties, Europe
America;
rigidum (Syn.
(Britain), and
Temperate
dilatum). Prickly
Zone;
spinulosum
(Syn. Lastrea
Zone
Temperate
(Britain); Thelypteris (Syn. Lastrea
Theiypteris),
Zone
Fern, N. Temperate
(Britain).
N.
Fern,
Buckler
N.
Nephrolepis
ferns.
plain
(Ladder
First
introduced
crested.
or
CULTURE
lumpy
gardening.
its
rigidum),
Female
of
JPern). Ord.
"
1793.
Stove
Filices.
Fronds, linear,
evergreen
divided,
once
narrow,
"
sand,
two
parts
in welldrained
in
of
beds
or
stove.
Pot
or
pots
shady part
plant, Feb. or
Water
March.
to
Oct.
afterwards.
March; freely
moderately,
Temp.,
55" to 60"^;
March
to Sept. 65" to 75".
Sept. to March
Propagate by
surface of pans of sandy peat under
on
" placed
bell-glass,
spores sown
in temp. 75" to 85", any
division
of
time;
plants, Feb., March, or
April ; pegging down creeping stems bearing young plants " removing
peat.
roof,
or
rooted.
when
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
N. Bausei, 12 to 18 in.. Garden
origin; cordifolia,1 to
ft., Tropics; dayallioides, 1 ft., Java;
Duffli, 1 ft., Australia; exaltata
(Ladder
rufescens, 2 to 3 ft., Tropics;
Fern), 2 to 3 it., Tropics; i-luma, 1 ft., Madagascar;
tripinnatiflda,2
Nerine
to
ft., Solomon
Lily;
(Guernsey
Greenhouse
ryllidaceae.
Islands.
bulbous
Several
varieties.
Guernsey Lily).Ord.
Scarlet
"
plants.
Deciduous.
First
Ama-
introduced
1680.
CULTURE
cow
manure
placing one
or
Compost,
part well-decayed
parts sandy loam, one
sand.
Pot, Aug. to Nov.,
part coarse
depth in a 4J-in.pot, or three in a 6-in. pot;
two
leaf-mould,
bulb
half its
one
manure.
Position,
Plant,
Aug. to Nov.,
covering of dry litter.
manure.
decayed cow
by
offsets
well-drained
borders
at
sunny
to 3 in. deep. Protect, Nov.
base
to
of S. wall.
April, with
Lift
removed
when
CULTIVATED:
N.
"
CULTURE:
Compost,
two
posed
parts sandy loam, one
part well-decompart sand.
Position, pots,
greenhouse or window; place
" one
manure,
part leaf-mould
well-drained
tubs
beds in light sunny
or
pot or tub plants outdoors, June to Sept.
one
immediately
previous year's growth
Prune
after
flowering,or
to
within
288
or
ENOYOLOPMDIA
OF
OABDENING.
long, inserted
greenhouse
in bottles
in
summer;
of rain
or
singly in 2-in.
leaf-mould
springor
or
suspended in sunny window
pots in a compost of equal
sand, placed under bell-glass
in temp.
water,
"
summer.
OCrLTITATED:
SPECIES
6 to 12 ft.. Orient;
and
its
(double rosy pink) ; Madonna
N. Oleander
lOleander or Rose
Bay), red, Bummer,
varieties, album
plenum (double white); Henri
Mares
grandiflorum (double cream) ; and splendens (double
Nertera,
"
Greenhouse
(Fruiting Duckweed). Ord. Eubiaceae.
Orn. fruiting. First introduced
half-hardycreepingperennial herb.
Berries
1868.
red or
crimson.
round, bright orange
INDOOR
CULTTJEE
: Compost, two
parts sandy loam, one part leaf"
mould
"
sand.
Position, small
Pot, Feb.
part of greenhouse.
Sept.; moderately afterwards.
well-drained
pots or pans in shady
March.
Water
to
freely,March
to Oct.
50" to 60";
Temp., March
or
40" to 50".
Oct. to March
OUTDOOE
CULTUEE
: Soil, ordinary light rich.
Position, moist
sheltered
ledges of shady rockery. Plant, March
or
April. Water
in dry weather.
in severe
Protect
weather
with
bell or
hand-glass.
1-16 in. deep in light sandy soil in temp. 55"
Propagate by seeds sown
to 65" March
or
April; division of plants in March or April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
N. depressa, 1 to 2 in., flowers green,
Australasia.
Ferrii
See Gleichenia.
Net
"
Netted-flOMrered
Toad-flax
(Linaria reticulata).
See
"
Linaria.
Nettle
Geranium
Nettle-leaved
See Coleus.
(Coleusfruticosus)."
Bell-flower
(Campanula Traohelium)."See
Campanula.
Nettie
Tree
See Celtis.
(Celtisaustralis)."
Lily (Lilium washiugtonianum). See Lilium.
duous
(Alabama Snow Wreath). Ord. Eosacese.
Hardy decishrub.
flowering
CULTUEE
: Soil, good ordinary.
Position, sunny sheltered shrubbery.
of
Plant in autumn.
shoots
Propagate by cuttings half-ripened
in summer;
inserted
in sandy soil in cold frame
also by layering in
Nevada
Neviusa
"
"
autumn.
SPECIES
New
"
See
New
New
New
CULTITATED:
N.
Caledonia
Araucaria.
England
England
Jersey
Mayflower
Star-wort
Tea-plant
(Epigaearepens)."See Epigaea.
See Aster.
(AsterNovse-Angliae)."
(Ceanothusamericanus). See Ceano"
thus.
Newman's
beckia.
New
Zealand
Grisellina.
New
Zealand
Cone-flower
"
Broad-leaf
Bur
Eud-
(Eudbeckia speciosa).See
(Grisellinamacrophylla).
"
(Acaenamicrophylla). See
"
289
Acaena.
L
See
Clematis
Zealand
New
Olematia.
New
cuius.
New
New
OABDSNINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Eanun-
(RanunculusLyalli). See
OOt
Zealand
Crovw-f
Zealand
Zealand
Bush
Daisy
Dragon-plant
"
Cordyline.
New
(Phormium
Flax
Zealand
"
tenax
P.
See
Colensoi)."
Phormium.
New
thus.
New
New
Zealand
Zealand
Clian-
(Clianthuspuniceus).See
Glory-Pea
Zealand
"
See Osmanthus.
(Osmanthus ilicifolms)."
See
tetraptera)."
(Sophora
Holly
Laburnum-tree
Sophora.
New
(Ehogalostylesapida)."See
Palm
Zealand
Rhopalo-
style.
(Cortadeiraconspicua). See Cortadeira.
Spinach
(Tetragonia expansa)."See Tetra-
Zealand
Zealand
Nevtf
Nev\r
Reed
"
gonia.
Ord.
(Apple-of-Peru)."
Nicandra
nunculus.
Ra-
See
(Ranunculus Lyallii)."
Water-Lily
Zealand
New
(Dicksonia squarrosa)."See
Tree-tern
Zealand
New
Dicksonia.
Hardy
Solanaceae.
annual.
1759.
introduced
pagate
Proborders.
CULTURE:
Position, sunny
Soil, ordinary.
open
soil in temp.
J in. deep in pots or boxes of liglit
by seeds sown
55" to 65" in March,
transplanting seedlings 3 ft. apart outdoors m
ing
May ; or by sowing seed in sunny positionoutdoors in April,transplantFirst
seedlings in
SPEOIES
2 ft., Peru.
NiCOtiana
June.
OULTIVATED:
N.
physaloides, bine
(Tobacco Plant).
foliage.
Flowering " orn.
annuals.
First
annuals.
POT
CULTURE
"
introduced
:
and
white,
summer,
18
in.
to
Half-hardy
Solanacese.
Ord.
as
All the speciesbest grown
1570.
Compost,
two
parts loam,
one
part leaf-mould
or
or
" one
Position, sunny
shady greenhouse
part sand.
window.
Water
freely when in full growth; moderately at
in flower.
when
other
times.
twice a week
once
or
Apply stimulants
50".
40" to
to Sept. 55" to 65" ; Sept. to March
Temp., March
beds or
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
Position, sunny
:
Soil, ordinary.
of three
Protect
in June
in groups
N. alba
Plant
six.
borders.
or
Will
in winter with covering of cinder ashes, tan or decayed manure.
soils.
only survive winter in well-drained
TOBACCO
CULTURE
OF
PLANT:
SoU, ordinary. Position,
beds
borders.
June.
Gather
Plant,
leaves of N. tabacum
or
sunny
Water
in Sept. for drying.
freely in dry weather.
Propagate by
the surface
of fine light mould
seeds sown
in a shallow
box
on
or
pan
in shade, in a temp. of 65" to 75", in March
also
or
by
cuttings
April,
inserted
in sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in autumn
of the roots
or
decayed
manure,
or
spring.
OULTIVATED:
8PE0IES
white, fragrant, eummer,
summer,
America;
N.
3
alba
(Syn.
ft., strictly a
290
or
purple, summer;
tomentosa
(Byn.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OABDENING.
OF
2 ft.,
Coloaeea), pink and white, 10 to 13 ft.,S. America; Buavolens, white, summer,
Sanderse,
S. America;
8 "t., S. America;
yoUow and white, summer,
wi^a"diodes,
3 to 3 ft., hybrid.
red, pinlc,carmine,
etc., summer,
Ord.
Nieremberg'ia
(Tall Cup-flower;Trailing Cup-flower)."
First
Solanacese.
Hardy and half-hardycreepingperennial herbs.
introduced
1831.
CULTURE
OF
leaf-mould.
HAEDY
Position, sunny
SPECIES
border
or
ledges of rockery.
Topfreelyin dry weather.
moist
or
Water
April.
or
"
in March
with decayed cow
weather
with covering of litter.
OF
CULTURE
HALF-HARDY
SPECIES
annually
Protect
manure.
in very
severe
: Compost, two
parts sandy
" one
tion,
Posimanure
part well-decomposed cow
part sand.
well-drained
pots or pans in shady part of greenhouse or cold
in shady spot.May to Oct.
frame
all the year round, or outdoors
Pot,
Feb.
March.
Water
wards.
to Sept., moderately afteror
freely, March
in light sandy soil in temp. 55" to
Propagate by seeds sown
65", Nov. to April; cuttings inserted in sandy soil under bell-glassin
well rooted
shady part of cool greenhouse in Aug., transferringwhen
singlyinto 2-in. pots, " placingin light airy positionin greenhouse or
loam,
one
window.
N. rivularis (Cup-flower),
6 in., S. America.
HARDY
SPECIES
:
white, summer,
N.
frutesHALF-HARDT
SPECIES:
oalycina, yellow, July, 6 in., S. America;
18
frutescens
blue, summer,
in., S. America;
atroviolacea, Tiolet, 1 ft.;'
cens,
6 in., S. America;
and
Yeitohii, lilao, summer,
gracilis, white
purple, summer.
6 to 9 in., S. America.
NiSelia.
a-puzzle).
Ord.
Flowers
EanunculaceaEi.
"
Hardy
surrounded
annuals.
First
involucre.
mossy
introduced
by
Foliage,
green
graceful, feathery.
green,
CULTURE
beds or borders.
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
:
open
in
seeds
bands
in March
or
sown
lines,
Jin.
masses
deep
Propagate by
or
April; thin seedlingsout 6 in. apart each way. May or June.
1548.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
damascena
1
summer,
Bark.
Noble
Noisette
"
Silver
Rose
Nolana
annuals.
CULTURE
rookeries.
1 to 2 ft., Asia
blue, summer,
Minor;
alba, white ; N. hispanica, blue,
damascena
(Cereusgrandiflorus)."See Cereus.
(Hesperistristis).See Hesperis.
"
See Neillia.
See Polypodium.
Fir
See
(Mammillaria bicolor)."
See Abies.
(Abies nobilis)."
introduced
plants are
May
or
Ord.
Hardy
1761.
Soil, ordinary.
Propagate by
in
Rosa.
Convolvulaceae.
"
"
First
Mammillaria.
See
(Rosaindicauoisettiana).
(ChilianBell-flower).
April where
apart
Cactus
"
Niphobolus.
Cactus
Nipple
3 in.
blue
Stock
Nig'ht-scerttecl
or
damasoena,
N.
fiore-pleno,double,
to 2 ft., Spain.
Nisht-blooming
Nine
seeds
Position, open
sown
required to
1-16 in.
grow,
sunny
beds, borders
or
June.
CULTIVATED
N.
blue and
;
atriplioifolia,
white, summer,
trailing;
6 in., Peru;
lanoeolata, blue, white, and green,
summer,
paradoxa, white,
12 to 18 in., Peru;
prostrata, blue, summer,
summer,
trailing.Chili; tenella,pale
Peru.
blue, trailing,summer,
None-SO-Pretty
(Saxifragaumbrosa)." See Saxifraga.
Nootka
Fir (Pseudotsuga Douglasii). See Pseudotsuga.
SPECIES
Peru;
"
Nootka
Nootka
Sound
Sound
Arbor-vitse
See Thuia.
(Thuya plicata)."
(Cupressus nootkateusis).
Cypress
"
Cupressua.
291
l2
See
EXOVCLOPJllDIA
Nordman's
Norfolk
Fir
Island
GARDENING.
OF
See Abies.
(Abies nordmanniana).
See EhopaloPalm
Bauerij.
(Ehopalostyle
"
"
style.
Norfolk
caria.
Norfolk
Island
Pine-tree
Island
Tree-fern
See
(Araucaria excelsa)."
Aiau-
(Alsophilaexcelsa). See
"
Also-
pbila.
North
North
North
Actomeris.
Northern
Northern
Crab
American
American
Maple
Spruce
NothOChlaena
Filices.
Ord.
"
Sunflower
Grape
Rock-cress
Northoscordium."
Norway
Norvt/ay
Isevis).See Eeliopsis.
(Heliopsis
Ox-eye
American
Fox
(Actomeris squarrosa)."See
(VitisLabrusca). See
(Arabis petrsea). See
"
"
Vitis.
Arabis.
See Bloomena.
"
Ferns).
"
Stove
First introduced
1778.
greenhouse ferns.
thrice
underneath
surface
or
Fronds, once
divided, upper
green,
with white powder or scales.
covered
Ht. 3 to 18 in.
C ULTUEE
;
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf -mould, peat " sand,
with little charcoal
" sandstone
broken
small.
Position, pots in shady
Water
Pot, Feb. or March.
part of house.
moderately, Oct. to
Feb., freely other times.
Syringing not required. Temp., stove
55" to 65" ; March
to Sept. 65" to 75"^;greenspecies,Sept.to March
house
45" to 50"; March
to Sept. 55" to 65".
species, Sept. to March
surface of fine sandy peat in pans under
on
Propagate by spores sown
bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85" any time ; division at potting time.
N. flaTens (Syn. Ohrysophylla), Central
SPECIES:
America; nivca (Silier
STOVE
Maiden-hair
and
Pern;
tricIiomanDidee,
Fern), Mexico
sinuata, Trop, America;
"
and
Jamaica
Cuba.
N.
SPECIES:
dealbata
GREENHOUSE
(Syn. Cinoinalis
dealbata), N.
Hookori
(Syn. Cincinalis
HoolEeri), N. America;
lanuginosa, S. Earope
tralia; Marantse, S. Europe, N. Africa, etc.; Newberryii, California.
America;
Aiuand
Nuphar
(Yellow Water-Lily; Brandy Bottle).^Drd.
Nymphaceae.
Hardy aquatic perennial herbs.
CULTURE
: Soil, two
parts strong rich loam, one part well-decayed
manure.
water,
shallow
Position, sunny
12 in.
Plant, March
or
lakes.
or
Depth of
of planting:
Methods
place the plant in it "
ponds
streams,
to
Oct.
wicker
basket
with compost,
shallow
the surface, then lower
into the water.
on
(2) Place some
with canvas
compost round the roots, then add a few stones " surround
or
matting " lower into the water.
i in.
Propagate by seeds sown
deep in rich soil in a shallow basket immersed in water, Oct. to April;
division of the _plantin March.
N. adrena, yellow, July, N. America;
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
luteum
(Brandy
Bottle
Yellow
or
Water-Lily), yellow, June, N. Europe (Britain); minimum,
yellow,
(1) Fill
a
few
stones
July, Europe.
Nutmes-scented
Geranium
(Pelargonium fragrans)."
See Pelargonium.
Nuttallia
Ord.
Rosacese.
(Oso-berry-tree)."
Hardy deciduous
First introduced
1848.
flowering shrub.
Flowers, succeeded
by
purplish plum-like fruit.
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, shady or sunny shrubberies.
Prune
when
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
ing.
necessary immediatelyafter flower-
Propagate by seeds
sown
OABDBNINO.
OF
ENOTOLOP^DIA
to Sept.
rately afterwards.
Syringe daily,Feb. to Oct. Temp., March
70" to 75"; Sept. to March
60" to 65".
Propagate by cuttingsof firm
shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in sandy peat under bell-glassin temp.
65" to 75" summer.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED."
O.
atropurpurea, purple, spring, 1 ft., S. Africa:
ff ft.,Trop. Africa.
multiflora,yellow, eummer,
Ocimum
(SweetBasil; Bush Basil). Ord. Labiatae. Half-hardy
annual
aromatic
1548.
First introduced
herbs.
Leaves, egg-shaped,
aromatic; used for flavouringstews, soups " salads.
CtTLTUEE
: Soil,ordinary
lightrich. Position, sunny, well-drained
Shade
border.
in May.
9 to 12 in. asunder
Plant, 6 in. apart in rows
from
first few days after planting. Water
sun
freelyin dry weather.
Gather
leaves
and
coming into flower, dry " reduce to
tops when
1-16 in. deep in light
powder for winter use.
Propagate by seeds sown
soil in shallow
lings
box in temp. 55" to 65" in March,
transplantingseedsimilar
inch
"
when
three leaves are
in
formed
soil,
an
apart
"
graduallyharden
1 ft.,
Basil), white, summer,
in., Trop. Asia.
Yiolet-sceuted
OdontOSlOSSUlYl
(Almond-scented Orchid;
terrestrial
Ord.
Greenhouse
Orchidaceae.
epiphytal "
Orchid).
Flower
orchids.
1835.
First
introduced
spikesproduced
Evergreen.
from
base of pseudo-bulbs.
CTJLTUEE
two
: Compost,
portions
parts fibrous peat, one part of equal probaskets
of sphagnum moss
and charcoal.
Position, teak-wood
or
roof, blocks of wood, well-drained
pots ; partial
pans suspended from
shade
in summer,
Pot, Feb.,
exposed to full light at other times.
March
or
sherds
April. Fill pots or pans two-thirds of their depth with pot" charcoal.
Place
on
drainage, " fill remainder
layer of moss
with
Secure
of space
plant on this by
compost to 1 in. above rim.
of fine copper
wire, and top-dresswith layer of sphagnum moss,
means
and secure
firmly with copper wire. Water
dailyApril to Sept., twice
a week
Sept.to Nov. " Feb. to April; keep almost dry during remainder
formly
of year.
Syringe lightly daily in summer.
Keep atmosphere unimoist in summer
by damping stages, floor, etc., several times
moderately other times. Temp.,
daily. Ventilate freely in summer,
Sept. to Feb. 45" to 55"; Feb. to May 50" to
May to Sept. 55" to 65'^;
60".
Growing period,Marcli to Nov. ; resting period,Dec. to Feb.
Propagate by division of the pseudo-bulbs at potting time.
CULTIVATED:
O. apertum, white
SPECIES
and
red, May, 1 ft.,Ueiioo; Oerand
vantesii, white
brown, spring, 6 in., Mexico ; oirrhosum, white
and
purple,
oitrosmum, white, rose, and
spring, 1 to 2 ft., Ecuador;
yellow, fragrant. May,
6 to 8 in., Mexico;
crispnm (Syn. Alexandra), white, rose, crimson, etc., spring,
beautiful
13 to 18 in., Colombia,
varieties; Edwardii, purple and yellow,
many
gloriosum, yellow and
fragrant, spring, 2 to 3 ft., Ecuador;
brown, fragrant,
a ft., Colombia;
1 ft., Guatemala;
grande, yellow and red, autumn,
Hallii, yellow
and
and red, spring,2 to 3 ft., Peru
Ecuador; harryannm, yellow, white, purple,
1 to 2 ft., Colombia;
and brown, spring,
loteo-purpurenm, yellow, white, and red,
spring, 1 to 2 ft., Colombia;
maoulatnm,
yellow, brown, and white, spring, 1 to
2 ft., Mexico;
nobile
(Syn. Pesoatorei), white, purple, yellow and
red, spring
1 to 2 ft., Colombia;
and
pulohellum, white
yellow, fragrant, spring 1 ft.!
and
Guatemala;
Ilossii,white
brown, winter, 6 in., Mexico; triumphans
yellow
brown
and
white, spring, 1 to 2 ft., Colombia; Uroskinneri, yellow, brown
and
1 to 2 ft., Guatemala.
Numerous
rose,
spring,
hybrids.
OEnOthera
(Evening Primrose; Sun-drops; Tiee Primrose)."
SPECIES
Trop. A^ia;
OULTITATED;
minimum
O.
Baailionm
(Sweet
summer,
"
Ord.
OnagracesB.
perennials. First
CULTURE
OF
Hardy
introduced
1629.
ANNUAL
SPECIES
294
"
shrubby
Soil,ordinary. Position,sunny
MNQYOLOI'MDIA
where
plantsare
to
GAEDENINO.
OF
flower,or in boxes
of lightsoil in
April, transplanting seedlingsoutdoors in May.
outdoors
sown
to 6 in. apart in June.
POT
CULTURE:
Compost, two
good soil,one
in
parts
manure
well-decayed
"
frame, greenhouse or
or
eight in each pot.
'
sand.
window.
Position, well-drained
Thin
seedlings when
part leaf-mould,
6 in.
1 in.
pots
in cold
high
to six
in full
first,freelywhen
moderately
twice a week when
plants show flower.
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary. Position,
Water
at
manure
CULTURE
OF
BIENNIAL
beds
doors
borders.
Sow
seeds 1-16 in. deep in shady positionoutor
sunny
in April,transplantingseedlingswhen
1 in. high, 3 in. aparteach
lowing
border, again transplantinginto floweringpositionfolway, in sunny
March.
or
Sept.
OULXURB
OF
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
Soil, lightsandy loam.
rookeries.
or
Plant, Oct.,
in
Mulch
weather.
or
April.
annually with
freely dry
Lift
three
four
and
manure.
or
decayed cow
replant every
years.
pagate
shoots
of
after
Prune
flowering. Proshrubby species
straggling
away
box
in
soil
in
seeds
shallow
sown
light
perennialspeciesby
well-drained
in
cold
under
in
March
frame
or
or
or
hand-light
pans
April,transplantingoutdoors end of May or June ; cuttingsof young
in sandy soil under
shoots inserted
hand-light in shade in spring or
suckers
with
roots
removed
attached, spring or autumn;
summer;
division of roots, March
or
April.
(E. amoena
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
and
rnbicanda, rose
orimson,
(Syn. Godetia
1 to 2 ft., Galifomia;
rubicunda,
lilao-parple; bistorta, yellow
amcena
summer,
1
and
ft., Oalifornia;
tenella, purple, June, 6 in,, Oalifornia;
red, slimmer,
12 to 18 in., California,
Whitneyi), red and orinjison,summer,
Whitneyi (Syn. Godetia
of York,
known
Godetia
as
Lady Albemarle, Duke
parent of the annuals
1 ft., Mexico,
Bridesmaid, etc. ; tetraptera, white, summer,
(B. biennis
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
(Evening Primrose), yellow, fragrant, June
to Oct., 1 to 3 ft,, N, America:
to Oot,, N. America;
Drummondii,
yellow, June
6 in,, CMli,
taraxacifolia,white, summer,
2 ft.,
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
: CB.
califomioa, white and pink, fragrant, summer,
and
fornia;
Oalifornia;
marginata), white, fragrant, July, CalicEespitosa (Syn. eximia
3 to 3 ft., TT, States, and
its
fruticosa
(Sun-drops), golden yellow, summer,
1 to 2 ft,, N.
America;
glauca, yellow, summer,
varieties, major and Toungii;
12 to 18 in,, V.
States; missouriensis, yellow and red,
linearis,yellow, summer,
1 ft,, N.
America; speoiosa,
summer,
rosea,
rose,
summer,
trailing, N. America;
2 to 3 ft,,N. America.
white, summer,
OKra,
(Hibiscusesculenteus). See Hibiscus.
Old
Man
(Artemesia Abrotanum). See Artemesia.
Old
Cactus
Man
senilis).See Pilocereus.
(Pilocereus
Old
Man's
Beard
vitalba). See Clematis,
(Clematis
Old
Woman
(Artemisiaargentea). See Artemisia.
Olea
(Olive; Oleaster). Ord. Oleaceae.
Half-hardy evergreen
First introduced
1570.
floweringshrub.
CULTURE:
Position, sheltered sunny borders or
Soil,sandy loam.
S.
of
S.
W.
walls,
or
against
England only. Plant, Sept., Oct, or
when
Protect
in very severe
Prune
weather
April.
necessary,
April.
with litter or mats.
POT
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts sandy loam, one
part leafcool
and
sand.
to
Position,
mould,
greenhouse, Sept.
May; outdoors,
Water
June to Sept. Temp., Sept.to May, 40" to 50".
moderately in
in
to
summer.
Syringe daily,April
winter, freely
Sept. Propagate
1-16 in. deep in sandy peat in greenhouse in
or
by seeds sown
spring
in shade
in
autumn;
cuttings inserted in sandy soil under bell-glass
greenhouse in summer.
295
March
borders, beds,
Water
"
"
"
"
"
"
of
TjNGYOlop^bia
O.
CULTIVATED:
10 ft., S. Europe.
SPECIES
6
to
gardening.
"
-nt
Oleander
",
Oleandra
Fronds,
" scandent.
rhizomatous
Stems
1837.
introduced
two
CULTURE
parts peat "
: Compost,
division
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Olearia
sown
on
85
,
any
Daisy Bush;
floweringshrubs.
,.
Indies.
nodosa, w.
Victorian Snow
Zealand
Syringe
to Sept.,
pottingtime.
O.
(New
at
rhizomes
of creeping
March.
or
to Sept., moderately
copiously March
to Oct.
March
walls
"
daily,
pillars
plants
65".
55" to
Propagate by spores
65" to 7b'';Sept. to March
in
temp. 75 to
bell-glass
surface of fine sandy peat under
",
covered
walls
afterwards.
Temp., March
or
,,
ieat-mould
loam,
Plant, Feb.
netting.
Water
time
First
of
one
against pillarsand
or
wire
ferns.
green.
strap-rshaped,
with
rammer,
oleander)."See Nerium.
Fern
(Oleandra articulata)."See Oleandra.
(Oleander Fern)." Ord. Filices. Stove evergreen
(Nermm
Oleander
sand.
fragrant,
enropsea
Bush)." Ord.
First introduced
1793.
borders
Position, sunny
sandy
summer.
"
"
.,
...
SPECIES
Oleaster
Olive-tree
"
"
"
herbs.
First
introduced
1633.
SPECIES
ANNUAL
:
Soil,ordinary. Position, parOF
where
Sow seeds in masses
requiredto grow in
borders.
to flower in
April to flower in June, June to flower in Sept.," Sept.
CULTURE
linllyshaded
^^CULTUREOF
moist.
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinaryrich,
PERENNIAL
rookeries,or in
or
Position, partiallyshaded, well-drained borders
Water
March
copiously
or
Nov.,
Oct.,
April.
beds.
Plant,
rhododendron
in
manure
annually
with
cow
spring.
M\ilch
decayed
in dry weather.
semi-shaded
in
rich
soil
in
in.
light
seeds sown
deep
i
Propagate
by
positionin
seedlingswhen
transplanting
April,
roots
in Marcli
or
April.
296
1 in.
high; division
of
ENOYOLOPJilDlA
ANNUAL
S.
SPECIES:
0.
OF
liuifolia
OAlWBNlNti.
June,
to
in.,
in.,
Europe.
PERENNIAL
Asia
Minor;
alba, white.
SPECIES
O.
Luciliaa
:
(Rook NaTOl-wort), blue, BUmmer,
(Creeping Forget-me-not), blue, spring, 6 in., Europe;
verna
-verna
Oncidium
Fill pots
blocks.
Pot, Feb. or March.
or
depth with potsherds.Place layer of moss
rim.
on
of
space with compost to lin. above
Put plantson this, cover
and secure
roots with compost " layer of moss,
then fill
Baskets ; line interior with
firmly with copper wire.
moss,
with compost and
place plant on top, securing it firmly with copper
wire.
with
Blocks : Place
roots next
wood, cover
peat and sphagnum
and secure
moss,
firmlywith copper wire. Water plantson blocks twice
times ; those in pots " baskets
once
once
a day other
dailyin summer,
a
day April to Sept., twice a week Sept. to Nov. and Feb. to April,
Moist
mosphere
atweek
afterwards.
a
once
Syringe lightlydailyin summer.
essential.
sunshine
tilate
VenShade
from
bright
only.
highly
freelyin summer.
Temp, for stove species,Nov. to April 60" to
baskets, rafts
thirds of their
pans
this, then fill remainder
or
two
70"; April
to
70"
Nov.
to
restingperiod,Oct.
potting time.
to
55"
May
Feb.
to
85";
for
greenhouse species.May
to
Oct.
to 65".
March
to Sept. ;
Growing period,
Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsat
SPECIES
to May,
13
O.
:
ampliatum, yellow, red, and brown, March
in.. Central
jonesianum,
America;
white, brown, and red, Oct. to Feb., 1 ft.,
and
to Oct., 8 to 10 in.,
kramerianum,
red, brown,
yellow, March
Paraguay;
18 in., Guiana
Ecuador
summer,
yellow, rose, purple, and brown,
;
; lanceanum,
to Oot., 8 to 10 in.,
Papilio (ButterflyOrchid), red, crimson, and yellow, March
ST07B
16
to
Indies.
W.
6 in., Brazil;
O. ooncolor, yellow. May,
crispum, red,
Feb., 1 ft., Brazil; Forbesii, red, and yellow, autumn,
and
1 ft., Mexico;
white
2 to 3 ft., Brazil;
inourvum,
yellow, fragrant, autumn,
purple, spring, 18 in., Trop. America;
maoranthum,
yellow, brown, white, and
1 ft., Brazil;
ornithorynchum,
marshallianum,
rose,
yellow and brown,
summer,
spring, 1 to
phalfenopsis, white, purple and -violet,
lUac, and yellow, 1 ft.,Mexico;
2 ft., Ecuador;
Barcodes, yellow and bro-wn, spring, 1 ft., Brazil; sphacelatum,
and
brown
yellow, spring, 2 ft., Mexico ; splendidum, yellow and brown, winter,
I ft., Guatemala;
superbiens, yellow, brown, and purple, spring, 1 ft., Colombia;
and
-violet scented, autumn
winter, 1 ft., Mexico
brown,
;
tigrinum, yellow and
winter, 1 ft., Brazil; varicosum
Rogersii, superior
varicosum, yellow and
brown,
GREENHOUSE
brown,
and
variety.
Onion."
SPECIES:
yellow,
See
June
Allium.
(Ornithogalum longibracteatum).
Onion-plant
lum.
Onoclea
deciduous
once
to
"
First
divided, green;
Ornithoga-
Ostrich
Fern). Ord. Filices. Hardy
introduced
1799.
broad,
Fronds, barren
ones,
fertile ones,
divided,
once
contracted,
narrow,
(SensitiveFern;
fern.
See
"
brown.
CSULTURE
OUTDOOR
: Soil, two
parts good
cool
moist
border
semi-shaded
mould.
Position,
loam,
or
one
margin
part
of
leaf-
ponds.
Plant, April.
CULTURE
Compost,
two
sand.
297
OASDENING.
OF
EN070LOPMDIA
annually. Propagate by
spores
of well-drained
sown
square
frame
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Ostrich
Fern, 2 to 3 ft., N.
and
N. America
N. Asia.
O.
(Syn. Struthiopteria gsrmanioa), the
germanioa
Temperate Zone; eensibilie (SensitiveFern), 2 to 3 ft.,
Leguminosse. Hardy
(Eest-harrow). Ord.
Ononis
"
herbaceous
1570.
First introduced
deciduous
shrubs.
SPECIES:
PERENNIAL
OP
Soil, ordinary. Position,
rockeries.
or
banks
Nov., March
Plant,
Oct.,
or
April.
borders,
sunny
Lift "
March.
with
Mulch
Cut
down
flower stems, Oct.
manure,
replantin fresh soil every four or five years.
OP
SHRUBBY
SPECIES:
CULTURE
Soil, ordinary. Position,
into shape,Jan.
Feb.
Prune
to
borders
banks.
Oct.
or
Plant,
sunny
1-16 in. deep in ordinary soil in
to Feb.
Propagate by seeds sown
or
April; or in shallow boxes or
semi-shady position.outdoors, March
frame
in
March
in
cold
or
greenhouse
; perennialsby division of
pans
perennials"
CULTUEE
roots, Oct.
SPECIES
and
white,
(Rest-harrow), rose
1
(Ooat Root), yellow and red, summer,
arvensis
O.
(Britain); Natrix
in., Europe
6
S.
March.
to
PERENNIAL
enmmer,
to 2 ft.,
Europe.
2 ft., Europe.
Scotch
Thistle). Ord. Compositae.
Orn. foliage.
Hardy biennial "
nary
CULTURE
OP
BIENNIAL
SPECIES
seeds i in. deep in ordi: Sow
lings
soil in sunny
positionoutdoors, March or April. Transplant seedfollowingSept. to where required to flower.
PERENNIAL
tion,
CULTURE
OP
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary rich. Posiin
well-drained
borders.
Oct.
or
Plant,
March,
singly
sunny
seeds
in.
in
soil
of
three.
sown
by
ordinary
i
Propagate
deep
groups
March
or
in
positionoutdoors
April, transplantingseedlings
sunny
SHUUBBT
SPECIES
O.
(Cotton Thistle;
perennial herbs.
Onopordcn
"
to
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
S. Europe.
PERENNIAL
O.
SPECIES:
Onosma,
Oct.
or
arabicum, 8
0. Aoanthinm
to
"
introduced
ft., S. Europe;
illyricum, 6 ft.,
herbs.
First
CULTUEE
10
Boraginacese. Hardy
(Britain).
perennial
1683.
Soil,two
Position, sunny
SPECIES
OULTIYATED:
O.
one
albo-roseum, white
and
rose,
summer,
in., Asia
yellow,
6 in., Armenia;
Minor;
Bourgssi, yellow, summer,
echioides
(Golden Drop),
May, 1 ft.,Europe; stellulatum, yellow and white. May, 6 in.,Europe.
Ord. Filices.
Stove " greenhouse
OnychiuiTli
evergreen
Fronds, four times divided, lightand graceful,
"
ferns.
green.
CULTURE:
Compost,two
parts peat
and
loam,
leaf-mould
" sand
rockeries in shade.
Pot or plant,Feb. or March.
Water
rately
copiouslyMarch to Sept., modeafterwards.
Moist
for stove
atmosphereessential.
Temp
March
to Sept.65" to 75", Sept.to March
species,
55" to 65"; for
greenin
298
ENOYGLOPMBIA
house
species,March
Propagate by spores
pans
in
shade
"
to
OF
Sept. 55"
sown
temp.
on
70"
65"; Sept.
to
surface
to 80"
GARDENING.
of fine
time;
any
to
40" to 50".
well-drained
March
sandy peat in
division
of
plants
at
pottingtime.
STOVE
SPECIES:
GREENHOUSE
O.
auratum,
SPECIES:
O.
1 ft.,Malaya.
japonioum, 1 ft., Japan
and
Himalayas.
OphiOglOSSUm
Adder's
(Adder's Tongue Fern;
Spear)."Ord.
Filices.
Hardy deciduous ferns.
Fronds, barren, egg-shaped, pale
fertile,contracted, spike-like.
green;
OUTDOOR
CJULTUBB:
Soil, moist loamy. Position, in tufts of
partiallyshaded rockery. Plant, April to Aug. Lift plants
grass on
" plant in same.
Water
growing wild with large sod attached
freely
in dry weather.
POT
CULTURE
" leaf-mould
in equal parts.
: Compost, sandy loam
Position, shallow
well drained, in cold, shady frame.
Plant,
pans,
to Sept.,keep just moist
wards.
afterApril to Aug. Wate" freely March
on
Propagate by spores gathered when ripe in July, " sown
surface of pans of above
soil,covered with a sheet of glass" placed in
frame
a cool, moist
or
greenhouse; division of plantsin April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
0.
Tulgatum,
4 to
meadows.
Ord.
Hsemodoraceae.
Ophiopogon
(Snake'sbeard).
"
herbs.
perennial
orn.
foliage. First introduced
Flowering
"
Leaves, long, narrow,
variegatedwith yellow or creamy
green
"
Hardy
1784.
white.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
Soil, sandy loam.
:
Position, edgings to or
in
borders.
Plant, Oct. or March.
Lift, divide " replant
sunny
groups
five
four
or
every
years.
CULTURE
POT
:
part leafCompost, two parts sandy loam, one
" one
mould
or
Position, well-drained
decayed manure
part sand.
greenhouses, conservatories,
pots or in small beds in cold or heated
ferneries or windows.
Pot or plant, Feb.
Adapted for sun or shade.
to Oct. ; moderately afterwards.
March.
Water
copiously March
or
twice weekly, April to Sept. Propagate by
once
or
Apply stimulants
division of plants in Feb. or March.
O.
intermedins
CULTIVATED
argenteo-marginatus,
lilac, summer,
:
SPECIES
with
1 ft., leaves
white, Himalayas ; Jaburan
margined
Tariegatus, white, July,
and
white, Japan;
1 ft., leayes
striped with
japonious Tariegatus, white,
green
white,Japan. See also Liriope spicata.
1 ft., leayes striped with
creamy
summer,
Ophrys
(Bee Orchis; Fly Orchis; Spider Orchis). Ord. OrchiDeciduous.
dacese.
Hardy terrestrial orchids.
"
CULTURE:
Soil, sandy loam mixed with pieces of chalk
rockeries.
limestone.
Position,
broken
Plant, Aug. to
dry sunny
or
with
stone,
of
Cover surface of soil between
Nov.
plants
pieces chalk or limerefuse.
with
of
cocoanut-fibre
mulch
or
layer
OUTDOOR
two
: Compost,
parts sandy loam, one part piecesof
chalk.
Position,
small, well-drained
limestone
or
pots or pans
Pot,
frame
or
greenhouse.
Aug. to Nov., placing tubers
sunny
soil firmly. Place five tubers in 6 in. pot.
1 in. below surface " pressing
cocoanut-fibre
refuse or ashes during growing
rims
in
Plunge pots to
time
from
growth begins till foliagedies down,
freely
period. Water
then keep nearly dry. Repot every two or three years.
Propagate by
roots in March
or
April.
division of tuberous
O. apifera (Bee Orchis), purple, orange,
CULTIVATED:
and
SPECIES
yellow,
and yellow,
April to June, 1 ft.,Europe (Britain); aranifera (Spider Orchis), brown
(Ply Orchis), brown, blue, and
April to June, 6 in., Europe (Britain); musoifera
white, purple, and
blue.
yellow. May, 6 in., Europe (Britain); insectifera, green,
tenthredinifera
(Sawfly Orchis), green, brown, and
and
June, 8 in., Europe;
May
yellow, May and June, 1 ft.,Europe.
POT
broken
in cold
CULTURE
OF
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
GARDENING.
"
"
time.
SPECIES
OULTIYATED:
0.
Burmannii
variegatum),
trailing, Xropios.
loam,
Ord.
one
Cactaceae.
Position,
sunny
or
Pot, March
airy greenhouse or window.
April in pots filled ^ of
accommodate
roots.
pot
Redepth with potsherds, " just large enough to
moderately March to Sept.;
every three or four years only. Water
afterwards.
once
a
fortnightSept. to Nov.; none
Apply stimulants
June to Sept. Ventilate
to healthyplants,
freelyin summer.
Temp.,
to Sept.60" to 70"; Sept. to March
March
50" to 55".
CULTURE
spersed
OP
HARDY
SPECIES
: Soil, sandy loam,
freelyinterwith
wellPosition, sunny,
powdered brick or old mortar.
drained
of soil
rookeries.
surface
or
Plant, March
April. Cover
between
plants with small piecesof stone.
Sprinklesoot freely between
plants occasionallyto keep away
slugs. Apply weak
liquid manure
to healthy plants only.
occasionallyduring summer
Propagateby
seeds sown
in.
in
well-drained
of
or
deep
J
sandy soil in temp.
pots
pans
75" in March.
Keep soil moderately moist; cuttings of portionsof
stems
exposed for a few days, then inserted in small, well-drained
of
lime " brick dust in temp. 65" to 75" summer
pots
; delicate
species
robust
kinds
in
on
by grafting
April.
O.
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
arboreeoens, purple, June, 5 ft., U. States;
not
BigeloTli, flowers
known, 10 ft., California; brasiliensis,yellow, June, 10 to
15 ft., Brazil; cylindrioa, soarlet, summer,
4 to 6 ft., Peru;
and its orested variety
10 to 15 ft., S. America;
oristata; decumana, orange,
summer,
eohinocarpa, green,
18 in., TJ. States;
Bmoryi, yellow and purple, Aug. and
summer,
Sept.. 18 in.,
floUB-indioa
Mexico;
(Indian Fig), yellow. May, 2 ft., Trop. America; fllipendula,
purple.May and June, 2 ft.,Texas ; leuootriolia,yellow, June, Mexico ; monaoantha
variegata, yariegated, 1 ft., 8. America;
rosea,
rose,
tuna, reddish
June, Mexico;
July, 10 to 20 ft., 8. America; Whipplei, red, June, XJ. States.
orange,
HAKDT
O. Eugelmanni,
SPECIES:
yellow, May and
June, 6 in., S.U. States;
mesaoantha
(Syn. Tulgaris), the
Prickly Pear, yellow, June, 2 ft., U. States;
mescantha
Bafflnesquii,yellow and red, June, 1 ft. ; missouricnsis
yellow. May and
June, 6 in., N. America, etc.
Orach.
See Atriplex.
"
Orang'e
"
"
lus.
300
GARDENING.
OF
MNOYOLOPMBIA
1 ft.,
CULTIVATED:
O. diotamnns
(Dittany of Crete), pink, snmmcr,
2 ft., N. Africa;
Marjoran
(Sweet Marjoram), purple or white, flummer,
Onites
1 ft., 8. Europe,
(Fot Marjoram), white, summer,
Onion
of
Bethlehem;
Ornithoealum
Plant)."Ord. Lilia(Star
and
bulbous
ceae.
Hardy
plants.
greenhouse
OUTDOOR
OTjLTUEE."
Soil, rich ordinary,sandy. Position,sunny
borders, rockeries or turf.
Plant, Aug. to Nov., placing small bulbs
3 in., " large bulbs 4 to 6 in. below
Mulch
surface, " 2 to 3 in. apart.
in
March
with
stimulants
annually
decayed manure.
Apply weak
occasionallyin summer.
INDOOR
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts sandy loam, one part equal
SPECIES
Crete;
proportionsleaf-mould, peat
" sand.
Position, pots in sunny
house
greenPot, Sept. to Feb., placing several small or one large
window.
or
March
to Sept. 55" to 65" ; Sept. to March
40" to 50".
CULTURE
OP ONION
PLANT
two parts sandy loam, one
: (Jompost,
" well-decayedmanure
" little sand.
Position, sunny
part leaf-mould
window
outdoors
June to Sept. Pot, Feb. or March.
or
Good
drainage
Water
" firm potting essential.
to
Feb.
moderately
May, freelyMay
Temp.,
to
stimulants
once
from
old bulbs "
GREENHOUSE
to Feb.
Apply
offsets removed
SPECIES:
O.
2 ft., S.
arabioum,
white, fragrant, summer,
April, 1 ft.. Chili and
Peru;
longibracteatnm
(Onion
2 ft., S. Africa; and
ita variety variegatum.
O. nutans,
HAUDT
SPECIES:
white, spring, 1 ft., Europe (Britain); nutans,
boucheanum,
a
superior form;
pyrenaioum,
yellow and
June, 2 ft., S.
green,
umbellatum
Europe;
(Star of Bethlehem), white. May, 1 ft., Europe, and
its
varieties Leiohtlinii
and
splendens.
OrobUS.
See Vicia.
biflorum, white,
Plant), white. May, 1 to
Europe;
"
Orontium
(Golden Club).-Ord.
"
First
CULTURE:
introduced
Aroideae.
Hardy aquatic
nial.
peren-
1775.
rivulets.
of water.
Propagateby
SPECIES
OULTiyATED:
Orris-root
Osagfe
Orange
(Maclura aurantiaca)."See
Madura
Osier."
See Salix.
Wiiiovtr
Osier
(Salixviminalis)."See Salix.
Osmanthus
(Fragrant Olive; Holly-leaved
Olive)."Hardy
floweringshrubs.
CULTURE
againstS.
:
or
W.
First
Soil, loamy.
walls.
introduced
Position, sheltered
Plant, Sept.,Oct.
green
ever-
1771.
or
April.
sunny
Prune
borders,
when
or
sary,
neces-
April.
POT
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leafsand.
Position, cold sunny greenhouse, Sept. to June; outdoors,
June
to Sept. Pot, Sept. or
Oct.
Water
April to Oct.,
moderately other times.
Temp., Sept. to
40" to 50"
mould,
"
frefiy
May
by
seeds
sown
1-16
in.
deep
in
sandy peat
in cold
autumn;
by cuttings of firm young shoots inserted
liand-ligntoutdoors, or in frame in summer
SPKCISS
CULTIVATED;
O.
Propao-ate
frame
in spring
or
in sandy soil under
4
ft., Japan-
and
its
'BNGYGLOPMDIA
varieties
OF
iUioifolius (small-leaved),latifolius
(yanegated),
GARDENING.
(broad-leayed),latifolius
and
(purple-leaved),
myrtifolius (myrlle-leaved);
pnrpureus
(83". Olea
Tariegatoa
f ragrans
plainor
Java.
HARDY
O. cinnamomea,
SPECIES:
Claytoniana, 2 to 3 ft., N. America
6 ft., Britain, etc., and
its varietiee
to
4 ft., N.
America, West
Indies, etc.;
Himalayas;
regalia (Royal Fern), 3 to
corymbifera, cristata, palustris, and
pur-
and
purascens.
(Nuttalliacerasiformis).See Nuttallia.
(Onocleagermanica). See Onoclca.
Ord. Cupuliferae. Hardy deciduous
Ostrya,
(Hop Hornbeam).
trees.
1622.
Flowers, greenishwhite, hop-like; May. First introduced
CULTURE
Position, by the side of streams,
: Soil, ordinary moist.
in damp situations.
pagate
ProPlant, Oct. to Feb.
lakes,or in shrubberies
outdoors
till
seeds
in
then
in
a
sown
spring,
placed
heap
by
in
inserted
outdoors
soil
outdoors;
cuttings
autumn;
by
by
sandy
by grafting on the Hornbeam
(Oarpinusbetulus)
layeringin summer;
Oso-berry-tree
"
Fern
Ostrich
"
"
in March.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
virginica (Ironwood),
O.
20
ft., N.
Tea,-plant
Osweso
Othonna,
carpinitolia (Hop
Hornbeam),
20
ft., S. Europe;
America.
(AfricanRag-wort).
"
trailingherbs.
First
introduced
Compost
CULTURE:
two
1752.
parts
afterwards.
"
one
part leaf-mould
pots or baskets suspended
rately
freely April to Oct., mode-
sandy loam,
one
Apply stimulants
to
essential.
to light " sun
Full exposure
Propagate
during
soil
in
cool
in
frame
inserted
or
of
shoots
greenhouse
sandy
by cuttings
division of plants in April.
in summer;
orassifolia,yellow, summer,
CULTIVATED
trailing,S. Africa.
: O.
SPECIES
summer.
Ord. Scrophulariaceae.
Hardy
Ourisia.
First introduced 1862.
Soil, moist loamy. Position,
CrULTURE:
"
perennialcreepingherbs.
shaded
rockery,
partially
soft
of
stone.
to
close
Plant, March
a lump
with its roots placed
porous
not be exposed to sunMust
shine.
freely in dry weather.
or
April. Water
in
March
of
roots
division
or
April.
Propagate by
6 in.. New
Zealand;
0. oseepitosa,white, summer,
OULTIVATBD:
SPECIES
8 in.
Fearoei,orimson, summer,
8 in., CUloe;
scarlet, summer,
coooinea
303
OF
ENCYCLOPJEDIA
(Silybum Marianum).
Thistle
Lady's
Our
See
"
Stove
Silybum.
Ord.
Naiadaceae.
introduced
1855.
PlantV
foliage. First
Lace-leaf
(Lattice or
Ouvirandra.
GAUDENING.
"
and
leaf-mould.
loam
Position,
of
tub
water
12
to 18 in. deep. Pot^
immersed
in
tank
or
pot
March.
sionally.
occaChange water
Temp, of water, 65" to 75".
March
65"
75"
March
55" to 65".
to
to
to Sept.
Temp.,
; Sept.
^ in. deep in above
Propagate by seed sown
compost in small pot
immersed
heated
in water
to temp. 75", any
time; division of roots,
in small
Feb.
or
Feb.
March.
to
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
OxaliS
"
O.
house
Green-
Sorrel; French
Sorrel). Ord. Geraniacese.
hardy annuals, herbaceous
perennials,and bulbous
(Wood
"
rooted
plants.
tion,
Posiabove.
OF
GEEENHOUSE
SPECIES
; Compost,as
Pot
autumnwell-drained
pots in sunny greenhouse or window.
kinds in Sept. or Oct., springfloweringkinds in Aug., winter-flowering
or
flowering kinds, Jan. or Feb., " summer-flowering kinds, March
April. Put bulbs J in. deep and \ in. apart in 5 in. pots. After potting,
Water
place in warm
moderately till
part of greenhouse or window.
leaves appear,
then freely. Apply stimulants
occasionallywhen flowers
form.
when
water
flowers fade, " keep quite dry
Gradually withhold
CULTUEE
"
cool
till
CULTUEE
SPECIES:
Position,
Soil, sandy loam.
rockeries.
Plant bulbous
on
species,
Aug.
ceous
below
surface, " 6 to 12 in. apart; herbaor
April. Lift bulbs of choice speciesin
Sept. or Oct. Store in sand in cool, frost-proofplace till March, then
1-16 in. deep in light sandy soil
plantout. Propagate by seeds sown
m
temp. 55" to 65" in spring; division of roots or offsets at potting or
plantingtime.
O.
GEEENHOUSE
SPECIES:
6 in., Chili;
yellow, antamn,
cernni
oarnosa,
(Bermuda Butter-oup), yellow, epring, 6 in., S. Africa; cemua
flore-pleuo,double;
Deppei, red, March, 4 to 6 in., S. America;
floribunda, rose, March, 1 ft.,Brazil;
3 in., S. Africa;
hlrta, red, summer,
6 in.,
pentaphylla, lilao and yellow, summer,
S. Africa;
6 in.,
rosea, rose, spring-,6 to 8 in.. Chili; tetraphylla, red, snmmer,
Mexico;
TariabiUs, red, white, or crimson, autumn,
3 in., S. Africa.
The following
bulbous'-rooted : cemua,
are
floribunda, Deppei, and
tetraphylla.
HARDT
SPECIES:
O. Acetosella
(Wood
Sorrel), white, spring, 2 to 3 in.,
Britain; corniculata
rubra, yellow, summer,
6 in., leaves
purple, Britain; elegans,
6 in.. Pern;
purple, summer,
enneaphylla,
Isles;
rose, white, June, i in., Falkland
purpurata
(Syn. doweana), purple, Oct., 3 in., S. Africa.
See Bupthalmum
Oxeye.
and
Adonis.
OF
HAEDT
"
Ox-eye
Oxeye
Chamomile
Daisy
See
(Anthemis tinctoria)."
(Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum).
Oxiip
See Primula.
(Primula elatior)."
Oxycocus
(Common
Cranberry; American
Vacciniaceffl.
globular,deep red;
Soil,peat
or
CULTUEE
:
streamlets-.
"
to
Excavate
place 9 in.
percolateto
apart each
of
withm
ripe
or
Anthemis.
See Chrysanthemum.
Cranberry). Ord.
ries,
fruiting.Ber"
Edible
summer.
bog.
soil to
peat or bog
Sin.
"
of
way.
30*
ENCYCLOPEDIA
CTJLTUEE
IN SMALL
drained
pots immersed
OF
PONDS
in water
GARDENING.
Soil,peat or bo^.
Position, slightly
in. of rim.
Pot, Sept. to
Oct.
or
in
summer.
Propagate
Syringe sprinklefoliageevery evening
by cuttings of shoots inserted in sandy moist peat under hand-lightin
shade
in summer;
division of plants in
layering shoots in autumn;
March.
or
Sept.
SPECIES
witMn
to
CULTIVATED:
O. maorooarpus
(American Cranberry), pink, spring,
palustris (Common Cranberry), pink. May, creeping, Britain.
Ord. Asclepiadeae. Stove and warm
Oxypetalum.
greenhouse
climbers.
First introduced
1823.
evergreen
CULTTJEE
tion,
Posi: Compost, equal parts fibrous
peat, loam, " sand.
well-drained
or
pots; shoots trained up roof.
Pot, March
April.
Water
" winter.
ing
freelyin summer,
moderately autumn
Syringe morn" evening in spring time.
Prune
into shape Feb.
Eepot, March.
to Sept.65" to 75"; Sept. to March
55" to 65".
Temp., March
gate
Propain sandy peat, in a temp, of 75" in spring,or by
by seeds sown
bottom
heat
in spring.
cuttings placed in sand under a bell-glassover
CULTITATED:
O.
SPECIES
C"ernleum
(Syn. Tweedia
oserulea), blue, summer,
and
fragrant, 3 ft., Argentina;
solanoides, blue, rose, orange
purple, fragrant,
creeping:,N. America;
"
summer,
ft., Brazil,
Oxytropis
herbs.
CTJLTGEE
rockeries.
(Oxytrope).
"
Ord.
Leguminosse.
perennial
Hardy
or
Position, open sunny
: Soil,dry, gravelly,
sandy loam.
healthy.
unor
Plant, March
April. Lift " replant only when
^ in. deep in April or May where
Propagate by seeds sown
requiredto
division
grow;
of roots
in March.
O. oyanea,
6 in., Oaueasus
CULTITATED
:
purple and blue, summer,
;
1 ft., N. America; pyrenaica, purple
Lambertii, wbite, blue and purple, summer,
and
4 in., Europe.
6 in., Pyrenees; uralensis, purple, summer,
lilac,summer,
SPECIES
Ozothamnus.
Nat.
shrub.
"
Australia.
Ord.
Compositae.
First introduced
Hardy
flowering
evergreen
1827.
sheltered
borders
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
or
W. walls, S. or W. of England only. Plant, Sept.,Oct.
in April. Propagate by cuttings of
Prune
when
necessary
in sandy soil under
firm young
inserted
shoots
hand-light in shady
positionin summer.
CULTIVATED:
O. rosmarinifolius, white, July and
SPECIES
Aug., 6 to 10 ft.,
leaves fragrant, Australia.
orchids.
terrestrial
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Stove
PachystoiYia..
CULTURE:
against S.
or
April.
or
"
First introduced
1866.
CULTUEB
:
Compost, good fibry peat. Position, pots or hanging
time
mences
Water
new
baskets, well drained.
growth comfreely from
to
until leaves fall off, very little other times.
Temp., March
60" to 70".
Propagate by division
Sept. 65" to 85"; Sept.to March
of
plant
at
SPECIES
Africa.
Pseonia.
herbaceous
CULTUEE
potting
time.
CULTIVATED:
"
P.
thomsonianum,
wbite
and
purple,
TEEE
OUTDOOES
P.5;0NIES
Soil, two
in., Trop.
Hardy
parts loam,
CULTURE
IN
POTS:
Compost,
manure
and
sand.
Pot, Oct.
cow
then
March,
June
to
Apply weak
two
or
parts loam,
Place
Nor.
Stand
in sunny
one
in
part decayed
cold
frame
Water
manure
till
positionoutdoors,
greenhouse.
to Sept., moderately in
freely March
March
water
to Sept. Plants
occasionally,
only. Temp, for forcing, 55" to 65".
to
remove
Oct.
GARDENING.
OF
TSNOrOLOPMBIA
winter.
flower
in three years
OP
HERBACEOUS
well
CULTUEE
SPECIES:
Soil, moist loam
with cow
" trenched
enriched
3 ft. deep. Position, sunny
manure
or
Plant, Oct. to April,4 ft. apart each way.
shady borders.
Top-dress
annually with well-decayed manure
lightlyforked into surface in Oct.
Mulch
Not.
or
on
dry soils in April. Apply liquid or artificial manures
once
Shade
occasionally,
April to Aug. Water
copiouslyin dry weather.
herbaceous
blooms
sun.
required for exhibition from
Propagate
iin. deep in boxes, pots or pans of sandy soil
speciesby seeds sown
in cold frame
in Sept.; also by division of roots in March
or
April. Tree
the
roots
of
"
P.
P.
albiflora
officinalis in
on
by
species grafting
fleshy
in
of
March
Oct.
division
or
or
roots,
Sept.
layering
;
Aug.
April.
;
P.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED;
and
albiflora, white
pink, May, 3 ft., Siberia;
Corallina, crimBon, May, 3 ft., Europe
(Britain); Moutan
(Tree Pfleony),rose, May
3 ft., China;
Horbaceons
ofiioinalis (Common
May, 2 to 3 ft.,
Pffiony), crimBon,
2
tenuifolia, crimson, May,
ft., Europe;
wittmanniana,
Europe;
yellow, May.
2
ft.. Orient.
Many
garden
varieties.
See Paeonia.
(Pseoniaofficinalis).
Poppy
(Papaver somniferum). See Papaver.
Painted
See Oastilleja.
Cup.
First introduced
Palaua,.
Ord. Malvaceae.
Half-hardy annuals.
1830.
Formerly called Palava.
Pseony
"
Pseony
"
"
"
rockeries.
borders
CULTUEE:
Position, sunny
or
Soil, ordinary.
of light sandy soil in temp.
seeds 1-16 in. deep in pots or boxes
to 65" in March
or
April. Transplant seedlingsoutdoors in May
Sow
55"
or
June.
6 to 9 in., Peru.
P. disseota, manve,
summer,
Ehamnaceae.
deciduous
Hardy
floweringshrubs.
1596.
Branches, spiny. Fruit, ornamental.
walls.
Plant,
or
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, shrubberies
in.
in
soil
doors,
outseeds
sown
\
Propagate by
deep ordinary
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Paliurus.
First introduced
CULTUEE
to Feb.
Oct.
"
Ord.
Oct. to Nov. ; cuttings of roots planted 3 in. deep " 6 in. apart,
with
Oct. to Feb. ; layering shoots, Sept. to Nov. ; removing suckers
to
Dec.
roots attached, Sept.
P. australis, green
and
CULTIVATED."
SPECIES
yellow, June, 4 to 6 ft., S.
Europe.
Palma-Christi
Lily
Palm
Pampas
"
Ord. Araliaceae.
Stove
Panax.
shrubs.
Orn. foliage.
evergreen
1740.
First introduced
Leaves, coarsely " finelydivided, green "
Pretty plants for table decoration.
variegatedwith white.
"
"
OULTUEE:
loam, peaty leaf -mould, charcoal
Compost, equaljparts
Water
sand.
Pot, Feb. to March.
to Oct., moderately
freelyMarch
afterwards.
Temp.,
70".
Propagate by
roots in lightsoil in
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
white,
6
to
March
to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March
60" to
grafting in heat in spring; insertingportionsof
temp. 80" in April.
P.
ft.,Trop. Asia;
frutioosum
frutioosum
Guilfoylel,leaves
Viotoriee, leaves
green
and
green
and
oreamy
white, 4 to
ft.
Pancratium
MNGYCLOPMBIA
GARDHNINO.
OF
" deciduous
:
Compost,
bulbous
two
plants.
First
Position, wella
part decayed
part silver sand.
drained
in
of
sary
March.
stove.
pots
Repotting necesPot,
part
sunny
three
to
four
Water
or
every
abundantly,April Sept.;
years only.
moderately, Sept. to Dec.; keep quite dry, Dec. to March.
Apply
to
to Sept. Temp., 70" to 80" March
once
a week. May
liquidmanure
55"
65"
to
to
March.
Sept.,
Sept
CULTURE
OF HARDY
SPECIES
: Soil,three
parts sandy loam, one
Plant
borders.
Position, warm
part leaf-mould.
exposed well-drained
bulbs
3 to 4 in. deep, Oct., Nov., or
in
winter
Protect
March.
by
Mulch
cocoanut-fibre
refuse or cinder ashes.
layer of decayed manure,
after growth commences
with
manure.
Apply weak
decayed cow
stimulants
Lift, divide " transplant
occasionallyduring summer.
Propagate greenhouse " stove speciesby offsets
every three years.
in March;
removed
from
old bulbs
planting.
rehardy kinds similarlywhen
one
STOTE
Isles.
HARDT
SPECIES:
P.
SPECIES;
(Mediterranean Lily
half
"
manure
Nov.,
18
1 ft., S. Europe;
P. illyricum, -vrliite,
summer,
Sea Daffodil),white, June, 18 in., Mediterranean
maritimum
Eegion.
Pandanacese.
Stove
evergreen
shrubs.
Orn. foliage. First introduced
1771.
Leaves, narrow,
like,
strapwith
white.
serrated, green or variegated
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts sandy loam, one part equal proportions
leaf-mould, charcoal " sand.
Pot, Jan. to April. Position, sunny
moist part of stove.
Water
moderately Oct. to Feb., freelyafterwards.
to Sept. Temp., March
to Sept. 65" to
Syringe twice daily, March
55" to 65".
85"; Sept. to March
Propagate by offsets,Feb. to April.
4 to 6 ft.. New
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
P. Baptistii, leaTes yellow and green,
:
20 ft., Trop. Africa;
Caledonia; candelabrum, leaTes green,
javanious Tariegatus,
leaves green
and
white, 2 to 3 ft. ; Sanderi, leaves green,
white, and yellow,
3 ft. ; Teitchii, leaves green
and
white, 3 ft.,Polynesia.
Panicum
(Panick Grass). Ord. Gramineae.
Hardy and half"
hardy annual
Inflorescence, light,feathery,
perennial grasses.
Pandanus
or
(Screw
Pine]).Ord.
"
"
"
"
Papaver
(Poppy).
"
Ord.
Papaveracese. Hardy
annual
"
peren
nial herbs.
CULTURE
Bvnny
beds
or
ANNUAL
OF
borders.
Sow
SPECIES
seeds
1-16 in.
307
deep
in
patches
where
re-
guiredto
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOP^DIA
in
grow;
Thin
in. high.
tion,
PosiSPECIES
PERENNIAL
: Soil,deep sandjrloam.
rockeries
orientalis
for
dwarf
borders
tall
P.
for
as
species
;
sunny
Plant, Oct., March
or
April.
speciesas P. alpinum " P. nudicaule.
with
March
P.
nudicaule
best
in
manure
or
decayed
April.
Top-dress
from
raised
seeds annually. Propagate annual
speciesby seeds as
in sunny
above;
perennial species by seeds sown
place outdoors in
March
or
or
April ; division of roots in March
April.
P. arenarium, orimson
9 in.,Gaucasas;
ANNUAL
SFEOIES.
and blaok, suiniuer,
18 in., Syria; Irovigatum, scarlet, black
glaucum (Tulip Poppy), crim"on, summer,
2 ft., Greece; pavoninium
and white, summer,
(Feaoook Poppy), scarlet and black,
18 in., Afghanistan;
Bhseas
(Corn or Shirley Poppy), various
colours, 18 in.,
3 ft., China.
Britain; somniferum
(Opium Poppy), various colours, summer,
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
nudicaule
and white,
(Iceland Poppy), yellow, orange
: P.
1 ft., Arctic
Uegions; alpinum (Alpine Poppy), yellow, orange,
summer,
salmon,
and
6 in.,Europe;
orientale
white, summer,
(Oriental Poppy), orange-scarlet, June,
3 ft., Asia
2 ft., Greece;
Minor;
pilosum, orange,
rupifragnm (Spanish
summer,
3 ft., Spain;
Poppy), terracotta, summer,
2 ft.,
rupiorens, cerise-scarlet,summer,
best
hybrid. Alpinum and nudicaule
biennials.
as
grown
in
spring.
CULTUEE
OP
"
Paper
Paper
Birch
Mulberry
"
Brousso-
nettia.
Pappoose-root
See Caulophyl(Caulophyllumthalictrioides).
"
lum.
Paradisea
(St. Bruno's
Lily).
"
Liliaceae.
Ord.
Hardy
ceous
herba-
perennials.
CULTURE:
leaf -mould
with
and decayed
borders.
Plant, Oct. or
Oct. or March;
seeds sown
manure.
March.
Increased
by division of roots in
in cold frame
or
greenhouse in spring.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P. Liliastrum, white, fragrant. May
and
June, 1 to
2 ft., Alps; Liliastrum
major, 4 to 5 ft., larger flowers than the parent. Formerly
known
as
Anthericum
Paradise
Liliastrum.
Apple
Parag^uay
Parasol
Parchment
(Pyrus
malus
prsecox).
"
See
Pyrus.
Tea
-See Ilex.
(Ilexparaguayensis)."
Fig-tree
(Sciadopitysverticillata).See Sciadopitys.
Bark
See Pittospo(Pittosporinmcrassifolium)."
"
rium.
Pardanthus."
See Belamacanda.
Paris
(Herb Paris). Ord. Liliaceae. Hardy perennial herbs.
CULTUEE:
Soil, sandy loam.
Position, shady borders, woods, or
shrubberies.
Plant, Oct. to March.
in
Propagate by seeds sown
moist position outdoors
in autumn
of roots, Oct. or March.
; division
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: P. (juadrifolia(Herb Paris),green
and yellow, summer,
"
in., Britain.
Paris
Daisy
Parkinson's
"
Parlour
Parlour
Parnassia
boga
or
margins
of
streams
seeds
April. Propagate by
outdoors
autumn
or
or
sown
ponds.
in moist
spring; division
308
of roots
in March
or
April.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
GABDENING.
SPECIES:
GREENHOUSE
Compost, as for stove
trained
" shoots
beds
in pots, tubs or
species. Position, grown
up
for
stove
advised
rafters.
as
species. Temp.,
Prune, pot, " water
45" to 50".
March
to Oct. 5b" to 65"; Oct. to March
with a
SPECIES
CULTURE
OF HARDY
: Soil, good ordinary,mixed
south-west
walls.
little decayed manure.
Position, south
or
Plant,
Oct. or March.
Prune in Feb., shortening small shoots to 3 " 6 in.,and
Water
to 2 " 3 ft.
strong ones
freelyin dry weather.
Apply liquid
month
in summer.
to healthy plants once
manure
a
Propagate stove
J in. deep in pots of sandy soil in temp. 65" to
speciesby seeds sown
75" at any time ; by cuttings of young
shoots 4 to 6 in. long inserted in
under
in
soil
65",
temp.
bell-glass
April to Sept. Hardy species,
sandy
inserted
cold
frame
similar
in
in summer
by
; layeringyoung
cuttings
shoots in summer.
P.
and
STOVE
SPECIES
15 to 30 ft.,
alata, orimson, white
:
purple, summer,
and
20 ft., Brazil;
edulis (Granadilla), white
purple, summer,
Peru;
quadrangii20 ft., Trop. America;
larie, red, violet, and white, fragrant, Bummer,
Tacemosa,
20 ft., Brazil.
Boarlet, summer,
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
P.
15 to 20 ft., Trop.
inoarnata, flesh, summer,
CULTURE
OP
America.
HABDT
SPECIES:
P.
20 to 25 ft.,
oserulea, white, blue and
purple, summer,
Elliot.
Brazil, and its white variety. Lady Constance
Passion-flower.
See Passiflora and Tacsonia.
Paternoster
Pea
(Abrus precatorius).See Abrus.
Paullinia.
Ord. Sapindacese. Stove evergreen
twining plants.
First cultivated
1816.
Leaves, finelydivided, green, downy.
"
"
"
CULTURE
Compost,
sand.
shoots trained
wire trellis or
Prune
Water
slightlyin Jan. " Feb.
moderately Oct. to Feb., freelyafterwards.
Syringe twice daily,March
to Sept. Propagate by cuttingsof firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted
in small pots of sandy soil under bell-glass
in temp. 75" to 85" any time.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P.
Cupania, white, June, 15 to 20 ft., Venezuela;
thaliotrifolia,
pink, Sept., 10 to 15 ft., S. America.
Paulownia.
Ord.
tree.
Scrophulariaceae. Hardy deciduous
Orn. foliage" flowering. First introduced
1840.
Leaves, large,soft
:
parts loam,
two
two
parts leaf-mould
Position, well-drained
pots with
Pof, March.
up rafters of roof.
"
round
"
"
downy.
CULTURE
lawns.
Soil,sandy loam.
SPECIES
Pavetta
shrubs.
CULTIVATED:
P.
imperialis,violet, June,
15
to 20
ft., Japan.
Ord.
Rubiaceae.
(Wild Jasmine).
Stove
evergreen
foliage. Leaves, oblong lance-shaped,dark olive-green,
"
Orn.
with
white, salmon-red
spotted
mid-ribs.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts good fibrous peat, one
part fibrous
loam " silver sand.
Position,shady part of stove whilst growing,light
situation
when
at rest.
Pot. Feb. or March; good drainage indispensable.
Prune
into shape in Feb.
Water
freelyfrom Marck to Sept,;
moderately afterwards.
Syringe twice
March
to
liquidmanure
once
or
twice
week
to
March
daily,
healthy plants in
Aug.
Apply
Temp.,
Propagate by
flower.
MNOTOLOP^BIA
SPECIES
OF
OAMDBNINO.
CULTIVATED
Pavia."
Pavoniai
See
"
P. borbonioa, 3 to
:
iEsoulus.
Ord. Malvaceae.
Stove
tt.,Bourbon.
plants.
^
evergreen
^
1778.
CTJLTXJEE
:
Compost, two parts loam,
March.
Position,pots in shade.
Water
one
part peat
"
First
duced
intro-
sand.
Pot,
rately
to Sept., modefreelyMarch
to Sept.
Syringe daily in summer.
Temp., March
March
55" to 65".
Propagate by cuttings inserted
afterwards.
65" to 75"; Sept. to
in fine sand under
in temp. 75" at any
bell-glass
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P. coooinea, fioarlet,
eummer,
1 to 2 ft., Brazil.
flora,purple, autumn,
Pea
(Pisum sativum). See Pisum.
See Lathyrus.
Pea, Sweet."
time.
1 to 2
ft.,Brazil:
multi-
"
Peach
Peach-leaved
Prunus.
Bell-flower
See
(Campanula persicifolia)."
Campanula.
Peach
Trumpet-flower
See
(Solaudragrandiflora)."
Solan-
dra.
Peacock
Anemone
(Anemone Pavonia). See
Peacock-flower
(Csesalpinia
pulcherrima). See
Peacock
Iris (IrisPavoma)." See Iris.
Peacock
Treasure-flower
(Gazania
Gazania.
Pear
(Pyrus communis). See Pyrus.
"
"
Anemone.
Ceesalpinia.
Pavonia)."See
"
Pearl-berry
Pearl-bush
(Bxochordagrandiflora).See Exochorda.
Pearl
Cud-vweed
(Anaphalismargaritacea). See Anaphalis.
"
"
Pearl-grass
"
Pedilanthus
Stove succulent
shrub.
First introduced
1874.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
loam,
sandy
parts
half a part decayed cow
" silver sand.
manure
Position,dry sunny
March
to Sept. 60
March;
once
Propagate by
phalis.
Ana-
See
week
part
of stove.
cuttingsof
shoots, 2
Pot, March
Temp., Sept
80".
Water
afterwards.
No
to
once
one
in three
March
60" to 70";
from
weeks
Sept. to
stimulants
required.
to
syringingor
long, exposed to
to 3 in.
sun
for
one
inserted
days,
singly in sand in 2 in. pots, " placed on a
the glass,any time during summer.
shelf near
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P. tithymaloides, stems
fleshy, 6 ft., S. America.
Peerless
Daffodil
See Narcissus.
(Narcissusiucomparabilis).'
baceous,
"
Ord.
Geraniaceae.
Greenhouse
Pelarg^onium.
hardy her"
tuberous-rooted
perennials.
Flowering
shrubby,
evergreen,
" orn.
P. grandiflorum
"Geraniums."
as
foliage. Popularly known
first introduced
1794; P. peltatum, 1701; P. zonale, 1710.
CLASSIFICATION
TYPES:
OP
roundish, cor(1) Zonal." Leaves
horse-shoe
mark
near
date, lobed, pubescent, green, with or without
Sub-classes : Bicolor.
Leaves
edged
margin of upper surface.
green,
with
Tricolor.
Leaves, green,
white; or white, edged with green.
Bronze.
Yellow
with
bronze
white, yellow, " crimson.
zone.
(2)
Show : Leaves, palmately lobed, toothed
margins, wrinkled, green ;
wrinkled
smooth
flowers large, with
or
edges. Sub-class : Eegal.
simflar
Leaves
to show kinds; flowers
Flowers semi-double.
(3)Fancy:
or
two
then
"
"
"
"
"
"
311
"
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA
smaller, spotted
OARDENINO.
blotched.
or
five-angled,green
or
; scented.
SPECIES:
Soil, sandy
HERBACEOUS
Plant, March
well-drained
loam.
rockery or border.
Position, sunny
or
April. Protect in winter with covering of cocoanut-fibre refuse.
Scented-leaved
OULTUEE
variously shaped
Leaves
OP
HARDY
ing:
FlowerSummer
in.
2
in
Insert
pots.
or
Sept. singly
cuttings in
Aug.
to
4 in. size.
transfer
then
Place
in
temp. 45" till March,
also
of side
Peb.
March,
in
or
shoot
Nip off point of main
roots
when
to
6 in. pots
shoots
when
2 in.
long. Transfer
reach
Pot
side of 5 in. sizes.
firmly. Compost for first potting,
half a
two pai'tsyellow fibrous
loam, half a part well-decayedmanure,
CULTURE
part leaf-mould,
or
potting,
of
of
coarse
"
sand
bone-meal
Por
phate,
tablespooufulof superphos-
to each
bushel; for final
" leaf-mould, quarter part
loam, manure
charcoal, tablespooufulof superphosphate or
pint
of
proportionof
same
each
part
one
quarter
a.
PELARGONIUMS:
ZONAL
OP
sand
coarse
"
flower
buds until fortnight
bushel.
Remove
ten
first
final potting. Water
days after potting;
moderately
month
after
final
stimulants
afterwards.
potting. Shade
Apply
freely
40"
to 50"; March
March
in
to
from
when
bloom.
sun
Temp., Aug.
window
afterwards.
cool
55" to 60"; ordinary
to May
greenhouse or
ing
soil
"
shorten shoots
After flowering,
keep
just moist, repottingfollowWinter
Flowering: Insert
large plants. Por
spring to make
in
temp. 55" to 65".
cuttings singly in 2 in. pots in Peb. or March
Transfer
when
well rooted
into 4 in. " again into 6 in. in June.
Nip off
Pinch
point of main shoot in April," of side shoots in May or June.
cold frame, or
off flower
buds appearing before
Sept. Stand in sunny
plunge to rim of pots in cinder ashes in open position,June to Sept.
Remove
into greenhouse in Sept. Water
freely outdoors, moderately
week
twice
a
indoors.
a
week, June to Sept., once
Apply stimulants
50"
55".
to
to
March
afterwards.
above.
as
Temp.,
Sept.
Compost,
pint of bone-meal
to each
after
ing,
After flowerDry atmosphere essential to prevent damping of blooms.
shorten
shoots, keep moderately moist, " repot. Zonals, Bicolors.
for Bedding: Insert
" Tricolors
cuttings in Aug. or Sept., several in
boxes.
5 in. pots, or 2 in. apart in shallow
Keep thus until Peb., then
in
to
in.
3
transfer
temp. 55" until April, then
pots, place
singly
outdoors
in June.
Lift plantsin Sept.,
and
cold
to
remove
frame,
plant
in
3 in. pots; zonals
and
bronzes
singly
placing bicolors, tricolors,
three
in
in.
in
4
5
similar
a
or
pots,
singly
pot, or a few inches apart
in
40"
"
in shallow
to
45", in greenhouse, room
boxes,
storing
temp.,
Zonals;
Insert
in
cellar. Specimen
or
cuttings Aug. or Sept.,growing
then
transfer
in 2 in. pots until March,
to 4 in. sizes.
Compost as
:
when
3 in.
off
long.
points of
main
shoot
in March,
also of side shoots
these firmlyto wire fixed to rim of pot, " allow
in centre.
Remove
all blooms
fer
Transshoots to form
first year.
young
June.
Grow
in greenhouse near
or
to 6 in. pot in May
glass.
Water
moderately in winter. Apply stimulants,
freelyduring summer,
shoots two
thirds in Jan.
shoots
When
June
to Sept. Shorten
new
form
repot. Nip off points of shoots where necessary to ensure
good
Stimulants
for Zonals : liquid
horse, cow,
shape. Compost as above.
water, " applied twice a
sheep or deer dung, diluted with two-thirds
in winter ; nitrate of soda, \ oz. to a
in summer,
week
once
a
week
soil is moist
a
week, when
only, for
gallon of water, applied once
Nip
above
Tie
312
ENOYCLOPJiVIA
three
of
four
or
weeks,
soda; soot-water
soot
to
36
then
OF
cease
sulphate
(one peck
gall,of water),
GARDENING.
each
diluted
of
of
sheep
with
ammonia,
same
as
nitrate
"
oow
half
of
a
week.
CULTURE
OF
SHOW
AND
FANCY
Insert
PELARGONIUMS:
in
July.
sand,
"
to
tablespoonfulof superphosphate
firm potting essential.
Stimulants
each
bushel.
Good
above.
CULTURE
OF
IVY-LEATED
PELARGONIUMS
Insert
:
cuttings
singlyin 2 in. pots, or three or four in a 4 in. pot in Aug. or Sept.
Grow
in greenhouse near
glass until Feb. or March, then transfer to
4 in. pots. Nip off points of main
shoots in Feb. or March.
Repot in
Sin. pots in April or
May. Train shoots to stakes or place plants
in suspended baskets, " let them
droop over sides. Water
moderately
a
drainage
and
as
for zonals.
as
CULTURE
OF
FRAGRANT-LEAVED
PELARGONIUMS
Compost,
and
leaf-mould,
parts loam, half a part each of decayed manure
Pot and treat as advised for zonals.
quarter part sand.
Peopaoatb
1-16 in. deep in a
well-drained
by seeds sown
pot or
filled
with
in
55"
to
to
Feb.
soil,
65",
temp.
light
sandy
pan,
April;
two
cuttings inserted
above
directed
in each
as
section; grafting on
kinds iu close frame
under
in temp. 55" to 65"
or
bell-glass
in spring; tuberous-rooted
kinds by division m
spring.
HiRDT
HBRBACEOTJS
SPECIES:
P.
2
endlioheriannm, rose,
ft..
summer,
common
Orient.
FRAGRANT-LEAVED
SPECIES:
P.
and
oapitatnm (Rose-soented), rose
purple,
2 to
(Citron-scented),white, summer,
Africa; crispum (Lemon-scented), purple, Sept., 2 to 3 ft.,S. Africa; denticulatum
filicifolium (Fem-leaTed), purple, summer,
3 to 4 ft., S. Africa; fragrans
2 to 3 ft.; quercifolium (Oak-leaved),
(Nutmeg-scented),white and red, summer,
pink, purple, May, 3 to 4 ft., S. Africa; radula (Balsam-scented), purple, summer.
3 to 4 ft., S. Africa
3 ft.,
(Peppermint-scented), wMte,
; tomentosum
summer,
summer,
3 ft.,S.
to
ft., S. Africa
S. Africa.
OTHER
SPECIES
and white, summer,
citriodorura
inquinauB
(parent of the Scarlet Geraniums), scarlet, rose,
ft., S. Africa; peltatum (Syn. hederEefolium),
parent of the
S. Africa
Ivy-leaved Geraniums, white or red, summer,
; grandiflorum
(parent of
2 ft., S.
the^Show, Fancy, and Regal Pelargoniums), white and red, summer,
Africa; zonale (Horseshoe or Zonal
Geranium), parent of the zonal, bicolor and
tricolor geraniums,
2 ft., S. Africa.
various
colours, summer,
P.
Pelecyphora.
succulent
CULTURE
pounded
perennial.
:
(Hatchet Cactus).
"
First
introduced
Ord.
Cactaceae.
Greenhouse
1843.
"
Compost, equal parts sandy loam, rough old mortar
windows.
Position, sunny
or
greenhouse
airy
Pot,
bricks.
313
OF
ENOTGLOP^DIA
OARDENINO.
or
roots.
in spring.
CULTIVATED;
SPECIES
Pelexia.
introduced
CULTUEE
Ord.
"
aBseliformis,white
P.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
and
roee,
June,
terrestrial
in., Mexico.
orchids.
First
1823.
:
Position, well-drained
"
of
sand.
stove.
55" to 65".
to Sept. ; Sept. to March
65" to 75" March
gate
Propawith roots attached, inserted singly
by cuttingsof shoots removed
in temp. 45" to 55" in
small pots of peaty compost under
bell-glass
Temp.,
m
spring.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
rosco-alba, white,
sammer,
P. maonlata,
ft., Brazil.
green
and
pink,
snmmer,
to
ft.;
Pellsea.
Greenhouse
(Cll"E
Brake-Fern). Ord. Filices.
evergreen
deciduous
ferns.
First introduced
1770.
Fronds, hand-shaped or
twice divided; green.
once
or
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, peat " sand,
with a little charcoal
" sandstone.
Pot or plant, Mar5i.
Position,
well-drained
pots in shady part of greenhouse or in beds or rockeries in
shade.
Water
moderately Oct. to Feb., freely afterwards.
Temp.,
45" to 55" ; March
to Sept.60" to 65".
P. atropurpurea
Sept. to March
is sufficiently
in sheltered
rockeries if prohardy to grow outdoors
tected
with litter or hand-light
in winter.
Propagate by spores sown
surface
of sandy peat in shallow
on
pan in temp. 70" to 80", any time ;
division of plantsin Feb. to April.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
P.
adiantioidea
(Syn. Platyloma
adiantioideB),W.
Indies;
atropurpurea, N. America;
Breweri, N. America;
oalomelanos. Cape
oordata
flexuosa
cordata,
Mexico;
Colony;
(Syn. Platyloma
flexuosa), W.S.
America;
faloata. Tropics, Australia, New
Zealand; hastata
(Syn. Pteris hastata),
S. Africa; muoronata,
California; ternifolia,Trop. America.
"
"
Pellionia.
Ord. Urticacese.
Stove creeping herb.
Orn. foliage.
introduced
1880.
Leaves, roundish, oval or heart-shaped;olivegreen with violet " white markings.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
"
parts sandy loam, one
part leaf-mould
sand.
Pot
or
or
plant, March
shallow
April. Position,
or
on
pans
surface
of beds or rockeries
under
or
staging. Water
moderately Oct.
to Feb.; freely afterwards.
Temp., Sept. to April 55" to 65"; April
to Sept. 65" to 75".
Propagate by cuttingsof creeping shoots inserted
m
sandy soil in small pots under
in temp. 75" to 85" in
bell-glass
spring; division of plants in March
or
April.
"
First
SPECIES
CULTIVAITSD:
P.
davcauana. Cochin
China;
pulchra. Cochin
China.
Peltandra
Aroidero.
(Arrow-Arum)." Ord.
Hardy perennial
herb.
Orn. foliage. First introduced 1759, Leaves,
spear-head shaped,
broad, deep green.
CULTURE
shallow
of soil
pond.
in
piece
canvas
or
the
whole
into
the water.
ENOYGLOPMDIA
OF
GARDENING.
OULTIVATED:
Peltaria.
First introduced
CTJLTUEE:
P.
Ord.
"
virginion, 1 ft., N.
Cruciferae.
in
soil in
America.
herbaceous
Hardy
muddy
perennial herb.
1601.
Plant, garlic-scented.
borders, beds or
Position, sunny
rookeries.
Plant, Oct., March
or
April. Propagate by seeds sown
4 in. deep outdoors, March
or
April,where plantsare required to grow ;
division of plants in March
or
April.
Soil, ordinary.
OtTLTITATED:
SPECIES
P.
1 ft., E. Europe.
alliaoea,white, summer,
Gramineae.
Hardy perennial grasses.
Plowering " oru. foliage. Inflorescence very graceful and useful for
cuttingand drying for winter decoration.
CULTURE
OP
P. LATIFOLIUM:
tered,
Soil, sandy loam.
Position, shelwell-drained
borders in warm
of
the
Plant,
kingdom only.
parts
weather
with
April. Protect in severe
covering of mats, or lift in
to greenhouse, replanting
Nov., place in large pots or tuba " remove
in April or May.
outdoors
CULTURE
OP P. LONGISTYLUM
: Soil,ordinary. Position, sunny
in diameter
borders.
Sow seeds 1-16 in. deep in patches a foot or more
where
in March
flower.
Gather
inflorescence
to
or
April,
plants are
for winter
annual.
an
as
use, end of July. This speciesis best treated
P.
latifolium
in.
in
1-16
seed
sown
Propagate
deep
sandy soil in
by
shallow boxes or pans in temp. 60" to 65", March
or
April, transplanting
seedUngs outdoors in May or June ; division of root in April
P. latifolium
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
5 to 8 ft.,
(Syn. Gymnothrix
latifolia),
perennial, Argentina; longistylum, 12 to 18 in., annual, Abyssinia.
Pennyroyal
(Mentha pulegium). See Mentha.
Pentas.
Kubiaceae.
Stove
Ord.
floweringshrubs.
evergreen
First introduced
1842.
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts fibrous peat iS;leaf -mould, halt" sand.
each
loam
Pot, Feb. to April. Position, well-drained
part
light
Water
stove.
in
of
moderately Sept. to April, freely
pots
lightpart
to
at other times.
Syringe daily April
Sept. Prune plants into shape
off
shoots
after
sionally
occapoints of young
flowering. Nip
imnlediately
induce
habit
"
to
of growth.
June
bushy
July
during May,
Temp., Sept to April 50" to 60"; April to Sept. 60" to 75". Propagate
shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted singly in 2-in.
by cuttings of young
PennJSetum.
"
Ord.
"
"
sandy compost
"
placed
under
in temp,
bell-glass
of
summer.
SPECIES
kermesina,
rose
and
violet;
P.
oamea,
carnea,
"
Liquid
tablespoonfulto
stimulants
rate
of
cow
each
or
horse
manure
plant forked
superphosphate
into surface
of soil in
at
the
May;
once
a
week; Peruvian
of soda Joz. to a gall,of water
guano
twice
week.
1-16 in.
a
Propagate by seeds sown
J oz. to gall,of water
deep in a well-drained pot or pan of light soil in temp. 55" to 65"
in Feb. or March,
transplantingseedlings outdoors in May; cuttings
in sandy soil in boxes
bed
3 in. long inserted
or
a
shoots
of young
in
cold
frame
Aug., allowing them to remain
under
hand-light,or in
division in April
there until April;
^
315
nit"ate
GARDENING.
OF
MNGYGLOP^DIA
barbatns
P. azureus,
8PE0IES
CULTIVATED:
blue, Aug., 1 ft., N. America;
3 ft., U.
Oobsea, purple and
States;
(Syn. Ohelone
barbata), scarlet, summer,
white, Aug., 1 ft., U. States ; confertus
cacrulea-purpureus, purple and blue, 1 ft.,
1 ft., U. States; gentianoides,
summer.
Rocky Mountains;
glaber, purple, summer,
3 ft., Mexico!
2 ft., Mexico;
Menziesii, lilac,
scarlet, summer,
HartwegU,
summer,
red
kinds
and
The
so
purple, June, 6 in., I*I.W. America.
largely in
grown
and
P. Hart
from
F.
Cobsea
gardens were
originally derived
hybrids between
wegii.
See Paeonia.
Peony
(Fseoniaofficinalis).
Peperomia
(Pepper-Elder). Ord. Piperacese. StoTe herbaceous
1815.
perennials; creeping " erect; oru.
foliage. First introduced
Leaves, roundish
or
egg-shaped; green, variegated with white.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts fibrous loam " peat with half a
Pot, March
or
part sand.
April. Position, small well-drained pots
for erect species,
shallow pans or beds for creepingspecies. Shade from
Water
sun.
moderately in winter, freelyin summer.
Syringe daily,
April to Sept. Temp.. April to Sept. 60" to 75"; Sept. to April55"
to 65".
Propagate by cuttings of shoots or single jointswith leaf
attached
inserted
in sandy peat " plunged in bottom
heat in temp.
65" to 75" in spring.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
and
P. argyreia, leaves green
8. America;
margrey,
and
leaves green,
morata, leaves, green
white, Brazil^ metallica,
Peru;
nummuand
white.
larisefolia,round green
leaves; Sandersii, leaves, green
See Peperomia.
Elder.
Pepper
"
"
"
See Mentha.
Peppermint
(Mentha piperita)."
Geranium
Peppermint-scented
(Pelargonium
tosum). See Pelargonium.
tomen-
"
Pepper-plant."
Perennial
Perennial
See
Piper.
Candytuft."
See
Iberis.
Flax
Perennial
"
"
Perennial
Helian-
thua.
Pereskia
(Barbados Gooseberry).
"
First
Ord.
Cactaceas.
Stove
lent
succu-
introduced
1696.
perennials.
CTJLTUBE:
Compost, equal parts loam,
fourth
sand.
dry part
of
Pot, March.
stove,
moderately Sept.
or
to
in beds
with
shoots
trained
April,freelyafterwards.
to
dry wall.
Temp., Sept. to
Water
March
Perilla.
Ord. Labiatse.
annual.
First
Half-hardy orn.-foliaged
1770.
Leaves, egg-shaped,pointed; green or dark bronzy
purple,with fimbriated edges.
CtJLTTJRE
seeds 1-16 in. deep in shallow
: Sow
boxes or pans filled
with ordinary light soil placed in temp, of 65" to 75" in Feb. or March.
"
introduced
three
apart in shallow
leaves
boxes.
have
formed
singly into 2-in.
Keep in temp. 55" to 65" till
doors
gradually harden off " plant out-
pots,
or
May,
to, beds.
316
or
for lines
in, or
edgings
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
persica)."See Fritillaria.
Lily (Fritillaria
Tulip
(Tulipa clusianaj."See Tulipa.
Daffodil
(Hymenocallis Amancaes).
Persian
Persian
Peruvian
See
"
callis.
Peruvian
Hymeno
(Heliotropium peruvianum).
Heliotrope
See
"
Heliotropium.
(Tropaeolum tuberosum)." See
IMasturtium
Peruvian
Tro-
Ijaeolum.
(Datura
Trumpet-flower
Datura.
Petasites
herbs.
suavolens).
"
See
nial
(Winter Heliotrope).^Ord.Compositae. Hardy perenFlowering " orn. foliage. Leaves, kidney or heartshaped.
large, downy
CULTURE
shaded
Oct. or Nov.
SPECIES
Lily
Swamp
Peruvian
lanthes.
Peruvian
beneath, green.
woodland, paror
tially
: Soil, ordinary. Position, shrubberies
Nov.
borders.
Propagate by division,
Plant, Oct. or
CULTIVATED
Region.
Ord.
(Purple Wreath).
Petrea
"
climber; deciduous.
First
Stove-flowering
Terbenaceae.
1733.
introduced
CULTURE
:
Compost,equal parts loam, leaf -mould, peat " sand ;
little charcoal.
Position, well-drained
pot, bed, or border, with shoots
Pot or plant,Feb.
in
trained up rafters or trellis
shady part of stove.
rately
March
to Sept.,modeWater
Feb.
Prune
March.
freely,
or
slightly,
March
to
to
March
afterwards.
Sept. Temp.,
Syringe daily
60".
55" to
Propagate by cuttings
Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March
in sandy soil in well-drained
shoots inserted
of firm young
pot under
bell-glassin temp. 65" lo 75", spring " summer.
13 ft., ColombiaP. arborea, violet, blue, summor,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
12 ft., Trop. America
Yolubilis (Purple Wreath), purple, summer,
Whin
(Genista anglica)."See Genista.
Petty
Solanaceae.
Ord.
perennials
Petunia.
Half-hardy herbaceous
"
1823.
First introduced
CULTURE
INDOOR
:
Compost, two parts decayed turfy loam, one
Position, sunny
quarter part silver sand.
manure,
part well-rotted
Shade
Pot, Feb. to
only from bright sun.
greenhouse or window.
Pinch
Size of pots, 3, 5 " 6 in.
out
point
June, moderately firm.
Prune
in spring to induce bushy growth.
shoots occasionally
of young
rately
modeWater
shoots of old plants moderately close in Feb. or March.
No syringing required. Apply
Sept. to April,freelyafterwards.
Train
shoots
to established
stimulants
plants when flower buds form.
Suitable
to stakes.
Joz. nitrate of soda or sulphate
liquidmanures:
to 1 gallon of water, applied three or four successive times
of ammonia
to a gallon of water
applied twice a week; one-fourth
Joz.
only;
guano
liquid cow,
advised
40"
for
horse, sheep, or
guano.
deer
dung
Temp., March
to
to three-fourths
Oct.
55"
to
water
applied
65" ; Oct
to March
as
to 50".
CULTURE
: Soil,ordinaryrich.
beds,
Position, sunny
trellises.
June.
or
"
Plant,
store
Lift, Sept.,
borders, vases,
in
pots
in
greenhouse to furnish cuttings in spring. Water
freely in dry
cold frame
Place
in May to harden
in
weather.
before planting out.
above.
stimulants
as
surface of a
Propagate by seeds sown
on
Apply
OUTDOOR
compost
of
"
sand
in
well-drained
ENOYOLOPMDIA
pot
or
OABDENING.
OF
of young
temp.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P.
-violaoea,purple, summer,
in gardens.
grown
Peucedanum
esculent-rooted
CtTLTURE
" not
Draw
four
or
or
April; by cuttings
pots, pans,
or
boxes
tina;
nyotaginiflora, white, Aug., 2 ft., annual, Argenties
Last named
parent of varieperennial, Argentina.
(Parsnip; Dill)."Ord.
Hardy
TJmbelliferae.
nial
bien-
vegetable.
12
2 in. high
in. wide,
30
trench
: Dig
a
group.
18 in. deep. Put
3 in.
in
then
in.
of soil
6
manure
bottom,
decayed
mixed
with
little manure,
" filled up with
fine friable soil.
a
Sow
two
three seeds in groups
foot apart down
of the trench.
centre
or
a
Reduce
the seedlingswhen
Third
2 in. high to one
in each
group.
Method:
Make
holes 3ft. deep.Sin. in diameter
at top " 15 in. apart
each way.
Fill the lower six inches of the hole with a compost of fine
" a pinch of superphosphate. The
soil, decayed manure,
remaining
fill
with
similar
of soot " a pinch
but with the addition
material,
space
Sow
the seeds in
of salt.
plant
groups of three or four, " thin to one
2 in. high. Suitable
when
Artificial Manures
phate
: 2f lb. kainit, 1 lb. sulof ammonia,
lb.
be
half
before
to
2^
applied
guano
per square rod,
after crop is thinned.
Lift " store roots
only
sowing and remainder
in event
of bad
weather;
they retain their flavour better lifted as
for one
wanted
from
the ground. Seed retains its vegetative powers
50
ft.
1
for
a row
long, oz.
Crop reaches
year only. Quantity required
in
24
27
15
to
to
weeks.
Seed
take
to
20
maturity
days
germinate.
Market
Culttjbe:
trench
Soil, loam, deeply worked.
Plough or
add
surface
in
stable
Harrow
iu
but
no
manure.
over
autumn,
deeply
kainit
iu
3
"
Feb.
Manures
4 cwt.
cwt.
:
autumn,
applied
per acre
in Feb. or March
Sow
IJ in. deep vo.
superphosphate at sowing time.
Seed
18 in. asunder.
rows
required per acre, 9 lb. Thin seedlings to
Market
9 in. apart. Lift as
required after November.
by the tally
"
"
cultivation
of
Cost
5s.
:
Singleing or thinning,
(60 roots).
per acre
;
to
one
each
-n
lifting,26s.
Average
or
Second
per
April.
Average
acre.
^650
returns
Thin
Method
seedlingswhen
out
yield
per
acre,
500
to
600
bushels.
to ."80.
per acre,
DILL
OF
Sow seeds 1 in. deep in drills
: Soil,ordinary.
Thin
to
8iu.
9 in. apart in March.
leaves
seedlings
apart. Gather
for
use.
as
required
CULTIVATED:
P.
SPECIES
graveolens (Dill), yellow, July, 3 ft., India;
sativum
(Parsnip), yellow, July and Aug., 1 ft.,Europe.
Pha,celiam
Ord. Hydrophyllacese. Hardy
annuals.
Good
bee
First introduced
1826.
flowers.
CULTUEE
"
CTJLTUE.E
or
partiallyshaded
lines where
required to grow
Sin.
to
in
2
June.
apart
seedlings
P.
CULTIVATED:
8 in., California;
SPEOIBS
campanularia, blue, summer,
1 ft., California; tanaoetifolia, blue and
pink, July, 2 ft.,
Parryi, violet, summer,
California; Wbitlavia
(Syn. Whitlavia
grandiflora),blue, Sept., 1 ft., California.
Phaedranassa
(Queen Lily). Ord. Amaryllidaceae. Stove and
bulbous
plants. First introduced 1800.
greenhouse flowering
:
beds or borders.
in April. Thin
Sow
seeds
in
patches
or
"
CULTUEE
half
Oct.;
part
in
Compost,
sand.
two
Position, well-drained
319
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Water
Oct.
GARDENING.
OF
to March.
potting time.
at
STOVE
SPECIES:
GEBENHOUSE
Ecuador.
Carmioli,
P.
LehmaQili, scarlet,
summer,
SPECIES
Phsenocomai
shrub.
CULTDEE
silver sand
Ord.
introduced
"
First
red
and
ft., Colombia.
P. chloraoea,
green,
purple,
Oompositoe.
Bammcr,
rose,
and
Greenhouse
ft., Costa
green,
Rica:
18
summer,
in.,
ing
flower-
evergreen
1789.
65", summer.
SPECIES
"
to
OULTITATED:
P. prolifera, crimson,
and
rose,
prolifera Bamesii,
superior form.
Ord. Orchidaceae.
Stove
terrestrial
purple. May
to
Sept.,
ft., S. Africa;
Phaius.
"
orchids.
First
troduced
in-
1778.
CULTURE:
Pot, March
March
55" to
Oct. to March.
is completed.
65".
or
Growing period:
March
to Oct.
Resting period:
at base of new
bulb soon
after growth
appear
Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbs,March
or
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
bicolor, red, white, rose, and yellow, summer,
: P.
18 in.,
Ceylon ; Blumei, brown, white, crimson, and yellow, spring, 2 ft., Java ; grandifloruB, yellow, brown, rose, and purple, spring, i\ ft., Trop. Asia and
Australia;
Humboldtii,
purple, brown,
white, crimson,
and
rose,
18
yellow, summer,
in.,
Madagascar;
maoulatus,
yellow and brown, spring, 2J ft., N. India; simnlans,
white, rose, purple, yellow, and crimson, winter, 1 ft., Madagascar- tuberculosus
yellow and
purple, winter, 2 ft., Madagascar;
Wallichii, white, orange,
purple,
and
yellow, winter, 2 ft., India.
Flowers
Phalsenopsis
(Moth Orchid; Indian
Butterfly-plant). Ord.
Orchidacese.
Stove evergreen
epiphytalorchids. First introduced 1836.
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts
sphagnum moss, fibrous peat with
fine particlesremoved, charcoal
" clean potsherds. Position, shallow
pans, small teak baskets or fixed to blocks of wood, suspended from
roof
of stove.
in pans
Plant
baskets
or
fix to blocks, Feb. to March.
or
In fastening plants to blocks, first place
layer of moss, then roots of
plant, then another layer of moss,
" secure
firmly with copper wire
to be well drained.
Pans
Water
to April; baskets
daily, March
or
blocks by dipping in tepid water, once
twice a
or
Oct to March.
"
week,
"Ioistatmosphere
very
essential
in
summer.
320
Shade
from
sun.
Temp.,
^NCitotoPMDtA
65" to 80" March
Of
garden
in a.
to March
60" to 65".
Growing period,
axil
Flowers
Oct.
March.
in
to
restingperiod,
appear
of leaf.
Admit
in
moderate
air
of
amount
summer.
Propagate by
division or by offsets removed
from
flowering stems when well rooted.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P. amabilis, white
andj-ellow,Marcll to Oct., Malaya;
and
esnieralda, rosy
6 in., Coollin
purple, summer,
purpl"?,
Clllna; Lowii, white
4 in.,Moulmein;
and
summer,
lueddemanuiana.wJiite
periods, 8 in.,
purpJe, various
Philippines: sanderiana, rose, purple, white, and
pines;
yellow, winter, 8 in., Philipschilleriana, mauve,
red, spring, 1 ft., Philippines';
white, yellow, and
and
speciosa, purple, orange
white,
stuartiana,
white, winter, S in., Andamaus
;
pfurple and yellow, winter, 2 to 3 ft., Philippines; violacea, violet, rose
and puro'e,
8 in., Malaya.
^umeroU8
summer,
hybrids.
Phalaris
Grass;
(Gardener's Garters; Lady's Garters; Eibbon
Silver Grass). Ord. Gramiueaa.
"
perennialflowering
Hardy annual
" ornamental
in paniFlowers, white, green, purple, borne
cles;
grasses.
March
to Oct. ; Oct.
to Oct. ;
"
to
April.
ANNUAL
PEEENNIAL
white,
P.
oanariensis
SPECIES:
P.
arundinacea
SPECIES
:
4 ft., N. Regions.
to
Phaseolus
French
annuals.
Bean).
"
Scarlet
Haricot
Bean;
Runner;
(Kidney Bean;
Legumiuosae. Stove and hardy perennials and
Ord.
Kidney
or
French
Bean
first introduced
1509;
Runner
Beau
1663.
CULTURE
little sand.
OF
SNAIL
FLOWER
"
peat,
Position, well-drained
pots, shoots twining round trellis,
Water
posts, or pillars.Pot, Feb.
moderately in winter; freely in
50" to 55"; March
summer.
to Sept. 55" to
Temp., Sept. to March
65".
in light soil in temp. 65" in March;
Propagateb^ seeds sown
in temp. 65" in April.
cuttingsinserted in sandy soil under bell-glass
OR
"CULTURE
OF KIDNEY
BEAN
FRENCH
: Soil, light,rich, well
manured
" dryish. Position, open, sunny.
Draw
drills 3 in. deep "
18 in. apart. Sow
seeds 4 in. apart end of April, middle
of May, beginning
of
of July.
" end
Thin
three leaves
seedlings when
form
to
another
apart,
thinnings
row
replanting
or
appear
the drills thorou^lyif soil be dry before sowing the
Water
rows.
Mulch
with manure
when
seeds.
Water
seedlingsappear.
freely in
when
Plants hear earlier
Apply stimulants
pods form.
dry weather.
in open garden.
if sown
along centre of early celeryridges than if sown
POT
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts good soil, one
part decayed
Size of pots, 8 in.
Put 1 in. of crocks in bottom, next a layer
manure.
of half -decayedtree leaves or fresh horse
droppings, then enough compost
seeds J in. deep, 2 in. apart. Moisten
to half fillthe pot. Dibble
Water
with tepidwater.
moderately when seeds sprout; freelywhen
1 in. high. Top-dress with
when
equal parts soil " manure
plants
after top-dressing
reach rim of pot. Apply stimulants
has been done
a
fortnight. Temp., 55" to 65". Support shoots with small twigs.
No
shade required. Keep close to glass.
BEANS:
RUNNER
OF
Soil, light,deep, well manured.
CULTURE
shady
or
partially
Position, sunny
garden,arbour, trellis,or fences;
to
former
June
12 in.
besti
Sow
seeds
first week-iu
321
May
4 in.
apart, and
3 in.
deep
ji
ENOtGLOPJSDtA
OP
OAUDtlMlNG.
in
iu drills 6ft. asunder;
in double
9 in. apart " 8 ft. asunder;
rows
" 6 in. soil,
9 in. wide, 12 iu. deep, containing 3 m.
manure
6 in. asunder.
seeds being dibbled
2 in. deep, 4 in. apart in two
rows
Support plants with long stakes, or trellises,or strands of twine when
6 in. high, or
nip off point of main shoot when 3 ft. high, and subsequent
shoots
when
6 in. long to ensure
dwarf
habit.
Mould
in
up those sown
drills. Mulch
Water
with manure.
freely in dry weather, otherwise
flowers will fall off. Apply stimulants
able
Suitfreely when pods form.
salt
lb.
artificial manures
3
1
of
lb.
each
of
nitrate
soda
:
"
J
;
^1)
rod
sui^erphosphate; lib. kamit, half this to be applied to a square
before
in June.
sowing, remainder
(2) 21b. kaiuit; 51b. nitrate of
soda ; 9 lb. superphosphate; 1 lb. sulphate of iron per square
rod, to
be applied when
the plants are
3 in. high.
:
Liquid manures
\ oz.
nitrate of soda to a gallon; 1 oz. ^uano to a gallon; one- third horse or
diluted
with
two-thirds
cow
manure
water, to be applied when
pods
form.
50 ft. long : ^ pint of kidney
Quantity of seed required for a row
beans.
Seeds retain their vegetatiye powers
beans; 1 pint of runner
for three
and
in
10 to 12 days. French
beans reach
germinate
years,
16 weeks
beans
afterwards.
maturity 14 weeks after sowing, and runner
trendies
Market
Culture
manured
and
well
Sow
kidney
the
in
beans
previous autumn.
April
"
deeply dug
or
ploughed
Position, sheltered
fields.
in. deep and
6 in. apart iu rows
Sin. deep, 6 in. apart, in rows
5 ft. apart if to be staked.
tity
Quan-
May, 2
in May,
beans
2i ft. asunder; runner
if to be grown
dwarf;
3} ft. asunder
of seed to sow
;
an
acre
Kidney beans, 1 peck ; runner
beans, 3
bushels at 3ift.,2 bushels at 5 ft. Manures
yard
(per acre): 30 tons of farm; or
ploughed in in autumn
superphosphate applied
manure
5 cwt.
autumn,
for
weeks
four
soda
bushels
of
after
sowing
seeds.
basic
10 cwt.
in March,
and
Average
slag applied in
1 cwt.
nitrate
returns
per acre, "Z0 to
5d. to 6d.
oaracella
.(SnailFlower), lilac,summer,
pickingper bushel,
SPECIES
STOVE
India.
HARDY
8
white
SPECIES
to
and
P.
P.
ft., Mexico,
lilac, summer,
12
climbing perennial,
multiflorua
(Scarlet Eunner
Bean), scarlet and white, summer,
perennial;
vulgaris (Kidney, French, and Haricot
Bean),
2 to 3 ft., S. America, annual.
Pheasant's-eye
Pheasant'S-eye
(Adonis autumnalis).
Pheasant's-eye
Pink
"
Narcissus
See Adonis.
(Narcissuspocticus)."See
cissus.
Nar-
Dianthus.
Pheasant's-taii
Grass
(Apera arundinacea).
"
See
Apera.
See Polypodium.
Pheg^opteris."
Phiiadeiphus
(Syringa; Mock-orange).
Ord.
Saxifragacese.
First introduced
Hardy deciduous
flowering shrubs.
1596.
CULTURE
; Soil, ordinary good.
Position, sunny
borders
courts.
foreor
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
Prune
immediately after
flowering,
thinning out shoots that have bloomed only. Apply soap suds or liquid
"
manure
POT
mould,
greenhouse,
afterwards
Water
Dec.
to
May,
or
warm
greenhouse,
iu sunny
Dec.
to
.ipril;
leafcold
outdoors
ENCYCLOVMBIA
OABBENINO.
OF
close
in
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
P. coronarius
:
(Mock Orange), wMte, June, 10 ft., S.
its varieties, foliis aureis
and
Europe;
(golden-leavecl),argeuteo-variegatis(silver3 ft.,
leaved), flore pleno (double), and nanus
(dwarf); microphyllus, white, eummer,
Colorado
grandiflorus, white, June, 6 ft., XT. States ; gordoniaous, white, June,
;
10 ft., N.W.
America;
Lemoinei, white, June, 3 ft., hybrid.
Philesia,.
"
shrubs.
First
CtlLTXJEE:
Ord.
Liliacese.
introduced
1853.
Half-hardy
floweringr
evergreen
"
silver
coarse
sand.
greenhouse; against
walls or in sheltered
Pot
of
S.W.
nooks
outdoors,
England or Ireland.
Feb.
or
to
March
to
Water
Oct.,
moderately
plant,
freely,
April.
afterwards.
to Oct.
Syringe foliage daily in greenhouse, March
Prune
weak
after
stimulants
a
week.
once
directly
blooming.
Apply
under
bellto
inserted
in
Sept. Propagate by cuttings
May
sandy peat
in
in
in
suckers
summer
glass
greenhouse
spring.
;
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
PhEllyrea.
in
P.
(Jasmine Box;
shrubs.
evergreen
pots, in cold
or
1597.
Flowering
"
cool
or
Privet).
"
ornamental
ft., Taldivia.
Oleaceae.
Hardy
Ord.
foliage.
duced
intro-
First
green.
CULTURE
borders ; sheltered
N. England.
corners
Plant, Sept. to April. Prune
straggly shoots
only in April. Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots inserted in sandy
soil in cold frame
in Sept.; grafting on common
privet in March.
P. augustifolia, white, May,
8 to 10 ft., Mediterranean
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
-leaved ; decora, white. May,
8 to 10
Region; angustifolia rosmarinifolia, rosemary
20 ft., Mediterranean
ft., Lazistan; latifolia, white, May,
Region; latifolia ilioileaved
f olia, holly-leaved; latifolia
rotundifolia, round
white. May, 10 to
; media,
15 ft., Mediterranean
Region; media
buxifolia, box-leaved; media
oleasfolia,oliveleaved.
Philodendron.
climbing plants.
egg,
or
Ord.
Stove
Aroideae.
First
introduced
foliage.
"
Oru.
1759.
arrow-shaped,oblong; green.
:
Compost, equal parts peat, leaf-mould,
CULTUEE
Pot
sand.
tall
in
ones
Water
SPECIES
creamy
plant,
beds
freely all
Sept. 65"
of stems
or
to
inserted
the
in
light
Brazil
with
Position,
shoots
trained
dwarf
up
loam,
kinds
walls
or
or
heart,
Leaves,
"
silver
in
pots;
pillars
to
Syringe daily. Temp., March
to 65"Propagate by cuttings
55"
March
soil in
P.
verrucosum
April.
round.
year
Sept.to
CULTIVATED:
white,
to
borders,
or
75";
Jan.
dwarf
evergreen
"
323
BNGYCLOPMDIA
SPECIES:
SHEUBBY
OF
(Jerusalem
frutioosa
P.
GARDENING.
Sage), yellow, June,
to
ft.,
Europe.
S.
and
Polemoniaceae.
Hardy " half-hardy annual
tion
cultivaPhloxes
for garden
1725.
First introduced
perennial herbs.
Tall,
or
divided into four classes, viz., Alpines,Early-flowering
are
and Annual.
Late-flowering (tall),
SPECIES
OF
taining
ALPINE
: Soil, deep, rich
sandy loam, conCULTURE
Phlox.
little leaf-mould
borders,
to, sunny
Lift "
March.
POT
Ord.
"
divide
only
or
half
"
air
OF
Compost,
part sand.
Pot,
two
March.
moderately, Oct.
Water
greenhouse.
CULTURE
or
as
or
on,
edgings
peat. Position, masses
to May.
Plant, March
ledges of rockeries.
too large for the positionthey occupy;
grown
ALPINES
OP
Admit
times.
on
when
CULTURE
part leaf-mould,
frame
or
to
April; freelyother
freely always.
AND
EARLY
LATE-FLOWERING
light soils not
KINDS:
Sbil,
suitable.
Position,
or
Nov.,
Feb.,
POT
CULTURE
rotten
or
cow
Compost,
"
manure,
one
two
cold frame
in winter.
Pot,
greenhouse in summer;
March.
Water, freely,April to Oct., very little afterwards.
Apply
stimulants
once
a week.
May to Sept.
ANNUAL
SPECIES
seeds 1-16 in. deep in Ught
CULTURE
OF
: Sow
soil in box, pan, or pot, in temp. 55" to 65", March.
lings
Transplant seedoff " plant out2 in. apart in boxes
doors.
or
pots, gradually harden
Gin. apart, in rich soil, in sunny
position,in June.
Nip off
Water
point of main shoot after planting to induce bushy growth.
Mulch
with manure
cocoanut-fibre
refuse.
or
freely in dry weather.
CULTURE
POT
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part decayed manure
Plant
four seedlings in 5-in. pot in April.
" little sand.
leaf-mould
or
outside
on
or
Keep in temp. 55" until June, then place in cold frame
Water
window
sill.
when
Sin. high. Nip
freely. Apply stimulants
No
when
3 in. high.
off points of shoots
repottingrequired. Propagate
1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in
early" late kinds by seeds sown
temp.
base
in
autumn
or
plants inserted
of old
SPECIES:
P. amoena,
Jan., 6 in., N. America;
rose,
diyarioata, blue.
its yarieties
alba
ft., N. America, and
(white), canadensis
(blue); ovata,
1 ft.. May, N. America;
prooumbona, lilao-blue,June, 6 in.,hybrid; rept"ns,
rose,
3
in., N. America;
purple. May,
Stellaria, white, Jnn", 6 in., Illinois;
rosy
eabulata
(Moss Pink), purple or white. May, 6 in., U. States.
Frondosa
(pink),
Nelsonii
of the la\t species
varieties
(rosy pink) are
(white), and setaoea
PERENNIAL
TALL
SPECIES:
P. glaberrima, red, July, 1 to 2 ftf,
N. America;
and its -variety suflrutioosa, rose, spring, 1 to 2 ft., U. States, parent of the earlyALPINE
May,
maoulata
(Wild Sweet
William),purple, July, fragrant, 2 ft.,
of late flowering phloxes;
of the parents
paniculata, purple and
fragrant, 3 to 4 ft., TJ. States, another
of late-flowering
parent
flowering phloxes;
N.
America,
one
white, August,
phloxes,
"
324
ENCYCLOPEDIA
WFEOIES
CULTIVATED:
P.
to 20 ft., California;
serralata
also the genus
See
Ei-iobotrya.
Ph
ry
iu m
foliage.
Orn.
CULTURE
GARDMNING.
OF
arbutifolia
Ord. Scitaminaceae.
First introduced
1807.
Stove
"
Compost,
two
parts
" herbaceous
Leaves,
or
green
perennials.
variegated.
fibrous
sand.
Position, well-drained
Water
to Sept.; moderately,
March.
or
abundantly, March
to
S'ept.to Deo. ; keep nearly dry afterwards.
Syringe daily, March
stimulants
Sept. Apply weak
Temp.,
occasionallyduring summer.
Feb. to Oc\., 65" to 75"; Oct. to Feb., 55" to 65"
Eepot annually.
Propagate by division of rhizomes in Feb. or March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P. cipitatum,
leaves
1 to 2 ft.,India;
Grifathii,
green,
one
part
Pot,
Feb.
leaves
green,
ft., Malacca.
See
Phygelius
also
the
genua
Maranta.
herbaceous
"
CULTURE
border at
March
or
fronds placed around
base of stem.
Lift, divide, " replantevery three
1-16 in. deep in shallow
Propagate by seeds sown
years.
pans
boxes filled with lightrich soil " placed in a temp, of 55" to 65", Feb.
four
March,
or
or
or
ripened shoots
frame
in July
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Phyllanthus.
First
introduced
P.
Ord
"
Euphorbiaceas.
Leaves, oval
1699.
or
foliaged plants.
oblong, small, variegatedwith
Stove
orn.
purple,white, yellow.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts sandy loam " fibry peat, one part
equal proportions"of charcoal, dried cow
powdered brick,
manure,
" coarse
silver sand.
Po.sition,well-drained
pots in shady part of
stove.
Water
Pot, Feb. or March.
moderately, Oct. to March,
freely afterwards.
Syringe morning " evening, April to
Sept.
Prune
into shape, Jan.
55" to 65"; March
to
Temp., Sept. to March
Sept. 63" to 75". Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots, 2 to Sin.
long, inserted singly in small pots of sandy soil under propagator or
bell-glassin temp. 75", spring or summer.
SPECIES
P.
CULTIVATED:
leaves
atropurpureus,
purplish, Commoro
Isles,
glaucescens, leaves pinnate and
(Syn. Reidia
glances; pulcher
green
cens), leaves green, Malaya, 3 to 4 ft. Last-named
a
pretty table plant.
Ord.
Cactaceae.
Phyllocactus.
Greenhouse
fleshy-stemmed
plants with no leaves. First introduced 1710.
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts light fibrous loam, one
part of
equal proportions of dried cow dung, leaf-mould, brick rubble, " silver
sand.
Position, well-drained
pots close to glass in warm
greenhouse
to
ft.
"
sunny
July
to
for a short
time
after
removal
to open
air.
Temp., Oct. to April,
50" to 55"; April to Oct. 60" to 75".
1-16 in.
Propagate by seeds sown
in
soil
in
shallow
box
or
light
in
63"
deep
placed
pan
to 75" in
temp.
by cuttings of stems dried in the suu
for a day or two, then
spring;
326
ENCYCLOPMDIA
inserted
on
sunny
SPECIES
placed
singly in
shelf
OABDFNINO.
OF
2-in.
in
CULTIVATED:
P.
AcltCTmanui.
crimson,
summer,
3 to
ft., Mexico;
ang-ulig-er,
crenatus, white, fragrant,
yellow, fragrant, autumn, 1 to 2 ft., Mexico;
Hookeri, white,
Honduras;
summer,
grandis, white, fragrant, 2 to 3 ft.,Honduras;
6 to 8 ft.,
2 to 3 ft., Brazil ; latifrona, creamy
white, summer,
fragrant, summer,
Mexico
Also numerous
and
1 to 2 ft., Mexico.
white, summer,
; phyllanthioides, rose
hybrids and seedlings.
Phyllostachys
Half-hardy
(Whangee Cane)." Ord. GramineEe.
cence
Nat.
China, Japan. Ht. 4 to 12 ft. Infloresorn.-foliagedgrasses.
borne
in
panicles;
Foliage,
summer.
narrow,
lance-shaped,
Habit
of growth, graceful.
green.
CULTURE
: Soil, rich
Position, moist sheltered
deep sandy loam.
with
borders
of England " Ireland
Protect
S. " W.
in winter
only.
thick covering of dry fern
fronds
litter in autumn.
Plant, April
or
or
or
May.
April.
Propagate by division of plants in March
CULTIVATED
P.
SPECIES
aurea
(Syn. Bamtusa
:
aurea), leaves
yellow and
and
fastuoaa
Castillonis
white;
(Syn. Bambusa
Castillonis),leaves
green;
green
marliacea
(Syn. Bambusa
marliaoea), leaves
(Syn. Bambusa
fastuosa), leaves green;
mitis
mitis), leaves green;
nigra (Syn. Bambusa
nigra),
(Syn. Bambusa
green;
leaves
viridi-glaucescensj,leaves green.
viridi-glauccscens (Syn. Bambusa
green;
See Xanthosoma.
Phyllotaenium.
"
See Polypodium.
Phymatodes.
PhysaliS
Cherry;
(Ground or Winter
Cape Gooseberry).
Gooseberry; Peruvian
"
"
"
OP
in
an
HARDY
border.
Plant,
March
Eed
Winter
Cherry; Cape
house
GreenSolauaceae.
Ord.
fresh
or
April.
Gather
SPECIES
leaf-mould
Lift, divide,
bearing
stems
Soil, two
fruits
replant
"
in
Sept.,
parts loam,
one
little sand.
Position,
singly in 5 or 6-in. pots, with shoots trained to sticks " placed close
to front of sunny
greenhouse, or planted in small beds, " shoots trained
Water
Pot
back
wall.
or
plant Feb. or March.
freely,April to
up
weak
twice
stimulants,
once
or
Sept.; moderately afterwards.
Apply
pagate
Profruit when
a
week. May to Sept. Gather
ripe " fully coloured.
in April;
in sunny
hardy species by seeds sown
spot outdoors
or
by seeds
April. Greenhouse
by division of roots in March
species
1-16 in. deep in shallow
sown
pots or pans of light soil " placed in
cuttings inserted singly m pots of
temp. 65" to 75", Feb. or March;
light sandy soil placed in propagator or under bell-glassin temp. 65"
to April.
to 75", Jan.
SPECIES
P. Alkekengi
HAllDT
Winter
or
:
(Bladder Herb
Cherry), white, summer,
fruit
fruit red, 18 in.,
scarlet, 1 ft., Europe; Franchettii, white, summer,
part well-decayed
or
manure
"
Japan.
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
purplish, 3 ft.,Tropics;
violet).
P.
and
peruviana
its varieties
edulis
Physostegia
fruit
(fruit
337
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
-virglniana,purple
P.
INC.
GARDEN
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
or
flesli,June
Sept.,
to
1 to
ft.,
America,
N.
(Horned Eampion).
Phyteuma
Hardy
Campanulacese.
Ord.
"
perennial herbs.
mixed
Soil, deep rich loam
leaf-mould
Position,
or
peat.
CULTURE:
"
mortar
borders
sunny
species;
divide,
Feb.
March.
or
tall kinds.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
little old
weather.
boxes
in cold
orbiculare
P.
summer,
March
or
Top-dress dwarf
limestone
rockeries
freelyin dry
Water
in
sown
sunny
Plant,
"
mixture
for
with
old
dwarf
April. Lift,
specieswith
annually in
mortar
frame, Sept.
or
or
May;
seeds
Oct. ;
sion
divi-
Eampion),
(Horned
1
for
Propagate by
positions,April
summer,
grit "
to
Phytolacca,
Plant; Pigeon-berry).
(Virginian Poke; Eed-ink
perennials. First introduced
Phytolaccaceas. Hardy herbaceous
Ord.
1768.
"
succeeded
Leaves,
by deep purple berries in autumn.
dark
broad, ovate,
green, changing to rich purple in autumn.
CULTURE
: Soil, good
or
ordinary. Position, sunny
shady borders
in woodlands, banks, or ferneries.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April.
in spring or
Jin. deep in sandy soil outdoors
Propagate by seed sown
Flowers
division
autumn;
of
plants in Oct.
CULTIVATED;
SPECIES
aoinoaa
P.
March.
or
(Indian Poke), white,
5 ft.,Hima^
summer,
5 ft., N. America.
(Virginian Poke), wMte,
summer,
Picea
Hardy
(Norway Spruce; Black
Spruce)." Ord. Coniferae.
trees.
tered.
Orn.
foliage. Leaves, needle-shaped,spirallyscatevergreen
thin-scaled.
grained,
Cones, erect, cylindrical,
Timber, white, soft, fine-
layas;
decaadra
for
sleepers, pit wood, headings for barrels, packing
Average price per cubic foot, 6d. to 9d. Trees matured
used
etc.
cases,
to
5s.
bed
sow
per
SJoz.
Average
1,000.
CULTIVATED:
P. ajanensis, 70 to 80 ft., Japan;
alba
(Syn. Amies
canadensis), 40 ft., N.E.
America;
alcookiana, 90 to 100 ft., Japan;
eicelsa
Columbia;
Engelmannii, 80 to 100 ft., British
way
(Syn. Abies
ezcelsa) NorSpruce Fir, 80 to 100 ft., N. Europe ; morinda
(Syn. Abies smlthiana),'
80 to
100 ft., Himalayas;
nigra (Black Spruce), 60 to 70 ft., N.E. America;
orientalis)
(Syn. Abies
orientalis), Caucasus;
(Syn. Abies
pungens
Menziesii). Blue
Snruoe
SPECIES
alba
and
70
80
to
"
ft., California.
Pickerel-weed
PICOtee
"
Piedmont
Piedmont
PieriS.
First
"
introduced
OUTDOOR
1736.
CULTURE
'
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Band.
Position,
OP
OAttT"MNtNG.
Plant,
sheltered
borderSj rockeries or bogs.
March.
Prune
Nov., or
straggling shoots only moderately
after
flowering. Water
freelyin dry positionsduring summer.
POT
CULT
QUE:
Soil, equal parts peat, leaf -mould, " fine silver
sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in cold greenhouse, Nov. to June;
in shady position outdoors, June
Water
to Nov.
Pot, Oct. or Nov.
moderately, Nov. to March, freelyafterwards.
Propagate by seeds
1-16 in. deep in sandy peat in cold frame, Nov.
sown
or
March;
ing
layershoots in Sept. ; division of plants,Oct. or Nov.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P. floribunda, white, spring, 4 to 6 ft.,Virginia; forand
China;
white, spring:,3 to 6 ft., Himalayas
japonica, white, spring,
moaa,
3 ft.,Japan ; japonica variegata, variegated.
The species above
mentioned
formerly
open
Sept. to
belonged to
the
Andromeda
genera
and
Zenobia.
Pig-eon-berry
decandra)." See Phytolacca.
(Phytolacca
Daffodil
Pigmy
(Narcissusminimus). See Narcissus.
Laburnum-tree
Pigmy
(CytisusArdoini)."See Cytisus.
Sun-flower
See Actinella.
Pigmy
(A";tinella
grandiflora)."
Water
Lily (Nymphsea pygmaea). See Nymphsea.
Pigmy
Pi lea
(Artilleryor Pistol Plant; Stingless Nettle). Ord. Tlrtiherbs.
1793.
Stove perennial
Orn. foliage. First introduced
caceae.
"
"
"
insignificant;
unexpanded buds burst
" dischargepollen. Leaves, minute.
Flowers,
moisture
CULTUEE
Position,
when
in contact
small
with
like.
Habit, graceful,fern-
of
stove.
"
silver
sand.
Pot, Feb.
to
afterwards.
Temp.,
55" to 65"; March
to Sept. 70" to 80".
Propagate
Sept. to March
surface
of light sandy soil,slightlycovered
with fine
on
by seeds sown
mould
" placed in temp. 65" to 75" in spring
; cuttings inserted
singly
in small well-drained
pots of sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75", Jan. to
May ; division of- plants, Feb. or March.
P. muscosa,
4 to 6 in., W.
Indies.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Pilumnna.^See
Tricophila.
April.
Water
freely,April
to
Sept.,moderately
(Rice-flower).Ord. Thymelacese.
Pimelea
Greenhouse
evergreen
1793.
three
CULTURE
: Compost,
partsfibrous peat, one part turfy loam,
half a part silver sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in light airy
Prune
close
moderately
immediately after flowering.
g^'eenhouse.
Firm
Pot
commences.
new
soon
as
growth
potting essential. Nip
of young
off points of shoots
plants occasionallyto induce
bushy
"
First
floweringshrubs.
introduced
Water
Grow
freely,April to Oct., moderately afterwards.
for
few
weeks
after
moist
a
then
in
a
potting,
atmosphere
gradually
ofi " place in an
harden
airy greenhouse.
.Temp., Sept. to March,
to Sept., 55" to 65".
40" to 50"; March
Propagate by seeds sown
in temp. 55" to 65",
1-16 in. deep in light sandy soil under
bell-glass
of
in.
2
shoots,
Feb. to May;
cuttings
long, inserted in compost
young
silver
under
two
in temp. 55"
of one
sand,
parts
bell-glass
part peat,
growth.
to
65", March
SPECIES
or
April.
P.
ferruginea (Syn. P. deoussata),
pink, June, 3 ft., Australia; spectabilie,white
CULTIVATED:
Australia;
rosea,
4 ft., Australia.
(Allspice;
Pimenta
Myrtaceae.
Stove
evergreen
Wild
Clove;
Compost,
two
Pimento
floweringtrees.
May, 2 ft.,
pink. May,
Bush).
"
First introduced
Ord.
1759.
Berries, aromatic.
rose,
and
one
part leaf-mould,"
BNOYOLOP^UIA
one
Position, well-drained
March.
Pot, Feb.
or
sand.
part
GAUmNttiil.
OP
pots
branches
with
beds
or
moderately, Oct. to
Prune
straggling
April, freely afterwards.
Syringe, April to Aug.
55" to 60";
shoots
moderately in March.
Temp., Sept. to March
March
serted
to Sept. 65" to 75".
Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots inin sandy soil under
bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75" in summer.
trained
wall.
to
Sl'KGIES
ft., W.
CULTIVATED:
Indies
P.
officinalis
Pimento
Bush
Pimpernel."
Pineing^a,.
acris
Water
Cluve), white
(Wild
(Allspice),white,
and
10
summer,
pink.
ft., W.
Pimento.
to
See
(Pimento ofiicinalis).
Anagallis.
Stove
Palmacete.
palms.
"
20
20
May,
Indies.
to
3(1
See
Ord.
Orn. foliage. Firit
introduced
18i8.
Leaves, feather-shaped,green.
CULTURE
:
Compost, one part loam, two parts peat, half a, part
silver sand.
Position, well-drained
Pot,
pots- in shady lofty stove.
Feb. or March.
wards.
afterWater
March
to
Oct.
copiously,
; moderately
to Sept.; once
Syringe twice daily, March
daily afterwards.
Place few crystalsof sulphate of iron oil surface
of soil occasionallyto
insure deep green
to Oct.. 75" to 85"; Oct. to
foliage. Temp. March
March
55" to 65".
seeds
sown
Propagate by
|in. deep singlyin 2-iu.
of
"
under
loam
pots
sandy
bell-glassin temp. 75" to 85" in
peat
"
spring.
8PE0IES
CULTIVATED:
P.
15
ooronata,
to
Pincushion-flower
Pine
Pine
Pine
"
CAnanas
Apple
"
"
"
Pine
"
danthera.
Pine
Stravwberry
Pine-tree."
See
Ping^uicula
Greenhouse
Pinus.
(Butter-wort; Bog
Violet).
"
Plants
Ord.
Lentibulariaceae.
tivorous
to the insec-
belonging
class.
CULTURE
OP
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
Compost, equal parts
crocks.
Position, well-drained
moss,
peat, sphagnum
shallow
under
inverted
of water
in
or
on
saucer
pots
pots
pans placed
in
shade.
or
March
Water
Pot,
bell-glass
or
hand-light
April.
fibrous
"
clean
Temp.
to
OP
55"
Oct.
SPECIES
gravel for P.
rough
vulgaris. Plant,
in
March
Mulch
summer.
March
:
Soil, rich
alpina; moist
to
April.
thick layer
or
with
air
Admit
tiltingbell-glassor
65=^;Oct.
HARDY
to
afterwards.
Water
of
45"
loam
peat
for
few
hand-light.
to
for
or
55".
P.
grandi-
peaty
loam
cocoanut-fibre
refiise in
seeds
surface
of shallow
on
sown
filled with
Propagate by
May.
pans
equal parts of sphagnum moss, peat, " sand, placed under
bell-glass"
kept moist in temp, of 55"^to 65", Feb., March, or April; division of
plants at potting or planting time.
GIIEENHOUSK
HARDY
8P15CIES
SPECIES:
grandifloi-a,blue
yiolot. summer,
Pink
and
\
to
'
330
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
GABBENING.
OF
Pinus
(Fir; Deal; Tine Tree)." O'rd. Couiferae.
Hardy orn.leaved
trees.
and
free
Leaves,
Habit,
pieturesque.
Evergreen.
and
needle-like, two to five iu a wliorl.
erect.
Cones, conical
"
Soil and
position, P. austriaca, laricio, montana,
austriaca
suitable
for seaside
gardens " ordinary soil : P.
CULTURE
Pinaster
good town
tree; P. austriaca, cembra, excelsa, Laricio, Pinaster,
strobiis," sylvestrissuitable for chalky soils; P. austriaca, Kalepensis,
laricio. Pinaster, pumilo, " sylvestrisadapted for gravelly or sandy
soils; others in good ordinary soil; P. austriaca
good shelter tree.
a
P.
Plant,
Sept. to
grown
For
Nov.
in the
shelter
cubic
ft. per
ton, 74.
6d.
to
:
Two-year old, 3s.
Average price
; three-year old, 48.
5s. ; four-year-old,8s. to 10s. per
1,000. Timber,
close-grained and
in young
state
for props,
matured
resinous, used
staves, etc. ; when
in
for deal
Nov.
Number
of seeds per
flooring, etc. Seeds
ripe
pound, 70,000. One pound of seed will yield 8,000 plants.
Weight
cubic
per
Number
ft., 301b.
of
of trees
COLTIVATED:
SPECIES
cembra
P.
(Lace
bungeana
Bark
Pine),
70
ft., N.
China:
fornia;
Europe; Coulteri, 60 to 70 ft,, Cali(Stone Pine), 100 to 150 ft., Central
excelsa
(Bhotan Pine), 100 to 150 ft., Himalayas;
halepensis (Jerusalem
Pine), 50 ft., Mediterranean
insignis (Monterey Pine), 80 to 100 ft.,
Region;
Laricio
Laricio
California;
(Corsican Pine), 100 to 150 ft., S. Europe;
nigricans
(Syn. P. austriaca), i31ack Pine, 70 to 100 ft., N. Europe; pinaster (Cluster Pine),
60 to 80 ft., Mediterranean
terranean
Region ; pinea (The Umbrella
Pine), 40 to 60 ft., Medistrobus
Columbia;
Region; ponderosa, 100 to 150 ft., British
(Weymouth
sylyestris (Scots Pine), 50 to 100 ft., N. Europe
Pine), 100 to 150 ft., N. America;
(Britain).
Pinxter-flower
(Rhododendron nudiflora).See Rhododendron.
"
Plant). Piperaceae.
"
Stove
green
greenhouse evershrubs.
Orn. foliage. First introduced
1748.
Leaves, large,
blotched
with white or bronze.
or
purple, marbled
"green, or
SPECIES
OF
STOVE
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts loam, one
Position, well-drained
part leaf-mould, half a part sand.
pots in
shade.
Pot, Feb. to April. Prune
slightlyinto shape,l''eb. Water
Syringe twice daily,
freely, April to Oct., moderately afterwards.
afterwards.
March
75" to
to Oct.
once
to
daily
;
Temp.,
Sept.
April
55" to 65".
85"; Oct. to March
Piper
(Pepper
GREENHOUSE
OF
CULTURE
"
SPECIES:
Temp.
moderately, Oct.
Water
April.
March
STOVE
Pepper),
to
in
Compost
partial shade.
to
65";
Oct.
April; freely
to
March
inserted
as
for
stove
Pot, March
afterwards.
50'^to
55".
pagate
Proin
small
by cuttings
pots of
65"
of
in
to
March
75",
to
soil under
temp,
bell-glass
July.
P. Betle
(Betle Pepper), green,
climber, India; nigrum (Black
SPECIES:
green,
GREENHOUSE
white, 4
55"
Oct.
to
of
sandy
pots
to
4 to
ft., India.
SPECIES
6 It., Australia.
Pipe-tree
Vine
Pipe
half-ripenedshoots
P.
excelsum
aureo-piotum, leaves
"
331
green
and
creamy
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
Ord.
Leguminosae. Hardy
Pjptanthus
(Nepaul Laburnum).
First
1821.
introduced
flowering shrub.
beries,
sheltered shrubCULTUEE
Position, warm
: Soil, rich sandy loam.
London.
6f England; against S. walls, N. of
Plant,
S. " S.W.
Prune
straggling shoots moderately after
Sept., Oct., April, or May.
in sandy soil in cool greenhouse
flowering. Propagate by seeds sown
in small
cold frame
in spring; cuttings of ripened shoots inserted
or
pots of sandy soil under
bell-glassor hand-light outdoors, Aug. or
Sept. ; layering shoots, Sept. or Oct.
"
evergreen
SPECIES
5 to 10 ft.,HimalayaB.
nepalensis, yellow. Bummer,
Pistacia.
See
(Pistaciavera)."
Tree).^ Ord. Anacar(Pistachio-nutTree; Mastich
"
deciduous
trees.
Flowering " orn.
evergreen
introduced
1656.
Leaves, unequally feather-shaped,
OTJLTITATED
Pi^ta.ChiO-nut
Pistacia
P.
"
diacese.
Hardy
foliage.
First
in young
state.
green ; reddish
beries
CULTURE
Position, sheltered shrub: Soil, deep rich sandy loam.
S. " S.W.
Plant
England; against S. walls, N. of London.
Nov.
species,Sept., Oct., April, or May; deciduous
evergreen
species,
to Feb.
Prune
species,April; deciduous
species, Nov. to
evergreen
Feb.
or
Propagate by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in cold frame
under
hand-light, Sept. or Oct. ; layering in Sept.
SPECIES
40 ft.,Canary
CULTIVATED
P. atlantioa, leaves
pinnate, evergreen,
:
Isles; Lentiscus
(Masticli Tree), leaves
pinnate, 20 ft., S. Europe; Terebinthns
vera
(Turpentine
Tree), yellow, June, 30 ft., S. Europe;
(Pistachio Kut
Tree),
brown, April, 20 ft., Syria.
Water
Pistia
Weed;
(Tropical Duck
Lettuce).-^Ord. Aroidese.
Stove
1843.
Flowers, green,
aquatic perennial. First introduced
borne
on
Leaves, wedge-shaped, notched,
spadix at base of leaves.
pale
hairy.
green,
CULTURE:
Soil,
stove.
Place
surface
of
2-in.
water.
tub
tank
in
or
Position, shallow
of tub or
soil on
bottom
tank " plant on
occasionally. Add
Replenish with tepid water
to Oct. 70" to 85"; Oct. to March
Temp., March
rich
P.
(Garden Pea;
Leguminosae.
CULTURE
trenched
three
first
between
manure
offsets.
stratiotes, 1 to
Sugar Pea;
annuals.
GARDEN
PEAS
Hardy
OF
previously
of
by
CULTIVATED:
Pisum
loam.
layer
and
Edible
:
3 in., Jamaica.
Crown
seeded
or
Pea). Ord.
Mummy
" podded vegetables.
"
calcareous
loam,
N.E.
Solid^Horse
" E. winds.
Suitable
Manures:
litter for heavy soils; cow
or
pig dung for light or
Chemical
soils.
(1) Kainit 21b., nitrate of soda 51b., superphosphate
of lime 91b., half of each to a square
rod before
sowing,
remainder
when
plants are 6 in. high; (2)nitrate of soda IJlb., kainit
No.
1;
as
l^lb., superphosphate l^lb., salt 31b., appliedsame
61b. to a square
rod
(3) native guano
applied before sowing, " 61b.
3 in. high; (4) Peruvian
when
rod
lib. for square
plants are
guano
before
Horse
sowing, also 1 lb. when
plants are 3 in. high.
Liquid
urine diluted
with
two-thirds
" cow
nitrate of soda Joz. to
water;
gallon, all to be appliedwhen
ground is moist only " when pods have
of
formed.
Direction
E. to W.
:
rows
S.E. to N.W.
or
for early
just
of
sorts; N. to S. for main
drills,
to
3
Depth
in.; width,
crops.
2}
Distance
6 to 9 in.
apart for sowing the seeds: lin. each way for
dwarf
kinds; 3 in. for tall vars., arranged in
sorts; 2 in. for medium
from
dung
sandy
or
N.
"
peat-moss
"
"
332
Colombia;
aphelandrrfora,
ft., Guadeloupe;
musco.sa,
40 or
There
1 ft., Brazil.
are
and
zuola
to
May,
summer,
or
Prune
Water
species
little
of
merit.
see.
(Sarraceniasand Nepenthes),
house
(Parchment-bark). Ord Pittosporiaceae.Green"
"
evergreen
introduced
First
1783.
two
Compost,
parts
Position,
part silver sand.
or
in light airy sunny
tubs
greenhouse. Pot, March
April.
after
shoots
flowering.
straggling
moderately immediately
sionally,
Syringe occamoderately, Sept. to April,freely afterwards.
Oct.
to
in
when
flower,
summer.
Temp.,
April,
during
except
GULTUEE
pots
other
more
red, summer,
red, winter,
whicli
Pitcher-plants
Pittosporuin
fibrous
oAiumNiNO.
oP
nnuYoioPMDtA
OP
loam,
one
GEEENHOTJSE
part fibrous
SPECIES:
peat,
half
Oct.
60" to 70".
HALF-HARDY
SPECIES:
OP
Soil, deep sandy loam.
walls
well-drained
border
S.
S. " S.W.
Position,
against
England;
in
cold
border
to
outdoors. May to
greenhouse, Oct.
pots
May; sunny
Plant, March
Oct., N. of London.
or
April. Propagate by cuttings
firm
of moderately
shoots, 2 to 3 iu. long, inserted singly in small pots
in shade
in temp. 55" to 65" in summer.
of sandy soil under
bell-glass
SPECIES
P. eriooarpam, yellow, fragrant, summer,
6 to 10 ft. ;
GBEBNHOUSB
:
Tiridiflorum, greenish yellow, June, 6 ft.
HALP-HARDY
SPECIES:
V. crassifolium
iParohmont-bark), purple, spring, 10 ft..
New
10 to 12 ft., Japan
and
China.
Zealand;
tobira, white, fragrant, summer,
Deciduous.
Ord. Amaryllidaceae.
Placea..
Greenhouse
bulbs.
1840.
First introduced
two
CULTURE
: Compost,
parts sandy loam, one part well-decayed
4-0" to
50"
April to
CULTURE
"
leaf-mould,
" one
sand.
Pot, Aug. or
part coarse
below
surface
of soil in a 4^in. pot
bulb
Sept., placing point
just
three in a 6-in. pot.
Good
or
drainage essential.
Plunge pots to rim
refuse
in
cold
in coal ashes
cocoanut-fibre
or
frame, " protect from
frost until Dec, then remove
Water
to greenhouse.
moderately from
time growth begins until leaves
decay, then keep quite dry. Repot
of rest, Aug.
annually in Aug. Season of growth, Jan. to Aug. ; season
to Jan.
Temp., Dec. to April 50" to 55"; Ap. to Aug. 60" to 70";
35" to 40".
Propagate by offsets in Aug.
Aug. to Dec.
CULTIVATED:
P.
1 ft.; grandiSPECIES
Arza;, yellow and
purple, summer,
1 ft.; ornata, white
and
and
crimson, summer,
flora, white
red, 1 ft. All natfres
cow
manure
or
of
of
Chili.
Plane-tree.
Plantain
Plantain
Lily.
Plantain-tree
Platanus
trees.
Orn.
"
See
Platanus.
"
"
See
Musa.
Funkia.
"
foliage.
First
iutroduced
1.548.
or
Leaves
more
or
less
variegated.
Position, parks, avenues,
in towns, or in open
Plane; streets, squares
etc., for Oriental
gardeus
in country for London
shrubberies
Plaue.
or
Plant, Oct. to March.
into shape when
Prune
desirable, Oct. to Feb.
Plenty of moisture at
roots
essential; dry soil not suitable.
Propagate by seeds simply
in autumn
pressed into surface of soil in moist position outdoors
;
cuttings of shoots G to Bin. long inserted in moist soil in sheltered
or
positionin Nov. ; layering shoots in autumn
spring.
CULTIVATRn:
SPECIES
occidentalis
(Western
to 70 ft.,Orient.
P.
Plane),
70
acorifolia
ft., N.
(London
America;
Piano), SO"
orientalis
to 70 ft., Oricnl;
c!l
(Oriental
Plane)
'
334
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Ord.
(Elk's-hornFern; Stag's-horn Fern).
1808.
ferns.
First introduced
greenhouse evergreen
Fronds
less broad, divided; resembles
more
or
stag's horn.
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts fibrous peat " sphagnum moss.
Position, blocks of wood
suspended from roof or sides of greenhouse or
stove.
Place
with layer of moss
roots
plant on block of wood, cover
" peat, " secure
in position by means
wire.
of copper
Top-dress
in Feb. or March.
Water
copiously,
annually with fresh peat " moss
Shade
from
sun.
Temp,
April to Sept.; moderatelySept. to March.
70" to 80", March
for stove species,55" to GS'^,
to Oct. ;
Oct. to March;
to
60" to 70", March
greenhouse species,45" to 55", Oct. to March;
in
also by spores sown
Oct.
Propagate by oifsets in Feb. or March;
iu
75"
85".
to
sandy peat
temp.
Platycerium
Pilices.
"
Stove
"
STOVE
SPECIES:
P.
Java.
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
alicorne
Hillii, fronds
much
graudc,
aloicorne
P.
Walliohii, Malaya;
Tropical Asia;
(Common
Elk's-Iiorn
WilUnoltii,
Fern), Australia;
forked.
Orchidacese.
Ord.
Stove
PlatycliniS.
epiphytal orchids.
First introduced
1836.
tion,
PosiCULTURE
: Compost, equal parts fibrous
peat " sphagnum.
well-drained
Water
pots in plant stove.
moderately Sept. to
60" to 65"; March
to
April, freelyafterwards.
Temp., Oct. to March
Flowers
in centre
of new
Oct. 70" to 85".
growth.
Resting
appear
Propagate by dividingpseudo-bulbs " plants when
period,winter.
"
beginning
to
grow.
P.
flliformis (Syn. Dendrochilum
flliformis),yeilow,
(Syn. Dendrochilum
glumaceum),
Philippines ; glumacea
fragrant,
greenish white, fragrant, spring, Philippines.
Platycodon
(ChineseBell-flower).Ord. Campanulaceee. Hardy
1782.
First introduced
herbaceous
perennial.
ders
borwell-drained
rich.
CULTURE
Position,
: Soil, ordinary
sunny
seeds
to
rockeries.
Oct.
sown
April.
Plant,
or
Propagate by
1-16 in. deep in sandy soil in temp. 55 , March
or
Aug. ; cuttings, 3 in.
inserted
in
small
of
shoots,
singly
pots of light sandy soil
long,
young
division
of
in temp. 55" in March
or
plants in April.
April;
P. grandiflorum, blue, July, 1 ft., China
and
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Japan;
Mariesii
(white and dwarf).
and its varieties alba (white), and
Ord.
Greenhouse
Leguminosae.
Platylobium
(Flat Pea).
Nat.
First
Australia.
introduced
Evergreen.
flowering shrubs.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
to Aug.,
June
"
""
1790.
" little silver
C ULTURE
: Compost, three
parts peat,one part loam
sand.
Position, well-drained
Pot,
pots m light airy greenhouse.
shoots
in spring to induce
March.
Feb.
or
Nip off points of young
Water
freely, April to Sept. ; moderately, Sept. to
growth.
45" to 50".
to
March
Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
Temp.,
April.
from
to
to
mature
outdoors
shoots
Stand
July
Sept.
flowering
plants
1-16 in. deep in wellfor following year.
Propagate by seeds sown
drained
or
April;
pots of sandy peat in temp, of 55" to 65" in March
soil
under
i
n
in
inserted
55",
bell-glass
temp.
sandy
April to
cuttings
bushy
July.
.'iPECIES
yellow, June,
Platyloma.
Platystemon
formosum,
yellow
Pelleea.
P.
CULTIVATED:
ft.; obtusangulum,
"
See
(CalifornianPoppy;
First
introduced
Hardy annu^.
C'XJT/TURp : Soil, good ordinary.
veracPEP.
yellow, summer,
red, May, 1
and
335
Cream
to
ft;
graoile,
Ord.
Papa-
ft.
Cups).
"
1833.
Position, sunny
be^s, boilers,or
gardening.
of
enoyclopjEdia
requiredto
in
refuse
cocoanut-fibre
"
(Asclepiastuberoaa).
Pleurisy-root
"
PleurothallUS.
Orchidaceac.
Ord.
"
March
Syringe
See Aaclepias.
Stove
epiphytal orchids.
1826
CULTUEE:
Compost, sphagnum
Place
of wood
suspended from roof.
of
then
another
of plant,
layer
moss,
abundantly,
ft., California.
Tibouchina.
See
introduced
Coelogyne.
See
"
P.
OULTIYATED:
PleJone.
Pleroma.
sun.
or
grow
Water
June.
SPECIES
First
iin. high.
Oct.,
to
blocks
or
moss
"
with
secure
moderately
daily in
times
copper
afterwards.
summer;
Water
wire.
from
Shade
once
daily in
to Nov.
March
45" to 55";
Feb.
March.
to
55" to 60".
Propagate by division,
P. barberiana,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
yellow, purple and white, spring, 4 to
white,
6
April, Trop. America;
yellow, purple and
omata,
ft., S. America;
Roezlii, blood purple,
spring, Colombia
brown,
;
punotulata, yellow, purple and
spring, Colombia.
See Prunus.
Plum.
Plumbago
(Leadwort; Cape Leadwort). Ord. PlumtaginaceaB.
First
introduced
" greenhouse evergreen
Stove
flowering shrubs.
winter
"
autumn.
Temp.,
Nov.
to
March
"
"
1596.
STOVE
SPECIES
OF
: Compost, equal parts fibrous peat
loam
each
" sand.
half
Position, pots, shoots
a
leaf-mould,
part
to
balloon
in
shoots trained
to stakes
trained
borders,
or
or
trellis,
rately
modeFeb.
Prune
shoots
to
wall in light part of stove.
Pot,
April.
in Jan.
Water
freely,April to Oct., moderately afterwards.
to Sept. Shade
to
from
sun.
Temp., March
Syringe daily, March
55"
65".
Oct.
75"
March
85"
to
to
to
Oct.
;
GEEENHOUSE
SPECIES:
OF
CULTTJRE
Compost, two parts
each
of
silver
sand.
fibrous
Position, pots, shoots
loam, half a part
borders
with
shoots
trained
trained
to stakes
trellis;
or
up rafters,
in
of
house.
Pot
or
plant, Feb. or March.
pillars,or walls
lightpart
of base
lin.
to within
shoots
Prune
immediately after flowering;
of
of
current
shoots
Water
flowers borne
on
year's growth.
points
to Sept.; moderately, Sept. to Nov.;
copiously, March
very little
lants
afterwards.
Syringe daily until floweringbegins. Apply weak stimuweek
Shade
twice
a
during flowering period.
only from very
55" to 65"; Oct. to March
to Oct.
40"
Temp., March
bright sun.
surface
of sandy peat " slightly
on
to 50".
Propagate by seeds sown
fine sandy soil in temp. 65" to 75" in Feb.
with
covered
or
March;
cuttings of side shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted singly in 2-in. pots of
sandy peat in temp. 60" to 70", Feb. to Aug.
P. rosea,
SPECIES:
STOVE
rose, winter, 2 ft., India.
SPECIES;
P. oapensis, blue, summer,
10 to 15 ft.. S. Africa;
GREENHOUSE
oapensis alba, white.
SPECIES
HARDY
Ceratostigma.
: See
Plume
Poppy
(Bocconiacordata). See Bocconia.
Fir
Plum
(Prumnopitys elegans)."-See Prumnopitys.
CTJLTTJEE
"
"
Plumlera
part
"
silver sand.
Position, well-draibed
336
pots
in
lightstove,
ENOYCLOPJUDIA
GATIDBNINQ.
OF
Pot, Feb.
to April.
Prune
straggling shoots moderately close imm"-diately after flowering. Water
to
freely, March
Oct., moderately
afterwards.
Syringe daily,March, " until flowers appear.
Temp,,
March
to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to March
(35" to 75".
Propagate by
cuttingsof ripeshoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in- small pots tilled with
sand
under
Plumy
Heart
See Dicentra.
Bleeding:
(Dicentrae-ximia
(Tariegated Meadow
Grass). Ord. GraminesB.
Hafdy perennial
flowering" orn.-foliagcd
grass.
CULTURE
beds ot
:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, edgings to sunny
borders, or in clumps in borders.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April.
POT
CULTTTRE
:
Compost, two parts good ordinary soil,one part
.-"
Poa
"
leaf-mould, half
cool
greenhouse
Position
jjart sand.
window.
Pot, March
a
or
Oct.
to March,
freelyafterwards.
gate by division of plants, March
SPECtES
CULTIVATED
Europe (Britain).
Pod
Fern
Podocarpus
hardy evergreen
CULTURE
drained.
or
P.
triyalis
Repot
or
in
or
"
pots in cold ct
moderately,
annually. Proprj
5-in.
April.
or
divide
Water
April.
albo-iittata,leave*
edged with
white, 6 in.,
(Ceratopteris
thalictroides).See Ceratopteris.
(Totara Pine)." Ord. Coniferaj.
Hardy "
trees.
1774.
Orn. foliage. First introduced
"
OF
HARDY
Position, sunny
SPECIES
sheltered
half-
lawns.
April.
HALF-HARDY
SPECIES
OF
: Compost, two
parts loam,
leaf-mould.
Position, pots or tubs in light airy greenhouse.
Pot or plant,March
or
freely.May to Sept.,moderately
April. Water
afterwards.
Temp., Sept. to April 45" to 55"; April to Sept. 55" to
65".
Propagate by cuttings of tirm young shoots inserted in small pots
under
of sandy loam
bell-glassin temp. 60" to 70", summer.
HARDT
SPECIES:
P. alpina, 10 it., Tasmania.
totara
HALF-HARDT
SPECIES:
P. peotinata, 12 ft.. New
Caledonia;
(Totara
Zealand.
Pine), New
Ord.
Podolepis.
CompositsB. Hardy annuals " half-hardy
First introduced
1803.
perennials. Nat. Australia.
OF
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
Soil, ordinary.
beds
borders
Sow
rockeries.
well-drained
seeds
or
or
Position, sunny
1-16 in. deep in well-drained
pots of light soil in temp, of 55" to 65" in
in flowering position,
end
of
March, transplantingseedlings outdoors
in sunny
outdoors
position end of April where required
May; or sow
CULTURE
one
part
"
to grow
"
flower, thinning
seedlingsto
3 in.
apart
when
^in. high.
ANNUAL
SPECIES:
OF
CULTURE
Compost, equal parts
sand.
5-in.
"
Fill
loaf
-mould,
pots to within J in. of rim
sandy loam,
"
seeds thinly in March,
with
above
firm
sow
moderately
compost;
Place
in
of
55"
till
of
fine
soil.
with
pots
temp,
sprinkling
cover
to cool greenthree or four leaves, when
remove
seedlings have formed
house
to
1
Thin
in.
modeframe.
cold
seedlings
apart. Water
or
then
in.
3
are
high,
freely.
ratelv until plants
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
HALF-HARDY
: Soil, sandy
OF
CULTURE
to
" repot in
Lift
borders.
or
May
Sept.
loam.
Position, sunny rockery
in
until
greenhouse
followingMay.
(Sfstore away
May be
POT
Sept..
.337
successfullytreated
by division
sjjecies
SPECIES
ANNUAL
pink,
as
plants
1 ft.
SPECIES
summer,
PERENNIAL
Propagate, half-hardyperennial
also.
spring.
in
acuminata,
P.
annual
an
of
GARDENING.
OTP
ENCYOLOPMDIA
yellow,
ft. ;
summer,
Aug., 3 ft
white, summer,
Berberidaceae.
Ord.
Apple).
gracilis,purple, lilac,and
P.
Podophyllum
1664.
herbaceous
Hardy
Leaves,
CULTURE
Soil,
moist
peat.
woods,
Position, partially-shadedborders,
or
Plant, March
April. Propagate
P. Emodi
:
(Himalajan May Apple), white, May,
peltatum (May Apple), white. May, 6 in., N. America.
Daffodil
(Narcissuspoeticus). See Narcissus.
Laurel
(Laurus nobilis)."See Laurus.
CULTIVATED
Himalayas
Poet's
Poet's
ft.,
"
Poet's
Narcissus
(Narcissus poeticus). See Narcissus.
ing
FlowerStove
Poinciana.
Ord. Leguminosse.
trees.
evergreen
" orn.
1691.
Leaves, fern-like, green,
foliage. First introduced
"
"
graceful.
CULTUEE
half
Compost,
part silver
two
parts peat
loam,
or
in
Position, pots
sand.
part leaf-mould,
one
lightpart
of stove
or
doors
out-
Water
Pot Feb. or March.
freely,March
70" to 85";
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
to Oct.
Temp., March
in light sandy
55
to 65".
Oct. to March
Propagate by seeds sown
soil in temp, of 75" to 85" in spring; cuttings of short
shoots
young
inserted
singly in small pots filled with pure sand under
bell-glassin
temp. 75" to 85" in summer.
CULTIVATED:
P. elata, yellow, summer,
10 to 15 ft., Trop. Africa;
SPECIES
20 to 30 ft., Madagascar.
regia, crimson, summer,
See Euphorbia.
Poinsettia.
Poison
Ash
(Chionanthus virgiuica).See Chionantlius.
Tree
Poison
Bay
(lUicium Floridanum). See Illicium.
See Aglaonema.
Poison-dart-,"
Poison
Oak
(Rhus toxicoudendron). See Rhus.
See Combretum.
Poivrea.
Poke
(Phytolacca decandra). See Phytolacca.
Polemonium
Greek
(Jacob's Ladder;
Valerian). Ord. Polemoniaceae.
Hardy herbaceous
perennials.
CULTUEE
loam.
:
Soil, good ordinary or
deep rich well-drained
during July
Aug.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Position,
drained
April.
Cut
off
in
annually
P.
open
cseruleum
division
sunny
for
borders
other
species.
flower
stems
immediately
rockeries
spring with
by
division
March
in
or
for
P.
cseruleum
"
Plant,
after
well-decayed manure
of plants in Oct.
sunny
March,
wellor
flowering. Top-dress
leaf-soil.
Propagate
or
or
vars.
Oct., Nov.,
Nov.
other
speciesby
April.
P.
CULTIVATED;
oajruleum
(.laeob's Ladder
Greek
or
Valerian^
ft., Europe
(Britain); ca-rulcum
album, white;
confertum,
blue,
16
in., N.W.
Mlnimer,
America;
fl.ivum, yellow, summer,
3 ft., Kow
Mexico;
bumile, blue, ,Tuly, 0 in., N. America;
reptans, blue, spring, 0 in
K
\mcrica
1 ft.
Kichardsoni,. blue, summer,
SPECIES
blue, June,
Polianthes
(TlieTuberose)." Ord. AmaryUid;icciT". Half-hardy
bulbous
plant. Flowers fragrant. First introduced 1629.
('ULTURE
two
: Conipo.st,
parts fibrous loam, one
of
part
of
African
American
leaf-mould, decayed
kinds
in Oct., Nov., "
or
Pearl
varieties
"
manure
noc,
in Jan.,
;j'i8
to
coarse
flower
IV^li.,Marcli
equal
portions
pro-
silver
sand
Pot
followinoautumni
to flowff
ApriT,
ENO'OLOf.khiA
OP
to
4 in.
bulbs
in
After
firmly.
Pot
until
their
two-tliirdM of
about
6-in. size.
rims in bottom
heat, 75"
growth begins,
85",
to
then
"
remove
to temp. 50" to
to 65", " remove
bed of coal ashes in cold frame,
with
(lAilPBNINrl
until
growth
moderately, "
transfer
forward
most
(c) Pot bulbs in
plants to the greenhouse.
above
rim
in
April, plunge pots just
a
spot in garden, keep
sunny
in
lift
"
moderately moist,
Sept. or Oct.,
place in greenhouse to
pots
Water
quently.
flower.
when
in
full
Syringe foliage frefreely
growth.
stimiilants
a
or
o
nce
Clay's fertiliser)
Apply
(|-oz.guano
week
when
further
After
bulbs
of
no
growing freely.
flowering,
cover
begins.
cocoanut-fibre
After
this,
give
refuse, "
the
remove
fibre
water
no
refuse, water
use.
OUTDOOR
border.
in
CULTUEE
bulbs
Plant
"
Aug.
Sept.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
Position,
sunny
warm
to April, to flower
3 in. deep " 6 in. apart, March
fresh bulbs
Plant
annually. Propagate by offsets.
:
P.
tuberosa
autumn
and
Double
Polyantha.
Polyanthus
Polyanthus
Polybotrya.
Polygala
"
(Narcissustazetta).
Narcissus
See Narcissus.
Acrostichium.
See
"
"
herbaceous
perennials,greenhouse
"
hardy
evergreen
First
flowering shrubs.
"
"cULTIIRE
sunny
OP
border
"cUlJrDRE
SPECIES
HARBY
or
rockery.
Plant,
tion,
Posiprun-
SPECIES;
GREENHOUSE
Position, well-drained
silver sand.
in
\Moa;
HARDY
spring.
."
4,+ to 6
ft.,
grandiflora purple, sprmj,
2 to 3 It., ,'^.Africa.
June,
and
yellow
purple
oppositifolia,
6 in., Alps.
yellow and purple, summer,
P. Ghamabuxus,
SPICUIES
:
baceous
Liliacese.
Ord.
Hardy herSea!)."
.
olia
(Solomon's
Polygonatum
perennials.
Soil ordinary lightmould.
CULTURE
"
beds,
woodlands.
borders,'
or
annually
with
decayed
Plant,
manure
Oct
March.
p. MULTIFLORUM:
^^p'oT^CULTURe'oF
lip-ht soil in 6
or
8-in.
pots
in
Nov.
until growth
in frame
or
outdoors
Water
flower.
to
cold greenhouse
March.
or
Nov.,
of roots in Oct.,
i-
"."
-"
Position, partially-shaded
Nov.
or
March.
Top-dress
stimulants
occa-
Apply
Pot
roots
in
ordinary
refuse
cocoanut-fibre
heatedor
to
begins, then remove
Propagate by division
freely.
Cover
339
with
OABDENtlfG:
OP
iiNCYOLOPMDIA
1 to 3 ft., K.
and
white, May,
CULTIVATED:
P.
SPECIES
biflorum, green
(Dayid's Harp),
multiflorum
America;
latifolium, white, July, 2 to 3 ft., Europe;
Solomon's
officinale
Seal), white, May, 1 It.,
(Common
white, June, 3 ft., Europe;
There
and
April, 3 ft., Himalayas.
Europe
(Britain); oppositifolium, white
green,
are
double-flowered
forma
of
P.
and
multiflorum
of"cinale.
"
P.
P.
baldschuanicum
in
for
vaccinifolium
for
advised
annuals,
or
by division
speciesby cuttings
temp.
65"
to
75"
in
SPECIES:
SPECIES
A".N'UAL
PEEENNIAL
in Oct.
of roots
inserted
in
or
March;
house
green-
in
bell-glass
spring.
orientale, rosy
P.
P.
Polypodium
Filices.
CULTUEE
Stove,
OF
afSne,
purple, Aug.,
4 to 8
ft.,Tropics.
rose,
5 to
autumn,
weather.
above.
POT
March.
evergreen
deciduous
shade
in
ordinary
Top-dress annually
CULTUEE
OF
HARDY
soil.
in
Plant,
April with
SPECIES
April. Water
specialsoils
the
Composts as
above.
Pot,
frame.
Water
moderately at other times;
after foliagedies
occasionally
:
freely in
summer,
freelywhilst growing;
340
in dry
described
or
MNOYOLOPMDIA
CULTURE
GAUDENING.
OF
fibrous
" half
" leaf-mould
loam
in
Position, well-drained
silver sand.
pots
Pot, Feb. or Marcli.
Prune
into shape immediately after
partially-shaded part of stove.
flowering. Water
copiously, April to Sept., moderately aftervrards.
to
afterwards.
to Oct., once
Temp., March
Syringe twice daily,March
60" to 70".
Propagate by cuttings of
Sept. 70" to S5" ; Sept. to March
in sand under
firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted
bell-glassin temp.
part
75"
to
85"
SPECIES
in
summer.
CULTIVATED:
fragrant,
P,
to
10
ft.,W.
Indies.
Portugral
Portug'ci.l
"
Laurei
"
POT
silver
3 in.
Plant
weather.
sand.
seedlings 1
Grow
in and
SPECIES
of
Stiw
CULTIVATED:
P.
thinly broadcast,
To
watered.
ensure
Gather
shoots
to Aug.
up
off close
seeds
well
keep
month
a,
borders.
them
long, cutting
flower.
PURSLANE
well-drained
at intervals
in
when
April,lightly rake
sow
way.
stimulants
weak
OF
CULTUEE
sunny
apart each
CULTUEE
grandiflora (Sun
various
colours;
grandiflora compacta,
Tropical llegions; Tlrellusonii, scarlet, June, 8
Ord.
Eubiaccie.
PosoC|Ueria.
to
Stove
"
Fir.st
introduced
2 to 3 in.
oleraoea
Brazil;
shrubs.
when
of
succession,
ground.
the
to
Position,
middle
evergreen
6
6
in.,
in.,
flowering
1815.
manure
Compost,
"
one
part loam,
charcoal.
one
well-drained
Position,
CULTIVATED;
P. formosa,
SPECIES
10 ft., Tenezuela;
white, fragrant, summer,
8 to
10
fragrantissima, white, fragrant,
ft., Brazil;
summer,
latifolia,white,
Oct., 6 ft., Trcp. America.
Potato
(Solanum tuberosum). See Solanum.
Potato
Onion
(Allium cepa aggregalum). See Allium.
Potato-tree
(Solanum crispum). See Solanum.
Vine
Potato
(ipomaea
pandurata). See Ipomasa.
"
"
"
"
Potentilla
(Cinquefoil).
"
Ord.
342
Eosaceae.
Hardy
herbaieous
MNtif'oLop^biA
oP
adiiDMMd.
Double
perennials.
P.
potentillas are
hybrids between
insignia "
P. argyrophylla
atrosanguinea.
CULTURE
;
Soil, ordinary deep
ricli sandy.
Position, sunny
rockeries for dwarf
species (P. alba, P. alpestris,P. ambigua, P. calabria, P. nitida, " P. pyreuaica); sunny
borders
for tall kinds
(P.
argyrophylla atrosanguinea " vars., P. fruticosa, etc.). Plant, Oct.,
Nov., March
or
tall kinds with decayed manure
April. Mulch
annually
in- March.
Water
copiously in dry weather.
sionally
occaApply stimulants
during floweringperiod. 'Lift,
divide, " replant border kinds
in fresh soil
1-16 in.
every three or four years.
Propagate by seeds sown
deep, in shallow pans or boxes of light sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65",
March,
transplantingseedlings outdoors in May or June; or similar
depth in partially-shaded border outdoors in April; division of roots,
Oct., Nov., March
or
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
wliite,
trade
see
summer,
lists.
Poterium
Leaves
used
(Burnet).
for
Ord.
"
Eosaceae.
Hardy
salads, " wines.
flavouringsoups,
perennial herb.
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary light. Position, sunny
dryish bed or
border.
Sin. asunder, Feb.
Plant, 6 in. apart in rows
Water
freely
in dry weather.
Remove
flower
stems
Roots
directlythey appear.
to be lifted " replanted annually.
Propagate by seeds sown
-^in. deep
in drills Sin.
apart, March, April,or Sept., thinning seedlingswhen
2 in. high, 6 in. apart.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P. officinalis (Syn. Sanguisorba
and
ofaoinale),green
2 ft., Europe
purple, summer,
(Britain).
Pothos.
Ord. Aroide^.
Stove evergreen
Orn.
climbing shrubs.
Pirst
introduced
1821.
Leaves, roundish
or
lance-shaped,
foliage.
yellow.
green, or variegated with creamy
"
CULTURE
"
stems,
coarse
trunks
copiously,March
ferns
or
walls.
Pot,
Peb.
or
to
March.
old
tree
Water
to
round.
year
Shade
80" to S5".
March.
-Feb.
or
the
tree
coal,
char-
moss,
leaves
P.
CULTIVATED:
argenteus,
silvery grey,
Borneo;
aureus,
yellow, Borneo
celatoeauljs, stems
variegated with
;
clinging, Borneo ;
scandens, steins climbing, India.
See Calendula.
Pot
IVIarigfold
(Calendula oflrcinalis).
Marjoram
Pot
(Origanum Onites). See Origanum.
Rose
Prairie
(Rosa setigera). See Rosa.
Sun-flbw*fer
Prairie
(Helianthusrigidus). See Helianthus.
Ord.
Pratia.
Campanulaceae.
Hardy herbaceous
perennial
introduced
1879.
First
trailing plants.
SPECIES
leaves
"
"
"
"
"
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
little sand.
POT
CULTURE
leaf-mould
Soil, two
parts peat,
well-drained
dry weather.
Position, sunny
Water
April.
freely in
: Compost,
two
one
rockeries.
part leaf-mould
Plant, March
Pot, March.
343
Positioi:,cool
or
part
cold
"
or
each
green-
SNCYOLOPJSDiA
house, frame,
window.
or
afterwards.
Shade
weak
Apply
midday
from
sun.
GAMdMN'ING.
OF
Water
freely, April to Sept., moderatelj
stimulants
flowering.
occasionallywhen
in.
1-16
seeds
deep in
sown
Propagate by
i^
sand
in
cuttings
in well-drained
pots, July to Sept., "
young
until
in cold irame
March, then planted outdoors.
or
greenhouse
P.
SPECIES
littoralis),white,
CULTIVATED:
angulata (Syn. Lobelia
1
begoniaifolia), blue,
in., ^ew
begonisefoha (Syn. Lobelia
Zealand;
Himalayas.
Cedar
(Juniperus oxycedrus). See Juniperus.
PricKly
See Acanthophoenix.
Palm."
Date
Prickly
See Pernettya.
Heath."
Prickly
Ivy (Smilax aspera). See Smilax.
Prickly
See Opuntia.
Pear
Prickly
(Opuntia vulgaris)."
shoots
of
inserted
stored
summer,
summer,
"
"
Poppy
Prickly
Rhubarb
Prickly
Prickly-seeded
Spinacia.
"
Fern
Shield
Thrift
Prickly
Prickly
(Aspidium aculeatum)."
(Acantholimon glumaceum).
"
See
See
Aspidium.
Acantholimon.
(Caesalpiniapulcherrima).
Pride-Of-BarbadOS
"
See
Caesal-
piuia.
(Primula vulgaris). See Primula.
(Auricula; Ox-lip;Primrose; Polyanthus).
Primrose
"
Ord. PrimuPrimula
1596.
introduced
First
herbs.
lacesB.
Greenhouse
" hardy perennial
colour,
blooms
have
one
OP
AURICULA;
CULTURE
Alpine type
Florists' type,
" free from
white or yellow eye, stems smooth
powder.
than
with
blooms
more
with
covered
" blooms
stems
mealy powder;
"
one
white,
"
grey,
or
" round;
colours,
anthers, bold; eye, white, smooth
defined, rich; edges, distinct.
Compost, two parts turfy loam,
Position,
one
leaf-mould, half a part silver sand.
manure,
part cow
in
cool greenhouse; others
choice kinds in Sin. pots in airy frame
or
truss, round;
well
Water
March.
Pot
" plant, Feb.
or
shady borders.
in pots moderately
times.
in winter; freely other
those
Top-dress
rich soil in March
with
not repotted.
Apply liquid
plants that were
in a weak
state to plants in flower.
manure
Propagate by seeds sown
in pans
of light rich soil,just covered
with fine soil,in March, in cold
irame
or
greenhouse; by offsets in Feb.
rich
soil in
CHINESE
OF
CULTURE
PRIMULA
First introduced
post,
Com-
1820.
part fibrous
" decayed
loam, half a part each of leaf-mould
half
Sow
surface
seeds in May on
a
cow
part silver sand.
manure,
of a compost of two parts leaf -mould
" one
half
a
loam,
part
part sand,
pressed moderately firm in a shallow pan or 6-in. pot, half filled with
one
drainage. Cover
over
pot or pan
soil just moist.
seeds
"
thinly with
to cold
foliagein
of
glass
Keep
Transplant seedlingswhen
similar soil.
Place pane
to 65".
Shade
from
sun.
frame.
evening.
three
lin.
leaves form
filled with compost advised for seeds
AVhen
leaves of seedlingsmeet
each
in
for
same
keep
a
week, then
temp,
Shade
from
Admit
air freely
sun.
Transfer
to 5-in. pots when
well rooted.
314
Sprinkle
Replace
ENGYGLOP^DIA
GARDENING.
OF
"
Pot
Primrose.
Culture
Compost,
two
fibrous
loam,
parts
one
loam
part
"
decayed
cow
Apply
manure.
Transfer
to July.
March
in
flower.
when
Repot
aspect
Miscellaneous
Peopagation
:
week
to cold frame
annually.
species by
loam
345
weak
or
stimulants
greenhouse
seeds sown
in shallow
or
pans
on
with
once-
surface
boxes in
north
of
shady
ENOYCLOPiEDIA
OF
GARDEN
IK
G.
in March
frame
or
April,or by
"
ranthns.
Pritchardia.
First introduced
CULTUEE
"
1870.
Ord.
Palmacese.
Leaves
more
Compost,
Stove
or
less
Orn.
palms.
fan-shaped,green.
foliage.
two
" sand.
parts peat " one
part of loam
in
of
stove.
Feb.
to
pots
light part
Pot,
April.
Oct.
to March
; freely afterwards.
Syringe twice
Position, well-drained
Water
moderately,
to Sept.; once
daily, March
to
daily,Sept. to March.
Temp., March
55" to 65".
Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March
Propagate by seeds
iin. deep in light rich soil in temp. 80" to 90", Feb., March
sown
or
April.
SPECIES
wicli
CULTIVATED
Islauds;
Tlnirstoni,
P.
to
4
auroa,
10 ft.,
lsiaiul.s.
Privet
(Tjiffustrnmvulgaro\"
Seo
n4{3
Lignstrnm,
to
10
10
ft.. Sand-
ft.. Potomon
BNCXOLOtMutA
OP
Prophet's-flovwer
(Macrotoma
Protea.
Ord. Proteacas.
First introduced
1774.
GAUbMlNO.
Sec
ecliioides),"
Greenhouse
"
Macrctoma.
floweringshrubs.
evergreen
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts light well-decayed turfy loam, one
part equal proportions silver sand, charcoal, broken
pots, freestone, "
peat. Position,light airy greenhouse fullyexposed to sunshine.
Pot,
March.
Drain
of
third
vi^ith
broken
pots onedepth
potsherds. Pot
March
firmly. Water
afterwards,
to Sept.,occasionally
moderately,
soil
moist.
No
keepingj just
syringing or stimulants required. Stand
in
outdoors
plants
position
sunny
during June, July, " Aug. Temp.,
40" to 50"; March
55" to 65"
to June
frept.to March
Propagate
by cuttings of firm shoots cut off close to a joint,pared quite smooth,
inserted
thinly in small pots half-filled with drainage, " remainder
with
bell-glassin cool part of greenhouse in
pure sand, placed under
summer.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
flora,white, May,
Provence
to
P.
8
Rose
Prumnopitys.
trees.
CULTURE
drained.
or
in., S. Africa;
13
grandi-
^See Rosa.
(Rosa gallicaprovincialis).
Coniferse.
and
Hardy
half-hardy
"
"
Orn.
OP
ft., S. Africa.
Ord.
green
ever-
1863.
SPECIES:
Soil, good, deep loam, wellsheltered lawns.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
HARDY
Po.'jition,
sunny
April.
CULTURE
OF
HALF-HARDY
SPECIES
: Compost, two
parts loam,
leaf-mould.
Position, pots or tubs in light airy greenhouse.
Pot or plant,March
or
April. Water
freely.May to Sept.,moderately
afterwards.
Temp., Sept. to April 45" to 55"; April to Sept. 55" to
65".
in small
shoots inserted
Propagate by cuttings of firm young
pots of sandy loam under bell-glassin temp. 60" to 70", summer.
P. elegans (Plum Kr), Syn. Podooarpus
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
andina, 40 to
50 ft., Chili, hardy;
spicata (Black Pine), Syn. Podocarpus spicata, 50 to 70 ft.,
part
one
New
Zealand.
Prunella.
(Selfheal).Ord.
"
CULTURE
rockery.
replant every
decayed manure
or
Labiatse.
Hardy
herbaceous
nials.
peren-
Soil,ordinary lightrich.
Position, moist shady border
Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April.
Lift, divide, "
in dry weather.
Mulch
with
stimulants
Apply
during floweringseason.
Propagate by division of roots, Oct., Nov. or March.
CULTIVATED
P. grandiflora, purple, ,Tuly and
SPECIES
:
Aug., 6 in., Europe;
alba
and
its varieties
rubra, or webbiana
(white) and
(red); -vulgaris laciniata,
purple, -Tuly,leaves finely cut, 1 ft., Britain.
Prunus
Double
Chinese
Plum;
Myrobalan
(Plum; Damson;
deciduous
Eosaceae.
and
Ord.
PlumV
trees
"
Hardy
evergreen
Edible
shrubs.
duced:
fruit-bearing,
flowering " orn.
foliage. First intro2
Water
3 years.
or
in March.
"
and
Peach
nectarine, 1562; Almond,
Laurel, 1629; Portugal Laurel 1648.
CULTURE
over-rich
south
or
Distances
standard
OP
AND
PEACH
sandy loam,
well
NECTARINE:
" free
drained,
mon
1548; Apricot,1548; Com-
from
south-west
for
manure.
15 ft.
fan-trained,
Depth of soil above roots, 4 to 6 in.
each:
of
cost
Cordons, Is. 6d.; dwarf fan, 3s. 6d.;
trees,
Approximate
7s.
6d.
Prune, Jan. or Feb.
half " full standard
Fruit borne
fans,
on
old
spurs "
shoots
of
Do
not
shorten
the
latter
unless
bud.
Remove
to
make
new
side.
each
Protect
blossoms
Feb.
March.
"
apart;
with
3oz.
Train
of
fruit
decayed
April
soot
per
the
size of
for
hazel
nut
10
"
12 in.
apart.
to
to
carry,
artificial
about
in
manures
March;
of
muriate
the
at
of
rate
netting
to
or
in
in.
Average
Mulch
240.
stimulants
April. Apply
or
fish
tiffanyor
of
a
tree
yard, applied
crude
front
size of
walnut
Suitable
Aug.
square
when
March
in
manure
to
sides
full-grown
April,
shoots,
young
of
out
by covering
fruit
off
of branches, "
of previous year's shoots to 6 in.
3 to 6 in. long to the wall.
when
shoots
frost
Tliin
i.e., rub
growing
those
young
from
again when
number
Fruit
Disbud,
issuing from
reducing those
shoots
ones.
apart
of
proportion
for
room
back
cut
small
if possibleto a triple
tree.
in.
2 to 3
apart all over
fruit
have
borne
that
annually
Wood
buds, conical, downy.
Always
strong.
very
Train
GAUtonntnG.
of
moYoLop^DiA
sionally,
occa-
of
7 lb.
per
"
superphosphate
tree
after
nitrate
of
Liquid manure
" cow
1 oz.
to gallon; horse
manure
gallon; guano
Glass:
diluted
one-third
all applied in spring " summer.
TJndee
for
outdoors.
Soil, planting,pruning, manuring, same
as
Temp, for
advised
soda
Joz.
for No.
2.
Nitrate
to
"
forcing : Jan.
65".
40"
when
to
50"
45"
Feb.
55" ; March
to
"
onwards,
55"
to
shoots
bushel.
Jan.,
when
in
spring
"
summer,
advised
above.
OF
CULTURE
Position,
May
Duke
Bigarreau
to
remove
"
"
"
or
so
tablespoonfulof superphosphate to
Stand
in a sheltered
trees
till
corner
Water
at
first,
greenhouse.
freely
moderately
in winter.
none
Pruning, manuring, etc., as
CHERRY:
early
the
standards,
Morello
inch
an
bones,
Nov.
Pot,
are
kinds
pyramids,
on
E.
S.
"
"
able.
gravellyunsuit-
bushes
sunny;
W.
fences;
"
open
walls
or
Plant
standards
N.
walls.
or
25 ft.
horizontal
apart; pyramids, 15ft.;
or
fan-trained, 15ft.; bushtrained, 5 to 8ft.; cordons, 18 in.
Cost
of trees, each:
Cordons,
2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d. ; pyramids. Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. ; fan-trained.2s. 6d. to
3s. 6d.; standards. Is. 6d. to 3s. 6d.
Time
to plant, Oct. to Feb.
for standard
Stocks
Depth for roots, 6 in.
trees, seedlingDuke
or
Morello; for dwarf trees, Mahaleb
Cherry. Mode of bearing: Morello
bears fruit along full length of shoot of previousyear'sgrowth; other
of shoots
kinds at base
only, called " spurs." Pruning : Standards,
when
branches
too thick; pyramids " bushes, cut back
simply remove
all shoots to 3 in. in July, except those
required to form branches,
leave
which
6 or
Sin.; cordons, cut all shoots except leading one
"
fan-trained, cut back
side shoots
similarly; horizontal
to 3 in.,
to 6 in. in July; Morello, remove
old or
leading cues
weak
shoots
Winter
consists
of
removal
of
only in Deo.
dead
pruning
or
overon
313
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
6d.
and
staking, standards, 32s.
ing
Cost
of cultivation
^"27.
per acre
bone-meal,
soda, 2J
cwt.
after
CULTURE
south
Average
(gross), ^ElOO;
acre
per
Steamed
OP
total,
^"20
lias
to
manuring,
Pruning, 20s. ; annual
7
tons.
Average
yield per acre,
Manures
^"85.
net,
(per acre):
3cwt.;
fruit
DAMSON
OABDENING.
OF
of
set.
deep
loam.
tion,
Posi-
site.
Shape of trees, standard,
aspect, well-drained
bush-trained
5 ft. apart; pyramidal,
bush.
Plant
trees
pyramidal, or
Jan.
15 ft.; standards, 24 ft., in Nov., Dec,
or
Depth for roots, 6 in.
weak
old
branches
shoots "
Prune
in Dec,
or
simply cutting away
of
cost
Manures,
trees, etc.,
moderately shortening strong ones.
same
for
as
plums.
APEICOT
loam, containing
: Soil, light well-drained
rubbish.
S.
walls
in Midlands
Position,
"
plenty
walls in the South.
be
bushes
as
or
North; E. " W.
May
grown
in sheltered
standards
Plant, Sept. to
gardens in S. of England.
for
"
ft.
for
fan-trained
ft.
18
trees.
Fruit
2
Nov.,
cordons,
apart
"
old.
Prune
in
shoots
borne
3
on
Jan.,
shortening
years
spurs, 1, 2,
branches
inch of their base.
to within
not
an
required to form new
Summer
in July, pinching back
side shoots
not
required for
prune
future
branches
to two
leaves.
Disbud, in June, i.e.,rub off all young
in flower with
shoots growing out of front, of branches.
Protect
when
Mulch
with
in hot, dry
roots
decayed manure
tiffanyor fish-netting.
in
Water
Feed
with
advised for
seasons.
summer.
manures
copiously
1
Pot
Thin
ft.
fruit
ovit
to
Culture
Same
:
as
peaches.
early
apart.
for Peaches.
CULTURE
OF
of
old
mortar
CULTURE
Oct.
Plant,
lineal
stock
Feb.
Trim
to
two-year-old.
7s. ; per
MYEOBALAN
OP
occasionallyas
1,000, 35s.
yard,
9d. ;
for
PLUM:
chieflyfor hedges;
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny.
apart to plant, 6 in. Size of plants,
Distance
into shape, June
to 40s.
Cost of
trimming
Used
plums.
per
or
July.
planting
chain, 4d.
Cost
and
Makes
per
100, 5s. to
hedge.
CULTURE
ordinary.
OP
PORTUGAL
AND
shrubberies
or
for Portugal Laurel.
CHER,RT
Position, mixed
LAURELS:
hedges for
Soil, good
Cherry Laurel;
shrubberies
Plant, Sept. to Oct., or in
in
Prune
May.
April, merely shortening straggly growths.
Cheeey
Hedge
Cultuee
Laueel
site 3 ft. wide " 2 ft. deep,
or
: Trench
of
with
soil.
rotten
manure
Plant, 12 in. to 24 in.
mixing plenty
Cost
of
Cost
of
15s.
plants per 100,
apart.
preparing and planting
lineal
Prune
in
9d.
yard,
April.
per
FLOWERING
CULTURE
OP
SPECIES
Position,
: Soil, ordinary.
well-drained
borders
or
shrubberies; Almond
tree.
good town
sunny
lawns
Plant,
or
Oct.
Feb.
Prune
growths after
to
shorten
only
to
cut
away
dead
wood
or
to
P. teiloba
straggly
:
or
flowering.Pot Cultuee
two
Compost,
parts sandy loam, one part leaf-mould, half a part silver
sand.
Position, cold greenhouse, Jan. to June; outdoors, pots plunged
to
Pbopaqation
Peach
and
uectarine
350
by budding in
July
or
Aug.
Ml^OtOLOP^DIA
OP
GAliDENINO.
Seedling Almonds
or
Plums;
Cherry by budding in July or Aug.
Mahaleb
Cherry for dwarfs, or seedlingcherry for standards;
St.
riums
or
by budding in July or Aug., on the seedling Damson
ou
on
the
Julien
Plum,
seed; Almonds
Plum
on
reared
cuttings;
from
by
Darnsons
speciesby
by
Myrobalan Plum
seedling Plums;
other
the
and
; Laurels
inserted in sheltered
border
cold frame
or
seeds to produce new
varieties.
on
by
Myrobalan
by budding
Myrobalan Plum
or
in autumn;
ding
budtings
cut-
all kinds
FllUIT-BEARING
Porsioa
SPECIES
: P.
(Peach),rose, April, 15 to 25 ft., China ;
habitat
Isovis (Nectarine) ; communis
(Plum), white, spring, 20 ft., native
Oerasua
unknown;
(Cherry), white, April, 15 to 20 ft., Europe (Britain), etc.;
insititia
Armeniaca
15 to
25
ft., N. China;
(Apricot),blush, Feb. and March,
Pcrsica
7ar.
Britain.
PLOWEEING
(Almond),
10
SPE01EI3:
P.
Amygdahis
rose,
March
and
April,
SO
to
{Bitter
amara
ft., S. Europe;
flore-pleno, double;
Amygda-lus
Amygdahis
Jan.
to
dulcis
March,
(Sweet
Almond);
Almond);
davidiana,
Amygdalus
rose,
10 ft., China;
nana
(Dwarf
Almond), rose, March, 3 ft., S. llussia; Persica fiore
flore albo
roseo
plena (Double Peach), rose, double, March, 10 to 20 ft.; Persica
Avium
flore
foliis
Persica
pleno
plena, white, double;
rubris, leaves
purple;
(Double
Gean
(Britain); Cerasus
Cherry), white, double, spring, 30 ft., Europe
Uhexii
flore pleno (Double Cherry), white, double, April, 20 ft., Europe;
Japonica
flore pleno albo
Cherry), pink, April, 3 ft., Japan; pseudo-cerasus
(Double Chinese
(Syn. Watereri), white, semi-double, May, 12 ft., Japan; triloba flore pleno, silvery
Padua
May, 5 to 10 ft., China;
(Bird Cherry), white. May, 20 to
rose, double, and
30 ft., Europe
(Britain); virginiaua (Tirginian Bird
Cherry), white. May, 30 to
40 ft., N. America.
BVBRGIIEEN
SPECIES:
P. Laurooerasus
Cherry Laurel), white,
or
(Common
colchica,
spring, 8 to 20 ft., E. Europe, Orient, etc. ; and its varieties, caucasica.
latifolia, etc.; lusitanica
(Portugal Laurel), white, .Tune, 10 to 15 ft., Portugal.
SPECIES
P. cerasifera
MISCELLANEOUS
:
(Myrobalan or Cherry Plum), white,
cerasifera
15 to 20 ft., Caucasus;
March,
atropurpurea
(Purple-leaved Plum), Syn.
Prunus
Pissardii, leaves, purple; communis
Juliana (St. Julien Plum), white, March,
10 ft.; Mahaleb
(Mahaleb or St. Lucie
Cherry), white. May, 10 ft., Europe. Last
30
two
species used
as
stocks.
Pseudwpanax.
shrubs.
"
foliage.
Orn.
Ord.
Araliaceae.
First introduced
1846.
Greenhouse
Leaves,
evergreea
hand-shaped,
shining.
CULTURE
: Compost,
equal parts loam, peaty leaf -mould, charcoal,
Water
to Oct., modesand.
rately
Pot, Feb. to March.
freely,March
afterwards.
to Sept. 55"
to 60"; Sept.to
Temp., March
March
45" to 55".
ing
Propagate by grafting in heat in spring; insertportionsof roots in light soil in temp. 80" in April.
P. crassifolium, 5 to 10 ft., Kew
CULTIVATED
Zealand.
SPECIES
:
Stove
Ord.
Psidium
Tree).
(Guava
Myrtacese.
evergreen
edible
"
First
introduced
1692.
shrubs.
fruit-bearing.
Flowering
round
Fruit
or
claret-coloured,
pear-shaped,
(berries)yellow or
"
"
aromatic, edible.
summer.
351
OU' QAnumiNK}.
MNOtCLOPMDtA
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Guava
pomiterum
Brazil;
Guava
pyriferum
(Common
Psoralea
10 to 15 ft.,
oattleianum, white, JUne, fruits flg-lilie,
white, June, fruits apple-like,10 ft.; aud
Guava), white, fruits pear-like, Trop. America.
P.
(Red Guava),
(Scurvy Pea)."
First
flowering snrubs.
Greenhouse
Ord. Leguminosae.
1690.
introduced
green
ever-
SPECIES
summer,
(Hop
"
Flowering
"
foliage. First
orn.
green,
CULTURE
woods.
or
Plant, Nov.
seeds
by
April; layering
Leaves, trifoliate,
1704.
deep
in
sunny
any time.
P.
trifoliata,green,
leaves golden.
May,
to
Pteris
pagate
Pro-
to Feb.
shape,Dec.
in March
positionoutdoors
shoots
young
aurea,
into
Prune
to Feb.
^in.
sown
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
trifoliata
introduced
or
or
3 ft., S. Africa;
white, summer,
P. aouleata, blue and
ft., S. Africa; arborea, blue, June, 6 ft., S. Africa.
trees.
Hardy deciduous
Tree). Ord. Rutaceae.
CULTIVATED:
pinnata, blue,
Ptelea,
"
ft., N.
America;
Filices.
Stove,
shoots
like
eaten
Young
and
Asparagus.
CULTURE
borders
OF
CULTURE
mould,
HARDY
Plant,
woods.
or
peat, "
plant, Feb.
or
Soil,ordinary.
or
pots, beds,
March.
Temp.,
Water
March
SPECIES;
or
house.
HAEDT
Several
STOVE
or
shady part
abundantly, April to
to Sept. 70" to 80";
Pot,
Compost, as above.
rockery in shady part of
moderately Oct. to March.
or
Water
SPECIES
P.
aquilina (Brake
or
leaf-
in
rockeries
April.
to
Oct.;
freely, March
55"
March
to
to
65";
Sept. to March, 50"
Sept.,
Temp.,
fine
on
sown
by spores
sandy peat in well-drained
a0" any time ; dwarf
by
species division of plants, Oct.
March
Position, shady
April.
SPECIES
OP
STOVE
sand.
Position,
Pot
of stove.
SPECIES
Bracken
Fern),
to
55".
pans in
to
or
pagate
Pro-
temp.
April.
ft., JBritain,etc.
varieties.
P.
SPECIES:
aspericaulis, 6 to 8 in., India; aspericaulis tricolor,
and
red ; palmata nobilis, 1 ft., Brazil
white
; quadriaurata
argyrea,
fronds
with white
centres, 1 ft.. Tropics.
SPECIES:
P. Bausei, hybrid ; erotica and
its varieties albo-lineata,
GKEEXHOUSE
its varieties cristata, Kogina:
Wimsettii, Tropics ; ensiformis, and
Mayi, major and
serrulata
and
scaberula, Kew
Zealand;
Victoriffi,Tropics; longifolia, Japan;
(Trembling
(Spider Fern), and its variety cristata, China, Japan, etc. ; tremula
its varieties
See
also
Smithieana,
elegaas and
variegata, Australia.
Fern), and
Pellara.
fronds
green,
(AustralianFeather
Palm). Ord. Palmaceee.
Orn.
foliage. Leaves, feather-shaped,
very
green,
1868.
graceful. First introduced
CULTURE
:
Compost,equal parts loam " leaf-mould, half a part
silver sand.
Position, shady part of stove, warm
servatory;
greenhouse, or conFeb.
tubs.
March.
Water
or
or
Pot,
pots
copiously,
Ptychosperma.
palms.
"
Stove
352
MofOLOp^DIA
Op
GABDENINO.
March
to
by seeds
i"eb., March,
SPECIES
sown
in
April.
or
CULTIVATED:
P.
to
20 ft.
Pulmonaria
(Lung-wort; Blue Cowslip; Sage of Bethlehem)."
Ord. Boraginaceae. Hardy herbaceous
herbs.
Orn. foliage. Leaves,
lance shaped, green, spotted with white.
rockeries or
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary.
Position, partially-shaded
"
borders.
March
Lift
Plant, Oct., Nov.,
or
April.
replant in fresh
soil every 4 or
seeds
5 years.
1-16 in. deep in
sown
Propagate by
soil
in
March
or
ordinary
April; division of
shady positionoutdoors,
roots, Oct.
March.
or
SPECIES
P.
CULTIVATED:
ft., Europe;
ft., Europe.
red
and
Pultensea..
shrubs.
Ord.
introduced
"
First
CTJLTUEE
silver
angustifolia(Blue Cowslip),
angustifolia azurca,
"violet,spring, 1
officinalis
blue;
ft., Europe
Legumiuosse. Greenhouse
flowering
evergreen
1792.
one
part equal proportions
charcoal.
Position, light, airy greenhouse.
Well-drained
tial.
Pot, Feb. or March.
pots " firm potting essenWater
Use
soft
freely,April to Sept.,moderately other times.
water
Stand
only. No stimulants
required. Shade unnecessary.
plants in sunny
positionoutdoors during July " Aug.
Temp., Sept.
40" to 50"; March
to March
to July 55" to 65".
Propagate by seeds
of shallow
well-drained
surface
filled with sandy peat,
on
sown
pans,
covered
with fine peat, placed under
bell-glassin temp. 55" to
slightly
65 , MTarch or April; cuttings of firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted
in sandy peat under
bell-glassin shade in temp. 55" to 65" in summer.
CULTIVATED:
P. oboordata, yellow, April, 3 ft.; rosea, pint, spring,
SPECIES
1 ft. ; stricta, yellow, spring, 3 ft. ; "pillosa,
yellow, spring, 3 ft. All natives of
:
Compost,
sand
two
pounded
"
Australia.
"
Punica
"
Hardy
First
deciduous
introduced
1548.
CULTUEE
:
loam, one
Compost, two
parts rich fibrous
part
borders
manure.
Position, well-drained
thoroughly decayed cow
against S. " S.W. wallsj S. " S.W. England; in tubs, pots, or borders,
with
shoots
against back
trained
in other
borne
trees
moderately
surface
walls.
of
country.
Prune
cool
or
Plant,
cold
houses
Oct.
to Feb.
or
servatories
con-
Train
" fruit
of soil
in
weak
of
extremities
on
wall
shoots only.
Blossom
of shoots
Water
previousyear's growth.
copiouslyin dry weather; indoor trees frequentlyin
thinly to
branches
parts
of the
autumn
annually
with
"
cow
\ in. deep
manure
in
in
March
in winter.
or
door
outmer;
sum-
Mulch
April. Propagate
well-drained
seeds
sown
or
time ; suckers
3i53
greenhouse any
removed
from
roots
N
OP
lilNorOLOP^DtA
GAUDENING.
"
on
SPECIES
P.
CULTIVATED:
flore pleno, double
Granatum
;
Oct.
grafting
Nov.;
or
Granatam
Granatum,
dwarf.
nana,
Beech
(Fagus ay Ivatica purpurea). See Fagus.
Birch
(Betula alba purpurea). See Betula.
See Trifolium.
Clover
(Trifoliumrepeus purpureum).
Echinacea.
Cone-flower
See
Purple
(Echinacea purpurea).
Colchicum.
Crocus
See
Purple
(Colchicum autumnale).
Elm
Purple-leaved
(Clmus campestrispurpurea). See TJlmus.
Filbert
See
Purple-leaved
purpurea).
(Corylus Avellana
Purple
Purple
Purple
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Corylus.
Purple
Mexican
Aster
(Cosmos bipinuatus). See Cosmos.
Orchis
(Orchis mascula). See Orchis.
Osier
(Salixpurpurea). See Salix.
Rock-cress
(Aubrietia purpurea). See Aubrietia.
Sand
Verbena
(Abronia umbellata). See Abronia.
Side-saddle-flower
See
(Sarraceuia purpurea).
"
Purple
Purple
Purple
PurpBe
Purple
"
"
"
"
"
Sarraconia.
Tassels
Toad-flax
Purple
Purple
Purple
See Muscari.
(Muscari comosum).
(Linariapurpurea). See Linaria.
(Salixpurpurea). See Salix.
"
"
Willow
Wreath
Purple
Purslane
"
(Petraea volubilis).
See Petraea.
Portulacca.
Liliaceae.
Hardy
"
(Portulaccaoleiacea). See
(Striped Squill). Ord.
"
Puschkinia
"
First
floweringplants.
CULTURE
:
drained
border
Protect
Nov.
introduced
rockery.
Plant
bulbous
1819.
bulbs
4 in.
Position, sunny
deep, 1 in. apart,
wellOct.
or
immediately
planting with covering 1 in. deep of
refuse
cocoanut-fibre
After
or
decayed manure.
flowering remove
surface
Lift
to
to
material,
sun
fully
exposing
protective
ripen bulbs.
2 or
3 years.
seeds
" replant every
sown
Jin. deep in
Propagate by
well-drained
shallow
filled
with
soil
in
light
sandy
Aug. or Sept.,
pans
in
cold
offsets
removed
"
advised
for old
frame;
as
placed
planted
bulbs, Oct. or Nov.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
P. soilloides
(Syn. lihanotioa), white, striped with
soilloides compacta,
dwarf.
blue, spring, 4 in., Asia Minor;
Adonis
Pyrenean
(Adonis pyrenaica)." See Adonis.
Lily
Pyrenean
Pyrenean
See
after
(Liliumpyrenaicum).
"
Meadow
Saffron
See Liliuni.
(Mereudera
bulbocodium)."
Merendera.
Violet
Pyrenean
Pyrethrum
Pyrola
herbs.
CULTURE
moist
April.
perennial
"
partially-shadyborders
or
rockeries.
"
sandy
Plant,
loam.
tion,
Posi-
March
or
Water
CULTIVATED:
ivhite
media,
Avjonoa;
summer,
in.,
Europe
and
rod,
354
in
and" red'
6
in.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Pyrus
(Apple; Pear;
Eowan
GARDMNING.
OF
Crab;
Cordons,
18
Beam
in.; bush-trained
sheltered
Position, open,
Feb.
trees, 12ft.;
Aah;
deciduous
Hardy
Rosacese.
"
Mountain
Quince;
Medlar;
Tree;
Tree). Ord.
fruit-bearing" iioweringtrees " shrubs.
CULTURE
APPLE
OP
: Soil, deep loam.
N.W.
walls.
E.
or
gardens,
Plant, Nov. to
White
ing:
plantpyramids, 12ft.; fanfor
Distance
Distance
of bear
of previous
of shoots
" base
older branches
on
ing : On spurs formed
from
Fruit
buds
be
year's growth.
distinguished
growth buds
may
Summer
four
leaves
cluster.
in
a
by having
growing
pruning ; Shorten
about
1 in
latent
bud
cordon
trees to the second
on
Remove
tiae
their base
in June;
leave the leader
unpruned.
in
"
bushes
of
the
shoots
July;
on
points
strongest young
pyramids
to the wall
leave the weak
untouched.
Secure
ones
suitably-place.l
" shorLsn
future
form
shoots
of
fan-trained
trees
to
branches,
young
of each
in
Allow
the
leaves
to
two
ones
extremity
remaining
July.
two
side
or
to
unchecked
shorten
to
"
branch
growths
espalier
grow
"
"
from
in July.
Standards
summer
pruning.
require no
to
winter
secondary shoots of cordons
pruning : Shorten
further
base
within
lin.
of their
in Sept.; no
pruning required.
of bushes
"
Shorten
all shoots, except leading ones,
pyramids to
to 6 or Sin. in Nov.
within
in Sept.; leading shoots
2 in. of their base
fan-trained
2 in. of base
Prune
all side shoots
trees;
to within
on
leading shoots, intended to form new branches, to 6, 9, or 12 in. in Nov.
Espalierside shoots shorten to 2 in. in Aug. or Sept.; leaders at end of
dards,
12 in. in Nov.
branches
to 6, 9, or
Simply thin out branches of stanleaves
three
Autumn
"
quite open,
newly-planted trees with
keep
Mulch
centre
shorten
"
thick
any
layer of
extra
vigorous
manure.
shoots.
Root
prune
third year
fruitful. Gather
fruit
cordon, bush, " pyramid trees to keep them
from
vertical
it
to a horizontal
a
when, on lifting by the hand,
tion,
posithe tree.
Store in dark, cool, frost-proof
it readily parts from
:
manures
(1) Superphosphate of
room
(temp. "l" to 45"). Chemical
of
10
nitrate
lime
salt,
12 parts (by weight);
potash,
parts; common
phate
4 parts ; sulphate of magnesia, 2 parts ; sulphate of iron, 1 part ; sulTo be appliedat the rate of \ lb. per square
of lime, 8 parts.
vigorous unfruitful
trees
in
Lift
Sept.
"
replant every
in Marcli
or
April. (2) Equal parts (by weight) kainit, sulphate
To be appliedat the rate of 6 lbs.
of soda, " superphosphate of lime.
Natural
after
manures
: (3) Decayed
cow
tree
manure
pruning.
per
soil
in
Nov.
surface
roots
of
Dec.
over
or
on
(4)Poultry dung
spread
yard
appliedin
in autumn
manner.
(5)Soapsuds appliedliberally
urine
"
horse
or
cow
manure
Liquid
(6)
applied at any
used for budding or grafting; Crab " seedling apple for
similar
winter.
tinje. Stocks
"
for
Paradise
trees.
dwarf
standards;
English
for cordons
" very
3 in.
Aug.,
Ma-bket
Obchaed
and
Position, land
Plant, Oct.
302.
to
12ft.
Cost of
dwarfs,
trees, ^"8;
March.
Trees to
Culttjbe
soil.:
Soil, loam
overlying cla.ysubS.E. or
S.W., just above
a
valley.
for planting: Standards,
Distances
20ft. ;
sloping to
plant a
planting a statute
statute
acre:
manure,
355
acre
Standard
n2
standard
of
Cost
GARDENING.
OF
-ENCYCLOPMVIA
dwarf
Pruning
acre,
has
or
set;
20
acre
E.
of
Kainit,
of
4 lbs.
soda
average
"b;
return
per
manure
clay soil
for
and
of soda, Icwt.,
nitrate
farmyard
garden
N.
at
tons
3 cwt.,
Superphosphate,
pruning;
tons
sheltered
trees; open
espalier-trained
manures
:
Soil, deep rich loam;
walls, fences, or arches,
PBAES
OF
Position, S., W.
applied
after
or
."22.
acre
unsuitable.
cordons,
fan,
or
in liberal quantitiesonce
per gallon of water
Pear
for standards;
Stocks:
Common
quince
Sept.
for pyramids, bushes, " cordons.
Market
Orchabd
Culture
Soil, light loam
over
and
:
clay
for apples. Average yield
soil. Position
and other details as advised
5 tons;
return
(net), ."35.
acre,
(gross), ."50; ditto
per
average
Manures:
"
acre
kainit,
Bonemeal,
3cwt.,
IJcwt. per
applied after
of
of
20 tons
nitrate
when
fruit
has
2^cwt.,
or
soda,
set;
pruning;
for
advised
the
in
winter.
manure
as
farmyard
Propagate
apple.
MEDLAPi
tered
CULTUEE
OP
:
Soil, light,moist loam.
Position, shelwalls
fences.
or
on
or
or
as
orchards;
garden
espaliers
grown
for apples. Gather
Plant
in autumn.
Prune
espaliers as advised
after one
Store in any light,warm
two sharp frosts.
fruit in Nov.
or
excellent
pagate
Fruit
makes
place till semi-rotten, then eat.
jelly. Profruit
seeds
in
soil
in
heat
is
as
sown
as
soon
gentle
by
light
in
in
Hawthorn
or
on
or
July
grafting
Quince
ripe; budding
April,
at
the
rate
week, July
OF
CULTUEE
standards
of \
oz.
to
QUINCE
in orchards
or
also be grown
fan-trained
advised
for apples and
as
from
other
fruits.
away
outdoors
sown
when
seedling Quinces,
walls.
Plant
Position,
loam.
gardens, margins
low-lying
in
of
water.
as
May
Prune
November.
Gather
fruit
in
Store
pears.
Makes
nice jelly. Propagate by seeds
a
budding in July, or grafting in March
on
against
ripe;
Pears,
or
Whitethorn
OF
FLO WEEING
SPECIES
CULTUEE
shrubs.
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
layering in
autumn.
summer.
trees and
Hardy deciduous
borders
for
shrubberies
or
W.
tall species;S., S.W.,
walls
for P. Maulei.
or
of latter
Fruit
Plant, Nov. to Feb.
Prune, Dec. to Feb., shorten
species edible.
of P. spectabilis to within
2 in. of
ing previous year's side shoots
to
12 in.
Other
6, 8, or
base, leading shoots
species require no
pruning beyond thinning out branches.
Propagate by seeds sown
3 in. deep in sandy soil in sunny
positionoutdoors in March; cuttingsof
shoots
in ordinary soil outdoors
8 to 12 in. long inserted
in autumn;
layering in autumn;
grafting in March.
OF
CULTUEE
trees
"
shrubs.
ordinary.
to
Feb.
P.
budding
on
common
MISCELLANEOUS
Orn.
pear
SPECIES:
seeds
sown
fin.
356
or
quince in July;
deciduous
Hardy
and
fruit-bearing. Soil,
woodlands.
or
Plant, Nov.
thinning out branches.'
Propagate
deep, " 1 in. apart in ordinary
shrubberies
Position, sunny
Prune, Deo. to Feb., simply
aucuparia by
well
Nov.,
to
in
planting near
for
adapted
April;
or
heavy soils,
deciduous
in.; light
the
Q. Ilex
woods.
well-drained
open,
OABDMNING.
OF
ENCYCLOPJEDIA
Plant
sea.
evergreen
Depth
Feb.
Distance
Oct.
ones,
soils, 9 in.
to
apart
Q.
"
Cerris
kinds, Sept.
planting
for
for
deciduous
oaks, 20
oaks,
evergreen
Prune
deciduous
ft. ;
25
to
6 ft.
4 to
years
oak.
common
DATA
USEFUL
Average
its assumed
Cowthorpe;
cartwheel
work,
cabinet
largesttrees,
of
180
of oak
age
Supposed
ft.
oak
oldest
iu
used
meter
Average diaEngland, the
Timber
for building,
1,800 years.
spokes, fencing, barge building, etc.; very
age
Average value per cubic foot. Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. Weight of
of cubic ft. per ton, 42.
One bushel
Number
cubic
ft., 53 lb.
per
Avoid oak trees during thunderstorms.
of acorns
will yield 7,000 trees.
Average priceof oak bark per ton. Mi 10s. Average cost of fellingand
Average
harvesting bark per ton, ^1 10s. Average profitper ton, "2.
for
150.
number
of cubic ft. of bark
ton,
prices
Average
seedling
per
durable.
oak
trees
to
cubic
Oneyear
30s.
per
ftf).
:
Q. Ilex (Evergreen Holm
(Cork Oak), 25 ft,/ S. Europe.
SPECIES:
DECIDUOUS
(Turkey Oak), 50
Q. Cerris
and
Tarieties fulhamensis, laoiniata
variegata ; coccinea
SPECIES
suber
EVERGttEES
terranean
Holly Oak), 60 ft.,Medi-
or
Region;
70 ft., S. Europe,
and
its
(Scarlet Oak), 50 to 70 ft.,
Mirbeokii, 50 to
N. America;
(Burr Oak), 30 to 40 ft., N. America;
macrocarpa
70 ft., Spain, and
N. Africa;
Oak, 100 to
pedunculata (Syn. Q. Eobns), the Common
120 ft., Europe
fastigiata (Cypress Oak), filicifolia
(Britain),Asia; and its varieties
rubra
(Red
Oak):
(Fern-leaved Oak), and
pendula (Weeping
Oak), 50 to "0 ft.;
100 to 120 ft., Europe (Britain) and
Asia.
sessiliflora,
Quick
to
Quick-set
Quince-tree
"
"
Quinoa.
Combretaceie.
Ord.
Stove
Quisqualis
(Rangoon Creeper).
shrub.
Deciduous.
introduced
First
1815.
climbing flowering
CULTURE
two parts loam, one
: Compost,
part peat, " a little sand.
Position, well-drained
pot or tub, or in a bed with shoots trained up
Prune
rafters.
shoots moderately close after flowering.
Pot, Feb.
Water
of
freely, April to Oct.; keep nearly dry remainder
year.
Syringe daily,April to Sept. Shade from mid-day sun only. Propagate
by cuttings of young shoots taken off with a small portion of old
in sandy soil in small
stem
attached, " inserted
pots under a bell-glass
in a temp, of 75" to 85" in spring.
"
"
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
summer,
10
to
15
ft.,
India.
Rabbit-berry
Radish
Raegner's
"
3.58
ENOYOLOPJEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
in
or
partiallyshady peaty beds or borders.
April.
Plant, March
oftener
disturbed
be
weather.
not
Should
in
occasionally dry
than is absolutelynecessary.
POT
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts peat, one part equal proportions
Water
leaf-mould
frames.
"
silver
sand.
Pot, March
SPECIES
in 3
CULTIVATED:
B.
Heldreichii,
Rampion
yiolet,
to
(Campanula rapunculus).
"
Rcincii"ii
Ord.
Eubiacete.
Stove
First introduced
1733.
Climbing.
CULTUEE
decayed manure
plant stove.
March.
65".
Water
Compost,
Pot
part loam,
one
charcoal.
"
plant,
or
shrubs.
one
Position, well-drained
Feb.
into
Prune
March.
or
or
Temp.,
(except when
moderately
in bloom), March
healthy plants in
March
flowering
evergreen
"
in., Thessaly;
summer,
in., Pyrenees.
See Campanula.
to
Feb.
55" to
shape,
March
Syringe daily
sionally
occaSept. Apply liquid manure
flower.
old
to two
Plants
one
years
side
best blooms.
Propagate by cuttings of firm young
shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in well-drained
pots of sandy peat
under
in temp. 75" to 85", Jan. to April.
bell-glass
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
R.
10 to 20 ft., Trop.
maorantha,
yellow, summer,
to
produce
the
Africa.
Creeper
(Quisqualisindica). See Quisqualis.
of
(Crow-foot; Fair Maids of France; Pair Maids
nuals;
Butter-cup). Ord. Eanunculaceae.
Hardy " half-hardy anherbaceous, tuberous-rooted, and aquatic perennials.
Rang^oon
"
Ranunculus
Kent;
"
CULTUEE
Dutch,
"
OF
Scotch
part decayed
cow
TUBEEOUS-EOOTED
Eanunculus)
for
manure
(Turban, Persian,
SPECIES
Soil, two
fine
leaf-mould
borders.
Plant
beds or
varieties in
Turban, Scotch, " Dutch
sunny
sheltered
sian
Oct. or Nov., in warm
districts;end of Feb. otherwise; PerPlace tubers
claw-side
downwards
2 in. deep
kinds, end of Feb.
in beds; 2 in. deep " 4 in. apart in rows
" Sin. apart if to be grown
in lines in border.
if to be grown
Press tubers firmly in
5 in. asunder
with fine soil. Protect
soil " cover
autumn-planted tubers with mulch
Mulch
in April with rotten
leaves.
of manure
manure
or
or
cocoanut
Water
fibre refuse.
copiouslyin dry -weather.
Sprinkle Peruvian
of 1 oz. per square
at the rate
the bed
leaves
on
yard when
guano
of nitrate
each
of
manures
oz.
J
soda,
liquid
Apply
appear.
phosphate,
super" sulphate of iron to 1-gall. of water
aweek
from
once
flower
until
buds
Lift
tubers
when
flowers
time leaves
open.
appear
turn
fade " leaves
yellow-"generallyearly in July dry them in the
in
sand in cool place till planting time.
"
store
away
sun,
SPECIES
HAEDY
OP
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, shady
CULTUEE
border.
Oct.,
Plant,
Nov., March
or
shady
April. Lift,
or
partially
soil
in
fresh
Mulch
"
triennially.
divide,
replant
annually in March
with
rotten
manure
"
"
"
"
with
decayed
CULTUEE
shady
border
manure.
OF
TENDEE
at base
of wall
SPECIES:
or
fence;
359
in
Po.sition,
pots standing in
shallow
of
enctolopjEdia
of
pans
Plant
in
when
times
as
soon
as
cool
in
water
frame
or
grown
ripe in
Pot, Feb.
dry weather,
in
freely outdoors
in pots. Repot annually. Propagate by
filled
or
1-16 in. deep in boxes
autumn
pans
"
sand,
"
placed in
cold frame
March.
or
March.
or
greenhouse.
Water
March.
gardening.
also
with
all
at
seeds
sown
equal
cool greenhouse;
"
Europe.
Rape
(Brassica napus). See Brassica.
Used
Hardy annual.
Raphanus
(Radish)."Ord. CruoiferiE.
white
and
1548.
introduced
Flowers,
First
extensively for salads.
white
shades.
crimson
and
round
oval,
or
purple; May. Roots, lone,
"
nary.
RADISH:
COMMON
Soil, Ught, ordiOF
first
"
last
border
for
south
sowing; cool,
Position, warm
for
first crop in
intermediate
Sow
for
partiallyshady ones
crops.
and
Bin.
1
in
drills
in.
or
Feb., either broadcast
deep
apart; succesuntil Oct.
at intervals of a month
eional crops in similar manner
Longfor summer.
" oval ones
rooted
kinds
best for spring sowing; round
Thin
when
to 1 in. apart. Water
three leaves form
copiouslyin dry
for
weather
Seed required, J oz.
square
yard,or \ oz. for a row 50 ft.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
with
Manures
4 in. of
fine
(1)J
oz.
mould,
kainit, 1
"
place
oz.
frame
o/er
it.
Sow
seeds
thinly,
with mould,
moisten
with tepid water, " keep close until
lightlycover
good
seedlingsappear, then admit air daily. Thin early to ensure
be made
in Dec,
second
in Jan., third in
First sowing should
roots.
Feb., and
to
use
March.
Long-rooted
as
CULTURE
Introduced
May,
when
fourth
in
advised
for outdoor
as
Apply stimulants
best
varieties
for forcing. Seeds
germinate in
for 5 to 10 years.
retain vegetative powers
3 to 5 days and
Crop
reaches
maturity in 5 to 6 weeks.
OF
SPANISH
RADISH
seeds in drUls 1 in. deep
CULTURE
Sow
:
Thin
" 6 in. apart in July or Aug.
seedlings when lin. high to 6 in.
directed
as
freelyin dry weather, " apply stimulants
apart. Water
Lift roots in Nov. " store in sand
for ordinary kinds.
in a cool shed
kinds.
required.
OF
RAT-TAILED
RADISH
(R. caudatus) : Nat. Java.
Sow seeds in drills lin. deep " 6 in. apart in April,
June.
Thin
to 6 in. apart when
1 in. high. Gather
seed pods
or
for
with
"
or
salads,
pickling,mixing
cooking eating,like
grown
1815.
asparagus.
Mabkbt
Cultubb:
Soil, light
rich.
860
Plough
or
dig
in
previous
MoyoLOP^DiA
autumn
sowing
5 tons
of stable
in 3 cwt.
harrow
GAiiDEI^Ilfd.
dp
dung
and
of kaiuit
2 cwt.
per
acre.
Before
i^
When
crop
superphosphate per
half grown
in.
1
in
drills
1
Sow
cwt.
soda
nitrate
of
apply
per acre.
" April for early crops;
May, June
deep and 1 ft. apart in Feb, March
" July for late crops.
beds
Roll light soil before sowing.
Sow also on hotbest
for
Jan. for very early crops.
outdoor
rooted
kinds
in
Long
Thin
early crops; turnip-rootedfor later ones.
crops early to 2 in.
weeks
after sowing; late
to
4
to
5
apart. Early crops ready
gather
weeks.
Market
12
6
in
small
bunches
to
roots, according to
ones,
(6
size and
and
sell
the
dozen
bunches.
by
Average price per
season),
dozen
bunches, 3d. to Is.
Average yield per acre,, 1,200 bunches.
Quantity of
ounce,
seed to sow
1,000. Time to
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
tail Radish), Java.
"
Raphiolepis
hardy evergreen
of
an
acre.
acre,
4 to 5
germinate,4 to 6
B.
satiTUs
pecks.
Number
of seeds
in
an
days.
Iladisli),Europe;
iCommon
oandatna
(Rat-
Ord.
Eosacese.
Half-hardy
(Indian Hawthorn).
introduced
1806.
shrubs.
First
flowering
"
CULTURE
" silver sand.
Position, S.
: Soil, equal parts peat, loam
S.W.
borders
for half-hardy species; sunny
walls, well-drained
rockeries
for hardy species. Plant, Sept., Oct.
sheltered
borders
or
into shape, April. Protect
halfPrune
shoots
or
April.
straggling
with mats
hurdles.
weatner
straw
or
hardy speciesin severe
POT
OF
CULTURE
HALF-HARDY
SPECIES:
Compost, as above.
in
cold
or
Position, well-drained
greenhouse
pit, Sept. to May ;
pots
Water
March.
Feb.
to
or
outdoors.
Pot,
place
Sept.
May
sunny
afterwards.
No
stimulants
to
quired.
reOct.,
copiously April
moderately
inserted
2
3
of
firm
in.
to
shoots,
by
long,
cuttings
Propagate
in compost oi equal parts sand, peat, " loam, under
bell-glassor handlight in cold frame, Aug. to Nov.
SPECIES;
R.
10 to 15 ft., Japan.
HARUT
japonica, -white, fragrant, summer,
HALF-HARDT
SPECIES:
i to
R. indioa
(Indian Ha-wthorn), white, summer,
"
ft., China.
Raspberry
(Rubus idaeus).See Rubus.
See Rubus.
Raspberry-Blackberry."
Rat's-tail
Cactus
(Cereus flagelliformis).See Cereus.
Radish
Rat-tailed
(Raphanus caudatus). See Raphanus,
Rattle-root
(Cimicifugaracemosa). See Cimicifuga.
Rattle-snake
Fern
(Botrychium virginianum). See Botry"
"
"
"
"
chium.
Rattle-snake
Ravenala
Plant
(G-oodyerapubescens). See Goodyera.
Stove
green
everTree). Ord. Scitaminacese.
(Traveller's
Orn.
Leaves,
large,
foliage.
perennials.
very
green.
CULTURE
:
Compost, two parts good loam, one part well-decayed
"
"
sand.
Position, pots, tubs, or beds in lofty sunny
to April. Water
Jan.
copiouslyFeb. to Oct,
plant,
about once
Syringe twice dailyFeb. to Sept.,
fortnightly afterwards.
Moist
lants
once
atmosphere essential. Apply stimudaily Sept. to Feb.
to Oct.
to
twice or three times
weekly, March
Temp., March
60" to 70.
Oct. 70" to 85" ; Oct. to March
Propagate by suckers removed
from
parent plant" placedin pots in temp. 75" to 85" any time of year.
CULTIYATED
guianensis, 10 to 15 ft.,S. America; madagaBcarensia
SPECIES
: R.
(Traveller's Tree), 10 to 15 ft., Madagascar.
Stove palm. Orn. foliage. Leaves,
Ord. Palmaceaa.
Ravenea.
1878.
First introduced
feather-shaped,green.
" sand.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould
Water
Pot, Feb. or March.
abundantly March
Position,shady, moist.
361
manure,
"
steve.
PoE
part
one
or
"
ENCYCLOPJiDIA
Oct.
to
afterwards.
moderately
GABDENtNti.
OF
March
Temp.,
Propagate by
60" to 65".
Sept. to March
of light soil in temp. 85" in March.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Hildebrandtii,
B.
seeds
to
10
Sept.70"
to
sown
85";
to
deep
in.
in
pots
Islands.
ft., Comoro
Ravenna.
Grass
(Erianthus Eavennae). See Erianthus.
Red
Alder
(Cunonia capensis). See Cunonia.
Red
Buckeye
(iEsciilus
Pavia). See JSsculus.
Red-bud
(Cercis canadensis). See Cercis.
Red
Californian
Cedar
(Libocedrusdecurrens). See
"
"
"
"
"
Libo-
cedrus.
Red
Red
Red
Red
Cedar
Currant.
Eibes.
amabilis). See
See
"
Fir
(Abies
Helleborine
Abies.
"
See CepUalauthera.
(Cephalauthera rubra).
Red-hot-poker-plant
(KniphoHa aloides)."See Kniphofia.
Red-ink-plant
(Phytolacca decandra). See Phytolacca.
Red
Maple
(Acer rubrum). See Acer.
Red
Oak
(Quercus rubra). See Quercus.
Red
Osier
(Salix rubra)." See Salix.
Red-root
(Ceanothus americanus). See Ceanothus.
Red
Side-saddle-flOVtfer
See Sar(Sarraceuia rubra).
"
"
"
"
"
"
racenia.
Red
Star
Red
Valerian
Red-veined
Reed
Grass
Reed
Mace
Rehmannia.
herb.
First
Lily
"
"
"
"
Ord.
Scrophulariacese.
introduced
1835.
"
Half-hardy pcrenuial
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
: Soil, moist
sandy peat. Position, partially
at base of walls running E. " W.
borders
or
or
Plant, March
Mulch
April. Water
freelyin dry weather.
liberallywith cocoanutfibre refuse or decayed manure
in April. In cold districts it is best to
lift plants in Oct. ; place in pots " store in cold frame
or
pit until
followingMarch, then plant out.
POT
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts sandy peat, one
part leafmould.
Position, well-drained
pots in cold frame, pit, or greenhouse.
Water
Pot, Feb. or March.
wards.
liberally
April to Oct., moderately afterweak
stimulants
week
a
once
Apply
during floweringperiod.
Shade
from
essential.
bright sun
Propagate by cuttings of stout,
2
in.
3
to
in
shoots,
handhealthy
long,
sandy soil under bell-glass
or
shady
light,in
cold
frame
or
greenhouse, July
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Japan.
Reineckea.
R.
"
sinensis,
to
Oct.
purpfe,April,
Ord.
Liliaceae.
Hardy
foliage. First introduced
to
herbaceous
ft., China
perennial.
orn.
1792.
Flowering
Leaves
or
striped with creamy
yellow.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary g;ood. Position, sunny
rockeries
variegatedvariety as edgings to borders.
Plant, March
"
Japan
Rein
replantevery
three
Propagate by division
CULTIVATED;
carnea
11.
or
of
ciivnoa,
four
green,
or
ders;
bor-
April.
copiouslyin dry
or
AVater
in March
or
April.
pink, fragrant, April, 6 in., China
and
years.
creepingrhizomes
varicgata, variegated.
Orchis
and
See
(Habonaria eiliaris).
"
302
Habeuaria.
ENCYOLOPJEDIA
Reinwardtia
OF
(East
Indian
GARDENING.
Flax; Winter
Greenhouse
Flax)." Ord.
shrubs.
First
evergreen
floweringCULTURE
;
"
Compost, equal parts loam
March
or
April. Prune previous year's shoots
base in Feb. or March.
Position, warm
Linaceae.
1779.
introduced
little sand.
Pot,
1 in. of their
to within
greenhouse Sept. to June, cold
frame
times.
June
Sept.
to
peat,
Water
sunny
other
Syringe twice
when
in flower.
occasionally
daily Feb.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
K.
tetrag-yna, yello-w, -winter, 3 ft.;
Linum
3 It. .Both
ti-igynum), yellow, autumn,
natives
of India.
Renanthera.
Orchidaceae.
Ord.
"
Stove
trigyna
epiphytal
(Syn.
A
orchids.
introduced
1816.
blocks of wood
or
of dead
stems
tree ferns
wire.
twice
roots
March
to Oct.,
Syringe
daily
copper
about
Shade
afterwards.
once
a week
from
mid-day svin ; expose fully
to light other
times.
to Oct. ; resting period,
Growing period,March
Oct. to March.
March
to
65"
60"
to 85"; Sept.to March
Temp.,
Sept.
to 70".
division
of
time.
at
Propagate by
pseudo-bulbs potting
by
of
means
SPECIES
8
CULTIVATED
11.
coecinea,
orange,
red, and
crimson,
summer,
to
ft., Burma.
Reseda
(Mignonette).
"
annual.
First
Ord. Eesedaceae.
introduced
1752.
perennial,but usually
grown
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary, containing old mortar
or
slaked lime.
seeds
Sow
Position, sunny
beds, borders, or rockeries.
in March
or
rows
or
I in. deep in masses
April. Thin seedlings when
1 in. high to 2 or 3 in. apart. Water
lants
freely in summer.
Apply stimuas
an
occasionallywhen
in flower.
In
warm,
the
survive
INDOOR
manure,
flowering,July
Aug.
or
winter
for
5 or 6 seeds
J in. of rim, sow
in temp. 55" to 65".
When
in
Fill
spring.
"
each,
cover
with
leaf-mould, dried
April for summer
3 in.
pots to within
soil," place
1-16 in. of
seedlingsare
Pot
to
firmly "
"
"
annually.
Repot
bloom.
SPECIES
R.
CULTIVATED:
odorata
Africa, Egypt.
See Ononis.
Harrovw.
Rest
Orchidaceae.
Ord.
Restrepia.
1 to
white,
summer,
ft., N.
"
Stove
"
ntroduced
CULTURE
epiphytalorchids.
First
1837.
:
Compost, sphagnum
of wood
suspended xrom
of plant, then another
Place
roof.
of
layer moss,
363
moss
"
secure
with
copper
wire.
Water
abundantly March
two
Syringe blocks
w'inter "
or
Nov.
Temp.,
Propagate by division,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
E.
maculata,
yellow, purple and
and
crimson, winter, Colombia.
Resurrection
to
45"
March
Feb.
from
Shade
to
autumn.
55-' to 60".
GARDENING.
OF
EXCTCLOPMDIA
55"; March
to
sun.
daily
once
in
Nov.
to
March.
to
(AnastaticaHierochuntica).
Plant
"
See
Anas-
tatica.
Retinospora,.
Cupressus.
See
"
"
Rhamnus
Hardy evergreen
(Buckthorn). Ord. Rhamnaceas.
deciduous
trees " shrubs.
CULTURE;
or
shady shrubberies;
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
Prune, Feb.
Propagate
Plant, Oct. to March.
good seaside shrubs.
outdoors
in
outdoors
in autumn;
sown
cuttings inserted
by seeds
"
March.
angustifoliu8 variegatus, IcaTes
green
catharticus
and
(Buckthorn), 5 to
white,
Europe;
ft.,
10
Europe
ft., deciduous,
Europe
(Britain) ; frangula, 5 to 10 ft., deciduous,
foliage, deciduous, Asia Minor.
(Britain); libanoticus, 4 to 6 ft., pretty autumnal
Greenhouse
Rhapis
(Ground Rattan
Cane). Ord. Palmaceae.
First
introduced
1774.
Leaves, fan-shaped,
palms. Orn. foliage.
striped with white.
green ; variety,green
CULTURE:
part decayed leafCompost, two parts rich loam, one
mould
" sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in greenhouse or dwellingWater
Pot, Feb. or March.
during sunmer.
room,
copiouslyApril
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
occasionally
Apply weak stimulants
Place
small
during summer.
lumps of sulphate of iron on surface
of soil to ensure
deep healthy green foliage. Shade from sun essential.
times.
other
to
once
Syringe twice daily in summer,
Temp., March
45" to 55".
Sept. 55" to 65"; .Sept.to March
Propagate by seeds sown
1 iu. deep in light soil in temp, of 80" in Feb.
suckers
March;
moved
reor
soil iu
ordinary
SPECIES
CULTIVATKD:
10 to 20
E.
Alatcrnus
S.W.
evergreen,
"
in
April or
SPECIES
August.
OULTIVATED:
shaped,
Roots,
green.
OP
CULTURE
sunny,
3 ft.
with
apart
in
divide,
in
first year.
Cover two
place fresh
strong roots
"
in
"
place
Temp.,
55"
old
to
best
tree
75".
with
crowns
stalks
pots
in
corners
Forcing
or
season,
for
Nov.
to
in. below
March.
should
of
tion,
Posi-
surface,
Top-dress
soil.
Lift,
be
gathered
appear.
Foecing
headless
or
leaves over
these
close together in
or
1573.
surface
directlythey
stems
greenhouse,
warm
No
years.
them
houses, with
mushroom
crowns
in Nov., Feb.,
Feb., forking it into
or
raaaure
"
with
ft. asunder,
Nov.
every four
flower
Remove
old
more
year
or
introduced
Soil,light,deep, rich.
single roots
replant
"
staging
lovfs
First
RHUBARB,"
Plant
open.
manure
large, fleshy.
EDIBLE
casks
or
the
;
tubs,
Roots,
two
to
five
forcing. Reject
forcing. Chemical
2oz.
kainit, 3oz.
superphosphate, i oz. iron sulphate to
1 gall, of water
applied at intervals of a fortnight during growth
(Griffiths).Propagate by seeds sown
J in. deep in ordinary soil outdoors
years
Manures;
in
March
attached, Nov.
or
roots
April; by division
to Feb.
364
of
after
roots
vpith
crowns
or
buds
inserted
or
SPECIES
reddish
CULTIVATED
purple,
Tolubile
E.
10
8ummer,
GAUDBNING.
OF
BNOYCLOPJSDIA
to
15
in
sandy
Lophosperaium
(Syn.
soil under
bell-
atrosanguincam),
ft., Mexico.
green
Rhododendron.
Ord.
Ericaceae.
Greenhouse, " hardy evercluded
inis
Azalea
now
and deciduous
The
flowering shrubs.
genus
with the Rhododendron.
E. ponticum, parent of hardy kinds,
first introduced
1763; E. indica
(Indian Azalea) 1808.
two
OP
CULTUEE
EHODODENDEONS
GEEENHOUSE
; Compost,
Position, well-drained
parts turfy peat, one part silver sand.
pots or
tubs indoors
from
all the year round
for stove kinds ; pots indoors
Sept.
to June;
outdoors
bed of cinder ashes in sunny
on
position;June to
ing.
Pot, April or May, directlyafter flowerSept. for greenhouse kinds.
Eain
water
Water
freely April to Oct., moderately afterwards.
preferable; water
containing lime injurious. Apply a little artificial
"
surface
to
manure
of
three or four
every
to March
; 70 to 80"
Sept. to March;
CULTUEE
free from
sunny
kinds
soil when
years.
March
55" to 65"
OP
HAEDY
lime,
to
for
stove
Sept.
EHODODENDEONS:
soil
mixed
with
peat.
borders
" shrubberies
rookeries
for dwarf
for tall kinds ; sunny
like E. hirsutum, E. chamaecistus, E. ferrugineum, etc.
Plant,
to
6 ft.
Water
with
choice kinds
2 to 3 in. of
flower
flowers annually thin out
cow
to
show.
for
Sept. ;
March
ordinary
or
buds
Temp.,
seed
Prune, April. Eomove
Mulch
copiously in dry weather.
in May.
To ensure
decayed manure
buds
freely in April. Apply liquid
occasionallyduring
manure
CULTUEE
THE
OP
INDIAN
apart.
summer.
AZALEA
: Compost, three
parts peat,
"
equal proportions of leaf-mould
silver sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in sunny
greenhouses from
Oct. to June;
in partial shade
outdoors
June
to Sept. Eepot directly
after
Prune
flowering. Firm
only to shorten
potting essential.
straggly growths. Syringe daily after flowering till plants are stood
outdoors.
Water
moderately Oct. to March, afterwards
freely,never
when
flower
allowing roots to get dry. Apply weak
liquid manure
buds
form.
45" to 55"; March
65".
to June
Temp., Oct. to March
Eemove
seed pods directlythey form.
CULTUEE
OP
AZALEA
Etc. :
PONTICA,
Soil, sandy peat "
one
part
loam
"
one
part
of
leaf-mould.
Position, beds
on
in groups
of
in
or
front
lawn;
shrubberies.
Plant
in autumn.
No
Eemove
pruning required.
seed pods directlythey form.
Mulch
annually in winter with decayed
manure.
in dry weather.
Supply freely with water
May also be
in pots in cool greenhouses,
forced into flower early in temp.
or
grown
65" to 75" in winter.
Plants grown
in pots should be kept under
glass
till July, then
be stood outdoors
till November, vi'hen remove
to cold
house
frame.
or
Syringe foliage after floweringtill placed outdoors.
Eepot every
second
directlyafter
flowering.
:
Propagate rhododendrons
of
surface
on
by seeds sown
with
sandy peat, slightly covered
fine sand, placed under
bell-glassin temp. 55" to 65" if stove
or
if hardy. Cover
kinds, in cold frame
with
bell-glass"
Also by cuttings of firm shoots, 3 in,
eep moderately moist.
long,
inserted in sandy peat under
bell-glassin temp. 45" to 55" at first,
PBOPAaATioN
OF
year
Ehododendbons,
Etc.
freonhouse
366
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
then
10"
OF
GARDENING.
By
grafting on
Indian
March.
halffor
of
seeds
advised
as
rhododendrons;
by
cuttings
bellheel
inserted
in pots of sandy peat under
ripened shoots with a
in
65"
deciduous
to 75" in spring; also by grafting. Hardy
glass temp.
azaleas by seeds sown
advised
for rhododendrons;
as
cuttings of halfing
ripenedshoots inserted in sandy peat in a cold frame in August; layershoots in spring; graftingin spring.
common
azaleas
GEEENHOUSE
winter,
yarious
SPECIES:
EVERGllBEN
colours,
B. balsaminajflorum,
i ft., hybrid;
brookianum,
yellow, spring, 3 to 4 ft.; Dalhousise,
orange
and
and
yellow,
spring, 6 ft., Himalayas;
Edgeworthii, white
green,
yellow
or
fragrant, June, 6 ft., Himalayas;
Falconeri, white
yellow. May, 8 to 10 ft.,
and
white
Himalayas; formosum,
grande,
rose, fragrant, spring, 6 ft., Himalayas;
indicum
white, spring, 10 to 15 ft., Himalayas;
indica), various,
(Syn. Azalea
winter
indicum
and
amoena),
amcenum
spring, 6 to 10 ft., China;
(Syn. Azalea
ro""eflorum, pink, double; griffithiana (Syn. U.
pink, 3 to 6 ft., spring; indicum
jasminiilorum, pink,
Auoklandii), whit", yellow, and rose. May, 6 ft,, Himalayas;
4 ft., Java;
3 ft., Java;
Maddeni, blush,
javanicum,
summer,
summer,
orange,
2 ft., Sumatra;
6 to
10
multicolor, yellow, autumn,
summer,
ft., Himalayas;
10 to 15 ft., Himalayas;
white, fragrant,
Kuttallii, sulphur. May,
veitchianum,
spring, 6 ft.,Burma;
Wightii, yellow and crimson, June, 6 to 10 ft., Himalayas;
also
trade
lists.
4 ft., hybrid.
See
Taylori, pink, summer,
R.
HARDT
EVERGREEN
SPECIES
white, rose, and
red, spring,
arboreum,
:
20 to 30
ft., India;
lilac, rose,
April, 6 to 10 ft., Himalayas;
campanulatum,
cataubiense, lilac, purple, July, 6 to 10 ft., Virginia; cauoasicum,
purple, Aug.,
1 ft., Caucasus;
ferrugineum (Alpine Rose), scarlet, June, 18 in., Alps; ponticum,
parent of hardy race, purple. May, 10 to 15 ft., Spain, Asia, etc.; racemosum,
and
white
HARDT
pink,
April, 3 ft., N.
DECIDUOUS
China.
SPECIES
R.
See
also
lists.
trade
(Syn. Azalea
calendulaceum
calendulacea),
yellow and
red. May, 6 ft., U. States; flavum
(Syn. Azalea
pontica),yellow, June,
6 ft.,Caucasus;
nudiflorum
nudiflora), yellow, white, pink and orange,
(Syn. Azalea
mollis),white, orange,
June, 3 ft., Canada, Florida, etc.; sinense (Syn. Azalea
etc.,
June,
white,
ft.,China
fragrant,
and
Japan
summer,
; viscosum
ft., N.
Rhodothamnus
(Syn. Azalea
America.
See
(Ground Gistus^
"
First introduced
flowering shrub.
: Soil, equal parts peat, loam
evergreen
CULTUEE
between
pieces of limestone
Water
freelyin dry weather.
for rhododendron.
advised
as
SPECIES
C QLTIVATED
6 in., Austrian
R.
viacosa). Swamp
also
trade
Ord.
Honeysuckle,
lists.
Ericaceae.
1786.
" sand.
Hardy
Position, fissures
or
Plant, March
April.
"
seeds,
by
cuttings
Propagate
layering
on
rockeries:
chamreeistus
(Syn. Rhododendron
Chamjecistus),
Alps.
pink, spring,
"
Water
moderately. Transfer
plantsin temp. 55" to 65" in Jan.
outdoors
after
flowering. Propagate by
position
plants to sunny
cuttingsof young shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted in sandy soil under
layering shoot."!
bell-glassor hand-light or in cold frame in summer;
Place
in
Oct.
R.
CULTIVATED:
"
Position, pots
or
tubs
in moist
shady greenhouse
or
conservatory.
"
3"S
Pot^
gardening.
of
encyclofyEdia
Water
March.
dr
CULTIVATED:
B.
Baueri
(Syn. Areoa
Baneri), 10 to 20 ft., Norfolk
Zealand.
Kentia
or
sapida (Syn. Areca
sapida), 10 to 20 ft., New
Rhubarb
(Eheum rhaponticum).^-See Bheum.
Rhus
Plant; Wig Tree; Stag's-horn Suma";h).
(Sumach; Smoke
Ord.
Anacardiaceae.
Hardy deciduous trees. Flowering " orn. foliage.
1629.
First introduced
Leaves,
Foliage nicely tinted in autumn.
SPECIES
Island;
"
entire, or
once
CULTURE
Plant,
Oct.
Feb.
to
others
divided, green.
Soil, ordinary.
Prune
Position, sunny
borders
or
shrubberies.
ing;
bloom-
after
in
Dec.
Nov.
or
Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots,
in ordinary soil in cold frame
6 to 8iu. long, inserted
under
handor
to
Oct.
in.
Nov.
in.
2
to
3
.3
lon^, planted
light,
; cuttingsof roots,
deep
in sandy soil, Oct. or Nov. ; layeringshoots in autumn.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
E.
canadensis, yellow, April, 6 to 8 ft., N. America;
eotinoides
Smoke
rich
(American
assume
Tree), yellow, April, 6 to 8 ft., leaves
S.U.
tints in autumn,
States; cotinus
(Smoke Plant, or \\'\% Tree, or Venetian
and
Sumach), purple, June, 6 ft., inflorescence
foliage richly tinted in autumn,
cotinus
Europe;
atropurpurea, foliage purplish; glabra (Smooth
Sumach), yellow,
June, 10 to 15 ft., U. States ; glabra laciniata, leaves finely cut, scarlet
tinted in
autumn;
typhina (Stag's-horn Sumach), yellow, June, 10 to 20 ft., V. States.
Rhyncospermum."
Ribbon-fern
See
Trachelospermum.
(Pterisserrulata).
See
a
rundinacea
(Phalaris
Red
" Black
Currant;
deciduous
fruit-bearing"
Hardy
gacese.
black, red,
Pteris.
"
Ribbon-gfrass
Ribes
(White,
variegata).
See Fhalaris.
Ord. SaxifraBerries,
flowering shrubs.
"
Gooseberry).
"
white.
CULTURE
OF
BLACK
CURRANT
(R. nigrum) ; Soil, good ordinary.
Position, sunny.
Plant, 5 ft. apart each way, Nov. to Feb.
Prune, Nov.
to Feb., thinning out old shoots only. Fruit
borne
shoots of preon
vious
growth
"
CULTURE
album).
N. walls
each way.
on
OP
older
RED
ones.
AND
WHITE
CURRANT:
Pruning
Allow
as
many
current
R.
for
rubrum
"
early crops
Feb., 5 to
year's shoots
to
r.
gainst
6 ft.
as
R.
apart
are
quired
re-
to form
branches
to remain, " shorten
remainder
lin.
to within
of their base in June
or
the selected shoots to 4, 6, or
July. Shorten
8 in., according to shape of tree, between
Nov. " Feb.
Cut out old
distorted
branches
or
at same
time.
centres
of trees well open.
Keep
Fruit borne on base of previous years " older shoots
only
CULTURE
OF GOOSEBERRY
(E. grossularia) : Soil,good ordinary.
for early
Position, sunny
crops ; against N. or E. -n-allsfor late crops.
Plant, Nov. to Feb., 5 to 6ft. apart each way.
Pruning: Shorten all
weak
shoots of current
year's growth to within 1 iu. of base in June
July.
or
to 4 or 6
in July.
Thm
in.
MANURES
cow,
horse,
ifitosurface
out
remaining
Shorten
shoots in winter;
side shoots of trees
grown
FOR
shortening those
against
walls
to
left
1 in.
CURRANTS
AND
GOOSEBERRIES:
(1)Decayed
in antumn,
pig dung applied liberally
" forked
li"'ht]y
of ground.
(2) IJoz. each of superphosphate of lime ^
or
?63
EXCrCLOP.EDIA
kainit
GABDENMO.
OF
" 1 oz.
of jiitrate of soda
yard appliedin autumn,
per
yard, applied in spring. (3) 1 oz. nitrate of soda, i oz. each
of sulphate of iron "
sionally
superphosphate, to 1 gall,of water applied occa-
per
square
square
during
Market
over
gravel
valleysfor
an
under
of
trees
summer.
Cultube
or
Soil, moist
chalk
for
red
black currants
for others.
; higher land
in mixed
Distance
to
plantations.
plant
to
cultivation
an
1,210.
acre,
manure,
"5;
Cost
loam
gooseberries. Position,
and
crop
sites, J67
currants;
black
for
loam
currants
of trees
Usually
plant,6 ft.
per
acre,
grown
Number
as
iS12; preparing
10s.
Cost
of
Manures:
20
3J cwt.
bone-meal
annum
"
in autumn
stable manure
or
winter; or
per acre
in
and
and
kainit
cwt.
IJ cwt.
acre
winter,
IJ
per
nitrate of soda when
fruit has set.
OF
CULTURE
FLOWERING
CURRANTS:
Soil, ordinary. Posi
Feb.
Prune
to
Oct.
tion, sunny.
Riant,
directlyafter floweringonly,
with
in
autumn.
decayed manure
Propagate by seeds sown
Top-dress
in
in
in.
fine
soil
outdoors
deep
Sept. or Oct. ; by cuttings
ordinary
J
in ordinary soil outdoors,
Oct. to Feb.; by
6 to .Sin. long, inserted
in
Feb.
Nov.
to
suckers,
autumn;
layering
K.
FKUITING
SPECIES:
Hemispliere ; nigrum
grossularia (Gooseberry), N.
rubtum
rubrum
(Black Currant), N. Europe;
(Eed Currant), N. Hemisphere;
album
(White Currant).
E.
FLOWERING
SPECIES:
anreum
(Buifalo Currant), yellow, April, 6 to 8 ft.,
N.
America;
gordonianum,
yellow and red, April and May, 6 to 8 ft., hybrid;
Bang:uineum (Flowering- Currant), rose. May, 6 to 8 ft., California; and its varieties,
album
(rose), and
(White), atrorubens
(red), atrosanguinea (dark red), carneum
flore pleno (double).
carneum
Fuchsia
Riccarton's
(Fuchsia Eiccartoni). ^See Fuchsia.
tons
of
"
Rice-flower
See
Pimelea.
(Pimelea elegans).
papyrifera). See Fatsia.
(Fatsia
Rice's
Acacia
(Acacia riceana). See Acacia.
Richardia
(Arum or Calla Lily; Lily of the Nile).--Ord. Aroideae.
Greenhouse
herbaceous
perennials.
OP
R. AFRICANA
CULTURE
(Arum Lily): Compost, equal parts
silver sand.
"
Position, greenhouse or
coarse
loam, cow
manure,
of year.
nually
Repot andwelling-room, Oct. to May; outdoors remainder
in Aug or Sept. Water
to
March, freelyMarch
moderately Sept
to May.
Apply stimulants once a week during floweringperiod. Plant
15 in. apart in ordinary rich soil in sunny
positionoutdoors in May,
in
lift and
repot in Aug. or Sept., singly 5 or 6 in. pots. Supply freely
Suitable
when
outdoors.
in dry weather
with water
stimulants, ^ oz.
1 teaspoonful of Albert's
or
of Peruvian
Clay'smanures,
J oz.
guano,
to 1 gall, of water.
nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia
Temp.,
to May 50" to 60".
40" to 55" ; March
Sept. to March
SPECIES:
OTHER
for E. afriOP
as
CULTURE
Compost, same
remainder
of
Position, greenhouse, Oct. to June ; cold frame
cana.
Water
in Feb.
Feb. to April "
moderately
annually
Repot
year.
Apply
Aug. to Oct., freelyApril to Aug.; keep nearly dry Oct. to Feb.
55" to 65" ;
stimulants
during flowering period. Temp., Oct. to March
to Oct. 65" to 75".
March
^ in. deep in loam,
Propagate by seeds sown
" sand, in temp. 65" to 75" in spring; division
of plants
leaf-mould
suckers
removed
at
outdoors
or
repotting;
when
planting
pottingtime.
Rice-paper
"
Plant
"
"
gPECIES
PptrfTT^ATSP:
afrioana
369
and
of
enoyclopjEdia
gardening.
albo-maculata,
africana
dwarf;
compaota,
nana
spring, 3 to 4 ft., S. Africa;
yellow, Aug.,
elliotiana,
2 ft., loaTes
white, summer,
spotted white, S. Africa;
18
3 ft., S.
in., 8. Africa;
Africa;
melanoleuca,
yellow and
purple, summer,
Eehmannii,
2 ft., S. Africa;
rosy
reutlandii, ricti yellow and
purple, summer,
3 ft.. Natal.
purple, summer,
Jacob's
Ladder
Richardson's
(Polcmonium Eichard^See
Polemonium
soni).
Ricinus
(Castor Oil Plant). Ord. Euphorbiaceac. Half-hardy
annual
1548.
herb.
Orn. foliage. First introduced
Flowers, insignificant.
"
"
CULTURE
purplish.
Sow
few
hours
of 70"
OUTDOOR
CULTURE
Sow
seeds " transplant into small pots as
:
frame
Transfer
Plant
to cold
or
out,
pit in May to harden.
June.
beds or borders.
Position, sunny
SPECIES
E.
CULTIVATED:
3 to 6 ft., Trop. Africa, and
its seTeral
communis,
varieties, Gibsonii, zanzibarensis, etc.
Fern
Rigfid Shield
(Nephrodium rigidum). See Nephrodium.
River-side
WindfloWer
See Anemone.
(Anemone rivularis)."
RIvina
(Blood Berry; Rouge Berry; Rouge Plant)." Ord. Phytolaccaceae.
Stove
berry-bearing plants.
Pretty for table
evergreen
decoration.
First introduced
Flowers
1699.
succeeded
by scarlet
berries.
CULTURE
"
:
Compost, equal parts leaf-mould
sandy loam, half
a
Position, small, well-drained
part silver sand.
pots iu light part
of stove, Sept. to June;
cold sunny
frames, June to Sept. Pot, Feb.
Water
March.
or
freelyApril to Oct., moderately afterwards.
Apply
weak
stimulants
from
Shade
Best
sun.
occasionallyOct. to Feb.
results
obtained
by raising plants from seed or cuttings annually.
1-16 in. deep in well-drained
Propagate by seeds sown
pots or shallow
of
soil
in
55"
to
good
65",
light
temp.
placed
spring; cuttings of
pans
shoots
inserted
in
March
in
Feb.,
small pots of light
or
April
young
sandy soil in temp, of 65" to 75", spring.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: R.
liumilis,white, June, 1 to 2 ft.,Caribbean
Islands.
above.
"
Roast-beef-plant
(Irisfoetidissima)."See Iris.
Robinia
(FalseAcacia; Locust Tree).^Ord. Leguminosae. Hardy
deciduous
First introduced
flowering trees " shrubs.
1640.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
well-drained
borders
" shrubberies.
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
to
Rose
Feb.
Prune, Nov.
Acacia
(R. hispida)may be grown
against S. or W. walls, side shoots
being pruned
choice
March
annually
varieties by
kinds
; other
Nov. or March;
soil in sheltered
1 in.
to
grafting
by seeds
cuttingsof
on
of
base, Nov.
common
i in.
sown
shoots,
position outdoors
6 to
Dec.
or
Propagate
species (R. pseudacacia) iu
deep in ordinary soil outdoors,
Sin. long, inserted in ordinary
in
autumn
removed
from
; suckers
" planted Oct. or Nov.
Nor
; lavering, Sept. or
CULT^IVATED:
SPECIES
R.
hispida (Hose
Jlav
C
S
ft
to
rose,
S.U.
States;
hispida merrais,
witliout
prickles; uscmlacacia
iLooint
TreeFahe
Acacia), white, April, 30 to 50 ft., E.U. States; and its varieties, aurea
(sroldeibesaoniana
leaved) and
(round headed) ; deoaisneana
(pink-flowered) etc
parent
tree
A5aoia)f
Robinson's
Iris
Rocambol."
See
(Morsea robiusonij^ua)."
See Mora-a.
AUium,
37Q
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Rochea..
Ord.
1795.
"
First
introduced
CULTURE
:
GAUDENINO.
OF
Crassulacese.
plants.
succulent
Greenliovise
in March
water;
then
inserted
SPECIES
in
June, July, or
greenhouse
shelf
0ULTITATJ3D
white, spring,
also
sand.
or
placed on
See
river
"
manure
the
Rock
Rock
to
R.
"
Aug.
in well-drained
pots
little
have
"
for
of
few
days,
sandy soil,
given
coccinea,
in., S. Africa;
Crassula.
genus
Brake-fern
Broom
"
Rock
Rock
and Aubrietia.
Rock
Daphne
(Daphne rupestris).See Daphne.
Rockfoil.
See Saxifraga.
Rock
Forg^et-me-not
(Omphalodes Luciliee).See Omphalodes.
Rock
Gromwell
(Lithosperum petraeum). See Lithospermum.
See
Androsace.
Rock
Jasmine.
Rock
Knot-vweed
(Polygonum vaccinifolium). See Polygonum.
Rock
Larkspur
(Delphinium ajacis). See Delphinium.
Rock
Lychnis
Lagascas). See Lychnis.
(Lychnis
Rock
Mad-wort
(Alyssum saxatile).See Alyssum.
Rock
Navel-Vtfort
(Omphalodes Lucilise).See Omphalodes.
Rock
Pink
(Dianthus petraeus).^See Dianthus.
Rock
Purslane
(Calandriniaumbellata). See Calandrinia.
Rock
Rose.
See Cistus.
Rock
Soap-wort
(Saponariaocymoides). See Saponaria.
Rock
Speedwell
(veronica saxatilis " V. rupestris).See
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Veronica.
Rock
Rock
Rock
Rock
Rock
Rocky
Spieenvwort
Stonecrop
Wallflower
Wood-Lily
Yarrow
Mountain
"
"
"
"
Aquilegia.
Roasters'
Rodgersia.
Rodg^ersia
Bronze-leaf
very large,
CULTDRE:
or
litter.
See
"
"
bronzy green.
Compost,
Protect
two
parts peat,
Plant, March
border.
partially-shaded
dry
podophylla).
herbaceous
weather.
(Rodgersia
in
Propagate by
one
weather
division of rhizomes,
severe
371
part
loam.
April. Water
with covering of
or
March
or
Position,
freely in
fern
frondp
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
China
2 to 3 ft.,
pinnata, yellowish white, summer,
3 ft., Japan.
ui
i
Stove
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
epiphytal orchias.
R.
Rodrig'Uezia.
GAltVMlNO.
OP
ENOYCLOPJSbtA
"
summer,
1829.
First introduced
ot
Position, blocks
CULTURE:
only.
Compost, sphagnum moss
in
baskets,
blocks
or
wood
baskets
or
suspended from roof. Place on
to Sept.; moderately other
Feb.
Water
March.
or
freely, March
Moist atmosphere very essential in summer.
Shade
from
times.
sun.
60" to 70".
50" to 60"; Feb.
Propagate
to Oct.
Temp., Oct. to Feb.
by division of pseudo-bulbs at pottingtime.
R.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Candida, white and yellow, April and May, 1 ft.,
and June, 1 ft., Brazil; fragrans, white
white. May
Brazil; decora, rose, red, and
yellow,
and
yellow, April and May, fragrant, Brazil; venusta, white, pink and
"various periods, Brazil.
house
Roella
Harebell). Ord. Campanulacese. Green(South African
"
First
shrubs.
evergreen
CULTURE
: Compost,
sand.
Position, pots in
introduced
1774.
loam
" a fair quantity of
ec(ualparts
peat
of
"
greenhouse. Pot, March.
light dry part
" give very little in
"
Water
summer,
very carefullyduring spring
be
the
winter.
and
foliage must
autumn
or
wetting
Syringing
at
in
"
Ventilate
summer
moderately
at all seasons.
avoided
freely
Remove
winter.
"
autumn
essential
in
other
times.
Dry atmosphere
"
in autumn
that form
flowers directlythey fade; also all blooms
60".
50"
to
to
40"
to
45";
to
winter.
Sept.
April
April
Temp., Sept.
Propagate by cuttings of strong shoots 2 in. long, inserted in moist
from
sand in a temp. 58" in spring. Shade
sun.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
elcg-ans,blue, spring,
Roman
of
R.
8
ciliata,white
"
and
purple,
summer,
ft., S. Africa;
in., S. Africa.
Hyacinth
(Hyacinthus
orientalis
albulus).
"
See
Hyacinthus.
Ord.
Hydrophyllaceae.
(Sitcha Water-leaf).
First
introduced
1873.
herb.
Hardy perennial
CULTURE
rockery.
: Soil,ordinary.
Position, sunny ledgesof sunny
March
March
or
Plant,
or
April.
April. Propagate by division,
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
: R.
sitohensis,white, spring, 3 to 4 in., Sitcha.
Tree
or
(White Bush
Romneya
Poppy). Ord.
Papaveraceae.
1875.
Half-hardy perennial. First introduced
CULTURE
INDOOR
:
Compost, equal parts, peat, leaf-mould, "
sand.
Pot,
Position, well-drained
pots in light cold greenhouse.
March
or
moderately, April to Oct. ; keep nearly dry
April. Water
stimulants
No
afterwards.
required. Repot annually. Propagate
of
fine sandy peat in well-drained
seeds
on
sown
by
compost
pots or
in
55"
under
in
bell-glass
temp.
spring.
pans
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
Position, well-drained
Soil,
peat.
elevated border at base of S. wall, or sheltered sunny
rockery. Plant,
in
Protect
weather
with
or
severe
April
May.
covering of fern or
litter.
4 to 6 ft., California.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: R.
Coulteri,white, summer,
Ord.
Iridaceae.
Romulea.
Greenhouse
or
half-hardy bulbous
1739.
plants. First introduced
CULTURE
Position,
OF HARDY
SPECIES
: Soil, lightrich sandy.
well-drained
border.
Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing tubers 4 in.
sunny
surface
deep " 2 in. apart. Lift " replant tubers annually. Mulch
of bed in March
with cow
manure.
CULTURE
OF
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
; Compost, two
parts sandy
in
loam, one
o-r
Pots, -IJ-iu.
decayed cow-manure.
pail leaf-mould
Romanzoffia
"
"
sandy
"
372
ENCYCLOPJEDIA
vigour. Teas
remaining ones
CULTURE
"
foot
or
weak
out
Soil
ROSES:
againstwalls, fences,
to
arbours,
shorten
freely,"
shoots
according
so,
CLIMBING
OF
Position,
Thin
Noisettes:
to
GARDENING.
OF
strength.
as
advised
dwarfs.
for
trunks,
pergolas,arches, tree
in
plant,
old
Cut
Rambler
or
Pruning:
Type:
Nov., or
away
flowering shoots after blooming, " thin out dead or weakly growths
the
out
in April; no
further
pruning required. Bauksian
type: Thm
of
size
to
shoots
to
add
plant directly
only not required
strong young
shoots.
small
older or
not
Teas,
after
remove
flowering. Do
as
climbers, to have old
Noisettes, Hybrid Teas, Singles, etc., grown
weak
after blooming, dead
out
or
growths
flowering shoots thinned
removed
in April,
" the soft, unripeued tips of shoots cut off at same
trellises, pillars,etc.
in
Oct.
time.
weak
Distance
apart
to
to
6 ft.
Plant
March.
have
for
Soil " planting as advised
OF
WEEPING
ROSES
CULTURE
:
" old
Distance
weak
out
dwarfs.
to plant, 10ft.
Pruning: Thin
soft, unripened ends of shoots only.
growths in March, " rfemove
Cow
MANURES
FOR
ROSES:
or
pig dung for light soils; horse
for heavy ones.
manure
Top-dresswith above directly after pruning,
" lightlyfork in.
Suitable
artificial manures
: (1)Superphosphate of
81b.; sulphate of
lime, 481b.; potash, 401b.; sulphate of magnesia,
Mix
iron, 41b.; sulphate of lime (gypsum), 321b.; total, 1321b.
"
the
of
at
rate
Jib.
yard
thoroughly together,
apply
per square
One
dose per annum
sufficient.
(2) Dissolve
directly after pruning.
of
and
phate
of
ammonia;
J oz. sullime; Joz. sulphate
^oz. superphosphate
water.
Apply above quantity to each tree
form
till flowers
buds
once
a
develop. Liquid sootalso
for
outdoors
in pots.
"
cow
roses
or
water,
sheep dung
good
For
the
wild
FOR
ROSES:
of the
STOCKS
standards,
dog rose
for
dwarfs
and
the
wild
"
climbers,
seedling
dog
cutting
hedgerow;
the Manetti, de la Grifferae," the
Manetti
"
Polyantha rose.
rose,
de la Grifferae stocks generally do best on
light soils," the others on
heavy
gall, of
of iron
in
week
from
time
OF
ROSES
ones.
CULTURE
IN
POTS
Classes
of
suitable
for
pot
Perpetual, Hybrid Tea, Tea-scented, Polyantha, "
Lawrenciana.
Compost, two parts turfy loam, two parts decomposed
hotbed
manure
cow
or
; one
part of equal proportions of charred earth
" sand.
Pot, Oct.
Repot annually in Aug. or Slept. Prune
newlylifted " potted plants in Nov., shortening shoots
to 3, 2, " 1 "eyes,"
" Hybrid
according to size ; established
plants of hybrid perpetuals,
also tea-scented, Chinese, fairy, " polyTeas
to 6, 3, " 2 "eyes";
antha
kinds
in Nov.
to 8, 6, " 4 "eyes"
for early flowering; Dec. or
Jan. for late flojvering. Position, sheltered corner
outdoors, with pots
frost by straw, or in cold frame, Oct. to Jan. ;
protected from
house,
greenJan.
to May;
Water
rately,
modesunny place outdoors afterwards.
Jan.
to April; freely,April to Oct.
Oct.
to
Keep nearly dry,
Jan.
twice a week
or
once
Apply stimulants
during floweringperiod.
Syringe freely in greenhouse. Temp, for forcing,Jan., 40" by night
45" by day; Feb., 45" at night " 55" by day; March
55"
" onwards,
by night " 60" to 65" by day. Plants for forcing require to be established
in pots one
year.
culture.
"
CULTURE
for
pots.
roses
Hybrid
OP
Beds
or
CLIMBERS
IN
tubs tor each
GREENHOUSE
plant, 18
374
in.
Compost,
deep
"
same
ft. wide.
as
Eacli
MOYOLOPJlDiA
bed
Nov.
time
tub
or
to
March.
or
be
Of
OAMDENiNG.
3 in. of drainage.
Plant, Sept. to
at
shoots
first year
8 in. of base
to within
second
" future
after
Sin.
6
to
or
immediately
years
to Nov.; keep nearly dry afterwards.
freely,March
provided with
Prune
of planting;
flowering. Water
Apply stimulants weekly, April to Sept.to established
air freely in summer
"
daily in spring. Admit
plants. Syringe
to ripen
autumn
shoots.
Pkopagation
;
Propagate by seeds sown
J in. deep in light sandy
soil in cold frame
in March
or
April, or Jin. deep in ordinary soil
outdoors
in April, transplanting
old; cuttings,
a
seedlings when
year
in Oct., or
6 to 8 in. long, inserted
in
pots of sandy soil in cold frame
in sheltered positionoutdoors, Sept. to Nov. ; or by small side shoots of
kinds
tea-scented
removed
with a little of old stem
" other
attached,
in small
under
" inserted
bella
pots of light sandy soil in summer
glass or in a propagator; by budding in July; grafting in Feb. or
in a temp. 55" to 65"; layering in Sept. or Oct.
March
CULTIVATED:
E. aoioularis, blush, June, 6 to 8 ft., Siberia; alba,
tlune, 6 ft., Europe;
alpina (Syn. R. inerniis), pink, June, 8 ft.. Europe,
of the
parents of tne Boursault
Rose), Banksias
(Banksian Rose), white, June,
one
lutea
15 to
20 ft., China,
and
its varieties
flore
pleno (double) and
(yellow);
arvensis
15 ft., Europe
10 to
(Britain); blanda
or
(Ayrshire Rose), white
rose,
bourboniana
(Syn. R. lucida), rose, June, 3 ft., K. America;
(Bourbon Rose), one
the
Bourbon
class
of
of
of the
the
other
indica
bracteata
roses
parents
;
canina
(Macartney
Rose), white, July, 3 ft., China;
(Dog Rose), pink, June, 6 ft.,
Britain; cinnamomea
(Cinnamon
Rose), red, May, 4 to 6 ft., N. Temp. Zone, and its
and
variety flore pleno (double) ; damascsena
(Damask
Rose), white
red, June,
4 ft.; gallica centifolia
(Cabbage Rose), rosy purple,June, 6 ft., Europe; gallica
muscosa
(Moss Rose), rose, June, 4 to 6 ft. ; gallica provincialis (Provence Rose),
and
yellow, June, climber,
white, fragrant, June, 4 to 6 ft. ; gigantea, white
Burma;
Hardii, yellow, June, hybrid; indica (China or Monthly Rose), red, June,
indica
6 to 10 ft., China;
fragrans
(Syn. R. odorata) Tea
colours;
rose, various
indica
minima
(Eairy Rose), Syn. R. lawrenciana,
pink, etc., June, 1 to 2 ft.,
SPECIES
white,
"
indica
"
sanguinea
(Crimson
China
Rose), crimson,
summer,
to
10
ft. ;
lutea
(Austrian
Isevigata (Cherokee Rose), white,
Briar), yellow, June, 3 ft.. Orient;
moschata
macrantha,
red, June, 4 ft., Europe;
June, 6 to 10 ft., China;
(Musk
10 to 12 ft., S. Europe;
multiflora
white, summer,
Rose), yellow and
(Polyantha
and
Japan; noisettiana
(Noisette
Rose), white, pink, etc., June, 10 to 12 ft., China
type; rubiginosa (Sweet Briar), pink, June,
Rose), a hybrid and parent of Noisette
5 ft.,Europe:
pomifera (Apple Rose), pink, June, Europe; rugosa
(Japanese Rose),
sempervirens (Evergreen Rose), white, June, S. Europe;
red, June, 6 ft., Japan;
Burnet
2
Rose), white. May,
ft., Europe
spinoeissima (Scotch or
(Britain);
6 to 10 ft., Japan, parent of the trailing type, such
as
wichuriana, white, summer,
Dorothy
Sisters
""
is
old
The
Perkins.
form
of
Rosa,ry-plant
Rose.
Rose
Rose
Rose
"
rose
multiflora
R.
(Abrus
in
the
gardens under
name
(called Grevillei),colour, purplish.
See Abrus.
precatorius)."
grown
Bosa.
Acacia.
"
of
Seven
See
Apple
Bay
"
"
Rose-bay
"
See
Epilobium.
(Cotoneastermicrophylla). See Cotoneaster.
(Lychnis coronaria). See Lychnis.
Campion
Rose
Rose
Box
Rose
Mallow.
"
Rosemary
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
"
of
of
of
"
See Hibiscus.
See Rosmarinus.
(Rosmarinus,officinalis)."
(Lychnis Coeli-rosa)."See Lychnis.
Heaven
Jericho
(Anastatica Hierochuntica). See Anastatica.
Sharon
(Hypericumcalycinum). See Hypericum.
Sabbatia.
Pink
(Sabbatia campestris).--See
"
"
375
MNVfOLOPJjDJA
Rose-scented
GABDENlNCf.
OF
(Pelargonium capitatum)."See
Geranium
Pelargonium.
Rosette
Mullein
(Eamondia pyrenaica). See Eamondia.
Rosin-weed
(Silphium laoiniatum). See Silphium.
Rosmarinus
Labiatae.
Hardy
(Eosemary)." Ord.
evergreen
shrub.
First introduced
1548.
Leaves, highly fragrant.
tion,
PosiCULTUEE
vfith old mortar.
:
Soil, ordinary, freely mixed
dryish border at base of a south or west wall; rarely does well
"
"
open
SPECIES
5. offloinalis,
purple,
OULTiyATBD:
Rosy-flowered
Rouen
Rouen
Lilac
Violet
Roupala.'
"
(Syringa
covered
Feb..
(Eubus
Protaceae.
Syringa.
with
Greenhouse
First introduced
brownish
wool.
"'to
"
sinensis).See
"
"
Ord.
ft., 8. Enropo.
spectabilis).See Eubus.
(Violarothamagensis).
flowering.
foliage"
shaped,
Bramble
See "Viola.
evergreen
shrubs.
Leaves, simple
1802.
Orn.
feather-
or
temp. 55"
to
65",
summer.
CULTIVATED:
SPEOIES,
R.
elegans,
to
10
ft., and
Tolilii, 6
to
15
ft.,
Brazil.
Rowan-tree
(Pyrus aucuparia). See Pyrus.
Brunswick
Lily (Bmnsvigia Josephina;).See Bruns"
Royal
"
vigia.
Royal
Fern
Royal
Water-Lily
(Osmunda regalis).^SeeOsmunda.
(Victoriaregia). See Victoria.
Flea-bane
(Erigeron Boylei). See Erigeron.
Royle's
"
RubUS
(Raspberry;
Ord.
berry).
"
"
Eosacese.
Blackberry;
Hardy
Loganberry;
Dewberry;
Wine-
flowering shrubs
fruit-bearing"
"
perennials.
EASPBERRIES
Soil, deep, rich moist loam, light
:
or
Position, open sunny,
clay soils unsuitable.
for planting;
Distances
Plant, Oct. to March.
partiallyshady one.
for training
the rows
Singly,2 ft. apart in the row, " 5 ft. between
3ft.
" 5ft.
of three canes,
to wire
trellis; in groups
apart in row,
between
for field culture.
4 ft. asunder
singly 1 ft. apai't in rows
rows;
off to within
ing
succeed6 in. of ground first year;
Pruning: Cut canes
off
old
cut
after
dose
canes
to
immediately
fruiting
ground,
years,
number
of young
" reduce
at each root or stool to three or four
canes
of the
tips of latter in Nov. or Dec.
strongest. Remove
Apply
annually in Nov., forking it in 3 in. deep only. Mulch
decayed manure
in April on
with litterymanure
Water
dry soil.
copiouslywith liquid
CULTUEE
OF
ordinary
each
peaty;
manure
base
or
Eemove
suckers
appearing away
Avoid
deep digging. Chemical
of Buperphosphate of lime " kaiuil per t"quare
9f
"stools."
376
from
(1) IJoz.
yard forked in 2 in.
manures
ENCTOLOP.SDIA
deep in Nov.,
March.
1 lb.
kainit,
of
of
oz.
nitrate
common
in June.
in Oct.
canes
in
or
yard applied in
of soda,
nitrate
half
rod,
applied in
per square
of
of soda,
nitrate
parts by weight
to
be
the
rate of 2 lb.
kainit,
applied at
by seeds sown
(Griffiths.)
as
soon
ripe; by division of roots in
JPropagate
Nov.
border
shady
soda
per square
of lime, IJ lb. of
salt
Two
(3)
per 100
outdoors
GARDENING.
of
superphosphate
3 lb.
remainder
March,
1
"
(2)1^ lb.
OF
as
autumn.
;
Market
Ctjltueb
too
:
Soil, rich sandy loam.
Position, not
; Farmyard
dry. Manures
dung at rate of 20 tons per acre, ploughed
in before
planting. Top-dress annually in winter with 3 cwt. of superphosphate
" 1 cwt. of kainit per acre
in winter, " 2 cwt.
of nitrate of
soda in April.
Distance
to plant, 1 ft. apart in rows
4 ft. asunder.
Number
of plants to the acre,
^610;
6,987. Cost of trees per acre,
"5 ; planting, 20s. ; total,
preparing land for planting, "7 ; manure,
"16.
Cost of cultivation
" hoeing, 32s ; pruning,
: Digging
per acre
CULTURE
dressed
with
in open
rows
OP
BLACKBEEEIES
old
mortar.
manuring,
acre
"5.
(gross),^"46.
Average
returns
autumn,
garden, with
apart in rows
ft.
summer.
CULTURE
OF
4 ft.
Place
Soil
LOGANBERRY:
in autumn.
each
stakes around
train growths spirallyaround
borne
shoots that have
away
four
base, "
as
Shorten
these.
Prune
after
fruiting,
soft
in
the
tipsof
winter.
roots
in
autumn.
CULTURE
OF
Plant,
dry
Propagate by
weather.
CULTURE
Position, sunny
cutting
or
away
autumn
division
spring.
spring.
or
in
Soil,sandy peat.
Water
freely in
SPECIES
: Soil, good ordinary.
Prune
in
Plant
Oct.
after flowering,
shady
division
in
old flowering shoots.
Propagate by
HARDY
OF
SPECIES
HERBACEOUS
HARDY
SHRUBBY
borders.
autumn.
IcIkus
(Raspberry), white, May, berries red or
between
tlie RaspLoganii (Loganberry), a cross
berry
and
(American
Blackberry, berries purple, 8 to 12 ft., America; laciniatus
berries black, 8 to 12 ft. ; phoenicolaaius (Wineberry),
Blackberry), white, summer,
berries
crimson, 10 to 20 ft., ,Tapan; rosfeflorus Acre simplici (Strawpink, summer,
berry-raspber
a
plant of no value in this country.
E.
4 to 6
Offisia (Dewberry), white, summer,
SPECIES:
HERBACEOUS
in.,
Britain ; arcturus, pink, June, 6 in., N. Europe.
SPECIES:
8
R.
SHRUBBY
bifflorus, white. May,
HARDY
ft., Himalayas;
nutkanus
(Nootka Sound
white, May, 6 ft.. Rocky Mountains;
Bramble),
deliciofius,
odoratus
6 ft., N. America;
(Virginian Raspberry), purple and
white, summer,
6 ft., N. America;
spectabilis (Salmon Berry), rosy red, May, 6 ft.,
red, summer,
flore pleno (Daisy-floweredBramble), pink, double, summer,
nlmifolia
California;
8 to 12 ft.,Europe,
377
PRUIT-BBARING
yellow,
to
SPECIES
ft., Europe
Id^us
R.
ENCYOIOPJSDIA
Compositae. Hardy
(Cone-flower)."Ord.
Rudbeckia
perennials.
GAKDENING.
OF
First
introduced
herbaceous
1793.
borders.
well-drained
Position, sunny
Soil, ordinary.
with
Mulch
manure
decayed
or
Plant, Oct., Nov., Marcb,
April.
fresh
in
Feb.
March.
"
divide,
position
or
Lift,
replant
annually,
CULTUEE
trieunially. Propagate by
seeds
March
sown
April,
flowering positionsfollowingautumn;
by
March
or
April.
soil
"
sunny
position,
or
in
ordinary
seedlings into
transplanting
of roots, Oct., Nov.,
division
OULTITATED:
"SPECIES
E. calif ornioa, yellow and
brown, July, 4 to 6 ft.,
3 ft., N.
laciniata,
California; grandiflora, yellow and
America;
purple, autumn,
Golden
3 -to 6 ft., N.
America;
Bpeciosa (Syn. U.
Glow, yellow, double, summer,
3 ft., N. America.
Newmannii),
orange-yellow, summer,
Rue
(Ruta graveolens). ^See Ruta.
"
Rue-a.nemQ'ne
Rue-leaved
(Thaliotrum
Spleen-wort
"
See
Asplenium.
Stove perennial
Ruellia
(Christmas Pride). Ord. Acanthaceae.
herbs or
1768.
shrubs.
First introduced
CULTURE
loam, leaf-mould, peat, "
: Compost, equal parts fibrous
silver sand.
Feb.
March.
Position,
Pot,
or
pots in shady part of
March
Water
stove.
to
Oct.
freely,
Syringe
; moderately afterwards.
twice daily, March
to Sept.; once
daily other times.
Apply weak
stimulants
during flowering period to perennialspecies. Temp., Sept.
tings
55" to 65" ; March
to March
to Sept. 65" to 75".
Propagate by cutin
inserted
in above
well-drained
under
bell-glass,
compost
pots
or
m
propagator in temp. 75" to 85", spring or summer.
SPECIES
OULTITATED
B. maorantha,
:
purple, winter, 1 to 2 ft.,Brazil.
rosy
Rumex
Ord.
Hardy
(Herb Patience; Sorrel).
Polygonacese.
"
"
perennial herbs.
CULTURE
flower stems
OF
HERB
PATIENCE
Remove
pagate
directlythey appear, " gather leaves frequently. Proin March, 1 in. deep in drills 18 in. apart, thinning
by seeds sown
in
in April; division
of roots
seedlingsto 1 ft. apart in row
March.
moist.
SORREL
Position, open
: Soil, ordinary rich
in
Gather
15
1
ft.
in.
asunder
in
March.
Plant,
rows
apart
leaves
Remove
flower
Water
weather.
in
stems.
frequently.
freely
dry
Propagate by seeds Jin. deep in drills 15 in. apart in March, thinning
seedlingsto 12 in. apart in April; division of roots in March'.
CULTURE
OF
SPECIES:
Position,
Soil, ordinary.
AQUATIC
in
of
Plant
water.
margins
spring. Increased
by division in spring.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
aoetosa
18 in.,
R.
(Garden Sorrel), green,
summer,
loaves edible, Europe
(Britain) ; hydrolapathura (Water Dock), 4 to 6 ft., Europe
substitute
for spinach,
(Britain); patienta (Herb Patience), 4 ft., leaves used
as
CULTURE
OP
borders.
S. Europe.
Runner
Bean
(Phaseolusmultiflorus). See
"
Phaseolus.
Rupture-wort
(Herniaria glabra). See Herniaria.
Ruscus
Knee
(Butcher's Broom;
Holly). Ord. Liliacese.
"
"
Hardy
"
Male
shrubs.
Orn.
leaved
" female
berry-bearing.
evergreen
Leaves
flowers borne on separate plants.
dark
o
val,
(cladodes),
green.
Berries, round, red; winter.
CULTURE
Position, shady or sunny
: Soil, ordinary.
shrubberies,
pagate
borders, or woods.
Plant, Sept., Oct., or April. Prune, April. Proremoved
suckers
from
in
by
parent plants
Sept. or Oct, ;
BNGYOLOPMniA
CULTIVATED:
Brlfafn.^'^'*
Rush
Broom
OF
aouleatua
GARDENING.
(Butcher's Broom),
May,
green,
Rush-leaved
ft.,
cissus.
Nar-
'
Rush-Lily
Russellia.
(SisyrincMum graudiflorum)."
See Sisyrincliium.
Ord.
Scrophulariacese. Stove evergreen
shrubs.
First introduced
1812.
Pretty plants for
hanging
"
Flowering.
03iSiC6tJS.
CULTURE
: Compost, equal
parts sandy loam, leaf -mould, " silver
Position, m light part of stove.
Water
Pot, Feb. or March.
freely, April to Sept.; moderately afterwards.
Prune, Feb.
Applv
weak
stimulants
when
in flower
only. Syringe twice daily,April to
Oct., except when
in flower.
Temp., Sept. to March, 55" to 65";
March
to Sept.,65" to 75".
Propagate by cuttings inserted in silver
sand in temp. 75" in spring; layering shoots at
time.
any
sand.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
U.
recI,^Ju]y,
3 to 4 .ft.,"^
Mexico;
junoea,
sarmeatosa,
Russian
Knap-w/eed
(Centaurea ruthenicus).
See
"
Cen-
taurea.
Ruta
introduced
(Eue).
"
Ord.
Rutacese.
First
shrub.
Hardy evergreen
for
Leaves, finely divided, bluish
used
green;
1562.
medicinal
purposes.
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary. Position,
sunny
8 in. apart in rows
18 in. asunder.
Priine the
border.
Propagate by
or
seeds
sown
Jin. deep in drills outdoors
slips inserted in shady border in summer.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
R.
Plant, March,
graTeolens, yellowish
green,
in
April;
summer,
tings
cut-
ft.,
Europe.
Sabal
(Pan
Greenhouse
orn.
Thatch
or
Palm;
Cabbage Palm)." Ord. Palmacese.
-leaved palms.
First introduced
1810.
Leaves, fan-
shaped,
green.
CULTURE
:
Compost,two parts rich loam,
" sand.
mould
Position, well-drained
pots in
well-drained
beds outdoors
in S. of England.
part decayed
one
greenhouse
or
Pot, March.
leaf-
sheltered
Plant,
keep in cold
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Saccharum
frame
S.
perennialgrasses, flowering,"
"
orn.
379
SNCYOLOPMDIA
in
GARDMniNQ.
OF
green,
covered
with
silky hairs.
CULTUEE
leaf-mould
Two
parts rich loam, one
part
little sand.
Position, large pots or
in lofty stoves.
tubs
Water
March.
Pot, Feb.
or
freely, April to
afterwards.
twice
Sept.; moderately
daily during spring "
Syringe
from
Shade
essential.
summer.
to Oct.
mid-day sun
Temp., March
70" to 85"; Oct. to March
55" to 65".
OF
S. SPONTANEUM:
CULTUEE
Soil, good ordinary. Position,
of
beds
sheltered.
or
lakes,
Plant,
margins
May or June.
Propagate
of
Cane
stems
inserted in lightsoil in
Sugar
by cuttings
of
70"
80"
in
to
removed
in Feb.
suckers
or
or
spring, by
March, "
temp,
in
above
S.
of
division
roots in
compost.
spontaneum by
pottedsingly
March
or
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
S. officinarum
10 to 15
(Sugar Cane), white, sammer,
violet
ft., E. Indies; officinarum
tinted; spontaneum
-violaceum, stems
(Syn. S.
10 ft., Algeria.
aegypticum), white, summer,
Saccolabium.
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Stove
epiphytal orchids.
1837.
First introduced
Ht., 1 to 4 ft.
CULTUEE
: Compost, sphagnum
charcoal, " broken potsherds.
moss,
in pots
to pieces of wood, or
Position, hanging baskets or attached
filled to rim with
" potsherds " remainder
charcoal
livingsphagnum
Grow
moss.
near
Pot, or fix to blocks in Jan. or
glass always.
Feb.
Water
blocks copiouslytwice daily,March
on
to
plants grown
those
afterwards
in
once
baskets,
Sept.;
daily
;
copiously April to
afterwards.
Shade
from mid-day sun.
Sept., moderately
Temp., March
Oct. to March
60" to 70".
Avoid
to Oct. 70" to 85^^;
allowing moisture
leaves in winter.
Moist
to fall on
essential.
atmosphere
Growing
Flowers
period,March to Nov. ; restingperiod,Nov. to March.
appear
the top, after restingperiod.
in axils of leaves near
Propagate by
offsets any time.
SPECIES
CULTITATED:
S. ampullaeenm, magenta
rose, ,Tane, India; bellinum,
brown, white, and yellow, .Tan to March, Burma;
curvifoliuro,orange-scarlet,
green,
and
and June, N. India; giganteum, cream
purple, fragrant, Dec. to March,
May
and
red
hendersonianum,
Burma;
white, spring, Borneo;
rosy
miniatum,
Jan.
and
and mauve,
orange-red, spring, Java; violaceum, white
Feb., Philippines.
Sa.cred
Bean
(Nelumbium
luteum). See Nelumbium.
Saddle-tree
(Liriodendron tulipifera).See Liriodendron.
OF
SUGAR
rotten
or
CANE:
"
manure
"
"
"
Sadleria.
"
Ord.
Filices.
Stove
fern.
tree
First
introduced
1877.
Fronds, feather-shaped.
CULTURE
two-thirds
peat " loam, " abundance
tubs, well-drained, in shady stove or
Compost,
or
55"
essential.
sifted loam
Propagate by
to
65"; March
to
of sand.
warm
servatory.
con-
at any time on
surface of finelysown
well-drained
with sheet of
cover
pans;
moist
in
in
75"
85".
"
to
shady
position
glass, keep
temp.
CULTIVATED
Islands.
SPECIES
: S. cyatheoides, 5 to 8 ft., Sandwich
Safflower
(Carthamvistinctoria).See Carthamus.
"
peat
in
spores
shallow
"
Saffron
Saffron
Crocus
Thistle
"
"
"
380
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OARDENINO.
OF
Position, damp,
moderately heavy; light soils not suitable.
of ponds, etc., for all species. Plant, Oct.
to March.
Nov.
gins
mar-
Prune,
Feb.
to
OSIER
lying
near
CULTUEE:
land
manure
per acre.
in Oct.
asunder
cuttings to plant
after
planting.
upright in water
bundles
of
yield per
Soil, alluvial
501b.
acre,
sandy.
or
margins
or
of water.
each.
1,800
Average
2,0001b.
to
price,4d.
to
Soil should
be
Average
annually
Osiers
of
Branches
etc.
lining carts
used
for
used
"
making
for
barrows.
making
Wood
cricket
scythe
of the
bats.
Plant
Bat
in
"
rake
Willow
autumn.
handles;
timber
for
willows, Feb.
Average value of willow timber, per cubic ft..Is. to 5s.
of cubic feet per ton, 68.
cubic ft., 33 lbs.
Number
of
timber,
Weight
of
of
stems
shoots
or
Propagate by cuttings
any age or size, inserted in
choice
kinds
moist
soil, Oct. to March;
by budding on the Goat
Willow
the
bud
with
damp
moss,
or
by
(White or Huntingdon
Willow), 50 to 60 ft.,
(Bat
argentea, silvery foliage ; alba coerulea
alba
used
for
cricket
bat
Titelliua
(Syn. S. vitellina),
making;
Willow), kind
alba
vitellina
and
red ;
shoots
pendula, weeping
yellow
Tariety ; babylonica
(Goat Willow), 15 to 20 ft., Europe
(Weeping Willow), 30 ft., Japan;
caprea
(Britain); Caprea pendula (Kilmarnock Willow) ; fragalis (Crack Willow), 60 to
70 ft., shoots, yellow^nd
brown, Europe and N. Asia ; fragalis blashfordiana, shoots
orange-red; lanata, 8 to 10 ft., N. Europe; phylicifolia (Tea-leaved Willow), 8 to
10 ft., N.
purple, 8 to 10 ft.,
Europe;
purpurea: (Purple Osier), shoots, reddish
pendula, weeping; Timinalis
(Osier Willow), the species grown
Europe;
purpurea
and N. Asia.
to yield osiers, Hussia
See Salix.
Sallow,
SPECIES
Europe,
Asia,
CULTIVATED
and
N.
Africa
S. alba
alba
"
Salmon-berry
Salpigrlossis
First
hardy annual.
"
introduced
Eubus.
Half-
1820.
CUIiTURE:
Soil, sandy loam
or
good ordinary rich.
beds
borders.
Sow seeds in well-drained
or
Position, sunny
pots, pans,
boxes
shallow
filled with compost of equal parts loam, leaf-mould "
or
sand placed in temp, of 65" to 75", Feb.
seeds with
March.
Cover
or
thin sprinkling of fine soil.
three leaves
Transplant seedlingswhen
of above
boxes
have formed
J in. apart in well-drained
pots or shallow
Keep in temp, of 55" to 65" till May, then place in cold
compost.
OUTDOOR
harden,
frame
to
Apply
weak
"
plant
stimulants
out
in June.
to
occasionally
Water
freelyin dry weather.
plants in flower.
parts sandy loam, half a part
CULTURE
INDOOR
: Compost, two
seeds as
" silver sand.
Sow
each of leaf-mould. " decayed cow
manure
for summer
advised
above
flowering; in Aug. or Sept. for spring
flowering. Transplant seedlingswhen three leaves have formed, 3 iu
382
ENOrOLOP^DlA
GARDENING.
OF
When
shelf close to glass in temp. 55" to 65".
Water
shift
into
5-in.
size.
pots,
moderately until
well
stimulants
established.
are
Apply
J oz. of kainit, superplants
phosphate
of lime, " nitrate of soda to 2 galls,of water
week
once
a
off
of
main
shoots
when
in.
6
during floweringperiod. Nip
points
high
whilst in
to induce
bushy growth. Place in cool greenhouse or window
a
well
in small
rooted
"
"
bloom.
SPEOIES
beautiful
CULTIVATED;
strains grown
Sa.lsa.fy
in
(Tragopogon
ft.,Ohili, parent
of
the
porrifolius).See Tragopogon.
(Halimodendron argenteum). See Halimodendron.
Salvia
Ord. Labiatse.
Greenhouse
" hardy
(Sage; Clary).
" herbaceous
annuals
perennials" evergreen shrubs.
CULTURE
OP
ANNUAL
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary rich.
Position,
Sow
borders.
seeds Jin. deep in April where
to
sunny
required flower,
" thin to 4 or 6 in. apart when
2 in. high.
CULTURE
OF
aREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
Compost, equal parts
loam
" decayeflmanure,
little sand.
Position, greenhouse, Sept. to
"
Salt-tree
"
"
to
Water
June; cold frame, June to Sept. Pot, March.
freely,March
month
afterwards.
stimulants
a
Oct.; moderately
Apply
occasionally
after
until flowers
55" ; March
to
repotting
45"
March
to
expand,
then
55"
June
Temp.,
cease.
65".
to
Cut
Sept.
to
shoots
down
to
Insert
plants:
light sandy soil in temp. 65" in Feb.
When
March.
or
rooted, place singlyin 3J-in. pots. Nip off point of
Shift into 5 or
3 in. long.
main
shoots, also of succeeding shoots when
Water
former
6 in. pots when
freely. Apply
pots are filled with roots.
stimulants
occasionally. Place in cold frame, June to Sept.
tered
shelCULTURE
Position, sunny
OUTDOOR
: Soil, rich
ordinary.
Lift in Sept., place in pots to
Plant, June.
beds or borders.
Water
flower
in greenhouse in autumn.
freely in dry weather.
Apply
of S. patens in Oct., "
Lift tuberous
roots
stimulantsonce
week.
a
within
3 in. of their
3 in.
in sand
store
out
in
in
in
Start
in heat
in March,
"
plant
May.
decayed
HAEDY
manure
"
replant
Position,
close
stems
Cut down
third
year.
every
in March.
Lift, divide,
Oct.
flowering. Young
frost-proofplace.
OP
CULTURE
borders.
sunny
with
after
shoots
base
long of young
tings
cut-
to
annually
ground in
ing
used for flavourLeaves
CLARY
: Hardy biennial.
Pretty border plant also. Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny.
soups.
when
Sow seeds 1 in. deep in drills 18 in. apart in April. Thin seedlings
and
Gather
leaves in summer
dry
2 in. high to 12 in. apart in row.
OP
CULTURE
for
following year.
use
SAGE
March
OF
CULTURE
Plant,
sunny
of
off points
freely in dry weather
Nip
every
four
or
April, 12
first
shoots
year
first year
to
after
shoots
Position,
18 in. asunder.
Water
growth.
plantation
"
to -3
,
"
in.
soil in temp.
in
light
1-16 in. deep
transplanting seedlingsoutdoors in. May
young
"^"
-r.
Renew
planting.
years.
Pkopagation
long of young
bv seeds sown
dryish.
Soil, ordinary rich, light,
pulledoff
the
old plants in
383
or
55"
June,
April,"
to
65"
also by
inserted
in
sage
March,
slips,i.e.,
a shady
in
iSNOYCLOPMbiA
border
under
or
hand-light,or
GABpMlNd.
OF
in
cold frame,
"
kept
moist
until
rooted.
coocinea,
blue, winter, 6 ft., N. America;
2 to 3 ft.,
America;
fulgens, scarlet, summer,
Mexico;
Grahami,
Heeri, scarlet, winter, 2 to 3 ft.,
scarlet, Sept., 1 ft., Mexico;
3 to
4 ft., Mexico;
iUTOluorata
patens, blue,
Peru;
Bethelli, crimson, autumn,
2 to
2 to 3 ft., Mexico;
summer,
patens alba, white, splendens, scarlet, autumn,
3 ft., Brazil;
splendens Bruantii, rich scarlet; splendens grandiflora, salmon-red;
rutilana, red, winter, 2 to 3 ft.
3 ft., foliage
HARDY
SPECIES:
S.
argentea (Silver Clary), white, summer,
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
scarlet, autumn,
to
S. aznrea,
ft., N.
3 ft.,Mexico
silvery,Mediterraneaji
;
Region ; azurea
grandiflora, sky blue, summer,
officinalis (Sage), blue,
2 ft., Himalayas;
(Cashmere Sage), blue, summer,
3 ft., S.
3 to 4 ft.,
Europe;
pratensis (Meadow
Sage), violet, May,
summer,
2 ft.,Mediterranean
Britain; sclarea (Clary), bluish white, summer,
Region.
ANNUAL
18 in.,
S. Horminum
SPECIES
:
(Horminum
Clary), purple, summer,
8. Europe;
Horminum
carmine
bracts, very pretty. Hardy.
purpurea,
rosy
SambUCUS
Hardy
(Elder; Dane-wort)." Ord. Caprifoliaceae.
deciduous
shrubs
black
scarlet.
" herbaceous
or
Berries,
perennials.
hians
Leaves, feather-shaped,green,
CULTURE
dry banks
down
stems
CULTUEE
OF HBEBACEOUS
shrubberies
in
or
in Nov.
OP
SHEUBBY
sun
golden
white.
or
SPECIES
shade.
or
Soil, ordinary.
SPECIES:
Position,
common
species;moist sunny borders
open shrubbery, hedgerows
for variegatedkinds.
Prune
March.
into shape, Nov.
to
Oct.
Plant,
"
silver
elders during
of
off
of
shoots
to Jan.
points
golden
Nip
young
also
in
March
insure
dwarf
to
shoots
back
cut
summer
growth
;
sion,
" rich colouring in foliage.
speciesby diviPropagate herbaceous
of
branches
shoots
Oct. to March
or
; shrubby speciesby cuttings
inserted in moist soil in any
positionoutdoors, Oct. to March.
3 ft.,
HERBACEOUS
SPECIES
S. Ebulus
:
(Dane-wort), white and pink, summer,
Europe (Britain).
SHRUBBY
SPECIES:
S. nigra (Common
Elder), white, June, 20 ft., Britain;
leaves
nigra foliis-aureis,
golden (Golden Elder) ; nigra laciniata, leaves finely cut
(Cut-leaved Elder) ; racemosa
Elder), white, June, 10 to 15 ft.,
(Scarlet Berried
Europe, berries scarlet.
Primulaceae.
Samolus
Ord.
(Tasmanian Water
Pimpernel).
1800.
Hardy herbaceous
perennial. First introduced
CULTUEE:
Soil, sandy peat.
Position, moist
bog or rockery.
pagate
ProPlant, March
or
April. Water
freelyin dry weather in summer.
by division of the roots in spring.
S. repens,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
white, August, 6 in., Australia.
See Crithmum.
Samphire
(Crithmum maritimum).
Ord.
Acanthaceae.
Stove perennialflowering"orn.
Sanchezia.
First
introduced
1866.
Leaves,
foliaged plants.
large, oval,
with
white
or
glaucous 'een, or striped
yellow.
CULTUEE
:
Compost, two
parts peat " loam, one
part decayed
" sand.
manure
Position, light part of stove in winter ; shady part
in spring " summer.
Pot, March.
Syringe twice daily, April to
afterwards.
rately
modeWater
Oct.; once
to Oct.;
daily
freely, March
other
times.
weak
stimulants
mer.
Apply
occasionallyduring sum55"" to 65", March
to Sept. 75" to 85".
Temp., Sept. to March
Propagateby cuttings of young shoots inserted under bell-glassin
fine soil, March
to July.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
S. nobilis, yellow and
to Oct.. 1 to 2 ft.,
:
red, March
for
closely
"
"
"
'
Ecuador.
Sandersonia.
First introduced
CULTUEE
:
"
Ord.
Liliaceae.
stove
tuberous-rooted
herb.
1852.
ENOYOLOPJBDIA
OF
GARDENING.
silver saud.
"
shoots
Position, well-drained
pots, with
to roof or
trained
trellis.
Pot, Feb., placing tubers 2 in. deep, one
in a 6-in. |)ot, or
12-in. pot. Water
8 or
several in an
moderately
till growth is well advanced, then freely. After flowering, gradually
" keep soil quite dry till potting time.
withhold
water
Temp., Feb.
55" to 65".
to Sept. 70" to 85"; Sept._
to Feb.
Propagate by seeds
inserted
singly ^in. deep in 3-in. pots filled with light soil in temp.
manure,
75" in Feb.
March;
or
offsets removed
from
large tubers
at
potting
time.
SPECIES
18
CULTITATED:
S.
aurantiaoa,
orange
Aug.,
12
to
in.. Natal.
Sand
Rosemary
(Ceratiolaericoides).See Ceratiola.
Myrtle
(Leiophyllum buxifolium). See Leiophyllum.
Sand
Pear
Sandhill
"
"
Sand
"
Pink
Sand
"
"
Sand-wort
Sang'uinaria
nial
peren-
"
herb"
First introduced
1680.
borders
or
CULTURE:
Soil, sandy loam or peat. Position, sunny
rockeries.
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
or
freely in dry
April. Water
in Feb.
or
weather.
manure
Top-dress annually with decayed cow
be interfered
March.
Should
with as little as possible. Propagate by
in cold
seeds sown
1-16 in. deep in equal parts leaf -mould, peat, " sand
frame
cool
or
SPECIES
when
S.
CULTIVATED:
in
in., N.
America.
^Haemodoracese.
introduced
1690.
Sanseviera
herbaceous
Stove
"
white,
Flowers,
or
spring, transplanting
early autumn
to
handle;
enough
by division of roots
large
greenhouse
seedlingsoutdoors
in Oct. or March.
with
narrow,
white.
spotted
long, margined
tion,
PosiCompost, equal parts loam, leaf -mould, " sand.
Water
Feb.
of
to
in
stove.
Pot,
April.
ously,
copishady part
pots
March
to Oct.; moderately afterwards.
Syringe freely in
55" to
to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to March
Temp., March
Feb.
to
division
of
April.
plants,
Propagate by
ridged, green,
or
CULTURE:
summer.
65".
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
zeylaniea, Trop.
cylindrioa, Trop.
"
shrubby plants.
with
Africa;
Ord.
introduced
(Lavender Cotton).
Santolina
covered
S.
Africa.
First
Compositae. Hardy
1573.
Leaves
"
green
ever-
shoots
cottony down.
:
Soil, ordinary
time.
CULTIVATED:
"
1798.
385
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
borders
Position, margins of sunny
deep in light soil in temp. 55" to 65"
Harden
in April " plant outin March.
off seedlings in cold frame
doors
in May;
in lines or
or
patches in open ground end of April,
lin. high to 2 or 3 in. apart.
Water
thinning seedlings when
freely
iu dry weather, " apply weak
stimulants
ing
occasionallyduring flowerperiod.
CULTUEE
Soil, ordinary.
rockeries.
or
SPECIES
Sow
seeds
1-16 in.
CULTIVATED:
S.
flore plane, flowers
procumbena
prooumiens,
yellow
and
double.
/Soap-wort;
Fuller's Herb;
Saponaria
Hedge
" perennials.
Caryophyllaceae. Hardy annuals
CULTUEE
margins
OF
ANNUAL
of
borders
SPECIES:
beds.
Pink).
Soil, ordinary.
Ord.
"
Position,
in
Sow
seeds in lines or patches
sunny
in
J in. deep in April for summer
flowering;
Sept. for spring flowering.
Thin
1 in. high 2 or
Water
3 in. apart.
seedlings when
freely in dry
" apply stimulants
weather
occasionally.
CULTUEE
OF
loam.
PEEENNIAL
SPECIES
tion,
Posi: Soil, deep rich
rockeries
borders
or
or
borders
for S.
or
ocymoides; large sunny
shady
shrubbery
garden for S. officinalis. Plant, Oct. to
Water
April.
Top-dress annually in Feb. with decayed manure.
in
weather.
in
boxes
of
shallow
freely
dry
Propagate by seeds sown
in
soil
of
55"
in
65"
to
in
sandy
March, hardening seedlings
a
temp,
cold frame
in April," planting out in May
in
outdoors
or
June;
or
April, transplanting
seedlingsin June " July ; by cuttingsinserted in
soil
cold
m
sandy
frame, Sept. to Oct.; division of roots, Oct. to
sunny
or
wild
March.
ANNUAL
SPECIES
S. calabriofl,rose, .Tuly to Sept., 6 to 12 in., Italy.
:
SPECIES;
S. ocymoides
(Rock Soap-wort), rosy purple,
officinalis flore pleno (Double Soapwort), pink, Aug., 2
trailing, Europe;
PEllENNIAL
Europe
ft.,
(Britain).
Sardinian
Sarmienta
iris
See Iris.
(Irisolbiensis)."
(Chilian Pitcher-flower).Ord. Gesneracea;.
shoots
First
creeper.
Compost,
Position,
moss.
teak
growing
up
soft
baskets
stems
Water
copiously, April to
to Oct.
freely daily, March
60" to 70"; Sept. to March
plants in March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Sarracenia
Pitcher
Plant;
hardy herbaceous
S.
1862.
peat, charcoal,
"
suspended
chopped sphagnum
roof, or in pots
of dead
tree ferns.
Pot or plant, March.
Oct. ; moderately
afterwards.
Syringe
or
pans,
Shade
from
45" to 55".
repens,
(Huntsman's
Side-saddle
introduced
to Sept.
Temp., March
Propagate by division of
scarlet, summer,
Horn;
Flower).
perennials.
sun.
from
First
"
creeping. Chili.
Indian
Cup; N. American
Ord.
HalfSarraceniaceae.
introduced
1752.
Leaves,
pitcher-shaped,recticulated.
INDOOE
CULTUEE:
Compost, equal parts fibry peat
sphagnum
house
Green-
"
herbaceous
CULTUEE:
with
summer,
to
3
moss.
Position,
cool
moist
corner
of
greenhouse
".
or
lar,
tubu-
chopped
fernery,
peat
"
sphagnum
moss.
or
moist
ENCYCLOPJCDIA
OF
GARDENING.
SPECIES
and
CCTLTIVATED:
S. Drummondii,
flowore
purple, June, leaves white,
purple, 2 ft., N. America;
Olaytoni, leaves purple, 1 ft., hybrid; flava
(Trumpet Leaf), yellow, June, 2 ft.,N. America;
flava atrosanguinea, lid of pitcher
and yellow; flava Cateebrei,wings of pitcher veined
cream
with
red; flava limbata,
lid of
crimson
and
brown
pitcher
margined
psittacina, flowers
purple, leaves
;
veined
rod or purple, N. Amei^ioa;
flowers
purple, spring, leaves veined
purpurea,
purple, N. America;
rubra, flowers reddish, leaves veined
purple, N. America:
variolaris,flowers yellow, leaves spotted with white, N. America.
Sa.rsa.parilla
(Smllax glauca). See Smilax.
Satin-flower."
See Sisyrinchium.
Sa.tin
Poppy
(Meconopsis Wallichii). See Meconopsis.
green,
"
"
Satureia
annual
shoots
"
(Summer
"
perennial evergreen
used
for
CULTURE
Winter
herbs.
flavouringsoups
"
Savory)."
First
salads,
for
"
Hardy
Labiatse.
Ord.
Aromatic
boilingwith peas "
introduced
1562.
OF
SUMMEE
SAVORY
annual.
: Hardy
Soil, ordinary.
Sow
Thin
seeds \ in. deep in drills 12 in. apart.
in
weather.
seedlingswhen 2 in. High to 6 in. apart. Water
freely dry
Pull plants up when
in flower, " dry for winter
use.
CULTURE
OP
WINTER
SAVORY
shrub.
: Hardy
Soil,
evergreen
12
in.
Plant, March
or
ordinary. Position, sunny.
April
apart in
15 in. asunder.
Prune
in closely
in Oct., " top-dress
with manure.
rows
Renew
as
Propagate by seeds sown
plantations every fourth year.
advised for annual
also
of
inserted
iu
shoots
species,
by cuttings
young
border
in
division
of
in
roots
March.
shady
April,
ANNUAL
SPECIES
S. hortensis
:
(Summer
Savory), lilac, July, 6 to 8 in
Mediterranean
Uegion.
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
S. montana
(Winter Savory), purple, June, 6 to 12 in.,
'
Europe.
^Ord. Orchidaceae.
Satyrium.
Half-hardy terrestrial tuberousrooted
orchids.
First introduced
1842.
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts good turfy loam, sandy peat,
"
silver sand.
leaf-mould, charcoal
coarse
Position, well-drained
in
cold
frame.
to
Nov.,
Pot,
Aug.
placing tubers lin.
pots
shady
in
6-in.
Make
below
"
to
5
3
a
surface,
Plunge
pot.
compost firm.
refuse.
Water
rims
in
cinder
ashes
cocoanut-fibre
to
or
copiously
pots
from
time
growth begins till foliage fades; then keep nearly dry.
flower
stimulants
from
Remove
weak
Apply
April till flowers fade.
Protect
from
when
blooms
fade.
2
3
or
Repot every
spikes
years.
ashes.
cinder
of
cocoanut-fibre
refuse
Dec.
to Feb.
or
by covering
Position, sunny.
"
Propagate by
SPECIES
S. Africa:
division
CULTIVATED:
white
carneum,
Sauromatum
Aug. to Nov.
oandidum,
white, fragrant, Aug. and Sept., 1 ft.,
and pink, June, 1 ft., S. Africa.
Half(Monarch of the East). Ord. Aroideae.
of tubers,
S.
"
flower
roots " arum-like
spatlies.
hardy perennial, with tuberous
in
tubers
in autumn,
them
CULTURE
a
: Purchase
place
dry saucer
the
flower
will
No
in
few
weeks
in a warm
"
a,
spathe
room,
appear.
After
soil or
needed.
water
flowering, plant the tuber in a moist
its leaf growth.
Lift in Aug., keep iu a cool
place outdoors to make
indoors.
in
"
saucer
a
Repeat the operation year
place, again place
by
year.
CULTIVATED
S. guttatum,
:
purple, yellow and
green,
spring, 1 ft..Central Asia.
Saussurea
Ord.
(Saw-wort).
Compositse. Hardy
First introduced
1816.
herbs.
SPECIES
"
387
winter
or
perennial
0
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA
positionoutdoors, April,
sunny
or
four
S.
CULTIVATED:
SPEOIBS
2
formed.
have
leaves
japonioa (Syn.
japonica),purple,
Seratala
summer,
ft,, Japan.
Savin-tree
Savory
Savoy.
"
"
See
"
Brassica.
Orchis
Savtffly
Saw-wort
"
"
Saxifraga
Hardy " tender
"
borders.
(2)Moss
in
varied
CULTURE
form.
tion,
PosiSECTION
Soil, gritty loam.
:
in
Plant
walls.
old
rockeries
or
ledges or
sunny
in
vertical
fix
with
to
loam
Mix
cow
plants
a
dung
spring.
rocks.
S. Cotyledon pyramidalis a good plant for cool greenhouse.
"
one
Grow
in compost of two
part of equal proportions
parts loam
Place
Five-inch
sand.
"
old
of
leaf-mould,
pots suitable.
mortar,
Water
into
till
then
in cold
frame
remove
greenhouse.
March,
in wellin grittyloam
Propagate by seeds sown
moderately in winter.
after
ing.
floweroffsets
in
in
cold
frame
drained
directly
spring; by
ENCRUSTED
of
little fresh
OF
fissues
pans
loam.
SECTION
Soil, ordinary moist
:
for
borders
to
choice
kinds, edgings
Position, ledges
Plant
bulbs.
of
beds
of
choice
surface
or
commoner
carpeting
ones;
in pans
of gritty
in autumn
or
spring. Propagate by seeds sown
in
frame
in
cold
of
shoots
in
soil in cold
frame
spring; cuttings
MOSSY
rockeries
OF
CULTURE
of
for
in spring.
SECTION:
Position,
MEGASEA
Soil, ordinary.
"
Good
Plant
town
in
autumn
borders.
or
or
spring.
shady
sunny
in
soil
in
cold
suburban
light
garden plants. Propagate by seeds sown
in spring; division in autumn
or
frame
spring.
S.
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION
OF
CULTURE
; Soil, ordinary for
loam
moist
for other
"
umbrosa,
Geum;
species. Position, shady
" Granulata
Geum
borders for S. umbrosa,
; moist
fl.-pl.
shady rockery
" rotundifolia
for Andrewsii,
cunefolia, oppositifolia,
rockery
; sunny
burseriaua
"
or
for
sancta;
margins of water-courses
apiciilata,
damp borders for peltata; damp walls or rockeries for Sibthorpii;
Plant in autumn
walls for sarmentosa.
or
spring. Propagate
sunny
in grittysoil in pans in cold frame
in
spring; division
by seeds sown
summer
CULTURE
in
division
OP
spring.
OF
CULTURE
leaf-mould
"
TENDER
silver
sand.
SPECIES:
Soil, equal parts loam, peat,
Position, pots or baskets suspendednear
Water
Pot in spring.
55"
Oct.
March
to
to
very
offsets
in
to Oct. 65" to 70".
60" ; March
Propagate by
spring.
S. Aizoon,
wliite,June, 3 to 6 in., Arotio
ENCRUSTED
SPECIES:
creamy
its varieties
balearioa
(white and
crimson), carinthiaca
(white),
Reg;ions, and
Griesbachii
(snowy
(white
(white), la graveana
white), marginata
(rose), intaota
roof
of
greenhouse,
moderately in
or
close
autumn
window.
to sunny
" winter.
Temp.,
388
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPMDIA
Scarlet
Scarlet
Scarlet
Scarlet
Lilium.
Scarlet
Scarlet
Scarlet
Mimulus.
Scarlet
Scarlet
Scarlet
Phaseolus.
Scarlet
Scarlet
Scarlet
Scarlet
Scarlet
"
"
"
"
See
Sage
Mexican
"
"
Musk
Oak
Sec
"
"
"
Sec
"
Skull-cap
"
"
"
"
"
CULTURE
fibrous
peat,
leaf-
silver sand.
Position, well-drained
mould,
pots in shady part of
rately
March.
Water
stove.
Pot, Feb. or
April to Sept.; modecopiously,
stimulants
to
afterwards.
Sept. Apply
Syringe daily, April
55" to 65";
Temp., Sept. to Marcn
occasionallyduring summer.
March.
Feb.
or
to Sept. 75" to 85".
March
Propagate by division,
"
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Lavallei, leaves
grey,
leaves
Siam.
Borneo;
spotted
S.
with
mottled
Plant, Sept.
Borneo;
silvery
with
New
blotched
Guinea;
pulchra,
neoguinensis,
j[ellow,
white,
siamensis, leaves spotted with
silvery white, Borneo;
"
Ord.
introduced
"
Oct.
frame,
July
or
firm
to
1806.
Hardy
Leaves, large
"
evergreen
climbing
handsome.
Berries,
"
Oct.
8.
CULTIVATED:
Maguoliacese.
walls or
arbours.
peat. Position, sunny
April. Prune
straggly shoots, April. Propagate
shoots inserted in sandy peat under
bell-glass
Soil, loam
by cuttings of
SPECIES
grey,
with
with
Schizandra.
shrubs.
First
scarlet.
CULTURE:
in cold
with
silvery
orispata, leaves banded
Malaya;
longispatha, leaves banded
grey,
leaves
sinensis, rose,
summer,
1 6to
20 ft., China.
CULTURE
or
"
one
part loam, half a part each of decayed
little sand.
Sow
seeds thinly in above
compost
frame
in Aug.
in cool greenhouse or
Transplant seedlings singly in
shelf in greenhouse (temp. 45" to 55") untif Jan.,
on
3-in. pots, " grow
6-in.
to
in light position. Water
transfer
then
modepots, " grow
POT
manure
"
Compost,
leaf-mould,
390
EN
CYCLOPEDIA
GAEVENING.
OF
sionally
occarately in winter; freely other times.
Apply weak stimulanta
whilst flowering. Support plants with
For
stakes.
summer
seeds in temp. bb" to 65" in Feb.
March,
flowering,sow
or
ing
transplantwhen
1 in. high to
3-in. pots, then into 5-in. pots.
SPECIES
and its
rose,
13 to 18 in.,
CULTIVATED:
S. Grahami,
lilao and
orango,
BUmmer,
varieties,oarmineus
(carmine) and lilacineus (lilaoand yellow) ; pinnatus,
13 to 18 in., and
its varietie's,atropurpureus and
purple and yellow, summer,
papilionaoeus,
roseus
18
in., and
of
Natives
its
and
violaceus
variety alba;
Chili
and
retusus,
crimson
rose,
and
and
summer,
orange,
brown,
summer,
ft.
Peru.
Schizocodon.
Ord.
Diapensiaceffi.Hardy perennial herb
suitable for rockery culture.
CULTURE
Position,
: Soil, equal parts sandy
peat " leaf-mould.
"
refuse
"
CULTIVATED:
or
May.
in. high
Ord.
"
cold
or
rose,
Cruciferae.
frame.
with
Protect
Propagate
S. soldanelloides,
Schizopetalon.
introduced
CULTURE
bracken.
dry
bed,
by
4.
March,
Plant,
layer
thick
division
of
in., Japan.
annual.
Half-hardy
of
root*
First
1821.
:
Sow
Cover
to
April
1 to
high
Sow
also thinly
with small bushy twigs. Water
freelyin dry weather.
of
"
sand
with
in well-drained
filled
loam,
peat,
placed
compost
pans
in temp, of 55" to 65", Feb. or April; transplantingseedlings 3 or 4 in
3-in. pots filled with
above
" plant
off in cold frame
compost; harden
out in May.
S. Walkeri, white, almond
1 to 3 ft..
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
:
scented, summer,
Chili.
Schizophragprna
Hardy
evergreen
1879.
introduced
CULTURE
: Soil,
only. Plant, Oct. or
Saxifragacese.
shrub.
First
districts
ordinary. Position, sunny wall in warm
Prune
shoots
into
straggly
shape, April.
April.
under
a
bell-glassin temp.
Propagate by cuttings inserted in sand
55" in spring.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
S.
hydrangeoidos, white
or
pink, autumn,
10 to 15 ft.,
Japan.
(Caffre Lily;
SchizostyliS
Hardy
bulbous
or
Crimson
rhizomatous-rooted
Flag).
perennial.
"
Iridaceae.
Ord.
First
introduced
1864.
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
Position, warm
: Soil, moist
loamy.
sunny
Protect
weather
in
March.
to
Oct.
severe
border.
ing
Plant,
by coverin summer
Water
" apply
of dry litter.
freelyin dry weather
stimulants
occasionally.
CULTURE
POT
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part decayed manure,
Nov.
to March.
Position, cold frame, Dec. to April;
little sand.
Pot,
in
of
rim
border, April to Sept.; cold
pots
sunny
plunged to the
Dec.
Water
copiouslysummer
; moderately other
greenhouse, Sept. to
in
summer.
times.
occasionally
Repot annually.
Apply stimulants
or
April.
Propagate by division of rhizomes or roots in March
S. coooinea, crimson, Oct.
and
CULTIVATED
:
SPECIES
Nov., 1 to 3 ft., S.
Africa.
Schomburgkia.
introduced
First
CULTURE
"
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
epiphytalorchids.
1834.
Compost, sphagnum
391
moss
"
fibrous
peat. Position
on
GABDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Pot or
in well-drained
roof
from
or
pots or pans.
period.
Water
growing
Keep
March.
during
freely
re-block, Feb. or
Shade
from
until
flowers
sun.
has
completed
appear.
dry after growth
March
to
essential
Temp.,
during growing period.
Moist
atmosphere
60"
70".
March
winter.
to
to
75"
Resting
to
85"; Sept.
period,
Sept.
at apex
Flowers
of new
to Oct.
appear
Growing period, March
division.
pseudo-bulbs. Propagate by
8. "Lyonsii,
CULTIVATED:
white, brown, yellow, and purple, 1 ft.,
SPECIES
W.
white, BUmmer,
thomsoniana,
aulphur yellow, purple, and
.Tamaioa;
Indies;
and
TibiciniB
1 ft.,
Orohid), crimBon, purple, orange,
white, summer,
(Cow-bom
suspended
blocks
Honduras.
Schubertia.
"
Sciadopitys
conifer.
Hardy
evergreen
tapering, borne
variegated
See
Araujia.
(ParasolFir Tree; Umbrella
in
with
tufts
at
First
1861.
introduced
Leaves, long,
the end of shoots, parasol-like;
green or
pale yellow.
CULTURE
from
;
Soil, rich moist loam.
Position, sheltered
ing
piercwinds.
ported
Plant, Sept.,Oct., March
or
April. Propagate by imseeds sown
^ in. deep in pots filled with moist sandy loam, "
or
placed in cold frame
greenhouse, transplantingseedlingsoutdoors
in.
or
followingspring;
J
deep outdoors in April in moist bed of sandy
transplantingseedlingsnext
loam,
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Scilla
"
CULTURE
in
HALF-HARDY
OF
part decayed
one
small
SPECIES
cow
"
manure
after floweringceases
40" to 50" ; March
to Sept.
June
frame,
sunny
HARDY
SPECIES
CULTURi:
OF
in
beds,
borders,
on
grass
sunny
March
Nov.
ju lines
2 in.
deep
"
with
POT
mould
decayed
or
Compost,
sand.
to
Dec,
two
parts sandy
Position, well-drained
largebulbs
singly,or
apart ; large
Nov.
manure,
bulbs
in.
for
Lift, divide,
CULTURE
or
Depth
masses.
"
replant
every
bulbs, lin.
third year.
one
part leaf-
:
Compost,
well-decayed cow
manure,
two
one
deep in similar
then
from
time of potting till growth commences,
till past flowering,
afterwards
greenhouse or window
sized bulbs
ashes
hardy
ones
keep dry
to
"
plants.
loam,
to
Bell). Ord.
(Squill; Blue
bulbous
pots
year.
S. Terticillata,80
1 in.
in cold frame,
in sunny
spot
till
commences
weak
stimulants
cool
outdoors.
time
Water
moderately from
growth
then keep dry. Repot annually. Apply
twice
or
once
during flowering period. Propagate by seeds sown
in
1-16 in. deep in lightsandy soil in boxes or cold frame, or outdoors
when
lifting" planted, as
Sept. ; offsets from old bulbs removed
for full-sized bulbs.
advised
Seedlings flower when 3 to 4 years old.
6 to 13 in., Algeria; peruHALP-HAIIDT
SPECIES:
S. peruviana, lilao. May,
viana
foliagefades,
alba, white.
SPECIES:
HARDT
bifolia rosea,
rose
\\\
Kiirope;
S.
;
festalis
festalis
alba,
white;
festalis
1
hispanica (Spanish Squill), blue, May,
flosh ; hispanioa rosea,
liispanioa oarnea,
(Siberian Squill),blue, Feb., 3 to G in., Asia
393
rosea,
rose;
ft., Europe;
festalis
cernua,
blue;
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
OARDBNING.
Scirpus
(Club Grass; Eush). Ord.
water
hardy perennial marsh
or
plants.
"
CTJLTUEE
OF
HARDY
lakes, streams,
of
division, Oct.
to
Cyperaceas.
"
Greenhouse
SPECIES:
gins
Soil, ordinary. Position, marponds. Plant, Oct. to April. Propagate by
"
April.
CULTURE
OP
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
Compost, equal parts
loam, leaf -mould, " little sand.
Position, small pots arranged along
front of staging,or in hanging baskets.
Water
Pot, Feb. or March.
March
to
other
times.
Oct.,
moderately
Temp., March
abundantly
to Oct. SS'^to 65" ; Oct. to March
45" to 55".
Propagate by division
of plants in March.
HARDY
Rush),
SPECIES
ringed
stems
GREENHOUSE
3
to
S.
:
with
laouatris
SPECIES:
in., leaves
nodosns
S.
slender
round,
ScolopendriUlYl
and
zebrina
4 to
reddish,
(Syn.
(Variegated Porciiijine
5
ft., Britain.
Isolepi"gracilis), the
Club
Rush,
drooping, Tropics.
fern.
Fronds,
CULTURE
evergreen
OUTDOOR
Tabernsemontani
yellow, inflorescence
strap-shaped,crested,
or
Filices.
Hardy
contorted.
; Soil, one
part each of fibrous peat " loam,
rubbish.
mortar
or
oyster shells, " limestone
Position, shady borders, rookeries, chinks of old stone or brick walls, or
"
of
one
sand,
broken
frame, greenhouse
Feb.
or
March.
or
Water
Compost,
varieties,
omnilacerum,
on
Shade
to
division
time;
Position, pots
from
sun
essential.
in
cold
Pot,
of fine
surface
weather.
above.
of
peat in well-drained
pans,
-or
plants, March
April.
CULTIVATED:
numerous
as
dwelling-room.
freelyMarch
copiouslyin dry
Water
banks.
Plant, April.
INDOOR
CULTURE;
S.
as
ramosum,
forms.
Thistle).
Scoiymus
(Spanish Oyster Plant; Golden
First
positae. Hardy annual, biennial, " perennialherbs.
"
Ord. Comintroduced
1630.
Plant
borders.
Position, sunny
nial
perenSow
seeds
of
annual
to
Oct.
species
April.
species(S.grandittorus),
(S. maculatus) " of biennial species(S.hispanicus)Jin. deep where
or
April-. Thin seedlingsto 8 or 12 in. apart
requiredto grow in March
as
above,
when
in.
2
high. Propagate perennialspeciesby seeds sown
CULTURE
or
by
division
ANNUAL
BIENNIAL
Aug.,
2 to
PERENNIAL
Soil, ordinary.
in
of roots
April.
yellow, July, 2 to
hispanicus (Spanish Oyster
SPECIES:
SPECIES:
S. maculatus,
ft., roots
edible, Europe.
S.
SPECIES
S.
grandiflorus,yellow. May,
3
or
ft., Europe.
Golden
ft., N.
Thistle),yellow.
Africa.
See Myosotis.
(Myosotisdissitiflora).
Scorpion
Iris.
See
Iris
alata).
(Iris
Scorpion
Senna.
(CoronillaEmerus). See Coronilla.
Scorpion
ceous
Scorzonera
(Vipers'Grass). Ord. Compositae. Hardy herba1576.
First introduced
Roots,
perennial with edible roots.
Grass
"
"
"
"
with
dark
skin, sweet-flavoured.
Soil, ordinary fine, rich, deeply trenched, free from
of three or four,
seeds in groups
Sow
stones.
Position, sunny,
open.
Thin seedlings
in
in.
"
18
in.
drills
in
April.
apart
in.
deep,
I
12
apart,
carrot-shaped, white
CULTURE:
flower heads
Remove
soon
as
high to one in each group.
in layers
"
store
their
twist
off
in
leaves,
roots
the
Oct.,
Lift
seen.
as
until required for
outhouse
in cellar or
soil between
sand
or
with
lib. sulphate of amfor:
kainit,
Artiiicial
2Jlb.
raanuies
cooking.
when
3 in.
393
GAllDBNING.
OF
BNOrCLOPJBniA
of soda
after
nitrate
six weeks
1 cwt.
sowing. Sow in April,
Thin
in
in.
seed
18
drills
seedlingsearly to 9 in.
apart.
sowing
thinly
and
in bundles
acre
of 8 to
8 to
12
in
store
even
of seed
to 300
June
to
bushels.
sow
an
Average
years.
S.
Market
clumps outdoors.
Quantity
straight roots.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
and
200
12 lb.
seeds, 2
life of
in November
Lift roots
apart.
to
Europe.
(Crocus biflorus).See
Scotch
Scotch
Scotch
Scotch
Scotch
Scotch
Crocus
Elm
Scotch
Scotch
Scotch
Primrose
Rose
Shamrock
Crocus.
"
"
"
Kale.
Laburnum
"
See
Brassica.
"
"
"
Trifo-
lium.
Scotch
Screw
Thistle
Pine
Pea."
Scurvy
Scutellaria
Stove
and
herbaceous
(Pandanus
See
odoratissimus).
"
See
Pandanus.
Psoralea.
(Helmet Flower;
perennials.
Skull
Cap).
"
Ord.
Scrophulariacea?.
OF
STOVE
SPECIES
: Compost, two
parts loam, one part
" sand.
Position,
equal proportionsof leaf-mould, decayed manure,
of year.
lightpart of stove, Sept. to June; sunny cold frame remainder
Prune
shoots directly after flowering(Feb.) to
Pot, Feb. or March.
Good
within 3 in. of ba'^e.
drainage essential.
Nip off pointsof main
3 in. long, also of lateral shoots
of similar length,
when
shoots when
Water
induce
to
bushy growth.
freely April to Sept., moderately
a
afterwards.
once
Syringe daily April to Sept. Apply stimulants
Juno
55"
Dec.
to
to
March
March
to
to
week
65";
May
Temp., Sept.
CULTUEE
of
70" to 80'^.
CULTUEE
sunny
replant only
of firm
OP
borders
or
when
shoots,
HAEDY
SPECIES;
rockeries.
Plant,
Soil, ordinary.
March
or
STOVE
SPECIES:
HAHDT
and
SPECIES:
open
divide "
April. Lift,
Position,
S.
ooooinea,
scarlet, summer,
12
18
to
2 to 3 ft., Mexico.
yellow, summer,
S. alpina, purple, Aug., 6 to 8 in.,
S.E.
seeds
sown
in., Colombia;
Europe;
doors
outmoe-
Intcrifolia,
America.
Scutlcarla."
Ord.
introduced
1834.
CULTUEE:
Compost,
with
little sand
"
moss,
Orchidacce.
Stove
epiphytalorchids.
"
chopped sphagnum
Position, well-drained
charcoal.
394
First
pots, pans,
bnuyc'loPjEdia
baskets
or
in
Water
gardening.
of
light part
mences.
of greenhouse.
Pot when
new
growth comNov.
to
March
March.
to
from
Nov., moderately
frsely
twice daily whilst making growth.
Ventilate
or
freely
Oct.
55"
to 65"; Oct. to April 45" to 55".
Temp., April to
Syringe once
May to Sept.
Growing period,Feb.
division
by
to March
; resting period,Oct. to Feb.
pseudo-bulbs immediatelyafter flowering.
of
S. Hadweni,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
greenish yellow, white, and
to 18 in., Brazil;
white
and
Steelii,yellow, chocolate, creamy
periods of the year, British Guiana.
ScyphanthUS.
See
"
Buckthorn
Sea
Sea
Sea
BugrlOSS.
orthia.
Heath
See Anchusa.
"
EryngO
Seaf
Grammatocarpus.
Daffodil
Sea
Sea
"
See
Archontophoenix.
(Frankenia laevis).See
(Eryngium maritimum).
Fraukenia.
"
Holly
summer,
rose,
purple, -various
Sea,
Propagate
"
See
Beet
Lavender
Seakale."
Seakale
See
Erygium.
Crambe.
(Beta Cicla).
"
See
Beta.
See Statice.
(StaticeLimonium).
See
Flovwer
(Dicentra spectabilis).- Dicentra.
See Uniola.
Oat
(Uuiola latifolia).
Pink
(Armeriamaritima). See Armeria.
Daffodil
Sea-shore
(Narcissusodorus). See Narcissus.
Sea-side
Poppy
(Glaucium luteum). See Glaucium.
Rocket
Sea-side
(Cakilemaritima). See Cakile.
Sea
Seal
Sea
Sea
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
(Aeplenium marinum).
Spleenwort
Sea-side
"
See
Asple-
nium.
Stock
Sea-side
Starvwort
Sea
Sedgre.
Sedum
(Stonecrop).Ord. Crassulaceae.
biennials, "
herbaceous
perennials,
loam.
Plant
Nov
hardy
green
everorn.
Water
freelyApril to Oct., very little afterwards.
to Oct. 45" to 55".
40" to 50" ; March
to March
or
SPECIES
: Soil, ordinary
PERENNIAL
HARDY
OP
"
rockeries
borders.
or
shady dryish
Position,
April
Oct
Temp
OXJLTUEE
sandy
"
Flowering "
SPECIES
: Compost, two
parts sandy
GREENHOUSE
of
equal proportionsof dried
part brick rubbish, one part
in
greenhouse. Pot,
sunny
Position, pots or pans
" sand.
dung
to
Greenhouse
annuals.
OF
CULTURE
loam, one
Feb
Carex.
"
"
cow
See
"
"
"
sunny
to
CULTURE
dryish banks, rockeries,
"
replanttriennially.
SPECIES
ANNUAL
Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
borders.
temp.
loam
time.
Hardy speciesbjrseeds
or
April.
of the roots in March
ANNUAL
HaW
-acre
SPECIES:
PERENNIAL
aureum,
8.
oasruleum,
SPECIES
sown
outdoors
blue, July, 3
S.
acre
in.,
S.
in
April, or
division
Europe.
tain
(Stonecrop), yellow June, 3 in., Brialbum
1 ft., Siberia;
yellow, summer,
ENOYCLOPJSDIA
GARDENING.
OF
4 in., Europe
(Worm
Grass), white, summer,
(Britain); brevifolium, white, June,
in., Mediterranean
Region; Ewersii, pink, Aug., 4 to 6 in., Siberia; higpanioum
dasyphyllum, pink,
(Syn. S. glauoum), pink and
white, July, 3 in., S. Europe;
lydium,
6 in., Eamtsohatka;
July, 3 in., Europe;
kamtsohaticum,
yellow, autumn,
white
and
3 in., pink, Aug., 2 in., Asia
red,
Minor;
maximum,
pink, summer,
1ft., Japan; oppositifolia,
Au^., 1 to 2 ft., Europe; Maximowioszii, yellow, summer,
white, July, 6 in., Caucasus;
populifolium, pink, Aug., 8 to 10 in., Siberia; pul4 to 6 in., N.
America;
reflezum, yellow, summer,
chellum, rosy purple, summer,
6 to 10 in.,
8 to 10 in., Europe;
roseum
(Rose Root), reddish
purple, summer,
stolonifenun
N.
1 to
2 ft., Japan;
Zone;
Temperate
spectabile, pink, autumn,
and
its varieties
albom
6 in., Caucasus,
(Syn. S. spurium), pink, summer,
(white)
and
1 ft.,
LiTe-long), pink, summer,
splendens
(red); telephium (Orpine or
Pyrenees.
3
Sieboldii
medio-pictum,
pink, summer,
variegatam
(Syn. S.
pink, China.
striped with white, stems
variegatum), leaves green
Sela.g;il^6ll3'
(Creeping Moss; Tree Club Moss). Ord.
S.
SPECIES:
GREENHOUSE
blotched
with
in., Japan;
white,
sarmentosum
leaves
carneum
LycopoFirst
foliageplants. Evergreen.
or
creeping or erect; branched; green
"
greenhouse
"
Stove
diacejB.
1860.
introduced
Fronds,
orn.
variegated.
CTJLTUEE
March.
or
moss.
or
rockeries
copiouslyApril
Water
to
Sept.55"
to 65" for
inserted in
SPECIES:
W.
orythropus,
W". Indies;
GREENHOUSE
Braunii, 12
Pot
or
plant Feb.
Sept., moderately afterwards.
sun.
Temp., Sept. to March
stove species
; Sept. to March
greenhouse species. Propagate
above
compost in v?ell-drained
in a temp, of 80" at all seasons.
S. canaliculata, creeping, Trop. Asia;
cuspidata, W. Indies;
hcematodes,
Galeolottii, C. America;
grandis, Borneo;
Indies;
to
to
to
chopped sphagnum
"
in shade.
Wildencvi,
climbing,
SPECIES:
refuse
Trop.
S.
Asia.
(Syn.
apus
kraussiana
18 in., China;
aurea,
or
trailing, S. Africa ; kraussiana
Mexico
variegata, variegated ;
; Martensii
to
S.
apoda
(Syn. Lycopodium
or
densa), N. America;
denticulatum), oreeping
"
CULTURE
moss
sand.
"
Compost,
drained
Water
freelyMarch
April.
to Sept. 65" to 85" ;
March
growths
by division
of the
or
pans
part sphagnum
of their depth.
to Oct., moderately afterwards.
60" to 65".
Sept. to March
one-third
of
in centre
Flowers
appear
finished.
Propagate all the species
desirable.
last made
Position, pots
or
Repot, March
Temp.,
Shade
two
after
roots
growth
at
has
and
S. boissorianum,
white, autumn,
CULTIVATED:
yellow, green
various
Bolivia;
oaudatum,
oaricinum, white, rose, yellow and green,
seasons,
lindleyanum,
America;
and
spring, Central
white, crimson, bronze
green,
creamy
and
yellow, and
Guiana;
rose,
longifolium, green,
red, winter, British
green
all the
and
Costa
Rica
yellow,
Schlimii,
white,
rose,
white, various
seasons,
;
SPECIES
Peru;
year,
Colombia.
Also
many
Sempervivum
hardy succulent-leaved
CULTURE
OF
HARDY
hybrids
for
which
see
trade
lists.
"
Greenhouse
(House-leek). Ord. Crassulaceae.
perennials. Leaves, fleshy,green or variegated.
taining
SPECIES
sandy, con: Soil, ordinary light,
"
chinks, crevices,
Position, open " sunny;
a little old mortar.
If
to June.
March
borders.
to
Plant,
or
ledges of rockeries ; edgings
double
rows.
in
or
Topsingle
used for edgings, plant close together
Housewith old " dried cow
dung. Common
dress
annually in March
396
CULTURE
CINERARIA:
S.
OF
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOr^niA
Compost,
same
Pot,
above.
as
Water
Lift in Sept.
moderately
in June.
outdoors
Plant
March.
in
inserted
in pots. Propagate by cuttings of side shoots
if grown
in. deep same
seeds
in
in
65"
sown
soil
March;
of
J
sandy
pots
temp.
time and
soil,transplanting seedlingsinto small pots and growing in
till June.
greenhouse
CULTURE
loam.
Position,
SPECIES
: Soil, deep rich
with
border.
or
Plant, March
April. Mulch
HARDY
OP
moist
partially shady
Water
freely in dry weather.
annually in March.
decayed manure
in
seeds
sown
April1-16 in. deep in a
Propagate greenhouse speciesby
in well-drained
"
of
sand,
loam,
leaf-mould,
pots
equal parts
compost
soil
in
"
similar
inserted
63"
in
to
75";
cuttings
or
by
temp.
pans
in.
seeds
sown
in
J
deep
or
summer.
Hardy
by
species
spring
temp,
in
outdoors
8.
1
double, summer,
and
April.
division
April;
SPECIES:
ANNUAL
to
colours, single
various
ft., S. Africa.
"
Dusty
maritima), the
{Syn. Cineraria
also
for
carpet bedding,
silvery, 1 to 2 ft., used
Mediterranean
cruenta), parent of the well-known
(Syn. Cineraria
Region ; cruentus
1 to 2 ft., perennial, but grown
annual, Canaries;
an
as
cinerarias, purple, summer,
(German
climber, S. Africa; mikanioides
macroglossus {Cape Ivy), yellow, summer,
Ivy), yellow, winter, climber, 8. Africa.
doronicum
1 ft.,
HAEDT
SPECIES
S.
(Leopard's
:
Bane), yellow, summer,
Europe ; argenteus, foliage silvery, 1 ft.. Chili ; japonicus (Syn. Ligularia japonica),
4 to 5 ft., .Japan;
K:i mpferi
aureo-maculatus
yellow, autumn,
(^yn, Farorange,
with
and
maeroyellow, white
fugium grande), leaves blotched
rose, 1 ft., Japan;
4 to 5 ft., Caucasus.
phyllus (Syn. Ligularia macrophylla), golden yellow, summer,
Senna
See Cassia.
Plant."
SPECIES
GllEBNHOUSE
Miller,"
yellow,
Sensitive
Fern
Sensitive
"
Plant
Sequoia
Hardy
CULTURE
coniferous
Soil, sandy loam
Plant,
or
sown
frames
in
handle,
shoots
inserted
Sept. "
spring.
SPECIES
Tree
of
"
pans
of
May.
sandy
seeds
Propagate by
loam
placedin
cold
frame,
in
fers.
ConiOrd.
First introduced
1853.
reclaimed
Position, sunny
bog.
trees.
evergreen
;
sheltered.
250
cineraria
8.
:
leaves
summer,
in sandy loam
under
Oct. ; variegated kinds
CULTIVATED:
California,
300
S.
gigantea
ft., California;
bell-glass,
hand-light,or cold
on
common
species
by grafting
to
ft., California.
Serapias
terrestrial
CULTURE
(Tongue-flowered Orchid).
"
orchids.
First
Compost,
introduced
Ord.
Orchidacese.
Hardy
1786.
loam
or
clay mixed with piecesof
well-drained
borders.
Plant, August
deep
svinny
to Nov., placing tubers
2 in. below
surface.
Water
freely during
with
growing period. Mulch
or
decayed manure
annually in March
April. Lift " replantwhen unhealthy only. Propagate by division of
tubers, Aug. to Nov.
limestonei
SPECIES
calcareous
Position,
CULTIVATED:
Europe;
"
SeriCOSraphis."
Gourd
Serpent
Beard
Serpent's
S. oordigera, lavender
and
brown, spring, 1 ft., Europe.
Saussurca.
See
brown,
summer,
ft.,
Jacobinia.
"
398
ENCYCLOl'.JSDIA
Serpent's-tong^ue
OF
GARDKNING.
(Erythronium
americanum)."
Seo
Ery-
thronium.
Service-berry
Amelanchier.
"
Service-tree
(Pyrus
Seven
Sisters
Rose
Seville
Orangre-treef
Sorbus)."See Pyrus.
(Eosa multiflora Grevillea)."
(Citrus aurantium
Shaddock-tree
(Citrus
decumana).
Shasgry-fruited
Rose
Primrose
amara)."
See
"
Sec
See
Citrus.
Sec Eose.
(Eosa villosa)."
See
(Primula villosa)."
(Lychnis liaageana)."See Lychnis.
Shag-gy-leaved
Shag:g'y
LycliniS
Rosa.
Citrus.
Shaggy
Primula.
Windflovver
(Anemone vernalis). See Anemone.
Shallon-Shrub
(Gaultheria Shallon)." See Gaultheria.
"
Shallot
Shamrock
(Allium ascalonicum\
See
"
Onion.
Pea
Shanghai
"
"
mum
Trachelosper
Shasta
Daisy
Sheep'S-bit
Sheep's-poison
(Chrysanthemum
Scabious
1759.
mum.
Chrysanthe-
See Jasione.
"
(Cheloneobliqua)."See
introduced
See
Shepherdia
(Beef Suet Tree; Eabbit
Ord. Elaeagnaceae. Hardy deciduous
shrub.
First
"
(Jasionemontana).
Laurel
Shell-flower
maximum).
Fruit, scarlet
"
Berry;
Orn.
Buffalo
Berry)."
foliage " fruiting.
Leaves,
yellow.
ovate
"
silvery.
CTJLTUEE
inland
or
sown
Soil,
seaside
in.
deep
in Feb.
or
ordinary. Position,
Plant, Oct.
gardens.
"
shady shrubberies
Propagate by seeds
or
open
to
Feb.
outdoors
Dec. ; by cuttings of roots
in Nov.
inserted
or
March
in ordinary soil outdoors; layering shoots in
autumn.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
ft., N.
to
S.
argentea
10
ft., N.
(Beef
America;
Suet
Tree, Rabbit
Berry, Buffalo
canadensis, yellow, spring, 3 to
America.
Shield
Fern
(Aspidium aculeatum
Shield-leaved
Saxifrage
"
fraga.
Shingle-plant
Shirley
Poppy.
Shoe-black-plant
Stars
Shooting
Shortia.
"
Ord.
See
(Moustera deliciosa)."
See
"
Monstera.
Papaver.
See Hibiscus.
(Hibiscusrosa-sinensis).
See
Dodecatheon.
(Dodecatheon Meadia).
herb.
First
Hardy
perennial
Diapensiaceae.
"
"
troduced
in-
1888.
CtlLTUEE:
April.
Water
cocoanut-fibre
in April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
"
dry
S.
bracken.
"
leaf-mculd.
Position,
cold frame.
Protect
with
thick
Propagate by division
or
galacifolia,white, spring, 3 to
in., N.
Plant,
layer
of
of roots
Carolina;
Shrubby
Shrubby
Siberian
Siberian
Cinquefoil
See
(Potentillafruticosa)."
Potentilla.
Meadow-sweet
See
(Spiraeaariasfclia)."
Iris (Irissibirica'l. See Iris.
Spiraia.
"
La'dy'S-Slipper
(Cypripedium macranthum)."
Cypripedium.
399
See
Siberian
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
(Delphinium grandiflorum).
Larkspur
"
nium.
Delphi-
See
Orang^e
Squill
Lily
"
"
"
Position, moist
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
S.
Sidalceai-^rd.
europsea
Malvaceae.
N.
Europe
perennial herbs.
Hardy
(Britain).
First introduced
1838.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary.
to
April.Lift, divide,
by
seeds
sown
1 in.
when
SPECIES
^ in.
high;
division
of
S.
3
summer,
in
roots, Oct.
ft., N.W.
America,
or
April,transplantingseedlings
April.
to
Candida, white,
borders.
Plant, Oct.
four years.
Propagate
sunny
three
every
CULTIVATED:
flora, lilac,
Position,
replant
"
summer,
and
ft., New
Mexico;
malvse-
varieties, atropurpureum
its
Listeri (pink).
(purple) and
Side-saddle-flovtfer
(Sarraceniapurpurea). See Sarracenia.
Sieber's
Crocus
(CrocusSieberi). See Crocus.
Siebold's
Plantain
Lily (Punkia Sieboldi).^See Punkia.
Siebold's
Primrose
(Primula Sieboldi)."See Primula.
Siebold's
Stonecrop
(Sedum Sieboldi). See Sedum.
Sikkim
Cowslip
(Primula sikkimensis). See Primula.
Sikkim
Rhubarb
(Rheum nobile). See Rheum.
Silene
(Campion;
Catchfly). Ord.
Caryophyllaceae. Hardy
herbaceous
annuals
"
perennials.
ANNUAL
AND
BIENNIAL
SPECIES
CULTURE
OF
: Soil, ordinary
beds or borders.
Sow seeds in August
light or sandy. Position, sunny
or
Sept., I in. deep iu a bed of lightrich soil; transplanting seedlings
when
1 in. high, 2 to 3 in. apart ; ", plant 6 in. apart in floweringposition
Sow
also in similar depth " position
in March
for springblooming.
1 in. high to floweringpositionsfor summer
in April,transplantwhen
required to grow " flower in April,thinning
blooming. Or sow where
"
"
"
"
"
"
out
seedlings in May
or
June
to
in
apart.
PERENNIAL
OF
SPECIES:
CULTURE
Soil, sandy loam, enriched
with decayed cow
dung; J loam, J peat, J stones for S. Elisabethse,
Position, sunny
acaulis, and rupestris;ordinary soil for other kinds.
for S. acaulis, S. alpestris,
S. rupescrevices or ledges of rockeries
tris,
for
S. pennsylvanica," S. Elisabethae; open borders
S. virginica,
March
fi.
Top-dress
maritima
Plant,
or
S.
April.
annually in
pi.
loam.
Lift
"
"
with
March
dung
replant only
sandy
decayed cow
in
when
Propagate perennials by seeds sown
absolutely necessary.
loam
"
covered
with
fine
of
boxes
leaf-moiild,
or
sandy
lightly]
pans
in March
or
April; hy cuttings of
mould, " placed in cold frame
cold
frame
iu summer;
inserted
in
loam
in
shoots
sandy
by
young
division
in
March
or
SPECIES:
ANNUAL
varieties ; armoria
many
April.
S.
Begion;
pondulfi, pink, spring, 6 in., Mediterranean
William
Catchfly), pink, July, 1 ft., Europe.
(Sweet
400
BNOYGLOPMBIA
BIENNIAL
PEB.ENNIAL
N.
Temperate
OF
GARDENING.
SPECIES:
S. oompaota,
18 In., Asia
Minor.
pink, summer,
SPECIES:
S. aoaulis
(Cushion Pink; Moss
Pink), pint, June, 3 in.,
Zone; aoaulis alba, white; aoaulis grandiflora, crimson;
alpestris
Silk-vine
Silk-weed
"
Silphium
"
perennial herbs.
CULTUEE:
to
division
by
SPECIES
"
replant every
roots, Oct. to April.
of
two
borders.
three
or
Plant,
Oct.
Propagate
years.
CULTIVATED:
S. laciniatum
(Compass
Plant), yellow, July, 4 to 6 ft.,
pertoliatum (Cup Plant), yellow, July, 6 to 8 ft., N. America.
Silver
Bell
Tree
(Halesia tetraptera)."See Halesia.
Primrose
Silver-edsed
(Primula margiiiata)."See Primula.
Fir
Silver
(Abiespectinata). See Abies.
Grass
Silver
(Phalarisarundinacea
variegata). See Phalaris.
Beech
Silver-leaved
(Fagus sylvaticaargentea-variegatis).
See Fagus.
Silver
Maiden-hair
Fern
(Nothochlaena nivea). See Nothochlsena.
Silver
Maple
(Acer dasycarpum). See Acer.
Silver
Rod
(Asphodelua ramosus). See Asphodelus.
Silver
Thatch-palm
(Thrinax argentea). See Thrinax.
Silver-tree
(Elaeagnusargentea").See Elasagnus.
Yew
Silver-varieg'ated
(Taxus baccata
argentea). See
N.
America;
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Taxus.
Silver
"
Wattle
Cedar
Silver
"
"
"
"
"
See
(Salviaargentea). See
(Halimodendron
Sage
Silvery-leaved
Silvery-leaved
"
Salt-tree
Halimodendron.
Reed
"
Fern
Tree
foliage.
^
sown
large,
Leaves,
with
variegated
Position, open
Soil, ordinary.
in.
deep
where
in March
plants
(Blessed, Holy
S. Marianum
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
"
"
ctlLTtJEE :
seeds
Salvia.
argenteum)."
Silvery
Silvery
Silybum
Orn.
SeeSenecio.
See Elasagnus.
herb.
white
veins.
broad
borders.
Propagate
are
or
to
Milk
grow.
Thistle),3
to
by
ft,,
Europe.
Simpson's
Simpsoni).^See
Hardy
known
CULTURE
mould
Cactus
(Echmocactus
Gesneriaceae.
Stove tuberous-rooted
Plants
in 1739.
First
introduced
of Gloxinia.
the name
under
:
Compost, equal parts fibrous peat, fibrous loam, leaf-
Sinningia
flowering plants.
better
Hedgehog
Ecbinocactus.
.^Ord.
(Gloxinia)
well-decayed
Deciduous.
manure,
"
401
Position, well-
drained
pots
glass
close
to
when
in
in
tubers
when
stove
while
growing; greenhouse
Place
Pot, Jan., Feb., or March.
surface, in 3 or 4-in. pots, shiftinginto
have
growth.
started
moderately
Water
then
flowering,gradually
After
show.
flowers
plant
flower.
conservatory
singly, " just below
tubers
6-in. pots when
5 or
till growth is well advanced,
or
GARDENINO.
OF
ENCYOLOPMDIA
liquidmanure
withhold
till
water
Temp.,
potting time.
to Oct. 65" to 75"; Oct. to Jan. 50" to 55".
Jan.
Propagate by seeds
in well-drained
surface
of fine sandy peat " leaf-mould,
sown
on
pots
75"
of
in.
65"
1
to
2
to
in
in
shoots
or
March;
long
cuttings
temp.
pans
inserted in small pots of sandy peat under
bell-glassin temp, of 65"
in small pots of sandy soil
leaves with stalk inserted
to 75" ; young
leaves
with
mid-ribs
cut " laid on
treated
as
face
surcuttings; matured
of sandy peat in temp. 55" to 75".
then
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Brazil.
Latter
S.
epcoiosa
of
parent
speeles
till
the
6
in
to
12
i-i.,
gardens
of
day.
present
Sisyrinchium
Hardy
(Satin-flower;Rush
Iridacese.
CULTUEE
OF
"
Lily;
half-hardyperennials. First
HARDY
SPECIES
Spring Bell)."Ord.
introduced
1693.
Soil, two
s'audyloam, leaf-mould,
all the
to
"
round.
year
san"i.
Position, sunny
Pot, Oct.
March.
cold
frame
or
house
green-
Water
freely,March
Repot annually. Propagate by
to
offsets, removed
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
grandiflorum
album,
S. angTistifolium, Ijliie,
summer,
1 ft., N.W.
6 to 8 in., N. America;
America;
grandiflomm
white.
SitCha
Water-leaf
Sium
(Skirret).Ord. Umbelliferse.
nial.
First introduced
1548.
Roots,
sweet-flavoured.
"
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary fine, rich, deeply trenched, free from
Position, sunny, open.
Sow
seeds in groups
of three or four,
in. apart, in drills \ in. deep " 18 in.
in
lings
apart
April. Thin seed-
stones.
12
when
in.
high
to one
in each
Remove
flower heads
group.
the roots in Oct., twist off their leaves, " store
in layers with sand or soil 'between in cellar or outhouse
until required
for cooking. Artificial manures:
2ilb. kainit, lib. sulphate of ammonia,
mixed
2ilb. of guano
rod
per
(30i sq. yardsl, applied
square
before sowing in spring. Requires to be raised from
seed
annually
for producing roots for culinary purposes.
as
soon
as
SPECIES
Lift
seen.
CULTIVATED:
Skimmia.
"
402
japonica,
E'N CYC
LOT.
EDI
Skinner's
Skirret
(Sium Siaarum).
Slipper
Flower."
Columbine
OF
CrABDENING.
(AquilegiaSkinneri)."See Aqiiilegia.
"
See
See Sium.
Calceolaria.
Slipper
Spongre
See Pedilanthea.
(Pedilanthustithymaloides)."
Elm
Slippery
(Fremontia calif ornica) See Fremontia.
Sloe
(Prunus spinosa). See Prunus.
Sloe-tree
(Prunus spiuoaa). See Prunus.
Smilaclna
(FalseSpikenard). Ord. Liliaceae. Hardy perennials.
"
"
"
"
Nat. N. America,
Sikkim.
First introduced
1633.
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary light deep, rich.
Position, partially
borders.
shady, moist shrubberies, woodlands, banks
or
Plant, Oct.
to March.
division
Propagate by
of
roots, Oct.
to
March.
SPECIES
CULTIYATED:
S. raoemosa
(False Spikenard), white, May,
stellata (Star-flowered Lily of the Talley), white. May, 8 ft., N.
America;
See also the genus
Maianthemum.
Smilax
ft., N.
America,
Liliaceae.
Hardy
1648.
foliage.
evergreen
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
walls, arbours, trellises,
banks.
sion
or
Plant, Sept. or Oct.; March
or
April. Propagate by diviof roots at planting time.
S. aspera
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
(Prickly Ivy), white, insignificant,July, 10 to
15 ft., Mediterranean
mauritanica,
Kegion ; aspera
(China
improved variety; China
and
Root), 20 to 30 ft., China
Japan;
glauca (Sarsaparilla), 3 ft., N. America;
For
the
rotundifolia, 10 to 15 ft., N. America.
see
greenhouse Smilax
genus
Asparagus.
Smoke-tree
(Ehus cotlnus). See Rhus.
Snail-flovwer
(Phaseolus caracalla). ^See Phaseolus.
Snake
Fern
(Lomaria Spicant). See Lomaria.
Snake
Gourd
(Trichosauthesanguina). See Trichosanthes.
Orn.
First
introduced
"
"
"
"
Snake-root
Snake'S-beard
Snake's-head
Fritillaria.
Cimicifuga.
See
racemosa).
(Cimicifuga
"
(Fritillana meleagris).
Fritillary
Fern
Snake'S-tongue
"
(Lygodium
See
iaponicxim\
"
See
Lygo-
dium.
Snapdragon
"
Snow-ball-tree
"
Snow-berry-tree
(Symphoricarpusracemosus).
"
See
Symphori-
carpus.
Snowdrop
(Galanthus nivalis).See Galanthus.
Anemone
(Anemone sylvestris).See Anemone.
Snowdrop
(Halesiatetraptera).See Halesia.
Snovwdrop-tree
mone.
Windflovwer
sylvestris).See Ane(Anemone
Snowdrop
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Snowy
Soap
Soap-tree
Soap-wood
"
(Gymnocladus chineusis).
See
(Clethraalnifolia)."
"
403
See Gymnoclaclus.
Clethra.
MKdYCLOpJUDiA
OP
GApPPJSttA'G.
_
See Saponaria.
(Saponaria officinalis).
Soa.p-Vtfort
"
Sobralia.
introduced
1836.
CULTURE
of house
at
depth with coarse
all
part
two
Compost,
equal proportions of coarse
sand
Feb.
Pot,
seasons.
of
of
Position, light
filling
pot J
March,
or
part
one
First
of its
cient
suffisoil
moderately
compost to
firm.
Water
copiously,Aprilto Sept. ; moderately other times.
from
Shade
weak
stimulants
to established
plants in summer.
Apply
when
soil
is
overcrowded
with
roots.
Buu
Eepot only
unnecessary.
Temp., Oct. to April 55" to 65" ; April to Oct. 65" to 75". Growing
period all
Propagate
the
loam
charcoal.
broken
"
orchids.
terrestrial
Stove
Orchidacese.
Ord.
"
year
by
round.
division
Flowers
potting
at
layer
in
of
sphagnum
its rim.
at
appear
time.
apex
"
moss
Press
of
new
growths.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
ft., Costa
"
dendron.
Soft
"
See
Fern
(Aspidium
aculeatum
angulare).
Aspidium.
Solandra.
introduced
CULTURE
:
with
Solanaceae.
Stove
climbing flowering
shrubs.
1781.
Compost,
peat " dry
fibrous
Feb.
Ord.
"
First
beds
Shield
Prickly
shoots
March.
two
cow
manure,
trained
up
rafters
round
or
one
little sand.
"
trellises.
Pot
or
plant,
Water
mainder
freely, April to Oct.
Keep almost
dry reof time.
weak
shoots
Syringe daily, April to Sept. Prune
in moderately close " remove
in Feb.
tips of stronger ones
Temp.,
Oct.
50" to 55" ; March
to March
to Oct.
65" to 85".
Propagate by
refuse
in temp, of
cuttings inserted in light soil or cocoanut-fibre
65"
or
75"
to
SPECIES
in
spring.
CULTIVATED:
purple, spring,
4 to
ft., W.
Solanum
"
plants
1597
10 to
Indies.
15
S. jrandiflora
ft., Trop. America;
(Peach
Trumpet
longiflora,white
or
Egg
in
Potato.
Potato
and
Flower), cream
and
purple, autumn,
house
GreenSolanacese.
ornamental-leaved
in
first introduced
1597.
THE
CULTURE
Classification:
OF
POTATO:
Kidney" oblong,
white
or
coloured; round
roundish, white or coloured; pebble-shaped
flattish oblong, white or coloured.
First carlies: varieties maturing
in June; second
earlies : varieties maturing in July " August; late or
Soil, deep, rich loam
main-crop; varieties maturing in Sept. " Oct.
or
Light soils best for
any kind except very heavy clay or bog land.
Position, slopingborders facing south for earlies,"
early crops.
very
garden for second
(1) IJ cwt.
early " main crops. Manures:
open
rod
of potash per square
farmyard dung " 1 lb. of muriate
(30J sq.
in autumn
rod
3
lb.
of
applied
yards) applied
superphosphate
;
per sq.
at planting time ; " 1 lb. of nitrate of soda appliedper sq. rod when
shoots are
6 in. high. (2)No
1 lb. of kainit
farmyard manure.
per
rod
in
of
lb.
autumn;
IJ
superphosphate
sq.
applied
per sq. rod at
plantmg time; " 1 lb. of nitrate of soda " 6 oz. of sulphate of iron
"
"
per
sq. rod
applied when
shoots
are
404
in.
of
superphos-
GAIWENINU
OF
ENCYGLOFMBIA
deaux
Spray late crops just after earthing up with BorSets
14
later.
to
to
:
ten
an
acre
plant
Mixture,
again
days
returns
tone.
12
cwt.
6
to
Average
Average yield per acre:
per
ing
(gross): ^"26 to ^630. Average cost of cultivation per acre, includ-
when
in.
high.
"
16
acre
maturity
etc.
weeks
16
"l"i
after
dE20.
to
planting;
Useful
late
data
Early
crops
weeks.
lb. if clean, but
sorts, 18
to
24
of tubers
Peck
weighs 20 lb.; hundredweight, 112
1201b.
if unclean;
sack
of potatoes, 1681b.;
bag, 1121b.; ton, 49
bushels.
in heat in earlyspring,
Propagate potatoes by seeds sown
serted
insnoots
plantingseedlings out end of May; cuttings of young
soil
in
heat
late
in
"
out
in
in
light
spring, planting
May;
division of the tubers
in spring.
CULTURE
when
twice
manure
THE
OP
pots in sunny
in temp. 75"
third
EGG
to
85"
leaf
in
Feb.
forms,
Position, in
75"). Sow seeds in light soil
Transplant seedlingsto 3-in.
Syringe folia^fe
pots in May.
to
March.
or
into
"
6-in.
CULTURE
PLANT:
65"
greenhouses (temp.
fruit
to
give
forms
gather when
BERRY-BEARING
weak
liquid
fully coloured.
Compost, equal parts
SPECIES
:
silver sand.
Pot, Feb. or March.
Syringe daily,
water
freely," grow in temp, of 55" to 65". Pinch off pointsof shoots
when
in June, syringe
to cold frame
3 in. long. Transfer
morning "
When
berries set give liquid manure
evening " keep well watered.
twice a week.
Admit
air freely after first week.
Remove
to greenhouse
of Sept., " grow
in a temp, of 55".
middle
Prune
shoots back
to 2 in. in Feb., " when
before.
new
as
growth begins repot ", grow
in rich
soil early in June,
also be planted outdoors
May
points of
removed
shoots
early in July, " plants carefully lifted, placed in
in
for a fortnight,then
"
stood
to
removed
shady cold frame
pots,
in a temp, of 65" to 75"
in
greenhouse. Propagate by seeds sown
Feb., transplanting
seedlingsinto small pots, removing points of
shoots when
3 in. high, " later transferring
to 5-iu. pots. When
shoots
their points, then allow
them
3 in. long remove
to grow
are
naturally.
From
June
onwards
advised
treat
for plants. Also increased
as
by
in
of
inserted
soil
in
65"
in
afterwards
cuttings
sandy
temp,
spring,
loam,
OP
leaf-mould,
treating
rooted
"
cuttings
CULTURE
OF
CLIMBING
CULTURE
OP
HARDY
as
advised
for
seedlings.
SPECIES
:
Compost, equal parts peat,
Position, pots, beds, or tubs, snoots
loam, leaf-mould, " silver sand.
of greenhouse. Plant
trained
Prune
or
pot in March.
up rafters
weak
"
soft
shorten
of
other
shoots
in
Feb.
growths
points
away
in
"
Water
winter.
autumn
"
in
freely
summer;
spring
moderately
45" to 55"; March
55" to 65".
to Oct.
Temp., Oct. to March
gate
Propaof
in
shoots
heat
in
in spring. S.
by cuttings young
sandy peat
be grown
jasminoides may
against S. or S.W. wall outdoors in warm
districts.
peat.
Position, sunny
wall
:
Soil, sandy loam "
districts; shrubberies
cold winds.
Plant, Oct.
SHRUBBY
SPECIES
in Midlands
" cold
mild districts.
Requires protectionfrom
March.
Prune
previous year's growth fairlyclose in Feb. when
walls
weak
out
against
growths " cut off dead ends
"grown
; thin
when
otherwise.
of shoots
Propagate by cuttings of young
grown
in summer.
in sandy soil in cold frame
shoots
in
or
CULTURE
OF
Position, sunny
ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED
beds
borders.
or
406
Plant
SPECIES
in
out-
Soil, ordinary.
June.
Sow
seeds
BNCYCLOPjUDiA
in
annually
in
light soil
in heat
pots
till
TaBEROUS-ROOTED
S. America.
FRUIT-BBAEING
in
May,
temp,
then
SPECIES:
First
intro.
SPECIES:
OABDENINH.
OP
75"
of
harden
in
S. tuberosum
1597.
spring,
planting
for
seedlings
grow
in
out
on
June.
mer,
sum-
Perennial.
S. Melongena
(Aubergine or Egg Plant), flowers
egg-shaped, white, yellow, or purple, Tropics. Annual.
BERRY-BEARING
S.
SPECIES:
Jerusalem
or
oapsicastrum
(Star Capsicum;
Winter
2
Cherry), flowers
1
to
berries
ft.,
white, summer,
scarlet, winter,
Brazil
: capsioastrum
(or pseudo-capsicum) Weatherillii, berries
oval, and
orange-
blue,
2 to
summer,
coloured.
ft., fruit
Greenhouse
CLIMBING
shrubs.
evergreen
S. Jasminoides
SPECIES:
to 20 ft.,
15
summer,
landii, lilac
and
SHRUBBY
ft.. Chili.
15
and
(Jasmine Nightshade), blue
jasminoides noribundum,
free-flowering form;
Brazil;
blue,
10
summer,
SPECIES
S.
crispum
deciduous
Hardy
ft., Costa
ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED
Rica.
Greenhouse
(Potato Tree),
blue
evergreen
purple,
and
white,
Wend-
shrubs.
10
summer,
to
shrub.
SPECIES:
S.
atropurpureum,
purplish,
stems
midrits
stems
white, leaves prickly, Brazil ; marginatum,
woolly and prickly, leaves prickly,
white
and
above
with
robust um,
beneath,
stems
woolly,
white;
green
margined
leaves velvety above, woolly beneath
and
stems
spiny, Brazil ; Warscewiozii,
red,
midribs
hairy and prickly, leaves green,
prickly, ,S. America.
Perennials, but best
as
half-hardy annuals.
Soldcinella.
(Blue Moon-wort). Ord. Primulaceae.
Hardy perennial
herbs.
First introduced
1656.
CULTURE
tion,
Posi" sharp sand.
: Compost,
equal parts peat " loam
Mulch
sheltered
moist
March
or
Plant,
rockery.
April.
open
of soil in dry weather
refurje.
surface
with
layer of cocoanut-libre
in well-drained
filled
with
Propagate by seeds sown
equal
parts
pans
sandy loam, peat, " sand, " lightly covered with fine soil placed in a
March
cold shady frame,
or
or
April; division of plants in March
grown
"
April.
"
CULTIVATED:
S. alpina, blue, April and
3 in., Alps;
SPECIES
May,
alpina
the
freely than
more
"alba, white:
alpina pyrola^folia, flowers
species; hybrida,
lilac and
blue, April, 3 in., hybrid; minima,
purple, April, 2 in., Europe; montana,
purple, April, 3 in., E. Europe;
pusilla, blue, April, 2 in., Alps.
SolidagO
Hardy hcrbaceon,^
(Golden Rod). Ord. Compositee.
"
perennials.
CULTURE
banks
or
replant
April;
Soil, ordinary.
of
margins
every
seeds
or
sown
4 years.
outdoors
Position,
Plant
water.
Oct.
Propagate
in
or
shady borders or
sunny
to April.
Lift, divide, "
by
division
of
roots, Oct.
to
April.
CULTIVATED:
S.
"
Greenhouse
CULTURE
part
silver
trained
twining shrubs.
Compost, two parts peat,
evergreen
sand.
trellis
wire
to
freely, April
Shade
Aug.
65"; Sept. to March
Water
April
to
Position,
to
to
inserted
in
sand
under
well-drained
one
introduced
part turfy
pots or beds
1830.
loam
with
"
half
shoots"
or
up
rafters
First
or
summer.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Solomon's
Sonerila.
"
orn.
green,
Compost,
"
"
charcoal,
":
Position, well-drained
sand.
OARDENINO.
OF
MNCrotOPMBtA
pots
or
fully exposed
pans
light.
to
wards.
afteressential.
" moist
Temp.,
from
Shade
sun
atmosphere highly
55" to 65".
March
Propagate by
to Sept. 70" to 85"; Sept. to March
covered with fine mould, Jan. to
seeds sown
in above
compost, " lightly
in small pots under
April in a temp, of 75" to 85"; cuttings inserted
Pot, Feb.
March.
or
in tenip. 75"
bell-glass
SPEOIES
white,
and
85", Jan.
to
to
to
Sept.
moderately
May.
CULTIVATED
crimson
freely,April
Water
S.
summer,
summer,
6 to 13 in., lea-ves
leaves
white
and
silvery grey;
argentea, leaves
above, purplish beneath, Burma;
margaritaoea
and
lilac rose,
1 ft., leaves
white;
speciosa (Syn. S.
Hendersonii,
summer,
green
E. Indies.
orbiculata), mauve,
Nov., 9 to 13 in., leaves
green,
Ord.
Laburnum).
Sophora.
(Chinese Pagoda Tree; JS'ew Zealand
green
"
Leguminosae.
Flowering
"
deciduous
"
evergreen
First
1739.
introduced
Half-hardy
foliage.
orn.
trees
"
shrubs.
two partsloam,
HALP-HABDY
SPECIES
: Compost,
" little sand.
Position, in pots
Pot, Oct. to Feb.
tubs
to May;
in light airy part of greenhouse, Oct.
or
or
against S.
in cold weather
with
in warm
Protect
districts.
walls
mats.
outdoors
Feb.
Water
Prune,
or
freely,April to Oct. ; very little afterwards.
50" to 65".
March.
Temp., Oct. to April 40" to 45"; April to May
loam.
CULTURE
OF
HARDY
SPECIES
Position,
: Soil, deep rich
Feb.
Jan.
into
sheltered
lawns.
Oct.
Prune
to
Plant,
shape,
open
Feb.
or
J in. deep in light soil in temp, of
Propagate by seeds sown
55" in April; cuttings inserted in sandy soil in temp, of 55" in March.
S. japonica pendula " S. j.p. variegata by grafting on
common
species
in March.
Zealand
HALF-HARDT
SPECIES
S.
tetraptera
(New
;
Laburnum),
Syn.
and
its varieties
Edwardsia
Zealand;
grandiilora, yellow. May, 6 to 10 ft.. New
grandiflora (large flowered) and
microphylla
leaved). Evergreen.
(narrow
HAHDT
SPECIES:
S. japonica (Chinese Pagoda
Tree), white, Aug., 30 ft., China;
weeping, very graceful. Deciduous.
japonica pendula, branches
Ord.
A
of bigeneric
Orchidaceae.
race
Sophro-Cattieya.
CULTURE
of
one
OF
leaf-mould,
"
hybrid orchids,
the
result
of
between
cross
speciesof Cattleyas.
several
Habit, dwarf.
Flowering in winter.
CULTURE
two
: Compost,
parts coarse
fibry peat, one part chopped
charcoal
" sand.
Position, well-drained
livingsphagnum moss,
pots,
March.
or
Pot, Feb.
hanging baskets, blocks.
Keep plants well
rim
above
of pot.
Partial
shade
desirable.
Water
three
times
to Aug.; once
weekly March
weekly Aug. to Nov. " Feb. to March;
once
to
month
Sept.
March
to
growth.
other
HTBUIDS
to
times.
85";
CULTIVATBD:
S. batemanniana,
scarlet, crimson, and white;
rose,
Chamberlainii
yellow;
purple and
triumphans, rosy
purple and
yellow;
hardyana, red, purple, and
yellow;
and
eximia, purple, rose
yellow;
Queen Empress,
crimson, and purple.
rose,
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
of bigeneric
S'Ophro-Laelia.
Another
race
hybrid orchids, the result of crossing Sophronitis grandiflora with
several
species of Laelias. Habit, dwarf.
CULTURE
two
: Compost,
fibrous peat, one
parts coarse
part living
Calypso,
rosy
"
sphagnum
baskets,
Fill
moss,
pots
pot.
Water
pot
of
charcoal,
"
sand.
or
on
"
basket
only.
plants three
blocks
by means
times weekly, March
to
408
of
to
copper
Aug.;
wire.
once
ENCYCLOPMDIA
weekly, Aug.
to
GARDENING.
other
times.
to March;
Feb.
month
once
a
"
March
twice
to
to Au^. ;
Nov.
a
week, Aug.
daily,
" March;
other times.
once
a week
Syringe freelyin summer.
to Sept. 75" to 85"; Sept. to March
60" to 70".
ing
BestTemp., March
Flowers
at top of new
pagate
period,none.
pseudo-bulb. Proappear
by division of pseudo-bulbs at potting time.
Plants
" Feb.
on
blocks
HrBRIDS
orange,
Nov.
OF
CULTIVATED;
yellow,
and
OrchidaccEe.
Ord.
Sophroniti's
(Scarlet-floweredOrchid).
Dwarf
First introduced
1837.
epiphytal orchids.
evergreen
CULTURE
: Compost,
equal parts peat, sphagnum moss, " charcoal.
small
Position, shallow
baskets
or
suspended from roof. Pot,
pans
Feb. or March.
Shade
from
essential.
most
Water
sun
freely,April
to Oct.; moderately afterwards.
Temp., Oct. to April 55" to 65";
65" to 75".
April to Oct.
Growing period. May to Feb.
Eesting
Flowers
to May.
at apex
period, March
of new
appear
pseudo-bulb.
Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbs,Feb. or March.
S. oernua,
red
and
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
yellow, winter, 3 in., Brazil;
rosy
grandiflora, scarlet,winter, 3 to C in., Brazil; violacea, violet,winter, 3 in.,Brazil.
See Eumex.
Sorrel.
Sour
Sop
^Anona muricata). See Anona.
South
Hare-bell
African
(Boella ciliata). See Boella.
"
"
"
"
Sow-bread
(Cyclamen
Cyclamen.
See Yucca.
(Yucca aloifolia)."
Broom
(Spartium junceum). See Spartium.
Chestnut
(Castanea vesca). See Castanea.
Fennel-flovwer
(Nigella hispanica). See Nigella.
Furze
(Genistahispanica). See Genista.
Gorse
(Genistahispanica). See Genista.
Hyacinth
(Hyaointhus amethystinus). See Hyacineuropseum').-See
"
Spanish
Bayonet
Spanish
"
Spanish
"
Spanish
Spanish
"
"
Spanish
"
Spanish
"
thus.
Iris (IrisXiphium). See Iris.
Jasmine
(Jasminum grandiflorum). See Jasminum.
Moss
(Tillandsiausneoides). See Tillandsia.
Oyster-plant
(Scolymus hispanicus). See Scoly-
Spanish
"
Spanish
"
Spanish
Spanish
"
"
mus.
Potato
Spanish
"
Fir
Spanish
Spanish
"
"
Spanish
"
See
matis.
Cle-
Spanish-tuft
(Thalictrum aquilegifolium).See Thalictrum.
Half(African Harlequin Flower). Ord. Iridacese.
SparaxiS
1758.
introduced
First
bulbous
plants.
hardy
Position, sunny
Soil, light, rich sandy.
CULTURE:
OUTDOOR
bulbs
4 in. deep "
to
Jan.,
border.
placing
Plant, Sept.
well-drained
of bed in
Mulch
surface
bulbs
"
Lift
2 in. apart.
annually.
replant
"
"
March
with
cow
manure.
POT
mould
Place
growth begins.
until flowers
cow
or
Compost,
two
manure.
Water
fade, then
moderately from
gradually cease,
409
time
bulbs
begin to grow
bulbs dry till Jan.
keeping
50"
times
40" to 50"; other
bulbs.
advised
for
as
white,
8. ^raudiflora,
purple and
CULTIVATED;
tricolor
(Byn.
Africa.
For
SPECIES
S.
8.
Tarieties
Ixia
see
Sparmannia
First
introduced
60".
spring,
gate
Propato
1 to
2
2
ft.,
ft.,
Dierama.
Tiliaceae.
Ord.
"
to
black. May,
yellow, and
tricolor), orange,
'See also the genus
trade
Hate.
(African Hemp).
shrub.
evergreen
GAltDENING.
OF
ENCYGLOPyEDIA
Greenhouse
1790.
Compost, two parts loam, one part peat, " little sand.
doors
Position, pots in light airy greenhouse, Sept. to June; sunny spot outMarch.
Prune
remainder
of time.
moderately
Pot, Feb.
or
wards.
Water
close, Nov. to Dec.
copiously,April to Oct. ; moderately afterquired.
Apply stimulants, April to Sept. No shade or syringing re40" to 50".
to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to March
Temp., March
Propagate by cuttings inserted singly in small pots filled with sandy
soil under
in temp. 55" to 65", spring or summer.
bell-glass
CULTURE;
SPECIES
africana
CULTIVATED:
flore pleuo, double
Spartium
S. africana,
flowered.
(Spanish Broom)."
floweringshrub.
white,
summer,
10
to
15
Leguminosae.
Ord.
ft., S. Africa;
Hardy
duous
deci-
introduced
1548.
First
borders
CULTURE
or
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
dry
open
banks.
Plant, Oct. to March.
J in. deep in
Propagate by seeds sown
drills in fine soil in sunny
tings
or
spring; cutpositionoutdoors, autumn
in sandy soil under
of young
shoots inserted
bell-glassor in
cold frame
in summer.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
8. junoeum
:
(Tellow Spanish Broom), yellow, summer,
6 to 10 ft., S. Europe ; junceum
flowered.
flore pleno, double
Orchidacese.
Ord.
Stove
terrestrial orchids.
Spathog^lottis.
1837.
First introduced
CULTURE
"
fibrous
:
loam, or
Compost, equal parts leaf -mould
"
division
in
SPECIES
spring.
CULTIVATED:
red, autumn.
S. aurea,
yellow and
red, autumn,
Malacca;
Fortunei,
Hong
gracilis, golden, yellow, and
Kong;
red, winter,
Borneo;
red, summer,
kimballiana, golden, yellow, and
Borneo;
Lobbii. snlphur
yellow and
Burma;
red, autumn,
plioata, rosy purple, summer,
Malaya; Viellardii,
yellow
and
white, rose,
and
red, autumn.
New
Caledonia.
Spatlum
(Lewisia rediviva). See Lewisia.
Spear-flower
(Ardisiacrenulata). See Ardisia.
Grass
Spear
(Aciphyllasquarrosa). See Aciphylla.
Spear
Lily (Doryanthes Palmeri). See Doryanthes.
Mint
See Mentha.
Spear
(Mentha viridis)."
Spear-Mfort
(Ranunculus lingua). See Ranunculus.
Specularia
Ord.
(Venus's Looking Glass).
Campanulaceae.
"
"
"
"
"
"
annuals.
CULTURE
Sow
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny beds or borders.
seeds in Aprilthinly 1-16 in. deep in patches or lines where
requiredto
Thin
when
2
1
in.
in.
to
to
3
6
or
seedlings
grow.
port
hig;h
apart. Sup3 to 6 in. high.
plants with small twigs when
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
the Corn
: S. hybrida
(Syn. Campanulaliybrida),
Violet,
blue
and lilac,July, 1 ft., Europe ; pentagonia (Syn. Campanula
pcntagonia),blue,
1 ft., Asia
summer,
Minor;
porfoliata, blue, June, 12 to 18 in., N. America;
1 ft.,
speculum (Syn. Campanula
Speculum), Venus's Looking Glass, purple, summer,
Europe.
Hardy
410
ENCYCLOrJUDIA
Speedwell."
GASDENINO.
OF
See Veronica.
Spergula.-^ee
Sagina.
Spice-bush
(Lindera Benzoin)."See Liudera.
Fern
Spider
See Pteris.
(Pterissermlatai.
Spider-flower."
See
Cleome.
Spider
Orchis
See Orchis.
(Orchisarachnites)."
Spiderwort
See Tradescantea.
(Tradesoanteavirginiana)."
Spiselia
LoOrd.
Pink;
(Carolina
Maryland Pink-root).
gauiaceas. Hardy herbaceous
First
introduced
1694.
perennials.
CULTUEE
; Soil, equal parts loam,
tion,
Posileaf-mould, peat, " sand.
border
in
2
of
ft.
above
partiallyshady
comcontaining
depth
or
post. Plant, March
April. Water
copiously during summer.
Propagate by division of roots, March
or
April.
"
"
SPECIES
OULTITATED:
S.
marilandioa,
and
red
yellow,
summer,
ft., N.
America.
Spig^nel
See Meum.
(Meum athamanticum).
(Spinaciaoleracea). See Spinacia.
Ord.
(Spinach).
Chenopodiaceae. Hardy
"
Spinach
Spinacia
"
annual.
"
Esculent-leaved
CULTtJEE
First introduced
1568.
vegetable.
Soil, deep, rich moist ordinary for
spinach;
summer
seeds
winter
kind.
Sow
Position, sunny.
of summer
spinach at intervals of a fortnight,Feb. to Aug., in drills
1 in. deep " 12 in. apart; winter
spinach, Aug. " Sept. in drills lin.
Thin
winter
deep " 15 in. asunder.
spinach to Bin. apart when three
leaves form.
Manures:
IJlb. kainit, IJlb. sulphate of soda; l|lb.
sulphate of amm.onia; 21b. superphosphate per sq. rod, applied when
plants are 2 in. high. Seeds germinate in 10 to 15 days; retain their
germinating powers for 5 years. Crop reaches maturity 11 weeks after
for
sowing.
Market
Cultube
:
Soil,
Manures
Well-rotted
:
moist
deep,
dung at
appliedjust before
cool ;
"
of
rate
12
light soils
tons
"
able.
unsuit-
phate
superphos-
When
plantsappear
seeds
in.
in drills
1
deep
per
spinach in Feb., " successional batches at
intervals of a fortnight ; winter
spinach in Aug. Quantity of seed
large leaves only in bushel baskets.
required per acre, fib. Market
Average pricesper bushel. Is. to
Average yieldper acre, 500 bushels.
3 tons
apply 1 cwt.
1 ft. apart.
per acre
of nitrate
Sow
summer
of soda
sowing.
Sow
acre.
5s.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Europe;
oleracea
S.
glabra (Summer
Spinach), 2 ft.,
Spinach).
europseus).See Euonymus.
Eosaceae.
Ord.
Hardy deciduous
oleracea
spinoea (Prickly
or
Spindle-tree
(Euonymus
Spiraea
(Meadow Sweet).
flowering shrubs " herbaceous
evergreen
"
S.E.
Winter
"
"
perennials.
SPECIES:
HEEBACEOXJS
HAEDY
OP
Soil, ordinary
manured.
well
Position, moist, partially shady or
rich,
sunny
borders; margins of streams, etc., for S. Ulmaria, astilboides,palmata,
or
Plant, Oct., Nov., March
April. Topkamtschatica, and Aruncus.
with
Water
in
dress annually
decayed manure.
copiouslyin
April
Lift, divide, " replantevery three or four years.
dry weather.
CULTUEE
CTJLTUEE
OF
DECIDUOUS
Sept. to March.
directlyafter flowering.
Plant,
EVERGEEEN
AND
Position, open
sunny
straggly
Prune
OP
S. ASTILBOIDES
CULTUEE
leaf-mould.
Pot roots, Oct.
"
loam
411
IN
or
SPECIES
: Soil,
shrubberies.
or
moderately close
borders
shoots
POTS:
Nov., singly in
or
6 in.
pots.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Place
iu cold
heated
frame
greenhouse
until
in
GARDENING.
OF
required
for
forcing, or
ordinary
to
remove
house
in Feb.
Temp, for forcing
55" to 65".
Water
first brought into
forcing or
moderately when
greenhouse; freelywhen growth begins. Apply weak stimulants
\ oz.
of guano
to gall, of water
Remove
when
to cold
flower spikes show.
frame
after
Let
flowering " plant out in sunny
positionin June.
thus for two
then
in
for
plants remain
"
use
lift,
pots,
place
years,
forcing. Plants will not flower freely two years in succession when
in pots.
kinds
grown
Propagate herbaceous
by division of the roots,
cold
Jan.,
"
"
to
C:t.
March;
shrubby ones
hand-light
planted in
soil under
"
oifsets removed
sandy
HARDY
by cuttings of
or
in frame
young
in
shade,
shoots
inserted
also
summer;
in
by
autumn.
HEEBACEOUS
4 to 6 ft., N.
2 ft., Japan ;
kamtschatica
SPECIES:
S. arunous
(Goat's Beard), white, summer,
Temperate
Regions; astilboides (Syn. Astilbe
astilboides),white, Jane,
and
its varieties floribanda
(free flowering), and Lemoiuei
(a hybrid) ;
and
its
(Syn. S. gigantea), white, June, 6 to 8 ft., Kamtscbatka
;
summer,
ft., Britain;
Filipendula
lobata
flore
of
(Queen
"
"
"
"
frame
"
peat
under
SPECIES
Mexioo.
New
S.
umbellata, white
and
purple,
summer,
in
1
sandy
to
in..
Sprekelia
Sept.,
keep quite
when
flower spike shows.
Apply liquidmanure
Top-dress large
bulbs annually " repot every three or four
only. Temp., Feb.
years
to Sept. 65" to 75"; Sept. to Feb.
50" to 55".
Propagate by seeds
sown
1-16 in. deep in well-drained
of
loam
in temp. 65" to
pots
sandy
70" in March, placing seedlingssingly iu 2-in.
"
keeping them
pots,
moderately moist all the year round for three years; by offsets treated
dry.
as
old
bulbs.
Seedlingsare
six to
seven
412
years
before
they
flower.
ENCYGLOFMDIA
matured
GAItVENING.
OF
Propagate
CULTIVATED
by
pseudo-bulbs
of
division
pseudo-bulbs.
in
spring.
SPECIES
S.
crimson,
very
fragrant, Aug.,
Mexico;
dCToniensis, cream,
yellow, purple, and crimson,
white
and
grandiflora,
eburnea,
fragrant, July, Peru;
purple, June, Trinidad;
white
and
Central
America;
purple,
crimson, summer.
insignis, yellow and
crimson,
oculata, yellow, lilac, purple, white, and
fragrant, August, S. America;
Mexico
Mexico
yellow, and purple, fragrant, summer,
summer,
;
; tigrina, orange,
and
Guatemala.
Wardii, yellow, orange
crimson, fragrant, summer,
First inOrd.
Cruciferae.
troduced
Stanleya.
Hardy perennial herb.
1
to
ft., Peru
and
"
1816.
CULTURE
border.
Position, sunny
Plant, Oct.
in
in
heat
seeds
sown
April. Propagate by
gentle
spring,planting
of the roots in Oct. or March.
out in May or June
; also by division
CULTIVATED
S. pinnatiflda, yellow, summer,
4 ft., California.
SPECIES
:
Stapelia
(CarrionFlower ; Toad Flower; Star-fish Flower). Ord.
Soil, ordinary.
or
"
Asclepiadaceae.
succulent-stemmed
Greenhouse
p'ents.
evergreen
First introduced
1790.
Flowers, disagreeablyscented.
CULTUEE
: Compost, two
parts sandy loam, one part broken rubbish
old mortar,
" one
or
Position, well-drained
part sand.
pots close to
or
glass in light sunny greenhouse. No shade required. Pot, March
April. Water moderately, Aprilto Oct. ; keep nearly dry remainder
of year.
55" to 75".
40" to 50"; March
to Oct.
Temp., Oct. to March
Repot only when
absolutely necessary.
Top-dress annually in March
with
lart
compost of two parts well-decayed cow
dung " one
sendy
loam.
sLdf
in
Propagate by cuttings of stems
exposed to air on
greenhouse
for
filled with
half
SPECIES
summer,
two
or
CULTIVATED?
6
in.
three
days, then
drainage,remainder
S. Asterias
inserted
singly in 2-in. pots
" brick rubbish
; spring.
violet, yellow and purple,
(Star-fishFlower),
with
sand
and
purple,
summer,
1 ft.
colours, Aug.,
in. ; grandiflora,
All natives
of
S. Africa.
Staphylea
(Bladder Nut). Ord.
shrubs.
First introduced
flowering
"
CULTUEE
Plant, Oct.
to
Sapindaceae. Hardy
Prune
deciduous
1640.
straggling shoots
borders
or
moderately
shrubberies.
close i.r.ime-
OF
S. COLCHICA
FOE
FOECING
:
Compost, two parts
leaf-mould.
tered
Place in shelPot, Oct. to Jan.
into
positionoutdoors, or in cold frame until Jan., then remove
forcinghouse, or end of Jan. into cold greenhouse. Temp., 65" to 75".
Water
first placed in heat, afterwards
moderately when
more
freely.
ing.
Syringe dailyuntil leaves expand. Transfer to cold frame after flower"
stand
Harden
Oct.
to
outdoors. May
Propagate by seeds
in sandy soil in sheltered
sown
in Sept. or
Oct. ;
position outdoors
sandy loam,
cuttings of
frame
Oct.
one
firm
part
shoots,
in sheltered
suckers removed
or
SPECIES
(Job's
Star
Star
to
corner
CULTIVATED:
St. Anthony's
Tears;
"
planted,
Oct.
to
Feb.
S.
Aniseed-tree
Capsicum
Nightshade
See Solanum.
Starch
Star-'flsh
Hyacinth
Star-'flower
Star
Glory
Flovtfer
(Solanum
capsicastrum)."
(Trientaliseuropsea)." See
414
Trieutalis.
Ipoma"a.
pinnata
BNCYOLOI^EDIA
Star
Star
Star
Grass
(Hypoxia erecta).
"
Hyacinth
of
OF
GAIiDENlNO
See
(Soillaamoena)."
Bethlehem
Hypoxia.
See
Scilla.
(Ornithogalum umbellatum)."
See
Orni-
thogalum.
Star
Pine
Star
Star
Tulip."
(Pimis Pinaster)."See
See
Calochortus.
See
Aster.
Windflower
Star-wort."
(Anemone
Piuus.
hortensis).
"
Spc
Anemone.
Statlce
(Sea Lavender; Sea Pink).
Ord.
Plumbaginaceas.
Greenhouse
"
"
herbaceous
evergreens
half-hardy
hardy
perennials.
CULTURE
OP
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES
: Compost, two
parts sandy
fibrous loam, one
or
Pot, March
part fibrous peat, " one part sand.
"
cold
April. Position, light airy sunny
greenhouse, Sept. to May;
Water
frame. May to Sept.
wards.
afterto
freely,April
Sept. ; moderately
stimulants
to
Apply weak
healthy
occasionallyin summer
established
40"
to
to 50"; April to May
plants. Temp., Sept.
April
55"
to 65".
Good
drainage in
CULTURE
PERENNIAL
OP
rockeries
borders.
or
sunny
with
annually
decayed manure
CULTURE
OP
borders
sunny
sandy loam,
Feb.
or
pots indispensable.
SPECIES
Plant,
"
loam
in
Position,
Soil,sandy loam.
March
or
April.
Top-dress
April.
ANNUAL
rockeries.
cover
SPECIES
: Soil,ordinary sandy.
Position,
seeds
Sow
in well-drained
pots filled with
slightlywith fine soil," place in temp, of 55" to 65",
March.
off
Transplant when
large enough to handle; harden
in
" plant outdoors
above
as
May.
Propagate by seeds sown
; cuttings
inserted
singly in 2-in. pots well drained " filled with sandy soil, "
in
or
temp. 55" to 65" in spring; division of roots, March
placed
April.
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
S. profusa, blue, Aug:., 1 to 3 ft., hybrid;
fruticanB,
blue, summer,
Canaries; macrophylla (Syn. S. Ilalfordil),blue, June, 1 to 2 ft.,
or
Canaries.
HAEDT
PBREMNIAL
SPECIES:
1 to
Gmelini, blue, summer,
Tauria;
latifolia,blue, June,
1 ft., Europe
purple, summer,
2
1
S. Bonduelli,
yellow, .Tune, 1 to 2 ft., Aljreria;
6 to 9 in.,
incana, pink, summer,
ft., Caucasus
;
Sea
ft., Bulg-aria; Limonium
(Common
Lavender),
1 ft.,
(Britain) ; tartarica, red and
blue, summer,
Caucasus.
SPECIES
ANNUAL
CULTURE
Suworowi,
S.
in
length
in
and
pink,
sandy loam.
or
April.
summer,
Hardy
"
Soil, deep
March
Oct.,
Plant, Sept.,
to
lilao
Berberidaceae.
Ord.
1876.
introduced
Stauntonia.
First
shrub.
18
in., 0.
Asia.
climbing
evergreen
Position, S. wall or
trailing shoots,
Prune
trellis.
not
quired
reof their
back
to two-thirds
following season,
of
firm
shoots
Propagate by cuttings
young
in
under
soil
outdoors
bell-glass shady position
sandy
produce
flowers
autumn.
serted
inin
summer.
SPECIES
and
S. hexaphylla, white,
the genus
Holboellia.
CULTIVATED
China
Japan. See
Bells
Steeple
Stenotaphrum
10
to
20
ft.,
"
First
-leaved
grass.
striped with
grass-like,
orn.
fragrant, spring,
also
introduced
1822i
Leaves,
narrow,
yellow.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
S.
glabrum
variegatum,
415
ft., Carolina.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
GARDENING.
OF
Stephanotis
Chaplet
(Clustered Wax-flower;
Madagascar
Madagascar Jasmine). Ord. Asclepiadaceae.Stove evergreen
1839.
First introduced
twining shrubs.
CULTURE
: Compost,
equal parts good light fibrous loam or peat, "
" coarse
one
part equal proportionsleaf-mould, well-decayed manure,
silver sand.
Position, pots, tubs, or beds, well drained, with shoots
Flower;
trained
"
of stove.
Pot
wire trellis,or up rafters
or
plant, Feb. or
from
Water
Shade
rately
to Oct.; modesun.
copiously,March
in
to
afterwards.
Oct., except when
Syringe daily, March
bloom.
week
to
once
a
healthy established
Apply stimulants
plants
between
May " Sept. Prune
straggling shoots in moderately close, "
thin
weak
70"
out
to Oct.
shoots freely,Jan. or Feb.
Temp., March
65" to 65".
to
85"; Oct. to March
Propagate by cuttings of the
shoots
of the previous year's growth, inserted
singly in 2-in. pots, filled
with equal parts saud, peat, " loam, placed under
hell-glassin temp.
65" to 75" in spring.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
20
to
to
S. floribunda, white, fragrant, Feb.
Dec,
30 ft., Madagascar;
and
its "variety Elvastoni, a dwarfer
and
more
free-flowering
to
March.
form.
Stern
berg'ia
Star-flower)."Ord.
(Winter Daffodil; Yellow
Leaves
1596.
Amaryllidaceae. First introduced
produced usually late
in autumn
or
early in spring after flowering.
CULTURE
; Soil, deep, fairly dry, good
ordinary. Position, sunny
sheltered
Plant
bulbs, Oct. or Nov., 4 in. deep, " 2 or Sin.
of
soil
bulbs
with
surface
over
Saxifraga hypnoides or
apart.
"
afford
to form
Sedum
acre
carpet
protection. Lift " replant
green
of
deterioration.
when
bulbs show
in pots
signs
May also be grown
for Amaryllis belladonna.
in cold greenhouses as advised
Propagate
border.
Plant
by
removed
offsets
planted, Oct.
"
CULTIVATED;
SPECIES
Central
Europe.
Stevensonia..
First introduced
S. lutea
Ord.
"
Nov.
or
Stove
once
afterwards.
daily
once
Water
freely at
orn
In-
foliage palm.
Leaves,
to
essential.
to
Temp., March
65" to 75".
Propagate by seeds sown
small
pots in temp. 75" to 85", spring.
atmosphere
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
Stismaphyllon
evergreen
CULTURE:
climbing
S.
grandifolia,
10
all times.
Shade
" moist
Oct. 70" to 85"; Oct. to March
1 in. deep in peat " loam
in
to
20
ft.,Seyohelles.
Ord.
(Golden Vine).
Malpighiaceas. Stove
shrubs.
First introduced
1796.
:
"
65"
to
75", spring
CULTIVATED
Stinking:
Cedar
Stinking
Gladwyn
or
S.
summer.
to
taxifolia).See
10
ft.,Brazil.
Torroya.
(Torreya
See Iris.
(Irisfcetidissima)."
"
416
EN
Stipa,
CLOP
or
(Feather
floweringgrasses.
MB
Grass).
"
Ord.
Inflorescence
GABDENINO.
OP
IA
Graminaceae.
Hardy
perennial
borne
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
S. ponnata, 2 ft., Europe.
Stock
Giili-flovver
(Matthiola incana)."See Matthiola.
Stokesia,
(Stokes' Aster). Ord.
Compositae. Hardy perennial
herb.
First introduced
1766.
CULTURE:
borders.
well-drained
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
Plant, April. Protect in winter by covering with hand-light. Plants
be lifted in Sept.,placed in pots, " removed
to greenhouse for
may
afterwards
and winter,
planting outdoors
floweringduring autumn
or
following April. Propagate by division of roots, March
April.
SPECIES
S. cyanea,
CULTIVATED:
blue, August, 18 in., N. America.
Stonecrop
(Sedum acre)." See Sedum.
Stone
Fern
(Asplenium Ceterach). See Asplenium.
Stone
Pine
(Pinus cembra). See Piuus.
Storax-plant
(Styrax officinalis^ See Styrax.
Stratiotes
(Water Soldier; Crab's
Claw). Ord. Hydrochari"
"
"
"
"
dacae.
CULTUEE;
Plant,
piecesof
into water
SPECIES
roots
or
CULTIVATED
S.
shallow
Position,
April ; enclosing
old sacking tied securely
where
required to grow.
March
small
"
round
base
See
"
of
Propagate by
stem
ponds.
or
of
mould
and
in
division
in
dropped
spring.
Fragaria.
Stravtfberry-raspberry
(Eubus
Strawberry.
lakes
quantity
^See
rosseflorus
flore
simplici).
"
Kubus.
Tree
(Arbutus unedo). See Arbutus.
Bird's Tongue
Flower).
Flower;
StrelJtzJa
(Bird of Paradise
Greenhouse
orn.
Ord.
Scitaminacese.
foliage " flowering perennials.
First introduced
1791.
Strawberry
"
"
SPECIES
Africa
;
CULTIVATED
S.
Streptocarpus
herbaceous
CULTUEE
:
parts loam,
one
and
Regrinse, orange
and
blue, spring, 3
to
ft., S.
blue.
house
Green-
ENCYCLOr.F.DIA
in
GAIiDENING.
OF
of finely-sifted
a
thinly with
the soil by iioldmg the pot, pan,
Moisten
sprinkle of fine silver sand.
box nearly to its rim
Place
or
a
or
edge in tepid water.
pane of glass
of
65".
in
55"
over
"
to
a
or
'box,
Transplant
top
pot, pan,
put
temp.
post,
comas
seedlings as soon
large enough to handle 1 in. apart in above
in pans
other
them
when
each
"
touch
or
place
seedlings
pots,
in
singly in 3-in. pots, " ultimately into 5 or 6-in. pots. Seeds sown
Feb. will produce plants for flowering following July; in March
or
April, following August or September.
well-drainod
loam,
SPECIES
.and mauve,
CULTIVATUDt
S.
StreptOSOlen.
shrub.
a,
Compost,
light sunny
All
12
eummcr,
G
seeds
the
to
18
in.; Sandereii,
natives
of
S.
beautiful
Many
Africa.
lists.
trade
Greenhouse
Solanacese.
ing
flower-
evergreen
1847.
two
rose,
in.
30
see
equal parts
Cover
summer,
First introduced
CULTURE
half
to
Ord.
"
sand.
Dunnii,
blue,
Rcxii,
summer;
with
boxes,
pots, pans, or
peat, and
leaf-mould,
loam,
partssandy
part leaf-mould,
pots close to glass
"
one
Position, well-drained
in
.shoots moderately
April. Prune
wards.
Oct.
to
flowering.
; moderately afterfreely,April
Shade
weak
stimulants
Apply
occasionally during summer.
to Oct., 60" to 70"; Oct.
only from
bright sunshine.
Temp., March
50" to 60".
to March,
in light sandy
Propagate by cuttings inserted
i
n
soil under
55"
to 65", spring or summer.
bell-glass, temp.
close
greenhouse; Pot,
after
SPECIES
Feb.
to
Water
CULTIVATED:
Striped
S.
Squill
Jamesoni,
summer,
orange,
* ft., Colombia.
Puschkinia.
to
(Puschkinia scilloides).See
"
of
Stove
"
stove, March
June
to
cold
frame,
June
with
pots
green
ever-
a
in
little
moist
Sept. ; light
Water
rately,
modeclosely, Feb.
other
times.
to
twice
Sept.
April; freely
Apply liquid manure
week
flower.
to plants m
of
a
Propagate by cuttings
moderately firm
in light sandy compost under
shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted
bell-glass
in temp. 75", Feb., March,
or
April.
part
March.
stove, Sept. to
SPECIES
?,
ft., Burma
ft., India.
Prune
CULTIVATED;
blue, Oct.
to
;
1 to
March,
S.
3
isophylla (Syn.
Struthiopteris."
Stuartla..
shrubs.
First
"
sunny
shoots
in
anisnphyllus
ft., Himalayas
der,
I.Syn. Roldfvissia
aniaophvlln), lavenviolet
and
blue, autumn,
; dyerinnus,
isophyllaj, lavender, blue, winter, 1 to
Goldlusfiia
See Onoclea.
Ternstrdmiacese.
Ord.
introduced
to
Hardy
deciduous
flowering
1743.
Soil, two
CULTURE:
tion,
parts moist sandy loam, one part peat. Posiborders
sheltered
N.
"
E. by w.ills, trees, or
on
sunny
open
shrubs.
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots
in sandy soil under
inserted
hand-light in sheltered positionoutdoors
in autumn;
layering shoots in Sept. or Oct.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
pseudo-camellia,
creamy
C to 8 ft., N. America.
Stud-flower
Sturt's
Desert
Stylophorum
perennial herb.
CULTURE
S. pentagyna,
white, July, 6 to
cream,
summer,
10 ft., Japan;
to
10
ft., N.
America;
June,
virginica, white,
Fir.st introduced
1S54.
beds
or
borders.
ENOYOLOP.ilDIA
Plant, March
soil in
March.
or
CULTIVATED:
Styrax
shrubs.
S.
First
introduced
:
sown
division
April;
or
Styracaceae. Hardy
"
in., N.W.
deciduous
of
roots,
America.
iiowering
1597.
against
or
shoots
in
SPECIES
spring or
CUL'ilVATEU
8
seeds
(Storax). Ord.
CULTURE
summer,
April. Propagate by
GARDENING.
sunny
SPECIES
OF
to
Sug^ar
Sug^ar
Sugfar
autumn.
10
"
Maple
(Acer saccharinum).
Pea
(Pisum
Sumach."
See
"
gee
sativum
Acer.
saccharatum).
"
See
Pisum.
Ehus.
Summer
Cypress
(Kochia scoparia)."See Kochia.
See Tournefortia.
Heliotrope."
Summer
See Adonis.
Pheasant'S-eye
(Adonis aestivalis)."
Summer
Savory
(Satureia hortensis)."See Satureia.
Summer
Snowdrop
(Leucojum aestivum). ^See Leucojum.
Summer
Snowflake
(Leucojum aestivum). See Leucojum.
Cress.
Sun
See Heliophila.
Sundew
(Drosera rotundifolia). See Drosera.
Sun-drops
(CEnothera fruticosa)."See (Enothera.
Sunflower
(Helianthus annuus). See Helianthus.
Sun-plant
(Portulacca grandiflora).See Portulacca.
Summer
"
"
"
"
"
"
Sun-rose."
See
Helianthemum.
Jack
Supple
Surinam
"
"
SutherlandJa
(Cape Bladder
Senna). Ord. Leguminosae. HalfFirst
introduced
shrub.
1683.
flowering
hardy evergreen
"
tion,
Posisilver
sand.
CULTURE
loam,
:
equal
Compost,
parts
peat,
S.
"
S.W.
in
S.
walls
outdoors,
or
England
only,
pots
against
in cold greenhouse any
part of kingdom. Plant, Sept., Oct., or April.
Pot,
March.
"
Water
afterwards.
Prune,
seeds
sown
by
"
sand, lightlycover
spring; by
cuttings of
fine
young
soil," place
in
shoots
May
in
temp,
under
of 45"
55" in
hand-
to
bell-glass
or
light.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Swainsonia
S.
house
Green-
"
flowering shrubs.
Compost, two parts
First
introduced
1800.
evergreen
fibrous
loam, one part peat, " half
CULTURE
:
well-drained
Position,
sand.
silver
pots in light sunny
a
house.
greenpart
Water
to Oct.; moderately
freely,March
Pot, Feb. or March.
Remove
afterwards.
Apply weak stimulants occasionally in summer.
in
June;
Sept.
Temp.,
replace
greenhouse,
or
to cold frame
Sept.
pit,
55" to 65".
to June
35" to 45" ; March
to March
Propagate by seeds
then
hour
in tepid water,
sown
for about
an
soaked
i in. deep in
March
55"
of young
to
65",
or
in
soil
April;
cuttings
tempt.
light
in
sand
under
inserted
silver
in.
in cool
3
2
to
long,
bell-glass
shoots,
in
summer.
of
greenhouse
shady part
3 to
1 ft.,
S. ooronillitolia,rosy
CULTIVATED:
purple, summer,
SPECIES
419
ENCYCLOPEDIA
reddish
galeg:a2folia,
coronillifolia
Australia;
folia alba, white, summer,
Swainson's
to
Pea.
Swallow-wort
Chelidonium
GARDENING.
OF
"
purple,
summer,
to
ft.; coronilli-
ft.
Swainsonia.
See
See
"
"
Swamp
Swamp
"
See
"
Cephalanthus.
Hellebore
Swamp
Swamp
Honeysuckle
See
Eho-
dodendrou.
Laurel.
Swramp
Swamp
Swamp
Lily
Kalmia.
See
"
"
(Helcnium autumnale).
Sunflower
Swran
Orchid.
Swan
River
Daisy
River
Everlasting'
"
Lilium.
See
(Lilium superbum).
See
See Helenium.
"
Cycnoches.
(Brachycome iberidifolia).See
"
Brachy-
come.
Swan
(Helipterum Manglesii).
"
See
Helipterum.
Swan
River
Fern
Palm
(Macrozamia Fraseri). See Macrozamia.
Orchid
Svtfan'S
Neck
(Cycnoches aurea). See Cycnoches.
Sweet
Alyssum
(Alyssum maritima). ^See Alyssum.
See Hypericum.
Sweet
Amber
(Hypericum Andros^mum).
See
Ocimum.
Sweet
Basil
Basiliiim).
(Ocimum
Sweet
Bay-tree
(Laurus noblis). See Laurus.
Briar
Sweet
(Bosa rubiginosa). See Rosa.
Sweet
Cicely
(Myrrhis odorata). See Myrrhis.
Sweet
Cumin
See Pimpinella.
(Pimpinella anisum\
Sweet
Fennel
(Foeniculum officinale). See Foeniculum.
Fern
Sweet
(Myrrhis odorata). See Myrrhis.
Sweet
Flag^ (Acorus calamus). See Acorus.
Sweet
Gale
(Myrica Gale). See Myrica.
Sweet
Gum-tree
(Liquidambar styracifiua). See Liquidambar.
Sweet
John
(Dianthus barbatus). See Dianthus.
Sweet
Marjoram
(Origanum marjorana). See Origanum.
Sweet
Maudlin
See Achillea.
(Achillea Ageratum).
Svtfeet
Orange-tree
(Citrus aurantium). ^See Citrus.
Pea.
See Lathyrus.
Sweet
Sweet
Bush
Pepper
(Clcthraalnifolia)."See Clethra.
Sweet
Potato
(Ipomaea batatus). See Ipoma?a.
Sweet
Rocket
(Hesperis matrionalis). See Hesperis.
Sweet
Scabious
(Scabiosa atropurpurea). See Scabiosa.
Sweet-scented
Bramble
(Rubus odoratus)." See Eubus.
matis.
Sweet-scented
Clematis
Sec Cle(Clematis flammula)."
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Sweet-scented
Sweet-scented
Swreet-scented
Helleborus.
Sweet-scented
Sweet-scented
Crab
Daphne
Hellebore
(Helleboms
Olive-tree
Tulip
odoru,?).
(Tulipa fragrans).
"
420
See
"
Olea.
Tulipa.
See
removing
suckers
to
loam,
house
nu
soils.
in poor
two
FORCING
: Compost,
parts good
Nov.
Pot, Oct. or
leaf-mould, " little sand.
sandy
slops or
FOR
CULTURE
POT
Apply
in
roots.
plants growing
to
summer
only. Allow
flowered
have
liquid manure
from
grow
shrub-
or
that
shoots
shortening
borders
Position, sunny
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary good.
beries.
Prune,
Plant, Oct. to Feb.
or
GABDENING.
OF
ENCYOLOPJSDIA
part
one
Place
speciesin July,
common
on
the
in March
ash
by grafting on
or
speciesou
common
April.
or
and
S.
sraensia
June,
(Rouen
Lilac), violet, May
9 ft.,
6 to
Emodi
ft., hybrid;
(Indian Lilac), purplish or white. May,
Himalayas;
japonioa (Jaiianese Lilac), crimson, July, lo to 20 ft., ilapan; Josika-a
persica (Persian Lilac),
purple. May, 8 ft., Hungary;
(Hungarian Lilac), bluish
4
to
fi It., Afghanistan;
bluish
vulgaris
persica alba, white;
purple. May,
Also
charming varieties,
(Common
Lilac), lilac. Way, 8 to 12 ft., E. Europe.
many
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
to
for
which
trade
see
lists.
"
"
1770.
CULTURE
: Compost, two
parts sandy loam, one part fibrypeat, half
Position, well-drained
Pot,
part silver sand.
pots in light stove.
Feb.
to April. Prune
straggling shoots moderately close immediately
to Oct. ; moderately afterwards.
after flowering. Water
freely,March
to Sept.
Syringe daily, March, " until flowers appear.
Temp., March
65" to 75".
of ripe
70" to 80" ; Sept. to March
by
cuttings
Propagate
in small
with
filled
under
sand
shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted
pots
Feb.
75"
in
65"
to
in
bell-glass temp.
a
SPECIES
its varieties
T.
CULTIVATED:
crispa
liore
Orchid
Mountain
Table
white,
coronana,
"
rafters
or
parts fibrous
March.
2 ft. wide
and
ft., India;
Disa.
Feb.,
one-third.
Water
loam
Volxem's
flower).
Passion-
floweringclimbers.
"
peat,
fourth
one
Position, well-drained
or
Prune,
walls; sunny.
(Scmpervivum tabulaeformc)."
See Sempervivum.
Tacsonia
(Blood-red Passion-flower; Van
Greenhouse
Ord. Passiflorse.
evergreen
1828.
First introduced
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal
Feb.
Pot or plant,
silver sand.
18
beds
in.
deep "
or
pots, or
to
See
(Disa grandilloia;."
Houseleek
Table-shaped
summer,
plcno (double).
shoots
to
be
weak
March
copiously,
thinning
tubs
trained
out
shoots
up
A-
to
Sept.;
shortening strong ones
Syringe twice daily, April to Sept. Apply
moderately afterwards.
stimulants
occasionallyto healthy plants when in flower only. Temp.,
March
(o
SPIiOllW
Oct.
60"
to
t'HI.TIVATI'll);
70";
T.
to March
cxoniensis, rose
40"
Oct.
422
or
to
50".
i)ink,summer,
20
to
30
ft.,
ENOYOLOPJiDIA
OF
(lARDRNlNG.
scarlet,
autumn,
Tagetes
gold).
Mari(African Marigold; i'rench Marigold; Mexican
1696.
I'irst introduced
Compositse. Half-hardy annuals.
Soil, ordinary, well-enriched
with
decayed manure.
Ord.
CULTURE:
"
Position, sunny
borders
for French
Mexican
and
for
African
Marigold;
beds
sunny
borders
or
for T.
borders
or
Marigold; edgings
seeds
Sow
1-16 in. deep in light soil in temp. 55" to
signata pumila.
65" in March,
in unheated
or
lings
seedgreenhouse in April. Transnlant
when
three leaves form, 3 m.
shallov,'
in
soil
in
boxes,
light
apart,
in bed of rich soil in cold frame, gradually harden
or
off in May, and
Plant
African
of three
plant out in June.
or
Marigolds in groups
French
in
six, or 16 in. apart in rows;
Marigolds singly, or in groups
borders,
6 in.
blooms
apart
only.
Thin
Dwarf
four
Suitable
ilower.
for
on
of
sulphate
exhibition
each
stimulants
(2) J oz.
beds
Marigold
of water.
gallon
in rows;
African
shoots to
rows.
Water
plantsin
to
apart
m.
in
bloom.
12
or
to
to
four
carry
each
plant,
carrying one
Apply stimulants
occasionally
of Peruvian
to
; (1)1 oz.
guano
ammonia
to a gallon of water.
CULTIVATED;
T. erecta
(African Marigold), yellow, Bummcr,
lucida (Mexican
1 ft., Mexico;
Mexico;
Marigold), yellow, summer,
patula
red and
1 ft., Mexico
brown, summer,
Marigold), orange,
; signata, yellow,
1 ft., Mexico;
signata pumila, yellow, 6 in.
SPECIES
Tail
Flovwer.
"
See
Tamarind-tree
CULTURE
"
(Tamarind
floweringtree.
evergreen
First
fibrous
loam,
large well-drained
pots
copiously,April
Water
summer,
Stove
ft.,
Antliurium.
(Tamarindus
TamarindUS
minosae.
(French
to
or
Oct.
in
tubs
part
one
lofty stove.
Pot
or
afterwards.
moderately
introduced
Legu-
1633.
sand.
tion,
Posi-
plant, Feb.
Syringe
Shade
from
sun.
Temp., April to Oct. 70" to
85" ; Oct. to April 60" to 70".
Propagate by seeds steeped for a few
and
then
in
hours
sown
:Jin.deep in light soil in temp.
tepidwater,
of
shoots
inserted
75" to 85" m
spring; cuttings
singly in small wellin
under
65"
to 75", March
drained
to
bell-glass
pots placed
temp.
daily, April
Sept.
to
August.
CULTITATED:
SPECIES
T.
indica,
and
yellow
red,
20
summer,
to
40
ft..
Tropics.
(Tamarisk gallica).See
Tamarisk
"
(Tamarisk;Manna
TamariX
evergreen
CULTURE:
in seaside
in
"
shrubs.
Oct.
Prune,
Tamarix.
to
by cuttings of shoots,
positionunder
4 to 6 in.
Propagate
in sheltered
sinensis
T.
8 to
(Chinese Tamarisk),
pink, summer,
6 to 8 ft., S. Europe;
gallica, pink, summer,
anglica (Common
8 to 10 ft., W.
Europe.
Tamarisk), pink, summer,
ceous
Tanacetum
(Tansy; Alecost). Ord. Compositas. Hardy herbaCULTIVATED:
SPECIES
10
ft., China;
"
perennials.
CULTURE:
in
rows
form.
Soil, ordinary.
18 in. asunder
Replant
every
in March
three
or
Position, sunny.
Oct.
or
four
423
years.
Remove
Leaves
Plant,
flower
12 in.
stems
aromatic,
as
apart
they
used
for
ENOYCLOI'J'JDIA
flavouringpuddingSj
outdoors
in
SPECIES
spring;
OUITIVATED:
Tang-erine
Tangier
Tansy
OF
GARDENING.
garnisliing. Propagate by
of the
T.
seeds
sown
March.
Oct. or
Tulgare orispum, yellow, summer,
roots
in
Ora.ng:e-tree
(Citrus uohilis).
Iris (Iris Tingitana)." See Iris.
(Tanacetum vulgare). See Tanacetum.
"
ft., Britain.
See
Citrus.
"
Hawthorn
Tansy-leaved
See
(Crataegus tanacetifolia).
"
Cratsegus.
Grass
Tape
(Vallisneria
spiralis).See Vallisneria.
Taraxacum
(Dandelion). Ord.
Compositae. Hardy perennial
herb.
Cultivated
leaves for saladings.
solelyfor its blanched
from
CULTUEE
recent
: Soil, ordinary deep, free
manure.
Position,
in.
1
12
seeds
in
Sow
in.
in
drills
deep
apart
April. Thin
sunny.
"
"
seedlings to
they form.
6 in.
apart
in
rows
Lift
roots
in
Nov.,
in
May.
"
store
flower
Remove
in sand
directly
place. Plant
stems
in cool
close
or
together in boxes
large pots in ordinary soil.
greenhouse between
pots, etc., to exclude light. Place in warm
Nov.
" cut leaves
when
3 to 6 in. long, for
" April. Keep soil moist
salads.
fresh
Make
a
Destroy roots afterwards.
sowing annually.
roots
almost
Cover
T. officinale,
yellow, spring,
Colocasia.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Taro-root.
"
Tarragon
See
Britain.
Artemisia.
Tartarian
Lonicera.
Tartarian
Tasmanian
Tasmanian
Tasmanian
Dicksonia.
Tasmanian
Samolus.
Tassel
Ixla-lily
Sec
tartarica).
"
Currant
Laurel
Tree
"
"
Water
Pimpernel
Cotton-grass
(Samolus
(Eriophorum
"
repens).
"
polystachyon).
"
See
See
Eriopjiorum.
Tassel
Hyacinth
Tawny
Day-lily
Taxodium
coniferous
(Muscari comosum).
See Muscari.
See Hemerocallis.
Coniferse.
duous
Hardy deciintroduced
1640.
Leaves,
(Hemerocallisfulva).
(Deciduous Cypress). Ord.
"
trees;
orn.
foliage.First
"
"
changing
broad,
to
dull
cedar-like
red
when
in
full
grown.
CULTUEE
Soil, moist
loam.
Position, margins
of
ponds
rivers
Oct. to
Feb.
|iu.
Propagate by seeds sown
pans of light soil in
cold
frame
in
April,transplanting seedlings singly iuto small pots
the year after ; cuttings of shoots
followingspring," planting outdoors
in water
in cold greenhouse or
inserted
in spring or
frame
summer;
in Sept. or Oct.
layering branches
CULTIVATED;
T.
SPECIES
distichum, 70 to 100 ft., S.W.
States; distichum
pendula, pendulous brunches.
Taxus
Orn.
trees.
(Yew Iree). Ord. ConifersB.
Hardy evergreen
used
for
Timber
cabinet
in
but
slow
too
foliage.
growth to
making,
for that
cultivate
Leaves
Estimated
cattle.
to
poisonous
purpose.
average
Average rate of growth, 2 to 3 in.
age, 1,000 to 2,000 years.
or
in
damp
places. Dry
positionquite
unsuitable.
deep in
"
Plant,
"
per year.
CULTURE
Soil, good
deep oi-dinary,moist.
424
Position, sunny
or
BNOYOLOP^^DlA
shady shrubberies for common
borders
for variegated " Irish
Prune
.May.
April.
WINTER
BEDDING
kinds;
yews.
shrubberies, lawns,
sunny
Plant, Sept. to Nov., Feb.
or
to
elegantissima. Plant,
in
GAlltiMntNO.
OV
May.
POT
Oct.
CULTUEE
Most
in cold
pots plunged
HEDGE
COLTUEE
March,
rims
to
in cinders
Suitable
Irish yews.
baccata
elegantissima.
Pot,
trenched
18 in. for
Common,
Position,
3
gold
trees
"
silver
striped,
good moist
Soil,
sunny.
Distance
3 ft. high; 2 ft. for trees
April.
or
soil.
or
kinds"
T.
Compost, two parts good ordinary mould, one part leafmoderately, Nov. to April j freely afterwards.
Keep
greenhouse, balcony, or corridor Oct. to May; outdoors
wards,
after-
mould.
Nov.,
suitable kind"
Nov.
Water
or
Plant,
Oct.,
trees
18 in.
for
Average
of
cost
CtTLTIVATED:
T. baccata
SPECIES
(Common
Tew),
Also
the
Asia.
following varieties : adpressa, 8 ft. ; albo
leaves
silver ; aurea,
with
silver ; argentea,
striped with
pendula,
N.
ft., Europe and
variegata, leaves
edged
leaves
golden (Golden
Tew) ;
edged
Dovaatoni
30
aurea
with
creamy
columnar
habit
erecta
white;
leaves
(Fulham
"
Camellia.
(Camellia theifera).
Tea-scented
Rose
(Eosa indica). See Eosa.
Tea
Tree
(Lycium barbarum). See Lycium.
Moreton
Tecoma
Bay Trumpet Jasmine).
(Trumpet Flower;
Ord.
climbing
Bignoniacese. Stove greenhouse " hardy evergreen
Tea-pla.nt
See
"
"
"
"
First
STOVE
flowering shrubs.
CULTUEE
peat
Pot
"
or
J, and
OP
silver sand.
plant,
weak
afterwards.
order
to
March
to
to 65".
Feb.
shoots
Expose
ripen
them
Sept.
65"
introduced
SPECIES
1640.
:
Compost,
two
parts loam,
one
part
shoots
fully
thoroughly
to
to
for
85"; Sept.
to
sun
during August
flowering
Nov.
60"
to
next
season.
"
Sept. in
Temp.,
70"; afterwards
55"
CULTUEE
OF
"
423
plants
during
in
abundance
"
early
of
flowers.
at
IX
G.
to
wood
to
freely
air
Admit
time.
any
thoroughly ripen
Temp., April to Oct, 55"
autumn
ing
insur-
for
65"; Oct.
to
to 50".
40"
April
required
shade
No
summer.
summer
GARDEN
OF
L]\OYCLOr.EDlA
CULTURE
SPECIES
HARDY
OF
parts loam,
Soil, two
part
one
border
Position, well-drained
against S. wall.
peat " silver sand.
in March.
Prune
for
as
Plant, Sept. to March.
species
greenhouse
in
shoots, 3 in. long, inserted
by cuttings of firm young
in
of
of
soil
under
well-drained
sandy
bell-glass
placed
temp,
pots
inch
55" to 65" in summer
; cuttings of roots, 1 to 2 in. long, planted an
shoots
in
soil
in
of
55"
in
to
65", spring; layering
sandy
temp,
deep
Propagate
SPECIES:
STOVE
SPECIES
ft., Australia;
20
to
jasminoidee, white
2
to
10 to 20 ft., Amboina.
a-mboinenBia, orange-red, summer,
australis
: T.
Manglesii, white, purple and red, BUmmer,
T.
CrllEENHOUSE
10
Oct.
April, Sept., or
March,
10
orange-scarlet, Bunimer,
caponsiB,
red, Aug., 10 to 20 ft., Australia;
and
to
20
Smithii,
ft., S.
orange,
Africa;
autumn,
3 ft.
HARDY
SPECIES:
10 to 20
10 to 20
and
ft., China
ft., N. America.
T.
Tecophilaea.
bulbous
CULTURE
(Chilian Crocus).
"
plants.
Compost,
First
introduced
Haemodoracese.
Ord.
house
Green-
1872.
SPECIES
Chili, and
two
Position, well-drained
CULTIVATED
its -variety
Telanthera
perennials.
bed
in
cold
one
frame
Orn.
Used
Alternanthera.
for
carpet bedding.
Soil, ordinary.
CULTURE:
Foliage, crimson,
Position, sunny
Lift
beds
in
red.
outdoors. May
in pots or boxes
Sept., store
Propagate by cuttings inserted
to
in
in
CULTIVATED:
T.
flooidea
(Syn. Alternanthera
amabilis),
leaves,
its varieties, amoena
scarlet, 3 in., Trop. America, and
(leaves orange,
red,
tricolor
bronze, and
green), and
(leaves green,
rose,
purple and yellow); bettziohiana
(Syn. Altcrnantlvcra
and
its
paronychoides), leaves brown
scarlet, and
varieties major
(larger leaves) and major aurea
(red and
yellow foliage).
Telegraph-plant
See
Desmodium.
(Desmodium
gyraus).
SPECIES
orange
"
Tenore's
Ten-week
Candytuft
Stock
Testudinaria
Dioscoreacese.
CULTURE
Greenhouse
deciduous
climber.
First
introduced
1774.
426
ENVyULOVMDlA
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Tetrag'Onia
annual.
OV
(New Zealand
in gardens
Cultivated
GAUDENINd.
ou
light dry
especially
soils.
5 to
Spinach)."Ord.
aa
First
substitute
introduced
10
ft., S. Africa.
Ficoideas.
for
Hardy
spinach
summer
1772.
"
Leaves, large,
thick, succulent.
CULTURE
: Soil, ordinary. Position,
sunny.
for 24 hours
soaked
in tepid water, singlylin.
with light soil in March.
Place
m
Sow
deep
temp.
pots
55"
seeds, previously
in 2-iu. pots filled
to 65" " keep soil
moist.
Transfer
four
seedlings to 5-in. pots when
seedlings form
off in cold frame, " plant out 3 ft. apart in rows
leaves, harden
4 ft.
asunder.
Gather
the leaves
Water
for
in
only
dry
freely
cooking.
weather.
Seeds
be sown
in open
to
ground in May it unable
may
them
in heat.
sow
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
3 in.. New
Zealand.
: T.
yellow, summer,
oxpanea,
Tetramicra..
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
epiphytal orchids.
First introduced
1831.
CULTURE
: Compost,
equal parts fibrous peat, sphagnum moss, "
charcoal.
Position, light,fastened
by copper wire to small blocks of
in small
"
roots
covered
with
well-drained
teak,
or
sphagnum moss;
baskets
in March.
in
teak
baskets.
Place
on
blocks, or
pots or
pots or
45"
50"
to
to
to
to
Nov.
Feb.
March
55"';
60"; May to
May
Temp.,
twice
Water
to
55" to 65".
Nov.
Feb.
Feb.
to
Nov.
once
a
week,
;
in
March.
to
Nov.
division
of
Propagate by
plants
April; daily April
CULTIVATED:
L. bioolor
SPECIES
(Syn. Leptotes bioolor), wliito and purple,
winter, 2 in., Brazil; rigida, rosy purple, spring, 1 ft., W. Indies.
Greenhouse
Tremandraceae.
Tetratheca.
Ord.
evergreen
introduced
1803.
First
shrubs.
flowering
"
"
Compost,
CULTURE:
parts
fibrous
one
Water
from
Oct.
sand
natives
T.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
ft. ;
summer,
of
hirsuta,
erioa.'(olia,lose,
pink, spring,
ft.
summer,
juncea,
purple,
summer,
ft.
All
Australia.
Teucrium
herbaceous
CULTURE
rockeries
"
Ord.
Labiatai.
Hardy
borders
dryish
; sunny
March
or
etc.
Plant,
for
T.
April.
walls
old
marum,
or
March
in
of
roots
or
division
April.
Propagate by
1 ft., S.
T.
purple, summer,
(Oat Thymo),
marum
CULTIVATED
:
SPECIES
Britain.
1
ft.,
-variegated
foliage,
Soorodonia
variegatum,
Europe;
and
Scitaminese.
half-hardy perenliials.
Hardy
Thalia."
Ord.
First
introduced
OP
1791.
HARDY
Position, tub
: Soil, sandy loam.
tered
shelin
March.
a
Plant
Requires
warm,
or
pond
in
best
of
N.
greenhouse.
In
England
grown
spot.
SPECIES:
Soil, light, rich loam.
HALF-HARDY
OP
CULTURE
in March.
Pot
of
moist
in
greenhouse.
part
shady
Position, pots
45" to
Oct.
to
March,
and
summer.
in
Temp.,
Water
spring
freely
in spring.
division
65".
55"
to
by
to
March
Propagate
Sept.,
55";
CULTURE
shallow
HARDT
of
SPECIES
HALF-HABDT
Thalictrum
SPECIES
water.
T.
dealbata,
genioulata, blue,
(Meadow Rue; Tufted
SPECIES:
T.
427
Columbine).
"
Ord.
Rauui-
EN
CYCLOP.
culaceae.
Hardy
excellent
substitute
EDI
GAIWENING.
OF
herbaceous
perennials. Leaves, finelydivided, green ;
fern.
for
maiden-hair
CULTURE
borders for tall species,
Position, sunny
: Soil, ordinary.
T. aquilegifolium, etc. ; sunny
for
dwarf
rockeries
species,T. anemouoides
minus.
" T.
Plant, Oct. to March.
Top-dress annually in
Feb.
March
with
or
Lift, divide, " replant only
decayed manure.
when
or
absolutelynecessary.
Propagate by division of roots in March
April.
T. anemonoides
(Hue Anemone),
yellow, spring, 8 to
3 ft., Europe;
aquilegifolium,
angustifolium, yellow, summer,
minus
3 ft., Europe;
1 ft., Europe;
minus,
purple, summer,
yellow, summer,
ndiantifolia, Maiden-hair-like
foliage.
Theobroma.
Tree). Ord. Sterculiaceae.
(Cocoa Tree; Chocolate
1739.
trees.
Stove evergreen
First introduced
Fruit, oval, yellow,or
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
ft., N.
America;
"
reddish.
Position,
Compost, equal parts fibrous loam " sand.
stove.
well-drained
Water
warm
Pot, Feb.
freely,
pots in moist
March
to Oct.; moderately afterwards.
Syringe daily, April to Sept.
Shade
from
Prune
into shape, Feb.
55"
sun.
Temp., Oct. to March
70" to 85".
to 65"; March
to Oct.
Propagate by cuttings of halfin sand
in temp, of 75" to
under
ripened shoots inserted
bell-glass
85", April to August.
CULTURE
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
T.
and
rose
cacao,
yellow,
IS
summer,
to
20
ft., Trop.
America.
Thermopsis.
First
Ord.
"
introduced
Leguminosse. Hardy
herbaceous
perennials.
1799.
March
or
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
N.
T.
caroliniana, golden yellow, summer,
1 to 2 ft., N. America.
golden yellow, summer,
Cactus
See
(Mammillaria dasycarpa).
America:
to
ft.,
montana,
ThimbI"
Mammillaria.
Thistle
Oil-plant
(Argemone mexicaua). See .\rgemone.
Thiadiantha.
Ord. Cucurbitaceae.
Half-hardy annual climber.
First introduced
1864.
Fruit, green,
oblong, netted, " ribbed.
"
"
"
CULTURE
Soil, ordinary.
border
Position, well-drained
against
light soil in temp. 55" to 65", March
or
April, transplanting seedlingssingly into small pots when
three leaves
in cold frame
form, harden
or
greenhouse, " plant outdoors, May
or
wall.
sunny
Sow
seeds
in
June.
SPECIES
Thong
CULTIVATED:
Lily
T.
(Clivia miniatum).
Thorn
Thrift
"
See
5 to
10
ft., China.
Clivia.
See Datura.
Apple
(Datura Stramonium).
(Armeria vulgaris). See Armeria.
Thrinax
Palmacese.
(Silver Thatch
Stove
Palm)." Ord.
orn.
1778.
foliage plant. First introduced
Leaves, fan-shaped,green.
CULTURE;
Compost, two parts loam, one
part peat, " little sand.
Position, well-drained
in
moist
of
Water
stove.
pots
part
copiously,
April to Oct. ; moderately afterwards.
Syringe daily, April to Sept.
Moist
from
Shade
atmosphere highly essential.
sun.
Temp., March
to Oct.
70" to 85"; Oct. to March
55"
to 65".
Propagate by seeds
soaked
for a few hours in tepid water
" then sown
J in. deep in sandy
loam
in
SPECIES
"
"
temp,
of 75"
CULTIVATED:
to 85"
T.
any time.
argentea (Broom
428
or
SiUet
Thatoh
Palm),
10
to
OF
IINCYCLOPMDIA
GARDENING.
large enough
spring, transplanting seedlings in open
ground when
in sandy soil
inserted
of
in.
to handle
2
to
3
shoots,
by
cuttings
long,
;
under
bell-glassor in cold frame in Sept. ; grafting in March.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
T.
dolobrata
form
Japan ; dolobrata
laitevirens, dwarf
;
japonica
(Syn. Thuya Standishii), Japanese
BO ft.,
form
;
occi-
and
it" varieties
America;
(American Arbor-vitce), 50 to CO ft., N.E.
(variegated
white);
argenteo-variegata
aureo-variegata (yellov?),ellwangeriana
(ends of branches
yellow tinted),
(dwarf form), crieoides
(dwarf habit), lutea
pendula (branches drooping), Spiithii (branchlets clustered),vervajneana
(branchlets
dense
(dwarf,
tinged with
wareana
yellow or brown), and
growing); orientalis
and
and
its
(Chinese arbor-vitoj),Syn. Biota
orientalis, 20 to 25 ft., China
Japan;
varieties
argenteo-variegata (variegated with white), aurea
(golden), aureo-variegata
(variegated with
yellow), deeussata
(dwarf form), elegantissima (dwarf, graceful
(dwarf form) ; plicata (Syn. T.
habit), pendula (branches drooping), and pygmira
Canoe
gigantea and T. Lobbii), Red
America,
or
a
Cedar, 100 to 150 ft., N.W.
very
dentalis
handsome
tree.
Thyme
(Thymus
"
Thyme-leaved
Fuchsia
Thyme-leaved
cislus). See
Thymus
CULTURE
OF
purposes.
4 in.
Plant,
three
winter
THYME
GARDEN
Thyme).
Shoots
four
or
chamae-
Rhododendron.
"
aromatic
Fuchsia.
"
years.
Gather
shoots
Ord.
"
used
when
or
Hardy
largelyfor culinary
Position,
March
Labiatae.
sunny
border.
warm
blossoms
use.
CULTURE
rockeries.
OF
OTHER
Plant,
Oct.
SPECIES;
March.
Soil, ordinary.
Excellent
Position, sunny
for
plants
carpeting bare
bulbs.
seeds
in.
sown
spring
|
spots
Propagate by
deep in lines
Sin. apart in April, thinning seedlings to 4 in. apart in May
June;
or
in
division
of
the
March
each
furnished
or
plant
by
portion being
April,
with
few roots; gold " silver kinds
in
a
by cuttings in cold frames
or
over
summer.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
June,
(Lemon
in., S. Europe.
Thyrsacanthus
Stove
(Thyrse Flower). Ord. Acanthacea?.
First introduced
1823.
flowering shrubs.
Compost, equal parts peat, loam, loaf-mould, " sand.
Position, well-drained
frame,
pots in lig-htstove, Sept. to June; sunny
June
to Sept. Pot,
March
or
April. Water
moderately, Sept. to
March; freely other times.
55" to 65"; March
Temp., Sept. to March
"
evergreen
CULTURE;
to
June
Nip
65"
to
75".
Prime
shoots
to
tin.
of
base
after
flowering.
oft
shoots occasionally.
points of young
May to August, to induce
twice
week
bushy growth. Apply liquid or artificial manure
to
a
shoots
plants in flower.
inserted
Propagate by cuttings of young
singly in small pots of sandy soil under bell-glassin temp. 75", March
to July.
SPIXJIES
Tiarella
CULTIVATED:
T.
rutilans, crimson,
(False Mitre-wort;
Foam
Hardy
First introduced
perennial herb.
CULTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Po.ntion,
430
winter,
2 to
Flower).
"
Ord.
ft., Colombia.
Saxifragaceae,
1731.
sunny
rockeries
or
flower
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
borders.
Plant, March
March
SPECIES
April. Propagate by
or
CULTIVATED:
T.
TibOUChina
clivi8ion of
oordifolia,-whito, April,
in
roots
in,, N. America.
(Brazilian Spider-flower)."
Ord.
Greenhouse
CULTURE:
floweringshrubs.
Compost,
charcoal
shoots
GARDENING.
April.
or
part
OF
Evergreen.
First
Melastomaceai.
introduced
1864.
two
"
trained
"
CUL'TIVATED:
SPECIES
Losiandra
(Syn._
Pleroina
or
Tick-seed
Tidy-tips
Tiser-Chop
See
"
Mesemhryau-
themum.
Flower
Tiger
(TigridaPavonia)." See Tigridia.
iris."
See Tigridia.
Tiger
Tiger
Lily (Lilium tigrinum). See Lilium.
Tigridia
(Tiger Flower; Tiger Iris)."Ord. Iridaceae. Half-hardy
or
First introduced
1796.
last in perfection
Blooms
greenhouse bulbs.
but one
day only.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
" leaf-mould
Soil, equal parts rich loam
with little sand, in partiallyshaded
bed
prepared by digging out soil
to depth of 24 in.; place 6 in. of brickbats
clinkers in bottom
"
or
for
remamdet
culture
border
or
an
ordinary
compost;
open
sunny
" any
good soil. Plant bulbs 3 in. deep, 5 to 6 in. apart, placing little
under
each
in April. Mulch
sand
" around
with
"
decayed manure
cocoanut-fibre
refuse
when
Water
in
3 in. high.
weather.
freely
di-y
"
Lift bulbs
place
POT
Coyer
until
CULTURE
part
one
in
sand.
pots
or
under
to
light.
cinder
in
ashes
cold
advanced.
Apply
when
show.
Position
yellow, then
"
suspend
by
spring ; by
SPECIES
in
after
stimulants
in
refuse
in cold
growth
begins;
freelywhen
when
occasionally
flower
or
until
frame
remove
well
stems
cold
sunny
foliageturns
pagate
place until potting time the following April. Prosown
J in. deep in light compost in temp. 55" to 65",
cool
seeds
offsets removed
:
"
"
See
for
treated as advised
orange-red, BUmmer,
T. PaTonia,
Pavonia
aurea,
alba, white;
and
crimaon,
acarlet, orange,
white, May, 1 ft., Mexico.
Tilia
until
CULTIVATED
Tile-root.
proof
suspend in cool, airy,frost-
cocoauut-fibre
moderately
Water
After
or
greenhouse
weak
frame.
"
following April.
two
: Compost,
parts sandy loam, one
part peat, "
Pot the bulbs singly in 4J-in. pots in March
or
April.
with
stage
bundles,
old
bulbs
in
1 ft., Mexico
rich
yellaw;
conchiflora,
yellov?; Pavonia
18 in., Mexico;
violacea, rose,
summer,
April.
Pavonia
Pringlei,
purple and
Geissorhiza.
(Lime Tree;
trees.
deciduoug
"Pardy
Linden
Orn.
Bass
Ord.
Tiliaceaj.
Tree;
Wood).
foliage. Fl-iwors, whito, yellow;frfj"
GARDENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Ord.
Piptanthus
Leguminosae. Hardy
(Nepaul Laburnum).
shrub.
1821.
First
introduced
flowering
evergreen
beries,
CULTURE
sheltered shrub: Soil, rich
Position, warm
sandy loam.
S. " S.W.
bf England;
N.
London.
S.
of
Plant,
walls,
against
Prune
shoots
or
Oct.,
Sept.,
April,
May.
straggling
moderately after
in sandy soil in cool greenhouse
flowering. Propagate by seeds sowu
cold frame
in spring; cuttings of ripened shoots inserted
in small
or
pots of sandy soil under
bell-glassor hand-light outdoors, Aug. or
Sept.; layering shoots, Sept. or Oct.
"
OtTLTIVATED
SPECIES
Pi^tachiO-nut
Pistacia
P.
5 to 10 ft.,Himalayas.
nepalensis, yellow, sommer,
See Pistacia.
Mastich
Tree). Ord. Anacar-
(Pistaoiavera)."
(Pistachio-nutTree;
diacese.
Hardy
foliage.
First
"
evergreen
"
deciduous
trees.
introduced
1656.
Leaves,
in young
state.
Soil, deep rich sandy loam.
Position, sheltered
S.W.
England; against S. walls, N. of London.
; reddish
green
CULTURE
:
S. "
beries
shrubPlant
Nov.
species,Sept., Oct., April, or May; deciduous
species,
Prune
Nov.
to
species,April; deciduous
evergreen
species,
Propagate by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in cold frame
or
hand-light, Sept. or Oct. ; layering in Sept.
evergreen
to Feb.
Feb.
under
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
40 ft., Canary
P. atlantioa, leaves
pinnate, evergreen,
Isles; Lentiscus
Terebinthus
(Masticli Tree), leaves
pinnate, 20 ft., S. Europe;
(Turpentine
Tree), yellow, June, 30 ft., S. Europe; vera
(Pistaohio Kut
Tree),
brown, April, 20 ft., Syria.
Pistia
Water
Aroidese.
Weed;
(Tropical Duck
Lettuce).^Ord.
Stove
First
introduced
1843.
Flowers, green,
aquatic perennial.
borne
on
Leaves, wedge-shaped, notched,
spadix at base of leaves.
pale
hairy.
green,
CULTURE
surface
fresh
60"
Place
stove.
of
soil
to
water.
annually.
70".
SPECIES
Soil, rich
2-in.
tub
tank
in
Position, shallow
or
tub
tank
soil
bottom
of
"
on
or
layer
plant on
Replenish with tepid water
occasionally. Add
70" to 85"; Oct. to March
to Oct.
Temp., March
Propagate
CULTIVATED
Pisum
loam.
of
offsets.
stratiotes, 1 to
by
P.
(Garden Pea;
Sugar Pea;
in., Jamaica.
Crown
or
Pea).
Mummy
"
Ord.
seeded
" podded vegetables.
Edible
Leguminosae. Hardy annuals.
CULTURE
GARDEN
PEAS:
loam,
OF
Soil, deep, rich calcareous
thick
"
trenched
three
a
containing
layer of
previously
spitsdeep
between
first
and
second
Position,
manure
spit.
sunny,
open
tected
proSolid
Suitable
Manures
Horse
from
N. " N.E. " E. winds.
:
dung or peat-moss litter for heavy soils ; cow or pig dung for light or
"
sandy
Chemical
(1) Kainit 21b., nitrate
lime 91b., half of each to a square
when
plants are 6 in. high; (2)nitrate
soils.
"
of
remainder
of
soda
rod
51b., superphosphate
before
of soda
sowing,
lilb., kainit
No.
as
1;
31b., applied same
rod
before
a
applied
sowing, " 6 lb.
guano
square
when
lib. for scjuare rod
plants are 3 in. high; (4) Peruvian
guano
1
before
also
when
lb.
in.
3
sowing,
plants are
high. Liquid Horse
urine diluted
" cow
with
two-thirds
nitrate
of soda Joz. to
water;
all
be
to
when
is
moist
"
when
gallon,
applied
only
ground
pods have
formed.
Direction
of
E.
to
W.
S.E. to N.W.
:
rows
for early
or
just
sorts ; N. to S. for main
Depth of drills,2\ to 3 in. ; width,
crops.
Distance
6 to 9 in.
apart for sowing the seeds: 1 in. each way for
2
for
in,
medium
dwarf
sorts;
kinds; 3 in. for tall vars., arranged in
l^lb.,
superphosphate
(3) native
l^lb.,
salt
6 lb. to
"
332
SNOYCLOP^DtA
thus
GAltDmMQ.
Of
ties
18 in. for varie:
4ft.
than
not
more
exceeding
height;
6
to
for
8ft.
sorts
those
earliest
5
6ft.
Sow
to
high;
growing
high.
south border, Nov.
" Jan., or
on
in 4^ in. pots in temp. 55" in Jan.,
hardening plantsoff when 3 in. high in cold frame " planting outdoors
in Feb. or March;
second
early sorts in open garden m Feb. " March;
"
late
mould
" J uly.
Draw
main-crop,April May ;
up to
crops, June
each side of row
them.
when
plantsare 6 in. high " place supports to
to width
of 15 in.
Mulch
each
with
Water
side of row
on
manure.
copiouslyin dry weather.
Nip off points of shoots of 'tall kinds when
4 ft. high, "
seeds
5 ft. high. Early peas,
round, late
again when
ditto, wrinkled
(marrowfats). Quantity of seed reqijired for a row
for 3 to 4
50ft. long: 1 pint. Seeds
retain their vegetativepowers
seeds germinate in 10 to 20 days. Crop reaches
maturity
years, and
Bound-seeded
sorts germinate more
in 18 to 24 weeks.
quickly than
kinds.
and
wrinkled
Protect
seeds from
mice
birds by soaking them
in paraffinoil for 4 hours before sowing.
two
rows,
Distance
".-."."
not
2 ft. in
between
3 ft. for
rows
those
Culture
Maeket
well
manured.
and
:
Soil, deeply worked
Manure
and
trench
Position,
or
plough deeply previous autumn.
for
and
sheltered
Manures:
Easic
early crops.
slag, 8 to lOcwt.
kainit 2 cwt. per acre, appliedin autumn.
When
plantsappear, apply
3 cwt.
superphosphate per'acre, " a few weeks later 1 cwt. nitrate of
soda per acre.
On poor soils apply 10 tons of farmyard manure
per
-
and
in
autumn,
superphosphate " nitrate of soda in spring.
Sow early sorts, Nov.
to Jan.; mid-season, Feb. " March;
late, April.
Distances
to sow
to
ft.
asunder.
: 3 in. deep,2 to 3 in. apart in rows
3
2^
to
of
bushels.
Cost
cultivation
3
sow
an
acre
:
:
Quantity
per acre
Hoeing,3s.; brushing haulm, 3s. 6d. ; picking per bushel (321b.),4d.
to 6d.
Average yieldper acre, 150 bushels.
Average return per acre,
^620 to ^30.
of
seeds
56
to
63 lb.
bushel,
Weight
per
for garden peas.
CULTURE
OF
PEAS
SUGAR
Sow
: Soil, same
as
in March
in
drills
in.
wide
6
"
6
"
ft.
earth
or
April,2J-in.deep
apart,
Gather
pods when
fullydeveloped "
way.
up k stake in the usual
Rotation
beans.
cook like French
follow potatoes, carrots,
: Peas
may
parsnips,turnips,broccoli, or cabbage ; " be succeeded
by cabbage,
acre
turnips,spinach, or
celery.
MUMMY
PEA:
CULTURE
OF
Soil, ordinary.
Position, open
Sow
seeds ^in. deep, three or
borders.
four
in a 3-in. pot
sunny
window
filledwith lightsoil " placed in warm
or
greenhouse in March,
in May;
or
2iin. deep in open
transplantingseedlings outdoors
6 in. high.
Water
ground in April. Support with stakes when
when
flowers
copiouslyin dry weather.
Apply stimulants occasionally
appear.
SPECIES
white
or
red,
CULTIVATED
red,
summer,
Europe;
Mediterranean
in an
Egyptian
elatius
etc. ;
satlTum
(Mummy
is
of cultivated Tarieties,
(Sugar Pea), white or
4 to 6 ft.,
Pea), blush, summer,
saccuaratum
Crown
seeds
of
latter
were
originallyfound
First
perennialherbs.
or
Leaves, narrow
sword-shaped; margins prickly.
CULTURE
loam, rough peat, " leaf: Compost, equal parts fibrous
Water
Good
mould.
tial.
Pot, March.
freelyalways.
drainage essen6(j" to 70; March
to Sept. 70" to 80".
Temp., Sept. to March
Propagate by offshoots inserted in small pots at any time.
Pitcalrnia.
introduced 1777.
SPECIES
"
CULTIVATED
Ord.
or
that
statement
Ilegion. The
mummy
P. satiTOm
Europe,
Bummer,
P.
andreana,
333
yellow and
red,
summer,
ft., Tene-
(^ABDFyXIXO.
OF
ENrYCLOP.EDIA
Impatiens.
Boraginacese.
See
(Impaticns noli-me-tangere).
Heliotrope). Ord.
(Summer
Touch-me-not
Tournefortia
"
"
First introduced
1800.
flowering shrubs.
leaf-mould
Icfam,
Compost, equal parts light
trained
shoots
or
with
Position, pots or beds,
growing loosely
Greenhouse
or
vviiUs, pillars,
to
in
pots in windows.
Sept.,or
" repot, Sept.
Pot
Feb.
Prune
lateral
main
shoots
form
pyramids;
shoots
apex
Oct.
points
when
at
apex
be removed
to
60"
frame
12 in.
when
to
70";
main
6
to
in. long
Feb.
shoots
when
shoots
altogether
to
form
to
side
"
"
Oct
50"
to
Plant
Oct., moderately
wards.
after-
in
flower.
shoots
55"-
Jnly
Pot
"
plants
Aug.
within
to
standards.
form
trellis,
healthy plants
off points of main,
; Nip
dwarf
plants; points of
when
3 to 6 in. long, to
2ft.
long, " of lateral
all side
"
to
positionoutdoors,
sunny
or
long,
of
Training
long,
3 in.
when
shoots
also
to
to
manure
to
outdoors, June
outdoors, June.
beds
sunny
May.
to
freely March
Water
Lift
in
greenhouse;
in
rafters
sand.
"
CULTURE;
4 in. of
Temp.,
Feb.
do
in
best
by
Propagate
to
cold
seeds
in
March,
April, Aug.
Sept.
or
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
cordifolia, white,
T.
sninmer,
to
ft., Colombia;
in
harden
cold
frame
in
inserted
shoots
"
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
white.
(Chinese Jasmine;
evergreen
climbing
Trachelospermum
Apocynaceae.
young
soil under
sandy
Greenhouse
1846.
introduced
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts peat, loam,
pots with shoots trained to wire trellis,or
trained
borders
with shoots
rafters, or
up pillars,
oseraleum
Chinese
shrub.
album,
Ivy)." Ord.
Flowering.
First
Feb.
or
March.
shoots
under
afterwards.
Prune
ing.
moderately after flowerto Sept. 65" to 75";
Temp., March
when
flowering.
essential.
55".
to March,
Propagate by cuttings of firm young
in well-drained
2 to 3 in. long, inserted
pots of sandy peat placed
bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75", spring or summer.
from
Shade
Sept.
Water
silver sand.
tion,
Posiwell-drained
beds or
walls.
Pot or plant,
"
SPECIES
sun
45"
to
CULTIVATED
T.
10
jasmiaoides
(Syn. lihyncospermum
jasminoides),
to 15 ft., China.
Tradescantia
linaceae.
Propagate by
SPECIES
"
Hardy
herbaceous
division
CULTIVATED:
of
roots, March
or
.\pril.
T.
I to
"virginiaiia,violet
blue, sj-'rins,
434
ft., N.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
Amcrioa;
the
see
pleno, double.
florc
For
speciea
indoor
Zebrina,
geuus
Tragacanth
See
(Astragalus tragacantha).
Gum-plant
Astragalus.
TrsLgoposon
Hardy
GARDENING.
OF
"
biennial esculent-rooted
Eoota
vegetable.
from
CXJJJTURE
four,
stones.
12
when
in. high to
in
lings
seed-
heads
flower
Remove
each
as
group.
in
"
store
off
their
the roots in Oct., twist
leaves,
soon
as
seen.
until
outhouse
with
sand
in cellar or
soil between
or
required
layers
for cooking. Artificial manures
for : 3J lb. kainit, 1 lb. sulphate of
ammonia,
mixed, per square rod (30J square yards ,
2J lb. of guano,
applied between
sowing in spring. Requires to be raised from seed
See Scorzonera
annually for producing roots for culinary purposes.
one
Lift
culture,
for market
SPECIES
etc.
CULTIVATED:
T.
and
June,
to
ft.,
Europe.
Fuchsia
Trailing
(Fuchsia procumbens). See Fuchsia.
Jesuit's Nut).
Chestnut;
Trapa
(Water Caltrops; Water
Onagraceae. Hardy aquaticfloatingherbs.
shallow pots or
CULTURE:
Soil, rich loamy. Position, sunny;
in cool greenhouse. Plant, April or May.
Projiajateby seeds
in temp, of 65" to 75" in spring.
in loamy soil in water
"
Ord.
"
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Traveller's
T.
Joy
Traveller's
natans
(Syn.
T.
sown
biconiis), Europe.
Clematis.
See
(Clematis vitalba).
"
Tree
tubs
(Ravenala madagascarensis).
"
See
Ravenala.
Treasure-flOV\fer
(Gazania Pavonia). See Cazania.
See
Dianthus.
Carnation.
Tree
Celandine
Tree
(Bocconia cordata). See Bocconia.
Tree
Cinquefoil
(Poteutillafrutescens). See Potentilla.
Ferns."
See Cyathea " Dicksonia.
Tree
Heath
Tree
(Erica arborea). See Erica.
Tree
Lupin
(Lupinus arboreus). See Lupinus.
Mallow
Tree
(Lavatera aborea). See Lavatera.
See Reseda.
Tree
Mignonette."
Tree-Of-Heaven
(Ailanthus glandulosus). See Ailanthus.
Onion
Tree
(Allium cepa proliferum). See Allium.
Tree
Paeony
(Paeoniamoutan). See Paeonia.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Tree
Tree
Rhododendron.
Tree
Poppy
"
Tremandra.
See
Greenhouse
(Cyphomandra betacea).
Tomato
"
"
Ord.
Tremandrese.
See
"
Cyphomandra.
evergreen
ing
flower-
shrub.
CULTURE:
bell-glassin
SPECIES
Propagate by cuttings of
shade in temp, of 55" to
CULTIVATED:
Trembling-fern
"
435
under
TriChomanes
Oreenhouse
GAIiDENINO.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Fronds
filmyferns.
less
or
more
Ord. Filices.
Fern).
divided, semi-transparent.
Bristle
(Killarney Fern;
"
March
to
Damp atmosphere
Sept.; 45" to 55"
in
cool
for
house
or
rhizomes
CuLTUKE
Oct. to March.
Syringing unsuitable.
to
essential.
" shade
most
Temp., 55" to 65" March
best
is
Fern
The
grown
Killarney
Sept. to March.
stone
Provide
in complete shade.
frame
plenty of sandessential.
most
moisture
Constant
to cling to.
moderately
Oct.,
IN
Cases
in
Rooms:
suitable,
peat
time
T.
radicans.
in shallow
pan
of
; by division
above.
Compost,
as
Plant,
March.
Position,
Top-dress with
rately
freelyApril to Sept., modeminutes
few
Ventilate
daily. Species most
case
surface of sandy
on
Propagate by spores sown
with bell-glassin temp. 65" to 75" at any
covered
Water
plant at pottin?
time.
Indies;
T.
CULTIVATED:
alatum, W.
Chili ; par?ulam.
Zealand
exseotum,
Colensoi, New
;
Regions; triclioideum,
Temperate
Ji'ern),Tropical and
auricnlatnm,
SPECIES
Tropics
W.
radicans
Trop. Asia;
(Killarney
Indies.
Greenhouse
Orchidaceae.
tal
epiphyevergreen
Trichopilia,.'
1821.
orchids.
First introduced
CULTURE
: Compost, equal parts fibrous
peat, fresh sphagnum moss,
well-drained
crocks.
"
clean
Position,
charcoal,
pots with base of
from
roof
in
basket
above
elevated
or
suspended
rim,
plant slightly
"
of
now
Ord.
Shade
from
sun.
atmosphere essential in summer.
March.
to
March
to
Sept. ; resting period, Sept.
Growing period,
Temp., May to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to Feb. 45" to 55"; Feb. to May
50" to 60".
Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbsat potting time.
and
T. ooooinea, crimson
CULTIVATED
.Tune. 6 in..
white. May and
SPECIES
:
and
Central
yellow, almond
scented, summer,
America;
fragrans, grcenifih white
Mexico;
suavis,
crimson,
summer,
Colombia;
galeottiana, greenish
yellow and
and
scented, May
June, Central
America;
tortilis,
white, red, and yellow, hawthorn
Mexico.
brown, yellow, white, and
crimson, summer,
Trichosanthes
Tijjcr
(Snake Gourd;
Serpent Cucumber;
troduced
annual
Cucurbitaceae.
climbers.
First inOrd.
Greenhouse
Gourd).
1735.
Fruit, very long, cucumber-like, twisted.
CULTURE:
Compost, equal parts sandy loam, leaf-mould, i- fibrous
peat. Position, well-drained
pots with shoots trained up roof of sunny
Sow
seeds
greenhouse.
singly 1 in. deep in 2-in. pots filled with above
in
lings
compost, placed
Transplant seedtemp. 65" to 75" Feb. or March.
when
three
into
well rooted
leaves form
into 4i-in.pots, " when
8-in. size. Water
freely; use tepid water only. Syringe daily.May to
Shade
trom
twice a week
Sept.
mid-day sun.
Apply weak stimulants
to
60"
70".
to
May
Sept. Temp.,
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
T. Anguina, white, summer,
10 to l.^ ft., Trop. Asia.
Trichosma.
First
Ord.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
epiphytal orchid.
1840.
introduced
CULTURE
" fibrypeat.
: Compost, equal parts fresh
sphagnum moss
Position, pots or pans half filled with potsherds," placed close to glas.s.
Pot, Feb. or March;
keep base of plant well above rim of pot or pan.
to Sept. 70" to 85"; Sept. to Nov.
65" to 75"; Nov. to
Temp., March
60" to 70".
March
March
Water
to
freely
Aug., moderately Aug. to
Nov., very little Nov. to March.
Growing period,March to Aug. ; rest-
afterwards.
Moist
"
"
436
America;
grandiflorum rgeeum,
sessile, purple, March, C in., N.
fijay, N.
America;
red, April,
ovatum,
rose;
in., N.W,
America.
(Brodiseauniflora). See
Lily
Triplet
dAIWKNINO.
OF
ENGYGLOPMDIA
"
Brodi3ea.
See Brodisea.
Stove orn.
Ord. Palmaceae.
TrithrinaXi
foliageplants. First
oval ; green.
1875.
introduced
Leaves, roundish
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts loam, one part peat " little sand.
Water
copiously
Position, well-drained
pots in moist part of stove.
Syringe daily,April to Sept.
April to Oct., moderately afterwards.
from
Shade
sun.
Moist
Temp., March
atmosphere highly essential.
55" to 65".
to Oct. 70" to 85" ; Oct. to March
Propagate by seeds soaked
" then sown
in tepid water
for a few hours
J in. deep in sandy loam in
Triteieia.
"
"
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
10
to
85", any
of 75" to
temp,
time.
T.
acanthoooma,
10
to
ft., Brazil;
15
brafiiliensis,
ft., Braiil.
15
Tritoma."
See Kuiphofia.
bulbous
Tritoniai
Ord. Iridacese.
Hardy deciduous
plants.
1758.
First introduced
OUTDOOE
CULTURE
leaf-mould, "
: Soil, equal parts sandy loam,
well-drained
borders.
Plant
3 in.
manure.
Position,
decayed
sunny,
in
"
in.
Oct.
March.
Nov.
2
to
to
Protect,
March,
deep
apart
masses,
Mulch
in March
with
by covering of dry litter.
layer of decayed
in
first
litter.
Water
occasionally very dry weather.
manure,
removing
stimulants
Apply
occasionallyduring floweringperiod. Lift " replant
"
bulbs
annually.
CULTURE:
POT
mould
cow
gradiiallycease,
fade, then
March
treated
to
as
40" to
advised
cool
"
cover
greenhouse
dry till Jan.
Temp., Sept.
60".
Propagate by offsets
bulbs
50"
to
times,
for bulbs.
T.
orocata
Trollius
pot in Nov.,
keeping
50"; other
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
part leaf-
one
refuse
loam,
parts sandy
two
manure.
five bulbs
Place
fibre
Compost,
decayed
or
(Globe Flower).
"
Montbretias.
formerly known
as
Ord. Ranunculaceae.
Hardy
ft.;
yellow,
herbaceous
perennials.
CULTURE
Oct.
partiallyshady
to April. Water
every
three
or
four
borders
or
years.
shady positionoutdoors
April.
soil in
to
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
flore pleno, double.
tion,
Posiordinary or preferably loam.
margins of ponds or streams.
Plant,
T.
in
Sept. or April;
division
18
of roots, Oct.
in., Siberia;
europwns
Tropseolum
(Nasturtium; Indian Cress; Flame
Flower; Canary
Greenhouse
Creeper). Ord. Geraniacese.
or
hardy annual or perennial
dwarf or climbing herbs.
OF
CULTURE
CANARY
CREEPER
: Soil, good
ordinary mould or
sandy loam. Position, against sunny or shady wall, fence, arbour, or
north
a
trellis;does "yell
on
aspect. Sow seeds Jin. deep in light soil
in temp. 55" in March,
harden
off seedlingsin cold frame
in April "
plant outdoors in May; or J in. deep outdoors in April where required
Water
to grow.
freelyin dry weather.
"
CULTURE
Position, sunny
OP
NASTURTIUM:
or
Climbing kinds:
Soil, ordinary.
shady walls, fences,arbourSjor window Ijoses, Sow
438
ENCYOlOP.F.ntA
seed
seed
pods
in.
deep
ordinary, not
Sow
seeds
in
they
as
April
form
where
to
rich.
over
OF
aARDENING.
plants
Eeniove
required to grow.
kinds ; Soil,
flowering. Dwarf
are
free
ensure
Position, sunny
beds.
April. Thin
plants are desired.
borders
shady
or
or
in
Remove
seed pods unless seed is required.
POT
CULTURE:
Sow
seeds Jin. deep " 2 in. apart in 5-in. pots
filled with
a
" one
compost of two
parts good mould
part decayed
in April. Place
manure
cold frame.
Water
rately
modeor
pots in window
in full growth.
first,freely when
sionally
occaApply stimulants
when
in flower.
Double
varieties propagated by cuttings in
in May
Juno.
temp. 55" in spring. Plant outdoors
or
May be grown
in pots in a compost of two
one
parts loam,
part leaf-mould, " fittle
sand.
Pot in March
or
Water
April.
moderately
freelyin summer,
other
times.
Oct.
March
to
40"
to 50"; March
55" to
to June
Temp.,
65".
CULTURE
OF T. LOBBIANUM
seeds in light soil in temp. 55"
; Sow
at
in
March,
harden
June
April where
Indooe
mould
or
pots
requiredto
Culthee
decayed
"
manure
or
April, freely
long,inserted
March
to
grow.
Compost,
50"
CULTURE
afterwards.
in
to
two
half
up
part
rafters.
Propagate
Water
part leaf-
one
Position,
well-drained
moderately Sept.
by cuttings
of
shoots,
to
3 in.
to
OF
GREENHOUSE
TUBEROUS-ROOTED
SPECIES:
tion,
PosiCompost, equal parts turfy loam, leaf-mould, peat, " silver sand.
well-drained
pots iu light, airy greenhouse. Pot, Aug. to Nov.
tuber
Place one
1 in.
Water
only in =1 pot and bury this about
very
little till plantsgrow
freely,then give an abundant
supply. Withhold
water
entirelywhen foliage turns yellow " until growth recommences.
Train shoots
Apply stimulants
occasionally when plants are in flower.
to wire trellis fixed in pots or
Temp., Nov. to Feb. 40" to
up rafters.
After
55" to 65".
50"; Feb. to June
growth ceases, store pots in cool
in light sandy soil
place till potting time.
Propagate by seeds sown
in temp. 55" to 65" in spring; cuttings of shoots inserted in sandy soil
in temp. 55" to 65" in spring or summer.
HARDY
for T.
CULTURE
SPECIES:
OF
Soil, light sandy loam
for T. polyphyllum ; equal parts loam,
pentaphyllum ; ordinary mould
sum.
for T. tuberopeat, leaf-mould, " sand for T. speciosura
; poorish mould
for
T.
sum;
or
Position, south
wall
polyphyllum;
shaded
sunny
border
for
T.
or
fence
wall
or
tuberosum.
for
T.
pentaphyllum;
sunny
for
T. tuberosum
T.
bank
specio-
in March
manure
sand
in
April;
ANNUAL
summer,
Majus
(Dwarf
in Oct.
(Tall Nasturtium),
orange
and
summer,
brown,
summer,
1 ft., Peru.
439
to
10
ft., Peru;
minus
ENOYOLOP^DIA
OARDDNING.
OF
and
Oct., 3 ft.,
GREENHOUSE
T.
white,
SPECIES:
blue, green,
azureum,
tuberous-rooted, Chili; .Tarrattii,
scarlet, and brown, June, 12 ft., tuberousorange,
10 ft.,
6 to
and
winter,
rooted, Santiago ; lobbianum,
scarlet, summer
orange
vermilion
4 ft., tuberous-rooted,
and
Colombia;
pentaphyllum,
purple, summer,
Buenos
5 to 10 ft.. Chili.
Ayres ; tricolorum, orange
scarlet, summer,
HARDT
PERENNIAL
SPECIES
Leichtlinii, orange,
yellow and red, summer,
: T.
Indian
Cress), yellow, June, trailing,
trailing, hybrid ;' polyphyllum (Yellow Rock
speeiosum
Chili; tuberosum,
yellow and red, Sept., trailing, tuberous-rooted, Peru;
10 ft.. Chili.
(Fljxme Flower), crimson, summer,
See Teeoma
" Bignonia.
Trumpet-flower.
"
Trumpet
(Lonicera sempervirene).
Honeysuckle
See
"
Lonicera.
Trumpet
Trumpet
Lilium
"
Hiehardia.
Ord. Coniferae.
"
Tsusa.
of
"
handsome
growth
CULTURE:
sites in parks
seeds
in
"
in
sown
and
sandy
in
Habit
trees.
loam.
Plant
pleasure grounds.
or
See
in
autumn.
in pans
April,
or
in
Propagate by
gentle warmth
March.
SPECIES
T.
Abies
Hemlock
CULTIVATED:
canadensis
(Syn.
cnnndensis).
80 ft., N.E.
America;
caroliniana, 50 to 60 ft., S. Alleghaniea; mer(Syn. Abies nlbertiana), 100 to 140 ft., N.W.
America;
(Calipattoniana
60
Spruce,
tensiana
fornian
Spruce),
to
Hemlock
80 to
Spruce),
100
Tuberose
150
ft., California;
sinuata).
(Salpiglossis
"
Pansy."
Tulip."
Tulipa
Sieboldii
Hemlock
(Japanese
Polianthus.
"
Tufted
Salpigljssis.
See
Viola.
See
See
Tulipa.
(Tulip). Ord.
"
CLASSIFICATION"
not
to
Tube-tong;ue
have
100
ft., Japan.
Liliaceae.
FLORISTS'
Selfs
Breeders
or
flowered.
bulbous-rooted
Hardy
OF
TULIPS
Seedlings:
plants.
Bulbs
that
with
the
another
centre
of each
petal.
Bizarres
Yellow
petalsmarked
colour.
marked
with
of
shades
Byblomens : White,
black, violet, or purple. Roses : White, marked
with red.
CLASSIFICATION
OF
ORDINARY
TULIPS
: Early : Flowering in
March.
Van
Thol.
Late
or
Example, Uuc
Cottage : Flowering in
Same
Mother
May " June.
Breeders,
:
as
Example, T. vitellina.
Darwin
self-coloured.
A
strain
of
self-coloured
;
tulips.
superior
Rembrandt
coloured
Same
but
as
Darwins,
striped. Parrot : Curiouslywith large, feathery-edged petals.
CULTURE
OP
ORDINARY
TULIPS:
Soil, light,ordinary, previously
enriched
with
liberally
Position, sunny
well-decayed manure.
well-drained
beds
borders.
bulbs
Plant
or
4 in. deep " 6 in. apart,
Oct. to Dec.
Mulch
surface of bed with decayed manure
cocoanutor
fibre refuse.
Lift bulbs
after
in
"
replant them
directly
flowering
border
finish
to
their
leave
until
reserve
growth; or
July,
sunny
then lift, dry, " store away
in cool place till planting time.
Bulbs
be left in ground altogether if desired, lifting,
planting
dividing," remay
:
blooms
every
tulipsgrown
POT
CULTURE
three
in the
:
years.
same
Mother,
Darwin,
Rembrandt,
"
Parrot
way.
Compost,
two
440
parts
loam,
one
part
decayed
ENGYGLOFJEDIA
GAIWENING.
OF
"
water
freely. Temp,
CuLTUHS
part leaf-mould,
one
for
Exhibition
roR
one
forcing,55" to 65".
:
Compost, four parts good "turfy loam,
"i one
part
manure,
part decayed cow
in
sand, mixed
to remain
together " allowed
well-drained
Position,
bed, containing
sunny
for
heap
year.
one
18 in.
about
of
above
bulbs
3 to 4 in. deep " 6 m.
apart end of Oct. or
Protect- blooms
each
Surround
bulb
w-th
sand.
beginning of Nov.
in
Store
with canvas
awning. Lift bulbs when leaves turn brown.
in
drawers
which
loose skins " place
cool shed
to dry, after
remove
Plant
compost.
case
3 in.
tion,
Soil, light rich ordinary. Posilatter
In
naturalised, in grass.
borders, rockeries, or
sunny
to Nov.,
Plant,
Sept.
no
required.
lifting
plant permanently;
four
"
divide,
in.
Lift,
years.
replant
"
6
every
apart.
deep
SPECIES
in
Propagate by seeds sown
transplanting following year
in
Feb.
lig:htsandy soil
in
cold
frame
bed
in
a^d
,
in.!
Crimea
yellow
and
yiridiflora, yellow
Tulip
in.. Asia
and
green.
(Liriodendron
Tree
Hymenophyllum.
Turban
Turban
(Nyssa aquatica).
Tupelo-tree
"
Bel
crimson
N.
Persia,
(Hymenophyllum Tunbndgense)."
Fern
Filmy
Tunbridge
See
undulatifoUa
18 in., Europe;
6 m..
mauve,
spring,
vio
Minor;
acea,
June. 1 ft.; Titelllna, yellow. May, 18 m.
tulipifera)."See Liriodendron.
'yellow.
syW^tris,
May,.
blick.9
"
See
-kt
Nyssa.
Iflower
Lilium.
Turkey
Turkey
Rhubarb
Turfing
Turkestan
."
Turkey's-beard
"
Turk'S-cap
Turk'S-cap
Turk's-head
See
Turnip."
(Melocactuscommunis)."
Cactus
Lily
Grass
See
bee
Melocactiis.
Brassica,
^^
Aero-
BKCYCLOPMDIA
Turnip
Fern
OF
Turnip-rooted
Turnsole
Sec
(Heliotropium peruvianum).
"
Turquoise-berried
"See
(JARDEXING.
Vine
Heliotropium.
(Vitis Jieterophyllahumulifolia).
Vitia.
Turtle-head."
Chelone.
See
Tussilag-O
(Variegated Coltsfoot)."Ord.
Compositae. Hardy
herbaceous
perennial. Urn.
foliage. Leaves, roundish
heart-shapea,
white.
margined or spotted with creamy
CULTURE:
" sand.
Compost, two parts loam, one
part leaf-mould
Water
Position, cold
Pot, March.
greenhouse, frame, or window.
freely, April to Oct. ; keep nearly dry afterwards.
May be grown
in damp
outdoors
and
shady borders
ordinary soil. Plant, March.
Propagate by division, March.
T.
CULTIVATED:
Farfara
varieg-ata, 6 in., Britain.
Tutsan
(Hypericum Androsaeura)." See Hypericum.
See Oxypetalum.
Tweed
ia.
Twin-flower
(Linnasa borealis). See Linnsea.
Twin-leaf
(Jeffersoniabinnata). See Jeffersonia.
Twin-leaved
the
Lily of
Valley
(Maianthemum
SPECIES
"
"
"
See
laria).
Tyerman's
"
Typha
conval-
Maianthemum.
Groundsel
Ord.
(Eeed Mace).
'brown; July.
Soil, ordinary.
:
"
Inflorescence,
CULTURE
Oct.
Plant,
ponds.
SPECIES
or
CULTIVATED:
botli natives
Ulex
of
T.
of shallow
Position, margins
March,
rivers
or
division.
by
angustjfolia, 4
to
ft., and
T.
latifolia, 4 to 6 ft.,
Britain.
Gorse;
(Furze;
Whin).
Ord.
"
Leguminoseae. Hardy
green
ever-
shrubs.
Soil, ordinary.
CULTURE:
woodlands.
Plant,
Sept.
to
Position, sunny
banks,
rockeries, or
April.
HEDGE
in
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
U.
europasus
flore
ft., spring,
(Britain).
Europe
Hardy deciduous
variegated.
CULTURE:
Soil,ordinary for common
species(U. campestris); deep
moist
rich loamy with
gravelly subsoil for Wych Elm
(U, montana);
Elm
loamy for American
(U. americaua). Position, open " sunny
for all species" varieties.
Plant,
woodlands, parks, or shrubberies
(Elm; Wych
Elm). Ord.
insignificant.Leaves,
Ulmus
trees.
"
Flowers,
Oct. to Feb.
CULTURE
or
FOR
TIMBER
25 ft.
apart.
Timber
Urticaceae.
PURPOSES:
rows
fine, hard
or
or
green
Soil,
avenues.
grain, "
brown
clay, loam,
chalk,
20
to
Plant
autumn,
for
in colour.
Used
to
Average
pound,
price of trees
20s.
to
70,000.
per 1,000 :
Average
2 years
25s.
442
height
old,
of
5s. ; 2 to
trees,
3 years,
150
ft.
planted,
trans-
ENOYCLOPJiDIA
OF
GARDENING.
Propagation
:
removed
"
Propagate by suckers
planted Oct.
layering shoots in Sept. or Oct.; budding choice kinds on
common
in July,
species," choice variegated kinds on U. montana
or
by grafting similarlyin March; seeds gathered as soon
as
ripe "
in lightsoil in shady position outdoors.
sown
to
Nov.;
CULTIVATED:
U.
alata
States;
(Winged Elm), 30 to 40 ft., S.U.
(American Elm), 50 to 100 ft., H. America;
Elm",
camiiestris (Common
70 to 120 ft., Euroiie, N.
Africa, Siberia, etc.; canipcstris euberosa
(Cork-barked
campe"tris
Elm);
pendula, weeping- variety; campestris
variegata, variegated;
glabra (Wych Elm), 50 to 70 ft.,Europe ; glabra cornubiensis
(Cornish Elm) ; glabra
peudula, weeping form; montana
(Scotch Elm), 60 to 100 ft., Europe, N. Asia, etc.;
montana
vegeta (Huntingdon Elm).
Umbilicus."
See
Cotyledon.
SPECIES
ameriooniv
Umbrella
Fern."
Umbrella,
Fir
Umbrella
Leaf
Umbrella
Palm
Umbrella
Pine
See
Gleichenia.
(Sciadopitysverticillata).See Sciadopitys.
(Diphylleia Cymosa)." See Diphylleia.
(Hedyscepe canterburyana). See Hedyscepc.
(Pinus pinea). See Pinus.
Umbrella
Plant.
Umbrella
Tree
"
"
"
See
"
Saxifraga
"
Cyperus.
"
time
moderately from
depth. Water
leaves
after
freely; keep quite dry
appear,
fade.
April to
pots from
Temp., Sept. to April 55" to 65". Place
oifsets
treated
bulbs,
as
Sept. in light sunny position. Propagate by
Sept. to Dec.
two-thirds
till leaves
bulbs about
flowers show
SPECIES
8
in., N.
of their
then
TJ.
CULTIVATED:
India.
Unicorn-plant.
"
See
summer,
Martynia.
See Veltheimia.
(Veltheimia viridifolia).
Graminaceae.
Ord.
perennial grasses.
Uniola
Hardy
(Sea Oat).
loose
in
borne
Inflorescence
Orn.
panicles,July "
large
flowering.
Unicorn-root
"
"
Aug.
or
April. Position, open
COLTURE:
Soil, ordinary. Plant, March
in Aug.
for winter
"
use
inflorescence
Gather
borders.
dry
sunny
sion
in
outdoors
rich
soil
in;
by diviApril
seeds
sown
light
Propagate by
March.
in
of roots
latifolia, 4 ft. ; paniculata, 6 to 8 ft.,N. America.
CULTIVATED
: U.
SPECIES
Drooping Urn-flower)." Ord.
Urceolina
(Golden Urn-flower;
duced
bulbous
deciduous
plants. First introAmaryllidacese. Greenhouse
1836.
.
Compost,
CULTURE:
crushed
few
house.
Pot,
freely from
bones.
two
Position, well-drained
quite dry.
of its depth.
two-thirds
until
Sept., when
Feb.)
(about
about
growth begins
Apply liquid manure
time
when
sand,
part river
pots in light part
one
flower
spike
shows.
"
"
of
Water
keep
Top-
Temp., Feb.
dress
annually
repot every
40" to
Propagate by seeds
to Sept. 55" to 65"; Sept. to Feb.
in
temp. Go
in. deep in well-drained
pots of sandy loam
1-16
sown
to 70" in March,
placing seedlings singly in 2-in. pots " keeping
for three years ; by offsets
moist
all the year round
them
moderately
"
treated
as
old
three
bulbs.
443
or
four
years
50".
only.
TSNOYOLOPMniA
SPECIES
ft,, Peru.
CULTIVATED:
Ursinia.
TJ.
Ord.
"
OF
pendula
(Syn.
OAItDENING.
U.
Compositae. Half-hardy
green,
summer,
duced
intro-
First
annual.
1836.
CULTURE
Soil, ordinary.
seeds, Feb.
March
Position,
sunny
beds
or
borders.
Sow
in pots, pans, or
boxes
ordinary light mould
in temp. 55"
to 65", "
inch
an
transplant seedlings when
high to
.3 in. apart in shallow
off
boxes; place in cold frame in April; harden
"
Also
seeds in open ground in
plant outdoors. May or June.
sow
April where required to grow, " thin seedlingsto 4 or 6 in. apart when
1 to 6 in. high.
or
SI'ECIES
brown,
in
CULTIVATED:
1
summer,
U.
Utricularia,
March
Admit
introduced
fibrous
Position, well-drained
in
of
saucer
speciosa), yellow
Lentibulariacese.
Ord.
1871.
"
First
CULTURE;
pots
(Syn. Sphcnogyne
(Bladder wort).
aquatic herbs.
crocks.
pulohra
and
ft., S. Africa.
under
water
shallow
peat, sphagnum
pans placed on
or
hand-light in
bell-glass
Stove
moss,
"
inverted
shade.
Pot,
Water
freely,April to Sept.; moderately afterwards.
air for a few minutes
daily every morning by tiltingbell-glass
55" to 65"; March
or
to Oct. 70"
hand-light. Temp. Oct. to March
filled
85".
to
surface
of shallow
on
Propagate by seeds sown
pans
with
of
under
bellequal parts
sphagnum moss,
peat, " sand, placed
in temp, of 55" to 65", Feb., March,
or
glass " kept moist
April ;
division of plants at potting or planting time.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
V.
lilac
and
Endriesii, green,
yellow, spring, 4 in.,
Costa
white
and
6 in., Trop. America.
llicft; montana,
yellow, summer,
bulbous
Uvularia
plants.
(Bell-wort).Ord. Liliaceae. Hardy
1710.
First introduced
border.
CULTURE;
Soil, moist
peat. Position, partially shaded
April.
or
"
Oct,
Plant,
SPECIES
"
Nov.
foliftta,yellow, May,
in Oct.
division of roots
grandiflora, yellow. May, 1 ft., N. America;
Propagate by
CULTIVATED:
TJ.
1
ft., N.
per-
America.
Ord.
(Whortleberry; Bilberry; Huckleberry).
"
deciduous
or
flowering
ing
berry-bearHardy
evergreen
VaCCinium
Vacciniaceae.
"
.shrubs.
black;
edible; Aug.
to Oct.
rockeries
V.
for
peat.
or
April. No
myrtillua. Plant, Sept., Oct., March,
boxes
in shallow
or
pruning required. Propagate by seeds sown
in
"5"
65"
in
of
filled
with
to
moist
spring,
temp,
sandy
peat
pans
serted
in summer;
cuttings of shoots intransplanting seedlings outdoors
in summer;
in sandy moist
hand-light in shade
peat under
March.
of plants, Sept. or
layering shoots in autumn
; division
CULTURE
Soil, boggy
vitus-ideae
Position,
moist
V.
"
and
(Bilberry or Whortleberry), rose
berry
(Cow(Britain): Titus-idwa
Hemisphere
N. Hemisphere
(Britain).
Flowering Box), pink, spring, trailing, evergreen,
or
Ceutranthus.
See
Valerian
ruber).
(Centranthus
CULTIVATED:
.SPECIES
STPcn,
T.
spring, berries
dark
myrtillus
blue, 18 in., N.
"
Valerianacese.
Hardy
(Cretan Spikenard). Ord.
"
Leaves,
yellow.
orn.
golden
foliage.
Flowering
Plant, Sept.
borders.
CULTURE
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
four
three
Topor
to April. Lift, divide, " replant every
years.
down
Cut
flowering
in
with
dress
manure
April.
decayed
annually
Valeriana
"
perennial herbs.
stems
in
Oct.
by
outdoors
SPECIES
in
pagate
Probe picked off as they form.
should
position
in. deep in
light soil in sunny
or
division of roots in March
April.
V. plin aurea,
white, Ang., 3 ft., Cauca.sus.
Flower
seeds
sown
April;
OULTIVATED:
buds
1-16
444
OF
ENUYVLOL'MDIA
by removing
or
in Feb.
young
"
March,
or
GARDENING.
attached
in
of
from
base
as
advised
baskets
plants
for
old
plants.
CULTIVATED
: V.
amesiana, -white, rose, and magenta, various
seasons,
Bensoni, white, violet, and pinl^, various
Burma;
seasons,
caerulea,
lavender
N.
blue, autumn,
cairulesoens, purplish blue, summer,
India;
Burma;
denisoniana, white, summer,
hookeriana, white, rose, and magenta-purple,
Burma;
Malaya;
autumn,
chocolate, yellow, white, and
insignis, brown,
winter,
rose,
Timor
kimballiana,
Burma
white, rosy
brown,
;
autumn,
purple, yellow, and
;
and
l^arishii,yellow, brown, magenta,
violet, fragrant, summer,
Burma;
Roxburghii,
brown,
white, summer,
sanderiana,
India;
pink, yellow, and
purple, and
green,
crimson,
Philippines; suavis, white, purple, and
rose,
summer,
fragrant, Java;
and
teres, white, rose, orange,
magenta,
spring, India; tricolor, yellow, white,
and
Java.
magenta
purple, various
seasons,
SPECIES
fragrant, India;
Vanilla,
"
1800.
Ord.
Seed
Stove
Orchidaceae.
pods
form
First
climbing orchid.
vanilla
the
of
duced
intro-
commerce.
"
clean
moss,
Compost, equal parts peat, sphagnum
bed
with
well-drained
or
narrow
Position,
potsherds.
pots, pans,
Feb.
wall
of
Pot
shoots trained
wood.
or
rafter,
or
or
plant,
logs
up
wards.
afterWater
March
to
March.
or
October;
moderately
copiously,
Shade
from
sun.
Temp.,
Syringe foliage daily in summer.
55" to 65".
March
to Sept. 70" to 85" ; Sept. to March
Propagate by
in
cuttings of climbing stems out into 2 or 3 in. lengths " imbedded
in
85"
"
of
75"
in
to
moss
temp,
spring.
peat
sphagnum
CULTUEE
20
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
America.
ft., Central
Vanilla
Vegetable
Marrows.
Vegetable
Oyster
CULTURE
cow
to
V.
commences
Liliaceae.
See
bulbous
Greenhouse
two
sunny
to
viridifolia,Aug.
bulbs
Place
compost firmly
; freely when
Apply
die off.
Vanilla.
"
Position, light
little sand.
June;
to
to
Cucurbita.
(Tragopogon porrifolius).
Ord.
Compost,
"
March.
Press
"
See
"
10
summer,
Tragoplants.
1768.
manure,
Sept.
of
See
(Vanillaplanifolia)."
Orchid
pogou.
Veltheimia.
First introduced
V.
in
cold
frame
Nov.;
those
part well-decayed
dow,
greenhouse or win-
one
sunny
remainder
of V.
of
glauca
"
Pot
year.
intermedia,
bulbs
Oct.
surface
of compost.
below
new
growth
moderately when
leaves
full growth; keep nearly dry when
the plants are
growing
occasionally when
with
point just
pots.
in
stimulants
Water
55" to 6J"
40" to 50"; March
to June
freely. Temp., Sept. to March
in
small pots
from
removed
offsets
bulbs,
placed
parent
Propagate by
close
removed
bulbs
to bulbs
leaves
for
advised
treated
as
"
; by
large
in
soil
in
of
summer.
or
inserted
sandy
spring
"
pots
singly
18 in. to 2 ft.; intermedia,
V.
CULTIVATED:
glauca, flesh, March,
SPECIES
of S. Africa.
flesh, April, 13 to 18 in.; viridifolia, flesh, Aug., 2 ft. All natives
See
Rhus.
Sumach
Venetian
(Rhus Cotinus).
"
Venidium.
CULTURE
by seeds
Compositse. Half-hardy
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
Ord.
"
sown
in
lightsoil
in
seedlings outdoors.
SPECIES
summer,
18
Venus's
Venus's
CULTIVATED:
in., S. Africa.
V.
temp. 55"
May
fugax
to
65",
annuals.
borders.
March
June.
or
(Sj-n.V. calendulaocum),
or
Propagate
April;
orange
and
planting
trans-
black,
Trap
(Dionseaniuscipula).See Dionaea.
speculum). See SpecuLookingT'Srlass
(Specularia
Fly
"
"
laria.
446
BNOYCLOPJEDIA
Venus'S
OF
Navel-wort
GABDENING.
(Omphalodes
lodes.
See
linifolia)."
Ompha-
Veratrum
(False Hellebore). ^Ord. Liliaoeae. Hardy herbaceous
perennials. First introduced
1548.
Leaves, large, much
ribbed,
Roots, creeping ; highly poisonous.
green.
"
CULTURE
moist
Soil,
borders.
moist
soil
peaty
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
Europe;
V.
album
(White
Hellebore
Verbascuin
(Mullein; Aaron's
Rod)." Ord.
Scrophulariacoa;.
biennial
" perennial herbs.
CULTURE
OP
BIENNIAL
SPECIES:
Soil, ordinary. Position,
in
borders.
Sow
seeds
soil
in sunny
rich
doors
sunny
ligEt
position outin April, transplantingseedlingswhen
three
four leaves
or
form,
Hardy
6 in.
in
apart
required
to
positionuntil
sunny
OF
CULTURE
seeds
by
March
then
plant
where
PERENNIAL
Position, sunny
in
toUowing April;
flower.
April.
or
BIENNIAL
as
SPECIES
nary.
:
Soil, deep light rich ordiborders.
pagate
March,
or
Plant, Oct., Nov.,
April. Proadvised
for biennial
of
division
roots
species; by
SPECIES."
V.
olympicum
(Olympian
Mullein), yellow,
summer,
ft.,
Bithynia.
PEli.llBNIAL
S.W.
Europe;
SPECIES
Chaixii
3 ft.,
: T.
(Nettle-leaved Mullein), yellow, summer,
3 ft., Europe;
nigrum (Dark Mullein), yellow, summer,
phcenieeum
3 ft., Europe.
(Purple Mullein), violet and red, summer,
^Ord.
Verbena
Verbenaceae.
biennials
"
(Vervain).
Hardy
"
Present
of
race
greenhouse shrubby
hardy herbaceous
perennials.
from
and
other
V. teucrioides
bedding verbenas
originallyderived
First
introduced
cultivated.
1774.
species not now
CULTURE
OF
BEDDING
VERBENAS
two
: Compost,
parts good
leafturfy loam, " one
part of equal proportions of decayed manure,
mould, " sharp silver sand.
Position, pots in light greenhouse; or
cold
in summer.
Water
frames
to May.
Pot, Feb.
freely,April to
Oct. ; moderately afterwards.
two
three
times
or
Apply stimulants
"
to plants in flower.
Nip off points of shoots during spring to
bushy growth. Discontinue
nipping off points of shoots six
weeks
before
Young
plants struck
plants are required to flower.
best
seed
from
cuttings or raised from
adapted for pot culture.
55"
Shade
40" to 50"; March
to June
to 65".
Temp., Oct. to March
weekly
induce
from
sun.
with
:
Soil, good 9rdinaryliberallyenriched
beds
Plant
12 in. apart
borders.
or
Position, sunny
CULTURE
OUTDOOR
decayed
each
manure.
in
way
of bed
Water
June.
as
they
grow,
"
Peg
shoots
other
nip
to
face
sur-
off their
points.
SPECIES;
Position,
Soil, ordinary.
soil in temp. 55" in Feb., harden
sunny
in April," plant out
12 in. apart in May;
off seedlings in cold frame
in
to
where
April;
or
required
grow
Position, sunny
V. VENOSA:
Soil, ordinary rich.
OP
CULTURE
in Oct., store
in ordinary
Lift roots
borders.
beds or
Plant, May.
CULTURE
OP
soil in
boxes
BIENNIAL
Sow
borders.
in
seeds
in
light
frost-proofplace
until
447
March,
then
place
in
temp.
55", k
place
plant old
Peg shoots
shoots
new
small
down
as
well-drained
in
soils
PROPAGATION
seeds
third
in
May
in
districts.
grow.
sheltered
YERBENAS
in
leaf
Jan.,
forms
in
deep
to
"
boxes
Propagate
pots,
or
altogether
garden
verbenas
filled with
boxes
sand, placed
by
in
post
com-
temp.
March,
or
or
pans,
outdoors
grown
pans,
" little
leaf-mould
Feb.,
in
be
they
OF
in.
1-16
sown
of
65"
form
these with portion of old roots,
remove
off
"
harden
plant out 12 in. apart in May ; or
pots,
if necessary,
direct
into beds in April.
roots, dividing them,
when
in
OAUBENING.
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
cuttingsinserted
2J-in.pots,
to
bed
"
of
sandy soil
planting 2 in.
; by
larger
in Aug., lifting
rooted
"
cuttings when
in
boxes
"
shelf
in
or
on
greenhouse until March,
apart
storing
pans
off
in
shoots
taken
off in
small
tlien
or
singly
potting
pots;
young
inserted
sand
in
under
Feb.
"
in
March,
or
damp
bell-glass temp. 65" ;
of
the
division
in
V.
roots
venosa,
by
spring, or cuttings of shoots
in cold
frame
in Aug.
inserted
later
in
to
on
cold
frame
BIENNIAL
N.
SPECIES:
Aubletia
Y.
or
lilac,
summer,
ft.,
.\inerica, hardy.
SPECIES
HALF-HAUDT
Vernonia
V.
Ord.
"
flowering plants.
CULTURE:
First
lilac,summer,
tenosa,
(Irouweed).
ft., Argentine.
Compositae. Hardy
introduced
herbaceous
1710.
loam.
borders.
rich, sandy
Position, sunny
in spring.
April. Top-dress with decayed manure
in sandy soil in a cold frame
in March
or
Propagate by seeds sown
in a sunny
in April; also by division
border
of the
April, or outdoors
in March
roots
or
April.
Plant,
Soil,
March
SPECIES
or
CULTIVATED;
arkansana,
States;
purple, summer,
Veronica.
to
in
Scrophulariaceae.Half-hardy
hardy herbaceous
perennials.
SHRUBBY
"
SPECIES
rockeries, borders,
sunny
districts south
weather.
severe
very
4 ft., T.
liolet, autumn,
America;
noveboracensis,
States.
"
sheltered
Protect
ft., U.
flowering shrubs
evergreen
OP
CULTURE
inland
(Speedwell). Ord.
hardy
Position,
T.
purple,
of
:
or
the
Prune
Soil, ordinary
the
beds
near
Trent.
Plant,
or
sea
loam
"
coast,
"
peat.
or
in
Sept. or April.
into shape in
plants
straggly
April.
POT
CULTURE
sand.
Position, sunny
balconies.
Pot, Sept.
CULTURE
rich.
Feb.
OP
Position,
to
May.
HARDY
sunny
PERENNIAL
SPECIES:
borders
rockeries.
or
Plant,
Lift, divide,
"
replant triennially.
Soil, ordinary
Sept.
Water
to
Nov.,
in
with
pagate
Prodry
annually
decayed manure.
April
shrubby speciesby cuttings inserted in sandy soil under
bellin summer
glass in spring; under hand-lightor in cold frame
; perennials
in light
or
by division of roots in autumn
spring; seeds sown
outdoors
in April.
soil in shade
V. Andeisoni, blue, summer,
SHnUBBT
SPECIES:
2 to 3 ft.; Andersoni
Tnrieand
6 to 12 in., New
gata, variegated; Bidwcllii, white
violet, summer,
Zealand;
weather.
Mulch
in
448
freely
enoyolopjEdia
of
oabdening.
ouprcssoides
1
tt
JNew
/iealand
violet,summer,
2 to 3 ft.,New
Zealand;
chathamioa, purple, summer,
Zealand;
elliptica (Syn. V. deoussata)), white, summer,
3 to 8 ft., New
Lowisu, white and blue, summer,
4 to 6 ft.. New
Zealand
; Lyallii,white,
1 ft., New
Zealand; salioifolia,white, summer,
3 to 8 ft., New
Zealand;
blue, May, 2 to 3 ft.. New
Zealand;
4 to 6 ft.,
Traversii, white, summer,
summer,
speoiosa,
New
/calaud.
FRUBNNIAL
tiauoides,
gentianoides
tolm, lilao
SPUCIES
T.
:
corymbosa, blue, Sept. and Oct., 8 in., Alps; genblue, .7une, 8 to
12
in., S.E.
Europe;
gentianoides alba, white;
variegata, variegated;
18 in., S. Europe;
incana, blue, summer,
longiblue, Aug., IS in. to 2 ft., Europe; longifoliasubsessilis,blue, 3' to 4 ft.;
orientalis, fleshy pink, summer,
] ft., Asia Minor;
2 to 3 in.,
white, summer,
repens,
Corsica;
saxatihs, blue, July, 8 in., Europe; spioata, blue, July, 12 to 18 in.,
liurope; spioata alba, white; spioata corymbiflora, blue; Teucrium
dubia
(Syn. V.
rupestris), blue, summer,
3 to 6 in., Europe;
virginica, white, July, 4 to 6 ft.,
N.
America.
Verschaffertia."
First introduced
CULTUEE
:
stove.
Old.
Palmaceae.
Stove
palm.
Orn.
foliage.
Water
daily afterwards.
Shade
" moist
freelyat all times.
essential.
March
to Oct.
70" to 85"; Oct.
atmosphere
to
Temp.,
March
65" to 75".
1 in. deep in peat " loam
Propagate by seeds sown
in small pots in temp. 75" to 85", spring.
once
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
V. splendida ; 13 to
:
Verbena.
See Anthyllis.
Kidney."
Vervain.
Vetch,
Vetch,
ft., Seychelles.
Spring:
See Vieia.
(Vicia lathyroides)."
Eose;
Laurustinus;
(Guelder
Wayfaring
Viburnum
Snowball
80
See
"
Tree).
"
Ord.
Caprifoliacese.
Hardy
deciduous
and
Tree;
evergreen
iloweriug shrubs.
CULTlTEE:
Plant,
Oct.
prune.
CDl^TDEE
warm
sheltered
March.
OF
Thin
LAUEUSTINUS
shrubberies,
Position, open
weak
out
growths
shrubberies.
sunny
in winter, but otherwise
Position,
Soil, deep sandy loam.
Plant, Sept.,Oct., or April. Prune,
:
etc.
April.
This
speciesalso
"
Bean.
Broad
CULTUEE
borders, with
SPECIES
Position, sunny
OP ANNUAL
: Soil,ordinary.
trellises. Sow
tree
branches,
walls,
or
shoots trained
up
in
Water
in
8
12
of
or
seeds
in.
freely in dry
April.
deep
\
groups
weather.
PEEENNIAL
SPECIES:
OP
Soil, ordinary. Position.
CULTUEE
Mulch
to March.
Oct.
borders.
annually with decayed
Plant,
sunny
449
enoyolopjEdia
of
oardening.
Cut
Lift, divide, and
replant every four or five years.
deep
iin.
down
flower
stems, Oct. or Nov.
Propagate by seeds sown
in ordinary soil in sunny
or
April; division
positionoutdoors, March
of roots, Oct.
March.
or
moiat
BEANS:
CULTURE
OF
BROAD
Soil, rich, well-manured,
south
Position,
rich soil for earlyones.
loam, for main
crops ; lighter,
manure.
Sow
late ones.
or
garden for main
early crops;
open
"
March
in
sorts
main
crop
early longpod varieties in Jan. "fe Feb.,
in.
3
for
early;
Drills 3 in. deep " 2^it. apart
April. Distances:
Seeds
to be 4 to 6 in. apart in drills.
deep " 3 ft. for main
crops.
before
hours
in water
for a. few
Soak
seeds
sowing. Nip off pointsof
Mulch
late
crops with decayed manure,
plants when first flowers open.
Manures
soils.
Kainit, 2 lb. ; superphosphate,
;
especiallyon light
these
1
lb.
quantities per square rod
5 lb. ;" sulphate of iron,
Apply
Seeds
after sowing.
weeks
for
18
use
before
sowing. Crop ready
their
retain
Seeds
germinating
to
take
12 to 14 days
germinate.
50 ft. long, 1 pint.
row
a
Quantity of seeds to sow
one
year.
powers
borders
for
Soil,
Cultueb:
Market
rich,
strong,
Manures,
loam.
moist
to poor
of farmyard
appliedper
In
latter
phate
superphossoils.
case
rich
soils ; none
apply
on
before
kainit per acre
" 3 cwt.
sowing, and 1 cwt. nitrate of
3 in. high. On
when
heavy soils 6 cwt. basic slag
soda
plants are
of
in
in
autumn
superphosphate. Sow early Long-pod
place
per acre
2 ft. apart in Feb. ;
drills
2 in. deep and
in
in.
10
6
to
varieties
apart
and 3 ft. apart
in
drills
in.
in.
2
8
to
kinds
10
deep,
main
apart
15
20
to
acre
manure
tons
in
autumn
of
3 cwt.
crop
acre,
an
or
bushel.
the
afterwards.
land
Quantity of seed required to sow
between
Hoe
bushels.
by
occasionally. Market
crops
returns
bushels.
150
Average
Average yield per acre,
Roll
March.
in
(gross) per
dE18 to
acre,
T.
8PE0IES:
X23.
laba
purple, Juno, 3 ft., S. Europe;
lilac.
and
3
Tetoh),
June
East;
lathyroides
(Spring
July,
ft.,
white,
(Broad Bean),
onobrychioides,
narbonenais, purple, June, 3 ft., S. Europe;
May, 6 to 8 in., Europe;
purple, June, 2 ft.
orobioidea
lathyroides), blue, June, 2 ft.,
SPECIES
(Syn. Orobus
: V.
PERENNIAL
(Britain).
Europe
Victoria
Lily; Queen Victoria's Water
Lily).
(Royal Water
ANNUAL
atropurpurea,
"
Ord.
Nymphaoeae.
Stove
Orn.
aquatic plant.
1838.
green;
CULTURE:
March
two
Position,
large
tank
duced
intro-
turfy loam,
one
part
6 ft.
decayed
wide
85".
Compost,
foliage.
First
manure.
cow
in
water
heated
to temp,
of 85", "
Jan.
When
lightposition,
seedlingsappear above
placed near
small
"
in
place in water
surface, transplantsingly
pots
again until
out
above
advised.
The
Victoria
then
as
Regia is strictly
plant
May,
treated
best
annual
in
thrives
but
this country.
as
an
a
perennial,
V.
and
CULTIVATED
regia, white, rose
:
SPECIES
Trop.
purple, summer,
pot
of
sandy
loam
submerged
glassin
America.
Victoria
Water
Victor's
Laurel
Vieussexia.^See
See
Villarsiai
"
Lily
"
"
Mortea.
Limnanthemum.
450
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
^^^^
Plant;
^^'ir^^rS^/"^"^^^^'
Ord.
GARDENING.
Cut Finger; Madagascar
herbaceous
perennials "
Apocynaceae. Hardy
winkle)."
Peristove
shrubs.
evergreen
CULTURE
OF
STOVE
SPECIES
: Compost, two
parts fibrous loam,
part decayed manure,
" little silver sand.
Position, well-drained
pots in stove, Sept. to June; sunny
cold
frame
mainder
or
greenhouse reof year.
Pot, Feb. or March.
Prune
shoots of old plants to
one
to
within
1
Oct. ;
moderately
in
baskets
or
2 in. of
their base
afterwards.
in
Jan.
Feb.
or
Water
freely,April
in
cold
cool
or
greenhouses, balconies,
windows.
or
STOVE
rosea
T.
rosea
(Madagascar
Periwinkle),
rose,
May,
ft.,Tropics;
alba, white.
SPECIES
HAEDT
difformis
1 ft., S.W.
: T.
(Syn. Media), blue, snmmer,
Europe ;
2 ft., Europe (Britain); major Tariegata,
major (Large Periwinkle), purple, summer,
1 ft., Europe
variegated; minor
(Lesser Periwinkle), blue, summer,
(Britain);
minor
flore
flore pleno, double, blue; minor
albo, white, double; minor
foliisargeuteis, Tariega.ted with white ; minor foliis-aureis,
variegated with yellow.
Vine.
See Vitis.
Viola
(Violet;Tufted Pansy; Pansy; Heartsease). Ord. Violacese.
"
"
Hardy perennialherbs.
CLASSIFICATION:
Pansies
in General.
"
Any free-growingor
variegated. Show
Pansy.
"
free-
Blooms
"
"
"
very
cornuta.
CULTURE
(a) deep,
Flowers,
OF
rich, moist
loam,
enriched
451
with
PANSIES:
well-decayed
cow
Soil
manure;
Q 2
ENOYCLOPJEDIA
(b)
OF
GARDENING.
"
parts loam, one
part of equal proportionB of leaf-mould
enriched
with
; (c;ordinary light mould,
cow
manure
; (d) clayey
or
Soil best manured
heavy soils,with decayed horse or cow
manure.
" dug previous autumn.
from
Position, open, light, sheltered, away
roots
" branches
of trees, " shaded
from
Plant
sun.
pansies
midday
in Sept., Oct., or April, 12 in. apart each
tufted
pansies, March
way;
leafor
Mulch
with
"
manure
cow
April, 10 in. apart each way.
mould
in May or June.
Stir the surface
Water
frequently.
copiously
in dry weather, applying it in the evening. Remove
all flower
buds
two
Baud
until
plants are
only
one
to
established.
bloom
to
If exhibition
each
on
grow
blooms
shoot.
desired,
are
Manures
(1)
oz.
allow
guano
clear
undiluted.
state
All
the
foregoing may
flowering season.
or
so
during growing
edgings to beds or in patches on
"
days
as
applied
be
ten
every
best grown
Violettas
in May.
previously well-euriched
rockeries.
Plant
CULTURE
OF
VIOLET:
Soil, ordinary,
with well-decayedmanure.
Clay soils require plenty of grit,decayed
vegetable refuse " manure
Light " gravelly
incorporatedwith them.
of cow
" loam
with
soils need a liberal amount
manure
or
clay mixed
north-east
side of hedge,
them.
or
Position, border or bed on north
Pull
to hot
under
the shade
of fruit trees.
sun
or
summer
exposure
undesirable.
Plant
"crowns"
9 in. apart in rows
12 in. asunder,
"
April.
furnished
Apply
8 in.
apart,
deep
within
Remove
form
they
plants
in
Water
frame.
of
as
Lift
weeds.
Water
recommended
summer.
crowns,"
for
first
when
for
pansies
i.e.
runners,
frames
of
decayed manure
light, putting
"
parent plant,
planted
shade
i:
"
in
each
from
sun.
of
intervals
shoots
that
three
weeks
issue from
the
at
during summer,
winter
blooming
12 in.
from
portions separated
are
roots.
manures
during
"
"
Crowns
with
leaf-mould
Protect
in
from
be
used
to
may
6 in. of above
soil
cold sunny
a
In
frost.
case
fill up
on
this.
space
to
Replant
annually.
POT
"
one
CULTURE
part sand.
Pot,
remove
water
moderately.
to 6 in.
apart.
Propagate by
in cold
pans
shady frame
into
floweringpositionsin
seedlings
in Aug. or
in cold shady frames
in
runners
violets by
April.
SPECIES
rockeries, beds,
partially-shaded
April, 3
in boxes
Plunge
in
till Sept.,when
May, " let them remain
Water
greenhouse.
freelyoutdoors; moderately in winter.
Winter
temp., 40" to 50".
OF
OTHER
SPECIES:
CULTURE
moist,
leaf-mould,
6-in. pot.
a
pots to their
part
"
or
CULTIVATED:
V.
6
seeds sown
in July or
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
or
beginning
in
eyes
only
if
to
the
July.
or
ground
of
stem
outside, directlyafter
form
"
grow
first form.
future
planting.
stem;
following
this
Prune
Distance
young
Dec.
rub
2 in.
all
halfway
one
if
back
form
to
Feb.
or
to
it
enters
strong
shoot
when
they
strong;
two-
off
others
apart.
ft.
where
of
Allow
from
raised
plants
tor
planting:
planted in Jan.
of
case
vine
if inside; to witniu
the
Shorten
of
in
or
June
spring,
Pbuking:
within
Sin.
house
Feb.
of
GARDENING.
"
side shoots
young
year : Allow
in a young
off remainder
rub
18
in.
apart;
grow
up
bunch, if
state.
Nip off points of side shoots at first joint beyond
shoots
side
following
fourth
otherwise
at third
or
joints. Prune
any,
" third
to form
main
stem
Dec.
near
close to last bud
or
spurs,
eye
for second
advised
stem
portion. Third
as
same
portion of main
third portion of
at
to form
side shoots
spurs, also on
year ; Allow
at a spur, select strongest
shoot forms
than one
If more
main
stem.
before
of shoots
as
off
remainder.
off
rub
points
"
Nip
(disbud)
shoots
Dec. shorten
advised.
issuingfrom spurs, also from
thirds
shoot
if weak.
Second
one
roof
to
Following
third
of
main
portionof
stem
main
to
to
stem,
length
also
fourth
subsequent
rafters.
of
portion
years:
to
Future
off
of
their base.
eye from
Wateeinq:
Time
Temperatuee
Staeting
and
for starting Vines:
for May;
Jan.
for June;
Nov.
to ripen first in April;Dec.
March
March
artificial heat will ripen in
without
Vines
started
for July.
m
Aug. or Sept. Temp, by night: 35" to 40" until buds break; 40" to
then
until
50"
flowers
from
expand; 50" to 55" during flowering
then
until berries are
60"
70"
from
to
period;
ripe. Temp, by day:
60" on
cold " 70" to 75" on
days until buds break ; 65" on cold
sunny
" 75"
to 80"
on
days until vines flower; 75" on cold " 85"
sunny
till grapes
90"
onwards
to
are
on
days
ripe. Watering Inside
sunny
heated
water
to
Borders
: Apply
temp. 60" at the rate of 4 to 5 gall.
foot when
vines are
shoots
6 in.
are
started; again when
per
square
berries begin to
long; also just before flowers expand; lastly,when
time.
swell
for second
Borders
:
Watering Outside
Apply "water
similar
berries
temp. " quantity justbefore flowering" when
begin
time.
second
to swell
Syringe morning ife afternoon
daily until vines
Moisten
cease.
floors, staging, walls, " borders
several
flower, then
start
until
berries colour, then
times
tilation
Vendiscontinue.
daily from
:
Open the ventilators tentativelyon fine days when the sun
when
tilate
or
rises, " close again early in afternoon
sun
disappears. Venshoots
to last
bud
or
freelynight
Manubes
manure
first
form,
for
"
pob
heap,
"
diluted
again
ViKEs:
with
one-third
when
they
Drainings
water.
commence
from
stable
or
when
berries
colour
Special
Apply
to
various
454
enoyolopjEdia
of
gardening.
"
soda
be
to
1 oz.
crushed
to
yard
square
fine; mixture
to
manure
surface
compost
of
ashes
bone
fruit
f lb.
two
of
border
when
vines
part of
fortnight.
in by
well washed
2 in. of horse
to
commence
or
c^w
Also
grow.
Allow
alternate
shavings or
for
spur
seeds, and
again
berries to enable
hand
head.
or
moderate
later on,
them
to
bones
Thin
crop.
berries
fully develop.
Give
to
when
size of radish
lin. between
space
Avoid
touching berries with
ripe: 40" to 45".
finallyallowing
once
be
of
established
in
10
12 in.
or
repotting required.
little water
65" after buds
Place
till buds
break,
break,
to
"
then
75" when
flower; lower
to 68" afterwards
until
stoning is completed, when
to
raise
70".
Allow
above
to
be increased
5" to 10" by
again
temp,
sun-heat.
until
vines
Thin
flower.
when
berries
size of
Syringe daily
radish
above
seeds.
of
one
stimulants
three
times
Apply
liquid
weekly after berries form " until they are ripe. Top-dress with Stanrate
den's manure
of a tablespoonful to each
at the
pot ; or with
loam
"
vine
two
Thomson's
when
one
berries form.
manure
part
parts
vine to carry 6 to 8 bunches
Allow
each
8 to 101b. altogether.
"
OuTDOOB
Soil, two
parts sandy loam, one
part of
ashes, old mortar, half-inch bones, " rotten
wall.
Position, against a south sunny
Plant, 2 ft. apart,
March.
for indoor;
Prune, Jan, or Feb., preciselyas advised
Cultuhe:
equal proportionsof
manure.
Nov.
or
also in
Disbud
culture.
vines
wood
similar
manner.
Manures
advised
for
door
in-
Nov.,
"
Dec,
Jan.
enriched
Virginian
with
sown
form
manure.
Position, walls
or
fences
tor
in autumn.
in winter; shorten
Plant
to
decayed
new
in heat
Prune
away
455
ENCYCLOPEDIA
in
of
pots
shoots
in
soil
sandy
GARDENING.
OF
in
frame
cold
Sept.
in
layering the
Oct.;
"
autumn.
CULTURE
VINE
sand.
shoots
KANGAROO
OF
loam
"
beds,
Ck)mpost, two
Pot,
Veh.
trained
of
up
Position,
March.
roof
on
or
wire
Temp.,
freely March
Sept.,moderately afterwards.
55".
45"
to
March
to
55"
60"
to
March
to Sept.
Propagate by
; Sept.
with
removed
of
2
portion of stem
shoots,
cuttings, in. long,
young
filled
with
inserted
in
2-in.
sandy peat in temp. 85"
attached, "
trellis.
Water
to
pot
in
April.
Summer
(ostiTalis (American
SPECIES
Tine), climber, V.
OtTLTIVATED:
T.
climber,
antalotica,
greenhouse
Stat"a; antarotica
(Kangaroo Vine), Syn. Cissus
tinted
in
crimson
leaves
ealifornica
Australia;
(Californian Vine), climber,
in
tinted
crimson
leaves
climber,
California
Vine),
autumn,
; Coignetiaj (Japanese
climber,
major,
self-clinging; flexuosa
autumn,
Japan ; Engelmanni, climber, stems
quoise
(TurChina
and
in autumn,
leaves richly tinted
Japan ; heterophylla humulifolia
and
Japan ; heterophylla
climber, blue
berries, China
Berry Tine), dwarf
Veitchii),
(Syn. Ampelopsis
humulifolia
variegated; inconstans
variegata, leaves
Labrusca
and
China;
Veitch's
self-clinging, Japan
Virginian Creeper, climber, stems
N.
Fox
America;
quinquetolia (Syn. Ampelopsis
(American
Grape), climber,
America;
self -clinging, N.
the
hederacea),
Virginian Creeper, climber, stems
vinifera
purpleOrient;
the
cultivated
of
Vines,
purpurea,
Grape
vinifera, parent
leaved.
Vriesia."
See
Wachendorfla.
Tillandsia.
"
Ord.
Haemoradaceae.
Half-hardy tuberous-
16S7.
rooted plants. First introduced
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
Soil, light, rich sandy. Position, sunny
4- in.
deep
well-drained
border.
Plant, Sept. to Jan., placing bulbs
of bed
surface
" 2 in. apart. Lift " replant bulbs
annually. Mulch
in March
with
cow
manure.
POT
CULTURE
part leaf:
Compost, two parts sandy loam, one
well drained.
mould
manure.
Pot, 4J in. in diameter,
or
decayed cow
Place
fibre refuse
pot
cool
time
in
Nov., "
cover
with
greenhouse stage
cocoanut-
until
growth
until
begin
grow
bulbs dry till Jan.
Temp.,
sets
40" to 50" ; other times, 50" to 60".
Propagate by offSept. to March
advised
for bulbs.
treated
as
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
: W.
paniculata, yellow, April, 3 ft. ; thrysiflora,yellow.
May, 2 ft. : natives of S. Africa.
house
GreenOrd.
Wahienbersia
(Bell-flower).
Campanulaceae.
begins.
flowers
moderately
Water
fade,
then
from
gradually cease,
bulbs
to
keeping
"
"
SPECIES:
GREENHOUSE
OF
Compost, equal parts
with a little silver sand.
Position, pots in sunny
house.
greenWater
wards.
Pot, March.
freely,April to Oct. ; moderately after45" to 50".
to Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct.
to March
Temp., March
HARDY
SPECIES
CULTURE
OF
: Soil, ordinary.
Position, sunny
rockeries.
in a temp,
Plant, Oct. to April. Propagate by seeds sown
division
in spring.
of 55" in March
or
April; cuttings in summer;
\V.
saxioola
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
Bellflower), lilac, June,
(New Zealand
1 to 2 ft., Juan
and
Fernandez.
Zealand
6 in.. New
rose,
summer,
; tuberosa, white
HARDY
W.
hederacea
bell,
HareSPECIES:
hederaceal, Creeping
(Syn. Campanula
6 in.,
blue, summer,
trailing, Britain^ Kitabelii, blue and
purple, summer,
6 in., Dalmatia.
Transylvania; tenuifolia,blue, violet and white, summer,
Waitzia
(EverlastingFlowers). Ord. Compositee.
Half-hardy
1835.
annuals.
First introduced
CULTURE
beds or borders.
Sow
;
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
seeds i in. deep in light sandy soil in temp. 55" to 65" in March
or
CULTURE
peat and
loam
"
456
ENOYOLOP^DIA
April, harden
t"lly grown,
OF
GARDENING.
off in
Gather
blooma
when
May, " plant out in June.
for winter
decoration.
dry thoroughly in summer
POT
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts sandy peat, leaf-mould,
loam, " decayed cow
Sow
seeds thinly in shallow
manure.
or
pan
bo.x in temp. 55" to 65" in
Sept. for spring
flowering," in March
for summer
three leaves
have
formed
blooming. Transplant when
1
in.
in
apart
5-in.
Grow
pot.
first; freelylater
at
when
6 in.
"
seedlingsare
high.
SPECIES
No
shade
required.
CULTIVATED:
yellow, summer,
1 to
W.
2 ft. ;
Waldsteinia
Winter
natives
stimulants
of
with
summer,
once
stakes
neat
temp.,
yellow,
aurea,
Water
glass.
near
weak
Apply
high. Support
in.
shelf
on
on.
45"
1
moderately
week
when
to
55".
to
to
ft.; grandiflora,
Australia.
Eosaceae.
Hardy
strawberry). Ord.
introduced
1800.
CULTURE:
rockeries.
Position
Soil, ordinary rich.
on
sunny
flower
in Sept. Propagate by
Plant, Oct. to April. Cut away
stems
seeds sown
1-16 in. deep in shallow
boxes
well-drained
or
pots of light
soil in cold frame, April or July, or in
positions(similardepth
sunny
" soil)outdoors, April or Aug. ; division of plants, Oct. to April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: W.
fragarioides, yellow. June, 6 in., N. America.
Wall
Cress
(Arabis albida)."See Arabis.
Wallflower.
See Cheiranthus.
WalllChia.
Ord. Palmacese.
Stove palm. Orn. foliage. Leaves
perennial
(Barren
herbs.
"
First
"
"
feather-shaped.
CULTURE
little sand.
Feb.
Water
Compost,
copiously,Feb.
daily,summer.
Shade
55"
March
attached, Feb.
Oct.
two
Position, well-drained
to
or
from
65".
March.
to
pots
in
part leaf-mould,
one
moist
part of
Temp., March
Propagate by suckers
to
sun.
Oct.
Pot,
stove.
to
Syringe
75"
removed
85";
to
with, roots
: W.
oaryotoides, 6 to 12 ft.,India.
Wall
Pepper
(Sedum acre)." See Sedum.
Wall
Rue
Fern
(Asplenium Ruta-muraria). See Asplenium.
Walnut
(Juglans regia). See Juglaus.
stove
Orchidacese.
Dwarf
Ord.
Waluewai
epiphytal orchids.
Seldom
grown.
CULTURE
:
Compost, equal parts fibrous peat, chopped sphagnum
Position, well-drained
and a little charcoal.
moss
pots in shady part
March.
Water
to
of stove.
freely March
Sept.,
Repot, Feb. or
65"
to
March
to
Oct.,
75"; Oct. to
Temp.,
moderately afterwards.
to Sept.; restingperiod.
Growing period, March
March, 60" to 65".
of
last-made
base
pagate
at
Flowers
pseudo-bulb. Proappear
Sept to Feb.
of
pseudo-bulbs.
by division
W.
CULTIVATED:
pulohella, yellow and purple, Feb., Brazil.
SPECIES
See Saxifraga.
Jevw
Wandering'
(Saxifragasarmentosa').
Plant
Wand
(Galax aphylla). See Galax.
CULTIVATED
SPECIES
"
"
"
"
"
Warcevtficzella.
Warrea.
"
Ord.
"
See
Zygopetalum.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
terrestrial
orchids.
First
troduced
in-
1843.
CULTURE:
Pot,
manure.
moist
April
to
be
decayed
cow
or
drainage
than
half
with
higher
Sept.; moderately, Sept.
to
pots in warm
April. Position, well-drained
during growing period ; cool and dry part during
of stove
period. Cover
part
resting
compost
March
an
to
467
of
below
layer
inch
moss,
rim.
"
do
Water
not
allow
freely,
to
ENCYCLOPEDIA
March.
Temp., March
March
55" to
period, Oct. to March.
Jan.
or
to
GARDENING.
OF
to
Sept. 65"
to
Growing
65".
85"; Sept.
to
period, March
Propagate by division
60"
Jan.
to
Oct.;
to
70";
resting
pseudo-bulbs,March
of
April.
SPECIES
Brazil.
CULTIVATED:
W.
Washing'tonia..
plants
"
greenhouse
or
Ord.
palms.
Palmeas.
Leaves
of
genus
roundish
purple,
and
summer,
ornamental
fringed
in.,
warm
with
ments.
fila-
CULTURE
tion,
Posi: Compost,
equal parts peat, loam, and silver sand.
Water
pots in partial shade.
Hepot, Feb.
moderately Oct. to
April, freely afterwards.
to
Temp. Sept. to March, 55" to 65"; March
Propagate by
seeds
in above
sown
compost in temp.
85
SPBCIKS
10
CULTIVATED:
W.
fllifera (Syn. Brahea
Pritohardia
or
filamentosa),
ft.,S. America.
Water
Arum
See Calla.
(Calla palustris)."
Water
Caltrops
(Trapa nutans)." See Trapa.
Water
Chestnut
(Trapa nutans)." See Trapa.
Water
Cress
(Nasturtium ofScinale).See Nasturtium.
Water
Daffodil
(Stembergia lutea). See Sternbergia.
Water
Elm
See Zelkowa.
(Zelkowa acuminata.)
to
20
"
"
"
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Lettuce
Locust
(Pistiastratiotes)."See
(Gleditschiamonosperma).
Pistia.
See Gleditschia.
Oat
(Zizania aquatiea.) See Zizania.
Plantain
(Alisma Flantago). See Alisma.
Rice
(Zizania aquatiea). See Zizania.
Soldier
See Stratiotes.
(Stratiotesaloides)."
Violet
(Hottonia palustris).See Hottonia.
Watsonia
Half-hardy bulbous
(Bugle Lily)." Ord. Iridaceae.
1750.
First
introduced
plants.
OUTDOOR
CULTURE:
tion,
PosiSoil, deep rich, liberally manured.
well-drained
beds
borders.
Nov.,
sheltered,
or
Plant,
sunny,
Place
6 in. apart in groups
4 in. deep "
of
Feb., or March.
corms
tect
Proeach corm.
three, six, or twelve; put a little silver sand under
in winter
with
when
layer of manure.
Apply liquid manure
flower buds
Fix
Lift
form.
stakes to spikes wnen
2 or
3 in. high.
in
"
store
cool
in
till
time.
corms
Sept.,
place
planting
POT
CULTURE:
Compost, two parts loam, one
part well-decayed
" river sand.
manure
Position, pots in cold frame, cool greenhouse,
window.
1 in. deep in a
or
Pot, Oct. to March,
placing five corms
in
cold
6-in. pot. Place
frame
till flower
move
pots
spikes show, then reWater
window.
to greenhouse or
moderately at first; freely
afterwards.
when
flower
After
Apply liquid manure
spikes show.
water
till foliagedies, then
flowering, gradually withhold
keep quite
of
dry till repotted. Propagate by seeds sown
Jin. deep in pans
light rich soil in Feb., m
temp. 55" to 65" ; by bulbils planted 3 in.
border
outdoors, March.
deep " 6 in. apart in sunny
W.
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
ooooinea, scarlet, May, 1 ft.; densiflora, rosy red,
O'Brieni
3 ft. ; rosea
June, 1 ft. ; Moriana
(Syn. W. Ardemi), white, sammer,
of S. Africa.
^Syn. Gladiolus
pyramidatus), rose, July, 2 ft. Natives
Wax
Flovtfer
(Hoya carnosa). See Hoya.
Weather
Plant
(Abrus precatorius). See Abrus.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Wedding
Weeping
Flower
Ash
(Fraxinus excelsior
458
pendula).
"
See
Frasinus.
MNOYOLOPMDtA
OF
QAHDJUNINQ.
"
Diervilla.
Palmaceae.
Stove palm.
Orn.
^^'^^'^T^"^-?foliage. First
Leaves, partiallyfeather-shaped;
'"^""^^f^^^ljeg.
bronzy green.
iu-
Compost,
ij
March
one
soaked
in
to
temp. 65"
SPECIES
55"
then
essential.
Water
copiously,
times.
to Oct.
65"
Temp., March
65".
Propagate by seeds previously
inch deep in turfy loam
an
" leaf-
reg^a,
10 to
W.
Weliingtonia
to
sown
75". spring.
to
CULTIVATED
Welsh
Welsh
atmosphere
moderately other
March
tepid water,
in
mould
to
Oct.
little sand.
Position, well-drained
Pot, Feb.
Shade
from
sun.
Syringe
"
manure,
of stove.
Oct.
Moist
Oct.;
to
85
loam
decayed cow
moist
part
pots in
daily. March
to
rich
mould,
30
ft., New
Grenada.
See Sequoia.
See Allium.
"
Onion."
Polypody
See Poly-
podium.
Welsh
Poppy
mushroom-like
filaments.
A
CULTUEE:
well-drained
Full
WelwitSChia.
"
habit
difficult
plant
Eq^ualparts
bed
lu
to
sun
exposure
to grow.
brick
hot. dry
essential.
rubble
and
Temp.
sand.
coarse
Scarcely any
corner.
55"
Position,
in winter;
75"
required.
water
in
summer.
Western
West
West
CULTIVATED
W.
Plane
Indian
Indian
"See
(Platanus occiden talis).
Platanus.
Jasmine
(Ixora coccinea)."See Ixora.
Kale
(Colocasiaantiquorum esculeutum).
"
See
Colocasia.
Weymouth
Whangee
Pine
(Pinus Strobus)." See Pinus.
Cane
(Phyllostachysnigra)." See Phyllostachys.
White
Beam-tree
(Pyrus Aria)."See Pyrus.
Whitlavia.
See Phacelia.
Grass."
Whitlow
See Draba.
Whorl-flower.
See Morina.
Whortleberry
(Vaccinium myrtillus). See Vaccinium.
Widdring:tonia
(African or Milanji Cypress). Ord. Coniferoe.
Tender
coniferous
trees, suitable only for greenhouse cultivation
evergreen
in this country. Habit, elegant " graceful.
CUXTURE
: Compost, two
parts sandy loam " one part leaf-mould,
with
liberal amount
of silver sand.
a
Position, pots in light,sunny
Water
to Oct. ; moderately
freely,March
greenhouse. Pot in March.
to Oct. 55" to 65"; Oct. to March
afterwards.
Temp.. March
45" to
in gentle heat in spring, transferring
55".
Propagate by seeds sown
'
"
"
"
"
CULTIVATED:
Wigrandia.
First
"
introduced
wrinkled,
more
W.
Ord.
1836.
or
less
as
soon
Whytei,
large enough
as
leaves
glaucous
Hydrophyllacese.
Height, 3 to 10
downy.
469
Stove
ft.
and
orn.
to handle.
graceful. Central
foliage plants.
GAEDMNING.
OF
"BNCYCLOPMBIA
doors.
outbeds
sheltered
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
Plant,
of year.
to Oct.;
warm
greenhouse remainder
CULTURE:
May
or
Lift, Sept.
June.
or
Willow
See
Willow
Herb.
"
Winter
to
10
ft.,
Andromeda.
Saliz.
See
"
Windflower.
Wine-berry
See
annual
Rhus.
"
Rosemary.
light
soil under
macrophylla),
(Syn. W.
W.
CULTIVATED:
caroassana
SPEOIBS
Mexico;
Vigieri, 4 to 6 ft., lilac, autumn.
(Rhus Cotinus). See
Wig' Tree
Wild
in
Oct.
See
"
Epilobium.
Anemone.
"
Winter
"
Winter
"
Winter
"
Winter
Winter
"
Apono-
geton.
Winter
Winter
"
"
Winter
"
Winter
"
Vine;
(Grape-flower
Wistaria
minosffi.
Hardy
deciduous
climbing
Ord.
First
Kidney-bean Tree)."
Legu-
flowering shrubs.
duced
intro-
1724.
CULTURE:
Position, well-drained
Soil, -deep rich sandy loam.
dards
borders
pergolas; or as stanagainst S. or S.W. walls; or on sunny
March
districts.
in
lawns
in sheltered
Plant,
or
on
tending
or
April. Prune, Jan. or Feb., shortening shoots not required for exto within
1 in. of
branches
base.
Propagate
by layering
shoots during summer.
young
Sirubbery
W.
sinensis
Tree), mauve,
(Chinese Kidney-bean
sinensis
flora
sinensis
alba, ivhite ;
pleno, doable ;
(American
Tree),
purple; frutescens
Kidney-bean
maorobotryS;white, blue, and
April, 10 ft., U. States; frutesoeuB
alba, white; mnltijuj^a, lilao-purple,
maUTe.
SPECIES
China
Uay,
summer,
CULTIVATED:
sinensis
China.
Witch's
Thimble
Witloof,"
Witsenia."
See
(Silenemaritima)." See
SUene.
Cichorium.
See
Aiistea.
Wolf's-bane
"
"
"
"
"
Fronds, feather-shaped.
evergreen.
CULTURE
OP
GREENHOUSE
SPECIES:
Compost, equal parts
with
"
little
silver
"
charcoal.
loam,
Position, well-drained
sand,
peat
beds
in
Pot
or
shady greenhouse.
pots or
plant, Feb. or March.
March
to
Water
afterwards.
Oct.; moderately
freely,
Syringing not
460
MNCrCLOPMDlA
Xanthosoma..
foliage.
variegated.
CULTUBE
Ord. Aroideae
"
First
OF
introduced
GARD'ENINQ.
Stove
Orn.
perennial herbs.
shaped, green or
Leaves, arrow-head
1710.
cayed
de-
"
silver sand.
in
Position, well-drained
shade.
pots
pots just large enough to take tubers in Feb.
to larger pots in April or May.
Water
or
March; transfer
moderately,
Feb.
to April " Sept.to Nov. ; freely,April to Sept. ; keep quite drv,
Nov.
to Feb.
Temp., Feb. to Sept. 70" to 80"; Sept. to Nov. 65" to
75"; Nov. to Feb. 55" to 65"Propagate by dividing the tubers in
manure,
Pot
moderately firm
Feb.
or
in
March.
SPECIES
OULTITATBD:
X. Barilletii,Trop. America;
Lindenii
(Syn. Phyllota:violaceum, W. Indies.
(Immortelle; Annual
Everlasting). Ord.
First introduced
1570.
Compositse. Hardy annuals.
Flowers, single
" double;
for winter
suitable
decoration.
CULTURE
beds or borders.
Sow
:
Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny
seeds in light soil in March,
in temp. 55" to 65", planting out in
for
flowers
winter
June, or in open
ground end of April. Gather
decoration
directly they are fully expanded.
nium
Liudenii),Colombia;
Xeranthemum
SPECIES
"
CULTIVATED:
Xerophyllum
X.
purple, etc.,
annuum,
2 ft., S.
summer,
Liliaceee.
Europe.
Hardy
nial
perenFirst introduced
1765.
CULTURE:
Soil, moisf sandy peat. Position, boggy gardens or
margins of ponds or lakes. Plant, March
or
April. Propagate by
seeds
in moist
sown
peaty soil in April where
required to grow, or
or
by division of roots in March
April.
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
: X.
asphodeloidos,white, May, 1 ft.,N. Amerioft.
Ord.
Orchidaceae,
Stove
First
Xylobium."
epiphytal orchids.
1826.
introduced
aquatic herb.
CULTURE
with
moss,
baskets
or
"
chopped sphagnum
little sand
" charcoal.
Position, well-drained
pots, pans,
in light part of greenhouse.
Pot
when
new
mences.
growth comWater
deciduous
speciesfreely from time new
growth begins
until Nov., then occasionally;evergreen
to
speciesfreelyfrom March
whilst
twice
Nov.; moderately,Nov. to March.
or
Syringe once
daily
making growth. Ventilate
freely.May to Sept. Temp., April to
55" to 65"; Oct. to April 45" to 50".
Oct.
Growing period, Feb.
to
Oct.
Feb.
to March;
Plants
be grown
in sitting-room
restingperiod,
may
cool conservatory when
in flower.
or
division
Propagate by
of
pseudo-bulbsimmediately
SPECIES
CULTIVATED:
X.
after
flowering.
discolor, yellow
brown, spring, W.
and
white,
Indies
Indies;
spring, W.
squalens, yellow, white,
Dioscorea.
"
Yellow
YellOVtf
Asphodel
Ox-Eye.
Yellow
Star
YellOVtf
Water-Lily
Yellow
Wood
Anemone.
Yerba
Yewf."
Yucca
of
Mansa
See Taxus.
(Asphodelinelutea).
"
"
See
See
Asphodeline.
Bupthalmum.
Bethlehem
(Anemonopsis macrophylla).
(Adam's Needle;
"
Mound
ma,
See
Anemonopsis.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Liliaceae.
Greenhouse
OF
hardy
"
GARDENING.
perennials.
eversfreen
duced
intro-
First
1626.
CULTURE
drained.
OP
singly
or
with
HARDY
lawns.
mounds,
April.
Protect
SPECIES
Position, sunny
banks,
Plant, Oct.
or
in
weather
severe
mats.
CULTURE
GREENHOUSE
OF
sandy loam,
leaf-mould
part
one
Sept. to June;
iu
soil, June
Pot, March.
sunny
Sept.;
to
Water
or
SPECIES:
little sand.
"
Compost,
parts
two
positionoutdoors,
be
may
freely, April
grown
to
Sept.;
little afterwards.
very
when
root-bound.
Temp., Sept. to March,
necessary
to 65".
to Sept. 55"
40" to 50"; March
Propagate by division in
serted
or
March, offsets or suckers in March
April; cuttings of roots inin temp. 55" in spring.
in sand
States
and
SPECIES:
T.
15 ft., S. V.
GREENHOUSE
aloifolia,white, summer,
W. Indies; and its varieties Draconis
(leaves purplish),
(leaves drooping), purpurea
varieleaves
(leaves slender), tricolor
quadrioolor (leaves reddish), tenuifolia
g;atedvrith white, green, and yellow), variegata (leaves striped with white).
SPECIES
HAEDT
: T.
angustifolia,white, July, S. U. States ; fllamentosa, white,
variegata, variegated; glauca, white, July, S. TJ.
June, S. TJ. States; filamentosa
States; gloriosa (Adam's Needle), white, July, 6 to 9 ft., S. U. States; recurvifolia,
S. U. States.
leaves recurving, white, summer,
Yuia.n
(Magnolia conspicua). See Magnolia.
ZaluzJanskia.
Ord.
Scrophulariaceae. Half-hardy annuals.
Repotting only
"
"
First
introduced
slightly covered
"
Position,
sandy loam.
Propagate by seeds sown
rockeries.
or
1824.
Soil, rich
CULTURE:
with
silver sand
"
borders
sunny
of fine light mould
warm
surface
on
placed
in
55"
temp.
to
65"
in
June.
SPECIES
and summer,
pink and
CULTIVATED:
fragrant,
yellow. May,
Zamia
1
6
in., S. Africa.
orn.
Ord.
Cycadaceae. Stove
1691.
introduced
Leaves,
or
house
greenfeather-
shaped.
" peat, little silver sand.
loam
Pot, Feb. or
iu
shady part of stove.
pots
Position, well-drained
Oct.
to
March
daily,
April to
Syringe
Water
March.
copiously,
March
from
Shade
sun.
essential.
Temp.,
Sept. Moist atmosphere
seeds
70".
60"
to
March
by
to
Propagate
75" to 85"; Oct.
to Oct.
"
removed
offsets
75"
to
85",
by
soil in temp.
spring;
in
CULTURE:
sown
placed
light
in
small
division, Feb.
or
pots under
bell-glassin propagator
,
SPECIES
Lindenii,
CULTIVATED:
8 ft., Ecuador;
Zanzibar
Zauschneria
spring;
in
by
March.
Balsam
Z.
purpuraoca
Wallsii, Colombia.
(Jamaica
"
Sago Tree),
",
"
,i
ft., wW.
jIndies;
OF
ENCYCLOPEDIA
June;
cuttings
by
of
side
young
GARDENING.
shoots
in
inserted
pots
of
positionoutdoors
in
or
sandy soil under bell-glass
hand-light
shady
in Sept., protecting cuttings in heated
greenhouse until following
April, then plantingout; by division of old plants in April.
fornioa
"
2in.
high singly into 'iin, pots,
seedlingswhen
frame
in May " plant
to harden
Place
in
cold
4J-in.pots.
in
in
be
in June.
also
outdoors
May
pots
compost of equal
grown
sand.
Water
soil
"
"
leaf
little
-mould,
freely.
parts good loamy
March;
or
then
transfer
into
SPECIES
CULTIYATBD:
variegated.
Zebra
Zebrina.
Z.
Mays,
to
Mays
ft., Paraguay;
variegata,
Plant.
See Calathea.
Greenhouse
herbaceous
^Ord. Commelinaceae.
trailing
introduced
1849.
oval
First
Orn
Leaves,
foliage.
oblong ;
perennial.
Stems
dark
above, purplish beneath.
creeping.
green, stripedwhite
tion,
PosiCULTURE
: Compost,
equal parts loam, leaf-mould, " sand.
in pots or baskets
suspended from roof, or in beds under
stage
Pot
rockeries.
or
or
on
plant, Jan. to April. AVater freely, March
Shade
from
to Oct. ; moderately afterwards.
strong sunshine.
Temp.,
40" to 50" Oct. to April; 55" to 65" April to Oct.
May be grown
frost
from
in winter.
a
in windows
as
pot or basket plant. Protect
inserted
in
shoots
soil under
of
light
cuttings
by
Propagate
young
"
"
bell-glassin
above
March
temp.,
to
Oct
SPECIES
CULTIVATED
Z.
"
deriduous
of
trees
CULTURE
no
specialmerit.
Position,
loam.
Soil, deep
Closely allied
mixed
Feb.
to
the
clius.
shrubberies
by seeds
or
side
of
doors
outPlant,
sown
Propagate
water-courses.
or
in autumn
spring; grafting in March.
acuminata
Z.
(Syn. Ulmus
KeaJii), 30 to 40 ft.;
CULTIVATED:
SPECIES
Siberian
Elm, Siberia, 10 ft.; Viscljiiff^'U.ii (Svn.
polvgana),
crenata
(Syn. Ulmns
Oct.
to
Verschaffeltii),30 ft.
Zenobia.
Ord.
Ericaceae.
Hardy
flowering shrub.
evergreen
First introduced
1800.
CULTURE:
sheltered
Soil, peat or
Position, moist
sandy loam.
borders.
Plant, Sept., Oct., March, or April. Propagate by layering
Ulmus
"
in
Sept.
SPECIES
or
Oct.
CULTIVATED."
speciosa pulverulentea,
Zephyranthes
Swamp Lily; Flower
deciduous
bulbous
speciosa, white,
Z.
leaves
summer,
to
ft., N.
America;
whitish.
(Zephyr
of the
West
Atamasoo
Lily; Peruvian
Ord. Amaryllidacc;?. Hardy
First introduced
1629.
Flower;
Wind).
floweringplants.
CULTURE
"
HALF-HARDY
SPECIES:
OF
Soil, light sandy loam.
beds, borders, or rockeries.
Position, well-drained
Plant, .4ug.
sunny
Protect
in winter
to Nov., placing bulbs 3 to 4 in. deep " 4 in. apart.
bulbs
Lift " replant only when
show
by a layer of cinder ashes.
signs of deterioration.
SPECIES:
HARDY
CULTURE
OF
Compost, two parts loam, one
Position, well-drained pots in
part peat, leaf-mould, " silver sand.
464
cold
frame
aeep
in
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
greenhouse.
6-m. pot.
Pot, Aug.
or
or
Water
very
when
flowers
GARDENING.
to
ireely. Withhold
water
potting time.
Propagate by offsets planted
large bulbs, Aug. to Nov.
HALE-HARDT
treated
2 in.
then
begins,
quite dry
till
advised
for
as
SPECIiDS
Atama^oo
(Atamasoo
6 m.,
Mexico.
:M.EDT
"
bulb
SPECIES
2epnyr
Z. Candida
(Peruvian Swamp
Flower
85"; Oct.
to March
division of
55" to 65".
die down
Stems
in autumn.
pagate
Proin Feb.
the rhizomes
SPECIES
OULTITATED
: Z.
red, July, 2 ft., E. Indies.
officinale,
Zinnia,
Ord.
(Youth-and-old-age)."
Compositas. Half hardy annuals.
First
introduced
1770.
by
CULTURE:
manure.
in light soil in
third leaf forms
liberally enriched
with
decayed
deep
April. Transplant seedlings when
borders.
Sow
seeds
1-16 in.
55" early in
apart in shallow
glass in temp. 55"
temp.
2 in.
boxes
filled with light mould.
until seedlingsare
established,
house, and if possibleplant out 4 in. apart
frame
Shade
from
early in May.
sun,
keep
moist, " gradually expose to air, end of month.
Plant
out 8 to 12 in.
Sow
also outdoors
middle
of May.
pare
Preapart second week in June.
bed of rich soil in sunny
four
three or
seeds at
position,sow
intervals
of 12 in., " thin seedlingsto one
at each
third
place when
Mulch
all zinnias with
leaf
forms.
after
decayed manure
planting.
when
the plants
Water
liberallyin dry weather.
Apply stimulants
On
to flower.
to depth of 12 in.,
commence
dry soils take out mould
then
in.
of
former.
in,
manure
3
decayed
replace
put
Z. elegans, Tarious
CULTIVATED:
2 ft., Mexico;
SPECIES
colours, summer,
1 ft., Trop. America;
multiflora,scarlet,summer,
haageana, orange-yellow, eummer,
Place box near
the
then
to a cooler
remove
in good rich soil in cold
2 ft. ;
tenuiflora, scarlet,
summer,
ft., Mexico.
Zirania.
Oats; Canadian
Rice; Indian
(Water Rice; Water
Rice).
Graminese.
Ord.
Hardy aquatic perennial grasses.
CULTURE.
Soil, ordinary. Position, margins of shallow ponds or
in heat
lakes.
in
Plant, April or May.
Propagate by seeds sown
then
under
until
on
glass
May,
hardening
spring,growing seedlings
"
"
Z.
CULTIVATED;
aquatica,
green
and
Zonal-Geranium
brown,
summer,
ft., N.
"
soil in
cold
frame
CULTIVATED
SPEOIES
and
purple; June, 18
Ord.
in
Liliaceae.
spring.
:
in., N.
anenBtifolim
(Syn. H-lonias
an?DS'if"lia\ white
and
America;
white, July, 2 ft., N.
elegans, green
.Tune, 18 in., N. America;
glaberrima, white, July,
Z.
Fremontii,
America;
cream,
1 ft., N. America;
Muscitoxicum,
June, 18 in., N. America.
green,
July,
465
ft.,N.
America;
Kuttallii, white.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
Zygro-Batemannia..
orchids,
mannia
the
result
CoUeyi.
"
Ord.
GARDENING.
Orchidaceae.
race
new
with
of
The
of
Bate-
Habit
size.
medium
between
intermediate
Flowers
of
the two
genera.
similar culture
to Zygopetalums.
white
and
HKBRID
CULTIVATED:
Z. Maatersii, greeD,
chocolate, creamy
purple.
A
of bigeneric hybrid
Ord.
Orchidaceee.
race
ZygO-Colax.
orchids
obtained
of
those
of
Zygopetalum with
by crossingspecies
the two
Colax.
between
Flowers,
Habit, intermediate
large.
genera.
Eequire similar culture to Zygopetalums.
Z.
amesiana
HlfBEIDS
Colai
CULTIVATED:
x
jiigosus),
(Z. brachypetalum
C. jugosus), white,
x
purple, Tiolet, and white; leopardinus (Z. Gauterii
green,
0. jugoeUH), yellow, purple, violet, and
x
purple and blue; Veitohii (Z. crinitum
C.
white;
purple, white, and
x
wiganiana
(Z. intermedium
jugosus), green,
Eequire
"
Tiolet.
Orchidaceae.
Stove
Ord.
1825.
introduced
CtJLTUEE
:
C!ompost, equal parts rough fibrous
" charcoal.
moss
Position, well-drained
pots or
Zygopetalum.
"
epiphytal
orchids.
First
(roots being
from
roof.
covered
with
in
from
sun
June
58" to
round.
to
summer.
65";
Dec.
moss),
March.
Water
in
"
blocks
baskets
sphagnum
of
wood
suspended
freely,April to Sept. ;
Dec.
Give
to April. Shade
little,Dec.
very
Moist
essential.
to
atmosphere
Temp., March
to March
53" to 60".
All
the
Growing period:
moderately, Sept.
sphagnum
peat
on
or
Resting period:
None.
or
Flowers
at base of new
appear
time.
growth.
CULTIVATED:
Z. Burkei, green,
SPECIES
chocolate-brown, white, and
purple,
winter, 12 to 18 in., Demerara;
Burtii, white, yellow, brown, crimson, and purple,
1 ft,, Costa
and
liica; oerinum, straw
summer,
1 ft.,
yellow, Tarioua
seaeons,
violet, summer,
white, and
Chiriqui ; coeleste, blue, mauve,
Colombia:
crinitum,
white, and
purple, spring, 18 in. to 2 ft., Brazil; dayannm,
green,
white, greeni
and
1 ft., Colombia;
Gautieri, green,
purple, autumn,
brown, yellow, and
purple,
12 to 15 in., Brazil;
various
seasons,
gramineum, yellow, green, rod, and brown,
various seasons,
9 in., Brazil ; intermedium, green,
brown, white, and violet-purple,
Brazil; Klabocorum,
autumn,
white, purple, yellow, and
crimson, various
seasons,
1 ft., Ecuador
and
Lalindei, rose
1 ft., Colombia
;
yellow, various
seasons,
;
various
Lehmannii,
15 in., Ecuador;
white, purple, and mauve,
seasons,
Mackaii,
yellow, brown, and violet, winter, 18 in. to 2 ft., Brazil ; maxillare, greeni
green,
brown, violet, and blue, winter, 1 ft.,Brazil ; meleagris, white, yellow, and brown,
10
in., Brazil; Rollieonii, yellow and
summer,
3 in., Brazil;
purple, autumn,
and
white
rostratum,
and
purple. May
rosy
June, 8 in., British
Guiana
;
stapelioides,green,
yellow, brown, and
3 in., Brazil; Wendlandii
purple, summer,
Warscewiozella
(Syn.
and
Weidlandii), white
purple, Sept., 9 in., Costa
Rica;
xanthinum
3 in., Brazil.
yellow, red, and crimson, summer,
year
466
ADVERTISEMENTS.
POPULAR
THE
WORK
ON
CULTURE
GARDENING.
OF-
SEEDS
AND
(THIRTEENTH
The
Cultural
A
Year's
securing
Rotation
The
Chemistry
Monthly
beautiful
LAWNS
PESTS
THE
FUNGUS
The
DAILY
to
"
"The
Baste,
OF
successive
for
year.
Garden.
and
display
FROM
Roots,
of
the
most
work
is
one
of
SEEDS.
(Illustrated).
PLANTS
of CERTAIN
{Illustrated).
FLOWERS
the
best
{Illustrated).
English garden
on
practical
"
I am
says:
information
for which
notes
with
"
gardener to the
acknowledge the arrival of
Tucker,
ment."
manage-
scientific handbook
and
to
Hon.
five books
to
on
the
Earl
'
on
The
it the
I consider
for the young
men.
all matters
pertaining to a gentleman's
from
FIVE
SUTTON
and
SONS,
of
Radnor,
Culture
of
useful
most
works
says
"
"
Vegetables
and
beg
and
instructive
garden."
READING,
and
through
from
KENT
HAMILTON,
32, PATERNOSTER
I find
other
many
SHILLINGS,
all Booksellers
MARSHALL,
Book.
your
consult
of time."
waste
great
Rt.
delighted with
I had
'
PRICE
SIMPKIN,
Seeds
GARDEN
Sclerder,
the
Flowers
Direct
from
PLANTS
S3.ys:""
page
take copious
book
the
cultivation."
one
and
S. W.
reminders
at^d
crops,
Crops.
ensuring
GARDEN
rELEGRAPH
E.
Garden,
Vegetable
GROUNDS
PESTS
says:
in
Mr.
for
PESTS
FUNGUS
Rev.
Garden
TENNIS
OF
garden
The
Notes
AND
TIMES
the
in
Flowers
on
several
Vegetables throughout
Crops
of
the
varieties.
THE
The
of
Vegetable
on
of
supply
Articles
And
the
Notes
continuous
The
Cultural
The
in
Monthly
contains
Veg-etables :
on
Work
Consistingof
EDITION.)
Volume
Aptieles
ROOTS.
ROW,
and
LONDON.
CO., Limited,
ADVERTISEMENTS.
for
SES
R"
e^H'eryoia.e.
THE
LATEST
THE
OLD
NOVELTIES.
FAVOURITES.
ALL
FOR
LIST
DESCRIPTIVE
"
H. MERRYWEATHER
xj
lar
r^
Established
CHARLES
HIGH
uotts.
F.R.H.S.,
HORTICULTURAL
SQUARE,
1881.
TOOPE,
STEPNEY
SONS, Ltd.
NURSERIES,
THE
s
APPLICATION.
ON
FREE
STREET,
ENGINEERS,
STEPNEY.
SON,
"
E.
LONDON,
London."
Telegrama: "Toopes,
Telephone 3497e.
Motor
for Greenhouses,
Frames,
Vineries, Carden
Heatlngr Apparatus
Hothouses,
"o., "o,, for Gas, Oil, Coke, or Coal.
Houses,
Kennels, Poultry Houses,
Hot
Water
and
Air
Hot
Propagators.
Largest
Makere
of
jyjjjjli
Gas
Oil and
Heaters
in
the
United
Kingdom.
sold
Tlionsands
each
season.
Send
for
E,
No.
free,
rough
giving
and
plan,
whether
oil
our
Catalogue
New
or
coke
gas,
is to
be Tised.
Prices
to suit
all.
Don't
_.
Highest
let Tonr
advice.
plants damp
It is at your
Oil and
Gas
off and
service
die I
Ask
awards .,
wherever
our
gratia.
world.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
of
Manufacturers
Warrant
By Royal
Horticultural
Machinery
The
H.M.
to
King.
RANSOMES'
MOWERS,
LAWN
HAND
In
sizes
and
suit
to
Designs.
New
users
Large
BEST
variety
every
Machines.
New
Patterns.
New
and
MACHINES,
PONY
AND
The
all
work.
of
HORSE
WORLD.
MACHINES,
POWER
kinds
all
THE
IN
BEST
THE
Patent
Spring
Handles.
Over
200
MOWERS,
LAWN
MOTOR
supplied, including
two
to H.M.
Catalogues
Illustrated
King Edward
VII.
Free.
by
all
Ironmongers.
advp:rtisements.
Flower
Foi^
DARR'S
"-'
snpply
beautiful
Annuals
It
gay.
SEEDslGUIDE
of Vegetables
is full
and
of
Select
and
for
the
o"
of
culture
Seeds
best
the
for
Garden
Flower
keeping: the
on
List
seonriug
most
tbe
Gret-nhouse
always
Flowers, valuable to
and
Vegetables
of
and
Exhibitors.
Collections
5/6,
Barr's
Year
Perennials
and
Ronud,"
(free) coDtains
"The
practical Hints
Gardeners, Amateurs
Barr's
^Kitchen Garden
7/6,
12/6,
Collections
vnrtic^ilars
Seeds,
Flower
105/-.
to
Choice
of
Seeds,
Vegretable
of
42/-, 63/-.
ny"j)licaiion.
on
QoLD
The
most
I UUILXl
L/ni
/v\EDAL
lovely
Spk'nc
all
of
Plowef^s
at the
awarded
Medal
Barr's
the only Gold
Daffodils
Royal Iforticultural
were
Daffodil
Prize,
Conference,
1884; Premier
1894; Gold
Society's First Great
"10
First
Gold
Prize, and
los.
Medal,
Medals,
Medal,
1896; Gold
1899; Two
Gold
Gold
Gold
Medal, 1903;
Two
Medals,
Medal,
Challen;;e Cup,
1902;
1901;
Two
Gold
Gold
Two
Gold
Medal,
Medals,
1906;
Medals,
1907;
1904;
1905;
and
Five
Gold
Medals,
1908.
Barr's
21/- Amateur's
Daffodils, snitable
Barr's
Collection
of
Greenhouse
snitable
for
Fop
Garden'*
21/- ** Flower
Bulbs, all decorative.
Barr's
For
Collection
"Woodland"
Wild
Orchards,
fullpa/rticalarsof
BARR "
the
Gardens,
above
and
each
contains
500
of 26
Bnlbs
high-cla^s
in
20
fine
Bulbs,
of
Outdoops,
300
contains
Collection
6 Balbs
Border.
contains
Collection
21/- "Greenhouse"
quality.
21/-
in
and
Indoops
Barr's
Woodlands,
Daffodils
of
naturalising
Flower
Collections
Barr's
Barr's
Select
or
Collection
"Woodland"
21/-
showy Tarietles,
contains
Daffodils
for the
contains
800
Spring-flowering Bulbs, of
600
Spring
Bulbs
and
finest
Summer-flowering
suitable
to
naturalise
in
etc.
other
Collections,
see
JBirr's
Bulb
Citalogie.
''"' LONDON.
SONS/i^lISSi"
Nurseries:
SURBITON,
SURREY.
Visitors invited.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
00
not
fail to
BEST
The
for
send
SWEET
from
Direct
Genuine
Only
DESCRIPTIVE
PEAS
THE
NOVELTIES.
the
asking-.
F.R.H.S.,
^Sb^
Free
ECKFORD,
for
SHROPSHIRE.
WEM,
Established
in
i8jj.
TWOPENCE.
WEEKLY.
Illustrated
High-class
of
Horticulture
phase
Air.
Orchids
Roses
Flowers"
"
Hardy
of
Illustrations
New
and
"
months,
10/6.
Offices
:"
ONE
148
Journal
under
Qlass
and
every
the
Open
Fruit
"
"
"c.
Flowers,
Gardens, ";c.
SUBSCRIPTION.
months,
S/6.
"
ALDERSGATE
149,
in
and
Gardening
Greenhouse,
Beautiful
OF
with
dealing
Landscape
Stove
TERMS
12
all the
of
CATALOGUE
LATEST
is
Catalogue
Illustrated
HENRY
Headquarters.
ECKFORD'S
with
PEAS
SWEET
GIANT
ECKFORD'S
months,
3/-.
Abroad, 16/-
STREET,
per
annum.
LONDON.
PENNY.
WEEKLY.
ill^MiPEl
DAIRY
Butter
.
and
How
manage
How
to
months,
Offices:"
Egg
Breed, Rear
and
latest
for Milk
and
6/6.
148
"
OP
months,
principles
; the
Production, ic.
Table
Purposes.
their Ailments.
Manage.
12
for
the
Horses,Pigs,Sheep,"c., and
RABBITS,
\
COATS, etc.
SMALL
HOLDINCS
to
on
Cows
profitable
most
POULTRY
CATTLE
Cheese
Manage
to
SUBSCRIPTION:
S/3.
149, ALDERSGATE
Abpoad,
STRKET,
9/- pep
annum.
LONDON.
best
ADVERTISEMENTS.
"KENT,
the
GARDEN
of
ENGLAND."
800
KINDS.
PEACHES.
AND
VINES
FINE
6 Stamps.
Catalogue,
Descriptive Illustrated
and
Fruit Lists Gratis,
Strawberry
The
LIBERAL
EXTRA
TERMS,
GEORGE
and
CARRIAGE
FREE
CASH
DISCOUNTS.
"
BUNYARD
CO.,
LIMITBD,
THE
ROYAL
NURSERIES,
MAIDSTONE.
Also
60
Our
for
Removal.
GARDEN
ENGINE
Free.
PAST
FOR
EXHIBITORS
in Splendid
Conifers
and
Lists
YEARS.
20
WILLCOX
GARDEN
PUMPS
Very Powerful
Semi-
SPRAYING
for
Rotary.
(11,(1
WATERINC.
LIFT
FORCEi
They
FRAME
and
ALSO
WIRE-
PATENT
BOUND
XIOSE:.
GARDEN
Contains
Bobber.
NO
PILLARS,
BARROWS,
GARDEN
W.
H.
WILLCOX
36, SOUTHWARK
THEM
MOUNT
WE
"
ON
STANDS,
IRON
"c.
TANKS,
"c.,
Co,,
Limited,
STREET,
LONDON.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
8vo, bound
Crown
diagrams.
Garden."
Flower
Thc
WORKS.
GARDENING
PRACTICAL
Up-to-date Work
of the
Management
Practical
the
on
Flower
Design, Planting and
and
Plants
Garden, with
Description and Cultivation of Flowers
adapted for Outdoor Culture. By T. W. SaniiErs, P.L.S.,F.R.H.S.
Formation,
Plates,
in cloth,464 pages, 140 Illustrations,8 Photo
8vo, bound
net
Pests.
Price
Plates of Insect
:
by Post,
5/and 5 Coloured
box,
in
5/6.
packed
Crown
Cultivation."
their
Vegetables and
and
Cultivation
Treatise
on
and
Use
Herbs
for
Home
and
Saladings,
the
Practical
of
tlie
their
Up-toOate
Forcing
of
Exhibition
Manures
Vegetable Garden;
Diseases, and
and
An
and
their
By
Vegetables,
the
tion
Forma-
Uses
T. W.
Pests
iSANDERS,
F.L.S., F.R.H.S.
Crown
8vo,
bound
printed on
Price
5/-
in
art
net
Cultivation
in
Coloured
Complete Guide
to
and
the
the
of Greenhouses,
W.
S.\ndbrs, F.L.S.,
Management
Plants.
By
and
of Greenhouse
Frontispiece.
box, 5/6.
Greenhouse"
Construction, Heating
Illustrations, 16 Plates
Coloured
by Post, packed
Amateur's
The
paper,
:
154
pagep,
Plates and
cloth,,416
T.
F.R.H.S.
8vo, bound
Crown
of
in
Photographs,
Easily Grown
Price
Hardy
Perennials."
Directions
for
Culture
and
Gkorgk
H.
Crown
of
Propagation
Vos,
8vo, bound
B.A.
supervised by T. W.
Etlitorially
in cloth.
3/6
box, 3/10.
net
Price
'
Encyclopaedia of Gardening.
giving
of
in
alphabeticalsequence
the
"
Cultivation
and
and
By
Sanders.
by Post, packed
Concise
the
in
Dictionary
tion
Propaga-
Shrubs,
Technical
Names,. Order,
Descriptions, Popular and
Date
of
Native
Introduction, Species in Cultivation,
Country,
Time
of Planting, Position, Suitable
Soil, Treatment, Proper
By T. W. Sander.s, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.
Temperature, "c.
with
PUBLISHED
W.
H. "
L.
COLLINCRIDGE,
148
"
BY
149, Aldersgate
Street, London.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
PRACTICAL
Crown
GARDENING
8vo, bound
Roses
in
cloth,180 pages,
50 Illustrations. Price
Plates,and
and
WORKS.
Coloured
2/6
Frontispiece,16 Photo
by Post, in box, 2|10.
net
their Cultivation."
Practical
Guide
to
the
8vo, cloth,120
Price
2/6
Carnations,
Practical
Carnations
the
to
Management
Crown
List
month
2/6
By
etc.
of
Calendar
F.R.H.S.
Wegoelin^,
Frontispiece.
and
box, 2/10.
in
for Garden
Thoroughly
Propagation of
Growing
W.
by Post, packed
-.
Chrysanthemums
worth
H.
platea.
and
42 Illustrations
pages,
net
Culture
Varieties
by month,
and
box, 2/10.
in
Pinks."
and
Successful
of
8vo, cloth,212
Price
Post, packed
Picotees
Guide
Illustrations
numerous
pages,
net:
by
Greenhouse.
and
Practical
tive,
Decorathe Culture
of Early-flowering,
Treatise on
Mid-season
and Late Chrysanthemums,
with
a complete List of
Garden
Varieties,Description,Colour, Habit, Time of Flowering,
"
By D. B. Crane, F.R.H.S.
etc.
Crown
8vo,
2/6
Price
Bulbs
212
and
Cultivation,
Species and
W.
T.
Propagation of Hardy,
and
Tuberous-rooted
and
by
Growing
worth
Varieties
in cloth.
2/10.
Practical
Hothouse
Plants, including
Lists
in
Guide
and
of
the
F.L.S.
Sanders,
fullyIllustrated,bound
pages,
net : by Post, packed in box,
their
Cultivation
Edited
all
to the
Greenhouse
Genera,
the
British
Isles.
By
'
T. W.
Sanders, F.L.S.
Crown
8vo, bound
Price
The
Book
2/6
net
of
the
in
Potato."
and
Consumption,
Home
Varieties
Diseases
the Varieties
Pests,
Crown
Price
and
PansieS
Exhibition
By D. B. Crane,
H. "
L.
W.
Pansy
Violets
F.R.H.S.
COLLiNCRlDCE,
Guide
148
or
the
on
Field
for
Raising New
;
descriptivelist of all
Sanders,
"
to
Viola
Selections
PUBMSHBD
W.
and
F.L.S.
Illustrated.
8vo.
Tufted
;
Treatise
Garden
Violets."
Fancy and
Show,
and
T.
Practical
in
; also
etc.
By
box, 2/10.
in
Exhibition
and
Market
and
Cultivation
in Cultivation.
t/-net
Illustrations.
numerous
by Post, packed
History, Propagation
Cloth,
Cultivation
the
Garden
for
of
of
the
Decoration
Varieties, "c.,
BT
149, Aldersgate
Street, London.
"c.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
8vo, 202
Crown
1/6
Price
WORKS.
GARDENING
PRACTICAL
net
and
pages,
explanatory Diagraniij
in Cloth, 2/- ; by Post, 2/3.
85
; bound
by Post, 1/9
Alphabet of Gardening."
and
fuU
to the
Guide
Practical
1|- net
by
How
cloth, 1/6
Them."
Grow
to
practical
and Propagation
History, Culture, Management
air ;
the
and
in
Greenhouses
in
Open
of Vines
Vineries,
F.R.H.S.
J,
Lansdell,
and Fungoid Pests, etc.
By
Insect
1/- net
Price
Sweet
by Post, 1/8.
Cultivation
Their
Treatise
Practical
Exhibition.
of
Culture
and
Peas
Illustrated.
8vo.
Crown
New
Peas
Sweet
on
Successful
and
Dahlias
1/-net
Selection
Cultivation-
of
1/- net
and
Complete
for
Timing
Midland
Growers
Crown
"
8vo, bound
J. B.
Guide
Annuals
as
the
to
of
By
Shrubs
A.
"
tions
Instruc-
Southern,
of
"
Perennials
Fruits
PUBLISHED
148
and
Best
the
by Post, 2/3.
a
Annuals
"
"
Giiss
"
Half-Hardy
Herbs
Vegetables
"
Complete
Manures
Hardy
Salads
"
net
Crops
Soils and
GaiFFtTus, Ph.D.,
L. COLLiNCRIDCE,
with
Selections
"
Exhibition.
for
Northern,
Garden
Plants
"
Tl\em
Exhibition,
2/-
Price
Suitable
most
Greenhouse
and Biennials
by Post, 1/8.
Wroe.
for
"
;r.;; Plants"
Grow
to
for
in cloth.
Special Manures
culture
How
to
and
By
Varieties, etc.
Show,
Farniy, Cactus,
tion
Exhibiand
Decoration
Wboe.
B.
J.
By
cloth, 1/6
Growing
Stopping, for
Taking the Buds
Guide
the
on
Illustrated.
8vo.
by Post, 1/2
Treatise
-a
the
for Garden
Varieties, etc.,etc.
Chrysanthemums
A
Historyof
and
Dahlias
Crown
Price
Illustrated.
8vo.
their
Propagation, Culture
Pompon and Single
;
F.R.H.S.
and
Praising
Crown
Price
and
Home
For
Selection
the
Development
History and
C.
H. Cuktis,
etc.
By
Exhibiting,
Varieties;
H. "
1/9
Post
by
the
dealing with
Book
W.
in
and
Grapes
rotms.
W.
Illustrated.
Crown
"
By
F.L.S., F.R.H.S.
SENDEES,
Price
ners.
T.
for
Lawns"
"
FlowerMush-
etc.
BY
Street, London.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
Trice
each
1/- net
1/6
Profit.
Geese
Turkeys
and
T.
Breeds,
Bikd.
7.
No,
Ducks,
Best
the
of Rabbits, with
a
Description of
By J.
Foods, Ailments, Marketing, etc.
and
Rearing
The
Management
Suitable
by post 1/9.
6.
and
Pleasure
for
in cloth
Bound
by post 1/2.
No.
Rabbits
Cow^mMec?.
HANDBOOKS"
USEFUL
Profit,
for
Guide
to
Fowls
and
8.
No.
Cows
Dairy
on
Best
the
Milk
Horse
and
Treatise
of Dairy Cows
and their Management
and
of the
Management
Dairy : Butter
and the Law, etc., etc.
John
Walker.
By
No.
The
Practical
Breeds
and
Making:
Dairy,
the
and
Its Care
struction
Con-
Cheese
9.
and
Management,
tical
Prac-
Treatise
on
Breeding, Rearing, Feeding, Ailments, Diseases,
Treatment
General
tion
Construc; Breaking in. Buying ; Stable
;
Management
of the
No.
By H.
E.
Fawccj.
10.
No.
Rearing
Chicken
Incubators,
Selection
and
and
Treatise
Management
Rearing of Chickens
11.
by
Management
the
describingthe
of Incubators
natural
and
Structure
and
artificial
of
Egg
an
Brooders,
means.
of
and
By
A.
Johnson.
W.
H. A
L. COLLINCRIDGE,
14g
149, Aldwssati
the
Street, London.
')'.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
Ppemiep
Honours
ESTABLISHED
at
1832.
ANT.
the
Successors
to
late
the
ROOZEN
SPLENDID
Show.
Quinquennial
Opeat
CAPE,
Pallandt.
SON'S
AND
DUTCH,
Van
Baron
EXOTIC
AND
BULBS,
HERBACEOUS
PLANTS,
AND
SEEDS.
F"txned
fox"
HiTovtli.
Sterling
Oar
of tlie above, containing fall enltnral directions, are
Descriptive OATALOGrTJES
and JUNE,
and will be sent PttBB
pnblishe J in JANUARY
on
applicationto onr Offices
to oar
at OVEBVEBN,
General Agents,
or
HAARLEM,
HOLLAND,
MERTENS
Lane,
3i Cross
CONNECTION
NO
"
St. Mary
WITH
OTHER
FIRM
J. NESS
BOAT
and
Garden
seaRBOR"*,
Lawn
Tennis
Good,
NAME.
STORES,
SaNDSlDE,
12,
OF A SIMILAR
Co.,
"
FISHING
E.C.
Hill, LONDON,
at
ANY
CO.,
and
Garden
nets,
any
fence
top and
N,B."Tbe
for
to order.
New
Our
or
Netting,
nets,
thoroughly
are
on
bottom.
Square
Mesb
Nets
are
the
aai
We
can
also
supply
Football,
aolf,
Rabbit,
Tpammel,
only
ones
that
cover
la
tall
both
length
width.
Stack,
Drag
Pea,
and
Pheasant,
other
Nets.
Cricket,