Q: Is there any standard SAP report which gives a count of the number of times a program is

executed ?
A: Try transaction STAT
Q: When we create a customer the information is updated in structure RF02D and the some tables
like KNA1 are updated. How can we find the tables for master data transactions?
A: Go to ABAP Workbench -> Overview -> application hierarchy - SAP -> follow the customizing
based tree for your application. Double click on a lowest hierarchy level to get for the correct
marked development class. Here you can find all the tables, views, logical databases etc. used for a
system operation.

Q: How can we use CAD with SAP ?

A: Third party tools from Eigner + Partner provide interfaces to SAP. Another third party software Fastlook Plus from Kamel Software enables you to view all of the Autocad formats.
Q: How can I access SAP through Internet?
A: SAP has its own Internet transaction Server (ITS) . Other products include Haht, WebObjects,
NetDynamics etc. Each product has its' own architecture.
However to access the database, access paths SAP GUI or RFC Channel have to be used.
Q: How can we transport the standard text?
A: Refer note 3355 in OSS for a complete explanation. The SAPscript objects that should be
transported must be written in a transport reQuest.
The entries are as follows:
R3TR FORM NAME (NAME = Name of the layout set)
R3TR STYL NAME (NAME = Name of the style)
R3TR TEXT OBJECT,NAME,ID,L
(OBJECT = Text object, NAME = Text name, ID = Text ID, L = Text language)
If you want to transport a number of texts, you can use report RSTXTRAN to insert the individual
text keys into a correction. The transport reQuest must be entered and released via the transport
system.
Q: How to find what transactions a particular user was running for a given period in the past (Eg:
from 1st of a month )
A: You may use the transaction - STAT.
Q: We want protect/lock a field so that only selected people can change the value while others can
only read. How to set the authorizations?
A: Create an authorization object for change mode. Loop at screen in the user exit and set input to
0. Check the user based on sy-uname and the authorization. Decide whether input should be 0 or 1.
Q: How to lock an user defined transaction for some time during which no user can access the
same?
A: Use transaction SM01. Scroll through the transactions and check against the transaction to be
locked. And after the maintenance is over, go back to SM01 and uncheck the same to unlock.
BDC
Q: Our ABAP program is working properly in Foreground. Can I schedule it for background
processing on the weekend?
A: SAP standard program RSBDCSUB helps you to schedule the job. Create a variant for RSBDCSUB
with the BDC session name.
Q: How can we send a mail to the user intimating him that his report/BDC is completed in
background?
A: You can use FUNCTION RS_SEND_MAIL_FOR_SPOOLLIST
If Unix is being used, you may send a report to any internet mail with the following:
REPORT ZSNDMAIL .
DATA: COMND(200) type c.
DATA: RESULT(200) type c occurs 100 with header line.
PARAMETERS: FILE(60) type c lower case default '/sapdata/sd_outbound/testmail.dat'.
PARAMETERS: SUBJECT(60) type c lower case.

PARAMETERS: EMAIL(60) type c lower case.

INITIALIZATION.
TRansLATE EMAIL TO LOWER CASE.
START-OF-SELECTION.
TRansLATE EMAIL TO LOWER CASE.
CONCATENATE 'cat' FILE '| elm -s &Quot;' subject '&Quot;' email into comnd seperated by space.
CALL 'SYSTEM' ID 'COMMAND' FIELD comnd 'TAB' FIELD UNIX_RESULTS-*SYS*.
Loop at Results.
write: /1 results.
endloop
end-of-selection.
SAPScript
Q: We get the total number of pages as expected by using 'SAPSCRIPT-FORMPAGES' in a duplex
layout. In our case duplex case is always 'Terms & Conditions'. We do not want the number
of pages as in duplex printing. What is the best possible solution?
A: On the Terms & Conditions page, Change the Page counter mode to 'HOLD' to keep the page
counter from incrementing when you print the Term & Conditions.
Q: Can I Print a logo on an Invoice?
A: Save a Logo using Paintshop Pro or Corel Draw as Tiff file. Use RSTXLDMC to convert the logo to
standard text in SapScript. When the program is executed, the path and file name have to be
correctly specified.
Process could be like the following:
Run RSTXLDMC
Enter file name C:\MAIL\COMPLOGO.TIF
Resolution for Tiff file
Absolute X-position
Absolute Y-position
Absolute positioning
Reserved height
Shift to right
UOM = CM
Text title
Line width for text = 132
Text name ZHEX-MACRO-COMPLOGO
Text ID ST
Text language = E
Postscript scaling
Width & Height according to PS scaling
Number of Tiff gray levels (2,4,9) 2
Then Create a new window 'COMP' with attributes;
Window COMP description Company Logo
Window type CONST
Left margin 7.00 CH window width 10.00 CH
Upper margin LN window height 8.00 LN
Finally in the text element , mention
/: INCLUDE 'ZHEX-MACRO-COMPLOGO' OBJECT TEXT ID ST LANGUAGE 'E'.
Please note that if object name is not indicated as 'ZHEX...', the logo may not be printed!
You will not be able to see the logo in a test print. The same will be printed in actual printout.
If you are using two logos in the same layout, the names of the logos should be uniQue. Say 'ZHEXMACRO-LOGO1' and 'ZHEX-MACRO-LOGO2'. Else all the information will be overwritten.
If the logo is not EXACTLY TIFF 6.0 , the same will not be printed.
See OSS notes 5995, 18045, 39031 for some inputs.
RFC
Q: We want to move a SAP table to an Access table using TABLE_EXPORT_TO_MSACCESS_RFC
Importing parameters are
DBNAME
DEST
FLG_APPEND
FLG_POPUP

LANGU
The table has three columns:
TABNAM
MANDT
SDATA
We have no Exporting parameters.
How shall we set the parameters?
A: Install the PS utilities, which are part of SAPGUI install CD. You may run report RIACCESS from
SE38. Go to SALE -> Communication -> Define RFC Destination. Setup two RFC destinations
PS_ACCESS_1 and PS_ACCESS_2 and will have to get them to point to wdpsastr.exe and
wdpsatab.exe respectively. Then execute RIACCESS and choose PS_ACCESS_1 to generate access
tables. Please note that Access only supports tables with up 255 fields.
Q: We want an RFC do the following transactions - MB1A, MB1C,>MB01 (goods receipt/issue).
A: Call the RFC INBOUND_IDOC_PROCESS with IDOC_CONTROL and IDOC_DATA. The structure in
the field sdata in the IDOC_DATA are e1mbxyh and e1mbxyi.
Transports
Q: In a Dev instance, we want to transport a modification to a layout set from one client to
another. What is the best way?
A: use transaction SE71. Choose Utilities->Copy from Client. Layout sets need not be transported
between clients , via transport reQuests DEVKxxxxxx.
Q: We need to keep track of the transports that need to flow through to other systems (ie, DEV,
TST, TRN, PRD etc). Is there a way do this?
A: SAPCRAFT enables you to control the CTS from DEV system. This keeps track of all transports at
all stages and enables you to allocate Import, export and Authorization functions to specific user.
Tables
Q: We specify the logical database. And we want a field that is not present in any of the tables
defaulted in logical database. How can we want to add this additional field from a different table?
A: . Presume you have a
logical database
table 1
table 2
table 3
Define the reQuired field as additional field say fld of table 1, table 2 or table 3
and then in the code section define.
Perform get_f1d(zxxxxxxx) using f1d.
Form zxxxxxxx could be like;
Form get_f1d using f.
Select * from where 'conditions'

f = table4 - f1d.
Q:We need to download an internal table to the Presentation Server(local workstation). Whenever
we run the program, the same file has to be saved as a separate file in seQuential order. Ex:
0001.txt, 0002.txt etc. Where can we store the last file number?
A: SAP has a table TVARV for storing the variants.
A record may be created in TVARV for all the programs that reQuire this kind of incremental records.
For Ex: the record could be 100Zmm10001 MM seQuence rec where first part consists of client code
and the program being run. Client code is reQuired because TVARV does not has a field for client
code. The second part is the description indicating the purpose what the record is created. This
entire string may be posted in the Name field (char - 30).
The Type field ( char- 1) may be populated with P or S (Parameter or Selection)
Low field (char- 45) may be populated with '0001' when run first time and increment it by one in
your program for downloading of the internal table.
Batch input / Direct input

Q:

We are calling transaction VL01 in batch input to create deliveries using a program for delivery
due list. How ever we areunable to create deliveries for transport stock orders. Why?
A: Batch-inputs can not be used to fill the &Quot;delivery due list&Quot; screen because it is not a

dynpro. This is a standard SAP report. A SAP report (check with &Quot;System -> Status&Quot;)
may be called using SUBMIT sentence with the appropriate options . It is preferred to call a report
than create a Batch-input program.
Q: What are some sample Direct input data transfer programs?
A: In MM for Material Master data - RMDATIND
FI - for Accounting Documents - RFBIBL00
PP - for Independent reQuirements - RM06IN00
CA - for Classification data - RCCLBI03
Q. What is an ABAP data dictionary?
ans- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application
development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
Q. What are domains and data element?
ans . Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an
attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to
describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes
how a field can be displayed to end-user.

Q. What is foreign key relationship?

ans. A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level.
Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against
existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship
cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how
referenced records are possible.
Q. Describe data classes.
ans. Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is
often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the
system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs
for itself.
Q. What are indexes?
ans. Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists
in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields
are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe
indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
Q. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.
ans. Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the
table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the
same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled
tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database
has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database
level.
Q. What is an ABAP/4 Query?

ans. ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query
can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports
with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For
creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional
group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to
functional group. Finally, create a Query on the functional group generated.
Q. What is BDC programming?
ans. Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming.
Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central
component of the transfer is a Queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and
groups associated data into sessions.
Q. What are the functional modules used in seQuence in BDC?
ans. These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a seQuence to perform a data transfer
successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client,
sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert
the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch
input session.
Q. What are internal tables?
ans. Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the
program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for reorganising the contents of database tables according to users need.
Q. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?
ans. ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3
system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and viceversa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All
transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be
stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can
be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.

Q.

What is DynPro?

ans. DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow
logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
Q. What are screen painter and menu painter?
ans. Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It
allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow
logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface
components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components
of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4
applications.
Q. What are the components of SAP scripts?
ans. SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard
text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following
components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3
system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

Q. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?

ans. ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function
modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is
used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the
output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases,
this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a
report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for
dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain
up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
Q. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?
ans. Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-ofpage, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
Q. What is CTS and what do you know about it?
ans. The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development
projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the
SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an
overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your
system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this
documentation when planning your development project.
Q. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical
databases?
ans. To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides
read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions
which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection.
iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while
retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you
donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no
ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement
(such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
Q. What is a batch input session?
ans. BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table.
Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed,
program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
Q. How to upload data using CATT ?
ans. These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test
case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the
source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
Q. What is Smart Forms?
ans. Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality,
color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart
Form solution.
Q. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?-

ans. Client dependent or independent transfer reQuirements include client specific or cross client
objects in the change reQuests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries
in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change reQuest, and
then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the
task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.

Q. What is the difference between macro and subroutine?

ans. Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are
expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the
are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code
that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external).
A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not
really possible, prevent the use of them (Ive never used them, but seen them in action). If the
subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used
by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
Q. How data is stored in cluster table?
ans. Each field of cluster table behaves as tables which contains the no. of entries.
Q. What are client dependant objects in abap/sap?
ans. SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.
Q. On which even we can validate the input fields in module progams?
ans. In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of
fields put in chain and End chain statement.)
Q. In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input
plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically?
ans. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL.
CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' to get material and material group for the
plant.
Q. How do you get output from IDOC?
ans. Data in IDOc is stored in segments, the output from Idoc is obtained by reading the data
stored in its respective segments.
Q. When top of the page event is triggered?
ans. After excuteing first write statement in start-of-selection event.
Q. Can we create field without data element and how?
ans. In SE11 one option is available above the fields strip. Data element/ direct type.
Q. How do we debug sapscript?
ans. Go to SE71 give lay set name , go to utilities select debugger mode on.
Q. Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program.
ans. TCode AL21.
Q. How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.
ans. Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the
name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z table name and press enter.

Q. What is the use of 'outerjoin'

ans. With the use of outer join you can join the tables even there is no entry in all the tables used
in the view.
In case of inner join there should be an entry in al the tables use in the view.
Q. When to use logical database?
ans. Advantage of Logical databases:
less coding s reQuired to retrieve data compared to normal internel tables.
Tables used LDB are in hierarchial structure.
Q. What is the use of 'table index'?
ans .Index is used for faster access of data base tables.
Q. What is the use of 'FOR ALL ENTRIES'?
ans. To avoid nested select statements we use SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES statement.
If there r more than 10000 records SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is used.
Performance wise SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is better to use.
Q. Can you set up background processing using CALL TRansACTION?
ans. Yes,Using No Screen Mode.
Q. What are table buffers?
ans. Table buffers reside locally on each application server in the system. The data of buffered
tables can thus be accessed
directly from the buffer of the application server. This avoids the time-consuming process of
accessing the database.
Buffering is useful if table needs to be accessed more no. of times in a
program.
Q. What is client 000 in SAP R/3?
ans.. Client 000 is defined as the SAP standard and the customer cannot change it. This client
serves as a copy template for the creation of further clients.
Q. What are the different type of work process ?
ans. The following work process in SAP R/3

Dialog (D): each dispatcher needs at least 2 dialog work processes (not shown above)
Spool (S): at least 1 per R/3 System (more than 1 per dispatcher allowed)
Update (V): at least 1 per R/3 System (more than 1 per dispatcher allowed)
Background (B): at least 2 per R/3 System (more than 1 per dispatcher allowed)
EnQueue (E): exactly 1 per R/3 System (only 1 E work process is reQuired and allowed)

Q. How do you start SAP R/3?

ans. To start R/3, run the shell script startsap from the home directory of user <sid>adm.
startsap starts the saposcol process, which is the statistics collector for operating system resource
data, if it is not yet running.
startsap calls the script startdb, which starts the database if it is not already started.

startsap then starts the central instance.

The R/3 System administrator can start additional instances and application servers. To
start the instances independently of the database, use the script startsap.
startsap has the following options:
startsap r3:

Checks if the database is running; if it is, only the instance is started

startsap db:

Starts only the database

startsap all:

Default entry; starts both the database and the R/3 instance

Q. In what seQuence are profile parameter read?

ans. R/3 processes read the appropriate parameters from a C source in the R/3 kernel

The default profile /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/profile/DEFAULT.PFL is read; profile values already

defined in the C source are replaced with the values in the default profile
The instance profile /usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/profile/<SID>_<instance>_<hostname> is
read; profile values already defined in the default profile or in the C source are replaced
with the values defined in the instance profile
This procedure ensures that system parameter values reflect the instance profile and the
values in the default profile and the C source.

Q. What are the step involved before stopping R/3 system?

ans. Before stopping any R/3 system following steps are basic steps to be performed.

Before the R/3 System is stopped, the R/3 System administrator should check the:
Check if any background jobs from any application server are active or have been triggered
externally. Use transactionSM37
Check if the background work process BTC is running in any application server.
Check if any update records are open when the system is stopped, the records are rolled
back and set to status init. At startup, the records are processed again.
The administrator must decide whether to interrupt the jobs or wait until they are finished.
Give system users advance warning of the system shutdown. To create a system message,
you can use transaction SM02.
Before shutting down the system, use transaction SM04 to check whether users are still
logged on, and ask them to log off.
The R/3 System administrator and administrators of external systems should also inform
one another about data transfers between their respective systems.

Q. How do you display the server name?

ans. To display the server name, use transaction SM51. Information about the process types is
also displayed. For further information, select one of the instances and choose Processes.
Alternatively, to display the system processes, use transactionSM66.
Q. How do you display all active users in your system?
ans. To display the overview of all active users on the instance where you are logged on, use
transaction SM04. For a user overview of the whole system, call transaction AL08.

Q. What are differences between At selection-screen and at selection-screen output?

ans. At selection-screen output is triggered when the selection screen is loaded in memory before
being displayed. The event AT SELECTION-SCREEN is the basic form of a whole series of events
that occur while the selection screen is being processed.The standard selection screen in an
executable program or in the logical database linked to it is automatically called between the
INITIALIZATION and START-OF-SELECTION events. When you call the selection screen, and when
users interact with it, the ABAP runtime environment generates selection screen events, which occur
between INITIALIZATION and START-OF-SELECTION.
Q. What are the events?
Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection,end-of-selection,top-of-page,end-of-page, At
line-selection, At user-command,At PF,Get,At New,At LAST,AT END, AT FIRST.

Q. What are the interactive events?

ans. ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click) or
AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through layers of
information about individual items in a list.
Q. What is Hide?
ans. Stores the contents of f in relation to the current output line in the HIDE area not necessary
for f to appear on current line
place the HIDE statement immediately after the output statement for f
User selection of a line for which HIDE fields are available fills the variables in the program with the
values stored.
Q. How can you write programatically value help to a field without?
ans. Using searchhelp and matchcodes.?
Q. What is RFC?
ans. Remote Function Call. RFC is an SAP interface protocol. Based on CPI-C, it considerably
simplifies the programming of communication processes between systems.
RFCs enable you to call and execute predefined functions in a remote system - or even in the same
system.
RFCs manage the communication process, parameter transfer and error handling.
Q. What are client-dependant tables and independent tables?
ans. In SAP systems we have many clients. A client independent table contains data that can be
accessed from any client. Generally these tables contain SAP control data, language indicators and
transaction codes. Client Dependent tables contain data which is applicable to one specific client.
These tables contain data related to a particular company, for eg. structure of the company, basic
commercial data etc..
What are session method and call transaction method and explain about them?
Methods in which you can do a BDC the difference between session and call transaction is Session
method.
Thanks,
Q. What are lock objects?
ans. The R/3 System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data records
with a lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed, locks are set and released
by calling function modules (see Function Modules for Lock ReQuests). These function modules are
automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary.

What are the events?

Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection,end-of-selection,top-of-page,end-of-page, At
line-selection, At user-command,At PF,Get,At New,At LAST,AT END, AT FIRST.
What are the interactive events?

ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click) or AT
USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through layers of
information about individual items in a list.

Q. What is runtime analysis?

ans. This runtime analysis tools allows the ABAP/4 programmer to trace the tables used by the SAP
dialog/reports programs. In the Analyze button, you can see four more buttons like:Hit List - Displays the execution time of each statement in the program.
Tables - Displays the tables accessed during run time.
Group hit list - Displays the execution time of all the statements and grouping them based on the
type of command. e.g. performs, SQL and internal tables used.
Hirarchy - Displays the execution time of each statement in the actual order in which were
executed. Uses indentation to indicate the level of nesting of statements within subroutines.
Any tables use by the transaction or program can be easily trace with the runtime analysis tools.
Go to transaction SE30
Type in the transaction code you want to analyze. What are lock objects?
The R/3 System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data records with a
lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed, locks are set and released by
calling function modules (see Function Modules for Lock ReQuests). These function modules are
automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary
Q. How to distinguish them?
ans. All client dep tables have the field MANDT, other dont.
Q. What are the domains?
ans. Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an
business objects. It describes the value range of the field

Q. What are the check tables and value tables?

ans. Value Table - This is maintained at Domain Level.
When ever you create a domain , you can entered allowed values. For example you go to
Domain SHKZG - Debit/credit indicator. Here only allowed values is H or S. When ever you use
this Domain, the system will forces you to enter only these values. This is a sort of master check .
To be maintained as a customization object. This mean that if you want to enter values to this table
you have to create a development reQuest & transport the same.
Check table - For example you have Employee master table & Employee Transaction table. When
ever an employee Transacts we need to check whether that employee exists , so we can refer to
the employee master table. This is nothing but a Parent & Child relationship . Here data can be
maintained at client level , no development involved. As per DBMS what we call foregin key table,
is called as check table in SAP.
Q. What are lock objects?
ans. The R/3 System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data records
with a lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed, locks are set and released

by calling function modules (see Function Modules for Lock ReQuests). These function modules are
automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary.
Q. What are the different internal tables ? Explain them?
ans. Standard Internal Tables - Standard tables have a linear index. You can access them using
either the index or the key. If you use the key, the response time is in linear relationship to the
number of table entries. The key of a standard table is always non-uniQue, and you may not include
any specification for the uniQueness in the table definition.
This table type is particularly appropriate if you want to address individual table entries using the
index. This is the Quickest way to access table entries. To fill a standard table, append lines using
the (APPEND) statement. You should read, modify and delete lines by referring to the index (INDEX
option with the relevant ABAP command). The response time for accessing a standard table is in
linear relation to the number of table entries. If you need to use key access, standard tables are
appropriate if you can fill and process the table in separate steps. For example, you can fill a
standard table by appending records and then sort it. If you then use key access with the binary
search option (BINARY), the response time is in logarithmic relation to the number of table entries.
Sorted Internal Tables - Sorted tables are always saved correctly sorted by key. They also have a
linear key, and, like standard tables, you can access them using either the table index or the key.
When you use the key, the response time is in logarithmic relationship to the number of table
entries, since the system uses a binary search. The key of a sorted table can be either uniQue, or
non-uniQue, and you must specify either UNIQUE or NON-UNIQUE in the table definition. Standard
tables and sorted tables both belong to the generic group index tables.
This table type is particularly suitable if you want the table to be sorted while you are still adding
entries to it. You fill the table using the (INSERT) statement, according to the sort seQuence defined
in the table key. Table entries that do not fit are recognised before they are inserted. The response
time for access using the key is in logarithmic relation to the number of table entries, since the
system automatically uses a binary search. Sorted tables are appropriate for partially seQuential
processing in a LOOP, as long as the WHERE condition contains the beginning of the table key.
Hashed Internal Tables - Hashes tables have no internal linear index. You can only access hashed
tables by specifying the key. The response time is constant, regardless of the number of table
entries, since the search uses a hash algorithm. The key of a hashed table must be uniQue, and you
must specify UNIQUE in the table definition.
This table type is particularly suitable if you want mainly to use key access for table entries. You
cannot access hashed tables using the index. When you use key access, the response time remains
constant, regardless of the number of table entries. As with database tables, the key of a hashed
table is always uniQue. Hashed tables are therefore a useful way of constructing and
using internal tables that are similar to database tables.
Q. What is runtime analysis?
ans. This runtime analysis tools allows the ABAP/4 programmer to trace the tables used by the SAP
dialog/reports programs. In the Analyze button, you can see four more buttons like:Hit List - Displays the execution time of each statement in the program.
Tables - Displays the tables accessed during run time.
Group hit list - Displays the execution time of all the statements and grouping them based on the
type of command. e.g. performs, SQL and internal tables used.
Hirarchy - Displays the execution time of each statement in the actual order in which were
executed. Uses indentation to indicate the level of nesting of statements within subroutines.
Any tables use by the transaction or program can be easily trace with the runtime analysis tools.
Go to transaction SE30
Type in the transaction code you want to analyze.