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  • ASTM - A370 - Traccion

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    Luizhito Valdez Espinoza
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    norma

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    ASTM_A370 - Traccion

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    16 Ansichten53 Seiten

    ASTM - A370 - Traccion

    Hochgeladen von

    Luizhito Valdez Espinoza
    norma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
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    aly Designation: A 370 - 97a riLE COPY Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products" This so! i seed under the Ene deste A 370 the sumer inmates (lowing ths ceseraes isons Ie Yee gl adapean Sethe case of onion be = Ts vin Atunte in umeivacs desir te yer 6 Mt eapgeOP. A fapececpteplon i) iieter sn elena ease once eis fio Fearon 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods* cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of wrought and east steel products. ‘The various niecharical tests Terein described are used 10 determine properties required in the product specifications Vasiasions in testing mernods are to be avoided and sandard, reshoes of tesing are to be followed (@ obiain reproducible and comparable resils. In those cases where the tesing requirements for certain products are unique cr at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shail conro 1.2 The following mechasical wsts are deterioeet Sa " Annexes covering details peculiar to censin products we appended co these west mexhods as follows: Rend Wire Proaits 4 Soomearon of Note Bet npc Tasting 5 Conver Persentage Elempiton o cura Spacimans a ‘Enieaerts for Ft Spaces estng Mure Stand 7 6 ° Prosar arn and Cone Hos! Cyr Seaton 0 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are tbe regarded, 1 the standard. 15. When this document is referenced in a meme product specification. the yield and teasile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into ST (MP2) units. The ‘hes los methods and defnitons are under the jaisdiios of ASTM Commie 41 on Such Stanlese Set a Rebted Alls ane ae tbe ect ‘espeulliy of Subcom: AOI-13 oe Mchaicel and Chena! Tsing and Frecesing Methods of Sel Protos and Process. (Covert adeion approved Jan 10 ar4 Macs 10,1997, Pulled Novenier 1067 Oniely gublted ng A370 83. Lae pois aon A 70~ 36. Far ASME Baie and Pressure Coe mpteatons ae clued Spat Licensed by Information Handi ng Services pprora or wo by agence the Bp fafa ge lengths of Vor ix. may be reported In SI unit gage lengins of 50 or 200 mun respectively, 2s applicable, Conversely, witen this document is referenced in an incl-pound product specification. the yield and tensile values may be determined i ST units then cox: verted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI of 50 pr 200 mm may be reponed is leagibs of 2 or 8 ix, xespectively, as appli- tgnit gage ler nch-poand £8 cable 16 Attention is divected to Prectices A880 and F 1595 when thee may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories. 17 This standard does not purport 10 address all of safery concerns, if any, associated with its use. It #2 responsibility of the user of this standard 10 extoblish appro- priate safsts and health practices and determine the applic bility of regulatory limitations prior 19 use 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: ‘A TOMA 703M Specification fer Sieel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts* ATSUA TSIM Specification for Castings. Steel and Alloy. ‘Commen Requirements, for General Indusuial Use? A833. Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Mate- Pals by Comparison Hardness Testers A880 Practice for Cteria for Use in Evaluation of Test Laboratories and Organizaiiens for Examination and in- spestion of Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys? E4 Practices for Foice Verification of Tesing Machines 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mecnenical Test ing® F.8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials 8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate- isle Mowie]® 4210 Tes, Method for Brivell Hareiness of Mesallic Matesi= alse BIG Tes: Metheds for Rockwell Hantness and Rockwell Supenicial Hardness of Mezallic Matcriais® > Ay! ok of ASTM Stands, Vel OL. “aaa Dook of ASTM Standen VS O15 3 Arua! Book {ASTM Standavés Nel OL Anus! Bock of ASTM Srananér. Vel O30: American Society for Testing and materials §h 4 370 23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Test Metallic Materials* E29 Practice for Using SigniGvant Digiss In Test Data 10 Determine Conformance with Specifications’ E $3 Practice for Verification ané Clacsification of Exten- someerst E110 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Muterials by Ponable Harness Testers® E 190 Mewiod for Guided Bend Test for Ductltity of Welds® E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weiest ‘Test to ‘Decesmize Nil Ductility Transicion Temperature of Feritic See E29) “Test Method for Semi-Guided Bend Test for Dustility of Metallic Materials® £1595 Practice for Evaluating the Performance ‘chanical Testing Laborstories® 22 Other Decwnent ASME Boller aud Pressure Vessel Code. So Division 1, Pat UG-84" 2 of Me- nV, 2 Goneral Precautions 3.1 Certain methods of febrication guch as bend ing. and welding, or operations involving beating. may aTect the properties of the material under tes. Therefore. ure product specificaiions cover the Siage of manufacture at which me chenicel testing ia te be performed. The properies shown by testing prior Co fabrication may not aecessarily be representa ve of the product after it has been completely febricated. 3.2 Improper machining of preparation of test specimens, may give erroneous results, Care sliould be exercised to assure good workmanship ia machining. Improperly machined speci- snens should he ditearsed and other specimens sobstiniredt 3 Flawsin the specimen may also affect results. If any test specimen develops flaws. the retest provision of the appicable ‘produc: epecification chall govern. ¢ Tfany test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such 28 failure of testing equipment or improper specimen reparation, it may be disearied and another specimen taken 4. Orientation of Test Specimens 4.1 The terms “Iongitadine! test” and “wansverse test” are used only in material specifcations fur wrought products and se not applicable 10 castings. When such reference is rrade to 8 West Coupon ar test specimen. the following Gefinitions apply! 4.1.1 Lengiudinal Test. unless specifically deGaed other wise. signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is parallel to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel Caning rolling or forging. The sess applied to & longitudinal tension vest specimen is in the direction of the greatest ‘extension, and the axis of the fold of a longitudinal bend west specimen is at dght angles ro the direction of greatest exteusion (Fig. 1, Fig. 21a), and 1b). 41.2 Transverse Test, unless specifically defined otherwise. signifies that the Jengihwise axis of ihe specimen is at right Avnaal Boot of ASTM Sar * Aomiable from Americas sew Yous NY 1007 Yel 1402 Sty of Mestatial rginoas 33 Th Set vicensed by Information Handling S: angles wo the direction of the greatest extension of me steel daring rolling or forging, The sirese applied 10 transverse tension test specimen is at right angles to the groatest exten Sion. ard the axis of the fold of a ransverse bend test specimen ie paralle! to she greatest extention (Fig. 1) 42 The terms “radial west” anc “tangential test” ae used in material specifications for some wro cular products and. ave not applicable to castings. When such reference is made 10 ‘atest eoupen of test specimen. the fellowing definitions epply 42.1 Radial Test, unless specifically defined otheawise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpea- dicular to the axis of the product end coincident with one of the radii of a cirele crawn with 2 poimt on the axis of the procuct asa center (Fig. 2(a)) 4.22 Tangential Test, unless specifically defined cthenwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is verpex- dicalertoa plane containing the axis of the product and tangent te e cizcle deawn with a poinr or se axis of the product as a emer (Fig. 2a), % 9), 10, aad 22, ‘TENSION TEST 5. Description 5.1 The weasion test relate to the mechanical testing of steel producis evbjecis ¢ machined or full-ection specimen of the matetiel under examination to 2 cause rupture, The resulting properties sought are defined in “Terminology B 6. 2 In tbe wealing equipment ad methods are given in Test Methods & 8. However, there are c "Test Methods E § praotices in the te covered in these test methods. 6, Terminology 6.1 For definitions of terms peraiting to teasion testing including tensile strength, yield point, yield suengm, elonga tion, end reduction of area. reference should he made to ‘Tenminology £6. 17. ‘Testing Apparatus and Operations 7.1 Loading Systems— There are two general types of loading sysierss, mechanical (sew power) and hydraulic. ‘These differ chiefly in the variability of the rate of load application, The older serew power machines are limited to @ salall amber of Axed free runing exusshead speeds, Some ‘medem screw power machines. and all hydraulic machines permit stepless variation throughout the zange of speeds. ‘The teasion testing machine stall be maintained in good ‘operating condition, used only in the proper loading range, and. calibrated periodically in agcordance with the latest revision of Proctices F 4, Nove 1—Many machines are equipped wit sscs-sreln recarders for uingreptic plcting of srese-srain carves. [ Should be noted that some Tecorders have 4 lead measuring component enitely seperate from the load indicator af the teving mackine. Such recenders are calibrated sepately 7.3 Leading—It is the funccion of the gripping or holding evice of she testing machine 10 ersasmit the load fom the heads of the machine co the specimen under test, The essential g and Materials ‘qh A 370 sequivement Js that die load still be vanstaltied axially. This implies that the centers of the action of the grips shall be in alignment. insofar as practicable. with the axis of the specimen the beginning and daring the tes, and thet bendiag or twisting be held to a minimum. For specimens with a reduced secon. grioping of the specimen shall be restricted to the arp secdon, In the ease of certain seodons tested in full zo, nozanial loading is unavoidable and in such cases shall be permissible, 74 Speed of Testing— The speed of testing gull not be ‘ester than that at which load and strain readings cen be made ly. In production testing, epeed of testing is commonly lets of fice running crosshead speed Cate of movernent of ine crosshead of the testing machine when nat under load), or (2) in tess of cate of separation of the owo sroads of the testing machine under load, or (3) in terms of cae ‘of Szessing the specimen. or (4 ia terms of rete of staining the decimen. The following imitations on the speed of testing axe recommended a5 adequate for most steel products: Now 2 eesion ta ung slosss-loop machines (wah losdbuck contol ef mz) should noche performea using lod eval a ths mode fr esang wil owl in aoveleaton of ie cfossheas spon Fehing 080 flevcion of the measured yield szength, 74.1 Any convenient speed of costing may be used up t© ‘one half the specified yielé poimi or yield strength. When this point is reached. the free-rumiing fate of seperation of the crossheads shall be adjusted so as rot to exceed Vie in. per min per inen of reduced section, or the distance be:ween the grips for test specimens rot having reduced sections. This speed shall be mainiaimed through the vield poiat or yield svength, In dewrmining the tensile Srenguh, the free-running rae of seperation of the heads shall net exceed ¥4 in. per mia per inch of seduced section. or the distance between the grips for test specimens not having reduced secuons. In any event, the minimum speed of testing shell not he less than io the specified maximum rales for determining yield point or yield seength and reasile suength, 742 I: shail be permissible 10 ser the speed of the testing rachine by adjusting the fee cunning crosshead speed 10 the above specified values, inasmuch as the rate of separation of heads under load at these machine settings is less tnan the spectied valuee of free munaing crosshead speed. 743 As an alemative. if the machine is equipped with a device to indicate the rate of loading, the speed of the machine from helf the specified yield poin: or yield strength theough the yield point or yield swengeh may be adjusted so thet the rate of Suessing does ot exceed 100,000 psi (690 MPayimin. How- ever. the minimum rae of stressing shall not be less than 10,000 psi (70 MPayinin. & Test Specimen Parameters 8.1 Seiection—Test coupons shall be selected in accordance with the applicable produe: specifications 8.L.L Wrought Sieels— Wrought steel producis awe usually tested in the longitudinal direction. bur in some cases. where size permits and the service justifies it, testing is in the ransverse, radial, or tangential directions (see Fig. 1 and Fi 8.12 Forged Steels For open die forgings, the mezal for cOPYRIGHT Licensed by teusion testing is usually provided by allowing exieasioas or prolongations on one or both ends of the forpings. ether on all ive number as provided by ube applicable ications. Test Specimens are normally taken at mid-redius. Cenain produet specifications permit the use of & representative har of the destruction of s production pan for test purposes. For ring or disk-like forgings tet metal is provided by incresing the diameter. thickness. or length of the Forging. Upset disk or ring forgings. which are worked or extended by forging in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the forging. usually have their principal extension alc eaneentric circles and for such forgiags tangential teasioa specimens are obiained from eaua meu on he periphery o: fend of the forging. For some forgings. such as rO.ors. Tec cension teste are required, Tn such cases the spesimens aze cut oF uepaaned from specified locations 8.13 Cast Stzels— Test coupons for castings from which ‘consicn 1est specimens are prepared shall be in accordance wath the requirements of Specifications A 703A 703M or A781/ A TSIM. as applicable. 82 Size and Tolerances Test spevimiens shall be the full thickness or seeion of maueial asrolled, or may be mactined to the form and dimensions shown in Figs. 3-6, inclusive. The selection of size and type of spoizen is prozeribed oy the applicable produe: specification, Full scclan specimens shall be tested in Sin. (200-mm) gage leagih unless otherwise specified in the product specification. 83 Procurement of Test Specimens—Specimens shall be sheared, Hanked. sawed. trepanned. or oxygen-cut from pi tions of the material, They are usually machined £0 as 10 have 1 reduces cross section at mid-lengih ia order to obtain uniform disurbatioa of the siress over the cross section and Lo localize the zone of fracture. Whes test coupons are sheared, blanked, sawed, or oxygen-cu, care shall be taken to remove by machining all cistorted, cold-worked, or heat-alfecied ereas from the edges of the aeeiion used in avalvating the vest 84. Agung of Test Sperimens—Uniess olherwise specified. shall be permissible to age tension test spacimens. The time. lemperaue cycle employed aussi be suc that the effecis of previous processing will not te materially changed. Tt may de Accomplished fy aging at room temperature 24 to 48 b. or in shorter time at moderately clevated :emperatures by boiling in water, beatiag in oil or in an oven. 8.5 Measurement of Dimensions of Tes! Spaciovens 8.5.1 Siandard Rectangular Tension Test Specimens—These forms of specimens are shown in Fig. 3. To determine cross-sectional aree, the ceuter wicth dimension shall be meastred 10 the nearest 0.005 ta. (0.13 mm) for the Sm, (200-mm) gage length specimen an¢ 0.001 in, (0.025 mm the 2-in, ($0-mm) gape longth specimen in Fig. 3. The cont thickness dimension shall be measured uw che nearest 0.001 in. for hoth specimens. 852 Standard Round Tension Test Specimens—Tnese forms of specimens ae shown iz Fig. and Fig. 5. To deermine the the dismeter shall be measured at the center of the gage leugih to the acarest 0.001 in, 0.025 mm), (See Table 1.) 88 General —Test sperimens shall $e either sbsantally American Society for Testing and Materials a, ip aszo full size or machined. as preccribed in the product specifica tons for the mauerial being ested. $6.1 Improperly prepared test specimens often cause unsat- isfactory test results. I. ig important. therefore. thst care be exercised in the preperation of specimens, pariculsly in the ‘machining, to assure geod werkmanshio. $62 Ii is dasizable wo have tho oross-sectional area of the specimen smallest at the cenier of the gage length to ensure, fracture within the gage length. This is provided for by the taper in the gage length permitved for each of the specimens described in the following sections 8.63 For brittle materia it is desirable 10 have Alle’s of Tange radius ar the ends of the gage lengt. 9. Plate-Type Specimen, 9.1 ‘The standard plate~type test specimen is shown in Fig. 3 ‘This specimen is used for testing metallic materials the form of plate, sauctural and bai-size shapes, and Dax moterial bev! 2 nomiral thickness of 3¢ in. (5 mm) or over. When product specifications go permit. other types of specimens may be used. Now 5_When galled for in she pcuct specification. he Bin. 2880 lengin specimen of Fig. } jay be wise for shoe and stp raion 10, Sheet-Type Specimen, 10.1 The standard sheet-wvpe test specimen is chown in Fig. 3. This specimen is used for testing meullic maevials ia the form of sheet, plate, fia wire. sig. band, and boop ranging nomizal thickness from 0.005 to Yin. (0.13 19 19 mm), When product specifications $0 permit. other types of specimens may be used, 2s provided in Section 9 «see Note 3) 11. Round Specimens 1.1 The siandand 0.500-n, (12.5-mnm) diamewr round tes specimen shown in Fig. 4 is used quite generally for testing metallic matecals, oth cast and wrought. 11.2 Fig. 4 also shows small size specimens proportional wo the stendard specimen. These may be used when itis necessary to test material from which the s:andard specimen or specimens. shows in Fig.3 cannot be pregered. Ouber sizes of small round jens may be used. In any such small size specimen itis impocant that the gaze length for measycoment of elongation be four dmes ihe dfameier cf the specimen (see Note 4. Fig. 11.3. The shage of the ends of the specimens outside of the gege leng:h shall be ¢uitzble to the material and of a shape to ‘ir the holders oF grips of the testing machine so that tie loads, are applied axially. Fig. 5 shows specimens with various types fof encs that have given satisfactory results 12, Gage Marks 12.1 The specimens shown in Figs. 3-6 smacked with « ceater punch, secibe marks, muliple devise, or drawn with mk, The purpose of these gage marks is 10 determine the percent elongation. Punch marks shall be light sharp, and accuraely spaced. The localization of stress et the marks makes a hard specimen susceptble to siarting fracture at the punch marks. The gage mares for measuring elongation afte’ frectare shall be made oa the flat or on the eage of the at tension fest specimen end within the parallel section: for the Sin, gage length specimen, Fig. 3, one or more sexs of Sin, sory american 5: ery icensed by Information Handling Services ‘gage marks may be used, intermediate = length being optional. Rectangular mens, Fig. 5, snd round specimens, Fi with @ dou ‘gage Tengen speci . 4, ae gage markes cpoiated center punch or scribe marks. Ore or imece sets of gage marks my he wsed, however, ane sot ms, he approximately centered in the seduced section. ‘These same sprecaisions shall be observed whe the test specimen is ful 13, Determination of Tensile Properties (BI Wield Potu— Vield point is the firs: stress in a material, Jess than the matimum obyalnable sess. at which an incresse in strain oocurs without en increase in siress. Yield porat is intended for application only for maierials that may exhibit the unique cherzoledsiic of showing ax increase in strain without an increase in sess, The stress-strain diagram is characierized bby asharp knee or digeaotinaity. Determine yield point sy cne of uhe following methods: 13.1 Drop of the Beam or Halt of the Pointer Method—in this method apply an inereasirg load to she specimen uniform sae. When a lever and poise machine is used. keep the beam in balance by running out the poise at approximately & leady rote, When the yield point of the material is reached. the Increase of te load will slop, but run the poise 4 uifle beyond the balance position, and the beam of tne machine wil dro f. fa bse? oUt appreciable interval of time, When a machine equippee wih a load-indicating dial is used there is a aslt 0 hesitation of the load-indicating pointer corresponding to the op of the beara. Note the lend 2¢ che “drep of the beam” or the “halt of the pointer” and record she eomesponding stess as the yielé point 12.1.2 Auegrapkic Diagram Method—Waen 2 sharp- ineed siress-strain diagram is obtained by an autographic recording device. ake the stress comesponding to the top of the Jknee (Fig. 7), or the stress at which the curve drops asthe yield point 13.1.3 Toral Extension Under Load Method—Wnea esting miaterial for yield point rnd the test specimens may not exhibit @ well-defined dispropostionae deformation that charncterizes a Yiele point as measured by the crop of the beam, helt of the pointes, or aurographic diagram methods described in 13.1 and 13.1.2, 2 value equivalent te the yield point in its practical significance may be determined by the following meshoc and may be recontad as yield point: Attach a Clase C or ener extensometer (Note 4 and Note 5) to the specimen, Whea the load producing a specified extension (Note 6) i reached recoré the stzass carvesponding to the load 26 the yield point (Fig. 8) Wore ¢—Ascomatie devices are avslsble shat determine the oad at the spsciged imal cuiension without plosing 2 eree-amie curve Sach eviccs tony be aed if dtr accuracy hs been demons, Maipising calipers and ciher such devices are acceputle for use provided Lice fsectracy nes been demonsrated as equivaien: (9 8 Chass C extensomeze= Nore S Reference should be mace 19 Pracies © 83 [Nore 6—Fer steel with yield pois specified so: over 80.060 ps (859, MPa} an approprinte vale ft QDS invin_ of gage length For aloes thove 90000 pe thiy maihod is not velld walese the Leising to ‘extension fs ines ‘Nore 7—Ihe supe of the ini portion of an amiograpnicaiy seer twined srese-scsin (or a load-eloegaion) curve may be iflucnoed by fumerous factors such as the seating of the specimen in the grips, tne or Vesting and Materials ih A370 de to residual auessos ard the rapid ‘cave should he ignored wien fting a mnculis line such 2 tha vse 60 ‘Glenite the exlensionundersose sisi in the ne, 13.2 Meld Sirengih— Viele svength is the sress at witch a ‘aerial exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the pro- pontonality of stress 19 strain. Tho deviation is expresced in erms of sain, pereen: offSe, solal extension uncer luad, ex. Detemmire yield strength by one of the following metiods: Offiet Method —To determing the yield seength by the “ofiser method.” itis necessary to secure data (autographic ‘or numerical) from which @ siresestrain diegram may he drawn. Then oa the stess-strain diagram (Fig. 9) lay off On: equel 10 the specified value of the offset, draw mn parallel 10 OA, and thus locate 7, the intersection of mn with the seess-ctrain curve conespeading to load R whieh is the srength loa¢, In recording values of yield stengin “piained by this method, the value of off set specified or used, ‘c botb. shall be stated is parentheses aller the term viel srength, for example: Field suvngin (02 % effet) — 50000 pH GSOAI) — 1) ‘When the offset is 0.2 & or larger, the extensomete used shall qualify asa Class B? device over a suain range of 0.05 10 1.0%, If a smaller offse: is specified, it may de necessary to Sect’ a move accurate device (that is, « Class B) devies! of seduce the lower limit of the suiaia range (for examgle, 10 (LOL %) o both, See also Note & for aulomatic devices. 1322 Futension Under Load Method—Por tests & deter. sine the aecepuanes or rejection of material whose stcx characteristics are well known from previous tests of similar maienel m whieh stross-rmain diagrams were plotied, de (al sifain comesponding to the sizess at which the specified offset (see Now 8 and Note 9) occurs will be known within satisfactory limits. The siress on the spocimen, when this ct susin is ached, is the valve of the yield stengals In recording Values of yield sirengts obcained bY this method, the value of westension” specified or used, or hoth; shall be stated in nasentheses after the term yield strength, for exemple: Fld stengih (08% EUL)= 52000 Ri (SKOMPS The total strain can be obtained satisfactorily by use of a (Chess BI extonsomeres (Note 4, Nowe 5, aad Neve Nor &—Automitie doviees tre available tha ditennine office sid ssrengih without pletig a suesssraa eatve, Such deviaes ray be bed ‘Hibew sccuraey bas Been demonsinte. Nox The appropsiae magnitude of the extension usder load wel sSovously vary withthe strength senge ofthe pastel sto! usder tee. In general, the Value of extension oder loud appiieable to eel at ary Seng level may be determined fom the sum of de proportenal aan and the plasie sraln expected ai the specified yielé sorngm. The following equation is use -Extnsion under load nvin, of gage lengih = (ISIE) +7 (3) where specified vield siength, psi or MPa, modulus of elasticity, ps or MPa, and y= limiting plastic strin. inn, 133 Tensile Sirengih— Calculate the teasile seeagh by ividing the maximum load the specimen gustaing during 2 tension test by the oxiginal cross-sectional area of the speci 13.4 Elongation’ 14.1 Fi dhe ends of the 1d specimen together carefully end measure me distaice beween the gage marks to the nearest 0.01 in, (0.28 mm) for page lenpttis of 2 in. and tusder, end so tho nearest OS & of the gage length for gage lengths over 2 in. A percentage scale reading ta 0.5 % of the gage length may be ux’, The elongation is the increase in longth of the gage length. enp-ecsed os a percentage of the original gage lengih. In reserving elongation values, give born the percentage increase and the original gage length 13.42 If any par of the fracture takes place outside of the middle half of te gage length or in a punched er scribed mark within the reduced section, the elongation value obtained may ot be representative of the matecial. F the elongation so measured mexis the minimum requiemens specified, no further testing is indicated, but if Uie elongation is less than the miininaum requizements, discard che test and retest 13.5 Reduction of Area—Fi we ends of we frecused specimen tozether and measure the mesa diameter or the width and thickress atthe smallest cross section to the same acsursey ag the origizel dimensions, The dierence beween the sea thas found end the area of the original cross section expressed AG 4 percentage of the original area, i the reduction of area BEND TEST 14, Description 34.1 The bend test $s one method for evaluating duct but it canro: be considered as « quantitative means of predict ing service performance in bendine operations. The severyy of he bend is is primarily a function ef the angle oF bend end inside diameter to whick the specimen is bent. and of the eros. soetion of the specimen, These conditives are varied according 1p location and orientation of ine test specimen end the chemical composition, tensile properies. hardness, type. and quality of the steel specified. Method E 190 and Test Method 290 may de consulued for methods oF perfurmiag the 142 Caless otherwise specified. it shall be permissibie to age bend test specimens, The time-temperature eyele employed ‘nWSt be Such thatthe effects of previous processing will not be ‘materially changed. It may be azcomplished by aging at zoom temperanwe 24 to 48h, or is shoner time at moderately clevaid vemperatures by boiling ia water, heating in oil, oF in an oven, 14.3 Bend the teat specimen at room cempecanize 10 an Inside diameter, as designated by the applicable produc: specifications. 19 the extent specified without maior cracking fon the ouside of the bent portion. Tre speed of bending is ordinarily nov aa important factor HARDNESS TEST 15, General 15.1 A hardness tos ica means of determining resistance to penewation ard is occasionally employed to obiain # cuick approximation of tensile strength, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5 aze for the conversion of hardness measurements COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and materials Licensed b: ndling Services nL OU... hb as70 from ove scale to another or to approximate tensile strength, ‘These conversion values have bees obtained from compute: generated curves and are presented to the nearest 0.1 point 10 emit accurate reproduction of those curves. Since all con- vened hadness values must be considered approximate, how- ever, all convened Rockwell narcness numbers shall be sounded 10 the nearest whole number 2 Hearduess Testing: 15.2.1 If the product specification permits alternative nare- ness leuling to determine conformance Wo # specifies harness requirement, she conversions lise in Table 2. Table 2 Table 4, snd Table 5 shall be usec 15.2.2 When recording converted hardness sumbers, the measured hardness and tes! scale shall be indicated in parc theses. for exemple: 353 HB (38 HRC). This means mat a hardness valve of 38 was obtained using the Rockwe! C ©. £ ££ Be . 2 = os 8 2 8 oe 5 s 5 gt Tne ile grec tho approninane rlavvnlonslipo d Fardwes valine ad praca nnn ciaagih ol ses Wi peense Pareto of vous compostone seseeig ict i ova nna eat sr rsa hr a ee fn Th a i esate und or noses SOPYRIGHT American Society for Testing end Materials sicensed by Information Handling Services fb a 370 TABLE 3 Approximate Hardnese Conversion Numbers for Nensusteniis Steals“ (Roslavall B to ether Harsincee Numbers) ochwel Supe Haranoss Ses stroll knwo PsA Fagin F TET Sonn, S01 Sean 57 Sm Agpronincte glade VOR scones, pel Eo iit sg sag roca ap Namba Eo “alee MAG Bnond let d,ek eetg Bat Renee AAO Ea nA 1.886. (1.585. =n mjBel_nimigat_ syn) Sal 7% Se a a wa ea Tee = = z ae Be ES ne Ses, & = 2 an - mee ats nerea ° = a me 3 rt me o Se ms = 7 ae ence, @ a = = E ue 120 fo) = se = ie : toa seo, a or FA ze 08 mee, = se i = 3 Seo = o fe seo = 7 is 3 iie9 i is 3 ito ie is neo ie is - Bio, ‘2 oe z neces, is ms moles = im Triese, = ie rose = te Feleos ie te reuse a 2 Bios ‘* is lara sr te se = te BS ce 6 ms 2 is 0 2 is Bt we Bea = = = Ba fide = 1s ae er Stas, 5 ce St a Sato % & Pa es 5 esa = =e es sas, a a ue si = S 4 = me fo : a aa 3 z i s ay Pd = % ss a : = cs ma Be z = % ee re 7 x a me ies 3 5 a me Z 2 z ae as 5 : me te & et ca 6 ee mee « z a3 wee 3 o 2 =: sa @ - e 8 - S ee isa 2 es cr : x ea 73 S 2 ae wa S - 3 ma - 2 zi me ie s = ts ma 2 2 F ne 2 z = ne mo 5 : fe Ba = ne ne s : a Ba as COPYRIGHT American soc! Materials Licensed ky Informs cn Handling sevvices hb A370 TABLE 9 Continued 2 ona Aah Sage Ta Sew, ETE” Apna See fle, ge SS Ss my iy “ee Le ee a SS oo nie fie das oe oe Trae gs We appoarais rasa of ahem wes andapprcndajoras enon faa pubic el dono aoe copoatens ant FES ESAS iu ice areuuit at hard dwn mio: When more prose corcersnne tm mejor thay had! be developed pedal ler enc Sel TABLE 4 Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Auctenitie Stosie Reckwell C fo ather Hardness Numbers) Fis Siperioal Paneer Feckwell© Seal, 504g? Roehwel AStale SOK | SRE ES ESPRRATGRS CSECRA Von. TSSaa eee ES sole les SS deg a7 886 653 S02 % 3 Bes aa 5 236 ss fay 3 as ou aoa @ 510 bie 2 u 205, ear a5 2 5 Soe a8 3 190 ere sor Es od Ser 334 = ns Ee 3 a 8 340 aa 2 ies Sat Bsa Fa iss Ses ans a ra Sha Be 2 a ae. bot 2 ne are eee Fa wee a 2 Bt Bee 2 to Be a bed as DOBYRIGHT American Society for Testing and materials Lacenead by Information Handling Services ih A370 = sg 6 58. ee ss, American So andling Services for Testing and Materials ih a 370 TABLE © Brinell Hardness Numbers“ (Ball 10 mm i Dlaneter Appiad Loads ef $09. 1500_ end $000 kof ena Sos. sen sano OSES aaa. ea dour A Sa tam. So inca. GOT to tert foe it Ce en eed ube Lond ude ese Usa steed tee Sm te in me a ta Bs oe is fe am me na te ous ie ome me im ons a is te rt aia ie 10 Go ebm ee a Pr wea te ee amt Er pe te ta is xed me ae a tea te wt me bm bs as pa tr me il mba be se at tes te i me bee Bes a te i me fm ie ne 358 ae 1 m ge ae om ma et Bao an 1 mS & jm ge Ze i 3m ae ee jo Ss So) esa a 18 Sh rae Bt Sat 2 ie oie me fe ie ws Be ke bee & 12 is te ie om amo) me te Sm aa te fate fe Se Mt gs me i See ae te is te in re & te 2S ia on ee er) pra 1 So ia Soe iy oes is os Ser ord me 8 tae jos tem a 2 fe toe a ee ar) ae zp "wa ie ie es Bye ao own me Smog san ma tome be soe ose ark ma tS ote me ib @s i 0 ae fi me ae ma fsa iu S: is ge in & te ae fee tS soe us Gf ie as as Ss at oe ee iG be ie ©! we ge ar Ss Bo mo ts es is ote be ao G2 ie ge ay Si eee =o ake Bae Suooa we aoa tea te aS fs ms bo Sys om eae tee tee aa te 3 me Se Bi mt to sf vs ms tw es fo bo te Sh me Be Bl af te in 3s Sa ie eS fe ar te ms owt ee as ee ts S23 ge ee ee BE ei ta de oe iy BS Gt fee Br ies ee aa ee tS BE oa fe 23 @: iw fm We Bs bs eas a BS iS BS he i Bf gm ie Hl Bs ie eh lay aa ee io be ms fe ms 9) ia 5m Si im ca fe lap Bie ie 38h ig 2s on ie oe 73a ees cerials Américan Society for Testing and M: by Information Handling Serv gb a 370 TABLE § Continuss LE sto 15002000 chinaen 500 sono “4andorte- "Sec 1500- S000 raeres: at atk tan ith ower iat tg ead Uae Se fet) vs toe Len oid toms Uns te me me te ton Be Sat “8a aa mrs eat tee aS Sat io 74 sa te Sa mee Boo “koe 23 2 far fm #) Ma te Sas SOE soo 52? sess P5e ine Mo te ge ed or 8281 eens 8 Fae, 2 Bs > jn a fs ae So sara est 5 SP. tm Ra ma i aw mae Gee: Some ee ee a Sm Bs me 3 539 m2 Of 12 Gok? DOT Bea te Bs me i $4 i @9 1 Sos ss a omy of | ee oy Pat ce Bt mo Ye a Bo ©: i Go ss ‘er a En 23 3eo Be iy Ba me a 4 a Se tm bor ss es eee 2) Gi 22 Ms is sai Be se boe Se a] ee Sey Tae ce wi mo is $4 ws S23 ts 60 se 42 m2 En ie 366 fat i Be 7) We bas 7 BTS gtO 59 aes? Sew ew fe Ba 7S is Sas Ms 88) 6 8387S Fe fe BI 7h ie bar Bs vee 2? Ie tat See Tes 45 Be he Sas BS W606 2S Beem a0 SEO a ta BS fee 18 Sane Me 6 Si 83 «ec zo See a fs Be mei ve Eh wo Me 683i 82m?) Sse Tie “0 B32 MS 6 0739 DO ew Bra fae Bl Bi it ae ie us eyo go me ce e Sas7 i Bo ei te GBs Ma Gi) ws ty oa ewes Foe te BY Re 1 tee me Gls gS 89 DOE ie Ma ma te ae Ne ez ae 3s BO i BT et ta wee Noes ar 2 ad eee Ba ‘2 Bs ms ie ise nego > eget Gee 43 Ss Mer 387 12 6 oR ewes ee tes ae Res we He 6a 2s Popa Ett Ge ae is Rk he 188 mm 8984s Ss ws See BBE * Bt Rs Ms was mez) aS Qk ges Bee i Bie tae we Ho 627 e 0 Q2 Bea Ge Be Bar 2 Bo ha tae 183 Mo bao e Qi age eke fo Bb ons is waa Mo fee a a Bae ee Set Bee 30 Bsns te ae 38 tae 2 Seo So Ske Sm BT one te Bs Mo 6 2 @s Be ee 3 Sas ar fe As omits e ms sr ets esr) Su 4 ma aoa) jw ba ao hms Ewes sro “Prepared bythe Eagracing Nectar Sechan ile or Saran Tena COPYRIGHT American Society for Testing and Materials Licensed by Information Handling services i) a s70 TABLE 7 Percent Shear for Measurements fade in Inches Ris tile is setup for Sinks mensuremenis oF dimersions A sts Bi 100 shee 5 0 be tepomted when either A oF B is 240 ann [ oe [one am | oe [om om [os om] Oe a [os [oe = | & = >e|2|s | =)s |e & es |e er] ee |e | oe | at we | ft e 3: | so slalalszfiailsl|aln| @ & & | os ele fr] =z fa|n | a] a] a e = |e sl|rlulelelelelan| = = s |e plheilel|e@lelels|sa]o & se | & a) elalelalSs|ele) se 2 & | 2 ela las|alse|s)sala] oe B a |e ale lea|s|s|s|ele} s a =| 2 fe] ef se | & | so |e | a |e | s 2 a | ee |e | | x | aw | | a | | % se | 7 ale/e;la els |e|e| 2s 2 a | 3 elels] eis] s|ala| os 5 TABLE € Percent Cheer for Measurements Mad in Milimetras imsoions A and R. 100K: shear eta reported when Sither A or Bie aero Dae Danson A = ta oe a om mee a Py nw oe > oom mom me = 8 zo Ma ae Bom fT Be at oe ran & om je 1 7 6b SB 28 aad " 7 bh 1 S & of ne BB 52 ae bm ® BR ms og oR me oc ee ee eB 2 a 7 Be Pop om @ & ma Ss @ OR ed ho es Se Sw o TABLE $ Charpy VsNotch Test Accepiance Gntena for Varous Sub-Size Specimens Eis Wy ae Ea Ten tamn NSa neon Wass tenn ibe, WR Samm a Sae by Seam ae oh te o ee a eer ee 1 TF a 2 isa 2 Tey er = @ Ta 70 a = be = fal ft cr ° Bet ° i = be = Bal 21 u © ba a fan = Ba = Ea, fet 1 * il & i es ea = ol 3 tel 6 : ih 5 oe be 2 fa, : bs 5 tI a = Bo ” Os 0 ro ‘ 5 a a 2 he, 2 Bal « tal © : a a 2 fhe, ° bal a a1 . 2 el a %° ha 2 hy 3 : 2 4 2 > fet 5 EL i i 2 5 2 20 rican Society for Testing and Materials Information Handling Services TABLE Att Prnetioos for Solocting Tension Tos Non. | -horhar sections where iti by dhuaing the wtghe per in «ih A370 ie us de sine the crows by in “ach of spssimon in pounae by 02853 (warght of | in? of sash cr by dividing the weight por linea toot of poss Spocimene for Steel Bar Predusis ee By 3 (neighe of steel ins squats and 1 ong Trans Wasa im Tea ie Coes Tere) Unis Veoh Falssdaby din Enna THilracanes seaien oH St) moe lenin Ibnath ans aancox-netey 258 bs tue woe 1 fe) Fo seston, of iio 195. fil recused saci 10 24 ge ont use) © 1200-nm) gage era the tam wee stots (10109, pte 509) eo Ft seston by Bin. ggoe ene oes i res secon to 239, (Germ) oe eee ‘hra carci by ok (1Sby Snr) lengli end sesrratay 254 br at (spe lnath speciman tum ete 3 som ter epoemen wt se machne sane Bares, oy ah 13 ston swoon ‘Becton tom cartes ston fh ver 188 98) et section, oF mi 1 (8 me) wen hired secon ta? age lon 1 98) anaever oot by ein Ob mm gage ere ot (acre stantare aby Zin saa 3) Stem) gage length specinen fom me By 2h, gage eng soecinon fom mie. Wey tohecen cage and cate osomien “ray bem eg an ete 0! socson 0.5, a 8) FB coeten ay bin (203 nm) gage Jongh crmschine stanaars = By 8, (GSiey Shen gage nytt spoerr=n Moshe tanga 8 by 2. (13 by 54 fin sae ie see! ts iy esr curse ana centr 5) 3h Feces: Squars Hoaoaae, oni OSS Tae Sete 1 160038) one Ys 68) ane over Ta spain by Bh San) ae ERG one ete subiae speccne ul ion by 9: BC com) fogs gh oe She stuart ty Pn (3 By SH) [Gratin specimen tas err of aeeson (9) sagt eam ton kre Deacon aes tnd Wazinale sib-aze sechen Fe 5: Machine stance 1 1 9 2-oape lon spacmen er conor ef ost (a5) Machina ston by 2:0 (13 by 51-am gage long specimen frm midway Eomneensutace arom of se Snire ne Ful soon by bin BGT gage gh oc ore Wiledoced acion oo Eo) gage a aa pate lec species “sin Gs mm) wile (pasbe)—Sracmatly 25% les ha ak spawn wh by a-n- (23m) ae an 3 SOPYRIGHT american soci ‘Heersed by Information § =r oz: hp as70 TABLE A1.2 Recommeniied Practice for Selesting Bend Tes! Specimens for Stel Bar Products 1he fempts of alt specimens ts be net Now 2The edees of the specimen ay be rou shan 60. (199 ed 160 ras not exceeing the i. (1.6 ra ono) sin 0 ml nin by eka ot vor “ Fllacton ox rein tot by Un — DS SESS NORIO SOE Batween Persad Recommended Siro Up a Go) me Fanseaaa, Seer ee Nesta o 7 by i4in @95p 9.0m) sseeen oor ci Sate Gott are sae. 1 oF Ductile Materials TABLE A21 Wall Thicknase Limitations of Superficial Hardness Tact on Anos {for Stoo! Tubular Producto” (Seale (nein Ball Wai hones Oa) ear] 7s Panis resoninencadlora Gra wal Wicinane & Guway U ‘TABLE A2.2_ Wall Thickness Limitations of Superficial Hardness Test on Cold Worked or Heat Treated Material (cht Seale Diamore Penstator) Tat Taleo eT Tae ca) % 5) & Gi Sane over 038 5 7 hm Ponvioat an resemmenseafer 2 gvan wal elnece © grea ues ‘TABLE AS.1 Effect of Varying Notch Dimensions on Standard Specimens Specimene. RF () ‘Seeerners, fu (d) Spoeerers, (bE (A) Sabor wit sanded anewors, ea = 58 1080 = 52) 2s= 10 68= 18) ip of noch. GOsd in (28 amy 22 670 teas, (ese of note Gags nize ry 751 (018 Doom of roth, GOF7S 77 ray 763 (68 Deer ot ton Goria (hor nye 73s or Focucatbese o mah 050s 10127 mmf 723 RC) Regus atbase ol meh, O0%5 im (096% ami®§ 0.9 039 seca can i Materials by Infornatii TASLEAS.1 Corton and Alloy Steole—Natotial Constant 2 ‘fh A 370 on. Nultiptisation Factors for Converting Percent Elongation from ‘ein. Diameter by 2in. Gage Length Standard Tension Test Specimen to Standard v by 24n- and 12 by Gn, Flat Specimens TABLE AG.2 Amacaled Austenitic Stainless StosleWatcrel Constant 2 ~ 0.127. Mulliplicalion Factors for Converting Percent ‘Elongation {ram ‘zn, Olometer by Tension Test Specimen to Stancard v= by 2h. and Te By En, Flat Specimens Lcd Wey] tckron, GS * specimen soecman | Speen wae ry @ oe aso aa oso 0s oe - 2300 080 bars tis Coss Caw 1a one Bas 133 tore agro 095 1.825 os & Swecinen sescenen | Sore 2700 rebe one hee ore ‘sor ore Mee - COPYRIGHT American yy Testing and Materi Licensed by Infornat: Handling Services |. Gage Length Standard () as70 TABLE AL Recommended Values or Rounding Tes Data Yeu Font, ‘Wp 19 50 000 pa, excl (upto 50 Ks) 100 psi (0.1 ke rao Se ees eons mes Sethe ccsansne Biel Bent sian - “Tse ines ae na emivnion bet the funting ecre ie eam nemarcl rane french (7 ht = 5 = Round the mean damole of he Briel impression fo fe hearesi0 0s rm rl rate sareanonng Bs agus ren rosa tho fi wit are ay main avant orded vaio Pond Boca TABLE A101 Heat-Treat Record-ssentlal Varies Saam neeriae) ae tae 5 Ties Geos he Shea ala Sex nuebee Sanu osc ae ee ton tamace Woe Carica oF iging ER for Testing and Materials ng Servi; A370 = OF OU FIG. 1 The Relation of Test Coupons and Test Specimens 10 Rolling Direction or Extension (Applicable to Genera! Wraught Product), y fox Test: American soci Be ng end Materials dicensed by Infomation Handling Services fh as7o ‘Jest Spocimens Tor Various Typee of Forgings tn ib A370 Sundird Spaces ‘Sabuize Soecinen pare. “a Wid Sag rath Notes | ane) eiv= 0m ew=0z) gon=000 on0>ar0 0s ToTrenness vote 7) - css of rer sets tHe, min ee 4} * 1 * as a crerait ogi, in (Notes 2 20 5) 16 oo ° 200 Medeor ston in = ea Be ‘oo eALengh ef erp sacton, min (No &) 3 73 2 oo ‘Ses oF gp seaton apenas 2 50 * a cs 4 18 ed ‘Nom 1 For the Isa: (40-nm) wide specimen, punch mats for measuring efongatice afer fracture shall be reade on th dt er onthe eg ofthe species anc within the redoced secon, Ether set of fins or moze punch marks Tn (25 me) spat, of one of mere Pas of punch marks 8. (300 rol dpaet may be ee ‘Nos 2 Forthe isin. ()2.5mm) wide opssinen, gage masks for maawuring the olongaice ala retare shall be made cn the Yin (12.8 rn f 6 cr ic edge ef the specimen and within the reduced serine. Euhcr a et of tice er ore marks 1.9 in. (25 ms) apurs or one ee mow pair ef marks Fp. (30 ey apa may be usec, Nou $—-For the mee sizes cf specimen, the ends ofthe reduced section shall act elle in width by more dan 0.005, 002 oF 001 in, (010, 003 ‘0035 mm), respestivey. Als. there may be a gracoal erence in width fom the ends to the cenes, bythe wiethar ezher and shall net Be mar than (0015 in. 005 ie. or O00 im (0.40, 0.10 oF OOK am). tesrestivey, larger than the width atthe eect Now oforasch tpesimnen type: the rit afl flere shall he alto eaah eeher with lseense of 6 in (0-25 mm and tha centers of ceratire of tho two Gilets at» pardeular sind stl be lute sorom orn each ether (on line perpendicular (othe centerline) wihiastalerenee af O.10im (2S ‘Nom 3For exch cf the tes sizes of specimens, narower wicths( W and C) my be used when necessary. In such exses the wih of e reduced secuog should be a ange as he wigeh cf the material being tested permits; however, unless sated specially. he egugcreets fx elongation ina prod specicsien shall nt appiy when these narcwer species sre Oied IF he width of the material fs ess than W, the sides may be parallel throaghou: the tga ofthe specimen ‘Nom The specimen yoy be mscitiod by making the idee parle thrughour the length ofthe upteimen the width and cleraces being the ame 42 bone specified shove, Whien neseusary @arower spscimen ma be used, in which ease ibe wilh should be ws greatas the width ofthe material being ‘ested permits. Uf dhe wid is 2/2 in (38 mm) OF Les, He Sicas tay be parallel arcushou: the length of the species, "The Gmensinn Tis shethiknest ofthe les specimen ax provided for in he oppiesble material peciieatioes. Ninimay rominal thickness sig (s0smm) wide specimens shall he Ya an. (S mm). except as pemniled by the prevuet speiicalon, Maxicam oorisal thickness of Yun (2 Stn) and Vain (Gemm) wide specimane shell be Sin (18 mem) and v4 (6 mun). especialy Now $-—Toald in obusining axial loading during vesting of % in. (Gm) wide specimens. the ourrall length should be asthe mates will perm (9b is dexiable if pestle, so mae the leagh of da grip section args ensagh fo alow the specimen to extond ints tho ips s distance eal to two things or more of tie lengsn ofthe grips Ifthe tnickness of ie. (17am) wide specreens & over Yelm (IOmED) Longe: gps aN eonespencingly longer gaz seetns of tae specimen reay be nocessay to prevent falter te guip secuon ‘Nowe 16—For tindard sheec-ype specimens and suh6272 specimens ie ends ofthe specimen shall be symmetrical wih zh centerline ofthe reduced sect08 witht 0.01 and 0.008 in. (0.25 and 0.13 mm), respectively. However for ste! ifthe ends of the ¥ein, (12.5-mm) wide specimen are symmetrical ‘sits O05 in (LOmim) 4 specimen may be coneidered atsfactory forall hat relewe lening ‘Nor 11-—Fer aaa plate pe specimens the en ofthe specimen shall be syrareetcal with the center ine oF the reduced ection within 08 in (6.35 mys) excep fer fefereetesing in which cine ie ends of he apecimen shall be symrocirica withthe centr life of the reduced section within O10 ea mm FIG, 3 Rectangular Tension Test Specimens SOPYRIGHT American So and Materials cy for Tes by Information naling & aw a ee ae ae aaa wee sb = Tas Sed Sos ae Diameter (Noe 3) ome ss css 8 aml eos A irge ot reea! mcton Mk S = = = revste Nom | the reduced section ay have «fun taper from thers ward the enter. withthe ces not more tan 7 pes the center Gonvolling dimensica Now LI dace, the largts ofthe ced ection may be incrated 19 secommolate sn ettencametet of ny convenient gage len Reference for te metsurement of elongation ssould, novenhelos. be spascd a the inicatsd gaze Length "The gage length end flea sall bows shown bse the ene may he of any form to ft is elders ofthe tezing machine tw each « way hot se tout shall Desai (soe Fig. 8) he enero to Le eld in wedge geps tis Gasiwle, possible, 9 make ie engi 67 Whe gap Secon gre enous te allow ine spacimen to extenc ino the grips & disance equa :o two thd or more of he lenin ofthe vip. Nox 4—On the round specimens ix Fg. 5 and Fig 6 the fare lengins ave eqpal 1p ‘our mes the nominal dismete. 19 some prodaes spesiiations ‘caer specimensmay be provided for uc aniess the 410-1 raiots malatsned within dimensional isleraees. the elengaice values may notbe comparable {th thowe obtained fran the etandard tout speesnen Nos Ihe ute of specimens smiles than 0.256 ie. (625m) dismelir shall be racist Lo caves when the material to be Usted i of fnafEslene site 0 obi larger Specivess or wae tll pares apie to eu use fur aeplnee ese: Suallerspecinens iogibe sutable equipmie und greater Sule Sots machining enc tesang Tove 6—Five s2es of specersoflen used have diamecers of approximately 0508. 0357.0.252.0,160,and 0.113. the easo9 being to permi easy cslelatons of stress from leads. sine: the comesponting cross sectional areas are cqual er close to 0.200. 0.108, 0.0590 0.0200. and 0.0100 in Tespectvely. The when the acta ciametor apree with shoes value, the steens (or avengtho) nay he eampeed veing the smpie malipying 7 510,200, and 100, respuctvey, (The metric equivalent of thoes fined dlemters do not retin orreapondingly ecnvesion eroas aoulonel urea and reliplying facors) FIG. 4 Standard 0.9004, (12.3-mm) Round Tension Test Specimen with 2-n,(So-mm) Gage Leng end Examples of Smalr-size Specimens Proportional te the Siandard Spaciraens 38 ety for Testing and Materials formation Handling Services ma lU6hL:”: fp a 370 ane Speen ee man so aD E-Sprlonamamponmete 8 ee ae eS ne 3 eee i ray Rey RSS) dy RE ay uy ty oe Levon ot thous ane S . = z = = = © Now 1—The reeueed secton may havea gmeual uper from the ends towanl he enter with the eos nat Senor than the center ‘Nore 2—On Specimen 5 ic is desirable. if possi. to make the length of the grip section grea! enough allow the specimen to extend ine the pips 1 diaance equal tata thes er om of the length of te gripe Now The wie of ane chown sre applicable for she sandal QSDNLin round tency cote apweineny sinlar fynse can be sel foe cuheine specimens. The use of UNF pris of threads Qthy 16,4 by 20,3 by 24, and % by 26) in aggesed fo bigh-neengah biti aerial ta avoid Frctare ‘dread portion ¢ than 0.605 fn (0.80 my fper in FIG. 5 Suggested Types of Ends for Standard Round Tension Test Specimens 2 COBYRIGHD American Society for Tes ng and Materials formation Handling Sexvices =) COPYRIGHT American So hb A 370 Seen aanan ans Seana peaer ‘Sallbe saul wo grater than damier D cooana Ose soo W2se025" O75= 0018 B= 040 1252002 300 FR ot lt is 2 a 2 Fgh ot enc wecton rin 2 : a Be oa lenain min 8s 4 to oe te Season pproxrate & : 2 ws E_SStecir ot one encton.aperocass 2 3 te ELeage at snolon min e © ye Feutar a sateen x 105040 ete Bh S080 Pie ms Now 1 The tend sect the 1 and shoulders iimensions A, D, FG, and R) ell he shower, but the orm be of any town cit the ders of od shall he sini Commaly the ende are tveaded and have the cimeeion. Band C given above FIG, 6 Standard Tension Test Specimens for Cast ren al i [ Strain ° a ecified Extension Unger Load FIG. 7 Strees-Strain Diagram Showing Yield Point Coresponding, FIG, 6 Stress-Strain Diagram Showing Yield Point or Yield with Top of Knee ‘Strength by Extension Under Lose Methae 0 cy for Testing and Materials andling Ser = op © oem om: Specified Offset FIG. 9 Stese: Strain Diagram for Determination of Yield Strength by the Offse! Menod, A] pee ih A370 epee Si (eee eal ao mh rer) u fab Now 1_Permisste variations shall be a¢ follows Non engin ag Loegivdl ecamen €) Genter com) ‘og tc Racin och 085 mn (8009 Noe sep 2c: en (20.801 free Tie (26 yim on other two lip Seandare Ful be Sparen Nore 2—On susie specinics, all dinensioes apd tolerances of axe sanars specimen omuum consint wih tne exception oe ale, ich ‘aries as shown above and for which tbe toerance shall Fe =) FIG, 11 Charpy (Simple Beam) Impact Test Specimens [At reine frances eal be O08 rm (0.092 i) unis stn spect ‘signin O08 mm (02 in ISA shall be parle! to B within 2:1000 and coplanar with B Nove 2—C shal be parallel D within 221000 snd copter with D seit 0.125 sam (0008 In), ‘Now: $-—Pinish en anmariec pars shall be 4 ym (22S pin, FIG. 10 Charpy (Sirmple-Beam) Impact Test sopyRy aT american society for Testing \icensed by Inform Ty and Materials Handling Services ——— hp ag7o FIG. 12 Tubular impact Specimen Goniaining Original OD Surlace we eee. Cleovere Aree SY] 8 (anny) Se] 4 a Noss I—-Meanute average dimensions and 10 dhe nearest 2.02 in oF 0.5 mon Nom 2—Detemine she persert shear iastre gsing 1aie 7 oF lable 8 FIG. 73 Determination of percent Shear Fracture FIG. 14 Fracture Appearance Charts and Percent Shear Fracture Comparator a2 American Soe: sad by Tnformation Handling eater aa ba 370 FIG. 16 Lateral Expansion Gage for Charpy Impact Specimens American society for Testi Handling Services qh aszo mo® eee FIG. A2.1 Metal Plugs for Testing Tubular Specimens. Proper Location of Plugs in Specimen and of Specimen in Heads of Testing Machine an Society for Testing and Materials Information Nore 1The exges ofthe 10 sech other, FIG. A2.2 Location of Longitudinal Tenslon-Test Specimens in Tubes Sank forthe Specimen shall be eat parle Oneeee a Spacenen Ne = 5 Ta epaataly 2200 2 | separately 220003 sopra 22000 4 2 eprommatay 22 6a00 Non 1 Cross-seetona arse may be saloulated by multinlving A and Nov 2 —Thedimension rs ste cuness of the est spacimen at provide for f she appiioaie material specifications Nore 5-—The reused easton cal be patil within ODIO in and meay bave a gradual per in wid fone the ends toward the Gener: With the ends nex mote than O10 im wicer thas the een, Now The etds ef the specimen shall be sjmmetis! with the center ine of the reduesd section within 0.20 in Nowe $—Metie equvalent: | in = 254 mm, Now simens with sdes paral! throaghoat thls lengeh ave pemited, except fr referee testing, provide: () the above tolerances are sed (b) an edsquate number o! masksar- provided for determizatice of elongation: and c) whenseld srength determined 3 sutshls extenscmetr fe ueed the facture occurs a's dizance of eee than 24 fren the sage ofthe pripping device the tensile properios dered veay not be preventative of the maienl ibe properties mex te minimum magerens peed eo Shee eg inurl: but Uy eels nen th iar FIG. A2.3 Dimensions and Tolersnees ‘or Longytudlnet Stnp Tension Test Specimens for Tubing O = FIG. A2.4 Location of Transverse Tension Test Specimens in ‘Ring Cut from Tubular Products “s JOPYRIGHT American Society Materials for Testing am ensed by Informatisn Handling Services provi heve a gradual taper in wid fds noe mars dan 0.090 in wer hs ling ofthe seduced section within 0.10 i Non ¢—Metie equivalent: | in = 23 mm. FIG. A25 Transverse Tension Test Specimen Machined from Fing FIG. A26 Testing Machine for Determ! OPYRIGET fb A370 te Uimension ¢ 16 me Miskress OF WE tes

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