HISTORY REVIEWER:

CHAPTER 7 (CULTURAL CHANGES AND IDENTITY)

SPANISH INFLUENCES

Change in Filipino names

Filipinos had no surnames
Names usually the names of saints
Governor-General Narciso Claveria issued a
decree in 1849 allowing Filipinos to change
their names

Intermarriage
Filipino+Spaniard= Spanish mestizo (mestizo)
Filipino + Chinese = mestiza de Sangley
Pure indigenous were called Indios or Indias

Social Life
Revolved around the church because the friarcurate was the all-powerful
Church located best part in the town
Municipal building (tribunal) was located
beside the church where the gobernadorcillo
or capitan held office
Fiesta
always in honor of the patron saints;
give Filipinos a day or so of relaxation
activities such as moro-moro, comedia,
and zarzuela, carillo

Amusement
Cockfighting principal form of entertainment
Feodor Jargon Cockfighting as amusement
and gambling
Gambling were introduced from Spain such as
paningge, monte, tres siete, lottery, horse
race, and bullfighting.
Wakes were held with mourners playing cards
or with juego de prenda
Duplo - staged after the 9th day of the death of
a person.
Kind of debate bet 2 men or bet a
man (bellaco) and a woman (bellaca);
loser was punished

Changes in Clothing
Barong was loosely worned
Filipino male wear hats, capitan wear salakot
with a silver top, also wore a coat a long shirt,
and carried a gold-hitted cane symbol of
authority as captain
Filipinos wore slippers or shoes; poor,
barefooted
Women wore saya, tapis and patadyong;
camisa made of husi or pinya

The Mestiza Dresses

Camisa- upper transparent made of silk,
hemp, husi, or pinya
Saya or skirt lower part
Baksa supported by the shoulders made of
same as camisa

The Antillean Houses

Either a rectangular or square house made of
first-class wood like narra, ipil and molave
Roof made of either nipa or tiles
Azotea roofless terrace located either at the
side or back of the house
Banggera clean plates, cups are placed
Balcon sort of gallery where members of the
family could sit and look at the people passing
by

The Position of Women

Dependents to their husbands

Could not sell property they inherited from

their parents w/o husbands consent
Very obedient to their husbands
Lived to raise children; treasurer of the home
A Common Religion
Spaniards introduced Catholicism to Filipinos
Geographical Identity
Spaniards organized a central government
through the plaza complex
Central authority ruled the whole country and
Christianized Filipinos followed the laws and
recognized the central authority
The Influence of Spanish language
Filipinos who had contacts with Spaniards
learned the language; such contacts led to
adaptation of Spanish words
Printing and Engraving
Printing by woodblocks
Printing by typography
Tomas Pinpin Prince of Filipino Printers
Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay engraved the map
of Jesuits
Domingo Loag printed many religious books
Education
Primary and secondary schools were open to
Filipino-school aged children
Filipinos are allowed to enroll in schools and
colleges
Teaching method of Spaniards was very poor
Only the children of the ruling class were
educated
Impacts of Cultural Changes
Naming the islands after King Philip II as
Felipinas later become Filipinas is positive
Christianity deepened and enriched the
indigenous spirituality of people
Use of vernaculars by the priests served as a
medium of spreading the religion
Clothes, shoes and houses have advanced
style and comfort
Intermarriages of a male Spaniard and native
woman produced the mestisaje
Education was limited and kept the ignorance
for the long time
New ideas and educational opportunities
produced professionals and intellectuals
among the rising of middle class

The ports were opened for foreign trade and

increased the value or exports
NICHOLAS LONEY introduced the first
machinery that converted sugar cane into
refined sugar
These two led the rise of the middle class
THE RISE OF THE FILIPINO MIDDLE CLASS
Inquilinos tenants in the haciendas and their
families began to accumulate wealth as
exports in agriculture increased ; able to send
children in colleges in Manila even Europe
Middle class inquilinos belonged; group
below the aristocratic Spanish officials,
families and religious orders but higher or
above the masses (poor, uneducated)
Ilustrados highly educated Filipino middle
class
Insulares Spaniards born in the Philippines
Peninsulares Spaniards born in Spain
2 events foreshadowed: Tagalog Publication of
Florante at Laura in 1838, and Revolt by
Apolinario de la Cruz Hermano Pule in
Tayabas on 1841. king of Tagalogs
THE EDUCATION OF SOME FILIPINOS
Spaniards and Spanish mestizos San Juan de
Letran ,San Jose, san Felipe
Schools for women College of Santa
Potenciana, Santa Isabel College and Santa
Rosa college
Natives University of Santo Tomas
THE OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL (1869)
Shorter route and travel time bet Spain and
PH
Influx of progressive books and periodicals in
the country
Sanding materials from Spain to PH became
easy and inexpensive
Printed literature, magazines, introduction of
modern technology hastened the spread of
awareness of the happenings bet cities and
countryside.
Encourage many educated Filipinos to go to
Europe to continue their studies and prove
that they were equal of Spaniards.
LIBERALISM IN THE PHILIPPINES
GOVERNOR-GENERAL CARLOS MARIA DE
LA TORRE
o practiced the liberal principles
o showed democratic ways by living
simply
o administration was significant
because he abolished the censorship
of press, abolished the
flogging(beating) as punishment, and
solved the agrarian unrest in Cavite
The Return ofAutocracy
o Governor de la Torres administration
was brief
o Republic of Spain eded and the
monarchy was restored
o Rafael de Izquierdo ggovernor
general at this time, reversed all the
reforms of de la Torre

CHAPTER 8 (THE BEGINNINGS OF FILIPINO

NATIONALISM)

BRITISH INVASION AND OCCUPATION

September 22, 1762 British occupy PH and
seized it from Spain; Archbishop Manuel Rojo
is the governor-general at that time
Archbishop Rojo surrendered Manila and
Caviteand the British took over the reins of
the government
THE SILANG AND PALARIS REVOLTS
Spanish defeat opened the eyes of Filipinos to
the impermanence of Spanish rule
Diego Silang
o Rose a revolt in1762
o Successful at first and was able to
expel Spanish provincial governor
o King of Ilocos
o British was impressed and have
alliance with them but ended
o Killed by an assassin
o Gabriela took over the leadership
but failed for she was captured and
hanged along with 100 followers
Juan de la Cruz Palaris
o Led a revolt in Pangasinan on 1762
o demanding for the end of tributes and
abuses
o defeated and died
BASCOS ECONOMIC PLANS (JOSE BASCO Y
VARGAS)
To improve commerce, industry and
agriculture he encouraged the cultivation of
crops for exports like coffe, cocoa, sugar,
hemp, spices, cotton, and indigo
Development of mines that produced gold, tin
and copper
Offered prizes to those who excelled in
manufacture of silk and fabrics of cotton and
flax
Founded the Economic Society of Friends of
the Country in 1781
Established Royal Company but failed its
purpose of improving trade bet colony and
Spain
His efforts brought about economic progress
at that time
BASI REVOLT bloodiest uprisings recorded
LAISSEZ-FAIRE AND THE OPENING OF THE PORTS
Laissez-faire or let alone policy gave full
freedom to private individuals and firms to
engage in economic activities without much
interference from the government
King opened Manila to foreign traders