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According to the National Heart Attack Alert Program, major symptoms of a heart attack include:
Chest discomfort: This discomfort is usually in the center of the chest and can last for a few
minutes or come in waves. It can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain.
Upper Body Discomfort: This can include pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck,
jaw or stomach.
Shortness of Breath: This may occur before or in conjunction with chest discomfort.
Other: Some people may break out in a cold sweat, feel nauseated or lightheaded.
Prevention
Several health conditions can lead to heart attacks. These conditions include high cholesterol, high
blood pressure and diabetes. Here are some things that you can do to lower your risk of a heart attack.
Treat high blood cholesterol by eating a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol and high in ber,
keep a healthy weight, and get regular exercise. If in spite of your best efforts, your cholesterol
remains high, discuss with your doctor medications that may help.
Control high blood pressure with a healthy diet, regular exercise, not smoking and maintaining a
healthy weight. If after doing all these things, you still have high blood pressure, discuss options
with your doctor regarding medications.
If you have diabetes, be sure to keep your blood sugar levels under control. People with diabetes
have a heightened risk of heart disease.
Quit smoking and drink in moderation. Both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are linked
to high blood pressure, some heart disease and stroke.
Number 2 Cancer
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) the leading causes of cancer
death in men are lung cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer.
Statistics
In 2003, nearly 288,000 men died of cancer in the U.S., the second-leading cause of death for both
sexes. (CDC)
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death for both men and women. (CDC)
Ninety percent of lung cancer is caused by cigarette smoking. (CDC)
In 2003, 89,964 men died of lung cancer. (CDC)
Symptoms
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Lung Cancer
Nearly a quarter of people with lung cancer do not have symptoms from advanced cancer when their
lung cancer is found. While symptoms may vary, the CDC lists the following as common symptoms:
Shortness of breath
Persistent coughing
Wheezing
Coughing up blood
Chest pain
Fever
Weight loss
Prevention
While there are some people who never smoke and who get lung cancer, the vast majority of those who
get lung cancer smoke.
One of the BEST things you can do for your health is to quit smoking. See Smoke-free Illinois under
RESOURCES in the right-hand column.
Prostate Cancer
The Prostate Cancer Foundation lists the following symptoms:
A need to urinate frequently, especially at night.
Difculty starting urination or holding back urine.
Weak or interrupted ow of urine.
Painful or burning urination.
Difculty in having an erection.
Painful ejaculation.
Blood in urine or semen.
Frequent pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs.
Prevention
While preventing prostate cancer may not be possible, early detection does save lives. Discuss with
your doctor whether you should have a prostate cancer screen and look for the symptoms above.
Colorectal Cancer
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, many people with colon cancer have
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of all ages many unintentional injuries can be easily prevented. Injuries in this category include, for
example, injuries due to falls, re and impaired driving.
Statistics
In 2002, unintentional injuries were the leading cause of death for people ages 1 to 44 years and
the fth leading cause of death overall. (CDC)
More than 106,000 people died in 2002 from unintentional injuries.(CDC)
Men are more likely to die from a fall. After adjusting for age, the fall fatality rate in 2004 was 49
percent higher for men than for women (CDC).
Residential res accounted for 76 percent of re-related injuries and 79 percent of re-related
deaths in 2002. In this year alone, more than 401,000 home res in the United States claimed the
lives of 2,670 people and injured another 14,050. (CDC)
In 2003, 17,013 people died in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes, representing 40 percent of
the years total trafc deaths. (CDC)
Male drivers involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes are almost twice as likely as female drivers to
be intoxicated with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08 percent or greater (NHTSA 2006).
It is illegal to drive with a BAC of 0.08 percent or higher in all 50 states, the District of Columbia
and Puerto Rico.
Driving while distracted or tired increases your likelihood of being involved in an accident. Using a
cell phone, blackberry or other electronic device can be hazardous while driving and should be
avoided.
Prevention
Falls
The CDC recommends the following preventative steps for older adults:
Exercise regularly. Exercise programs like Tai Chi that increase strength and improve balance are
especially good.
Drink only in moderation.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist to review your medicines both prescription and over-the counter
to reduce side effects and interactions.
Have your eyes checked by an eye doctor at least once a year.
Improve the lighting in your home.
Reduce hazards in your home that can lead to falls.
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Fires
The CDC identies a few main risk factors for unintentional injury due to re.
Install Smoke Alarms: Approximately half of home re deaths occur in homes without smoke
alarms.
Double Check Safety of Heating Units: Most residential res occur during the winter months.
Drink in Moderation: Alcohol use contributes to an estimated 40 percent of residential re deaths.
Number 4 Stroke
A stroke occurs when blood ow to an area of the brain is interrupted by either a blood clot blocking an
artery or a blood vessel breaking. Under these conditions, brain cells begin to die and brain damage
occurs. Brain damage from a stroke can lead to a loss of abilities, including speech, movement and
memory.
Statistics
In 2004, more than 58,000 men died of stroke (American Heart Association).
About 700,000 people suffer a new or recurrent stroke in the United States each year and more
than 150,000 of these people die (American Heart Association).
About 5.7 million U.S. stroke survivors are alive today, many with permanent stroke-related
disabilities (American Heart Association).
Symptoms
The National Stroke Association lists the following as common symptoms of stroke:
Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg especially on one side of the body.
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination.
Sudden severe headache with no known cause.
Try this easy-to-remember test and Act F.A.S.T if you think someone you know is having a stroke:
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FACE Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
ARM Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?
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S
T
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SPEECH Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence. Does the speech sound
slurred or strange?
TIME If you observe any of these signs, its time to call 9-1-1 or get to the
nearest stroke center or hospital.
Prevention
According to the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association, leading risks factors for
stroke include:
High blood pressure
Tobacco use
Diabetes
Carotid or other artery disease
Atrial brillation or other heart disease
History of mini-strokes known as TIAs
High red blood cell count
Sickle cell anemia
High cholesterol
Physical inactivity
Obesity
Excessive alcohol intake
Some illegal drugs
Number 5 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Lung Diseases)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term physicians use to refer to two lung diseases
chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The diseases frequently exist together and both are conditions that
cause a blockage of airow that interferes with normal breathing.
Statistics
In 2003, 60,714 men died of COPD. (American Lung Association)
Between 80 percent and 90 percent of COPD deaths are caused by smoking. Men who smoke are
nearly 12 times as likely to die from COPD as men who have never smoked. (U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services)
Symptoms
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Chronic Bronchitis: Chronic cough, increased mucus, frequent clearing of the throat and shortness
of breath.
Emphysema: Shortness of breath and a reduced capacity for physical activity both of which
worsen over time.
Prevention
Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Take preventative steps by not smoking and avoiding
secondhand smoke.
Minimize exposure to workplace chemicals. According to a study in the American Journal of
Epidemiology, occupational exposure to certain industrial pollutants also may increase the chance
of developing COPD.
Number 6 Diabetes
According to the Illinois Department of Public Health, diabetes can refer either to a deciency of
insulin or to the bodys decreased ability to use insulin. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas
that allows glucose (sugar) to enter cells and be converted into energy. The bodys ability to synthesize
protein and to store fats also depends on normal levels of insulin. If diabetes is left untreated, glucose
and fats remain in the bloodstream and, over time, damage the bodys vital organs and contribute to
heart disease.
There are two main types of diabetes -- non-insulin dependent (type-2) and insulin dependent (type-1).
Non-insulin dependent diabetes, which usually appears after the age of 40, is the most common type,
affecting 90 percent to 95 percent of those who have the disease. Insulin-dependent diabetes, or
type-1 diabetes, affects the remaining proportion of those with the disease. Although this type of
diabetes can occur at any age, it most often appears in childhood or during the teen years. Over a third
of people with diabetes do not know they have the disease. This is why diabetes is sometimes referred
to as the silent killer.
Statistics
As of 2005, 10.9 million or 11 percent of all men aged 20 years or older in the United States had
diabetes (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates about 2 to 4 times higher than adults without
diabetes. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
Heart disease and stroke account for about 65 percent of deaths in people with diabetes. (U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services)
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Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults 20 to 74 years of age. (U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services)
Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, accounting for 44 percent of new cases in 2002. In
2002, 44,400 people with diabetes began treatment for end-stage kidney disease in the United
States and Puerto Rico. The risk for stroke is 2 to 4 times higher among people with diabetes. (U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services)
Symptoms
According to the American Diabetes Association, diabetes often goes undiagnosed because many of its
symptoms seem harmless. Recent studies indicate early detection of diabetes symptoms and treatment
can decrease the chance of developing the complications of diabetes.
Symptoms include:
Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Extreme hunger
Unusual weight loss
Increased fatigue
Irritability
Blurry vision
Prevention
Your risk for type-2 diabetes and heart disease depend on factors that can be managed (modiable risk
factors) and others that are genetic (non-modiable risk factors). Understanding and managing your
risk factors can help you avoid diabetes and heart disease and live a longer, better life.
Modiable Risk Factors
Overweight and obesity
High blood glucose
High blood pressure
Unhealthy cholesterol levels
Physical inactivity
Smoking
Non-modiable Risk Factors
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Age
Race
Gender
Family history
Number 7 Inuenza and Pneumonia
Inuenza
According to the CDC, inuenza (the u) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by u viruses. The u
can cause varying degrees of illness from mild to fatal. The u is spread from person-to-person in
respiratory droplets of coughs and sneezes. Some people, such as older adults, pregnant women,
children, and people with certain health conditions, are at high risk for serious u complications
including death.
Prevention
The best way to prevent the u is by getting a u vaccination each year. Hand-washing and avoiding
others with the u also may help.
Pneumonia
The Mayo Clinic reports that pneumonia is an inammation of the lungs usually caused by infection with
bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms. Pneumonia is a particular concern for older adults and
people with chronic illnesses or impaired immune systems, but it can also strike young, healthy people.
There are many kinds of pneumonia ranging in seriousness from mild to life-threatening. Pneumonia
acquired while in the hospital can be particularly virulent and deadly. Although antibiotics can treat
some of the most common forms of bacterial pneumonias, antibiotic-resistant strains are a growing
problem. For that reason, and because the disease can be very serious, it's best to try to prevent
infection in the rst place.
Statistics
Every year in the United States, on average 5 percent to 20 percent of the population gets the
u,more than 200,000 people are hospitalized from u complications, and about 36,000 people die
from u. (CDC)
Every year, more than 60,000 Americans die of pneumonia. (Mayo Clinic)
Worldwide, pneumonia is a leading cause of death in children. (Mayo Clinic)
Symptoms
The CDC states the u usually comes on suddenly and may include these symptoms:
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Take care of yourself. Proper rest and a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, along with
moderate exercise, can help keep your immune system strong.
Protect others from infection. If you have pneumonia, try to stay away from anyone with a
compromised immune system. When that isn't possible, you can help protect others by wearing a
face mask or always coughing into a tissue.
Number 8 - Suicide
According to the Mayo Clinic, men are more likely than women to commit suicide because they are
more likely to use deadlier means, such as rearms. Depression is one of the most important risk factors
in suicide. Unfortunately, male depression is under-diagnosed because men are less likely to seek help
and because men dont always develop standard symptoms, such as sadness, but instead are more likely
to experience fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances, and a loss of interest in work and hobbies. (Mayo
Clinic)
About Depression
According to the Mens Health Network, depression is the leading cause of disability in the U.S. In some
cases, it can be caused by a decit of the chemicals in the body that are responsible for maintaining
energy. Having a family member with depression also increases your risk and major life crises may make
it worse. Fortunately, in most cases, depression is treatable. If you are depressed, be sure to see a
doctor right away. Waiting will only make it worse for you and those loved ones around you. (Mens
Health Network)
Statistics
According to the CDC:
In 2004, more than 32,000 suicides occurred in the U.S. This is the equivalent of 89 suicides per
day; one suicide every 16 minutes or 11 suicides per 100,000 people.
Males take their own lives at nearly four times the rate of females and represent 79 percent of all
U.S. suicides.
Suicide rates for males are highest among those aged 75 and older (rate 36 per 100,000).
Firearms are involved in 57 percent of suicides among males, making it the most commonly used
method for men.
The number of deaths from suicide reects only a small portion of the impact of suicidal behavior.
In 2002, more than 90,000 people were hospitalized following suicide attempts.
Symptoms
According to the Mayo Clinic, people at risk of suicide may:
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kidney transplantation.
Statistics
According to the CDC:
More than eight million Americans have a major loss in kidney function.
Nearly 400,000 of those Americans require dialysis or a kidney transplant to stay alive.
The number of kidney failure patients is expected to more than double to 650,000 by 2010 because
of the growing number of people with undiagnosed or uncontrolled diabetes.
The demand for kidney transplants far outweighs the supply. In 2000, about 100,000 people
developed kidney failure, but only about 14,000 transplants were done.
Symptoms
Because kidney disease progresses slowly and may be hard to detect, it is very important to know the
symptoms. While kidney disease cannot be cured, your doctors can take steps to help your kidneys last
longer if the disease is caught in the early stages.
According to Life Options, symptoms to look for include:
Changes in urination
Swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, face and/or hands
Fatigue
Skin rash or sever itching
Metallic taste in mouth or bad breath
Nausea and vomiting
Shortness of breath
Feeling cold all of the time, even in a warm room
Dizziness and trouble concentrating
Pain in the leg, back or side
The CDC notes that many people do not know they have kidney disease because there may be no
symptoms until the kidneys have nearly failed. The only way to nd out if you have kidney disease is to
have a urine or blood test.
Prevention
The Mayo Clinic suggests these preventative measures:
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Privacy
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