ANSWER SCHEME FOR SCHOOL

ASSESSEMENT
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
PAPER 4 (962/4)
FIRST TERM

EXPERIMENT 1
Title:
Purpose:
Material:

Volumetric analysis -stoichiometry

To the exact concentration of a monobasic acid, HX
(i)KA1 is a solution of HX with concentration between 0.5 molcm -3
to 1.0 mol dm-3
(ii) solid sodium hydroxide
(iii) phenolphthalein indicator

Apparatus:

(i)one 25.0cm3 pipette and pipette filler

(ii)one 50cm3 burette
(iii)a 100cm3 volumetric flask and stopper
(iv) retort stand and clamp
(vi)one white tile
(vii) one wash bottle filled with distilled water
(viii) electronic balance
(ix) spatula
(x) 100 cm3 beaker

Introduction: The exact concentration of an aqueous solution of an acid can be

determined by titration with a standard alkaline solution like sodium
hydroxide solution.Sodium is a strong base and will react with
either a strong acid or a weak acid causing the pH to decrease
sharply within the range of pH 3 to pH 11.The pH range for
phenolphthalein indicator is from pH 8.2 to pH 10.0.Therefore it is a
suitable indicator.
Procedure:

Result

1.An empty dry 100cm3 beaker is weighed and its mass recorded
2.4.0g of solid sodium hydroxide is weighed accurately inside the
beaker and its mass recorded
3.The solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved with distilled and is
poured into a 100cm3 volumertic flask.Distilled water is added
until the volume of the solution reached exactly the 100cm 3
mark.The flask is stoppered and shaken.This solution is labelled
KA2.
4. 25.0cm3 of KAI solution is pipetted into a titration flask.
5.Two or three drops of phenolphthalein indicator is added and the
mixture is titrated with KA2.The readings are recorded in the
table below
6.The titration is repeated as many times as possible to achieve
accurate results.
(a)Mass measurements
Mass of beaker + solid sodium hydroxide/g
Mass of empty beaker/g
Mass of solid sodium hydroxide/g

D1
D1
D1

D1

D1

B2

(b) Burette readings

Titration no

Rough
1

Accurate
2

X1

X2

X3

Final reading/cm
Initial reading/cm3
Volume of KA2/cm3

The average titre value for the above result= (X 1 + X2 + X3) /3

Calculation
HX (aq) + NaOH (aq)

NaX (aq) + H2O(l)

No. of mole of NaOH = 4.00/40.0 = 0.10 mole

Concentration of NaOH = 0.10/ (100/1000)=1.00 mol dm -3
Ma Va / (Mb Vb)
Ma =
Conclusion:

The exact concentration of the monobasic acid, HX is

D1

Comments:

1.Small amount of phenlphthalein is added because it is also a

D1
weak organic acid
2.The end-point is reached when the colour of the solution changes
from colourless to pink

D2 is given for completion of experiment within a specified time

D2 is given based on the planning done by the student (detailed procedure and all the
headings of a report is given)
Maximum mark for skill B = 5 marks

skill D = 9 marks

EXPERIMENT 2
Topic: Volumetric analysis Acid base and redox
Purpose: To determine the mass of sodium ethanedioate used to preparation containing
sodium ethanedioate and hydrated ethanedioic acid.
(b)

(i)Correct readings-initial and final readings recorded in the correct spaces

and to two decimal places except for zero
(ii) Sufficient reading- as least two volume readings within the range of
0.10(0.20)
(iii) Correct average set correct difference berween final and initial
reading (minus correctly)
(iv)Correct mean - arithmetic mean for titres used/obtained to two
decimal places
(v) Accuracy difference in mean value between the teacher and the
student
Two marks for the difference between 0.00 cm 3 amd 0.30cm3
One mark for the difference between 0.30 cm 3 and 0.50 cm3

CR1

(d)

Same as in (b)
[Take the one which is the maximum for B marks)

B6

(e)

H+ (from H2C2O4) + OH- (from NaOH)

H 2O
Ma Va /(Mb Vb) = 1/1 a=H2C2O4, b =NaOH, Vb = 25.0 , Vb =xi

SR1

Mb=1.7/17 (Given KA3 contains 1.7g OH- per dm3, RMM OH-= 17)
Ma = 1.7 X xi /(17x 25.0) =y1
[H2C2O4

(1.7/17) X Vb /(Vb)

2H+ + C2O42- ; [ C2O42-] =1/2 X Ma ]

[C2O42-] = X y1
(f)

C1

5C2O42- + 2MnO42- + 16H+

10CO2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O
KMnO4(aq)
K+ (aq) + MnO4- (aq)
1 mol
1 mol
[ MnO4-] = [KMnO4] = 3.5 / [39.1 + 54.9 + 4(16)] =0.022 moldm-3
MaVa/(MbVb) =5/2

a=C2O4 2- , b= MnO4- , Va = 25.0 cm3, Vb =x2

Ma = y2 moldm -3
Mass of C2O42- = y2 X RMM C2O42= y2 X [2(12) + 4(16)] =z1 g

RMM C2O4 2- = 88gmol -1

C1

C1
22 4

(g)

[C 0 ] from KA1 and H2C2O4]

Therefore concentration of C2O42- from sodium ethanedioate
=[C2O42-] from KA1 [ C2O42-] from H2C2O4
=y2 y1 = y3

(h)

Na2C2O4
2Na+ + C2O421 mol of Na2C2O4 = 1 mol of C2O42RMM Na2C2O4 = 134gmol-1
Concentration of Na2C2O4 =y3
Mass of Na2C2O4 = y3 X RMM Na2C2O4 = z2 g

C1

(i)

% of Na2C2O4 =

C1

(j)

The reaction requires an acidic medium

mass of Na2C2O4
___________________
x 100%
(mass of Na2C2O4 +mass Na2C2O4)
=
z2
____________________
x 100%
[z2 + y1 (RMM H2C2O4)]

Maximum marks for skill B =5 marks

C1

skill C =6 marks

EXPERIMENT 3
Topic: Volumetric analysis Purity and stoichiometry
Purpose: To determine the purity of a sample of sodium sulphite

(d)
(e)
(f)
(i)

M1V1(I2)/M2V2(S2O32-) =
V1(I2) = x cm3
50.0cm3 - x = y cm3
[S2O32-] = 0.050/25.0 X y = z moldm-3
Or
M1V1 (S2O32-)/M2V2(I2) = 1/1
(M1 X25.0)/ (0.050 X y ) =1/1
M1 = 0.050 y /25.0
= z moldm-3
Mass of Na2S03 in 250cm3 = z X RMM Na2SO3
= p (gram)

(ii)
(g)

% purity of Na2SO3 = p /24.00 X 100 =

Maximum marks for skill B = 5 marks

skill C = 6 marks

EXPERIMENT 4
Topic: Reaction kinetics
Purpose: To determine the effect of temperature on the reaction rate.

(d)

1/t

T
(e)
(f)
(i)

Temperature increases, rate reaction also increases

Rate of reaction at 40oC higher than 30oC
Number of effective collision increase.Kinetic energy of the
particles increases

(ii)
Maximum marks for skill B = 5 marks

EXPERIMENT 5
Topic: Equilibrium and solubility

skill C = 6 marks

Purpose: To determine the solubility product ,Ksp, of MX2 and enthalpy

change of solution.
(d)

[ M2+] = 12.00/(12.00+ 4.30 (from exp 1: the volume KA2)) x

0.100 = a moldm-3

C1

[X-] = 4.30 /(16.30) x 0.500 = b moldm-3

Ksp = [M2+] [X-]= a x b = c mol3dm-9
(e)

CI
Ksp
Cannot straight line (curve)

(g)

T/OC

50
(f)
Construct the table

CI
C1

Temp(oC)

Temp(K)

1/Temp(K1
)

Ksp

Log Ksp

Plot the graph : Log Ksp against 1/T (K-1)

Log Ksp

1/T (K-1)
C1
y

m= y/x

=slope
C1
x

Using:

y= mx + C
Log Ksp = - H
_______ [ 1/T] + C
2.303 R
-m = - H / 2.303 R
H = m x 2.303 R
= + ve
= Endothermic OR

refer from

the graph (e)

When Ksp
increases, Temp increases
So, endothermic

Maximum marks for skill B= 5 marks

skill C = 6 marks

ANSWER SCHEME FOR

SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
PAPER 4 (962/4)
SECOND TERM

EXPERIMENT 6

Topic: Thermochemistry
Purpose: To determine the heat of reaction.
(i)

Heat released = mc T
=(30.0) (4.2)( T)
= (30.0) (4.2) T1
= n. Joule

(ii)
No. of mol KA2 (Na2CO3) = x /100 =a
No. of mol KA3 (NaHCO3) = y/84 = b
(iii)

H2 (KA3) = n / a X 10-3 = + kJmol-1

NaHCO3
H1(KA2) = heat released = mc T
= (30.0) (4.2)(T2)
=p
H (KA2) = p / a X 10-3 = - ..kJmol-1

(d)
(f)

Na2CO3 + 2HCl
NaHCO3 + HCl
(2) X 2
H3

2NaCl + H2O + O2
NaCl + H2O + CO2

, 2NaHCO3

H1
H2

(1)
(2)

Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

H3 = 2 H2 - H1
= 2(+ ) (- ..)
= .kJmol-1

Maximum marks for skill B = 5 marks

EXPERIMENT 7
Title:

Electrochemistry Faradays Law

skill C =6 marks

Purpose:

To determine the percentage purity of copper metal by

electrolysis

Material:

1.0 moldm-3 copper sulphate solution, two pieces of

copper plates, propanone and distilled water

Apparatus
:

Introducti
on:

Ammeter, rheostat, switch, power pack, stopwatch, hair

dryer, electric balance, measuring cylinder , beaker, sand
paper, connecting wires with crocodile clip.
Faradays first law states that the amount (M) of a
substance produced at an electrode is directly
proportional to the quantity of electricity (Q) that passes
through the electrolyte.
M
Q
And Q =I x t
coulomb (C)

where

Q = quantity of electricity in
I = current in amperes (A)
t = time in second (s)

The faraday constant, F is the charge of 1 mol of electrons

F = NA x e
where NA = Avogadro constant =
-23
-1
6.02 x 10 mol
e
= charge on one
electron = 1.6 x 10-19
[ state Faraday First Law and then F =L x e]
Procedure
:

1. The copper electrodes are cleansed with sand paper

2. The electrodes are labeled anode and cathode
3. The cathode electrode is weighed with the electric
balance and the reading recorded
4. 80cm3 of copper sulphate solution is measured with a
measuring cylinder and then poured into a 100cm3
beaker
5. The electric circuit as shown below is set up
6. The switch is closed and the rheostat is quickly set to
allow a current of 0.5A to pass through the circuit
7. At the same time, the stop watch is started and the
electrolysis process is allowed to continue for 30 minutes
8. After 30 minutes , the cathode is taken out of the
beaker and rinsed with distilled water.Next the cathode is
dipped into a beaker of propanone and then dried with a
hair dryer.

9. The cooled cathode is then weighed again and the

reading recorded
Diagram:
1.Correct diagram with all the apparatus
2.Electrodes labeled copper and electrolyte copper
sulphate solution
3.Components of the circuit labelled ammeter, switch,
rheostat and power source.
Result:

BD1
BE1
BC1

a) Mass readings
Mass of cathode after the experiment/g
Mass of cathode before the experiment/g
Mass copper deposited/g

BCS
1
BMC
1

(1) Construct table as above

(1) Readings of mass correct to two decimal places
(b) Calculations
Quantity of charge that flow = I x t =0.5 x 1800 = 900C
No. of mol of copper deposited =a/63.5 =b

C1
C1

b mol copper required 900C

1 mol copper required 1/b x 900=d C
% purity of copper = 900/d x63.5 % =

Conclusio
n

From the experiment, the percentage purity of copper =

e%

Comment
s

Percentage purity very low because[Students can give

reasons]

Maximum mark for skill B =5 marks

BT1
BDP
1

skill C =6 marks

C1
C1
C1
(2m)

EXPERIMENT 8
Topic: Qualitative analysis
Purpose: To determine the cations and anions of inorganic substances
(a) Pb(CH3COO)2
Test

(d)(i)
(d)(ii)

(d)(iii)
(d)(iv)

(d)(v)

Observation
White precipitate, dissolved in
hot water
Vinegar smell
White precipitate,
Precipitate dissolved in excess
White precipitate, precipitate
does not dissolve in excess of
aqueous ammonia
Does not dissolve in aqueous
ammonium chloride
Reddish solution
Chocolate precipitate formed
White precipitate (in
concentrated solution)
Precipitate dissolved in dilute
nitric acid
White precipitate

(d)(vi)

Yellow precipitate
Becomes orange solution on
adding dilute hydrochloric acid
Cation= Pb2+
Anion = CH3COO-

B1
B1
B1

Deduction
Pb2+ might be present
Ethanoic acid, probably
CH3COO- present
Pb2+, Al3+ or Zn2+ might
be present
Zn2+ is not present /
Pb2+ or Al3+ might be
present

C1
C1
C1

B1

CH3COO- present

C1

B1

CH3C00- present

C1

B1

Al3+ not present or Pb3+

present
Pb2+ present

C1

B1

C1

(b) MgCl2
Test
Heat a small amount of
solid KA2 and then
strongly
Add concentrated

Observation
No changed observed
White fumes

Deduction
B1 CO32- and
NO3- not
present
B1 Acidic gas

C1
C1

sulphuric acid on solid

KA2

Dissolve solid KA2 in

distilled water.Use
separate portions for
tests(i) to (iv)
(i) Add aqueous sodium
hydroxide and then in
excess
(ii)Add aqueous ammonia
and then in excess
(iii) Add silver nitrate
solution and followed by
dilute nitric acid
(iv)Add aqueous
lead(II)nitrate

Moist blue litmus paper

turned to red/white
fumes with
concentrated ammonia
solution

White precipitate,
precipitate does not
dissolve in excess
White precipitate,
precipitate does not
dissolve in excess
White precipitate,
precipitate does not
dissolve in dilute nitric
acid
White precipitate

Maximum marks for skill B=5 marks,

evolved
probably HCl
gas,Clpresent

B1 Ba2+, Ca2+ or
Mg2+ might
be present
B1 Mg2+

C1

B1 Cl- present

C1

B1 Cl- present

C1

skill C=6 marks

EXPERIMENT 9
Topic: Qualitative analysis
Purpose: To determine the cations and anions of inorganic salts
(a) To identify two cations
Tes
t

(i)

(ii)

Observation

Deduction

White precipitate, dissolved in

excess
On heating, gas evolved turned
moist red litmus paper to blue/
white fumes with hydrogen chloride
vapour
No changes observed

(iii)
(iv)

Yellowish orange precipitate

No precipitate
White precipitate when heated
(v)
White precipitate
On heating , gas evolved turned
moist red litmus paper to blue
Cations: Al3+ and NH4+

B1

Zn2+, Al3+ or Pb2+ might be

present
Gas NH3 evolved. NH4+
present

B1

Pb2+ not present or Zn2+ or

Al3+ might be present
Al3+ present
Al3+ present

B1
B1
B1

Al3+ present
Gas NH3 evolved
Gas NH4+ present

(b) I- and NO3Test

1. Add concentrated
sulphuric acid on solid KA2
and then heat

D
2

Observation
Chocolate fumes
Purple fumes evolved
when heated

B
1

Deduction
NO2 gas
NO2-, NO3present
Iodine
vapours

I- probably
present
2. Dissolved solid KA2 in
distilled water. Use
separate portions for tests
(i) to (iv)
2.(i) Add aqueous Pb(N03)2
and then heat and then
cool it.

D
2

2(ii)Add aqueous NaOCl

and then CCl4
2.(iii) Add Devardas alloy

D
2
D
2

2(iv) Add dilute sulphuric

acid, iron(II) sulphate and
then concentrated
sulphuric acid
2(v) Add FeCl3 and heat

Y ellow precipitate
dissolved when heated.
Yellow crystals formed
when cooled
The lower organic layer
is purple in colour
An irritating ammonia
smell

B
1

I- present

B
1
B
1

I- present

D
2

Brown ring formed

B
1

D
2

No changes

B
1

D
2

Maximum marks for skill B = 5 marks

skill D = 9 marks

NH3 gas
NO2- and NO3NO3- or NO2present
NO2- not
present

EXPERIMENT 10
Topic: Technique-Synthesis
Purpose:To determine the percentage of aliminium in a sample X by means
of the preparation of a complex compound of aluminium with 8hydroxyquinoline
(a)
(b)

(i
)
(ii)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

Reading
(i) Two decimal places
(ii) Correct spaces
(iii) Minus correct

BDP1
BCS1
BMC1

Total 3 + 3 = B6
To make sure the reaction goes to completion and the
maximum amount of precipitate is obtained
The solubility of the complex is low in cold water/The complex
does not dissolve and be lost
Repeat the drying process in the oven until a constant mass is
obtained
RMM=459.0
Mass of Al / RMM x 100% = y
Mass of precipitate/ Mass of sample X x y =

Maximum marks for skill B =5 marks

skill C = 6 marks

C1
C1
C1
C1
C1
C1

ANSWER SCHEME FOR

SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
PAPER 4 (962/4)
THIRD TERM

EXPERIMENT 11
Topic:

Qualitative analysis

Purpose: To study the reactions of alcohols and carbonyl compounds

Test on KA1 (alcohol)
Test

(d)
(e)

Observation
2 layers are formed
Fruity smell
Purple colour decolourises
Yellow precipatate formed

Deduction
Probably alcohol
Primary alcohol too
Confirm alcohol, CH3-CHI
OH

Test on KA2 (Propanal)

Test
(f)

Observation
Yellow/ orange precipitation

(g)

Brick red precipitate formed

(h)

Silver mirror or precipitate

formed

(i)
(j)

Purple colour decolourises

No yellow precipitate formed

Deduction
Ketones or aldehyde
(ethanal) present
Aliphatic aldehyde
present
Aldehyde , CH3 C H
presnt
II
O
Aldehyde present
No CH3-C-H
II
O

To separate test on KA3 ( Propanone)

Test
(k)

Observation
Yellow orange precipitate

(l)

No brick red precipitate or no

observeable change
No silver mirror formed
Purple colour unchanged or
purple colour remain

(m)
(n)
(o)

Yellow precipitate formed

Deduction
Carbonyl group, C=O
present
No aldehyde present
No aldehyde present
Confirm ketones, -C=O
present or no aldehyde
present
CH3-C=O present
I
H

Test on KA4 (Ketones )

Test
Observation
Test using DNP
Dissolve about 0.5cm3 or 50mg
Yellow orange
3
of KA4 in 2 cm 95% ethanol. Add precipitate
2 to 3 drops of this mixture into
the test tube containing 3 cm3 of
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
reagent. Shake the tube and
observe the formation of any
precipitate. If no precipitate forms
immediately allow the mixture to
stand for 5-10 minutes.

Deduction

Tollens reagent
Add 2-3 drops or 0.1g of KA4 to
be tested to the freshly prepared
Tollens reagent.Shake the tube
slowly and note the formation of
silver mirror or precipitate.If there
is no precipitate after 10 minutes,
warm the mixture in a water bath
at 30oC for 5 to 10 minutes

No silver mirror
formed

No aldehyde
present

KMnO4/H+
Add 1-2 drops of acidified
potassium manganate (VII) to 2
cm3 of KA4 and heat gently.

Purple colour
unchanged (purple
colour remain)

Confirm ketones,
-C=O present or
no aldehyde
present

Carbonyl group,
-C=O present

Iodoform test
At least 3 test is done

Maximum marks for skill B = 5 marks

skill C = 6 marks

EXPERIMENT 12
Topic: Qualitative analysis
Purpose: To study the reactions of organic nitrogen compounds (amides and
amines)
Test on KA1
Tes
t

(i)

Observation

Deduction

Does not dissolve or undissolved

Neutral or amide
probably present

Green colour remain

(ii)
(d)
(e)

No changes or no observeable
change
If brown gas evolved(no
reaction)

Amide present
HNO2
Ammonia gas

If smell gas detected (have

reaction)
(f)
(g)
(i)

If vinegar smell
Vinegar smell
Vinegar smell

Amide present
Amide present

Vinegar smell

Amide

(ii)
.
Identify KAI: - C =O ; write the functional group of amide, ethanamide
II
NH2
Test on KA2
Tes
t
(h)
(i)
(j)

Observation

Deduction

Green change to blue

2 layers solution formed
Bubble of gas

(k)

No precipitate formed (no

changes)

Base present
Amine present
Nitrogen gas (N2)
present
No aromatic amine or
aliphatic amine present
or primary amine
present

Identify KA2 = 1- Butanamine/primary amine

Maximum marks for skill B= 5 marks

skill C= 6 marks

EXPERIMENT 13
Topic: Technique -Synthesis
Purpose: To prepare a sample of 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic acid

(d)
(e)
(f)

Electrophilic substitution
Formation of the phenoxide ion ,C6H5 OTo prevent the decomposition of diazonium salt
No of mol of X = 3.4 /137 =0.0248 mol
, RMM
C6H4COOH=137

C1
C1
C1
C1

From equation,
1 mol reactant formed
So 0.0248 mol

(g)

1 mol product
0.0248 mol

Mass = 0.0248 x RMM C6H4COOHN2C6H4OH

= 0.0248 X 242
= 6.0016g

C1

Percentage of 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic acid

C1

= Mass obtained/ 6.0016 x 100

=
%
Maximum marks for skill B = 5 marks

skill C = 6 marks