ME

ESE-2016 : TEST SERIES

UPSC Engineering Services Examination

Answer Key & Solutions

OFFLINE
MODE

Subjectwise Test 1 : Objective

Thermodynamics and I.C. Engines
A N S W E R KEY

1. (c)

16. (c)

31. (c)

46. (a)

2. (b)

17. (b)

32. (b)

47. (a)

3. (c)

18. (d)

33. (a)

48. (d)

4. (a)

19. (d)

34. (a)

49. (a)

5. (a)

20. (d)

35. (a)

50. (a)

6. (a)

21. (c)

36. (d)

51. (a)

7. (b)

22. (d)

37. (a)

52. (d)

8. (d)

23. (a)

38. (d)

53. (c)

9. (d)

24. (b)

39. (d)

54. (a)

10. (b)

25. (b)

40. (b)

55. (d)

11. (a)

26. (a)

41. (b)

56. (a)

12. (b)

27. (b)

42. (a)

57. (d)

13. (c)

28. (a)

43. (a)

58. (b)

14. (b)

29. (b)

44. (b)

59. (d)

15. (d)

30. (a)

45. (a)

60. (c)

10

ESE-2016 : TEST SERIES

MECHANICAL ENGG.
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS

1.

(c)
An isolated system is either of the following:
1. a physical system so far removed from other systems that it does not interact with them.
2. a thermodynamic system enclosed by rigid immovable walls through which neither matter nor energy
can pass.

3.

(c)

cp
cv
T
p
R

= 1 kJ/kgK
= 0.75 kJ/kgK
= 27C = (27 + 273) K = 300 K
= 1 bar = 100 kPa
Gas constant:
= cp cv
= 1 0.75 = 0.25 kJ/kgK
Applying equation of state in term of density,
p = R T
100 = 0.25 300
1 = 0.75
=

or
4.

(a)
We know that,
If

or

1F
1F
1.8C + 32
0.2C

or

1
10
=
= 1.33 kg /m 3
0.75 75

=
=
=
=

1.8C + 32
2C
2C
32

1C =

32
= 160
0.2

At 160C,
F = 1.8C + 32
= 1.8 160 + 32
= 320
11.

(a)

V1 = 20 m/s
V2 = 200 m/s
Steady flow energy equations,

h1 +

V12
V2
= h2 + 2
2
2

h1 h2 =
cp (T1 T2) =

Copyright:

V22 V12
2
(200) 2 (20)2
2
www
.madeeasy
.in
www.madeeasy
.madeeasy.in

11

Test 1 (Obj) : Thermodynamics & IC Engines

40000 400
= 19800
2
8
C
19.8
8C
T1 T2 = 19.

1000 (T1 T2) =

or
12.

(b)
1st law of thermodynamic for process,
Q = dU + W
For adiabatic process,
W = dU
Adiabatic work is equal to change in internal energy. The internal energy is point function. Thus, adiabatic
is also point function.

13.

(c)

W = 40 kJ/kg
Q = 80 kJ/kg
According to first low of thermodynamic for process,
Q = U + W
80 = U 40
or
U = 80 + 40 = 40 kJ/kg
Thus, the internal energy of the system decreases by 40 kJ/kg.
14.

(b)

p = pressure of air
d = 240 mm = 0.24 m
x = 60 cm = 0.6 m
k = 2 kN/m = 2000 N/m
m = 40 kg
Balancing the forces acting on the piston,
pA = k x + mg
Let

kx

W = mg

pA

2
d = k x + mg
4

3.14
(0.24) 2 = 2000 0.6 + 40 9.81
4
p = 35217 Pa = 35.21 kPa
This is gauge pressure, so the absolute pressure is
pabs = p + patm
= 35.21 + 101 = 136.21 kPa

136 kPa
p

16.

(c)
Given data:

Q1
T1
W
Q2
T2
Copyright:

=
=
=
=
=

100 kJ
30C = (273 + 30) K = 303 K
7 kJ
93 kJ
10C = (273 + 10) K = 283 K
www
.madeeasy
.in
www.madeeasy
.madeeasy.in

12

ESE-2016 : TEST SERIES

Actual efficiency:
Carnot efficiency:

MECHANICAL ENGG.
=

W
7
=
= 0.07 = 7%
Q1 100

T
283
Carnot = 1 2 = 1
T1

303

= 1 0.9339 = 0.0661 = 6.61%

As Carnot < , it violates the second law of thermodynamics.
17.

(b)
Given data:
J
W = 1 kWh = 1 k h
s

= 1 3600

kJ
h
s

Q 1 hr = 3600 s

= 3600 kJ
U = 5000 kJ
According to first law of thermodynamics,
Q = dU + W
= 5000 3600 = 8600 kJ
22.

(d)

T1 = 300 K

T2 s = 575 K

2
2s

T2 = 600 K
Efficiency of compressor:

23.

c =

( T )isen
( T )act

c =

T2s T1 575 300

=
T2 T1 600 300

275
= 0.9166 ; 91.7%
300

=
=
=
=

27C = (27 + 273) K = 300 K

10C = (10 + 273) K = 283 K
10 kW
9900 kJ/min

(a)

T1
T2
W
Q2

By energy balance, we get

Copyright:

Q1

9900
kJ/s = 165 kW
=
60
= W + Q2
= 10 + 165 = 175 kW

T1
Q1
HE

W
Q2

T2

www
.madeeasy
.in
www.madeeasy
.madeeasy.in

13

Test 1 (Obj) : Thermodynamics & IC Engines

Efficiency:

Carnot efficiency :

W
10
=
= 0.571 = 5.71%
Q1 175

Carnot = 1 T2 = 1 283 = 1 0.9433

T1

300

= 0.0567 = 5.67 %
Since, the actual efficiency of heat engine is more than the Carnot efficiency, so the heat engine is impossible.
24.

(b)

T2 = 20C = (20 + 273) K = 293 K

T1 = 200C = (200 + 273) K = 473 K
W = 10 kW

T
293
Carnot = 1 2 = 1
= 1 0.6194 = 0.3806
T1

Carnot

0.3806 =

or

Q1 =

also

Q1
HE

473

W
=
Q1

also

T1

10
Q1

W
Q2

T2
Carnot engine

10
= 26.27 kW
0.3806
= W + Q2

Q1
26.27 = 10 + Q2

Q 2 = 26.27 10
= 25.27 kW or kJ/s
25.

(b)
(1) The boiling point of water is 100C only at 1 bar or 101.325 kPa pressure. If the pressure conditions
change, the corresponding saturation temperature shall be boiling point of water. As the saturation
pressure value increases, saturation temperature also increases.
(2) The triple point temperature of water is 273.16 K
(3) The critical temperature of water is 374.15C
(4) The density of water at 25C is 997 kg/m3

Copyright:

www
.madeeasy
.in
www.madeeasy
.madeeasy.in

14
27.

ESE-2016 : TEST SERIES

MECHANICAL ENGG.

(b)

s2 s1 = cv ln
But

T2
V
+ R ln 2
T1
V1

T2V2n 1 = T1 V1n 1
V2
V1

T n 1
= 1
T2

for polytropic process

1

T
T n 1
s2 s1 = cv ln 2 + R ln 1
T1
T2

= cv ln

T2
T
R
T2
T
R
ln 1
ln 1 = cv ln (
+
T1
n 1) T2
T1 n 1 T2

R T2

= cv n 1 ln T

1
R
cv = 1

But

T2
R T2
R
R
R
s2 s1 = 1 n 1 ln T = 1 n 1 R ln T

1
1
T2
n 1 +1
=
R ln
(
)
1
n
1
T1

(
)

s2 s1 =

(n ) R lnT2
( 1) (n 1) T1
(n ) R lnT2
( 1) (n 1) T1

T1 V1n 1 = T2 V2n 1

V1
V
2

n 1

s2 s1 =
=
=

S1 S2 =

Copyright:

T2
T1

(n )R ln V1 n1 = (n )R (n 1) ln V1
V2
( 1) (n 1)
( 1) (n 1) V2
(n ) R ln V1
( 1) V2
(n ) R V2
ln
( 1) V1
( n ) m cv l n

= ( n )

V
ln 2 = ( n ) cv ln 2
1 V1
V1

V2
V1

www
.madeeasy
.in
www.madeeasy
.madeeasy.in

Test 1 (Obj) : Thermodynamics & IC Engines

28.

(a)
The pure substance may exist in one or more phases.

29.

(b)
Absolute zero temperature is non-attainable.

32.

(b)

15

W u = W Wsurr.
For steady flow process,
Wu = W

Wsurr = 0
33.

(a)
It is important to note that the exergy or availability of a system is either positive or zero, never
negative.

36.

(d)
Given data:
Number of cylinder:
Bore:
Stroke:
Total clearance volume:

x
d
l
Vc

=
=
=
=

Swept volume of each cylinder =

=
Total swept volume:
Total volume:

Vs =
V =
=
=

Compression ratio:

r =

6
17 cm
30 cm
9225 cm3
2
d l
4
3.14
(17) 2 30 = 6805.95 cm3
4
6 6805.95 = 40835.7 cm3
Vc + Vs
9225 + 40835.7
50060.7 cm3
V
50060.7
=
= 5.4
Vc
9225

39.

(d)
All the other three reasons are responsible for increasing the knocking tendency in SI engine.

50.

(a)
Advances in material technology allow for engine components to operate at much higher temperatures
without mechanical or thermal failure. This is because of better heat treating and alloying of metals and
advancements in ceramics and composites.

51.

(a)

Pm =

ad
5.5 104
k =
147
0.06
ld

= 1.35 MPa

Copyright:

www
.madeeasy
.in
www.madeeasy
.madeeasy.in