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Objective ?
The objective of this lecture
is to discuss the limbic
cortex; differences between
limbic and neocortex; reward
and punishment centres in
the brain and the connections
of the limbic system with the
hypothalamus
The Human
Brain :
MolecularPhysiologyoftheRewardPathway
DopamineBindingattheNeuronLevel.
The primary neurotransmitter of the reward pathway is dopamine.
Serotonin, Endogenous opiates, as well as GABA also modulate dopamine levels in the brain reward
pathway.
MolecularPhysiologyofthePunishmentPathway
Limbic system
Limbic System mainly includes:
1.Limbic lobe (the cingulate gyrus & the
hippocampel gyrus.),
2.Some parts of Olfactory Cortex & The
parahippocampal gyrus,
3.Hippocampus,
4.Amygdala,
5.Mamillary bodies (Hypothalamus)
6.Anterior nucleus of thalamus.
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Limbic system
Supports a variety of functions including:
Emotion,
Behavior,
Long term memory, and
Olfaction
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Limbic system
The components of the limbic system
located in the cerebral cortex generally
have fewer layers than the classical 6layered Neocortex, and are usually
classified as Allocortex or archicortex.
The limbic system includes many
structures in the cerebral pre-cortex and
sub-cortex of the brain. The term has
been used in psychiatry and neurology.
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Limbic lobe
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Functions
Emotional brain
Emotional and motivational aspects of
behavior.
Provides emotional component to
learning
process:
Especially the amygdala.
Amygdala
Large nuclei in temporal lobe.
Afferents:
Olfactory tract
Solitary nucleus
Parabrachial nucleus
Limbic neocortex:
Cingulate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Amygdala Connections
Cerebral cortex
Stria
Olfactory system
terminalis
Thalamus
Brainstem reticular formation
Hypothalamus
AMYGDALA
Ventral Amygdalofugal
fibers
Amygdala Inputs
Olfactory
System
Temporal Lobe
(associated with visual,
auditory, tactile senses)
AMYGDALA
Corticomedial Nuclear
Group
Basolateral Nuclear
Group
Central Nucleus
Amygdala Outputs
Stria Terminalis
Septal Nuclei
Hypothalamus
AMYGDALA
Corticomedial Nuclear
Group
Basolateral Nuclear
Group
Central Nucleus
Nuclei of
ANS
Ventral
Amygdalofugal
Fibers
Ventral
Amygdalofugal
Fibers
Hippocampus
Any sensory stimulus will go to the hippocampus
,and from there to the Thalamus, hypothalamus and
other limbic structures through FORNIX.
Stimulation of hippocampus can cause pleasure,
rage, sex drive etc.
Important feature of hippocampus is that it creates
prolonged response
It has only three layered cortex.
It has role in learning and memory
KLUVER - BUCY
SYNDROME
1937.
Features:
1.Docility
2.Hypersexuality
3.Hyperphagia
4.Manipulation & oral exploration
5.Visual agnosia.(Visual agnosia is an
impairment in recognition of visually presented
objects.)
Summery:
Summery con:
Thank u