HEATTRANSFER

LOGMEANTEMPERATUREDIFFERENCE(LMTD)METHOD

Therateofheattransferisaheatexchangercanbeexpressedas

qUATm
WhereTmisthelogmeantemperaturedifferencegivenas

Tm

T1T2
T1
ln

ParallelFlowHeatExchanger

HEATEXCHANGER
METHOD

LMTD

CounterFlowHeatExchanger

MultipassandCrossflowheatexchangers
Intheseheatexchangers,thecorrectionfactorisusedwherethelogmean
temperaturedifferenceisexpressedas

T FT
lm

lm,CF

Fisthecorrectionfactor

Tlm,CFisthelogmeantemperaturedifferenceforacounterflowheatexchanger
Tlmistheactuallogmeantemperaturedifference
ThecorrectionfactorisdeterminedfromchartsinFigure1318

HEATEXCHANGER
METHOD

LMTD

Figure1318CorrectionfactorFchartsforcommonshellandtubeandcrossflow
heatexchangers(fromBowman,Mueller,andNagle)

HEATEXCHANGER

LMTDMETHOD

Questions
1. Steaminthecondenserofapowerplantistobecondensedatatemperature
of30Cwithcoolingwaterfromanearbylake,whichentersthetubesof
thecondenserat14Candleavesat22C.Thesurfaceareaofthetubesis
45 m2, and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 2100 W/m2 K.
Determinethemassflowrateofthecoolingwaterneededandtherateof
condensationofthesteaminthecondenser.
(Ans:1087kW,32.5kg/s,0.45kg/s)
2. Acounterflowdoublepipeheatexchangeristoheatwaterfrom20Cto

80Catarateof1.2kg/s.Theheatingistobeaccomplishedbygeothermal
wateravailableat160Catamassflowrateof2kg/s.Theinnertubeis
thinwalled and has a diameter of 1.5 cm. If the overall heat transfer
coefficientoftheheatexchangeris640W/m2K,determinethelengthof
theheatexchangerrequiredtoachievethedesiredheating.
(Ans:108m)
3. A2shellpassesand4tubepassesheatexchangerisusedtoheatglycerin

from 20C to 50C by hot water, which enters the th inwalled 2cm
diametertubesat80Candleavesat40C.Thetotallengthofthetubesin
theheatexchangeris60m.Theconvectionheattransfercoefficientis25
W/m2Kontheglycerin(shell)sideand160W/m 2Konthewater(tube)
side.Determinetherateofheattransferintheheatexchanger(a)beforeany
foulingoccursand(b)afterfoulingwithafoulingfactorof0.0006m2K/
Woccursontheoutersurfacesofthetubes.
(Ans1830W,1805W)

HEATEXCHANGER

LMTDMETHOD

4. Atestisconductedtodeterminetheoverallheattransfercoefficientinan

automotive radiator that is a compact crossflow watertoair heat

exchangerwithbothfluids(airandwater)unmixed.Theradiatorhas40
tubesofinternaldiameter0.5cmandlength65cminacloselyspaced
platefinnedmatrix.Hotwaterentersthetubesat90Catarateof0.6kg/s
andleavesat65C.Airflowsacrosstheradiatorthroughtheinterfinspaces
and is heated from 20C to 40C. Determine the overall heat transfer
coefficientUiofthisradiatorbasedontheinnersurfaceareaofthetubes.
Data:specificheatcapacityofwateris4184J/kgK
(Ans3341W/m2K)

HEATEXCHANGER

LMTDMETHOD