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Synchronous speed,
ns
f
p
ns
p=
60
2 = 120 Hz
2. The synchronous speed of a 3-phase induction motor is 25 rev/s and the frequency of the supply
to the stator is 50 Hz. Calculate the equivalent number of pairs of poles of the motor.
ns
f
p
f
50
3. A 6-pole, 3-phase induction motor is connected to a 300 Hz supply. Determine the speed of
rotation of the magnetic field produced by the stator.
ns
Speed of rotation,
f 300
6
p
2 = 100 rev/s
310
ns
f 50 50
p 6
3
2
= 16.667 rev/s
Synchronous speed,
970
nr
60 = 16.167 rev/s
Rotor speed,
Hence, slip, s =
n s n r
16.667 16.167
100%
100%
16.667
ns
= 3%
2. A 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor has 8 poles. If the full load slip is 2.5%, determine (a) the
synchronous speed, (b) the rotor speed, and (c) the frequency of the rotor e.m.f.s.
ns
(b) Slip, s =
n s n r
100%
n
s
f 50
p 8
2 = 12.5 rev/s or 12.5 60 = 750 rev/min
i.e.
12.5 n r
100%
12.5
2.5
2.5 12.5
i.e.
and
100
rotor speed,
12.5 n r
n r 12.5
2.5 12.5
100
= 12.5 0.3125
12.1875 60 = 731 rev/min
= 12.1875 rev/s or
(c) Since the synchronous speed is 12.5 rev/s and that of the rotor is 12.1876 rev/s, the rotating
magnetic field cuts the rotor bars at (12.5 12.1875), i.e. 0.3125 rev/s.
n s p 0.3125
8
2 = 1.25 Hz
311
3. A three-phase induction motor is supplied from a 60 Hz supply and runs at 1710 rev/min when
the slip is 5%. Determine the synchronous speed.
ns nr
Slip, s = n s
1710
60 = 28.5 rev/s
n 28.5
5
s
100
ns
Hence,
and
nr
0.05
ns
ns
- 28.5
i.e.
28.5
from which, synchronous speed, n s = 0.95 = 30 rev/s or 30 60 = 1800 rev/min
4. A 4-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor runs at 1440 rev/min at full load. Calculate (a) the
synchronous speed, (b) the slip and (c) the frequency of the rotor induced e.m.f.s.
ns
100%
ns
(b) Slip, s =
i.e.
f
(c) n = p
f 50
p 4
2 = 25 rev/s or 25 60 = 1500 rev/min
where
nr
1440
60 = 24 rev/s
100
25 24
100%
25
25 = 4%
slip, s =
4
or frequency of the rotor induced e.m.f.s, f = n p = (25 24) 2 = 2 Hz
312
ns
f 50 50
p 12 6
2
= 8.3333 rev/s
(b) Slip, s =
ns n r
n s n r
8.3333 7.9167
100%
100%
8.3333
ns
= 5%
fr s f
i.e.
2
slip, s = 50 = 0.04 or 4%
from which,
(b) Slip, s =
n s n r
ns
from which,
2 = s(50)
ns
where
f 50 50
p 6
3
2
s ns ns nr
n r n s s n s n s (1 s)
50
1 0.04
3
313
from which,
i.e.
4
rotor copper loss
100
48
(b) Total mechanical power developed by the rotor = rotor input power rotor losses
= 48 1.92 = 46.08 kW
(c) Output power of the motor = power developed by the rotor friction and windage losses
= 46.08 1 = 45.08 kW
(d) Efficiency,
output power
45.08
100%
100%
50
input power
= 90.16%
2. By using external rotor resistance, the speed of the induction motor in problem 1 is reduced to
40% of its synchronous speed. If the torque and stator losses are unchanged, calculate (a) the
rotor copper loss, and (b) the efficiency of the motor.
(a) Slip, s =
n s n r
n s 0.4 n s
0.6 n s
100%
100%
100%
ns
ns
ns
= 60%
314
(b) Power developed by rotor = input power to rotor rotor copper loss
= 48 28.80 = 19.20 kW
Output power of motor = power developed by rotor friction and windage losses
= 19.20 1 = 18.20 kW
output power
18.20
100%
100%
50
input power
= 36.40%
315
ns
f 50
p 2
2 = 50 rev/s
or 3000 rev/min
n s n r
1.5
50 48.5
ns
50
50
(b) Slip, s =
= 0.03 or 3%
(c) Phase voltage,
E1
400
3 = 230.94 V
N
m 2
N1
2 n
s
s E12 R 2
R 2 s X 2
2 2
3(0.8)2
2(50)
0.03(230.94)2 (0.4)
2
2
0.4 0.03 4.0
639.9994
Pm
Pm 2 n r T 2(48.5)(22.43)
= 6835 W
X
4.0 = 0.1
2
Slip, s =
316
(0.00611155)
R 2 sX 2
0.42 0.42
2
2
s E12 R 2
2133.3331
0.32 = 40.74 N m
= (0.00611155)
Slip, s =
n s n r
ns
i.e.
50 n r
50
0.1
(0.1)(50) 50 n r
i.e.
and
n r 50 (0.1)(50)
n r 50 5
N
m 2
N1
2 n
s
(230.94) 2 (0.4)
E12 R 2
0.00611155
2
R 2 X 2
0.4
4.0
2
2
21333.31344
16.16
= (0.00611155)
= 8.07 N m
2. For the induction motor in Problem 1, calculate at full load (a) the rotor current, (b) the rotor
copper loss, and (c) the starting current.
Ir
(a) Rotor current,
N 2
E1
N1
R 2 2 sX 2 2
0.4
I r 2 R 2 13.27
2
0.03 4.0
0.4
5.54256
0.4176123
= 13.27 A
= 70.44 W
317
N 2
E1
N1
I2
R 2 2 X 2 2
0.8 230.94
2
0.42 4.0
= 45.96 A
3. If the stator losses for the induction motor in Problem 1 are 525 W, calculate at full load (a) the
power input, (b) the efficiency of the motor and (c) the current taken from the supply if the motor
runs at a power factor of 0.84
output power
6.34
100%
100%
input power
7.57
= 83.75%
IL
Hence, supply current,
P1
7.57 1000
3 VL cos
3 400 0.84
= 13.0 A
4. For the induction motor in Problem 1, determine the resistance of the rotor winding required for
maximum starting torque.
Rotor reactance,
Xr s X2
R 2 Xr s X2 X2
= 4.0
318
319