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THE iBWAVE
CERTIFICATION
PROGRAM
Student Manual
PROFESSIONAL
iBwave Design , iBwave Field , iBwave Plan, iBwave Assure, Propagation, Optimization,
Collection and Modelling Modules are trademarks of iBwave Solutions, Inc. All other
trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. In
recognition of its continued commitment to product improvement, iBwave Solutions,
Inc. reserves the right to change the information contained herein without notice.
MATERIAL USE RESTRICTIONS
The information contained in this document is the property of iBwave Solutions, Inc.
Except as specifically authorized in writing by iBwave Solutions, Inc., the holder of this
document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect
same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use
same for evaluation and training purposes only.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any
information storage or retrieval system, without prior written consent from iBwave
Solutions, Inc.
Printed in Canada
Copyright 2009 iBwave Solutions Incorporated. All rights reserved
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER1 ...............................................................................................................10
COURSE INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 1-0
CHAPTER2 ...............................................................................................................21
IN-BUILDING REVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-1
ADDITIONAL NOTES:THE IN-BUILDING WIRELESS WORLD ............................................................................................... 2-3
THE IN-BUILDING WIRELESS WORLD ................................................................................................................................ 2-4
IN-BUILDING WIRELESS APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 2-8
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTION ............................................................................................................................. 2-8
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES ................................................................................................................................................ 2-34
PASSIVE DAS .................................................................................................................................................................. 2-46
HYBRID DAS................................................................................................................................................................... 2-50
IN-BUILDING DESIGN TOOLS ........................................................................................................................................... 2-50
IN-BUILDING COMPONENTS............................................................................................................................................. 2-52
LINK BUDGETS ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-64
NOISE MODELING ............................................................................................................................................................ 2-78
PROPAGATION BASICS ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-84
CHAPTER3 ...............................................................................................................31
PROJECT DEPLOYMENT PROCESS....................................................................................................................................... 3-1
COLLECTING INFORMATION............................................................................................................................................. 3-10
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING.............................................................................................................................................. 3-34
SOLUTION IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................................................................... 3-70
DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-80
CHAPTER4 ...............................................................................................................41
INTRODUCTION TO IBWAVE DESIGN .................................................................................................................................. 4-1
AIMS OF THIS TOPIC........................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
CHAPTER5 ...............................................................................................................51
PROJECT PROPERTIES AND SETTINGS................................................................................................................................. 5-1
CHAPTER6 ...............................................................................................................61
IBWAVE DESIGN PLANS ..................................................................................................................................................... 6-1
DESIGN PLAN..................................................................................................................................................................... 6-4
LAYOUT PLAN ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-42
PICTURE PLAN ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-76
CHAPTER7 ...............................................................................................................71
IBWAVE DESIGN REPORTS ................................................................................................................................................. 7-1
AIM OF THIS TOPIC ............................................................................................................................................................ 7-2
CHAPTER8 ...............................................................................................................82
PROBLEM BASED WORKSHOP ............................................................................................................................................ 8-2
AIM OF THIS TOPIC ............................................................................................................................................................ 8-2
CHAPTER9 ...............................................................................................................92
DATABASE EDITOR ............................................................................................................................................................ 9-2
CHAPTER10 ...........................................................................................................101
APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10-1
CHAPTER11 ...........................................................................................................111
GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11-1
Chapter 1
Course Introduction
Course Introduction
Introduction
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Certification Roadmap
Professional Level (3-day course): Master the iBwave Design software tool to create and
manage in-building wireless networks design projects. Understand in-building projects, floor
plans and site surveys, learn the fundamentals of in-building radio testing and having the
knowledge to create picture plans, design plans, layout plans, and generate reports. Students
are required to perform hands-on workshops and exams to obtain certification to Level 1 and
enter Level 2.
Expert Level (3-day course): Acquire the fundamentals of in-building propagation models
and conduct propagation predictions using the Propagation Module in iBwave Design.
Perform in-building radio testing using the Collection Module in iBwave Design. Students will
learn how to characterize building partitions using advanced AutoCAD and floor plan features
and plan an in-building measurement campaign. Students will understand how to conduct an
empirical measurement campaign in order to tune in-building propagation models.
Course Introduction
Welcome
Course Introduction
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Certification Roadmap
Course Introduction
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Additional Notes:
Course Introduction
Learning Objectives
Professional Level Outline
At the end of Day 1, the participants will have an understanding about the in-building
deployment process and how iBwave Design fits into every phase of the project deployment
lifecycle. iBwave Design facilitates project management by allowing all project related files to
be updated automatically and accessed within the same platform. iBwave Design is the glue
to designing an in-building project due to its involvement in the initial phase of data collection,
extrapolation, design and finally the reporting features to generate customized data for the
different stakeholders that are involved in the process.
At the end of Day 2, the participants will have an in-depth understanding of the iBwave
Design software application. Workshops for each section helps to test and apply the
knowledge to better understand the practical application of the various iBwave Design
features.
At the end of Day 3, the participants will have completed the written and practical exam. The
lecture on the Database Editor is covered after the written exam and this information will be
applied in the practical exam that follows.
Course Introduction
Learning Objectives
Course Introduction
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Notes:
Chapter 2
In-Building Review
In-Building Review
Content
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In-Building Review
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Content
In-Building Review
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Additional Notes:
In-Building Review
In-Building Review
In-Building Review
In-Building Review
They move!
In their offices
At home
Ports of entry
Airports
Railway stations
Shopping centres
Uni campuses
Many users
concentrated into
small areas
But rarely outdoors!
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Notes:
In-Building Review
Hot desking
Seamless outdoor-indoor transitions, since users should not be aware of when they
are handing over to a different type of cell when they enter or leave a building
Need for uniform user environment with a single terminal, in line with the overall
system integration seen worldwide in the last years
Higher data rates which can support interactive and streaming applications
Maximum electromagnetic (EM) exposure issues, to comply with Health & Safety
recommendations
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and Personal Area Networks (PAN)
Location-based services
In-Building Review
In-Building Review
Hot desking
Seamless outdoor-indoor transitions
Need for uniform user environment with a single
terminal
Higher data rates which can support interactive and
streaming applications
Small invisible antennas
Health & Safety issues
Private systems and special billing
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and Personal
Area Networks (PAN)
Building space efficiency and reconfiguration costs
Better interference management
Location-based services
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Notes:
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Voice
Hot desking
Video streaming
File Sharing: faster data transfers
e-mail
Web Browsing (Internet and Intranet)
Location-based services
Mobile TV
Interactive gaming
Mobile e-commerce
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In-Building Review
Evolutionofwirelessaccesstechnologies
1G:basic
mobilevoice
2G:questforcapacity 3G:questfordata
andcoverage
Beyond3G:questforhigherspeedbroadband
wirelessmultimediaservices
AMPS
TDMA(IS136)
GSM>GPRS>EDGE>UMTS>HSDPA>HSUPA >LTE>LTEAdvanced
CDMA(IS95)>1xRTT>1xEVDORev.0>1xEVDORev.A >OFDMMIMO
WiFiWiMAX IEEE802.16e
1983199319952000
>
WiMAX IEEE802.16m
200520062007200820092010 2013
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Note that by 2010 it is expected that Long Term Evolution (LTE) takes over an important
sector of the market, having larger channel bandwidth and data rates which exceed all the
other technologies.
In-Building Review
GSM (Global System for Mobile), was launched in 1992 in Europe, and it has become
the most widely used cellular standard worldwide. It has a channel bandwidth of 200
kHz and uses TDMA.
CDMA one, using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) as multiple access
technology, was launched in 1996 in America. It uses a channel bandwidth of 1.25
MHz, and QUALCOMM registered its name for its original CDMA products.
In-Building Review
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In-Building Review
Digital technologies
Increased voice quality over 1G
Circuit-switched data services
iDEN / ESMR / Tetra / Tetrapol
Integrated Dispatch Enhanced
Network / Enhanced Specialized
Mobile Radio (1994)
Channel Bandwidth: 25 kHz /
12.5 kHz
Multiple access technology:
TDMA
Source: Motorola (Proprietary
technology) / Nokia / EADS
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GSM
Global system for mobile
communication (1992, Europe)
Channel Bandwidth: 200 KHz
Multiple access technology:
TDMA
Source: ETSI/3GPP
CDMA one
Code Division Multiple Access
(1996)
Multiple access technology:
CDMA
Channel Bandwidth: 1.25 MHz
QUALCOMMs registered name
for its original CDMA products.
Source: TIA/EIA-95-A TIA/EIA95-B
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Additional Notes:
In-Building Review
In-Building Review
2.5G
The 2.5G wireless technology generation is a step between 2G and 3G. It includes 2G
systems that have been upgraded to support packet switched services. An example of this is
GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service), launched in 2001, which is seen as a GSM evolution,
having the same channel bandwidth as GSM (200 kHz) and TDMA as multiple access
technology.
2.75G
The 2.75G generation is an unofficial term to categorize wireless technologies that do not
meet the 3G requirements but were marketed as if they do. Examples of this standard
include: CDMA2001x (1xRTT), which is a direct evolution of CDMA one, and was launched in
2000. It uses a channel bandwidth of 1.25 MHz and CDMA as multiple access technology.
EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) is another example of 2.75G. EDGE was
launched in 2001-2002, it is an evolution of GSM towards 3G, having the same channel
bandwidth of 200 kHz and using the same multiple access technology as GSM.
2.5G
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2.75G
In-Building Review
CDMA2000 1x (1xRTT)
Direct evolution of cdmaOne
(2000)
Multiple access technology: CDMA
Channel Bandwidth: 1.25 MHz
Source: 3GPP2
EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for Global
Evolution (2001-2002)
GSM Evolution
Channel Bandwidth: 200 KHz
Multiple access technology: TDMA
Source: ETSI/3GPP
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Additional Notes:
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In-Building Review
Other standards which have emerged for 3G include the ones listed in the next slide. In
general, there have been evolutions of others which were deployed prior to them.
In-Building Review
CDMA2000 1xEVDO
1x Evolution-Data Optimized (2002)
Data-optimized evolution of the CDMA2000
Channel Bandwidth: 1.25 MHz
Multiple access technology: CDMA
Source: 3GPP2
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Page 13
In-Building Review
CDMA 1xEVDV
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HSDPA / HSUPA
High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
Evolution of WCDMA
Channel Bandwidth: 5 MHz
Multiple access technology:
TDMA/CDMA
Source: 3GPP
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Additional Notes:
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In-Building Review
Fourth Generation
Fourth Generation (4G) is a term used for International Mobile Telecommunications
Advanced (IMT-Advanced), which is also known as Beyond 3G. 4G systems aim to upgrade
existing communication networks and are expected to provide a comprehensive and secure
IP-based solution where facilities such as voice, data and streamed multimedia will be
provided to users on an Anytime, Anywhere basis and at much higher data rates compared
to previous generations.
The baseband techniques for 4G are OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), to
exploit the frequency-selective channel property; MIMO (Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs) to
attain ultra-high spectral efficiency; and a turbo principle to minimize the required SNR
(Signal-to-Noise Ratio) at the receiver.
The principal 4G technologies include: adaptive radio interface; modulation, spatial
processing including MIMO; and relaying, including fixed relay networks (FRNs), and the
cooperative relaying concept, known as multi-mode protocol.
4G: OFDM
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a frequency-division multiplexing
(FDM) scheme utilized as a digital multi-carrier modulation method. A large number of
closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers are used to carry data. The data is divided into several
parallel data streams or channels, one for each sub-carrier. Each sub-carrier is modulated
with a conventional modulation scheme (such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM or
Phase Shift Keying, PSK) at a low symbol rate, maintaining total data rates similar to
conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth.
The property of orthogonality observed in OFDM prevents demodulators from seeing
frequencies other than their own.
Some of the benefits of this technology in wireless communications are: high spectral
efficiency; more resilient to interference than other technologies; and lower multipath
distortion.
iBwave Design Professional Certification Revision 2
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In-Building Review
Baseband techniques:
OFDM: To exploit the frequency selective channel property
MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency
Turbo principle: To minimize the required SNR at the reception side
Principal technologies:
Adaptive radio interface
Modulation, spatial processing including multi-antenna and multi-user MIMO
Relaying, including fixed relay networks (FRNs), and the cooperative relaying
concept, known as multi-mode protocol
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4G: OFDM
In-Building Review
Distributes the data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart at
precise frequencies
Orthogonality prevents the demodulators from seeing frequencies other than
their own
Benefits:
high spectral efficiency
resiliency to RF interference
lower multipath distortion
In a supplement to the IEEE 802.11 standard, the IEEE 802.11 working group
published IEEE 802.11a, which outlines the use of OFDM in the 5.8-GHz band
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Additional Notes:
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4G: MIMO-OFDM
Multiple-input and multiple-output or MIMO is the use of multiple antennas at both the
transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several forms of
smart antenna technology.
MIMO technology has attracted attention in wireless communications, since it offers
significant increases in data throughput and link range without additional bandwidth or
transmit power. It achieves this by higher spectral efficiency (more bits per second per hertz
of bandwidth) and link reliability or diversity (reduced fading).
When used in conjunction with OFDM, is called MIMO-OFDM. It will allow service providers
to deploy a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) system with Non-Line of Sight (NLOS)
functionality. In addition, since data is transmitted both in the same frequency band and with
separate spatial signatures, this technique uses spectrum very efficiently.
WiMAX
WiMAX, or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications
technology which enables wireless transmission of voice and data in two ways: point-to-point
links and full mobile access. Limited availability of spectrum worldwide makes mobile WiMAX
a particularly attractive technology thanks to an elaborate air interface (Scaled-OFDMA)
combined with high modulation schemes (up to 64QAM) and smart antennas (dynamic
bemforming, MIMO), all contributing to provide mobile users with an enhanced experience of
high data rate services such as web browsing or video streaming. In addition, Mobile WiMAX
brings us one step nearer to the convergence of fixed and mobile broadband access by way
of a single and unique air interface and a network architecture based on an all-IP approach.
In a certain way, mobile WiMAX can be regarded as a complement to Wireless Local Area
Networks (WLAN), having comparable data rate with better radio coverage; and to 3G cellular
systems, improving the data rate at comparable coverage. Nevertheless, it has also been
considered as a competitor to both technologies.
iBwave Design Professional Certification Revision 2
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4G: MIMO-OFDM
In-Building Review
Serial-to- Transmit
parallel
beamformers
Receive
beamformers
Parallelto-serial
Input
bitstream
Output
bitstream
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WiMAX
In-Building Review
Complement to cellular 3G
and WLAN networks
Mobile WiMAX:
convergence of fixed and
mobile broadband access
Licensed bands:
2.3 GHz
2.5 GHz
3.5 GHz
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Additional Notes:
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LTE Features
LTE has the following features defined in the standard:
Data rates
In the uplink, it is estimated a data rate of 50 Mbps, whereas twice this data rate for the
DL; i.e. 100 Mbps. Both FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division
Multiplex) modes are supported.
Bandwidth
A flexible carrier bandwidth is anticipated for LTE, from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz.
Goals
LTE has been designed to improve spectral efficiency while maintaining low cost, as
well as to improve service offering. The idea is to make use of new spectrum and
reformed spectrum, ensuring a much better integration with other wireless standards.
Architecture
It uses EPS (Evolved Packet System) and comprises E-UTRAN (Evolved UTRAN) on
the access side and EPC (Evolved Packet Core) on the core side.
Advantages
LTE has higher throughput, low latency, plug and play, FDD and TDD in the same platform,
improved end-user experience and simple architecture resulting in low operating
expenditures; seamless support connection to existing networks such as GSM, cdmaOne, WCDMA (UMTS), and CDMA2000.
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LTE features
In-Building Review
Data rates:
Architecture:
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Advantages:
high throughput, low latency, plug
and play, FDD and TDD in the
same platform, improved end-user
experience and simple architecture
resulting in low operating
expenditures
seamless support connection to
existing networks such as GSM,
cdmaOne, W-CDMA (UMTS), and
CDMA2000
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Additional Notes:
In-Building Review