M E 345

Spring 2009 Professor John M. Cimbala Lecture 31

04/01/2009

Today, we will:

Continue our discussion about first-order dynamic systems: discuss half-life.

Finish reviewing the pdf module: Dynamic System Response (2nd-order systems)
Do some more example problems dynamic system response
Do some review example problems for Exam 2

Example: Dynamic system response

Given: The following second-order ODE:
d 2 y dy
5 2 +
+ 1000 y = x ( t )
dt
dt
The forcing function is a step function (sudden jump):
x(t) = 0 for t < 0
x(t) = 25 for t > 0

(a) To do: Calculate the natural frequency and damping ratio of this system.
(b) To do: Calculate the equilibrium response (as t , what is y?).
Solution:

(1)

Example: Review for Exam 2

Given:
The integer 13 (base 10).
To do:

Write this integer in 4-bit binary format.

Solution:

Example: Review for Exam 2

Given:
The integer 0001 0111 (8-bit binary).
To do:

Write this integer in base 10 format.

Solution:

Example: Review for Exam 2

Given:
Two integers in 8-bit binary format:
A = 0010 0110
B = 1101 1001
To do:
Solution:

Add A + B and write the result in base 10 format.

Example: Review for Exam 2

Given: Voltage data are sampled digitally at a sampling frequency of 250 Hz.
To do: For each frequency in the signal, calculate the perceived frequency from the
acquired data.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

f = 120 Hz.
f = 200 Hz.
f = 300 Hz.
f = 380 Hz.
f = 500 Hz.

Solution:

4.0

4.2

4.4
4.6
3.6

3.8

f /ffolding
2.0

2.2

2.4
1.6

1.8
0

0.2

0.4

3.4

4.8
3.2

5.0

3.0

2.6
2.8
1.4
0.6

fa /ffolding

1.2
0.8

f /ffolding
1.0

Example: Review for Exam 2

Given: Tom samples a voltage signal digitally for 4.00 seconds at a sampling frequency of
500 Hz. He plugs the data into MatLab, calculates an FFT, and plots the frequency spectrum.
To do:
(a) Calculate the frequency resolution of his frequency spectrum.
(b) Repeat if Tom uses Excel instead of MatLab.
(c) Repeat if Tom wants to improve the frequency resolution of his FFT, so he samples at
the same frequency, but for a longer time. He samples the voltage signal digitally at a
sampling frequency of 500 Hz and takes 4096 data points.
Solution:

Example: Review for Exam 2

Given:
Veronica needs to measure a signal that ranges between 0.20 V and +0.80 V.
The signal is to be sampled by an 12-bit A/D converter that has an input range of 0 to 5 V.
For maximum resolution, the signal is to be conditioned such that it fits the full input range
of the A/D converter (add a DC offset to the signal, and then amplify the modified signal).
To do:
(a) Calculate the required DC offset and amplification (gain).
(b) Veronica uses inverting op-amp circuits for the DC offset and gain. If a 10.0 k resistor
is used as R1 in her inverting amplifier, what resistor should she use for R2?
(c) Calculate the smallest change in input voltage that Veronica can measure.
Solution:

Example: Review for Exam 2

Given: A 2.00 V DC voltage is applied as the input voltage, i.e., Vin = 2.00 V DC. Where
op-amps are used, the power supplied to the op-amps is +15 V and 15 V DC.
To do:

For each case, identify the circuit and calculate the output voltage Vout.
R

Vin

Vin
C

Vout

(a)

Vn

Vin

Vp

(b)

2R

Vn

Vo

Vout

2R

Vin

Vn

Vin

Vp

(e)

Vout

(d)

7R

Vo

Vp

(c)

Vout

Vn

Vo
Vout

Vin

Vp

Vo

Vout

6.00 V

(f)