June l

30, 1899

To this to be added t\VO applicatio11s filed \Vitl1 Curtis and some other patent matters
chiefly foreign.

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Colorado Springs
June I, 1899
The following seems to be the best plan for constructing small batteries of very
high e.m.f. required for exciting vacuum tube to be used as receiver in telegraphy: As

--

CONNECTION

ZNK
CAP

CARBON-+-
$TIC

CONNECTION

the current for exciting the tube need be only very small the battery can furnish a minute
current. From previous experiments about

20,000

amp. is amp)y sufficient. Approximate

dimensions of box 1 /4 cu. foot. The price will not be prohibitory. Tin caps, plugs and
carbons will be readily obtainable.
The connection of the receiver is to be as in experiments in New York: If necessary
the resistance R1 wi1l be used to strain the tube exactly just to point of breaking down.

It is very important as in all sensitive devices so far used that the dielectric is strained

R1

I
I

....
AIR
CAPAC ITY

..
'

....

.
.
.

'

"BATTERY
-

DELICATE
RELAY flN
WIRE

t..1AGNE r STRONG
MANV WINDINGS
FINE .WIRE
EARTi

exactly to the breaking point. The magnet Mis to have

a resistance nearly equal

to the

internal resistance of the battery, so as to get best output. The relay will suit as it is with

1000 ohms resistance. The magnet must be strong to blow out tube when lighted. This
device should byvery sensitive and should break down by very minute currents propagated
through the earth from a similarly connected oscillator.

25

Colorado Spri11.s:.5
June 2,

Teleg rap 11y

Ships
Land

Signalling

Cables (this very much so,

Valuable

but powerful apparatus

Uses of

required).

Condenser

Methods
Protection

Ani1nal
Plant

Ships

Collisions

lee bergs

Electricity
Magnetism

Terrestrjal

Static

Electricity

Atmosp11.
Research

Disturbances

Earth currents
Solar i nfluc 11ce etc.

Locati ng

M agn etic

on de posits

Non-magnetic by reflection

In connection with Roentgen rays, other

and

dark rays of 1/1e sun.

rays

Most important.

Resist., current., e.m.f. etc.

Intensities, light, hea t etc.
Measurements
etc.

power

Meters

current
i11tegrttors of all kinds

26

1899

Coloratio Spri11gs
June 3,
Various 111odifications of a principle co11sisting in accun1ulating energy

I ?{99

of feeble

impulses received fron1 a distance and utilizing magnified effect for operating a receiving

generally co11sidered:

device. Several modes of carrying out the same,

Resonance

and cl1arging

Co111111utating curre11ts

Condenser

by batteries

Directing currents

gas valves

and char gi ng

Using direct currents of high tensio11

Comn1utating
Magnet

c ur re

n ts

for relay

lJatterics

Directing currents through relay

V(.ll \'CS

fi eld

Commutating currents

batteries

Using direct

Dynamo
princi pie

currents

cu rre11ls

freqL1ency

in

current

currents

Low freqL1ency

High

direct

armature

in

field

Direct

c urrents

in armature

heating device

relay, field nlagnet

electromagnet

dynamo,

condenser, etc.

condenr, etc.

27

Colorado Springs
June 4, 1899
Telephony without wjres.
General observations:
Senders

Receiver

one impulse

for one telephone

several impulses

impulse.

several impulses

for one telephone

one imp u lse

impulse

Static action

Static
Two currents

Current action

attraction,
repulsion

For1n of
energy

Rays

sender

light

Form of

Magnetic

heat

energy

Cath.ode rays

Roentgen

affecting

He rays

etc..

receiver

Light rays

Cathode mechanical action

Magnetic action

Deflection by
Sound action

mech. displace
ment

Static machine

Receiving
instruments

Induction coil

suited for

s ingle
Oscil1ator

the various

terminal
two termi

Instruments
to be used

nals

transmitting
instruments

Batteries,
Dynamos

alt.

(high frequency)

direct

Condenser

Rheostatic Mach.
Oscillator

Arrangements of circuit etc. to be worked out

28

to be worked
out

Colorado Springs
June 5, 1899
Induction method; results with apparatus to be used calcuJated from

M
M

Wp

Yt
D
S

=p2s4 WP

v:

(This formula is very prob1ematical)

322 D6 S2

Power in secondary or receiving circuit

27tn, estimated 40,000=4X 104

1 200

12 x 102 cm.

length of side of square circuit

power spent in primary =4X 1010 ergs assumed.

total volume of wire in both circuits =25x103 cu.cm.

distance from center to center of circuits (horizontal)

specific resistance of wires

1. 7 x 103

Takin g M to be the minimum 0.3 ergs to affect relay, it is found that with above
circuits and under such conditions about 1 mile communications should be possible.
With circuits 1000 meters square, about 30 miles. From this, the nferiority of the induction
method would appear immense as compared with disturbed charge of ground and air
method.

Colorado Spring.
June 6, 1899
Arrangements with single terminal tube for production of powerful rays.
There being practic.ally no limit to the power of an oscillator,, it is now the problem
to work out

tube so that it can stand any desired pressure. The tubes worked wjth in

New York were made either with aluminium caps or without

same, but in both cases

a lim it was found so that but a small fraction of the obtainable e.m.f. was available.

If

of glass, the bottom would break through owjng to streamers, and if an aluminium cap
were em ployed there would be sparking to the cap. Immersion in oil is inconvenient,
likewise other expedients of this kind. The best results will probably be obtained in the
end by static screening of the vulnerable parts of the tube. This idea was experimented
upon in a number of ways. It is now proposed to test the arrangements indicated below:
I.

1-

- - --

- ----- .

3.

'1.

'

'""-.

FREE
TERMINAL

j
'

METALLIC
BUT

ENCLOSURE

INSUlATEO -SO

...

I
FREE
TERM.

'

THAT OBSERVER CAN

5TEP INSIDE

.'

1
.

FREE TERM.

'
'

'

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!

.
.

!
'

.
.

29

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