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Insunnysouthernlocations,protectingyourwindowsfromthesunisanimportantcomponentofgood

windowmanagement.Thefirststepistoknowhowthesunmovesthroughtheskyandtoorientthe
buildingandplacethewindowsinitsoastominimizedirectsolaradmissionthroughyourwindows.
Inthenorthernhemispheresummerthesunrisesnorthofdueeastandsetsnorthofduewest,
climbingratherhighintheskyatsolarnoononthesummersolstice(about21June).Thedrawing
belowisforamidFloridalatitude.Thefurthernorthyourbuildingisthepeaksolaraltitudeanglewill
belessthanthe86degreesshownbelow.
Inthewinterthesunrisessouthofdueeastandsetssouthofduewest,climbingnotveryhighintheskyatsolarnoon
onthewintersolstice(about21December).ThefurthernorthyouareaboveamidFloridalatitude,thelowerthe
middaywintersunwillbe.

Atothertimesintheyear,thesunpathswillbeintermediatebetweentheseextremes.Onlyontheequinoxes(21
Marchand21September,approximately),willthesunrisedueeastandsetduewest.
Youcanseefromtheseillustrationsthatisiseasytoprotectsouthfacingwindowswitharoofoverhangforallbutthe
lowestwintersun.Inclimateswithcoolorcoldwinters,itmightbedesirabletoallowsomesolarradiationintosouth
facingwindows,sodonotmakeyourroofoverhangtoowideinsuchcases.Inhotclimates,however,itmightbebestto
maketheoverhangwideenoughtoblockthemiddaywintersunyearround.
Northfacingwindowshardlyneedanyshading,sincetheonlytimethesunimpingesonthemisearlyinthemorningor
lateintheafternooninsummer,andatthosetimestheangleofincidenceissogreatthatmuchoftheradiationis
reflectedfromtheglassorblockedbythewallsoneithersideofthewindow,especiallyifthewindowisrecessed
somewhatintothewall.
Thebiggestproblemswithsolarheatgainandtheglarewhichdirectsunentrycanproduceareexperiencedwitheast
andwestfacingwindows.Inthemiddleofthemorningandafternoonthesuncanbelowenoughintheskythatonlya
verywideoverhangcanbeeffective.Insuchcasesitisbesttoblockthesunoutside,beforeitreachestheglass,using
tress,awnings,shutters,orothershadingmethods.
Anotheralternative,illustratedinthedrawingbelow,istoreducetheglazedareasinthebuildingfacingtheeastand
westdirectionsand/ortoplaceunoccupiedornonairconditionedspacesontheeastandwestsidesofthebuilding,to
serveasbufferingorinsulatingzones.

ShadingStrategies
Therearebothinteriorandexteriorshadeoptionswhichcanbeusedtoprotectwindowsnototherwiseshadedfromthe
sun.Ingeneralitisbesttoblockthesunbeforeitreachesthewindow.Thevarietyofshadingstrategiesshownbelowis
effectiveataccomplishingthatgoal.

ExteriorWindowShadingStrategy
Exteriorshadescatchthesunandreflectsomeofitawayfromthewindow.Someexteriorshadesarepartially
transparent,sosomeoftheincidentradiationpassesthroughthemtothewindow.Therestisabsorbedbytheshade
material.Heatabsorbedbytheexteriorshadeislargelycarriedawayfromthewindowbyradiationandairborne
convectioncurrents.

Someexteriorshadesareoperable,meaningthattheycanberaisedandlowered,orotherwisealteredintheircoverage
anddegreeofprotectionofthewindow.Forotherwiseunshadedeastfacingwindows,operableshadesareareal
advantage,becausetheycanbeloweredinthemorningwhenthesunisrising,yetraisedwhenthesunisontheother
sideofthebuilding,therebyaffordingunobstructedviewstotheeast.Thesameistrueofwestfacingwindowsinthe
afternoon.
Someexteriorshadesserveasecondarywindowprotectionfunction.Theycanbeloweredtofullycoverthewindowand
protectitfromwindblowndebrisorotherconsequencesofadverseweather.
InteriorWindowShadingStrategy
Interiorshadescanalsobeeffective,insomesituations.Theyneedtobebrightlyreflectingtowardtheoutside,sothat
solarradiationadmittedthroughtheglassisreflectedbytheshadebackoutthroughthewindow.Thuslittleofthesun's
radiantheatcanremaininsidethebuilding.
Draperies,Venetianblinds,verticalblinds,rollupshades,andavarietyofotherinteriorattachmentsarecommon
additionstoresidentialwindows.Theyareusedmoreforaestheticsandprivacythanforsolarheatgainprevention,but
theycanbeeffectiveheatblockersjustthesame.
Thekeytosuccessinthisfunctionistheirsolarreflectanceonthewindowfacingside.Thehigherthisreflectancethe
greaterthequantityofsolarradiationenteringthewindowthatcanbereflectedbackthroughthatwindowtothe
outside.Youcanhaveanycolorandpatternyouwantfortheroomsideoftheshade,butitshouldbequitebrighton
theotherside.Whiteornearwhiteisbest.

Credit:HunterDouglas
Also,interiorshadesaremoreeffectiveatreflectingsolarradiationiftheglazingsystemtheycoverishighlytransparent,
buttheywillreflectwhateverbeamradiationtheyreceivebacktowardthewindow.Someofthatradiationwilltransmit
throughthewindowandthereforenotentertheroomasheatgain.

Credit:Bestblinds.com
Thereismuchvarietytothekindsofinteriorshades,asseenintheillustrationsprovidedhere.Theyrangefromthe
simplepulldownrollershadetosophisticateddualshadesystemscomposedofbothblackoutandtranslucentshades
usedintandem.

Credit:GraberBlinds.com
Animportantadvantageofinteriorshadesisthattheyareoperable.Theycanbeopenedorclosedorpartiallyopen,to
suityourneedsandthedegreeofsolarradiationincidentonthewindow.Withwestfacingwindows,forexample,you
canhaveyourshadeswideopenformaximalviewanddaylightilluminationinthemorning,whenthesunisonthe
Eastsideofthebuilding,andclosethemintheafternoonwhenthesunshinesstronglyonthewindowduringthe
hottestpartoftheday.
Ifyouarenotinstallingnewwindows,orreplacingoldones,andyourinteriorshadesareinadequate,youmayliketo
consideraddingappliedwindowfilms.Formoreonthistopic,seeourwebpageonWindowFilms.
AdditionalIllustrations:

Credit:GraberBlinds.com

Credit:HunterDouglas.com

Credit:HomeDepot

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