SINGLE-STRANDED, DNA, NON ENVELOPED VIRUSES

Viral family

Parvoviridae

Important
genera

Human
parvovirus B-19

Transmissi
on

Diseases
Exanthema in
children (Fifth
disease)
Haemolytic crisis in
people
With sickle cell
disease

Diagnosis

Serology,
PCR
Can not be
cultivated in
typical lab. C.C

DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA, ICOSAHEDRAL, NON ENVELOPED VIRUSES

Viral family

Adenovirid
ae

Important
genera

Diseases

Transmission

Diagnosis

Respiratory
Aerosolized Cell culture
infections in
droplet/airbo
Mastadenovir
humans (cold)
rne
us
GastrointestinalInfantile diarrhea
Eye infections
keratoconjunctivit
is

 Papillomaviru
s (human
wart virus)
Papoviridae

Induce tumors
Cause cancer in
animals.

Polyomavirus

Direct
contact
Sexual
Can not grow in C.C
contact for
genital warts

DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA, COMPLEX ENVELOPED VIRUSES

Viral family

Important
genera
Orthopoxvirus

Diseases
Smallpox
Cow pox

Poxviridae
Molluscipoxvir
us

Simplexvirus
(HHV1)

Herpesvirid

Simplexvirus
(HHV 2)

Monkey pox

Transmission
Abrasions,
aerosol
Fomites
Direct contact
with wound

Acute
Gingivostomatitis
Contact with
Herpes labialis (cold
Cold sores,
sore)
saliva in or
Skin infection
around the
Herpetic Keratitis
mouth and
Herpes Encephalitis
lips.
Neonatal herpes
Oral sex
( during passage
through birth canal)

Genital herpes
Neonatal

Diagnosis

Sexual contact

Laboratory
Diagnosis
Specimen: vesicular
fluid, swab from
base of the ulcer.
Immunofluorescenc
e of skin scrapings can distinguish
between HSV and
VZV

ae

herpes(virus
crosses placental
berrier)
Varicella
(chickenpox)

Varicellazoster virus
(HHV 3)

Encephalitis
Pneumonia
Reye's syndrome.
Neonatal
varicella
Via respiratory

Zoster
(shingella)

route

Vesicular rash
along the
affected
cutaneous
sensory nerves

Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV),
HHV 4)

Infectious
mononucleosis
Fever
Sore throat
Swollen lymph
nodes
Of rare death is
rupture of
enlarged spleen.

Saliva (kissing )
Very rarely
through blood
transfusions.

Virus isolation
rabbit
Serology, ELISA
PCR
Electron microscope

Increased WBCs
PCR
Humoral immune
response, called the
heterophile response,
is the basis for the
serologic tests used
to screen for
infectious
mononucleosis
Heterophyl antibody
test [monospot test]).
Rapid slide

Cytomegalovi CNS
abnormalities rus (HHV 5),
microcephaly,
(CMV)

mental
retardation,
Eye - optic
atrophy
Ear - deafness
Liver hepatosplenomeg
aly and jaundice
which is due to
hepatitis.
Lung pneumonitis
Heart myocarditis
Thrombocytopeni
c purpura,
Haemolytic
anaemia

Utero,
perinatally,
or
postnatally.
Sexual
transmission
Blood and
blood
products
Organ
transplant

agglutination test.
A fluorescentantibody test that
detect igm antibodies
against eb virus is
the most specific
diagnostic method.
Detection of
intranuclear
cytomegalic
inclusions (owl eyes)
in tissues, or
desquamated cells in
urine.
PCR
Isolation of virus

 Roseolovirus
(HHV 6)
HHV 7
(Tlymphotropic
virus)
Kaposi's
sarcoma
(HHV 8)

Hepadnaviri
dae

Hepadnavir
us
(Hepatitis B
virus)

Hepatitis B
Liver cancer
Loss of
appetite
Fever joint
pains
Jaundice.

Blood, and
body fluids.

SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, + STRAND,

ICOSAHEDRA, NON ENVELOPED
Viral family

Important
genera

Diseases

Picornavirida
Enterovirus
e

Rhinovirus

Hepatitis E
virus
Norovirus

Diagnosis

Respiratory.
Or fecal-oral

Common cold

3- Hepatitis A
virus
Hepatitis a
Caliciviridae

Transmission

Serology, by finding
IgM anti -HAV

Hepatitis E
Gastroenteritis

Can not be
cultivated in C.C

Single-stranded RNA, + strand, ENVELOPED

Viral family

Important
genera

Diseases

Transmission

Diagnosis

 Alpha virus
Togaviridae
Rubi virus

Viral family

Important
genera
Flavivirus

Flaviviridae

Eastern equine
encephalitis
Western equine
encephalitis
Rubella
German measles

2Hepatitis
C virus

Diseases

Arthropods
Respiratory
route

Transmission

Diagnosis

Yellow fever
Dengue
SLE,
Viral encephalitis

Cirrhosis or cancer

Blood or
body fluids

Serology
Test for antiHCV

PESTIVIRU
S

Coronavirid
ae

Coronaviru
s

Upper respiratory
tract diseases
Common cold
Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS)

PCR
Serology

SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, STRAND, ENVELOPED

Viral family

Important
genera
Vesiculoviru
s

Causes diseases in
animals

Lyssavirus

rabies

Filovirus

Rhabdoviridae

Filoviridae

Paramyxovirid
ae
Bunyaviridae

Diseases

Paramyxovir
us
Morbillivirus
Bunyavirus

Transmission

Ebola
Marburg
Parainfluenza
Mumps
Newcastle disease

Measles
California encephalitis Either
virus
touching
Hantavirus
infected
Crimean-Congo
animal blood,
hemorrhagic fever
Breathing in
Rift Valley fever
the air
around an
infected
animal being
butchered,
Drinking raw

Diagnosis

milk from an
infected
animal
The bite of
infected
mosquitoes.
Deltaviridae

Orthomyxoviri
dae

Arenaviridae

Hepatitis D

Depends on
coinfection with
Hepadnavirus

Influenzavir
us
A and B)
Influenza C
virus

Envelope spikes can

agglutinate RBCs

Arenavirus

Lymphocytic
choriomeningitis
Venezuelan
hemorrhagic fever
Lassa fever

SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, TWO RNA STRANDS,

PRODUCE DNA
Viral family

Important
genera

Diseases

Transmission

Diagnosis

Retroviridae
(Use reverse
transcriptase to
produce DNA from
viral genome
Includes all RNA
tumor viruses)

Lentivirus
(HIV)
Oncogenic
viruses

HIV
Leukemia and
tumors in animals

DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, NON ENVELOPED

Viral family

Important
genera
Reovirus

Reoviridae

Colorado
tick fever

Diseases
Mild respiratory
infections
Gastroenteritis
Colorado tick fever

Transmission

Diagnosis