Writer's Choice - Grammar Enrichment - Grade 6

Grammar and Composition
Grammar Enrichment
Grade 6
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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ii
Contents
Unit 8
Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences

8.12
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
Unit 9
Nouns
9.1
9.2
9.3
Unit 10
Using Pronouns Correctly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Pronouns and Antecedents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Possessive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Indefinite Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Adjectives
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
Unit 13
Action Verbs and Direct Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Indirect Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Linking Verbs and Predicate Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Present, Past, and Future Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Present and Past Progressive Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Perfect Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Pronouns
11.12
11.3
11.4
11.5
Unit 12
Common and Proper Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Singular and Plural Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Possessive Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Verbs
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.89
Unit 11
Sentences and Sentence Fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Subjects and Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Finding Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Adjectives and Proper Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Articles and Demonstratives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Adjectives That Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Special Adjectives That Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Adverbs
13.12
13.3
13.4
13.5
Adverbs Modifying Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Adverbs That Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Telling Adjectives and Adverbs Apart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Avoiding Double Negatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
iii
Contents
Unit 14
Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections

14.12
14.3
14.4
14.67
Unit 15
Subject-Verb Agreement
15.1
15.2
15.3
Unit 16
iv
Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and Salutations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Capitalizing Names and Titles of People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Capitalizing Names of Places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Punctuation
19.1
19.2
19.2
19.3
19.3
19.4
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
Answers
Using Troublesome Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Capitalization
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
Unit 19
Making Subjects and Verbs Agree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Problems with Locating the Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Agreement with Compound Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Glossary of Special Usage Problems

16.12
Unit 18
Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Pronouns After Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives and Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Conjunctions and Interjections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Using the Period and Other End Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Using Commas I-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Using Commas I-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Using Commas Il-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Using Commas Il-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Using Commas Ill-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Using Commas Ill-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Using Semicolons and Colons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Using Quotation Marks and Italics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Using Apostrophes and Hyphens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Using Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Writing Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
8.12
Sentences and Sentence Fragments
A. Identifying Sentences and Sentence Fragments
Decide whether each group of words below is a sentence or a sentence fragment.

If it is a sentence, write whether it is declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative. If it is a fragment, write fragment and explain what is missing (subject, predicate,
or both).
1. What did you have for breakfast? _____________________________________________
2. Wash the car. ____________________________________________________________
3. The full moon. ___________________________________________________________
4. What a day she had! _______________________________________________________
5. Was jogging through the park. _______________________________________________
B. Writing Complete Sentences
Use the subject or predicate provided to write a complete sentence. Make sure that you
have written at least one declarative, one interrogative, one exclamatory, and one imperative sentence.
1. My pet__________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The store manager ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. announced the shocking news _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Hawaii__________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. buy pickles ______________________________________________________________
Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 6, Unit 8
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
8.3
Subjects and Predicates

A. Identifying Subjects and Predicates
For each sentence below, underline each complete subject and complete predicate
once. Underline each simple subject and simple predicate twice.
1. My friend is an excellent swimmer.
2. The new librarian is from Mexico City.
3. A sudden rainstorm delayed the game.
4. The Independence Day parade was fun even in the rain.
5. The sound of laughter made us happy.
B. Using Complete Subjects and Predicates
Write one sentence on each of the topics below. Draw a vertical line between your
complete subject and your complete predicate.
1. My favorite food __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The most interesting subject I study __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The foreign country I would most like to visit __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. A sporting event __________________________________________________________
5. A book I have been reading _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
8.4
Finding Subjects
A. Identifying Subjects
Find the subject in each sentence, and use it in a new sentence. Remember that when
the subject is not stated, you is the understood subject.
1. Did you see the shooting star? _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. On the other side of the hill is a quiet brook. ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Tamika is my pen pal.______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Turn down the volume on the television. ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. What time does the concert start? ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Writing Questions
Rewrite each statement below as a question. Underline each subject.

1. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Nobel regretted the use of dynamite in warfare and established the Nobel Prize.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Our city holds an international festival every year. _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The Louvre is a famous museum in France. ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
C. Changing Order
Rewrite each sentence, changing the order of the subject and predicate. Underline each
subject.
1. Through the door ran Spot, our dog.__________________________________________
2. A painting hung on the far wall. _____________________________________________
3. Over the horizon rolled dark clouds. __________________________________________
4. A girl emerged from the mists._______________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
8.5
Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates

A. Identifying Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates
Read the following sentences. If the sentence contains a compound subject, underline
it once. If the sentence contains a compound predicate, underline it twice. Hint: Some
sentences will have both.
1. Felipe and Mikhail visited New York with a group of tourists.
2. Firefighters and letter carriers joined forces and raised money for their favorite
charities.
3. A tailor takes your measurements and makes a suit especially for you.
4. The steamed broccoli and the Spanish rice were carefully prepared but quickly
eaten.
5. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein wrote several classic American musicals.
B. Using Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates
Write one sentence using each of the sentence elements indicated below.
1. (compound predicate) _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. (compound subject) _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. (compound subject and compound predicate) __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
8.6
Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences

A. Identifying Simple and Compound Sentences
Identify each of the following items as simple, compound, complex, or run-on. If an item
is a run-on, rewrite it as a compound sentence.
1. The earrings were in her jewelry box, but the necklace was lost._____________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The pandas played the people watched them. ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The clown fell down several times. ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Jerome went to the library after he came home. _________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Raoul drove his car to the university Jennifer decided to walk. ______________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. The hostess welcomed the guests, and the photographer took pictures of them.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Writing Simple and Compound Sentences
Write one sentence for each of the following kinds of sentences.
1. (a simple sentence) ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. (a simple sentence with a compound subject) ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. (a simple sentence with a compound predicate) _________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. (a compound sentence) ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. (a complex sentence) ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. (a compound sentence with a compound predicate)______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
9.1
Common and Proper Nouns

A. Identifying Common and Proper Nouns
Write every noun in the sentences below. Indicate whether it is a common noun or
a proper noun, and whether it names a person, place, thing, or idea.
1. France gave the Statue of Liberty to the United States.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Ernest Poole won the first Pulitzer Prize for literature.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Generosity is still an admired trait.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The new baseball diamond is located behind our school.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Dr. Richard Jarvik developed the first artificial heart.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Common and Proper Nouns
Write a proper noun that is an example of each common noun below. Then use both
nouns in a sentence. Be sure to use correct capitalization.
1. island _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. river ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. athlete_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. singers ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. hero ______________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
9.2
Singular and Plural Nouns

A. Identifying Singular and Plural Nouns
Read each sentence below. Underline the subject of each sentence, and write whether it
is singular or plural.
1. The first American theater was built in Williamsburg in 1716. ______________________
2. The worlds largest sea is the South China Sea. __________________________________
3. Astronauts must participate in many training sessions before going into space. ________
4. Dancers practice long hours before appearing on stage. ___________________________
5. Lilies are popular spring flowers. _____________________________________________
6. My family enjoys playing word games._________________________________________
7. The maple leaves turned a brilliant red this year. ________________________________
8. The patio is often cool on hot summer days.____________________________________
9. The jury disagree on the verdict. _____________________________________________
10. Mice nest in the barn behind our house. _______________________________________
B. Using Singular and Plural Nouns
Write a sentence using the plural form of each noun given below.
1. desk____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. potato __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. city ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. fox_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. loaf ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
9.3
Possessive Nouns
A. Identifying Possessive Nouns
Underline the possessive noun in each of the following sentences. Change each singular possessive to plural and each plural possessive to singular, and use each in a new
sentence.
1. That writers first work became a best-seller.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Childrens clothing is on the third floor.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Our team plays better when we have the fans support.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The tourists were amazed at the castles rich history.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. The judges scores puzzled the competitors.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Possessive Nouns
Form the possessive of each noun, and then use it in a sentence.

1. Jack ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. dogs ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. women _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. star ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. library __________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.1
Action Verbs and Direct Objects
A. Identifying Action Verbs and Direct Objects
Underline each verb in the following sentences, and indicate whether the verb is
transitive or intransitive. If the verb is transitive, write its direct object.
1. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Jonas Salk developed the first polio vaccine.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Jasmine wades in the river.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Niki collects fans from all over the world.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Two trees grow in our front yard.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Action Verbs and Direct Objects
Using each verb below, write a sentence with a direct object.

1. divide __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. tend____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. create __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. lead ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. like ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.2
Indirect Objects
Identifying Direct Objects and Using Indirect Objects
In the following sentences, underline the direct object. Then rewrite the sentence
adding an indirect object.
1. Monica knitted a nice hat. __________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Anita cooks delicious meals._________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The committee awarded the scholarship._______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Stephan brought flowers. ___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. The teacher showed the South American art. ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. Daniel gave a speech. ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7. My brother promised three things. ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8. Juan sold his red bicycle. ___________________________________________________
9. The principal mailed the report card. _________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
10. The secretary sent the package. ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
10
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.3
Linking Verbs and Predicate Words
A. Distinguishing Between Linking Verbs and Action Verbs
In the following sentences, identify the underlined verbs as linking or action verbs.
1. Maria grows fresh tomatoes. ________________________________________________
2. The sale price seemed a good bargain. _________________________________________
3. The tire looks flat. ________________________________________________________
4. The doctor feels my ankle to check for a sprain. _________________________________
5. The ugly duckling became a beautiful swan. ____________________________________
B. Using Linking Verbs and Predicate Words
Use each linking verb below in a sentence. Underline the predicate noun or the predicate adjective that you use.
1. seem ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. look____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. become _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. feel ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. are _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
11
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.4
Present, Past, and Future Tenses
A. Identifying Tenses
In the following sentences, identify the tense of the underlined verb. Then write a new
sentence using that verb in another tense.
1. John Glenn was the first American to orbit Earth.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Pierre will fly airplanes when he grows up.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Yesterday Cy watched the parade downtown.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Dominique visits her aunt every Tuesday.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. The neighbors dog barks whenever it sees someone approach.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using the Present, Past, and Future Tenses
Write a brief description of something that happens to you every day. Then rewrite the
event in either the past tense, as if it happened yesterday, or in the future tense, as if it
were going to happen soon.
12
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.5
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs
A. Using Main Verbs and Helping Verbs
Using the following main verbs, write a sentence using a verb phrase consisting of a
main verb and a helping verb.
1. running_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. examined _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. reading _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. written _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. helped __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Identifying Past and Present Participles
Identify the underlined verb phrase as either present participle or past participle. Then
rewrite each sentence. Change each present participle verb phrase to a past participle
verb phrase. Change each past participle verb phrase to a present participle verb
phrase.
1. Keisha is helping Simone with her homework. __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. I have marked the passages we need to study. ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. We have been working on this assignment for some time. _________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Last week we were shopping for birthday gifts. __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Ann Li had planned to join us._______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
13
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.6
Present and Past Progressive Forms
A. Using the Present and Past Progressive Forms
Rewrite each sentence twice. Use the present progressive form of the verb in the first
sentence and the past progressive form of the verb in the second sentence. Use phrases
such as last night or right now to emphasize your use of forms.
1. My sister enjoys an informative television program.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Chickens and goats wander freely around our farm.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The stadium fills quickly with hockey fans.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Snow covers the rooftops of the houses and barns.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Writing in Present Progressive Form
Do you remember what it was like on your first day at a new school? Write a paragraph
about that experience using present progressive formswriting as if today were your
first day.
14
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.7
Perfect Tenses
A. Writing with Tenses
Write a sentence using each verb. Use the verb tense suggested in parentheses.
1. start (past perfect) ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. travel (present perfect) _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. arrange (present perfect) ___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. depart (past perfect)_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. raise (past perfect) ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using the Perfect Tenses
Use each verb below in a sentence. If the verb is in the present tense, write a sentence
using the verb in the present perfect tense. If the verb is in the past tense, write a sentence using the past perfect tense.
1. learns __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. landed __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. trades __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. raced ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
15
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
10.89
Irregular Verbs
A. Irregular Verbs and Tense
The following sentences contain irregular verbs used in the past tense. Rewrite the
sentences changing the tense of the underlined irregular verbs to present perfect.
1. Sandra drank the juice._____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. He gave his old car to the Salvation Army.______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Oki broke the current record for speed skating. _________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The farmers knew when to harvest the corn.____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. I swam the length of the pool three times.______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Irregular Verbs
Write one sentence using each of the verbs and verb forms indicated.
1. (past participle of swim)
_______________________________________________________________________
2. (past form of ride)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. (past form of think)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. (past form of draw)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. (past participle of write)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
16
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
11.12
Using Pronouns Correctly
A. Identifying Personal Pronouns
Underline the personal pronoun in parentheses that correctly completes the sentence.
Then write whether it is a subject pronoun or an object pronoun.
1. The next one in the line is (she, her).
2. I telephoned Esther and (they, them) to see who could host the party on Saturday.
3. My father and (she, her) collect baseball cards, so my brother and (I, me) bought
some.
4. The teacher likes you and (she, her) the best.
5. Give the ball to them and (we, us).
6. It was (he, him) who noticed the injury.
7. Brent took Grace and (I, me) to the circus.
8. The boys and (I, me) are going to the library.
B. Using Pronouns
Write each sentence using subject or object pronouns in place of the underlined words.
1. The dog hid his bone in the backyard.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Bees swarmed around the pretty flowers.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The telephone rang, but Felicity didnt answer the phone.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The astronomer looked through her telescope.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. David asked Jordan and Jasper to join the band.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. The beautiful butterfly emerged from the cocoon.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. It was Barbara who answered the call from Paul.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. Mr. Dixon showed Antonio and Anita their new homeroom.
_______________________________________________________________________
17
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
11.3
Pronouns and Antecedents
A. Identifying Pronouns and Antecedents
Read each pair of sentences. Write each subject or object pronoun and its antecedent.
1. Deborah Sampson was the first woman to fight as an American soldier. She
dressed as a man.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The Nile is the longest river in the world. It runs through Egypt.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Ponce de Len discovered Florida. He found it while searching for the fountain of
youth.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin won the Nobel Peace Prize the same year. It
was awarded to them in 1978.

_______________________________________________________________________
5. John Hancock was the first man to sign the Declaration of Independence. He
signed it in large script.

_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Pronouns and Antecedents
Write a brief paragraph describing a recent adventure you experienced. Then underline
each subject or object pronoun, and circle its antecedent.
18
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
11.4
Possessive Pronouns
A. Identifying Possessive Pronouns
List the possessive pronouns in each sentence below. Next to each, write the possessive
noun or nouns that could be used in its place.
1. The baseball team was afraid the rain would delay its game.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Theo and Lionel lent their computer to Alta so she could have hers repaired.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Candace was excited when the disc jockey played her favorite song.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Katrina wore her best clothes to the graduation ceremony.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. The judges wrote their scores on large cards.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Possessive Pronouns
Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive pronoun.

Leonardo da Vinci was a great painter of the Italian Renaissance. ___________ works
include the Mona Lisa, the portrait of a woman. ___________ smile is the subject of
much controversy. Leonardo also studied the sciences. He recorded ___________
observations in a notebook. __________ pages are full of __________ notes and
sketches. The idea for a flying machine was ___________. If you are interested, see if
___________ library has a copy of __________ notebook. Study the sketches for
__________ content and style.
C. Writing Possessive Pronouns
Write a description of one of your favorite possessions. Circle each possessive pronoun
you use.
19
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
11.5
Indefinite Pronouns
A. Using Indefinite Pronouns
Rewrite each sentence using an indefinite pronoun in place of the noun as the subject.
Be sure that the pronoun agrees with the verb.
1. The photography club is meeting at noon.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Jonas is planning a trip during spring vacation.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Gordon is throwing a surprise birthday party for Ginny.
__________________________________________________________________
4. The neighbors object to the noise.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Kevin and Kirsten are surely attending.
__________________________________________________________________
6. Sue, Eric, Nedra, and Juyong give Jonelle flowers.
__________________________________________________________________
B. Indefinite PronounPossessive Pronoun Agreement
1. Anybody on the football team may stay after school to find out (his or her, their)
grades.
2. Several will attend (his, their) high school reunion.
3. Most of Irving Berlins songs will be popular forever because of (its, their) beauti-
ful melodies.
4. Most of the music should be memorized because of (its, their) difficult chords.
5. Each of the girls will do (her, their) homework before going to the tennis match.
6. Everyone in the boys glee club will get (his, their) chance to enjoy the parade.
20
Indefinite pronouns are often antecedents for possessive pronouns. In the sentences
below, underline the form of the possessive pronoun that agrees with the indefinite
pronoun.
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
12.1
Adjectives and Proper Adjectives
A. Identifying Adjectives
Identify each adjective in the following sentences, and write whether it tells what kind,
how many, or which one.
1. Dimitri rode a red sled down the snowy hill.____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The Greek festival featured good food, expensive shops, and lively entertainment.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The new gallery is displaying those paintings. ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The drama class went to see two Shakespearean comedies._________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Blue skies and sunshine greeted us when we stepped off the jumbo jet. _______________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Adjectives and Proper Adjectives
Write one sentence using each adjective or set of adjectives below.

1. twelve __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. quiet, big________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Alaskan _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. sunny, Mexican ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. red, orange, purple ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
21
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
12.2
Articles and Demonstratives
A. Identifying Articles and Demonstratives
Write an appropriate article or demonstrative adjective in each blank. In the space provided, tell whether you wrote an article or a demonstrative adjective.
1. ___________ grandfather clock has been in our family for fifty years. _______________
2. ___________ trip will be easier if you follow ___________ road signs._______________
3. ___________ books are great for ___________ rainy day. _________________________
4. I read ____________ article on ___________ subject yesterday. ____________________
5. Joseph won ___________ teddy bear at ___________ carnival._____________________
B. Using Articles and Demonstratives
Think of a sport or game you enjoy. Write a paragraph explaining how it is played. Use
at least three articles, two demonstrative adjectives, and one demonstrative pronoun.
Read your paragraph carefully, and circle all the articles and demonstratives you used.
22
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
12.3
Adjectives That Compare
A. Identifying Adjectives That Compare
In the space provided, write the correct form of an appropriate adjective. Then identify
the form you used by writing comparative or superlative.
1. That was the ___________ baseball game I have ever attended._____________________
2. The more it rains, the ___________ the field becomes. ___________________________
3. We took the ___________ route to the pizza parlor.______________________________
4. It was the ___________ pizza we had ever eaten. ________________________________
5. Rudolf was ___________ than Carlos during the movie. __________________________
B. Using Adjectives That Compare
Write two sentences that include each adjective listed below. Use the comparative form
in the first sentence and the superlative form in the second sentence.
1. quick ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. careful __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. kind____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. excited__________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. thoughtful_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
23
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
12.4
Special Adjectives That Compare
A. Identifying Special Adjectives That Compare
Write each special adjective, and tell whether it is in the comparative or superlative
form. Then for each comparative form you identify, write the superlative form, and for
each superlative form write the comparative.
1. Shannon has more interest in photography than in anything else.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. For her birthday, her parents gave her the best camera available.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. She has been taking better pictures since she started using it.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Shannons gift was the less expensive camera of two that she liked.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. The worst part is that she wont stop taking pictures of us.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Special Adjectives That Compare
Write a paragraph comparing two or more things. Use at least four adjectives, such as
better, best; more, most; less, least, worse, and worst. Be sure to use correct adjective
forms in your comparison.
24
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.12
Adverbs Modifying Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs
A. Thinking of Adverbs and Identifying the Words They Modify
Complete each sentence with an appropriate adverb or adverbs. Do not use the same
adverb more than once. Then draw an arrow to the word the adverb modifies. State
whether the word modified is a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
1. The snow fell ___________. ________________________________________________
2. The president of the company ___________ held board meetings. __________________
3. It was a ___________ gloomy day, but we decided to go hiking. ____________________
4. The doctor ___________ ___________ removed Sheilas cast. _____________________
5. Natasha was___________surprised by Mikoss unexpected visit. ____________________
6. Juana ___________ makes a mistake on her math exams. _________________________
7. The mail carrier was ___________ late today.___________________________________
8. Emil ran ___________ to answer the telephone._________________________________
B. Using Adverbs
Write a sentence using each adverb or pair of adverbs below. Underline each adverb
once and the word it modifies twice.
1. swiftly __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. carelessly ________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. almost, totally ____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. unusually _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. just, too_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
25
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.3
Adverbs That Compare
A. Using Adverbs That Compare
Fill in each blank in the following sentences with the correct form of comparison for
the adverb in parentheses.
1. Fernando played ___________ today than he did yesterday. (well)
2. The tortoise moved ___________ than the hare but won the race. (slowly)
3. Math is Henrys ___________ favorite subject in school. (little)
4. In gym class, Cara threw the softball ___________ than Bruno. (far)
5. Maria arrived ___________ because everyone else was stuck in traffic. (early)
6. Robert performed his gymnastics routine ___________ of all the competitors.
(gracefully)
B. Using Comparative Forms
Use the comparative form of each of the following adverbs in a sentence.

1. badly ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. nearly __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. well ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
C. Using Superlative Forms
Use the superlative form of each of the following adverbs in a sentence.

1. frequently _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. long____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. quietly__________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. hard ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
26
4. carefully ________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.4
Telling Adjectives and Adverbs Apart
A. Identifying Adjectives and Adverbs
Fill in the blank in each sentence with the correct word from these pairs. After the sentence, write if the word is an adjective or an adverb.
good/well
bad/badly
sure/surely
real/really
most/almost
1. She concentrated ___________ hard on her new assignment. ___________

2. He smiled because he handled himself ___________ during his speech.
___________
3. Bicyclists ___________ always wear helmets. ___________
4. Alex will ___________ pass the drivers test. ___________
5. I feel _____________ sick. _____________
6. Cheryle and Lois have been ___________ friends since kindergarten.
___________
7. ___________ libraries have computer systems. ___________
8. If you behave ___________, you will be grounded. ___________
B. Using Adjectives and Adverbs
Write a paragraph describing a book you recently read. Circle each adverb you use, and
underline each adjective.
27
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
13.5
Avoiding Double Negatives
A. Identifying Double Negatives
Correct the sentences that contain double negatives by either removing one of the
words or replacing a negative word with an affirmative word. If a sentence does not
contain a double negative, write correct.
1. Nothing didnt stop Joey from reaching his goal._________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. No one had never admired Lorenzos work before. _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. We dont want none of that negative thinking. __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. We werent doing nothing wrong. ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. I wouldnt try that ride if I were you.__________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Writing Negative Statements
Rewrite each positive statement as a negative statement. Remember to avoid using

double negatives.
1. Karen wants to go to the zoo this afternoon. ____________________________________
2. The weather forecast calls for rain.____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The scoutmaster has changed his mind. _______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The play is being performed next Friday._______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. We have looked for the missing tickets. ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
28
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
14.12
Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
A. Identifying Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
Write each prepositional phrase in the following sentences. Circle the preposition, and
draw an arrow to the object of the preposition.
1. Teddy Roosevelt made a famous charge up San Juan Hill.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. He searched for the lost book on every shelf and desk.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Thurgood Marshall was the first African American appointed to the Supreme
Court of the United States.

_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Across from our school, one finds the public library and a stationery store.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. We traveled over the river and through the woods to the campsite.
_________________________________________________________________________________
B. Using Prepositional Phrases
Write a paragraph describing a typical school day. Underline each prepositional phrase
once. Then underline each preposition twice.
29
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
14.3
Pronouns After Prepositions
A. Identifying Pronouns After Prepositions
Read each sentence, and write the correct pronoun from the choices in parentheses.
1. Have you read the magazine article about (her, she)?
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The article was written by Louise and (I, me).
_______________________________________________________________________
3. I didnt know about (she, it) until the magazine arrived.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. When Luigi saw his parents, he hurried toward (they, them).
_______________________________________________________________________
5. To (whom, who) did Frank send the flowers?
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Pronouns After Prepositions
Replace each underlined object with an appropriate object pronoun.

1. The letter carrier gave the package to Mrs. Cortez. _______________________________
2. You will find the books underneath the folder. __________________________________
3. My dog barked at Mr. and Mrs. Yeager. ________________________________________
5. The birthday gift was from the children. _______________________________________

6. Brian left the bicycle with his aunt. ___________________________________________
7. The play was written by Ms. Tenuda and Mr. Johnston. ___________________________
8. We found a table near Trisha.________________________________________________
9. Clara pinned the flower on Colleen. __________________________________________
10. Sara went to the dance with Daniel.___________________________________________
30
4. Jessica asked us not to leave without Miguel and Oki._____________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
14.4
Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives and Adverbs
A. Identifying Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives and Adverbs
Underline the prepositional phrases in the following sentences. Tell whether each
prepositional phrase is used as an adjective phrase or an adverb phrase. Then list the
word each phrase describes.
1. The sound of music floated across the room and into the courtyard._________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. California is west of Arizona and south of Oregon._______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The crowd beneath the bright stadium lights cheered the team to victory._____________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Many kinds of flowers were displayed at the garden show. _________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. A group of friends gathered around the campfire. _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives and Adverbs
Write a sentence using each prepositional phrase or pair of phrases below. Then write
whether you used the phrase as an adjective or an adverb.
1. in the darkness ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. over the door ____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. through the window _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. below the stairs ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. of the guests, in his house __________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. inside the castle __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
31
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
14.67
Conjunctions and lnterjections
A. Identifying Conjunctions and Interjections
Write the conjunctions and interjections in each of the following sentences, and indicate whether they are coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, or interjections.
1. Hooray! Tina and Therse will be representing our school at the science fair.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Oops! I researched my topic thoroughly, but the experiment failed.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Either Tina or Petra will probably win first prize. Wow!
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Ouch! I hit my thumb and my finger with the hammer.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. I finished all my chores. Phew!
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Conjunctions and Interjections
Write a paragraph about something exciting that has happened to you. Describe your
feelings as the event occurred. Use as many conjunctions and interjections as appropriate. Circle the conjunctions, and underline the interjections.
32
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
15.1
Making Subjects and Verbs Agree
A. Identifying Subject and Verb Agreement
Determine whether the subject and verb agree in each of the following sentences. If
they agree, write whether they are singular or plural. If they do not agree, rewrite the
sentence correctly, and indicate whether they are singular or plural.
1. Fresh apples is sold at the corner market. ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The play begins at eight oclock.______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The president is coming to our school. ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. The spectators is watching the marching band perform.___________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. A fountain decorate the courtyard in front of the palace. __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Subjects and Verbs That Agree
Write a sentence using each verb below. Remember to make the verb agree in number
with the subject.
1. run ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. laugh ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. sing ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. play ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. cook ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
33
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
15.2
Problems with Locating the Subject
A. Identifying the Subject and the Correct Verb Form
Underline the correct form of the verb in parentheses once. Then underline the subject
of the sentence twice, and write whether it is singular or plural.
1. There (are, is) roses growing in Mr. Smiths garden. ______________________________
2. The price of the ring (dont, doesnt) matter to William. __________________________
3. Here (is, are) the list of guests you requested. ___________________________________
4. The people (is, are) friends of mine. __________________________________________
5. The dollhouse in the window (is, are) the one that I am buying for Bridget. ___________
B. Using the Correct Verb Form
Using the following subjects and a form of the verb in parentheses, write sentences that
illustrate subject-verb agreement. Use the present tense.
1. the football game (begin) ___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. fans of each team (dress) ___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. school marching band (be) _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. leader of the band (wave)___________________________________________________
5. a star of stage and screen (sing) ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. a vase of flowers (stand) ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7. cheerleaders for our side (build) _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8. classes at the university (begin) ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
34
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
15.3
Agreement with Compound Subjects
A. Identifying Compound Subjects and Their Verbs
Write each compound subject and its verb. If they agree, write correct. If they do not
agree, write the correct form of the verb.
1. Marisa and Philippe plan a picnic for this weekend.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Neither Jennifer nor Ingrid likes wintry weather.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Both snow and ice covers the ground.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Ian or Kyle build a bigger igloo.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Sonia and I brings our ice skates.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Compound Subjects with the Correct Verb Form
Write one sentence using each of the compound subjects below. Use the present tense.
1. either Joan or Gretchen ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. both tennis and golf _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. neither spring nor summer _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. apples or oranges _________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Ralph and Alice __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
35
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
16.12
Using Troublesome Words
A. Identifying Troublesome Words
Read each sentence. Underline the correct word in parentheses.

1. I wonder if (its, its) going to rain today.
2. Can you (lie, lay) the book on that table?
3. She is (all ready, already) planning to bring refreshments.
4. (Their, Theyre) traveling to Chicago this weekend.
5. The theater is located (besides, beside) the aquarium.
6. When they got to the auditorium, they tried to (sit, set) comfortably on
the bleachers.
7. Mara and Delia decided to forget the trip to the opera (all together, altogether).
8. (Too, Two) of the students received awards for outstanding achievement.
B. Using Troublesome Words
For each item below there are two words. Use each word correctly in a sentence.
1. accept, except ____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. whos, whose _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. leave, let ________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. than, then _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
36
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
18.1
Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and Salutations
A. Using Capital Letters
Write each sentence. Use capital letters where needed.

1. what time does the party start? Jill asked.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. its two oclock, Miguel replied. can you come?
_______________________________________________________________________
3. yes, Ill be there. who else is coming?
_______________________________________________________________________
4. miguel thought for a moment. bobby is coming, he said, and Sandy will be
there, too.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. it sounds like fun. I cant wait, Jill said.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Writing with Capital Letters
Write a letter to a friend who lives far away. Tell your friend about what you are studying in school, what you did last weekend, or anything else you want to share with him
or her. Be sure to capitalize correctly.
37
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
18.2
Capitalizing Names and Titles of People
A. Capitalizing Names and Titles

1. dr. smithson says i am completely healthy.______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. That book was written by t. 1. gonzalez and clifford lake jr.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The thirty-sixth president of the United States was lyndon baines johnson.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Yesterday chief hernandez gave us a tour of the fire station.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Tomorrow uncle herbert and aunt vivian are taking me to the zoo.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Capital Letters
1. ___________________ holds an important position in state government.

2. His/Her title is ___________________.
3. Yesterday ___________ and ___________ met me at the airport.
4. The president of the United States is ___________________.
5. The principal of my school is ___________________.
6. I live with ___________________.
7. One of my friends is ___________________.
8. My doctors name is ___________________.
9. My favorite fictional character is ___________________.
10. ___________________ is my favorite singer.
38
In the space provided, add any name, with or without a title, that makes sense in the
sentence. Be sure to use correct capitalization.
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
18.3
Capitalizing Names of Places
A. Capitalizing Place Names
Rewrite each sentence using capital letters where needed.

1. The city of pittsburgh is located where three rivers meet. __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. They are the ohio river, the allegheny river, and the monongahela river.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. The potomac river runs south of the washington monument in washington, d.c.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. There are many monuments in washington, including the lincoln memorial, the
jefferson memorial, and the washington monument.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. washington is located in the east and is also the home of the white house.
_______________________________________________________________________
Write a paragraph about the place where you live. Include the names of your city and
state, any bodies of water nearby, and any monuments or historical landmarks.
Remember to capitalize correctly.
39
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
18.4
Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives
A. Capitalizing Proper Nouns and Adjectives

1. italian and french foods are my favorites.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. readers digest has many interesting and informative articles.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Many banks close in observation of martin luther king jr. day.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. We celebrate the signing of the declaration of independence every july.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Members of the future farmers of america raise animals to show at the state fair.
_______________________________________________________________________
In the space provided, write an appropriate proper noun or proper adjective for each
sentence. Be sure to use correct capitalization.
1. My favorite restaurant serves ___________ food.
2. My favorite holiday is ___________.
3. I would like to belong to the following clubs and organizations:___________.
5. The most interesting historical event I have studied is ___________.

6. My favorite song is ___________.
C. Writing with Capital Letters
Write at least four sentences of your own that include a variety of proper nouns and
proper adjectives. Circle each proper noun and proper adjective you use.
1. _______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________________
40
4. When I go to the grocery store, my favorite brand of cereal to buy is ___________.
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.1
Using the Period and Other End Marks
A. Using End Marks
Add the correct end mark to each sentence. Label the sentence declarative, imperative,
interrogative, or exclamatory. If there is an interjection in the sentence, punctuate
it correctly.
1. Hey Did you see that shooting star ___________________________________________
2. What a sight it was ________________________________________________________
3. Remember to pack warm clothes _____________________________________________
4. There were many interesting exhibits at the county fair ___________________________
5. Katie went to work early today_______________________________________________
6. Oh How surprised I was to see you ___________________________________________
7. Georgie wanted to go to the museum on Saturday _______________________________
8. Do you think it is a good idea to camp in Yellowstone National Park_________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Writing with End Marks
Write four sentences. Make sure that you write a declarative, an interrogative, an
imperative, and an exclamatory sentence.
1. _________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
41
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.2
Using Commas I-A
A. Using Commas
Read the following sentences, and add commas where needed.

1. Yes I have practiced singing every day.
2. Under this stack of books you will find my letter of recommendation.
3. Yes I am helping Miranda pick out a new dress.
4. They played football baseball and basketball.
5. Across the street from my house a new house is under construction.
6. No I didnt see that television program.
7. Well the track team had an excellent season.
8. Kristoff s coin collection includes coins from Brazil Chile Mexico Germany Korea
and Egypt.
B. Writing Sentences with Commas
Write one sentence for each set of directions below. Use commas where needed.
1. Include three or more items in a series.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Begin with an introductory word.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Begin with two prepositional phrases.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
42
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.2
Using Commas I-B
A. Using Commas

1. Mother will you meet me at the dentists office?
2. Michael you must admit is an excellent dancer.
3. Yes Leigh I played the piano for the senior citizens.
4. Chicago is I believe very cold this time of year.
Write one sentence following each set of directions below. Use commas where needed.
1. Include a phrase that interrupts the flow of thought.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Begin with a name in direct address.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Use a name in direct address in the middle of the sentence.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
C. Writing Paragraphs with Commas
Write a paragraph describing a trip you have taken or a trip you would like to take. Use
commas where needed.
43
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.3
Using Commas II-A
A. Using Commas

1. Jessica wanted to go for a walk but Casper wanted to play a game.
2. The first group of tourists gathered at the pool and the second group met near
the theater.
3. We should start back soon or it will grow too dark for us to find our way.
4. The author of the book met with her fans and later she wrote them letters.
5. The first choir to perform in the contest did a good job but the last choir
was superb.
6. We may take a class trip to the art museum or we may tour a local
television station.
Write a compound sentence for each of the topics listed below. Include sentences with
and, or, and but. Add commas where needed.
1. Entertaining movies
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. What I like to do on rainy days
_______________________________________________________________________
3. My favorite outdoor activities
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Subjects I enjoy studying
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
44
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.3
Using Commas II-B
A. Using Commas in Sentences
Read the following sentences, and insert commas to prevent misreading.

1. Instead of red blue paper was used for the decorations.
2. Long before she had left the application forms with her school counselor.
3. Inside the house cats with claws can be a problem.
4. Without waiting for Susan Edward started working on the project.
5. In winter snow sometimes prevents children from going to school.
B. Using Commas in a Letter
Write a letter to a friend or relative. Describe your day at school, a hobby, or plans you
are making for the future. Be sure to use commas correctly.
45
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.4
Using Commas III-A
Using Commas
Rewrite each of the following sentences, using commas where needed.

1. The colonies declared their independence on July 4 1776.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Cynthia Durrell M.D. is my doctor.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. She went to Mexico City Mexico to visit her friend.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. I would like to visit Mexico too.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. You had better hurry Juan said because the plane is about to take off.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. Stacy does not want to tell us why June 8 1988 is an important date.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7. She said It may not be important to anyone else, but it is very important to me.
_______________________________________________________________________
8. The workshop will be headed by Yuri Krokoff Ph.D.
_______________________________________________________________________
9. Nine more states want to participate too.
_______________________________________________________________________
10. Is it my mistake Juan wondered or did he give me the wrong address?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
46
_______________________________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.4
Using Commas III-B
A. Using Commas in Sentences
Write one sentence using the information below. Use commas where needed.
1. todays day and date _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. name of city and state _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. date with month and year only ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. a title or degree following a persons name _____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Using Commas in Paragraphs
Choose a historical event you have studied in history class. Write a short paragraph telling about the event. Include the date and place of the event. Use commas
where needed.
47
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.5
Using Semicolons and Colons
A. Using Semicolons and Colons
Rewrite each of the following sentences, using semicolons and colons correctly.
1. In her picnic basket Shawna included the following items food, plates, cups,
and napkins.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The weather was warm and sunny the park was crowded.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Shawna and her friends arrived at 1230 P.M.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Enrico and Tim took a walk they saw several people they knew.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. They saw these classmates Kiko, Tabitha, Paul, Jacques, and Melinda.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. Newton met Paul near the popcorn stand he bought two bags of popcorn.
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Writing with Semicolons and Colons
Write one sentence on each of the topics listed below. Include a semicolon or a colon
in each sentence.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. What time school begins and ends____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. A compound sentence about weekend activities _________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. A compound sentence about family members___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. The salutation of a business letter ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. The courses you are taking in school __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
48
1. My three favorite foods ____________________________________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.6
Using Quotation Marks and Italics
A. Using Quotation Marks and Italics in Titles
In the following sentences, underline the words that should be in italics. Add quotation
marks and punctuation where needed.
1. Carol read the book Little House on the Prairie after seeing a magazine article
titled Laura Ingalls Wilder: Great American Writer.

2. The drama groups production of Our Town was highly entertaining.
3. The Swing is one of my favorite poems.
4. Sports Illustrated is my favorite magazine said Kima.
5. My mother Clark told us reads the Wall Street Journal every morning.
6. Have you seen the movie Gone with the Wind asked Joy.
7. What did Scarlett mean when she said Tomorrow is another day
8. The principal yelled Dont run in the hall
B. Using Quotation Marks
Write a conversation between yourself and a friend concerning an activity in which

you both participated. Use quotation marks and other punctuation correctly.
49
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.7
Using Apostrophes and Hyphens
A. Using Apostrophes
Write the words that need apostrophes in the following sentences. Add the apostrophes.
1. Its going to be a lovely day for a birthday party. _________________________________
2. In fact, today is Robertos birthday.____________________________________________
3. He wont tell us how old he is. _______________________________________________
4. Theyre having the party at the Clarks house.____________________________________
5. Mr. Shapiros cake was great, but I liked his childrens homemade ice cream better.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. I needed paper, so I borrowed Tims; did you borrow theirs? _______________________
7. Were late for school; its already nine oclock.____________________________________
8. Beckys interested in film editing. _____________________________________________
B. Using Hyphens
Rewrite the following sentences, adding hyphens where needed. Use a dictionary
if necessary.
1. This store has twenty two different kinds of model trains. _________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. There was a mix up about the elementary schools science fair. _____________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. He was a railroad engineer for thirty six years. __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. I am proud of being first runner up in the essay contest. __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. The sign on the door read, John D. Owen, Attorney at Law. ________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7. The lab assistant ran forty three experiments before one succeeded. _________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8. The store specializes in ready made clothing. ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
50
3. One train looks like the one my great grandfather drove. __________________________
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.8
Using Abbreviations
A. Forming Abbreviations
Write the correct abbreviation for each item.

1. Minnesota_______________________________________________________________
2. Senior __________________________________________________________________
3. Monday_________________________________________________________________
4. October_________________________________________________________________
5. anno Domini (in the year of the Lord): ________________________________________
6. Avenue _________________________________________________________________
7. foot ____________________________________________________________________
8. Delaware ________________________________________________________________
9. Thursday________________________________________________________________
10. Junior __________________________________________________________________
11. gram ___________________________________________________________________
12. National Endowment for the Arts ____________________________________________
13. Central Intelligence Agency _________________________________________________
14. National Public Radio _____________________________________________________
15. Housing and Urban Development ____________________________________________
B. Using Abbreviations
Rewrite each sentence, using the appropriate abbreviations.

1. The companys address is Iris Sanchez Flowers, Incorporated, 2633 Pine Tree
Court, Coraopolis, Pennsylvania.

_______________________________________________________________________
2. Date your exam as follows: September 23, 2001.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. When I grow up, I want to work for the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. On your chart, write 11:30 in the morning and 11:30 in the evening.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Mister Petrov is opening stores with Doctor Ronald Coleman Junior.
_______________________________________________________________________
51
Grammar Enrichment
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................
19.9
Writing Numbers
A. Writing Numbers
Use the correct form for writing numbers in the following sentences. Write correct if
the sentence needs no changes.
1. The new restaurant has 56 different kinds of pizza._______________________________
2. The concert starts at seven oclock. ___________________________________________
3. Last night I counted 15,000,000 sheep. ________________________________________
4. Jodi won 1st place in the hog-calling contest. ___________________________________
5. 200,000 people attended the citys celebrations. _________________________________
6. At 2:15 P.M., about fifty percent of the 2 million people in the city lost
their electricity.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. The auditorium has seats for two hundred fifty people. ___________________________
8. Her boyfriend lives at fifty-five Cassady Avenue. _________________________________
B. Writing with Numbers
Many numbers are important to everyday lifeyour address and telephone number,
your age, room numbers at school, test scores, and so on. Write a paragraph about
yourself, using some of these numbers. Follow the rules for writing numbers.
52
Answers
Answer Key
PAGE 1
PAGE 4
Part A
1. interrogative
2. imperative
3. fragmentneeds predicate
4. exclamatory
5. fragmentneeds subject
Part A
1. Felipe and Mikhail visited New York with a group of
tourists.
2. Firefighters and letter carriers joined forces and raised
money for their favorite charities.
3. A tailor takes your measurements and makes a suit
especially for you.
4. The steamed broccoli and the Spanish rice were
carefully prepared but quickly eaten.
5. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein wrote
several classic American musicals.
Part B
Guidelines: Make sure that each sentence has a subject and
a predicate and has correct punctuation. There should be at
least one sentence in each category.
PAGE 2
Part A
1. My friend is an excellent swimmer.
2. The new librarian is from Mexico City.
3. A sudden rainstorm delayed the game.
4. The Independence Day parade was fun even in the
rain.
5. The sound of laughter made us happy.
Part B
Guidelines: Students should use the topics listed to write
the sentences. A vertical line should be drawn between
the complete subject and the complete predicate of each
sentence.
PAGE 3
Part A
Possible answers:
1. You look good in that hat.
2. The brook was a beautiful place to put the swing.
3. Tamika jogs a mile every day.
4. Go to the store and get some milk.
5. The concert was given to benefit charity.
Part B
Possible answers:
1. Did Alfred Nobel invent dynamite? subjectAlfred
Nobel
2. Did Nobel regret the use of dynamite in warfare and
establish the Nobel Prize? subjectNobel
3. Does our city hold an international festival every
year? subjectcity
4. Is the Louvre a famous museum in France? subject
Louvre
Part C
1. Spot, our dog, ran through the door.
2. On the far wall hung a painting.
3. Dark clouds rolled over the horizon.
4. From the mists emerged a girl.
Part B
Guidelines: Make sure that students include each element
listed.
PAGE 5
Guidelines: Items 2, 4 and 5 show possible answers.
Part A
1. compound
2. run-on; The pandas played, and the people watched
them.
3. simple
4. complex
5. run-on; Raoul drove his car to the university, but
Jennifer decided to walk.
6. compound
Part B
Guidelines: Make sure each sentence fits the given description and that the member sentences joined in the compound sentence are closely related, make sense together,
and are connected by an appropriate conjunction or by
a semicolon.
PAGE 6
Part A
1. Franceproper, place; Statue of Libertyproper,
thing; United Statesproper, place
2. Ernest Pooleproper, person; Pulitzer Prizeproper,
thing; literaturecommon, thing
3. Generositycommon, idea; traitcommon, idea
4. diamondcommon, thing; schoolcommon, thing
5. Dr. Richard Jarvikproper, person; heartcommon
thing
Part B
Guidelines: Each sentence should be complete and should
use both the common and proper forms of the given noun.
Writers Choice: Grammar Enrichment, Grade 6
53
Answers
PAGE 7
PAGE 11
Part A
1. theater; singular
2. sea; singular
3. Astronauts; plural
4. Dancers; plural
5. Lilies; plural
6. family; singular
7. leaves; plural
8. patio; singular
9. jury; plural
10. Mice; plural
Part A
1. action
2. linking
3. linking
4. action
5. linking
Part B
Guidelines: Students should write sentences using desks,
potatoes, cities, foxes, and loaves.
Part A
1. past
2. future
3. past
4. present
5. present
Guidelines: Students should use a different tense from the
underlined verb.
Part A
1. writerswriters
2. Childrenschilds
3. fansfans
4. castlescastles
5. judgesjudges
Guidelines: Students should correctly use each new form
in an original sentence.
Part B
Guidelines: Students should correctly use each of these
noun forms in sentences.
1. Jacks
2. librarys
3. dogs
4. womens
5. stars
PAGE 9
Part A
1. inventedtransitive; cotton gin
2. developedtransitive; vaccine
3. wadesintransitive
4. collectstransitive; fans
5. growintransitive
Part B
Guidelines: Check to make sure students use each action
verb correctly and include a direct object.
PAGE 10
Possible answers:
1. Monica knitted Rosa a nice hat.
2. Anita cooks her family delicious meals.
3. The committee awarded me the scholarship.
4. Stephan brought his mother flowers.
5. The teacher showed the class the South American art.
6. Daniel gave the students a speech.
7. My brother promised Dad three things.
8. Juan sold Alex his red bicycle.
9. The principal mailed her father the report card.
10. The secretary sent the president the package.
54
PAGE 12
Part B
Guidelines: Students should use a different tense from the
one expressed in the underlined verb.
PAGE 13
Part A
Guidelines: Students should use appropriate helping verbs
in their sentences.
Part B
1. present participle
2. past participle
5. past participle
Guidelines: Students sentences should show an understanding of present participles and past participles.
PAGE 14
Part A
Possible answers:
1. My sister is enjoying an informative television program right now. My sister was enjoying an informative television program last night.
2. Chickens and goats are wandering freely around our
farm. Chickens and goats were wandering freely
around our farm last month.
3. The stadium is filling quickly with hockey fans
tonight. The stadium was filling quickly with hockey
fans last Tuesday.
4. Snow is covering the rooftops of the houses and barns
this month. Snow was covering the rooftops of the
houses and barns last winter.
Part B
Guidelines: Students paragraphs should show an understanding of present progressive form usage.
PAGE 8
Part B
Guidelines: Make sure that the verbs are used as linking
verbs and the complement is underlined.
Answers
PAGE 15
PAGE 18
Part A
Possible answers:
1. The washing machine had started a new cycle.
2. Dorothy has traveled to many new places.
3. My parents have arranged for us to go camping.
4. Our flight had departed before we arrived at the
airport.
5. Vitali had raised money for the schools new
auditorium.
Part A
1. SheDeborah Sampson
2. ItNile
3. HePonce de Len; itFlorida
4. ItNobel Peace Prize; themAnwar Sadat and
Menachem Begin
5. HeJohn Hancock; itDeclaration of Independence
Part B
Guidelines: Sentences will vary but should use the verbs
has or have learned, had landed, has or have traded, and had
raced.
PAGE 16
PART A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sandra has drunk the juice.

He has given his old car to the Salvation Army.
Oki has broken the current record for speed skating.
The farmers have known when to harvest the corn.
I have swum the length of the pool three times.
Part B
Guidelines: Sentences will vary but should contain the following verbs:
1. helping verb + swum
2. rode
3. thought
4. drew
5. helping verb + written
PAGE 17
Part A
1. shesubject pronoun
2. themobject pronoun
3. shesubject pronoun; Isubject pronoun
4. herobject pronoun
5. usobject pronoun
6. hesubject pronoun
7. meobject pronoun
8. Isubject pronoun
Part B
1. He hid it in the backyard.
2. They swarmed around them.
3. The telephone rang, but she didnt answer it.
4. She looked through it.
5. He asked them to join the band.
6. It emerged from the cocoon.
7. It was she who answered the call from him.
8. He showed them their new homeroom.
Part B
Guidelines: Paragraphs will vary. Make sure students have
identified each subject and object pronoun and circled each
correct antecedent.
PAGE 19
Part A
1. itsteams
2. theirTheo and Lionels; hersAltas
3. herCandaces
4. herKatrinas
5. theirjudges
Part B
1. His
2. Her
3. his
4. Its
5. his
6. his
7. your
8. his
9. their
Part C
Guidelines: Answers will vary. Make sure students circle
only the possessive pronouns.
PAGE 20
Part A
Possible answers:
1. Everybody is meeting at noon.
2. Somebody is planning a trip during spring vacation.
3. Someone is throwing a surprise birthday party for
Ginny.
4. A few object to the noise.
5. Both are surely attending.
6. Several give Jonelle flowers.
Part B
1. his
2. their
3. their
4. its
5. her
6. his
55
Answers
PAGE 21
PAGE 25
Part A
1. redwhat kind; snowywhat kind
2. Greekwhat kind; goodwhat kind; expensive
what kind; livelywhat kind
3. newwhat kind; thosewhich one
4. dramawhat kind; twohow many;
Shakespeareanwhat kind
5. Bluewhat kind; jumbowhat kind
Part A
Adverbs will vary. Word modified and type of word will be
the same.
Possible answers:
1. quicklyfell; verb
2. oftenheld; verb
3. rathergloomy; adjective
4. verycarefully, adverb; carefullyremoved, verb
5. extremelyhappy; adjective
6. rarelymakes; verb
7. unusuallylate; adverb
8. upstairsran; verb
PAGE 22
Part A
Possible answers:
1. Thatdemonstrative adjective
2. Thearticle; thosedemonstrative adjective
3. Thesedemonstrative adjective; aarticle
4. anarticle; thisdemonstrative adjective
5. thatdemonstrative adjective; aarticle
Part B
Guidelines: Make sure that each article and demonstrative
is circled.
PAGE 23
Part A
Possible answers:
1. longestsuperlative
2. wettercomparative
3. shortestsuperlative
4. most delicioussuperlative
5. more frightenedcomparative
Part B
Guidelines: Sentence pairs should contain the following
adjectives:
1. quicker, quickest
2. more careful, most careful
3. kinder, kindest
4. more excited, most excited
5. more thoughtful, most thoughtful
PAGE 24
Part A
Answers are shown as follows: adjectiveform of adjective;
corresponding comparative or superlative form.
1. morecomparative; most
2. bestsuperlative; better
3. bettercomparative; best
4. lesscomparative; least
5. worstsuperlative; worse
Part B
Guidelines: Students paragraphs should include the
appropriate adjective forms for the number of things
being compared.
56
Part B
Guidelines: Student should think about whether the modified word is a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
PAGE 26
Part A
1. better
2. more slowly
3. least
4. farther
5. earliest
6. the most gracefully
Part B
Sentences will vary. Comparative forms are listed.
1. worse
2. more nearly
3. better
4. more carefully
Part C
Sentences will vary. Superlative forms are listed.
1. most frequently
2. longest
3. most quietly
4. hardest
PAGE 27
Part A
1. reallyadverb
2. welladverb
3. almostadverb
4. surelyadverb
5. reallyadverb
6. goodadjective
7. Mostadjective
8. badlyadverb
Part B
Guidelines: Student should circle each adverb and
underline each adjective.
Part B
Guidelines: Make sure the proper adjectives are capitalized.
Answers
PAGE 28
PAGE 31
Part A
Possible answers:
1. Nothing stopped Joey from reaching his goal.
2. No one had admired Lorenzos work before.
3. We want none of that negative thinking.
4. We werent doing anything wrong.
5. correct
Part A
Answers are shown as followsprepositional phraseuse,
word(s) modified.
1. of musicadjective phrase, sound; across the room
adverb phrase, floated; into the courtyardadverb
phrase, floated
2. of Arizonaadverb phrase, west; of Oregonadverb
phrase, south
3. beneath the bright stadium lightsadjective phrase,
crowd; to victoryadverb phrase, cheered
4. of flowersadjective phrase, kinds; at the garden
showadverb phrase, were displayed
5. of friendsadjective phrase, group; around the
campfireadverb phrase, gathered
Part B
Possible answers:
1. Karen does not want to go to the zoo this afternoon.
2. The weather forecast does not call for rain.
3. The scoutmaster has not (never) changed his mind.
4. The play is not being performed next Friday.
5. We have not looked for the missing tickets.
PAGE 29
Part A
Answers are shown as follows: prepositional phrase
preposition: object(s).
1. up San Juan Hillup: San Juan Hill
2. for the lost bookfor: book; on every shelf and
deskon: shelf and desk
3. to the Supreme Courtto: Supreme Court; of the
United Statesof: United States
4. Across from our schoolAcross from: school
5. over the riverover: river; through the woods
through: woods; to the campsiteto: campsite
Part B
Guidelines: Students should be aware of whether they are
using a prepositional phrase as an adjective or an adverb.
PAGE 32
Part A
1. Hoorayinterjection; andcoordinating
conjunction
2. Oopsinterjection; butcoordinating conjunction
3. Either, orcorrelative conjunctions; Wow
interjection
4. Ouchinterjection; andcoordinating conjunction
5. Phewinterjection
Part B
Guidelines: Students should use as many prepositional
phrases as are appropriate, underlining each prepositional
phrase once and each preposition twice.
Part B
Guidelines: Students should try to make sure that the
paragraph is written in a lively style and that it flows
smoothly.
PAGE 30
PAGE 33
Part A
1. her
2. me
3. it
4. them
5. whom
Part A
1. Fresh apples are sold at the corner market; plural
2. singular
3. singular
4. The spectators are watching the marching band
perform; plural
5. A fountain decorates the courtyard in front of the
palace; singular
Part B
Possible answers:
1. her
2. it
3. them
4. them
5. them
6. her
7. her, him
8. her
9. her
10. him
Part B
Guidelines: Answers will vary, but be sure the subjects and
verbs of the sentences agree in number.
PAGE 34
Part A
1. are; rosesplural
2. doesnt; pricesingular
3. is; listsingular
4. are; peopleplural
5. is; dollhousesingular
57
Answers
PAGE 35
Part A
Answers are shown as follows: subject-verb; correct or corrected verb.
1. Marisa and Philippeplan; correct
2. Neither Jennifer nor Ingridlikes; correct
3. Both snow and icecovers; cover
4. Ian or Kylebuild; builds
5. Sonia and Ibrings; bring
Part B
Guidelines: Answers will vary, but each verb should agree
with its compound subject.
PAGE 36
Part A
1. its
2. lay
3. already
4. Theyre
5. beside
6. sit
7. altogether
8. Two
Part B
Guidelines: Check to be sure each word is used correctly.
PAGE 37
Part A
1. What time does the party start? Jill asked.
2. Its two oclock, Miguel replied. Can you come?
3. Yes, Ill be there. Who else is coming?
4. Miguel thought for a moment. Bobby is coming, he
said, and Sandy will be there, too.
5. It sounds like fun. I cant wait, Jill said.
Part B
Guidelines: Students should capitalize the first word in
each sentence, quotation, and salutation.
58
PAGE 38
Part A
1. Dr. Smithson says I am completely healthy.
2. That book was written by T. L. Gonzalez and Clifford
Lake Jr.
3. The thirty-sixth president of the United States was
Lyndon Baines Johnson.
4. Yesterday Chief Hernandez gave us a tour of the fire
station.
5. Tomorrow Uncle Herbert and Aunt Vivian are taking
me to the zoo.
Part B
Guidelines: Completed sentences should be logical. All
proper nouns should be capitalized.
PAGE 39
Part A
1. The city of Pittsburgh is located where three rivers
meet.
2. They are the Ohio River, the Allegheny River, and the
Monongahela River.
3. The Potomac River runs south of the Washington
Monument in Washington, D.C.
4. There are many monuments in Washington, including
the Lincoln Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial, and
the Washington Monument.
5. Washington is located in the East and is also the home
of the White House.
Part B
Guidelines: Students should be sure to capitalize the names
of all specific places.
PAGE 40
Part A
1. Italian and French foods are my favorites.
2. Readers Digest has many interesting and informative
articles.
3. Many banks close in observation of Martin Luther
King Jr. Day.
4. We celebrate the signing of the Declaration of
Independence every July.
5. Members of the Future Farmers of America raise animals to show at the state fair.
Part B
Guidelines: Each completed sentence should be logical.
Proper nouns and proper adjectives should be capitalized.
Part C
Guidelines: Students should capitalize and circle all proper
nouns and proper adjectives.
Part B
Possible answers:
1. The football game begins at two oclock.
2. The fans of each team dress in that teams colors.
3. There is the school marching band.
4. The leader of the band waves his hand.
5. A star of stage and screen sings the national anthem.
6. A vase of flowers stands on the table.
7. Cheerleaders for our side build a human pyramid.
8. Classes at the university begin next week.
Answers
PAGE 41
Part A
1. !Interjection; ?interrogative
2. !exclamatory
3. .imperative
4. .declarative
5. .declarative
6. !interjection; !exclamation
7. .declarative
8. ?interrogative
Part B
Guidelines: Be sure students use the correct end mark for
each sentence.
PAGE 42
Part A
1. Yes, I have practiced singing every day.
2. Under this stack of books, you will find my letter of
recommendation.
3. Yes, I am helping Miranda pick out a new dress.
4. They played football, baseball, and basketball.
5. Across the street from my house, a new house is
under construction.
6. No, I didnt see that television program.
7. Well, the track team had an excellent season.
8. Kristoff s coin collection includes coins from Brazil,
Chile, Mexico, Germany, Korea, and Egypt.
Part B
Guidelines: Sentences will vary. Commas should be used
correctly.
PAGE 43
Part A
1. Mother, will you meet me at the dentists office?
2. Michael, you must admit, is an excellent dancer.
3. Yes, Leigh, I played the piano for the senior citizens.
4. Chicago is, I believe, very cold this time of year.
Part B
Guidelines: Sentences will vary. Commas should be used
correctly.
Part C
Guidelines: Students should write a paragraph using
commas where needed.
PAGE 44
Part A
1. Jessica wanted to go for a walk, but Casper wanted to
play a game.
2. The first group of tourists gathered at the pool, and
the second group met near the theater.
3. We should start back soon, or it will grow too dark for
us to find our way.
4. The author of the book met with her fans, and later
she wrote them letters.
5. The first choir to perform in the contest did a good
job, but the last choir was superb.
6. We may take a class trip to the art museum, or we

may tour a local television station.
Part B
Guidelines: Students should write a compound sentence
for each topic given. They should include sentences with
and, but, and or
PAGE 45
Part A
1. Instead of red, blue paper was used for the
decorations.
2. Long before, she had left the application forms with
her school counselor.
3. Inside the house, cats with claws can be a problem.
4. Without waiting for Susan, Edward started working
on the project.
5. In winter, snow sometimes prevents children from
going to school.
Part B
Guidelines: Students should write a friendly letter using
commas in the appropriate places.
PAGE 46
1. The colonies declared their independence on July 4,
1776.
2. Cynthia Durrell, M.D., is my doctor.
3. She went to Mexico City, Mexico, to visit her friend.
4. I would like to visit Mexico, too.
5. You had better hurry, Juan said, because the plane
is about to take off.
6. Stacy does not want to tell us why June 8, 1988, is an
important date.
7. She said, It may not be important to anyone else, but
it is very important to me.
8. The workshop will be headed by Yuri Krokoff, Ph.D.
9. Nine more states want to participate, too.
10. Is it my mistake, Juan wondered, or did he give me
the wrong address?
PAGE 47
Part A
Guidelines: Students should check to make sure commas
are used correctly.
Part B
Guidelines: Students should check to make sure commas
are used correctly.
PAGE 48
Part A
1. In her picnic basket Shawna included the following
items: food, plates, cups, and napkins.
2. The weather was warm and sunny; the park was
crowded.
3. Shawna and her friends arrived at 12:30 P.M.
4. Enrico and Tim took a walk; they saw several people
they knew.
59
Answers
Part B
Guidelines: Students should check to make sure semicolons and colons are used correctly.
PAGE 49
Part A
1. Carol read the book Little House on the Prairie after
seeing a magazine article titled Laura Ingalls Wilder:
Great American Writer.
2. The drama groups production of Our Town was
highly entertaining.
3. The Swing is one of my favorite poems.
4. Sports Illustrated is my favorite magazine, said
Kima.
5. My mother, Clark told us, reads the Wall Street
Journal every morning.
6. Have you seen the movie Gone with the Wind?
asked Joy.
7. What did Scarlett mean when she said, Tomorrow is
another day?
8. The principal yelled, Dont run in the hall!
Part B
Guidelines: Students should check to make sure that
quotation marks and other punctuation marks are
used correctly.
PAGE 50
Part A
1. Its
2. Robertos
3. wont
4. Theyre, Clarks
5. Shapiros, childrens
6. Tims
7. Were, its
8. Beckys
Part B
1. This store has twenty-two different kinds of model
trains.
2. There was a mix-up about the elementary schools
science fair.
3. One train looks like the one my great-grandfather
drove.
4. He was a railroad engineer for thirty-six years.
5. I am proud of being first runner-up in the essay
contest.
60
6. The sign on the door read, John D. Owen,

Attorney-at-Law.
7. The lab assistant ran forty-three experiments before
one succeeded.
8. The store specializes in ready-made clothing.
PAGE 51
Part A
1. MN
2. Sr.
3. Mon.
4. Oct.
5. A.D.
6. Ave.
7. ft.
8. DE
9. Thurs.
10. Jr.
11. g
12. NEA
13. CIA
14. NPR
15. HUD
Part B
1. The companys address is Iris Sanchez Flowers, Inc.,
2633 Pine Tree Ct., Coraopolis, PA.
2. Date your exam as follows: Sept. 23, 2001.
3. When I grow up, I want to work for NASA.
4. On your chart, write 11:30 A.M. and 11:30 P.M.
5. Mr. Petrov is opening stores with Dr. Ronald
Coleman Jr.
PAGE 52
Part A
1. The new restaurant has fifty-six different kinds
of pizza.
2. correct
3. Last night I counted 15 million sheep.
4. Jodi won first place in the hog-calling contest.
5. Two hundred thousand people attended the citys
celebrations.
6. At 2:15 P. M., about 50 percent of the 2 million people
in the city lost their electricity.
7. The auditorium has seats for 250 people.
8. Her boyfriend lives at 55 Cassady Avenue.
Part B
Guidelines: Paragraph should contain several numbers.
Students should follow the rules for writing numbers.
5. They saw these classmates: Kiko, Tabitha, Paul,

Jacques, and Melinda.
6. Newton met Paul near the popcorn stand; he bought
two bags of popcorn.

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Grammar and Composition

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is

Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences

Using Pronouns Correctly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Action Verbs and Direct Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Common and Proper Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Sentences and Sentence Fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Adjectives and Proper Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Adverbs Modifying Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections

Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and Salutations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Using Troublesome Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Making Subjects and Verbs Agree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Glossary of Special Usage Problems

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Using the Period and Other End Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Sentences and Sentence Fragments

A. Identifying Sentences and Sentence Fragments

Decide whether each group of words below is a sentence or a sentence fragment.

B. Writing Complete Sentences

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

3. announced the shocking news _______________________________________________