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ULWUR.

OF

GAZETTEER

BY

P.

MAJOR
LATE

W.

tPOWLETT,
OFFICER

SETTLEMENT

OF

ULWUR.

LONDON:
TRUBNER

"

CO.,

LUDGATE

1878.

HILL.

gallanivne
fJrrss.

HALLANTYNE,

HANSON
ANJ)

EDINBURGH
AND

LONDON

CO.

ERRATA.

Page

19,

line

20,
"

from

top,

from

bottom,

from

15

for

"

"

for

top,

31,

21
"

32,

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"

37,

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20

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39,

24

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52,

for

"

for

"

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for

"

"

"

from

95,
"

"

"

105,

127,

14

"

Chauhdm,"

"

"

"

"

from

,,

136,

21

from

Das,"

140,

top,

Dadoi,"
"

"

13

"

bottom,

"

154,

for

"

from

"

160,
"

162,

"

14

"

from

"

"

"

,,198,
"

198,

11
"

from

read

property.''

Silhet."

"

see

191,"

page
see

pages

189."

"

read

Sakh."

the

"

Revenue,

read

read

for

"191,"

for

"

189."

"

189."

"

read"

189."

192,"

188,

Alwar,"

for

"

partly

read

read

"

"

in,"

for

"

read

for

"

tahsis,"

"

partly

read

"

Banisrdwab,"
read

"

"

for

"

Kahir,"

read

"

"

top,

/or

bottom,

"

Dasapra,"

for

"

88,"

read

read

"

"

"

Kalian."
Kabir."

Dasahra."

98."

in

Kater."

tahsils."

read

Kahan,"

189."

187,

Ulwur."

"

"

"

from

"c.,

191,"

"

bottom,/or

"

Nakh,

bighas."

"

"

"

8
"

"

read

and

191,"

for

197,
"

"

top,

"

197,
"

read

area,

"

9
"

property,"

rates

"

196,

this

dekhat."

"

"

"

comma

Silthet,"

191,"

"

bottom,

"

11

Dds."

"

30

"

read

"

for

"

144,

Ldl

Dadu."

between

for

for

from

Chauhdn."

"

"

dekhai,"

"the

"

,,142,

Mathura."

"

read

acres,"

bottom,

"

at

"

read

"

for

28
"

Phyllanthus."

Baldeo."

"

for

"

139,
"

after

Lds

rent

"

death,

Bulhul."

"

read

"

2
"

"

"

15
"

"

"

for

"

97,

read

for

24

"

Mathra,"

omit

"

his

"

bottom,

10

"

read

"

"

"

67,

Before

trees."

"

read

"

for

"

66,

"

1857."

"

13

"

read

stop

for

"

read

turmoil,

Bubbul,"

"

24

61,

Samrat."

Phythanthus,"

omit

"

59,

"

"

13

"

Kucbawan."

read

"

"

"

death,"

of

year

tree,"

"

for

"

36,

"

his

read

"

36

.,

the

for

"

Samral,"

Before

"

in

"

"

for

"

23,

Huchdwan,"

"

Bainsrdwat."

read
187

"present
and

189."

in

PART

I.

HISTORICAL

SKETCH.

CHAPTER

present territory of

THE

contains

called

the

extent,
tracts

03

and

of

country,

"3 its

the

Rajawat

lies

the

head

Rajputs,

the

on

of

and

of

whom
of

of

be

to

Dehli,

the

or

It lies S.W.
from

It is the

Naruka
of

that

Dehli,

city.

of

country

battle

with

in

several

Chauhan

living representative

fell in

who

of

composed

distant

the

miles

square

Narukhand

miles

border.

claims

3024

is

Mewdt.

thirty-five

north-west

is

800,000,

portions

country,
about

which

State,
of about

Wai,

Raj, king

Pirthwi

famous

Raht,

Raht

Ulwur

population

point being

nearest

The

the

the

I.

the

of

the

invading

Musalmans.
Wai

The
of

is

the

on

Shekhawat

the

which

clan,

and

border,

western

is

is

in

important

BO

chiefly by Rajputs

occupied
the

adjoining State

of

Jaipur.
Rajawat

The

country,

powerful Rajawat
regarding

description
Mewat,

it is

territory

In

notice

some

within
about
Rewari

that

ancient
a

line

or

to

the

the

in

the

the

was

by

the
"

under
of

and

part

important

most

in
now

once

Rajputs.

of the

centre

More

general

The

included

within

usually
sketch

of

for

is in

More

famous

hills

the

limits

centuries

many

Ulwur

State,

town.

Mewat.

been

historical

Naruka

the

II.

the

near

territoryof

Districts," and

Part

too, is

too, has

An

running

largest

State,

portion,

must,

the

then, begin

tract.

of

country

somewhat

is situated

are

of this

found

beginning

of the

its Government.

The

the

at

of Mewtlt

strongholds

with

State

held

was

will be

tracts

now

the

south-west,

south-east,

of which

Ulwur.
t of

Jaipur.

which

half

and
of

of the

of

city of Ulwur,

The

than

small

these

the

Rajputs

in the

Narukhand,

in

Mewat

may

irregularly

above

longitude

the
of

northwards

latitude

point

roughly

six

of

be
from

Rewari,

miles

described

west

in

Dig
then
of

Bhartpur

westwards
the

city
A

356120

contained

as

of

to

below

Ulwur,

(
then

nnd

south

would

to the Bdrah

Dig,

to

run

stream

and

)
The

in Ulwur.

approximatelyform

line then
the

wards,
turning eastsouthern
boundary

of the tract.
The
lie the

Mewat

country possesses

city of

north-east

those

the

important. Tijara,lying near


the first place in Mewat*

the most

were

with

and

Ulwur

Those under which


several hill ranges.
which form
the present boundary to the

for

Ulwur

tended
latter,con-

they are Musaland claim to be of Rajput extraction (see Meos). They must
not,
mans,
chiefs of the Persian historians,
with the Mewatti
however, be confounded
who
probably,the representativesof the ancient Lords of Mewat.
were,
called Khdnzadas
These
Mewattis
were
(see Khanzadas), a race which,
far superior to the
and
is socially
like the Meos, was
though Musalman
Meos, who have no love for them, but who in times past have united with
for which Mewdt
them
in the raids and insurrections
was
so
famous, and
The

which

of the

mass

made

it

of
population

thorn

in

the

Mewdt

are

side of the

called Meos

Dehli

emperors.

In

fact,the
"

"

usually refers to the ruling class,while " Meo


expression Mewatti
designatesthe lower orders. The latter term is evidentlynot of modern
origin,though it is not, I believe,met with in history,and the former is,
I think, now
having taken its place.
unusual, " Khdnzada"
Mewat
is repeatedlymentioned
by the bard Chand in the Pirthwi Rdj
of
Mewdt
Lord
Rdsa.
(Mendtpatti)^is described as doing homage
Mahesh,
Chauhan
of Ajmir in s. 821 (A.D. 764), and his descendant
to Bisaldeo
"
was
Mungal
conquered by the famous Pirthwi Raj of Dehli.
Mungal
and Pirthwi Raj married sisters,
who were
of
the Dahima
daughters
Rajput,
Chief of Biana, whose
fort was
afterwards
celebrated in Mughal history.
so
of Mewat
of the Jadii Rajput clan, would
That
these Lords
were
from
the fact that local tradition declares it,and from converted
appear
Jddiis being called by the old Musalman
historians " Mewdttis,"fa term
Chand
chief of the Lunar
the Jddii
appliesto a Mewdt
race
race, of which
Maharaja of Karauli calls himself the head (see page 3, note f).
The earliest mention
of Mewat
far as
by the Musalman
historians,
so
I can
is
in
the
Tarikh
Firoz
where
its
control
Shdhi,
ascertain,
by the
Emperor Shamsuddin
Altamsh, who died in A.D.
1235, is alluded to.J
after
Some
that date, Ghiyasuddin Balban, before he came
to the
years
Governor
of
when
Hdnsi
and
and
himself
in
throne,
Rewari, distinguished
of Mewdt. "
After
the accession of
expeditionsagainst the inhabitants
Balban
in A.D.
to
1265, he felt the repressionof the plunderersof Mewat
be the first of his duties.
the
of
in
those
Owing to
neglect
they
power,
had become
troublesome
indeed
aided
the
and
extent
by
density
; and,
very
of the jungles, which
reached
to the
raids
city of Dehli, they made
the
to the walls, and
even
gates had to be shut at afternoon prayer,
"

"

Elliot's Mus.

Hist.,vol. iv. p. 273.

1 1bid.,vol. iii.p. 104.

-fBlochman's

Aiu-i-Akbari,vol. i. p.

334.

" Brigg'sTranslation of Farishta,voL i. p. 249.

(
after which

city,and

hour

no

ventured

one

)
At

out.

night they prowled

into the

felt very insecure.


The Emperor organised an
were
expedition against the Mewattis, of whom
large numbers
put to the
the

inhabitants

in the vicinityof the city,and


established
posts were
placed in charge of Afghdns, with assignments of land for maintenance,
and the army
being supplied with hatchets,cleared away the woods round
The
well culDehli.
tract thus cleared was
tivated.*
considerable,and became
This operationof Balban's
to have been so effectual that
seems

sword.

Police

of Mewdt

there is little mention


chiefs of Mewat
authorities
find

appear

at Dehli.

hundred

For after the death

years,

during which

relations
satisfactory
of

Ffroz

Emperor

with

Shah

the
the

in 1 388,

Kotila
at
Mewdtti, whose
or
stronghold was
the
of
noble
a
at
place
powerful
Tijdra hills,occupying
Dehli.
This Bahddar
Ndhar, a Jadii Rdjput by birth, is the reputed
founder of the Khauzada
became
renowned
in the history
so
race, which
of the empire,f
In conjunction with
the household
slaves
of Ffroz
Shah, Bahadar
Ndhar
aided Abubakar, grandson of the late Emperor Firoz, in expelling
we

Kotal

Bahadar

for

maintained

to have

Ndhar

in the

from

Dehli

Abubakar's

uncle

Ndsiruddin,and

in

the
establishing

former

throne.

the

In a few months, however, Abubakar


had to give way
Ndhar's
Ndsiruddin, and he then fled to Bahddar
stronghold,
After a struggleAbubakar
Kotila,where he was pursued by Ndsiruddin.
and Bahddar
Ndhar
was
surrendered,and Abubakar
placed in confinement
for life,
but Bahddar
Ndhar
received a robe and was
allowed
to depart.
Two
Ndhar
later,the Emperor being ill,Bahddar
plundered the
years
to
of
the
but
before
he
had quite recovered
Dehli,
Nasiruddin,
country
gates
from
his illness,hastened
and attacked
to Mewdt
Kotila, from
whence
Bahddar
Ndhar
had to fly to Jhirka, a few miles to the south in
the same
for its springs.
of
hills,and remarkable
range
In A.D.
died, and Bahddar Ndhar, allied
1392, the Emperor Nasiruddin
with one
Mallii Yakbal
held
the
balance
between
rival claimants
two
Khan,
on

before

of

the

throne. |

He

would

the

other,so that for three


in the city of Dehli.

over

See

not

years

allow
there

either to
were

two

opponent,

one

Musalman

an

emperors

i. 255, and Musalman


Historians,vol. iii.p.
Chief who
was
Khan, the Mewdtti or Khanzdda

Brigg'sFarishta,vol.

t In speaking of Hasan

gain

historian

states that his

of Firoz Shah, when


Bahadar
Ndhar
Tijara,in the neighbourhood of which we

time

advantage
residing

104.

Bdbar's

great

familyhad enjoyedregalpower

flourished.

Tradition

up to the
tells of old Jddii chiefs of

of the Khdnzada

ever,
family. Bdbar,howin uninterruptedsuccession
governed Mewdt
for nearlytwo
hundred
datingthe importanceof the family from the time
years ; evidently
Ndhar
of Bahddar
Ndhar.
It is therefore most probablethat Bahadar
a member
of a
was
themselves relate (seepage 40),and that he
royalbut fallen Jddii family,as the Khdnzddas
his father became
to gratify
the Emperor Firoz and obtain power.
a Musalman
or
Historians.
Farishta,vol. i. p. 471 to 481, and Musalmau
J Brigg's
says

that Hasan

Khan's

ancestors

firsthear

had

(
Several

in

iu'ular Nahar

Nahar

sent

himself,make prominent
during the invasion of

historians,
includingthe great conqueror
of Bahddar

of the conduct

mention

Timurlang

1398.

A.D.

at
as

Timur

states

Kotila,to which
present

humble

he

sent

an

embassy

received.

reply was

parrots which

white

two

Nahar

that

to

Ba-

Bahddar

had

belonged to the late


much
prized by him.

remarks
that these parrotswere
Timur
Emperor.
had
and his son, togetherwith others who
Ndhar
Bahddar
Subsequently
to do homage to Timur.
taken refuge in Mewat, came
Amongst these
himself with the Mughal that,after
Khizar
was
Khan, who so ingratiated
of
the latter,
the departure
he, callinghimself Timur's viceroy,became
of his besieging
is made
of Hindustan, and mention
virtuallyemperor
Bahadar
Nuliar in Kotila,which he destroyed,and compelled the Mewattia
1421.*
to take refuge in the mountains, A.D.
of Bahddar
to have played
This is the last mention
Nahar, who seems
than
the political
The
a prominent part on
thirtyyears.
stage for more
of hills where

range

for defence
a

series of

he had

established

and
(seeTijdra),

on

himself

he and

them

strongholds,the ruins of which

was

his

well
peculiarly

family seem

suited

to have

had

still considerable.

are

The

succeeded
in A.D.
1421
by Saiyad
viceroy,Khizar
Khdn, was
The
Mewattfs
Mubdrak, who, in A.D. 1424, ravaged rebellious Mewdt.
took
laid
and
their
waste
having
refuge in the
depopulated
country,"
mountains
of
so
Jahra,"f a place which was
strong that the Emperor
had to return to Dehli without taking it. A year after he again marched
Jallii and Kaddu,t grandsons of Bahadar
against Mewdt, when
Ndhar,
who
and several Mewattis
had joined them, pursued the tactics adopted
the previousyear, and after laying waste
their own
took up a
territories,
After
position at Indor in the Tijara hills,ten miles north of Kotila.
driven from Indor, which the Emperor
resistingfor some
days, they were
The
retreated
of Ulwur, the
to the mountains
destroyed.
insurgents
with much
obstinacy,but eventuallythey
passes of which they defended
had to surrender.
These
repeated expeditionsagainst the Mewattis did
not render
them
and
four months
after the attack on
Ulwur
the
quiet,
had
send
them.
These
carried
to
Emperor
again
troops against
troops
fire and sword throughout the whole of Mewat," which, however, remained
a place of refuge to escaped prisoners.
In A.D.
1427, the Emperor, after putting to death Kaddii Mewatti
above mentioned, sent troops into Mewdt, the inhabitants
of which
as
"

"4

usual

abandoned

their towns

and

Brigg'sFarishta,vol. i. p. 495,

and

fled to the

Musalmau

mountains.

Historians,vol.

Jallii

iii.p.

(Bahddar

449, and vol. iv.

35, 53.

pp.

the initial letter of which was


t No doubt Tijara,
omitted.
J I can
find, local tradition notwithstanding,
historical mention
Bahadar
when

Ndhar

who

seems

to have

acting with his father's

" Brigg'sFarishta,vol.

old

been

of

allyMallu

i. p. 518, and

Mus.

any

This

account.

Yakbal

Khan,

Hist.,vol.

was

was

of

only

Mubdrak

assassinated

iv. p. 61.

one

son

of

Khdn, who,
by him.

(
Ndhar's

Ahmad

grandson),with

accept
In

Rewad
In

the

1428,

A.D.

least subdued

spoken

A.D.

1450,

of

as

Khan

king

Lodi

appointedhis

court

of

Jaunpur,f

his conduct

was

induced

in the
In

his

at

and

the

In

A.D.

1526

seat

Khan,
a

Lodi
of

was

of Dehli
possession

should

not

be

mere

pay

him

and

to

time

at

tribute.

His

Mewattf,who

first
held

Dehli, submitted

to

"

parganahs (subdivisions
med
as
tributary.Ah-

to be

for

time

visit from

upon

us

ance
perpetuallyin attendwith
the
struggle
supported the latter,

Bahlol's

the

Emperor, to

that Mewdt

whom

he

included

not

was

reallysubjectedit.J
the throne

of Dehli.

At

Imperial Governor, and a Mewatti


officers.
distinguished
"

this
or

of his

appeared in India.
Babar, who
Lang, after winning the battle

Agra

raid like

and

determined

Timur's, but the

that

foundation

claimed
of

his
of

to

Panipat,

enterprise
a

new

and

Rajputs made their last great struggle


for independence. They were
led by Rana
Sankha, a chief of Mewdr,
Hasan
aid the nation from which
who invited the Mewatti
to
chief,
Khan,
horde of Musalmans
from the north.
he had sprung
in resistingthe new
The political
positionof Hasan Khan at this time was a very important
in
one.
Babar, in his autobiography, speaks of him as the prime mover
of the period. He
insurrections
he
all the confusions
and
had,
states,
marks
of favour,but the affections
vainly shown Hasan Khan
distinguished
the Hindoos
of the infidel lay all on the side of the Pagans
i.e.,
;
his opposition
and the propinquityof his country to Dehli, no doubt, made
especially
dangerous. Hasan Khan's seat at this time was at Ulwur, but
local tradition says that he was
established
at
Bahddarpur,
originally
eight miles from Ulwur, which was then in the possessionof the Nikunipa
Rajputs.||Babar's great victoryover the Rajputsand Mewattis at Fatahpur
lastingempire.

Then

it was

an

one

new

power
be the representative
of Timur
took

"

Khan

never

sat

had

the remainder

tells

Lodi, who

Sikandar

Alain

Babar

bably
pro-

fort of

chief.

Khan

Sarai," near

Mewatti

another

But

for

imperial throne.

Ahmed

seven

and

to

Mewatti

to the

Mubarak

Khan

of Bahlol

1488

of

representative. During

Ahmed

Mewat,

to

inhabitants

Ladhii

to

brought him

period Tijdrawas
Khdnzada,

acceded

uncle

to submit.

kingdom
A.D.

the

deprived of
permitted to hold

was

as

marched

againstMewat.

was

Fakaruddin,who

Dehli.*

being in the hands

Bahlol

Malik

and

to

Emperor again

the country "from


Mahrauli
the imperialforce and was
but
districts),

return

country, obliging

the

is

militarymovement

of

Khati

and

contribution

war

family, collected a force within the


bravely that the imperial commander

belonged to the same


Ulwnr, and defended it so
a

that the

"

Brigg'sFarishta,vol. i. p.

Ibid.,vol. i.p. 553, and Mus.

521.

t Mus. Hist.,vol. iv. p. 2(3:!.


" Brigg'sFarishta, vol. i. p. 566
||lu five of the six lists of

the

Hist

Hist.,vol. v.
thirty-sixroyal races
;

Mus.

p. 97.
of

Itdjputscollected by

Colonel

(
relieved him

Sikri

with respect
difficulty

of further

after the battle.

proceededimmediately
the struggleor he had immediately
Bdbar
by his relations.
instigated
Sikri,and

pur

the banks

on

after the fifth

afterwards
"

encamped

been

Mewdt, where

had

murdered

from

messenger

the
from

he

either fallen in

by

four marches

six kos
A

to

Khdn

advanced

Manisni."*

of the River

Hasan

servant

from

Fatah-

Fort

of

Hasan

Ulwur,
Khan's

ance
Khdn, arrived begging for pardon, and on receivingan assur"
bestowed
Khdn
who
him
Nahar
to
on
a
came
Bdbar,
safety,
pargana" of several lacs (ofdams, of which fortygo to the rupee), for his

Ndhar

son,

of

support
Bdbar

"

that

states

Hasan

Khan's

had

ancestors

made

their

capitalat

ment."
Mewat, Ulwur was the "seat of Governof
which
he
still
The conqueror
bestowed
the city
Tijara,
nates
desig"
Chin Timiir Sultan,
the capital of Mewat," on a follower named
Fardi
with fiftylacs of dams.
the right
Khan, who had commanded
flank in the battle of Fatahpur Sikri, received
of
the
Fort of
charge
himself visited and examined
the Fort, where he spent a
Ulwur.
Babar
his son
on
f and the treasure in which he bestowed
Humaiyiin.
night,

Tijara," but

The

he

when

political
power

to

came

of the

Khanzada

chiefs of

Mewat

was

now

manently
per-

Nahar
and
broken, aud they do not again appear, like Bahadar
Hasan
Khan, as the powerful opponents or principalallies of emperors.
of Mughal Governors
Fort Commandants
There was
a regularsuccession
or
of Ulwur
and Tijara; stone
the hills in the
were
run
across
causeways
ligious
neighbourhood of Kotila and Tijara; and the anecdotes of Lai Das, a rereformer
half Hindu, half Musalman
who flourished in Mewat
in
the time of Akbar
and Shah Jahan, are full of oppressions,practisednot
by local potentates settled in the country, but by Mughal officers. The
still retained local importance, which, as will be subsequently
Khanzadas
shown, did not quite disappear until the present century. The extent
of the territory
held
is pretty well indicated by the Musalman
they once
and
local remains.
Rewari
at times
was
historians,
existingtraditions,
"

Tod

the

name

"

"

Nikumpa

Nikumpa.race, except

"

appears

but

Tod

could

find out

they preceded the Sesodias


Ulwur, he would have discovered
that

at

nothing of
Mandelgarh in

the

historyof

Mewar.

Had

the
hia

that local tradition declares the


inquiriesextended to
Nikumpa to have been the earliest possessors of the town and fort of Ulwur, and of the
in Ramgarh, is said to have
longed
besurrounding territory. Khilora, an important village
is attributed
to them.
The
to them, and the first erection of the fort of Indor
ruling Nikumpa family is said to have sprung from the no longer existingvillageof Ab-

haner, the

site of which

removed

from
Ulwur.

nearer

lies about

nine

miles

north

of Ulwur

in the Dehra

a locality
valley,

(seeReligion,
page 53). According to a local rhyme they
is situated deeper in the hills,
to Dadikar, which
Abhaner
and somewhat
Rai Nikumpa is said to have assumed
At
the title of
Dadikar, Chand

respects remarkable

in other

Raja.
*

The

Bdrah

or

Riiparel. It

is called

Laswarree.

t Mus.

Hist.,vol. iv. pp.

202-273.

"

Mahnus

Nye

"

in Thorn's

plan

of the battle of

Gurgaom, not far from Tijara,considerable


tombs
and ruins now
existing are attributed to them, and the Khanzadas
1484
kheras
themselves
that they held
declare
(towns and villages),
Mewat.
all
a
However,
comparison of their genealogies
extending over
that little dependhistories seems
and records with the Persian
to show
ence
the former, though, no
is to be placed on
doubt, they indicate
held

by them,

Sonah

at

in

general facts.
after Babar's

in A.D.
1540
death, his successor, Humaiyun, was
followed
Sher Shah, who, in A.D.
by
supplanted by the Pathan
1545, was
of
the
the
latter
battle
and
lost
Islam
Shah.
a
was
reign
During
fought
by the Emperor'stroops at Ffrozpur Jhirka,in Mewat, on which, however,
Soon

Shah

Islam
An

loose his hold.

did not

inscriptionon

been

constructed

under

orders

Chand

by

from

in

fine tank

Islam

Governor

Kazi,
and

Shah,

Ulwur

the

Fort

of

that it

the

that

states

Fort

(Hakim

completed in

was

it had

Killa),
958

H.

(A.D.

1550).
Shah,

Adil

had

1552,

A.D.

Adil

Shah

of

third

the

for the

to contend

had

brave

and

in Native
man

on

was

of

and

in

in

the

called

present

Hemii

Mewat.

reliable
been

is said to have

He

after his

baniya caste,

is

from
the
sprung
nistrators
soldiers and admi-

who, though

men

valiant

most

in

Humaiyun.
ordinarily
extraby Hemii, an

or

included

succeeded

returned

of Macheri

native

class

the

throne

trading

apparently

States.

bazaar, and

in the

he

with

the

of

man,

I mention
as
Dhiisar, whom
then
Ulwur
territory,and
of
the
that
perhaps
greatest
trading order, are often the

who
interlopers,

Empire

established

been

able

Pathdn

the

rise he

originallya weigh-

enabled

only

not

Adil

Shah

to

the Mughals reappeared


opposed him, but when
he resisted them
successfully,and was regarded by them as the
have
foes.
It seems
formidable
of
their
most
probable that he would
in finallydefeating the invaders, but
that he was
succeeded
mortally
when
wounded
winning a victoryat Panipat. Before his death he was

triumph

taken

before

induce

the

Bairam

and
but

brave
but

Ulwur,
Ajmir.
much
and

At

Bairam

Khan.

to

slay him

with

his

hand,

killed him

and
he

himself.

wealth,
Haji Khan,

able
did

He

general.

was

was

Macheri, however,

where

and

it

when

he

togetherwith

the late

settingup

refused,
to take

his

family,

Sher

Shah,

Emperor
pretensions to

resist Akbar's

Hemii's

tried to

latter

into Mewat

and

rule

in

fled

to

troops,
family resided, there

captured. Hemii's father


attempted. The attempt failed,and

before

conversion

of

The

sent

was

there

slave

to

not

own

force

which

venture

resistance
his

and

of Hemii's

also to reduce
a

Akbar

young

Emperor

Khan

possession

the

first

who

those

over

was

taken

was

he

was

was

alive,
put

death.*
In

these

strugglesfor

the

Mus.

restoration

Hist,

of Babar's

vol. iv. p. 484.

dynasty

Khanzadas

to

do

apparently
by

them

marrying

the

Hasan

Khan,

opponent,
to

of

marry

and
retired

having

to
to
to

have

soldiers

great
been
in

the

the

went

and

enough,

the

armies.

imperial

Mus.

Blochman's

Hist.,

the

of

have

may

empire,

This

whence

the

Khdnzddas

people

have

to

become

vol.

iv.

p.

Ain-i-Akbari,

295,

vol.
vol.

v.

i.

pp.
p.

spoken

Bairdm

Ulwur,

Mewat

the

once

security.

return,
to

of

hills

the
nobles

discontented

quiet

and

court

though

But

return.

the

left

once

was

Akbar's

After

is

he
in

Hinddl,
after

Mewdt

Humaiyun
he

of
Bairam

Mirza

of

conciliated

nephew

minister,

great

charge

with
where

Khan,

Mewdtti.

same

in

placed

expulsion.*

offended,

the

Jamdl

have

to

seems

his

causing

by
of

Ulwur,

to

Humaiyuu's

and

contending

when

of

daughter

elder

been

had

Humaiyun

all.

at

daughter

younger

Humaiyun,

Babar,

figure

not

391.

189,

202.

was

Khan,
he

was

been
of

Babar's

Khan,
brother
death

of

of
before
when
induced
attractive

Mewdt

seem

distinguished

as

II.

CHAPTER

reduced

when

MEWAT,

to

yielded a
subjection,

revenue

of

169,81,000

Babar, who includes it in his list of conquered states. It


Ain-i-Akbari that the country was divided into two
from the
appears
to the Siibah,
and Tijdra. Both pertained
Ulwur
Sirkdrs,"or districts,
"
did not officially
Mewdt"
disappear,
or
province of Agra; but the term
sometimes
continued to be appointed. The office was
of Mewdt
as
faujdars
taiikas

to

"

"

"

held with
The

the Siibah

Sirkar

of

of Dehli.
contained

Ulwur

43

which
subdivisions,
2,457,410 bighas (1,535,881

Mahdls

or

of
having an area
comprised 1612 villages,
of 5,924,232 dams, Rs. 1,48,105.
acres),and yieldinga revenue
Mahdls

were

as

follow

Presumably Sikandari

"

tankas,or Rs. 8,490,50. See Thomas

Pathan's

Kings of Dehli,

p. 391.

t Blochman's

Translation

The

of

Xin-i-Akbari,
p. 493.
B

10

(
(24.)Mubarikpur,situated
(25.)Baroda Meo, do.
(26.)Ismallpur, do.
do.
(27.)Khairtal,
do.
(28.)Harsauli,
(29.)Toda Bhil,
(30.)Antela Bhalera,
(31.)Bairat,
(32.)Balhar,
(33.)Baroda Tatali Khan,

(34.)Ghata,

within the limits of the present Tahsil


do.

do.
do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Ramgarh.
Lachmangarh.
Kishengarh.
of

Lfsana,

or

(35.)Hasanpur Mundawar,
(36.)Kiyara,alias Bhangarh,
(37.)GhatPiran, a/t'osRampur,
(38.)MandaorA,

Generallyin Jaipurterritory.

(39.)Bbitwaii,
(40.)Bhadawar,
(41.)Nahar Kho,
(42.)Muhaniraadabad,

(43.)Koladar,
The

Sirkar

of

villages,with an
3,22,92,880dams,

Tijarawas
of

area

Us.

or

made

up

of

Mahals, containing 253


125,600 acres, and yielding

18

200,976 bighas, or
807,322. The Mahals

were"

(1.)Tijara.

(2.)Indor, in

the

present Tahsil

do.
(3.)Pur,
do.
Bambohra,
(4.)
(5.)Ghar Kd Thana,
(6.)Ujfoa,
(7.)UraraUmrl,

of

do.

Tijara.
Kishengarh.

do.
do.

(8.)Pfnagwan,
(9.)Jhamrawat,
(10.)Kbanpur,

(11.)Sakras,
(12.)Santhawari,
(13.)FirozpurJhir,
(14.)Tatahpur,

Generallyin Gurgaom

district of British

territory.

(15.)Kotla,
(18.)
Kharera,
(17.)Besuni,
(18.)Nagina,
Akbar

appears

to

have

(A.D. 1579), he visited

given

some

attention

to

Mewdt

In

H.

957

Ulwur
his way to Fatahpur Sikri.
on
tradition says that under
his direction a turbulent class called
Malliks,who were
settled at Mungana, a few miles south of Ulwur
city,
was
and the present village
exterminated,
of Akbarpur founded on the site
of Mungana, which was
in the
destroyed. But no mention of this is made
Local

11

history of Badaiini, although the historian

Persian

his visit to
to

Mewat

Islam.

There

Malliks

of

but

Ulwur,
given the Mughal
tradition speaks of but one

Even

none

in the

but

emeute

have

to

and

In

fact,

little real

part of

the

on

occurred

verted
con-

north

survive.

now

serious

This is said

the old rulers of the country.


zeb's time, when
Khdn
Ikram

both

on

Rajputs

been

Government

have

to

them

Akbar

with

was

have

to

seem

traditions of

were

the south

to

as

seems

trouble.

These

Ulwur.*

well

east, as

from

in

Aurang-

plundered the country and took


of Tijarahis standard and kettledrum.
But it is not

the Governor

Khan

Khanzada

reallyformidable (seeTijara).
Hakiui
An
old book f in the possessionof one
Zakaria, of Ulwur,
Sawdi
Jai Singh of Jaipur obtained
Ulwur
in
states that the famous
However, he was
permittedto hold it for a few
jdgir from Auraugzeb.
because
it
the
out
to
was
pointed
Emperor that the fort was
years only,
Dehli to be left in the possessionof the Jaipur
too strong and too near
a
Raja. The Emperor sent a person to make
plan of the Ulwur fort,
after
of
the
hands
of
Sawdi
Jai Singh, he repaired
it
out
taking
which,
and garrisoned with imperialtroops. It would
that Aurangzeb
appear
himself visited Ulwur, for the inscriptionon
in the citynotifies
a mosque
it was
built by his order.
Shah
About
was
A.D.
1720, when Muhammad
Emperor, Churaman,
the first great Jdt freebooter,
reached Tijara, plundering the country
pretended that Ikrdm

wherever

he

made

himself

He

(see Tijara).

went

but

does

between

not

have

to

seem

and

the

effected

Jdts

A.D.
ran
overlodgment;
KishenThey
occupied
Bdnsur,
Hajipur,
Rampur,
country.
garh, Maudawar, Barod, Bahror, Karnikot, Tijara,and their progress
between
the energy
marked
1745 and 1763, when
A.D.
was
more
especially
of Surajmal, the grand-nephew of Churaman, directed them.
After his
from
which
the Jats
death the Sikhs plundered in the Tijaradistrict,
Kiili
converted
Rahtor
ousted
were
by Najaf
Khan, a
Rajput, and
had
risen in the service of the imperial
Jagirdar of Rewari, who
Kiili Khan
commauder-iu-chief, the famous Najaf Klidn.
\ tried to oust

permanent

1724

1763

the

At

the

of Akbar's

time

Mulaua, resident
to

feel his miraculous

so

much

almost
his

visit there
A

at Ulwur.

foundation

One

power.
consists

as

in

would

the time

Badauni

t This

death

of whose

occurred, would

have

been

have

book, and

to

important office

of

names

can

he

would

himself
old

the

had

be

of

celebrated

have

actual

an

Shekh
saint, named
visited him, and

Akbar

expected that

visit of

that foundation,

Akbar

the
to

tadauni

the

story

Mubarak

would

shekh.

made

was

have

But

had

there

is

with

Akbar, observing
highest veneration for the shekh, a sketch of whose life and
gives, and yet he says nothing of the visit,which, had it
in the shekh's
of the greatestevents
one
life,and which

proofpositivethat it has not

proceedings. He

was

long story is told of how

was

witnessed.

Tarikh

in

Mewat

from

no

value here.

Hind

in the

Raj library,specifythe

Aurangzeb's
The

time

officialswere

to Badan

persons

Singh Jat's

appointed
but

string

all Musalmau.

died at Kanound
" Najaf Kulf Khan
(now Patiala territory),where
Appa Sahib
Ismail Beg came
taken prisonerby the
to her assistance,but was
besiegedhis widow.
at Agra.
Marhattas, and eventuallydied in confinement

from

Jdts

the

leader,

Mughal

unmolested
After

Kot

near

Tijara,
The

Jats,

embraced
The
1

time

no

the

or

vol.

the
either
the

pp.

48.

p.

less

imperial

great

him.

The

to

came

this

at

the

Marhattas

recovered

by

subject

to

officers,

and

Tijara

Najaf

him.*

oust

defeated

finally

two,

held

Beg

defied,

again

or

126.

in

weakened

Jats

or

of

towns

by

Patan,
pied
occu-

the

Jats.

Khan,

who

whose

Empire,

p.
as

193

Najaf

arid

retreating

Khdn,

dominion

present

Tijara
on

Ulwur

could

and

must

Local

the

Ulwur

History.
before

Ismail

of

as

trace

the

(A.D.

resist

not
tract

known

now

rules

territory

small

the

Ramgarh

and
at

for

struggle

held

and

Ulwur

which

sept,

the

Marhattas

Nariikas,

the

meutioned

once

47,

Ismail

was

was

more

joined

now

Jats,

great

Mughal

are

Keene,

of

this

Keene's

and
had

abode
of

growth

Sindiah,

had

of

south

lying

the

supersede

celebrated

Mewat.

Narukas

770-75),

At

last

the

all

usually
of

to

After

after

years

were

Beg

also

Beg,

and
had

scattered.

army

some

however,

perhaps,

was,

his

which

he

Ismail

fortune,

and

Putli,

hands,
whom

Marhattas,

of

fluctuations

Ismail

and

Marhattas

other's

each

into
the

until

failed,

the

by

sent

was

played

however,

hut

Kishengarh,

12

them.

country

Narukhand,
origin

aud

State.

The

Beg.

Marhattaa,

_Skinner"s

under

Life,

(
from

title of

Khan

issue

follows

as

1. Rao

Lar

Emperor.

Khdu's

son,

Fateh

Singh,

had

"

Kalidn

Singh.
Singh, whose

Karan

2.

the

14

descendant

holds

villageBahali

of

Rajgarh,

Ulwur.
descendant
holds
Singh, whose
village Narainpur of
Rajgarh, Ulwur.
Ranchor
Das, whose descendant holds villageTikel of Jaipur.
Akhe

3.

4.

to have
appears
settle in the present Ulwur

Kalian

Rao

Singh

been

the

first of

the

Lalawat

but Dasawat
Narukas
territory,
were
already established in the tract called Nariikhand, of which a portion
Ulwur
forms
a
now
territory(see " Aristocracy,"page
part of Southern
121). Kalidn Singh is said to have lost the old family estate of Jhak
in supporting his Chief, Jai Singh, against a rival,
and to have received
which
the
eastern
border
of
the Nariikhand
of
estate
on
an
lay
Macheri,
included in that tract.
His services,
however,
the Dasawats, and which became
which
had been bestowed
Sawai
were
on
chieflyperformedat Kama-,
Jai Singh by Aurangzeb, and in the neighbourhood of which the Meos were
of Kama, now
The
in Bhartpur, seems
troublesome.
to
government
Narukas

have
Jai

to

regarded as difficult and important,for one


is said to have taken the place of
Singh'sown sons
been

or

of Sawai

more

Kalian

Singh,who

It is

to consider
probable that he continued
the
claim
which
revived by
to
was
Kama,
his descendant, Bakhtdwar
Singh. One legend says he returned home
of a propheticrhyme addressed to him by a lady upon
in consequence
the
directions he had
solicited just before she became
funeral pile,whose

returned

then

the

himself

"

to

Macheri.

rightfulJagirdar of

Satf."
Jao has ab des men,

"

Age
"

kul

men

Go,

dwell

Rao

Rao

Kalianjlap.
honge,partapikPartap."
in your

own

land,

Kalian.

Of your house will hereafter be


The fortunate Partap."

s.

1728

Their
and

Singh'sreturn

date of Kalian

The

A.D.

seats

were

as

is

given

as

Asoj

Sudi

doj

five had issue.


Singh had six sous, of whom
in
situated
the
Ulwur
territory,
all,except Pai,
present

(1671).
are

to Mdcheri

follows

Kalian

:
"

occupied by Rao Anand


Singh, eldest sou and
head of the family.
Singh.
Para, founded or occupied by Sham
Jodh
founded
or
by
occupied
Singh. Nizamatnagar in Ulwur
Pai,
Mdcheri, founded

or

is the present head seat.


Kkora, founded or occupied by Amar

Palrva,founded

or

Singh.
Isri
by
Singh.
occupied

(
The

of

sons

horses

the

to

Kalidn

Singh

of

service

15

said

are

Jaipur.

horse

have

to

furnished

eighty-four

representedabout

vated
culti-

200

acres.

Macheri

The

the

family splitinto

of the elder branch

head

junior is the Thakur


the

Chief

than

of

two

is

(seeGenealogicalTree
the Ulwur

now

Bijwtlr,who

the members

Chief.

is,therefore,more

of any

The

in

Appendix);
head

of the

nearly related to
Bijwar,
thikanas
of
panch

of the other four families.

"

"

known
the
as
are
Para, Pdi, Khora, and Palwa
Bdra
Ulwur, and they and their offshoots togetherare spoken of as the
it
is
which
borrowed
from
was
Jaipur, where
Kotri," a term
applied to
families
related
the
Chief.
It
Anand
to
Rao
was
some
Singh's two
Zorawar
Rao
grandsons who divided the estate of Macheri.
Singh, as
Zalim
head of the house, remained
at Macheri.
Singh received Bijwar.
Rao
and
Zorawar
second
successor
was
Singh's grandson
Partdp
half
who
of
his
little
and
two
estate
a
developed
villagesinto a
Singh,
off allegiance
and threw
to Jaipur. Partap Singh's energy
principality,
him
and address
seem
prominent in Jaipur.* He
early to have made
Thakur
of Chomu
for the highestplace in
with the Nathdwat
contended
"

he

Darbdr;

was

ordered

to

coerce

brethren, the Nanikas

his turbulent

of

He
made
was
by him.
Unidrd, whose peace with the Jaipur chief was
relieve
fort
of
the
the
sent with Jaipur troops to
Ranthambor,
imperial
of
Marhattas.
At
his
which
was
positionor
besiegedby
garrison
length
conduct excited jealousyat Jaipur,and a famous
astrologerdrew attention
destined to
considered to indicate one
to the rings in his eyes, which
are
in
gerous
His
at
Jaipur was
thought dankingly dignity.
presence
consequence
to the Chief,and he had to flyfor his life. At Rajgarh (in Ulwur),
where he stopped,he is said to have met his brethren and to have enjoined
himself
them
faithful to their Chief,the Raja of Jaipur. He
to remain
the
where
he
took
service
with
vid
Dehli
towards
Dig,
proceeded
great Jit,
latter's
resolved
to
his
Jawahir
After
the
Mai.
death,
Singh,
Suraj
son,
march
to Pokhar
Partap Singh, still loyal
throughJaipur territory
; and
Jawahir
to his Chief,quarrelledwith
Singh on that account, left him,
desired.
Jawahir
much
and returned to Jaipur, where his assistance was
Sumroo
with his army, avoided the direct
Singh, who had the well-known

The

derived
the

sketch
from

old Ulwur

Partap Singh'scareer
compilation by the late
officials; and another by
of

and

of the

Diwan
Sheo

originof

the Nanikas

who

Gopal,
Bakhsh
Bharait,one
Jai

was

has

been

chiefly

the best-informed
of the

most

of

intelligent

by Sheo Bakhsh and Jai Gopal are a


of the Kachwaha,
compiled under the direction of the Jaipur
bansdoli,or clan history,
Part ap-ra-sa,"
written
Tliakur of Chomu, a ballad on
twentyPartap Singh, called the
of PartapSingh,and a second ballad bearing the same
five years after the death
name,
has
the
sketch
no
in
M. R. Banui
written
pretension to
However,
Singh'stime.
in which
Pailap Singh took a prominent part
though probably the transactions
accuracy,
recent to have
the
of
his
main
are
and
dates
successes
sufficiently
i
ndicated,
are
fairly
have
been
would
the minds of
local
been
on
as
they
tradition,
preservedby
impressed
the people.
of the Ulwur

rhymers.

The

works

most

referred to

"

(
tried

route, and

thirtymiles
the

and

defeated.

his way
of Jaipur. There

to

north

famous

16

make

of

battle

Sambat

1823

Maonda

through Tonrawati, a hilly country


Partap Singh counselled an attack,

fought, in
Singh

was

which

(A.D.1766), Jawahir

the

retreated

Jats

were

via Ulwur*

man.
Bhartpur,pursued by the Jaipur forces under one Raj Singh, an artillerytained
Partap Singh, aft.er the victory,went straightto Jaipur,and obMacherf.
the Chief's permission to build a fort at Rajgarh,near
the first
and
at
of
fort
the
site
The
Partap Singh'srequest,chosen,
was,
the pursuit of the
struck by Raj Singh, then returning from
matlock
Jats, and this Raj Singh is said to have subsequentlyled the Jaipur
troops in attacking it.f
the first considerable
This fort of Rajgarh was
stronghold possessedby
battle
for
time
after
the
of Maonda
who
some
preserved
Singh,
Partdp
friendlyrelations with his Chief. This appears from the fact of his going
the latter went to be married at Bikanir
in charge of the Chief's heir when
to have
in s. 1825 (Bikdnir Gazetteer,p. 62). Shortly after he seems
to

He established relations with Mirza Najaf


set up for himself.
practically
Khan
(thewell-known imperialgeneral)and the Marhattas, and encouraged
their protector. He established
the people of the country to look to him
as
forts in s. 1827
(A.D. 1770), at Tahla and Rdjpiir,near Rajgarh,
completed the fort of Rajgarh in s. 1828 (A.D.1771),built or strengthened
Ulwur
and Rajgarh in s. 1829, Baldeogarh in
fort between
Mdla Khera
in s.

1832, and about the

Kankwari, Thana
Ghdzi, and Ajabgarh,all in the south-west of the present territory.He
of Jaipur to the south-west,
also occupied other territory
J which was,
recovered
that
State
of Partdp
the
lifetime
by
partly during
however,
Singh, partlyduring his successor's. Partap Singh at one time occupied
in Shekhawatti.
With
the Rao Raja of
territory
up to the Sikar villages
Sikar he formed an alliance,
and, accordingto the Sikar account, enabled
him to punish his troublesome
neighbours of Kdnsli.

s.

1830, Partapgarh

The

Ulwur

fort

was

in the hands

time

same

of the Jdts of

Bhartpur,who

at the

reduced to great straits


Partdp Singh'sreputationwas growing were
the
and
imperial minister,
by Mirza Najaf Khan, the
by Najibudaula,
commander-in-chief
of the imperialforces.
The pay of the garrisonwas
in arrears, and the Jdt Chief made
much
to liquidate
no
pretence of ability
"
Give
the ruin to whom
the debt.
you will," he said, I don't want
then invited Partdp Singh to take possession
it." The fort-commandant
of the fort on condition that he paid the garrison what was
due to them.
then at Kaukwdri
(the least accessible of the Ulwur
Partap Singh was
the
and having accepted
to Ulwur
and entered the
terms, he came
forts),
fort by the Lachman
Pol gate, Mnngsar, Sudi 3, s. 1832 (Nov. 1875).
time

"

Keene's

t The

name

Moghul Empire, p.
of the hill

on

82.

which

it was

situated

is

Pahari.
Ba"grajkf

t Bairat,Piiigpura,Antela,Bhabra, Merh, Sital,Tala,Dhola, Garhria.

17

to the

Up

takingof the Ulwur Fort,Partap Singh'sbrethren had not


recognisedhim as their Chief,but now
they began to do homage and present
to have been jealousof, or offended with,
offerings(nazars). They seem
SariipSingh, probably the principalDasawat Nariika in Nanikhand, who
held the forts of Ramgarh
and Taur (now Lachmangarh), and opposed
Partap Singh. One Andlia Naik pretended to desert with a party to Sariip
Singh,and thus gaining admission to Taur,made SariipSingh a prisoner,
and
brought him to Ulwur.
Partap Singh received him in the fort,
nnd
ordered
him
He
to present a nazar.
refused,whereupon Partap
Singh put him to death, by binding a strip of wetted buffalo's hide
his head, which, slowlycontractingas it dried,burst his skull (bddk
bandhwd
diya). SariipSingh's death placed Partap Singh in possessionof
more
territoryin Nanikhand, and, taking advantage of the depressed
condition of the Jats,he, between
1832
and
s.
1839, obtained Bahadarpur, Dehra, Jhindoli,Bansiir,Bahror, Bdrod, Rampur, Harsaura, Hajipur,
When
Hamirpur, Narainpur,Gadhi Marniir,Thana Ghazi.
Najaf Khan
attacked
Dig, s. 1832 (A.D.1775), Partap Singh sent a force under one
Khushali
Ram
Haldia to aid him, but disagreement arose, owing, it is said,
Khan's
to
intention
of invading Jaipur, which
Najaf
Partap Singh
round

declared

he would

resist.

One

account

that

says

Najaf

Khan

ordered

Partap Singh to vacate the Ulwur Fort, or to pay tribute to the Emperor,
and on his refusal,marched
garh
against him, and so the siege of Lachmanwhich
took place. The Marhattas
is the subjectof a ballad
aided
the siege was
raised.
When
Partap Singh, and after four months
Najaf
Khan
abandoned
the siege,Khushali
Ram, above mentioned, remained
with him as PartapSingh'sVakil.
His brother,Daulat
Ram, was also in
Partap Singh's service,and the latter is said to have given both brothers
In revenge
deadly offence by cuffing Daulat Ram.
they urged Najaf
Khan
when
wards
toto make
a
came
he, on invitation,
prisonerof Partap Singh
the
Musalman
confer
Khan.
to
with
Accordingly,
Dig
Najaf
troops
surrounded
Partap Singh and his party at Rassia,near Nagar in Bhartpur.
Partap Singh, who was engaged in worship when the surpriseoccurred,
induced
was
by Thakur
Mangal Singh of Khera, who had distinguished
himself in the Lachmangarh campaign, to save
himself,and, with such of
his followers as could break through, he escaped to Lachmangarh. The
"

Rassia

"

attack

is commemorated
"

kasumbi

pagrl,lajjarakbe
times

Rassia bill,
seven

Tbeir

red turbans

flew

Ram

The

by

Rassia

ironical

an

couplet
"

Rassia wfili Dungri tujb ko sat ealam,


Ure

"

in

affair is said to have

Ram."

salutation,

off,may
save

their honour."

occurred

PartapSingh was hard put to it for money,


robbinga rich person at Thana Ghazi, and

s.

1836

but he
he

(A.D. 1779).
replenishedhis

plunderedBaswa, a

coffers

town

of

an

attack

himself,whose

in

name

who

Ram,

his old master, and

on

Chief

the

by

Daulat

Rajgarh.

Jaipur,near

18

B.

had

gone

1839, an

also

was

to

Jaipur,again advised
from

Jaipur,headed
Partap Singh, approached
army

Ulwur, declaring that he would go to meet


(peshwdi)his Chief in due form, rode into the Jaipur camp, and, without
attempting the life of the Raja, killed a buffalo near his tent, attacked and
of his old enemies,the Nathawats, and retreated to Rajgarh, which
slew some
the Jaipur force failed to take, and Partap Singh having allied himself
reduced to great straits. Partap Singh,
with the Marhattas, the Raja was
Chief
acted towards
in
his
old
difficulties,
him, it is said,with
seeing

Rajgarh. Partap Singh

of

forbearance.
trusted

Partap Singh's most

officials were

Hoshdar

his agent with

former

The

Khan

and

General

Mian

Sindhia's

was
Perron,
for his
and aided by Najaf Khan, he obtained
officer,
from the Emperor, at Dehli,the much-coveted
master
insigniacalled Mahi
which
the
Ulwur
Darbar
with care, and still
are
Maratib,"
preservedby
His minister,Ram
Sewak, is spoken of as
paraded on great occasions.
Ram
in the acquirement of funds.
Khushali
Haldia was
aiding much
he had abandoned,* but
murdered
by direction of Partap Singh, whom
with
the
Haldia
made
terms
familyduring the Jaipur attack
Partap Singh
of it is now
chief officer of the army.
on
Partap
Rajgarh,and a member
Singh died in s. 1847 (A.D.1791). Before his death, having no sons of
heir jn a curious manner.
the twelve
his own, he selected an
Any boy of
kotrfs,"that is,any descendant of Kalian Singh, was held by him to be
the best,he assembled
folk,
kinsand in order to secure
his young
eligible,
probably eliminated those whose horoscopeswere not promising, and
selected Bakhtawar
Singh of Thdna ; because,though a little child,
finally
sword and shield to any of the toys which pleased the other
he preferred
a
Singh was not only far from being the nearest of kin
boys. Bakhtawar
but
he was
scion of one
of the five chief
not
to Partap Singh,
even
a
families.
house to which
he belonged was
The Thana
of
a junior branch
thus established which was
Para ; and a family precedent was
to have a

Jiwan

Khan.

French

famous

"

"

lastinginfluence.
Partdp Singh

was

talked
is much
prowess
of an
and his execution
the Ulwur

and

how

In

Eaorias
free

The

the accounts
towards

to

was

an

the

that he

was

of him
the Chief

following is the list of

rather

cruel

man.

It is

dwell

upon his natural loyalty


of his tribe,the Maharaja of

parganahs Partap Singh

is said to

in Lachmangarh, some
was
inspectingvillages
I,as Settlement Officer,
complain that they had been deprivedof a certain villagereceived in rentfor distinguished
service to the State.
ancestor
It turned out that this

1874, when
came

grant by

service

much

forbearance

constant

Jaipur.

to indicate

Fort, seem

remarkable

of

great abilityand courage, and his personal


of.
His mode
of putting SariipSingh to death,
unfortunate
for peeping over
wall iu
a
slave-girl

man

murder

of Kl.usbali

Bam.

(
have

been

in

have

been

six

19

possessionof at hia death :


Ulwur, Mala Khera, Rajgarh,
Rajpur, Lachmangarh, Gobindgarh, Pipal Khera, Ramgarh, Bahadarpur,
Dehra, Jiudoli,Harsaura, Bahror,Barod, Bansiir,Rampur, Hajipur,Hamirpur, Narainpur, Gadhi Mamiir, Thana
Ghazi, Partapgarh,Ajabgarh,
Baldeogarh,Tahla, Khunteta, Tatarpur, Sital (now in Jaipur),Gudha
(now in Jaipur),Dubbi
(now in Jaipur),Sikrai (now in Jaipur),Baori
Khera
is said to
(now in Jaipur). The revenue
yieldedby this territory
"

or

seven

lakhs.

Bakhtawar

Singh succeeded in s. 1847 (A.D.1791). At that time the


by Dfwau Ram
Sewak, an old officialof Partap Singh,
also caused by the same
to Rajgarh,and domestic difficultieswere
cial.
officame
Ram Sewak was enticed from Rajgarh,where he resided,
Consequently,
to Ulwur, seized and put to death by direction of Bakhtawar
Singh ; after
which the Marhattas
In s. 1850, Bakhtawar
went
Singh went to
away.
of Hiichawan
in Marwar, and visited
the daughterof the Thakur
marry
He
received in a friendlyway, but the
was
Jaipur on his way back.
Chief
him
and it is said that he did
under
Jaipur
soon
placed
restraint,
his libertyuntil he had resignedthe forts of Giidha Sainthal,
not recover
Baori Khera, Dubbi, and Sikrai,all now
in Jaipur territory.
Marhattas, invited

Soon

after his accession

Singh occupiedKama

Bakhtawar

and

other

parganahs of Bhartpur, on the pretext that they were


part of the jAgir
of his ancestor, Kalian Singh.
He held, too, for a time, Bawal, Kauti,
Kot

Firozpur,and

Putli.

of note possessed
Bhartpur border the last Khauzadas
some
as
territory. Zulfikar Khan, the principal,had a fort known
Ghasaoli,and had opposed the Ulwur Chief. About A.D. 1800, Bakhtawar
Singh, aided by the Marhattas,expelled him, destroyed the fort,and
established that of Gobindgarh near
to its site.
On

"

the present

At

the

of

commencement

the

Marhatta

of the British

war, he acceptedthe protection


he entered into an offensive

Government, with whom


Baksh
His astute vakil, Ahmad
Khan, who
afterwards became
Nawab
of Firozpurand Luharu, joined Lord
Lake, to
whom
he rendered valuable services in procuringsuppliesfor the army, in
sending a small force from Ulwur to co-operatewith it,and especiallyin
of the Marhattas
which
led
supplying the information of the movements
The field of this battle is twenty
in A.D. 1803."
to the victoryof Laswari
miles east of the cityof Ulwur.
A full account of the battle will be fouud
defensive

and

under

"

As
of the

Laswari."
a

reward

Bakhsh
Luharu

conferred

British

Rath, in the north-west


territory(see Rath), Hariana, and a portion of

for his services the district called

present Ulwur

Mewat, were
Appendix).
The

alliance.

on

Government

Bakhtawar

conferred

Singh

Ulwur.

1803

(see Treaties

Firozpur in Gurgaom

Khan, the Vakil ; and his master, out


Baksh's
in Hariana, which, at Ahmad

Firozpur,independentof

in

of his

own

on

in

Ahmad

grant, gave him

request,was

made, like

(
afterwards

months

Some

20

the British

Government

allowed

Bakhtawar

present Ulwur parganas of Kathunieast.


south-east,and Tijaraand Tapokra in the norththose of his old,gave
The Meos of his new
well as
as
territory,
him much
trouble.
ing
During the war between Jaipur and Marwar regardmaintain
assisted
Dhonkal
to
Singh is said to have
Singh, Bakhtawar
to
order in Jaipur. He, however, interfered there in such a manner
as
attract the notice of the British Government, who, in A.D.
1811, obliged
to bind himself not to enter into negotiations
him
or
engagements with
other chiefs" (seeAppendix).
and Sakrai,which
In A.D. 1812, he took possession
of Dubbf
Jaipur
said to have
was
unfairlyobtained from him, but which, being Jaipur
the
time of his connection
with the British Government, it
at
territory
breach of treaty to retake.
He "refused
to obey the orders of the
a
was
of his
Resident at Dehli to give them up.
He collected a large number
clansmen
and others to oppose
the force which was
sent againsthim, and
it was
that he
not until the British force arrived within sightof Ulwur
was
persuaded by those about him to agree to surrender the forts,and to
Singh

exchange

to

bar and

Sonkhar

Hariana

for the

in the

"

pay

three lakhs

About
the

this time

of rupees
Bakhtawar

principalsymptom

of

of the expenses
to have

account

on

Singh
his

is said

malady being

the cruel

of the

expedition.
deranged,

become

in

manner

which

he caught
Wherever
against the Mahomedans.
of
is said to have
a
given him the option
performing a
of
his
off.
recorded
that on one
cut
and
It
is
or
ears
miracle,
nose
having
occasion he sent
Bakhsh
and ears
to Ahmad
a pot full of noses
Khan,
who had done him such good service,
but with whom
he had quarrelled.
He also caused many
Mahomedan
tombs and mosques
to be desecrated,
*
turning the latter into Hindu temples."
These proceedings caused much
at Dehli, the Musalmans
excitement
of which desired to invade Ulwur, but they were
by the Resident,
pacified
he

who

his

vented

Fakir

hatred

he

strove

to restrain the Ulwur

chief.

Bakhtawar

Singh is said to have behaved well to his brethren,none


he deprived of j"girs,though he kept his peoplein order,and
of Partap
Ilahf Bakhsh, son
severelypunished those who offended.
Singh's minister, Hoshdar
Khan, becoming presumptuous, gave great
offence to the Chief; and though he escaped,six of his people took poison
Rain
and died to save
their honour
in the Rajgarh Fort.
Besides Dfwan
called
Sewak, he put to death for treacheryanother officialof position
Shekh
Ahsanullah.
Thakur
Samral
Singh Kilianot,an old officer of
Partap Singh's,became for some
minister,and received
years his principal
the title of Raja Bahadar.f
After his death
Akhe
Singh Bankawat
of whom

Administration

quoted

Report of Captain Cadell for 1871-72,which I have subsequently


Ulwur
I have quoted the prefaceto Aitchison's
occasionally

great deal,and

"

Treaties."
t His

Achnera.

grandson, Chinaman

Singh,turned

traitor in

1857, and

caused

the

disaster

of

(
describes

chronicle

22

his

and
people at that time ' as singularly
savage
robbers
be
reformed
to
but
the
brutal,
by profession,never
or
subdued/
Chief accomplished the difficult task of bringing them
into comparative
order."

The

of his

Meos

"

were

aud
subjects,

the most
it was

numerous

well

as

as

the most

some
trouble-

until after the infliction of

tisement,
signalchasby burning their villagesand carrying off their cattle,that he
succeeded
in subduing them."
In order to render the large turbulent
villagesharmless he broke them up, compelling the inhabitants to dwell on
of little hamlets
their lands in a number
(seeRaghunathgarh and Nikach).
"
of the State had previouslybeen carried on without
The government
and
his two brothers,"able
system, but with the assistance of Ammujau
Musalman
the Chief took into his service and
gentlemen of Dehli, whom
"about
made
Diwans
made.
The land revenue
1838, great changes were
had priorto that year been levied in kind, the State often claiming half
of the
the gross
produce, plus a thirteenth of the remainder, on account
"
in
stituted,
subof
collection
coin
(see Rent-rates"). Payments
were
expenses
not

"

and
which

were

civil and

criminal

courts

were

established; but

all the reforms

introduced

into the pockets of the Diwans


than
brought more
exchequer.
A.D.
were
peculations
1851, enormous
brought to light. The

into the State


"About
Diwans
was

1850

not

imprisoned, but released on payment of seven


lakhs, and it
before
their
former
The
of
accounts
they regained
long
power.

were

show

that the

largesum

of eleven

lakhs

was

realised in that

one

year

by fines imposed upon the officials."


"
oppressed during his reign of forty-two
Greatly as the ryots were
is cherished
with the greatestreverence
by the
Singh'sname
years, Banni
they have any occasions for rejoicing,
Rajputs. Even now, whenever
they
'
of
have
Banni
returned
!
The
Singh
days
exclaim,
well-educated
a
man
himself,he was a great
"Although by no means
and
attracted paintersand skilled artisans from
patron of arts and letters,
of money
various parts of India to his service. He expended large sums
book
the collection of a fine library. For
one
alone, a beautifully
on
'
of the
illuminated
GulistanJ he paid Rs. 50,000."
copy
"
but he has left many
erected by his son
No tomb was
to his memory,
such as a grand and extensive palacein
to his name,
splendid monuments
called the ' Moti DungriJ
but
beautiful
the city,and a smaller
more
one
*
Banni
or
BildsJ situated at a short distance from the town.
"
the large bandh
But his great work was
or
dam, built at Siliserh,
forms
fine
lake.
Its
which
a
ten miles from Ulwur,
water, brought into
Ulwur
aqueduct, has changed the barren lands which preby a masonry
viously
of luxuriant gardens.
into a mass
surrounded
the town
"
anxious to be just
fond of state and ceremony,
Jealous of power,
without sacrificing
what he considered his interest at the shrine of justice;
at others niggardly; kindly dispositioned,
at times
to excess,
generous
but occasionallycruel,he was, on the whole, an excellent type of a good
'

'

23

(
of the

Chief

Native
his bad

past generation. His good deeds


forgottenby the people,though some

ones

enough.
"
During
unable

was

"

to

his death

Before

he had

almost

uncontrolled

bad

and
bad

were

as

force

he was,

in the

power

opportunityof proving

an

Bedridden

despatched a

and

army,

exercised

Government.

British

remembered

are

of the

the last five years of his life he suffered from paralysis,


and
the same
control over
affairs as previously,and
exert
the

in consequence,

Diwans,

his

State.

he selected the flower

consistingof

about

the

loyaltyto

800

of his

infantry,400

cavalry,and four guns, to the assistance of the beleaguered garrison at


whom
the ' Khds
was
ChaukiJ or Chief's perAgra. The cavalry,among
sonal
all
the
remainder
Mahomedans.
guard, were
Rajputs
principally
"
Nasirabad
Ni'mach
and
The
them
brigade of mutineers came
upon
the road between
Deserted
at Achnera, on
Bhartpur and Agra.
by their
leader and the Mahomedan
portion of the force,includingthe artillery,
the Rajputs suffered a severe
defeat,leaving on the field fifty-five
men,
"

whom

among

khillats from

of note, whose
The old Chief was

Sardars

ten

were

Government.

tidingsof the disaster reached


sorrowful

the

spared
writing
should

having

he

"

traitorous

The

The

news.

lost the
from

down

be sent

some

reason

sent

he is

out

occasion

that

was

"

to

was

point of death when


had fled,and he was
said to have given in

his small

Raja

Singh Kalianot,mentioned

is said to

have

been

lakh

of rupees
force."

Bahadur
above

connected

Chimman
as

servant

by marriage with

of the mutineers.

established
influence
to

faithful

the

Ramu,

such

this

subsequentlyreceived

the

on

his

of his tongue

use

on

of Samrat
He

but

last order

the fort and

leader

Singh, grandson
of Partap Singh.

Ulwur

heirs

a
was

old

great influence
for

used

acquiresome

indignityas

chela,died

in 1825.

His

Mulla

son

had

the young
Chief,and, on the whole,this
for he was
and
kept under restraint,
pelled
com-

over

good,

education.

to excite the

anger

But
of

Mulla

treated him

the

Rajputs,and

sometimes
at

last

with
Akhe

murdered, to the extreme


griefand displeasureof Banui
Singh
Singh, who expelledAkhe Singh from Ulwur.
Banni
Singh died in August 1857, and his only surviving son,
The administration
Sheodau
in
Singh, a boy of twelve, succeeded.
was
the hands of the Dehli
Diwans, who also had acquired a great influence
Maharao
the young
Raja, and their positionand conduct gave deadly
over
The Chief adopted the Mahomedan
offence to the Rajputs.
styleof dress
secret of his preferencefor the foreigners. At
and speech, and made
no
in an insurrection of the
last,in August 1858, the discontent culminated
Diwaus
with
the
their
lives.
and
barelyescaped
Captain Nixon,
Rajputs,
Political Agent of Bhartpur, immediately proceeded to Ulwur.
He was
the border by a body of Rajputs,headed
met on
by Thakur Lakdfr Singh
of Bijwiir,
who, though he had approved the emeute, had done his best to
the proceedingsof the insurgents.
moderate
had

Mulla

24

(
found

Captain Nixon

the

"

Chief

in

of rage " with his


been the consequence

anguish

an

the

Rajputs, whose action was held to have


Council
of Administration
of great provocation,and
a
was
appointed,
Lakdir
under the presidentshipof Thakur
Singh.
Political
was
appointed
Agent of Ulwur in November
Captain Impey
Dehli Diwans, notwithstanding their reputation as adminisThe
trators,
1858.
least latterly to maintain
at
failed
had
and
order,
Captain
in
all
and
found
his
utter
and
confusion,
department
Impey
every
energy
"
for the arrangement
of affairs.
He
had
persistency were
necessary
in
difficulties
this
to
encounter
and
the
numerous
accomplishing
task,"
Chief, in spiteof his youth, thwarted him to the utmost.
young
"
The
Council
of Regency, formed
by Captain Nixon
immediately
work
after the expulsion of the Musalmaus, did not
was
well, and
abolished
by Captain Impey, who, after the crisis in 1859, managed for a
Council.
A new
short time without
a
Council,consistingof five Thakurs,
in
but
borrow
constituted
to
Captain Impey's words, ' its
was
1860,
;
a
corruptionhad reached such a pitch as to frustrate every hope for even
Council
Another
decent administration.'
formed, consisting
was, therefore,
of Thakur
Lakdir Singh as president,and Thakur
Nandji and Pundit
This Council
carried on
its duties in a most
Riip Narain as members.
until the Maharao
invested with power
manner
on
Raja was
satisfactory
left
Ulwur
about
that
the 14th September 1863."
Captain Impey
time,
and the Political Agency was
shortlyafter removed.
Subsequently, and
until 1869, the Governor-General's
agent for Rajputdna himself conducted
brethren

"

"

the

many

business of the British Government


political
Under
Captain Impey's direction justicewas
other

improvements

three-yearsettlement
made

were

of the

Laud

administered,and
regarding the

Information
and

Revenue

Captain Impey

well

Darbar.

be

will

the

found

subsequent ten-year
in

Appendix IV.
his
was
Important public
of
fine
and useful tank,
constructed
which
a
were
by
him,
buildings
very
and commodious
handsome
a
court-house,and some
important roads,were
the
attained
When
to
the principal.
Maharaja
Singh,
power, Lakdir
left the State,and resided
of his villages,
whom
the Chief deprived of one
In 1866
he invaded
Ulwur
with a body of followers,
at Jaipur and Ajmir.
settlement
This

by

introduced.

with the Ulwur

most

but

he met

durable

with

administrative

little success,

and

had

work.

to

retire.

The

ment
Govern-

strongly disapproved his conduct, but, in consideration of


which
had
the provocationhe had met with, and of his previousservices,
income
him.
secured
to
an
been very considerable,
was
of India,the expelled
Contrary to the wishes of the Government
Diwans
were
permittedto interfere greatly in the affairs of Ulwur, where
from
and
which
continued
to appoint many
officials,
they drew a
they
large income.
than twenty lakhs in the treasury,but
Captain Impey had left more
salaries were
this was
soon
greatly
squandered; and to raise money,
of India

(
reduced, and grants
Several

resumed.

of various

and

the

1870

Political

Agent

included.

But

he had

"

of the

Musalmans

broke

Eastern

shortly

after

been

States,"in which
insurrection

the

and

had

of

out

generations,
February

in

Blair

Ulwur

then

was

in 1869

been

had

begun, though not


it, Captain Blair died,

himself

exerted

Fifteen

James

Captain

out.

holders,were

for

employed

disbanded

were

their

raised.

were

had

bodyguard,

insurrection

kiuds, loug enjoyed by

cavalry which

C/iauki,or

Kh"s

another

before

of

corps

eighteen troops of the

25

greatly to repress
and
States of
appointed to the Eastern
Captain T. Cadell, V.C., was
between
effect
reconciliation
He
unable
in
his
to
a
was
Rajputana
place.
the Chief and the insurgentThakurs, because the former would not concede
of India appointed a Council
anything; and at length the Government
under
the presidencyof the Political Agent, who
then, December
1870,
from
Eastern
the
became
Political Agent of Ulwur, which was
separated
the
States.
The Raja was
to have a seat at the Board, but not to have
power of vetoing its decisions or interferingin the executive.
The

members
follows:

as

Thakur
Tbakur

Thakur
Thakur
Pandit

of

the Council

Nariika

Thakurs

and

man,
Brah-

"

Singh of BijwAr, \
Mabtab
Singh of Khora, " Of the twelve
Hardeo
Singh of Thana, )
Mangal Singh of Garhi,Dasawat Naruka.
Narain, who was before in the Council
JElup
Lakbdir

fixed allowance

four

were

settled

was

the

on

under

Singb.

CaptainImpey.

Maharaja,and

an

establishment

sumed
paid up and disbanded, the repart
grants were, with the sanction of Government, for the most
reforms
tered
en(detailedin the statistical part)were
restored,administrative
established.
and
order
was
entirely
on,
Captain Cadell proposed that as Captain Impey's last Land Revenue
about to expire,
should be made, and
Settlement
a regular settlement
was
officer
this
for
was
an
appointed on January 1, 1872.
purpose
In April 1874, Major Cadell went
on
furlough,and Captain Powlett

allotted

to

him.

officiated for him


On

the

14th

The

residents

of Dehli.

new

until he

came

were

back

in December

September 1875, the

Maharaja

opened.

The

levies

kotrfs of Kalian

entertained

on

railroad

1875.
from

the occasion

the 6th of

On

December, the portionbetween


Rajputana line was opened.

the main
On

the

in weak

llth

October, Maharao

Raja

Sheodan

Dehli
number

Ulwur

and

to

Ulwur

of

European

Bandikui

Singh, who

was

had

on

long

health,died of brain affections a few days after his twentyninth birthday. His funeral took placethe same
day. No disturbance or
excitement
followed
the
of
the
death
Chief; and as he left no
popular
of the
legitimate issue, inquirieswere
requisitefor the determination
been

succession.

(
It

was

the

These
the

the

families

family precedent

best

which,

candidate
above

as

that
widow

of

was

minor,

"

forth, the

set

from

Bdrah

party wished

One

of

one

of

Kotri"

be

to

guided

by Partap Singh, namely, selection of


precedent of taking a boy from Thana,

the

by

told,had

nearness

selected

be

established

one

already

should

unanimous.

not

were

Chief

new

families,called,as
Singh.

Kalian

by

that

necessary

Naruka

the

26

already supplied

kin

the

while

third

Chiefs

late

showed

mother

only

first

at

sired
de-

The

outweigh family precedent.

should

and

Chiefs

two

some

vacillation.
of the two
directed that the claims
Eventually the Government
minent
procandidates,Lakhdir
Singh of Bijwar and Mangal Singh of Thana,
be referred to the " Barah
made
Kotri," and accordinglythe reference was
the 22d November
in favour
of Mangal Singh,
A majority was
1874.
on
who
of Ulwur
Ruler
by His
as
recognised and confirmed
was, therefore,
Excellency the Viceroy.
Maharao
the
Cushion
on
Raja Maugal Singh took his seat on the
14th December, a month
after he had completed his fifteenth year.
The officials and the great majority of the j"gird"rs cordiallyaccepted
"

"

the

but

Chief;

new

Kotri," togetherwith
allegiance; and after

Lakhdir
other

one

and

Singh

jdgirddr of position,would

effort had

every

been

"

supporters of the

his

tender

not

them

to induce

made

Barah
their

give

to

nazar," their j"girs were, on the 25th


February 1875,
by the Darbdr, and a portion
management
of them
ordered
to proceed to Ajmir,
sequestrated. Lakhdir
Singh was
and

way,

present the customary

to

taken

and

there
to

The
whole
total

to reside.

The

permitted
in

to remain

number

estates

his duties
Council

at

Ajmir.
one-seventh

less than

were

less

trary
con-

one-sixth

than

of

the

of

the

in

of

March

appointed guardian to

essential

that

had

been

established

at

and

time

under

Reforms

necessitated

the

administration

all obstructions.

for

special executive

the

Political
were

Agent
formerly

Council,had
in

found

order

established
Part

II.

which
in

should

the

death

good

necessary.

deal

be

strong enough

of the late Chief

by

direction

of

of the

direction

and

disappeared,and

withdrew

and

system

With

force

tered
en-

1876.

Management

which

Chief,and

the

exceptional arrangements.
urgently needed, opposition in every way was
expected,and

then

mentioned

C.S.I.,was

Manphul,

promptly

the

not

were

him

accompanied

Thakurs

recusant

jdgir lands.

circumstances

which

other

resistingjdgird"rs were
jdgirddr body, and their

on

was

under

The

orders, but

Pandit

were

"

This

change

Major Cadell, with


every

department, some

was

the

to

the

remove

necessity

Government,
interference

rendered
assistance

details

it

easy

of

of which

by
the
are

II.

PART

CHAPTER

GENERAL

Naruka

THE

State

Rajput

latitude, and

between

is, according

to

of

76"

I.

DESCRIPTION.

Ulwur
and

10'

is situated

27"

between

15' longitude.

77"

Its

5' and

28"

area
I

maps

miles, and

square

the

Gurgaom,

of

pargana
south

by

its

It

778,596.

was

of

bounded

the

west

on

the

survey

the

of the

on

of

according

on

pargana

Jaipur

Jaipur

population,

is

Bdwal

topographical

by

east

to

State

and

and

Kot

in

British

Nabha,

Bhartpur

by Jaipur,

taken

the

by

"*"

'

3024

census

north

Sikh

India,

15'

1872,

district

the

Kot

Gurgaom

the

on

Putli, Nabha,

of

Kdsira

Patiala

and

territory.
whole

The
the

line

duly

Governoralso

mapped

General

set

between

boundary

in

the

up

by
the

Ulwur

Captain

boundary

pillars

Jaipur

border

this

Agent

the

in

and

Boundary
"*"iemeut.

He

1872.

1870, 1871,

on

determined

was

Assistant

Abbott,

1869,

years

and

following

three

years.*
In

February

of

two

the

boundary

Lieutenant
Patiala

and
on

was

determined

between

The

It

In

Durbar
t

the

fixed

disputes

by the
and

near

is described

1868

and

;f

in

laid

1874-75

down

remaining

the

the

disputed

the

existed

British

Ulwur

between

Settlement

Ulwur

and

Bhartpur

and
of

Officers

daries.
bounBritish

Ulwur

and

1876.

of

Ulwur

the

centre

villages

situated

on

its

border

show

disputed
and

Ulwur

v.

boundary

Ajerika
of

Commissioner

Partap-pur

of

the

State,

is the

chief

Chief

town,

elsewhere.

the

Ndngal,

Siaka

by

where

maps

situated

March

Caduwds,

decided

Gurgaom

Panjab,

decided

line, and

of

accurately.

boundary
Ulwur,

on

Morrison

1872

settlement

border

border.

Captain
boundary

Officer

Nabha

Commissioner,

border
Nabha

The

Gurgaom

town.

the

1853-54

territory

the

disputes

Ulwur

Settlement
the

Assistant

Assistant

Massy,

boundaries
In

the

1873

of

Ulwur

Amballah.

Girdhapur

Nabha.

between
was

village Paoti
settled

with

the

of Nabha
consent

and
of the

villages
Ulwur

and

singleor
miles.

to

whole

State.

To

are

double

lines.
These

feature

the

short, or

exception.

an

and
part parallel,

most

south,

narrow,

most

at

the

north

low,

those

however,

for
hills,

of

Ridges

28

border

I have

mentioned

the State.
in the

Due

But

of fine

east

of

and

hills,the

is

remoter

To

the north

north-west

often

north-east

in

are,

for many

broad

generallyopen.

line

joiningthem

of which

lie somewhat

of

nearest

and

ranges,

is situated

ranges
in masses,
for the valleys between
are
divided
wider
are
by
valleys,which, to

almost

rich.

west

the

the centre of
near
city of Ulwur
it,on the border,lies Rajgarh,the second town
these two points the country is for the most

territory. Between

part level.

and

that the

south

few

are

hills to the

continuous,and

Still the country to the north

throughout

there

broken, and usuallyfar apart,

often
The

are

observable
north

and

east

lyinggenerallyfrom

of the

west

State,the
border, it

are

sion
succes-

irregularly,

The
generally narrow.
the south-west, are very
soil is generallyvery light,

does not form drift sandbut, except in parts on the western


like
of
rich flooded
those
Shekhawati.
To
the
east there is much
heaps
land, but where water does not lie the soil is usuallylight. To the south
the soil is generallyprettygood.
in peaks or taperThe ranges of the hillyregion do not much
abound
ing
these
be
in
Variation
in
to
are
seen
some
though
places.
masses,
the height of parts of the same
'range is generallygradual, but the hills
for a
are
usually rocky, precipitous,and rather difficult to cross, even
foot.
Sometimes
man
on
they form a high tableland,where much
grass
and
2400
feet
1900
between
above
The
seaare
highest
points
grows.
level.*
found

A
in

The

sketch describingthe
geological

character

of these hills will be

Appendix.

an

slopes and level tops are


is plentiful in the hilly tract ; the
is often bold and
nooks are
striking; and charming well-wooded
scenery
frequentlymet with where springs flow in secluded dells.
chief streams
The rivers and
the Sabi, the Riiparel,the Chiihar
are
Sidh, the Lindwah, the Partabgarh and the Ajabgarh. The
Rivers and
streams.
g^j
forms for sixteen miles the western
boundary of the
Ulwur
Joined
off
of the
it
the
north-west
corner
territory.
by the Sota, cuts
from Ulwur, and
State,divides a part of Bdwal, which is Ndbha territory,
trees

and

chieflydhauk

shrubs

and

which

sdlar.

abound

on

Bhdngarh Point, f miles north of Bhdngarh,


Kdnkwdri
of Kankwari
Point, l" miles north-east
of Sfrawds,
Sirawds Point, l" miles south-west
Ulwur

Fort,

Bhurasidh
Bandrol

Point,

1 mile

west

their

Game

of

InfantryLines,

Fort,

2214
"

2131
"

feet.

.2128

....

1960
"

1927
....

"

Jaipur border

(overlooks pass between


Point,
and Bairdt),1 mile south
of Bdndrol,
Bhardich,on Jaipur border, " mile west of Bhardich,
Deoti and Tahla),
Birpur (overlooks pass between
near

Ghazi

ka Thdnu
2307

....

....

"

2390
"

2048
"

uninhabitable.

entirelydry
Other

is rather

It
in hot

than

Siliserh,shallow,and

often

weather.

streams

is

smaller

with

dammed

are

for

retained

view

cultivation,but

to

will be

short

the

as

properly described

a
more
only
time, they
tanks
Irrigation." There are also a few permanent
(see Talao,
Rajgarh, Ajabgarh, Baghera).
three points on
Fish are preserved in the Siliserh lake,and
at two
or
the Riiparelfor the benefit of the Darbar, and
in some
of

water

"

under

the tanks
is

there

restriction

no

Maliyas

persons,

religiousmotives.
The
catchingthem.

on

Musalman

"

from

wild-fowl.

fish and

caste

There

is

and

"

Deoti

Darbar
in

Kahars,

class

no

At

and

elsewhere
four

employs

of fishermen

the

now,

five

or

protectingand

ing
catchnets

of

caught and sold fish,having been confiscated many


years
The
Raj fishermen, however, usually poach pretty freely,and sell
ago.
The
fish are
the fish in the bazaar.
caught with cast and drag nets, and
by spearing or by rod and line ; the water-fowl by a net so set that it can
be jerked over
them
when
it.
they come
near
The best descriptionis the Rahu
(Labeo Rohita), which has long been
Murdk
held in high estimation.*
and
kaldnat, large kinds, are good.
the

Kahdrs,

Scl

(large)and

fish served

on

who

soli
skewers

inferior fish.

and

(small) are

(small)

and

ker

Siliserh

and

the

at

breakfast

Temara

(large)

are

Barah.

liked

and

both

only.

by

natives.

tables.
both

Chdlwa
and

Pariya

are

bdrcas

the

little

are

large

and

small

sdnka,
Singi
very bony.
indigestible. The best fish are found in
Pariya, sol, and soli,are the commonest,

especiallypariya.f
In

Deoti

there

are

only

the

little fish said to

with

come

the

rains.

in Siliserh and
the Barah;
Alligators(Gau) are found
they grow
six or
fish.
seven
feet, and
destroy many
They also kill goats
and
donkeys,
occasionallyponies.
*

See

t Dr

Elliot's Mus.
Ffrench

of fish found

Hist.,vol. vi. p.
:

"

and

352.

Mullen, Agency Surgeon, has kindly furnished

in Ulwur

to

me

with

the

followinglist

(
The

There
To

of the hills

mass

is

with

bands

some

trap

the north-west

miles

limestone,
the south, and

slates

are

pinkishmarble.
Metamorphic

throughoutthe hillyregion

of
to

city.
found, and also

marble

for

is found

is also

marble

quarriedin

is

slabs

and

twenty

miles

south-east

of the

ashlar

sandstone

to

twenty

fine white

Mineral

productions.

found,

fine white

south-west

Within

spersed
quartzite,inter-

are

schist, "c.

gueiss

sandstone

of Ulwur

city similar slabs are


south-east,very valuable
Black

micaceous

the

to

slate-coloured

north-east

31

the

buildingpurposes.

sixteen

miles

east

of the

city and

in its

bourhood.
neigh-

Talc,red ochre,inferior salt,saltpetre,


potash, are yielded.
Iron ore is abundant,and much
iron was
formerly produced. Copper
is worked
little
lead
and
has been found
a
profitably,
(see Mines and
Quarries).
The

Darbar

most

the trees in many


parts of the State.
hillyregion, but they are to be found

They

preserves

abundant

in the

Forests
"

in

xt,
the

"

the

city,where
woods, which
the tree in

there
stand
centre

both

part, and

only

those

regarding

the

AI.
the

not

cultivated

and

of the fields have


on

the

borders

different forests will be

Preserves.

'*

trees,shrubs, and

Here

"

thick

been

away

remain.

to

under

off

6dbul"

cleared

suffered
found

"

uncultivated

it will be sufficient to

plants,and

1.1

neighbourhood

but

extensive

are
on

the

Wood

"

"

ii
in
plain elsewhere,especially

wad

are

and

vegetable

P"1"*10118-

land.
for the
Some

Lately
most

details

"

Grass, Game, and


specifythe principalwild

general situation.

their

and the Dhauk,


hillytract the Sdlar (Boswelliathurifera)
usually the
large and small (Anogeissus latifolia and pendula), are
and
the
the
of
the
commonest
trees on
on
slopes
tableland,
upper part
and the dhdk (Butea frondosa) at the base of the hills and in the narrow
in one
valleys. The Tdl (pentaptera) forms a very picturesque wood
"
here and
there numerous.
Tal birich "), and palms are
place (see
the
south and west,
valuable
hills
Bamboos
and
to
are
on
some
plentiful
is here and there conspicuous. The
and the bargat (Ficus bengalensis)
in the hills and
valleys. It
following is the list of the trees common
In the main

has

no

to completeness
:
pretensions
"

(Acaciacatechu). Yields ebony.


Yields a gum ; the implement called mused
Khairi.
Kadhu
(Stercularia
urens). Yields Katird gum.
Khair

I
Chaparn
TT,

or

"

(Nyctanthes
J
v
offered

in

Used
arbortristis).

for baskets,and the flowers

temples.

juice,put
Long pods yielding
(Wrightiatinctoria).
scabbards

Sword
Karidla

Gurjen.

are

Harwngar
Kirna

of its wood.

is made

or

Amaltds

made

from

in milk to thicken it.

wood.

(Cassiafistula).

lightpretty wood, sometimes

used fur furniture.

32

Bandsa.

Used

Ddsd.

tan

Ledges.
Its fruit eaten

by

(Acaciaarabica). Another

name

Zarkher.

or

Kikar

in

for bdbul.

"c., made
instrument),

Sarangis (a musical

Komblier.

poor.

from

(Phythanthusemblica).
bearingsmall
Shrub, with alternate spikateshoots,

Aonla

Dolia.

it.

alternate leaves.

ovate

Bahera.

(medicinal).

Harh

(Diospyrosinelanoxylon).Furnishes
Chonkar
or
Kejra (Prosopisspicigera).
A
Gajrend.
fig; leaves like bargat,"and
Tendu

ebony.

"

binola"

"

as

food

with

"

"

un.

It is

equal to

for cattle.

(Bombyx). Cotton-tree. Monkeys eat


much
musla
used in
(asroots are called)

Simal

similar habits.

the

flowers

before

they

and

Root

Has

Aria.

bark

very

and

acid

fruit used

seed in

Rosaries made

Jiwapot.
Ber

good

pod. (Low tree.)


Do.

or
(Anthocephalus

Kadam

thing
some-

in medicine.

Kurd.

Kdld

large tree.

Roxburghii).
Hingot (Balanites
Gular (Ficusvirgata).
Leaves alternate ;
Ganger,the Chabeni of Karaull (Grewia populifolia).
like young
ilex.
Has
like
which
tastes
a drupe
a
hip ; makes
walking-sticks.
Jdman
(Syzygiumjambolanum).
Aila.

open

medicine.

Nauclea

from

kadamba).

its berries.

(Zizyphushortensis).

Pdpri (Pongamia glabra[?]).

Gugal (Balsamodendron mukul).


at
at
dhiip to Thakur, i.e.,
JJidl. Green branched, prickly.
Moria

} ^arSe^eaved handsome

Umra

myrrh),offered

shrub, in damp valley.

\
)

Kdkond.

Guldr.

tree.

Small

Jinger.

tree, like Kachinar.

Handsome

Komher.

Ill the

shrub.
large-leaved
leaves ; wood
Large pipal-shaped

plainsthe followingtrees

Khejra.

(Sesbania).

Khair.
Nim

(Meliaindica).
(Acaciaarabia). Very
Pipal. Fig.

Kikar

(Bdelliumor

f Bushes.

V
Kadam.

Jent

gum

9 A.M., to Sri Khrishan.

or

Papar.

Furnishes

"

"

numerous.

are

excellent for furniture.

the commonest

"

33

Bargat. Fig.
(Salvadora).
Fardsh
(Tamarisk).
Skis/tarn (Dalbergia).
Ruhera
(Tecoma).
fttu (Salvadora).
Am
(Mango).
Imli (Tamarind).
Senjna (Moringa).
Ber (Zizyphusjujuba).
Jhdl

The

valuable

most

For its timber

Kikar.

its bark

Dhank

used

in

of the abundant

trees

are

used by
(whichis that chiefly

dyeing and

in

"

the

Darbar);

its pods and

distilling
spirit.

and

Vtil

Used

Much

Bamboos.

for

charcoal

for

used

Raj

mostly.

(See Mines

and

Quarries.)

and

of
produces a revenue
They are
importedbamboo.
Palms.
Used
for pankahs, fruit,and mats;
sum
yieldsa trifling
Toddy is not produced.
besides.

Dhdk

purposes,

Rs. 3000

inferior to the

to

Raj.

or

keaves

Chila
Lac.

used

universa"v

as

platters
; bringa small

revenue.

of about Rs. 300.


The contract
is sold annually. It is
Bringsa revenue
That on others is of an inferior quality.
chiefly
produced on pipal-trees.
Of shrubs,
the Ber bushes ("pala") are the commonest
and most valuable!
in lightsoils.
Arusa," which grows in rockyravinyground,makes
especially
the best charcoal for gunpowder,but it is not conserved.
The Ak (Calatropis)
is seen
but
fibre
and
soft
down
its
is scarcely
utilised.
everywhere,
strong
Khimp, found in lightwastes, is used for ropes, baskets,and food. The
in the Tijarahills,
best wild vetch,especially
abundant
is the Saneji. It is
It has ternate
said to be as good as cultivated pulsefor goats and camels.
two-seeded
ventrous
oppositeleaves,and roundish
pods, very numerous
called Gilor is spoken of as a
in the axiles of the leaves.
A creeper
valuable medicinal
herb ; and another,called Machechi, is valued for its
"

esculent flowers.

GRASSES.

(thehighjunglegrass). Collected from


Surwdld.
Spear grass ; the commonest
grass
Pula

Serin.

,'
"

Bagder.
Ba.ru.

)
( Common

Aryan.
QandhU.
T

water
"

in the hills and

in

largequantities.
plains.

largereed-like lookinggrass.
Better

Jaranga.
much

preserves

in hills ; inferior to Surwdld.

The

grass

than

; grows

Matmard

"

Surwdld

often

seen

on

field borders

where

four feet

is the

high.
name
villagers'

for it.

)
f See

Lamp.

Kdns.

The

Karauli

well-known

Gazetteer.

land-impoverishing
grass.
E

there

is

Ddb

or

rich grass of lawns.

f The

Dab.
Bharut.

The

See

prickly-huskedgrass.
food

for humau

"

Gazetteer."

Bikanfr

It is little used

in Ulwur.

CMnt,
Labdan,
other grasses.

Are

Phulan,
Sarwdli,

Guwdn,
Mota

(Panicum colonum),

(?),Sawank
I

are,

believe, the

people in
Bathiia

and

European
kind

small

hills,but
the

round

("

they
city.

also found

"

few

miles

plains to the

the

earlypart

the

by

of the

-i

both

also

hilly tract,as

year,

the

well

and

and

the

large
in

frequent

every

Chief

numerous

and

everywhere,

the

by

killed

are

many

square

b"ghera"), are

the

chieflyeaten

are

rains.

Panthers,

almost

over

roam

the

(Dactyloctenium Egyptiacum),
which

hilly tract, and

space

and

found

are

the

sportsmen.

tendua"

S"mbhar

Many

in

within

year

after the

Choldi, Lohsua

'

animals.

of

scarcity.
principalwild vegetablesof

abound

Tigers (ndhar)
Wild

grasses

Makara

seeds

the

are

Panwdr,

and

of

times

Dub

the

the

the

same

gardens

nilg"i,which

as

are

north.

all
Pig were
formerly numerous
the State, but Maharaja Sheodan
over
Singh allowed the villagersto kill
them, and at present there are comparatively few.
Antelopes are to be
found

on

everywhere.

Of

small

numerous

game,
ducks

Deoti,

where

Coolan

they

and

hares, quail, and


found

are

caught

are

the

on

in

nets

partridges (black and brown), are


nallahs
and
lakes,especiallyon -the
while
resting on the banks at night.

too, frequent the nallahs.

Throughout the country the


common
peafowl is the most conspicuous bird, as elsewhere in Rajputaua.
is
said
that a white variety is sometimes
It
with.
met
The sdras
in the cold
(Grus antigone) adorns almost
every cornfield
and Musalman.
The male and female
weather, and is respectedby Hindu
are

geese,

said to be
The

as

attached

following is

Bakhsh, Superintendent
Sher

or

Ndliar

Tendtid
and

to each

wild

of the

Raj

Ghantdli
Sdmbhar.

as

the chakrvd

animals,
preserves

and

furnished

cliakwi.

by

Khawas

Sheo

"

(tiger).

(large
panther).

Believed

by

natives

to

be

cross

between

the

panther

tigress.

Baghera (smallerpanther).
Lidli or Bedido (wolf).
Jarak
(hyena),on which Ddkans
one

other

list of

was

caught at

(a small

Ulwur

deer shot

or

with
near

witches
nose

water

are

bored
in hot

said to ride.
for

strings.

weather).

Sheo

Bakhsh

says

(
Roz

35

(femalenilgai).
(male nilgai).

Nil

Ilaran

(antelope).
(ravinedeer).
(pig).When twelve

Chikdra
Suar

Kharyosh (common hare).


Khargosh (smallkind

Dhim
Seh

It
(porcupine).
will

Si"l

GdJrd

or
a

person

Lonkti

or

hare).

is said that if

(jackal).Said
keeps this about

porcupinequillbe

to

have in its head

stuck

in

hold
door, the house-

observed

rain in

for

what

is called

SiijAl
Singhi\

if

he is invulnerable.

him

(fox). If it barks

there will be

is much

of

bullets.

to

quarreltill it is removed.

Phokri

Mdgh,

old believed invulnerable

years

in

the

months

Kdrtik, Mangsar, Pos, and

Asarh, Sawan, Bhadon,

Kuwar.

This

animal

omens.

Bijti(civetcat). Badger accordingto Jerdon.


Buck

(badger).

Mashak

bildi

(wildcat).
Sheo Bakhsh
(ant-eater).
or
were
passing.
Jal mama
(otter).
Siyah gosh (lynx).
Sdla

Newal

has

seen

it

lyingsuckingup

ants

which

had collected

(mungoose).

Jatkar

(mungoose,largekind).
Ghora Go (a lizard about two
feet long,from the skin
are
made, especially
"c.,
covering,
by the poor).
Gadar
bildo (wildcat).
to such an
Langur (monkey). Said to love its young
and

upon

the trees

the

near

extent

shoes,scabbard

that it preserves

after death.

fondles their bodies for six months

Mischievous
Chamgidar (flying-foxes).

of which

in

gardens. They hang


city palace.

in

great

bers
num-

BIRDS.

MurgJd (spurredpartridges).
(partridges).
Kal Titar (black
partridges).
of
Lawd
(aspecies quail,said to be not a
GiljiLawd
(buttonquail).
Eater (thecommon
quail,which is a bird
Bater
(a quail).
Gdgar
Bdn

Titar

(peacock).
Safed Mor (whitepeacock,some

bird of

of

passage).

passage).

Mor

towards

(goldenploveror grouse).
Kulang (neverseen on ground. Caught
what Europeans call coolan*).
Bdtia (a water-fowl).
Kltarkara (abird of passage).
Bat

Hajipur and Hamirpur).

Bal

with

Jerdon, vol. iii.p.

hawks.

664.

The

common

crane,

not

Kurddntli

3G

(curlew).

Kuchd.

Hariydl

(green

Tukdar

(bird

Chardj

pigeon).
of

(conies

Kurbdn

Laibrl

Tola

rains).

Barsalli.

or

Tola

passage).

in

(parrot).

Tuyan

(do.)

Bubbul.
Kanara.

(weaver

Baiya
Ulu

(owl,

Kochri

bird).
Rdt

called

(night

ka

Raja).

bird).

Maldri.
Kohil.

Papaya.

Siyam

Chiri.

Doban

Chiri.

Kanjan

(said
and

I
Banddni

Tintori

Fish

have

to

in

the

(said

feather

in

month

of

pick

to

bits

its

Sawan

of

head
it

which
is

itself

of

out

meat

renders

one

who

gets

it

invisible).

timer's

mouth

when

it

is

asleep).

(said
and

to

chirp

above

alligators

have

tiger

as

already

the

latter

been

sible,
invi-

moves

spoken

along).

of

under

"

Lakes."

(
lu

38

ricks,carried off cattle,


"c.,but dd
in plundering any
not succeed
In British
town
or
village in Ulwur.
British
and when
a
territorythey plunderedFirozpur and other villages,
force came
to restore order many
were
hanged.
ing
Though Meos claim to be of Rajput origin,there are grounds for believthat many
from
the
stock
the
Minds.
The
same
as
spring
similarity
they assembled, burnt

1857

between

the words
of the

latter.

suggest that the former

Mind

respectiveclans
(Singal,Nai, Dulot, Pimdalot, Dingal, Balot);

name

of

and

Meo

State

Daria

of the

traction
con-

identical

are

and

in

story told

lady-love,Sisbadani

his

that
Meo,
Mini, seems
In Bolandshahr
caste
called Meo
Miuds
is
a
they formerly intermarried.
further to connect
spoken of in the Settlement
Report, which would seem
the two.
it
is
that
However,
probable enough
apostate Rajputs
of
and bastard sons
of Rajputs founded
the
clans, as the legends
many
one

and

Several

be

may

to show

tell.
The

Meos

are

the

(see Religion)are
several

Hindu

all Musalmans

now

same

those

as

festivals.

in

of Hindu

the Holi

Thus

name

but

their

Zamindars.

is with

Meos

villagedeities
They keep,too,
of

rough
Muharram, Id, and
Shabibardt ; and
ashtmi,Dasehra, and
they likewise observe the Janam
Diwdli.
prieststo write the pili ckitthi,
or
They often keep Brahmin
note fixingthe date of a marriage. They call themselves
by Hindu names,
"
"
with the exception of
Ram
and
is a frequentaffix,
Singh
though
;
play, and

is considered

important a

as

festival

"

not

so

common

"

as

as

season

the

"

Khdu."

and moon,
monthly conjunctionof the sun
Meos,
in common
from labour; and when
with Hindu
Ahirs, Gujars, "c., cease
"
is
Ckabutra"
first
make
the
to
to erect
a
a
they
proceeding
well,
"
"
Hanumdn"
be
to
when
was
plunder
obtained,
However,
Bairtiji"or
shrines and temples ; and
they have often shown little respect for Hindu
when the sanctityof a threatened
place has been urged, the retort has been
"
Turn to Deo, Ham
Meo!"
You may be a Deo
{God}, but I am a Meo!
Meos
know
As regards their own
the
are
religion,
very ignorant. Few
of which they entirely
Kalima, and fewer still the regular prayers, the seasons
i
n
Ulwur
to
territory; British,
neglect. This,however, only applies
On

the

the

Amdnas,

effect of the

duties.

or

schools
in

Indeed,

is to

Ulwur,

observances
religious

are

at

better

make

them

more

observant

places where
maintained, and some

certain

there

of

religious

are

know

mosques,

the

Kalima,

say their prayers, and would like a school.


lax about
in their own
Pal or clan,but they are
Meos
do not
marry
of other castes, whose
children they receive
forming connections with women

community.

into the Meo

On

their

marriage Rs.

200

is

thought

respectable
spend,that is to say, Rs. 130 on betrothal (" Sagai ") and
dower their daughtershandsomely, and
Rs. 70 on marriage. They sometimes
sometimes
have

sum

to

make

by them.
daughters to pay

sold their

money

Indeed, they
their debts.

often

tell

one

that

they

39

take part in the


already stated,Brahmins
but
the
itself
is performedby
marriage,
ceremony
As

fee of about
The
the

Rs.

and

1-4

has become

ground

too

guards

Kazi,

receives

villagebarber (Nai) and

grave for
to disturb.

new

for animals

hard

the

performed by

is

also

villageFakir,* who

preceding a
who

of rice.

seers

rite of circumcision

formalities
the

days

some

till the

As

inferior to their Hindu


Meos
are
agriculturists,
neighbours. The
point in which they chieflyfail is in working their wells,for which they
lack patience.
Their women,
whom
fieldthey do not confine,
will,it is said,do more
work

than

crops

when

the

men

the

indeed

men

often

one

Like

lying down.

are

finds

the

work

at

women

of

women

their

low

allowed
The

in

scruples
the

dhoti

The
or

men
never

of

Ulwur, though the rulingclass,do not form


Those
who are jdgirdarswill

twentieth

populationof the state.


of under

spoken

form

Hindu

them.

Rajputs

of the
be

have

to

the

Musalmans

they
bodies,a practicedisapprovedby
general. Meos are generallypoor and live badly ; they have no
about getting drunk
when
wear
opportunity offers. The men
and kamrij and not pdejamas. Their dress is, in fact,Hindu.
often wear
seldom
are
gold ornaments, but I believe the women
tattoo

castes

in

the mass,

are

State,chieflyin

"

Aristocracy." The remainder, which


laud proprietors,
and in the
cultivators,

the

About

army.

one-seventh

service of the

of the whole

mans.
Musal-

are

Chauham, to the west ShekTheir


hawats, to the south-west
Rajawat, elsewhere chiefly Naruka.
"
and
Aristocracy." They are bad cultivators,
originis treated of under
do not work with their own
hands
until compelled by the direst necessity.
It is,however, a mistake
that the proudest families do not
to suppose
eventually yield to circumstances
by putting the hand to the plough.
The

Hindu

Instances

of

be found

all

The

ready
rules

they

Rajpiitana,
Rajputs differ

over

to take
so

service

as

and

who, though

their Hindu

of Ulwnr.

out

from,

elsewhere.

of

from

They

to ally themselves

not

seek their wives

of Hariana

to the north

"

with
king-descendedRajputs tilling

Musalman

far

Rajputs are

hands

own

brethren

maintain

families

with

their

in

their

of their

could

being

old

marriage
clan

own

more

and

and

Rajputs
give their daughters to,Musalman
They are regardedas distinct from Khanzadas,

Rajput origin,have

intermarried

with

several Musalman

tribes.
Of
in

the old

Khanzadas,

the

historical

sketch.

condition

their

present
figures show, they
*
.

they

Fakirs
make

are

the

rulers of

are

of various

I will

Mewdt,

much

has

been

already said

add

something regarding
origin,though, as the
and they cannot
numerically insignificant,

races

and

their

they are

solars,or flagsof the Saint

usually Mudarias,"or
Saiyad Masaud.
"

attendants

now

be

of.shrines

aristocracy. In social rank they are far above the


Hindu
recent
extraction,they are
Meos, and though probably of more
ledge
and will not acknowbetter Musalmans.
They observe no Hindu festivals,
reckoned

the

among

in their

and

the latter,say their prayers,


first-rate
not
They are
them

giving
hold

"j"gir" or
have
emigrated

any

cities,but

In

of

glad
Dull

these

of

the

on

there

to

commands

the

honourable

an

have

family (see Shahabad)


five horsemen

Ulwur

for the state

fixed pay

British

in

know

other

of any
What

the

work

fields and

in the

settlements

Gangetic
Khanzada
clan

are

regiments.

The

Shahabad

supply thirty-

follow

the

chaudri.
of which

There
the prietors
proI do not

plough.*

of Mewat.

out

said of the Khanzadas

was

now

service.

Tijara (see Tijara Tahsil) there is a Khanzada


villagesin the state,in most
twenty-six Khanzada
themselves

women

Of
(see "Army").
many
regiment, is the leading

In

are

the

of their

traditions

receptionin Darbar.
commandantship, and

fort

Khass

in

original

the

fiftyare
are

their

Khanzadas

No
state.

to

the

about

of

seclusion

with

in the fields.

work

women

trade

now

service,and
state

the

as

taken

abandoned

not

monies.
marriage cereMeos, they, unlike

the Ulwur

and

connection

have

who

Khan,
entitled

and

man,

who

villagein

part

Hindu

other castes.

most

eastward

no

military

service

the

have

these
Those

country.
often

beside

rent-free

Some

let their

the
agriculturists,

disadvantage

do not

take

Brahmins

But

shrines.
they pay any respect to Hindu
marriage contracts, and they observe some
Though generallyas poor and ignorant

that

in the historical sketch

based

was

on

of information.
But the
histories,the most reliable sources
Khanzadas
produce family histories and genealogiesof their own, on which,
be placed ; for they do not bear the test
however, much
dependence cannot
of comparison with the Persian histories. According to these family traditions,
Adhan
one
Pal, fourth in descent from Taman
Pal, Jadii chief of
Persian

(see Karauli

Biana

Tijara and
still
north
and

Firozpur (Gurgaon),

to be

are

Gazetteer)established

in the

Thence

seen.

same

his

he

where
hills,
Lakhan

districts

under

their sway,

to have

The
that

belonged
term

Bahadar

death

of the

driven
are

at

His

of which

some

the hills

on

Durala,
Sarehta, a

to

and

sons

1484

towns

tombs

and

time
He

Kptala.

few

remains

the

in

separating

of which

considerable

became,

himself

it is said that

in

miles

to the

(see Sarehta);

of

held

the ruins

Firoz
all

Shah, a
Mewat, and

grandsons settled in the


and villages(kheras)
were
ruins

exist which

are

said

to them.

Khanzada

is
the

Nahar,

associated

there

its limits.

beyond
principalplaces,and

himself

spot called

was

Pal

grandson
Musalman, and established
even

at

himself

probably derived

first of the
with

latter,and, being
*

Shahabad

race

from

the turbulent
a

and

slaves

pervert, would
Marakpur

Khanazad,

mentioned

are

in the
of Firoz

for it appears
Persian
Shah

after the

contemptuously receive
the

principal

tories,
his-

the

of Khdnazdd

name

(slave)from

The

his brethren.

Khanzadas

themselves

indignantly repudiate this derivation,and say the word is Khan


still nobler
the name
Lord
intended
to render
Jadu), and was
came.*
which
from
princely Rajput race
they
About
half the Brahmins
agriculturists. The principal
are
sub-tribe
Gor

in Ulwur

sub-tribe

is the
shown

are

Saraswat.

Found

Maithil.

Do.

The

most

Maharashtra.

Do.

Karnatik.

Do.
Found

of

the

five

Gors,

one

from

intermarry.
There

are

belong

The

Gor

Parik

the

to the

and

Dhardwars

Gor

of

name

most

of

division

the

numerous

most

the

together,but

eat

apart from

of these

sections

or

six gotrs of Gors

The

is the

the second

; and

five Darawars.

India, the second


The
forming the boundary between.
intermarriage,keep entirely aloof the

Gurjas (or Gujardtis)keep

important
Sanawar,

The

North

of the

first four

The

fifty-ninegotrs

in Ulwur.

Adh

Narbadda

the

other.
The

six gotrs

which

Brahmins

regards eating

the

five Gors.

in Ulwur.

the

are

South,

as

The

Do.

first five

those

the

in Uiwur.

Gurja.
The

Brahmin

in Ulwur.

caste

numerous

None

Darawar.

the

in Ulwur.

None

Tailang.

of

in Ulwur.
Do.

UtkaL

of

(or

below.

Kankubjl.
Gor.

great divisions

The

Gor.

Jadu

ten

as

follows

GiijarGor

the

as

the most

"

in

gotr

numerous

not

great divisions,of

already mentioned
are

do

all.

Ulwur;

Chaurasia

the
;

the

Ddhima.

intermarry ; the Gujar


Gor, Churdsia, Parik, and Ddhima, each keeps entirelyaloof from all other
gotrs. In Jaipur, however, Gor gotrs do all eat together,owing to the
action of a Jaipur chief who interested himself in the matter.
all hands
that these caste restrictions are
It is,however, admitted
on
bride and
hears of a marriage in which
weakening, and occasionallyone
to
the
clan
same
bridegroom belong
(gotr).
The
Baniya*.
principal Baniya or Mahdjan clans are Khandelwal
and Agarwal.
held by
of the country now
Minas
were
formerly the rulers of much
for
the Jaipur chief.
They still hold a good social position,
Rajputs will eat and drink from .their hands, and they are
of two
Minas
The
are
trusted
the most
guards in the Jaipur state.
the
and
Chaukidari," or
classes
the
Zaminddri," or agricultural,
Of

these

the

Sanawar

and

Adh

Gor

eat

and

"

"

"

watchmen.

The

former

are

See

excellent

Karauli

cultivators,and

Gazetteer, \\ 1.

are

good,

well-

42

behaved

por.ple. They form u largeportion of the population in Karauli,


and are numerous
in Jaipur.
The
tribe as the other class,
Chaukidari"
Minas, though of the same
distinct from it. They consider themselves
soldiers by profession,
and
are
somewhat
so
brethren,from whom
they take,
superiorto their agricultural
Minas
of the
Chaukidari
but do not give,girlsin marriage. Many
take to agriculture,and, I believe,thereby lose caste to some
extent.
marauders.
These
Chaukidari
the famous
Minas
are
They travel in
in the
bands, headed by a chosen leader,as far south as Haidarabad
robberies
and
the
Deccan, where they commit daring
they are
principal
;
class which the Thuggee and Dacoitee
has
to act
Suppression Department
ful
against. In their own
villagesthey are often charitable ; and as successsome
plunder has made
rich,they benefit greatly the poor of their
and
are
consequently popular. But those who have not
neighbourhood,
the enterprisefor distant
their own
expeditions,but steal and rob near
and
felt to be a great pest. Some
are
homes, are numerous,
villagespay
and
from
them highly as Chaukidars
refrain
to
to protect the
plundering
of Kot
Putli the Chaukidars'
villagefrom others. At the small town
So notorious are they as robbers that
legitimateincome is nearly Rs. 2000.
the late chief of Ulwur, Bauni
Singh, afraid lest they should corrupt
their agricultural
of keeping them
and
desirous
brethren,
apart, forbade
of the welltheir marrying, or even
smoking or associatingwith members
"

"

"

conducted

class.

April 1863 Major Impey, then Political Agent of Ulwur, issued


orders placing the Chaukidari
Minas
under surveillance ; and under Major
CadelPs
lists of them
have been
made
direction,
out, periodicalroll-call
enforced in the villages,
and absence without a leave certificate punished.
I am
divided
not sure
are
that,although, speaking generally,Minas
into Chaukidari
and
Zamindari, there is any hard and fast line between
class ; for M. R.
the two
classes.
There
is,I believe, an intermediate
the
Banni
successful.
two
not very
Singh'sattempts to keep
apart were
This would account
for the figuresof the statement
given below, which,
Minas.
It was
however, still tells heavilyagainst the Chaukidari
pared
prein April 1874.
In

Statement

regarding Ulwur

Mind's

1.

Percentageof agriculturalMinas

2.

Of non-agricultural

3.

Percentage of apprehensions

to
.

of

"

total

the state

populationof
.

to
agricultural

total

5*2

.1*1

sions
apprehen14-0

.......

4. Percentageof

For

number

There

are

for

to total apprehensions
non-agricultural

of Minas
said

to

Dacoityby

the Jeb clan furnished

be

convicted
32

clans

of criminal
of Minas.

offences,see
Out

of 59

"

Jail."

Minas

Dacoity Suppression Department,


8, and the
17, the Kdgot 9, the Sim

the

15 '2

hended
appre-

I found

that

Jarwal

and

Bagri

clan,and

each.

The

Susdmat

that which

held

43
I

was,

believe,formerly the

most

powerful

Amer.

are
Giijarsof Ulwur
not, as elsewhere,an unmanageable class.
in
to
some
anxiety
places be free from the oppression of
Rajput tyrants, who formerly exacted vexatious dues and
has made
curtailed their liberty,
them
The
good subjects of the State.
clans found are the Kasana, Chandija, Rawat, Chandela, Newar, Bhedi.
Jats here, as everywhere else,take the highest rank as agriculturists,

The

Their

or

share

it with

Kachis

alone.

The

clans

found

in Ulwur

Nirwdl, Kawalia, Kadalia, Simrdla, Kdsanwdl, Sadawat.


from eating meat, drinking wine, and
They usuallyabstain from taking life,
"
tobacco.
In
their
Panck
(see"Religon")
smoking
villages
pira makdns"
saints are often maintained.
are
usuallyfound, and Musulman
and need no specialnotice.
Ahirs are good peaceable cultivators,
The
clans are
Mela Kanochia, Bhagwana, Jadon, Bakaria,Sasodia.
The
of Rewari, formerly an
Ahir
Rao
important chief to
of the Jadon
division
the north, belonged to the Aphriya
clan.
He once
is
b
ut
and
360
to
it
the
British
reduced
them
said,
villages,
had,
these,
45,
taken away
from him for his conduct during the mutinies of 1857.
too, were
of the most
and
The numbers
numerous
important castes have been
and something has been said regardingeach.
The Chualready specified,
indeed more
I believe,than any other caste, but they
are
mars
numerous,
in
low
leather workers,
estimation.
are
public
They are cultivators,
very
and villagedrudges.
The
:
following castes have between
10,000 and 20,000 members
Kumhdrs
Fakirs
and
Juldrs
Kulis
or
or
(see p. 39, note),
potters,
are

"

Nais

weavers,

Sakkas

or

barbers,

Khdtis

or

carpenters.

carriers,
religiousdevotees of sorts,Dhobis
Jogis
or
or
washermen, Shekhs (respectableMusalmaus), Luhdrs
blacksmiths,
low
Musalman
Mirdsis
or
musicians, Telis or oilmen, range between
4000
and 10,000.
in high esteem
Rangrez or dyers, usually Musalman
; Saiyads, held
Chelas
(p. 71); Kandkeras, cotton
cleaners, usually Musalman;
or
or

household

water

slaves

"

or

each exceed

2000

in number.

than 1000:
Kahdrs
following there are more
(HindooPalki
camel
Manikdrs
man
(Hindoo
keepers),
(Hindoo and Musalbracelet makers), MujAivars (Musalman
shrine menials), Ddkots
(a
of
low
Brahmin
caste
beggar), Kunjras (Musalman greengrocers),
Bkatidras
sarai
inn caterers.
or
(Musalman
Of

the

"

bearers),Rebdris

Those

which

follow exceed

500

in number

Bharbhuryas(Hindoo grain
Baoris (a thievingand despised
roasters),Agaris (Hindoo salt extractors),
Nakibs
watchman
class),
(Musalman runners),Dkddkis
(a caste of popular
:

"

singers).
Other
Dhunsar

castes

less

numerous

are

Jodh

bargis (a

low

Hindoo

(a very respectablebaniya caste),Bisdtis (pedlars),Kaim

caste),
Kkdnis

44

BJidnds
(respectableRajput Musalmans), Lodhas (?),Palleddrs (porters),
and
C
hdrans
(Hindoo poets),Khajasarai
(Musalman actors),
Hijra (kinds
Gkosi
blanket
of eunuchs), Gadarias
makers),
(milk
sellers),
(Hindoo
Khatris
Kamnigars (painters,formerly bow makers), B"zigars (jugglers),
in
Patuas
workers
Thateras
(Hindoo
silk),
(Hindoo traders),
(brassof silver filings),
Badhiks
workers),Niydria (collectors
(bird catchers),
in order of numerical
Sisgars(glassworkers). The above are mentioned
feweach
The
last
under
are
importance.
twenty.
I have not attempted to distinguishbetween
mere
a
professionand a
proper, which eats and marries with
part the list is one of distinct castes.

caste
most

AND

CONDITION

There

are

wealthy.

Some

-r,

These

"

""

Rajgarh

trouble

and

last

-r"

Bas

of

taken

was

are
/.

found
-rr-

the
one

second

comfortable

of the first-class it
and

from

it,but

the

and

state

only

few

in the city of Ulwur, but


J

in

Kishengarh.
the
to

material

estimate

condition
the

class,the intermediate,and
was

for the

ascertain

to

of

PEOPLE.

in

not

agricultural
population,and
For

THE

extremely wealthy people

no

rich.
The

OF

HABITS

outside

none

calculated

that there would

of the

proportions of
the

very

poor.

be four of the

fifteen to

twenty-five of the third. The first-class live


well,consuming plenty of milk,butter-milk porridge(rdbri),ghee, sugar,
and good flour.
The second-class obtains butter-milk
but
porridge(rdbri),
little if any milk or ghee, and no sugar, and only the coarser
kind of grain.
The third class consumes
water
porridge and coarse
grain ; everything else
due
debts
the
the
All
to
classes get more
less
or
baniya.
goes to pay
tobacco

about

50

per

cent,

do not

more

possess

than

one

head

of cattle.

good deal,however, is spent by the poorer classes on marriages;


though boys often remain long unmarried
owing to poverty, few grow
old single,for Meos
allow concubinage without
bastardisingthe issue of
make
daricha marriages that is,
can
it,and the lower castes of Hindus
the
widows
of
their
brethren.
make
Many
by the marriage
marry
money
of their daughters. Even
often do this.
Baniyas now
In dress I can
discover no strikingpeculiarity. The common
dopatta
in
is worn
with
the
of
the
absence
by men
both, the
angarkha, or
dohar.
The women
wear
coats),
angis* paej"mas (drawers) or ghdgras (pettiand
the tilak,a kind of tunic
women
wear
dopattas. Khanzada
also by low castes.
worn
A European official on coming to Rajputana will observe that his reception

and

"

at

the

usually meets
women

one
collect,

places a
*

villageshe
with
brass

visits is different from

in British
vessel

Kanchali,sina bandh,

on

choli

As

territory.
her head, and
(allthe same}.

he

what

he

approaches,

the party be-

(
India, and

hogrl or

hockey, are

men.
young
is sometimes

is alluded

to in the lines

Nanika

wat

and

46

the

two

principal games
played by
They are chieflyplayed by moonlight. Ilogri
represented in frescoes on palace walls, and
regarding the turbulent founders of the Dasa-

the Shekawat

clans

"

IlajoShekho, rajsu
Parpe nahin ariyanj
Satu

seri

Ddsa

The

defrayed

w^k

^ne

viiiage

ex-

ways

from

trate

to

speak

from

an

Malbak

the

villagefunds, collected
as
they have been, illusvillagelife. In all villages I
of the accounts
of thirty from
or

little checked
the

extent

some

(i.e.,
unchecked),
hocky ball (orplays dacoitee).

open

strikes the

revenue,

"Maibah"or

you

contend
successfully

seven

Ddsa

expenses

dhariyan.

Raja Shekha, with


None

The

mokall,

khel

"

examination

"

4 per cent, oh their land


revenue
was
1" to 3, or even
spent in alms to
and
of
the
celebration
the
to
holy men,
beggars, gifts
principal annual
festivals.
Something was
usually paid for the performances, on other
occasions,of itinerant acrobats and conjurers (natts and kanjars). A
third item was
of the community,
marriage and funeral giftsto members
both proprietorsand village
A fourth,the maintenance
of the
servants.
thara,or building used as the villageassembly house and resting-place,
where the public business of the localityis discussed,and where
lers
traveland visitors find a night'slodging. In a prosperous
village,as much
Us. 700 is occasionallyspent in one
in building a new
proving
imas
or
year
old thara.
The
an
village servants, carpenter, blacksmith,
and
of grain
two
are
or
washerman,
usuallypaid by a maund
scavengers
selected to attend to
per harvest on each well or house, but the Chumar
of Tahsil requisitioningsepoys,
and
the behests
sometimes
the thara
waterman
and sweeper
receive allowances
from the villagefund.
Other
would
items
be mentioned
ministrat
admore
properlyunder revenue
but as the subjectof village expenses
has been
begun it
well be finallydisposed of here.
as
may
"
Lumbardar's
of the villagerepresentatives
food" or the expenses
when
at Tahsfl
The
on
headquarters or at Ulwur
village business.
varied
from
amount
1 to 2, and sometimes
3, per cent, on ihejamma.
"
Patwarree's
allowance
or
to Patwarees,was
from
sayer"
stationery
to two

one

"

cent,
due.
as

Interest
per

rupees
"

levied

by the
commencing

mensem,

This

seems

stimulant

harvest.

very
to

severe,

state

from
but

punctuality,and

on

arrears

of

at

revenue

the fourth

day after the


t
he
practically high rate of
very

little interest

has

to

1^

revenue

per
was

interest acts
be

charged.

rule of

The
M.

charging interest

or

Political

was

interest

should

interest

is

"

of

cost

or

(rund),
This

with.

Three-fourths

summons

bearer

be

introduced

described

when

by

as

successful
un-

Captain Impey

council
due

arrears

direct

to
;

and

that

compound

"

of the

"

talabana

at

is

committee

The

court.

civil

to cut

or

revenue,

pay

before

criminal, and
paid daily until

is

sum

but

to

summonses

to appear

or

in revenue,

summons

pice.

of the

been

charged.

never

preserve

for each

to have

seems

one-fourth

exceed

never

Talabana,"

grass

arrears

from Dehli, and cannot


Singh's Diwans
oppressive. At least not as modified
He
induced
the
Agent at Ulwnr.*

Banni

R.

on

In

cases.

the

goes

annas

eous
miscellanis

summons

present

state

is 2

rate

to the

considering whether

complied
mazkuri, or
talabdna

the

the
might not be credited to the state, and fixed regular pay allowed
interested
in delaying the attainment
of
mazkuris, who would not then be
the object of the summons.
straint
Captain Impey and the council had caused orders to be issued in rethe limit of which
of village expenses,
fixed at a percentage
was
these
of the villagejamma.
With
modification
orders were
some
lately
has
directed
that
in
future
thus
it
been
malbah
shall
not
ceed
exre-afiirmed,
on

of

revenue

t"

15

."

percent,

the

on

jamma

or

revenue.

10
"

"

'

"

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"j

"

"

"5

"

;"

"

/"

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"

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Major

directed

inquiry

minute

money-lenders

from

borrowed
follows

Cadell

J"

""''""''"-''

...

to

pay

in

jamma

tahsil

one
one

on

(Tijara)regarding amounts
The

harvest.

result

was

"

of 106 had
villages]out
had borrowed
13avillages

not

44

14

borrowed

at all.
BO

under

...

"

"

'

"

7
4
5
3
4
2
1
1
1

Total

borrowed

was

"

"

"

19,760

Interest

charged by money-lenders

Paid

realisingcrops

on

Balance

due

to

"

21,866
20,151

money-lenders

1,715

as

(
allowance

The

Lumbarbars

to

territory under
the
Katumbar
three

per

above

the

It

jamma,

and

is not

cent,

and
Lumbardars

malbah,
held

as

Lambardars

their

for

often

which

The

of

Dispensary

M.

heavily

one

Sheodan

on

levied

British

known

State

be

forwarded
The

of

and

and

the

malbah.

and

in

the

but

chaukidars

have,

them

the

service
when

the

as

think,

and

they

of

the

village, and

the

community,
for

cesses

dispenbut

jamma,

imposed

were

directlydue

the

to

in

on

necessaries

tahsil,in

one

supplied

were

which

their cost

that

their

with

the

many

ancestors

favour

the

practice of payment by the


accounts
will be regularly

the

elsewhere, held
and

their

goods,

certain

extent

and

repression

the

in

extent

to

generally employed,
villagesnot included in the

which

the

different

military service beyond


least
more

of

numerous

than

probably
in the

any

is due
time

sponsible
re-

not

are

of

expenses

to

enumerated, except those connected


which
is elsewhere
spoken of.

This

Khanzadas.

doubt, regarded

is often

which

been

^na^

contribute

with

for
thus

business, are allowed


is
gratis. This allowance

these

village watchmen

or

territoryseek

acquired by
met

their

as

Treasury.

Ulwur,

w[i\ J-JQgeen

come

about

tahsils,and

ordinary liabilities

Musalmans,

well

as

of

not

are

pots

Ulwur

protection of travellers

Ulwur

service.

that

per cent,
addition
to the
These

moving

ordered

of grass preserves,
the
following list shows

Foreign

ordered

one

and

ago,

earthen
In

cutting
The

no

State, in

villages,except

in

audited

revenue

schools, and

years

sufficien
in-

to be

veto.

the

all the

to

for

all the

land

or

good

members

the

recently

villagersare

crime,

jamma.

State.

has

extended

the

in

kabtib.

the

the

council

malbah,

and

over

Lumbardars,
recently

and

officer.

as

by

payment
defrayed by

The

for

many

fodder, wood,
without

for

of
of

two

of the

out

expenditure,

on

poorest

vote

states officials,
when

In all native

paid

the

by

included

Singh

of any

influence

from

check

the

cent,

per

jg not

R.

put

effectual

no

saries,is

and

school.

cent,

per

this

collection

the

consequence

than
glorification

have

cesses

to

own

falls

although they

two

in

is

But

State, provided that the total percentage sanctioned


is
An
inducement
detailed, is not exceeded.

the

above

to

out

more

to receive

from

has

council

the

are

allowance

was

malbah,"

"

the

only.

two

part

British

per cent
in the Tahsils

three, and

demand, but
jamma, or Government
of
the
responsibilities
felt,considering

was

by

most

from

paid

usually

is

the

in

villages,which
pachotara is five

of'

name

Ulwur

for

Bansur

of

heads

or

the

in

43

of

the

castes, the

imperial armies, and,


suspicion by Rajput chiefs :
"

and

habit

Musalman

the

castes

its limits.

the

other,
to

with

as

that
of

of
It

put
Rajafter

foreign

supremacy,

perverts, were,

253

There
not

of

are

the

said

military

to

be

about

profession,

200

in

260

Uiwur
service

artisans,
in

British

munshis,
territory.

and

others,

3-

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NonCulti

CHAPTER

III.

RELIGION.

Kuldevi

THE

family

or

of
Hindu

of

deity

Raiputand,

Narukas,

the

the

is

the

Rai,
are

said

with

Ram,

however,

paid

by

Narukas

and

and

whose

Sita,

Khrishn's

the

half

of

followers

in

Devi

is

there

doubt,

not

it

as

Baktawar

Sagar,

class.

is

Vdmis.

perhaps

so

the

practise

all

the

of

to

in
is

As

near,

so

Baldeo.
"

Jai

or

the

regards
whom

person

Vishnu

Ulwur

and

Baldeojf !"

Jai

from

descent

class

salutation.

the

respect

both

upper
"

sulted
con-

one-fourth

sects,

old

no

Shiv
It

am

the

Ulwur

Wilson's

abominations

the

"

the

of

The

Shiv

called

account

Sects."
of

or

Shakta

called
The
which

the
Kunda
Vamis

no

priests,
where
on

Baktawar
Shakta

divisions

Nil

though,

Bakteswar

Raja

the

is

"

Khushalgarh,

respectable
all

date,

called

Swamisx

near

very

modern

place

maintained,

of

devotees
are

of

still

disreputable
Vamis

Hindoo
on

Maharao

that, of

as

of

temples
at

temple

the

the

minority,

great

place

reputation.

afraid

in

temple
is

affected

included

are

though

Naldai,

division

worst
Kuras

of

are

himself,

have

at

prosperous
The

forms,
There

themselves
but

Dakshina;

called
none

all

claim

army,

and

of

(see Nilkanth).

was

"

state

most

birthplace, Mathura,

whom

valley.

Bansiir,

Singh

Banni

and

in

go

whom

they

well-informed

amongst

her

manifested

Shiv

son,

contending

when

to

the

repute.

be

to

his

both.

Tahla

once

in

Narainpur

Mahadeo

to

the

since

forms

interesting

very

above

Kanth,"

of

high

intelligent,

all

important
but

in

Hindus

Shiv,

of

deities

family

ruling

tar

Dhola

that

subsequently

Chief

not

performed.

with

his

as

commonest

the

one-fourth

and

The

is

an

mass,

estimated

Shiv,

the

are

of

religion

the

brother

elder

Ragundthji!"

are

here

was

Ulwur

the

carried

too,

by

the

Kachwahas,

Khrishn,

It

Mahadevi

tonsure

naturally

are

other

reverenced

much

is also

from

of

sons

of

images

Sri

Jaipur.

in

The

territory,

and

State,

aid

ceremony

and

and

Sri

the

Sita

Ram

Jaipur

Jaipur

in

territory.

miraculous

Bargujars.
have

to

Ulwur

present

received

and

temple

the

riiver

Banganga

of

corner

of

have

to

Minas

this

is

south-east
founder

the

is in

temple

'

the

or

gorge

Kachwahas

the

the

of

whose

'

deitiea.

from

also

as

Mahadevi,

Jamwahi

the

Singh
persuasion

of
sect

Hinduism,
known

Kunda

Pant/i,

Panth
are

as

is said

infamous.

(
behind
At

the hills
over
years at Dhaolf Dhiib, and used to wander
which
he got his living.
into the fort in search of sticks,by selling

lived many

Das

Lai

Ulwur, and

lengthhe began

saluted him, and

to work

Musalman

unworldliness,enjoined him

piety and

After

the

this Lai

Das
"

Ramgarh

others."
hottest

weather;

collected

of all

and

to

they
had

laid

he

his

Lai

was.

he knew

Das

having caused

off.

followed

Lai

and

wife;

repliedthat the

with

Das,

both

by

then

the

another

On

party

the well

them

became

occasion

Lai

of

in the

this Ldl

Das

he

followers,was

true

of

Bahadarpur
and

Musalmans,

foolish

Meo's

one

what

"

house.

The

asked
he

was

Faujdar

releasingthem, but theywould


from

water

sweet,

Das

his

and

question
price of

good

miraculous

For
that

in

Disciples

him

Faujdar

Hindus
was

the

as

Faujdar gave

that

was

the

sick.

from

prayed

Musalman

The

Ulwur,
the

might be
a
Mughal official began,and
the death
of a Mughal who

in
not, but he got his garment, the flesh,

of which

well."

Das

miles

being

Rs. 5 apiece from

nothing, and

result

roan's

Das

standing

austerities

the

assembly.

an

gift. Lai

his

cured

of
and

support

through great

before

and

Musalmans.

and

north-east

own

oilman, received

an

him

Das, and, discovering

Hindus

miles
his

persecution from

Lai

few

Bahadarpur, a

demanded
pay

arose

another

on

expressed surpriseat
in truth

from

for

tiger,and

adulteress

an

expose

one,

eventuallyresumed
It

hands

carried to

what

castes,and

Lai

both

went

and

snake

all his false disciples,


so

of

all fell away.

him

hill,and

from

laboured

he

"

teach

to

Bandoll, sixteen

at

top of

safe

he used

reproved him,
relieved

the

on

was

him

round

which

power,

lived
There

pargana."

lived

He

and

went

with

conversed

Musalman

Tijara,found

of

Chishti Gadan,

saint,one
The

excited elephant stopped in full career

An

miracles.

in the air in meditation.


his

54

and

poisonous well,the only

known

was

afterwards

as

"

the

assaulted

by Mughals, and called to


followers,thinking that
killed
to
Lai
that
the Mughals, and
derogatory
Das, spread a report
they
anger was
that Lai Das had shown
Lai Das
resided
left Bandolf, and
at the neighno
bouring
anger.
of
in
the
Ulwur
now
on
border,where, beingpersecuted,
village Todi,
Gurgaom,
he went
At Naroli the people refused him water, whereupon their wells dried
away.
up.* At Rasgan, in Ramgarh, he was well received,and there he remained
a
while,
the way."
repeatingGod's name, and teaching disciples
Lai Das, though he at times is said to have practisedthe severest
asceticism,had
led a life of celibacy.
not
He
had
a
daughter, named
Sarupa, who could work
miracles.
One day he told her that greatness and wonder-working even
were
vanity,
like
the
wind
alone
and
they, too, pass away
were
availing. Those
gentleness
; purity
who
be
possessedthem would attain to peace in heaven
(Har ke lok),and no more
sugar
his

protectionangels,who

fourteen

slew

was

of them

; but

his

"

"

subjectto

birth

him

on

and

hope

in God

where

Lai

(" Kutb

on

death.
Lai

Lai

Das's

Das

announcement
was

had

would

in

foretold

gone,

succeed

with

one

born

to

Das's

of the

Kutb."

born, and

Naroli

she too

Lai

is uninhabited

Khan

the birth

who

work

; it

was

of

of

months

always joyful. Soon


no
"

said,

hamlet

hurry
I have

of

or

Lai

anxiety.

Karmala

to be

was

after God

"

Das

no

received
his

the

faith, a

grief,for God-

spoke
second

(Sain ko
of

all had

(?Harmandir),
a polarstar

mosque

felt

ings
bless-

"

These

after,to try

Das

faith in God

Munpur

births.

many
few

Khan.

son, who

directly. Lai

died

manifested
Lai Das

A voice in

to him

miracle-worker

Ghaus

and

Deo.

word, "Bhala!"
him,

Das

died.

other

no

in the

worshippers (Harbhagatan) are


"

Pahara, too, was

son,

brothers, Sher

(Harji)alone,and

"),and

daughter

and

to

him

again

daughter was
meri
biswas).

Rdnigarh, Ulwur.

55

born.
The child lived but
lengtha boy, after eighteen months' pregnancy, was
for not showing him
his
eighteendays, but he spoke and reproached his mother
Lai Das was
father.
sent for,and spoke to him, whereupon the child died
satisfied.
washed
and dressed
the corpse, and
his sister Sarupa besought her
A faithful Sadh
him
father
to commemorate
taken towards
by a miracle. The child's body was
Bandoli
t
he
infant
had
been
(where,apparently,
daughters
interred).A deep stream
in the way ; but, as Sarupa walked
was
forward, a dry path appeared, and the little
carried to Bdndoli,where
which has stilla great
a Dargdh was
established,
corpse was
At

reputation.
It

Musalman,

as

pray

Hindus
received

the

hands, and

that

it

the

another

of

his

cuts

own

that

twelve

ride

to

did

that

he

Lai

Das,

for

sent

with

had

Musalmans

Das

not

taught
who

who
disciples,

became

in

his

Das

to

quiet

compelled Ldl

killed,and

he

kindly.

who

was

replied, Love
"

be

shown

then took

Das

and

how

God.

followers

to

God

is

and

then

the

Sahib

Hukm,

the

necromancers

could

the

hakim,

had

beloved

(jadugirs)could
the evil

exorcise

not

do

spirit.

one

and

by

jiothingto
mother

Her

such

in

was

from

separate

all.
kills

Whoever

castingthe

derer
mur-

the

judgment-seat,where
of that day."

turned

meat

was

who

saying

meat,

as

go.

God's

confined under

daughter

ate

and

the fear

severity. They all vanished, and the guard


which
they all appeared again in the jail.

on

and

before

in mind

him

offered

they come

escape

hand,

were

he

is avenged

good keep

into his

the food

his twelve

But

Musalman

Turk, by which

justice. The

will do

Das

Mulvls

Lai

and

me

Lai

go ;

Das

Hindu

Let

hell.

without

and

prophet,but

them

he

throat,for the murdered

Ldl

them

one

treated

Lai

path for

himself

but

of the

food, and

God.

one

into

God

which

horse

the

on

"hakim"

accompanied

which

Musalman

was

is

The

of Tijara,that Lai Das

to life.

path

There

call

doctrine.

same

vicious

Tijdra "hakim"

The

Governor

Mughal

kindly, and
A

him.

fawn

came

carry,

the

messengers

leave

to

Hukm,

performablutions,nor

nor

Musalmans

and

refused

Sahib

reportedto

was

fine rice.

to

guard for the night,


imprisoned for letting
a

tormented

was

relieve

her;

appealed to

by

and

Lai

witch,

and

Kazis

Das,

and

he

"

who
demon
immediately began to kiss his feet ; and the
(jin)
girl,
and
declared
his
Das
Lai
submission.
before
appeared
having
girl,
In Maujpur (Lachmangarh pargana) was
a
holy man, Mansukha
by name, and
and
love
in alms.
God
true
who
loved
with
Malli
a
(sachhi
prit),
a
by caste,
gave much
no
He believed in Lai D"s, but his wife disparagedhim because he worked
miracles,
said Lai Das
he could not avoid being carried off to Tijdra. Mausukha
and because
On his going shortlyafter to pay his respects,Lai Das
knew
the thoughtsof men.
Mansukha
of his unbelievingwife.
received him badly on account
was
fully
going sorrowhim
and
back
comforted him,
Ldl Das, however, forgavehim, and called
away.
the

to

went

"

left the

just as

Agra merchant

An

thing,

some

showed

goods were

emotion.
he had

as
offering,
A Kayath
or

some

the

saved.
The

Lai

goods were
of

Das

heard

saved.

wealth
made

and
life

shipwrecked merchant, he

of
a

the prayer

on

of

corrected.

Some

said

to

give it to Vishnu

was
high position,

to

to

him.

him

at

one

him, promisinghim
the distant merchant,

However, Lai Das refused his

burden

went

she has

for advice.

Das, and called

wealth, but told him

disease,which

child whom

asked

He

Lai

remembered

Agra, of great

of

foul skin

goodness to

no

he

need

consoles

and

arms

shipwrecked.

was

another ; but

tithe if his

and

into her

takes

mother

afflicted

Hearing

thank-

Sadhs.

of

the full moon,

by leprosy
Lai

Das's

Lai Daa'a

Kayath to give all his goods in charityand


having forsaken all pride and worldliness,he
blacken
his face,mount
a donkey, and
hang a gourd on his back. He obeyed ;
his subsequentlybathingat the junction of the rivers at Allahabad, his body

day of reception. The

chief

abandon
was

to

and

on

other

who

prevents

Das

of

burial alive

the

same

type
700

with

Das

in the

related
of

1884,

s.

others out

with

met

Thakuria

one

of the proceedsof his own


his
to appoint him
of

acceptance

it,and

Thakuria

authority.

Das,

NagaCharan
should

Mewat

Singh.

wished
virtues,

of

feeds

Lai Das prophesiedthat


buffaloes,

having

Lai

of

account

followers.

their chief Jai

being unworthy

as

are

predictsthe famine

off his

and

death, Lai

honour
or

his

to him

the necessary

the

declined

of

the sun,

comes

himselfand fed

with

God

who

Kachw.lchas

his

maintained

of

having carried

belong to the
Before

miracles

eclipseof

an

Mathura,
Meos

saint told the

token

gold.

as

pure

Various

The

In

world.

the

became

by

56

Chapra, who

of V.

labour,and
successor

Lai Das

gave

him

blessed

was

; but

Thakuria

the choice of

chose the former.

According to popular belief,Lai Das died s. 1705 (A.D.1648), at


108, at Nagla, a Bhartpur villageon the Ulwur
border, and
eventuallyat Sherpur, in Ramgarh, Ulwur, where there is now

of
the age
buried
was
a

fine shrine.
Lai

Das's

Like

sayings have
a
popular
religiousbooks of

been

from

extracts

all

simple and

familiar.

but very

preserved by

collection
the

kind,

It treats

the

called

in

his

followers,and

bdni

or

successive

chapters

few

subjoin.
language is
eight subjects,

gutka

it is in verse, and

the
of

is flowingand

tation
verse
briefly
;
regular. Followingeach exhori
n
which
an
hymns (bhajari)
irregular metre,
embody the
much
the greater
teaching, and are adapted for singing. They occupy
Musalman
portion of the bdni.
Kariina," are used, but
terms, such as
are

"

allusions
Sdkhis

to
are

Hindu
mixed

(bhagat),and
exhortation,which
The

book

mythology

opens

with

up

the words
is

with

of Kabir's
unfrequent. Some
the bhajans. The
first heading is worship
of the true
Guru
(Sabad). It is a general

repeated in
a

not

are

more

condemnation

detail in
of

the

begging ;

this

point is,I think, the most


strikingand
upon
the teaching of Lai Das, who may
be regarded as a
as

the

followingextracts
"

"

will show:

subsequent chapters.
the emphasis laid
interestingfeature in
missionaryof industry,
and

"

LaljiBhagat bhlkh

na
manghe,
Mangat awe sharm
Ghar ghar haudat
dokh hai
Kya Badshah kya Hurm."

Saith

Lalji,Let not the devotee beg


Begging is shameful ;
Wandering from house to house is wrong,
Even
if they be those of kings or queens."

(That is,begging is begging,even

"

if you

beg only from

the great and

wealthy.)

(
The
the

second

chapteris

strain

same

57

the

on

)
saint

true

(Sadh),and

it too opens

in

"

LaljfSadhu

"

Dhan

aisa

Har

Hirde

Saith

jai."

na

should

Sadh

The
Laljf,

Who

kbaf

kf chdkrf

Pargharkabhu
"

chahiye

kaim'ikar

be

one

the food he eats ;

earns

Let God's service be the heart's,


And

(That is,these
The

Sadh

should

should

be candid

and

return

bold in

aisa

ka

phirjure
jaf."

Let there be

should
on

be

with

(man)
The

force,and

one

or

only interrupted,

delusion."

no

pat rake);

men

the

chapter is
which
spirit
"

on

back.

These

points are

dwelt

burden

of the

third

chapter,on

mind

respectfor the rightsand property of others


produces it
"

Laljihak khaiyehak piyiye


ki karo

Hak

In baton

faroh

Sahib

khushi

Birla barti kol"


"

Eat what is your own, drink


Laljf,
And sell only whatsisyour own
;
to God,
For these thingsare pleasing

Saith

But few

He

who

he

to turn

its restraint.

fourth

(kak),and

the

are

be

passions(Pdnckon

resolute not
persistent,

much

and

his

over

baja f

speaksout plainly
;
be
broken
friendship

Who

lord

lie

dhokha

should

Sadh

The

Whether

be

kare).

chahiye

rahe

ke

Man

should

(angun tipar gun

"

Ki tute

He

great duties.)

evil

good for
speech
Chaure

"

begging."

the two

are

Sadhu

"

about

go not

is your

own,

observe them."

for
this injunction,
begs disregards
"

what

Laljfghar karo
hamari

Suno
Dozak

we

Gharbari

hi

to

he lives

on

others.

hal karo

sfkh

jaenge

mange

bhfkh

hai,
Kya mangte ka man
khai
tukra
!
Mange
Kutta jun handat phire,
Janain akarath jai."
H

(
"

Saith

58

If you keep
Laljf,

house, then keep a plough.

Listen to my teaching
They will go to hell will
"

What

Who

loses all

Das

rejectcounsel,and
and

which

rather

beg.
beggar?

begs and eats morsels,


begging like a dog,
life passes profitlessly."
who

wanders

His

Lai

has

honour

One

who

householders

Those

the

patience with

with
shocks

which

bitterness

mild

Hindu,

Bahte

ko

and

mean

insincere

when

is contrary to his usual

he says

they
spirit,

"

bahjando,
pakrao thor,
Samjhaya samjhe nahin,

"

Mat

De
"

Let the
Give
When

true

fifth

Sadh.

The

sixth

is

the

on

true

Siira tabhi

"

Lare

Purja
To

Think

"

Who

Who
But

The
and

seventh

devotion

are

is

the

on

dwelt

on,
"

two."

or

(sil),the
hero, who
crouches

(sobka)of

ornament

fights and

and

wins

the

in the

regrets
"

jauiye,

dhani

ke

ho
pnrjd,

het,
pare,

chhore

na

listen,

not

push

the coward

where
battlefield,
spiritual

aur.

he would

give him

is "calmness"

heading

"

do

drift away
man
drifting
him nothingto grasp ;
warned

Now

The

dhaka

khet."

him

only a good soldier


fightsfor his Lord ;
be cut to pieces
may
leaves not his ground."

true

teacher

and

who

So dhan

(Satgur),whose

acts

Lalan

on

vigour, courage,

Lai Das's words

"

sanchro,

So age ko hoi,
Kandha
pichheganthri,
Jat
"

Lay

up, says

Which
With

na

Never

dekha

Lai,that

hereafter
bundle
was

koi."

on
man

treasure

avail ;
may
his shoulder
seen

to

leave the world."

The ninth
and
its evil.
on
eighth is on greed (lobh,IdlacJi)
b
ut
of
the
other
asceticism
advantages
(bairdg),
prdndydm, practisedby
dwelt
and
not
on
are
(seep. 62, note),
apparentlywas not enjoined
sects,
The

by

Lai

Das.

(
Lai

Sadhs,like

Lai

59

himself,are familymen, and marry


The
with Meos, but do not eat with them.
rites which a coninitiatory
vert
In
token
has to undergo ought to ensure
of
his
ment
abandonsincerity.
like
of the world
he
the
and
worldly pride,
has,
wealthy leper
mentioned
on
a donkey with
above, to blacken his countenance, to mount
his face to its tail,and to hang a stringof shoes about his neck.
A cup
member
of
the
of sherbet is then given him, and he becomes
a
fraternity.
A convert
has been known
to be plundered of all it
to allow his house
contained ; and besides maintaining himself
cumbent
by his own
labour,it is inLai
of
Dasi
his
But
to
these
to
a
others.
on
good
give
earnings
the Sadhs, and
of
are
are
comparativelyfew. There are large numbers
Meos who
Pir and a great Meo.
as
a
merely hold Lai Das in reverence
of
rude
to be
music, seem
Repetition Ram's name, and singing hymns to
the only forms of worship ; but meditation," keeping God's name
in the
heart," is,I am told,held essential.
Prdndydm (p. 62, note)is practisedby a few Lai Dasis, though, as
not
already stated,its necessitywas
taught by the founder of the sect,
The

and

is not
The

meal

Dasi

Das

common.

day

before

each

those

full moon,

is made

and

in the

Sunday,

every

are

kept as

fasts.

it is

evening,when

a duty to light
a
days
the
lamp
burning during
keep
night.
The
Lai Dasis are
chieflyMeos, Baniyas, and Kalals,and are most
in the eastern
in Bhartnumerous
portion of the State. There are many
and
further
whence
Las Das
the
to
some
they come
pilgrimages
east,
pur,
shrines
in Ulwur.
In Firozpur,of the Gurgaom
district,there are
"
khatis
and
Agarwala Baniyas who follow Lai Das.
(carpenters)
There are two very small Lai Das makdns, or placesof worship, in Ulwur
city, and at the shrines at Sherpur and Bandoli in Ramgarh, Dhaoli
Dhiib in Ulwur, and Nagla, a Bhartpur village close to Sherpur. Fairs
At Sherpur, on
held at those places three times a year.
are
Asoj 11
(fullmoon) about July,and on Magh punam
(October),on Asarh punam
about November
Bandoli
two
days later,and at Dhaoli Dhub, two
; at
The Sherpur fair is attended by 10,000 or
days later than at Bandoli.
the
others
1000
or
2000; and amongst the visitors are often
by
12,000
on

and

it

"

merchants

of wealth.

I have

ventured

to dwell

followers,because
of which
territory

Moreover,so

far

he

at

considerable

length

Lai Das

on

within

to Ulwur,
belongs peculiarly
and
where his shrines
taught,
of
know, there is no printedmention

he lived and
as

and

the
are

Lai

his

present
situated.
Das

and

his sect.
Charan
Charan

Dasis

Das

was

be disposed of more
may
born at Dehra, near
Ulwur,7 in

summarily,
1760

s.

1703), he, when


not

seem

very young,
have
returned
to
to

was

taken

to

Dehli, and

place,or
Wilson, in his

to

his native

neighbourhood. Besides,Professor

"

although

(A.D.
v

for

Charan

Dasis.

does
have

Hindoo

taught

in

its

Sects,"gives

(
information

some

Charan

Das

he

was

regardingthem,
of the Dhusar

was

good

caste, and,

he died in

authoritysays

same

I need

which

in addition

musician

GO

at

repeat

accordingto the Ulwur

length.
account,

to his other

accomplishments.
(A.D.1782).

1839

s.

not

The

dissenting sects,the Charan Dasis keep images in


found as members
of the
their temples and respect Brahmins, who
are
with more
sect.
They are spoken of by orthodox Hindus
respect than
the other sects are, the four Sampradiyas excepted. Indeed, the Charan
Basis may
be considered
to belong to the same
diyas,
category as the Sampraand I have
included
them
amongst the dissenting sects only on
of
their
attachment
the
vernacular.
account
to
They are not numerous
nor
wealthy in Ulwur
territory,where, however, there are ten small
temples and monasteries,two of which are in the city. Their Sadhs are,
I believe,all celibate.
Unlike

the

There

is

temple at Bahadarpur,where

one

and
village,

other

is better off than


of Charan

in honour
is at

Another

Dehra,

naval-string,and
The

there

and

are

in different

Gutka

small

is

rosary

monument
are

kept

over

at

Charan

Das's

Dehra.

parts of the State.

Sanscrit learning
breviary exhibits more
than
of the other
those
sects, and, instead of passing allusions to
details
into
mythology, goes
regarding Sri Khrishn's
family, and merely
orthodox
Sanscrit
there
t
he
Thus
is a chapter on
teaching.
popularises
of the Upanishad and another from the Bhagwat Puran.
Its styleis
one
and
less involved
than other books of the
full,expressive,
perhaps more
class.
The
Sadhs
hold to the vernacular,and some
said to
time ago are
have resented an attempt of a learned Charan
Dasi to substitute Sanscrit
for
In
the vulgar tongue.
verse
this,as remarked
above, is their main
distinction from
the Sampradiyas, which
Gutka
Sanscrit.
The
prefer
contains the Sandeha
Jahdz
mentioned
Sdgar and Dharma
by Dr. Wilson.
One rather strikingchapter,professedlytaken from
Sanscrit work,
some
should be called Nas Khetr's
Inferno."
Nas Khetr
is permitted to visit
of sinners,which are described in detail,
the hells and to see the torments
and the sins of each class specified.It is,in fact,an amplification
of the
Puranic
of " Nark," adapted to impress the minds
of the vulgar.
account
Nas Khetr
is then taken to see heaven, and subsequently
returns
to earth
The

Das

possesses a
fair is held at Bahadarpur,

his ancestor.

and

where

his garments

remainder
Charan

the others.
Das

the establishment

or

"

to narrate

Both
"

Kabir

what
Lai

Panthia.

he has

Das

Charan

to, Kabir.
ments

and

and

witnessed.

in

Das

There
the

quote freelyfrom,

are

city,and
the

two

Kabir

members

lower

Panthi
of the

allude

respectfully

monastic

establish-

or

sect

are

found

in

the

villagesamongst
place to insert something like an
extracts
from, the Kabir Panthi
Gutka," more
particularlyas he was
the greatest,and, after Ramanand,
the earliest,
of the great dissenting
towns
out

of

"

orders.

It will not, therefore,


be
abstract of, and to give some

62

deceit,impurity,and stupidity.
Restrain the five tats and the twenty-fiveprikats*
Force back the mind
and the breath (man pawari).^
bhekh ki paksli). God
Seek not worldly or sectarian aid (jctgataru
seek the help of Truth
(Ram) is unaided (nirpaksh)
; be thou so too, or
avarice
abandon
(Mm, krodk, mad/t,loWi)\
lust,anger, pride,
alone,and
combine
knowledge (gyari)with freedom from passion (bair"g). What
good is the former without the latter ? Man is incomplete without the
"
Be kind, be kind, be kind."
Be
woman.
Cling to truth and mercy.
the gong
satisfied with formal
not
worship at the fixed times when
ever
beats, but be worshipping night and day where an unseen
gong
there is neither Ved
like thunder, where
Koran
calls with a sound
nor
rests in the sky depths,and where
where
the pure Essence
(bed kited),
in
the Sadh
thought dwells.
Avoid

is full of

world, which

the

So will you escape illusion and gain liberation.


He who
Few
learn the secret of rest and peace.
realise its comfort.
the

divine

uradJi);

rests

in the

dwells

is

brave

breath

he

of God

ocean

soldier

man,

and

in his emotions

in,and

(this is

alone

can

is drunk

with

dwelt

at
upon
earth (aradh

(stirwdri).He

here the five


Explained by a Sadh to mean
The
the forces
are
sky.
prikats
twenty-five
as

it

tastes

sports between heaven and


(the type of purity)floats.

the sword
of
grasps
he conquers
battlefield,
lust,
This is no
coward's work, a

knowledge (gy"n shamsher),he enters the


he tramps down
pride,and avarice.
anger,
devoted hero only can
do it.
*

drinks

and

there the lotus

Sadh

The

each

He

love.

great length). He
aru

With

elements
of nature

"

sphere,
earth,air,fire,
water, atmoas

manifested

in the natural

movements.

practice called prdndydm enjoinedby certain schools of


the devotee
(jogi)to obtain a perfect mastery over
and
to be united
his passions,and even
with the Deity.
over
elementary matter,
finally,
It consists in sittingin certain attitudes,
the
of
the
the
fixing
point
eyes on
nose, and tho
mind
on
some
aspect or attribute of the Deity, and in breathingvery slowly,and in particular
attach the greatest importance to this practice. Not
The orthodox
ways.
long
has

t This

reference

philosophyaud

to

Purdnas

the

to enable

chiefs in India sent a Brahmin


to Ulwur
to obtain books
the
principal
on
Of
the
o
bserve
some
Raj library.
sects,
it,thus the Charan
certainly
Dasi breviary dwells minutely on it. The
Kabir breviaryenjoinsit in a general way, but
detailed
a
nd
the
Dasi
Lai
no
gives
instructions,
as
breviary,
alreadymentioned,does not
that
there is a very numerous
allude to it. Dr. Carpenterhas remarked
class of persons
who
are
subjectto what may be termed 'waking dreams,'which they can induce by
of the

one

ago

subjectfrom

the

"

of these dreams
placing themselves in conditions favourable to reverie ; and the course
is
determined
individual's
the
into
essentially
by
prepossessions,
play by suggestions
brought

conveyed

from

of the gaze

for

in 1851

than
power

was

of

without.

certain

borg,to

the

showed

is

many

who

do

not

spontaneouslyfall

to induce
quitesufficient

proportion of

such

it ; and

the

into this

mesmeric

susceptibleindividuals

to

state,fixity

mania

be

of Edinburgh

much

larger
accounts
for the popular belief in the
previouslysupposed." This sufficiently
prdndydm, but the patienceand exercise of the will,which it demands, no

doubt, often gives


A

In

minutes

some

form
wit.

it

of it

beneficial moral

seems

to

have

been

which
effect,

practisedby

strengthens
some

the

Christian

faith in its value.


teachers

"

Swedeu-

(
"

The

Sadh's

suffers but
and

day

work

night;

than

the warrior

moment,

is harder

if he loosens

for

short

for
earthlywarrior's,

an

time, but

the

the reigns the least,he falls from

Sadh

"

Satis,or

only

03

ka

Sati
Sur

Sadh

heaven

the

to

Sati

struggle

must

earth."

khel to bikat baira mata

aru

ki chal

sur

age

gham-sarnhai

palak do char ka
Sati gham-sam pal ek lage
Sadh sangram
hai ren
din jhujhna
Deh

pariyant ka

Kahe

Kabir

To

He
His

like

must,
be

must

The

ulat

tuk
man

kam

jamin

su

gagan

Bartri,abandon

bhai

dill kare

bag

all

aL"

and pleasures.*
worldly possessions

complete devotion.

way

He

is narrow,
the
is swallowed

thick

pass

in the

up

in
forest,
mud

of

it the

discipleis

action,he

sinks

tangled.
en-

into the

depths of hell

(nick narak).
the Guru
if,though listeningto him, you keep
be destroyed by the
poison of sensuality; acts cannot

Blame

not

the
of

knowledge ;

whatsoever

seed

the

man

the

sows,

ing
drinkbullet

fruit of it shall

he eat.
"

The

his,he does it ; the goodness is his,he benefits by it.

evil is

He

himself

He

immerses

He

frees himself

Saith
He

In

the

from

awake

it and

is all

of

dwells

man's

bringshimself

to

ruin.

poison ;
the

on

holy name.

work.

own

himself.

pour night and day, yet it will not penetratea glazedvessel.


(of the preacher)fails to piercea rock, blame not the archer."

may

If the

shore ; he himself

to

himself in the stream

Kabir, this

must

Rain

bringshimself

arrow

(snary,mirat,pdtdl heaven, earth,and hell),one


(Mdya, illusion)has been produced. In her is entangled all

woman

life.

loks

three

There

is

one

"

clay and

enchantress

vessels,one

many

is manifested

in all.
The
How

will

he

(clozak).Let
the

so

slayingand making animals lawful food.


He
will go to hell
in God's
?
court
answer
(dargdJi)
him
evil appetites. Let him
kill nothing but his own
peat
rehis
Kalima
all
let
above
in
heart,
him,
things,keep pity
;

Musalman

pure
shall he reach
The

second

The

Guru

Mian

the

talks of

Merciful

any is on
Gurdeo
or

for he shows

the way

the

and

one

Gurii

should

Paradise.

(or spiritual
guide).

be

to Govind

saluted
;

he

Govind

before

lightsthe

Sadh's

or

God

torch

self,
him-

with

an

light.
inextinguishable
*

Sadh.

Family

life is

spoken

of with

the utmost

contempt,

as

being unworthy of the

true

He

who

elixir for water.

He

into hell.

God's

The

From

Gurii

the

anger

Guru's

the

of love

clouds

as

will be born

is greater than

ocean

the

Guru

the

regards

God,

have

mere

time

dog

there

is

for

God's

is

man

after

who

one

time.

from

refuge;

as

takes

the

will

fall

He

the Guru's

none.

works

the wrong
side of
are
on
to the opposite shore.
By his favour

passed

(prem) discharge their water,

suffuse

and

the

whole

man.

The

third

is

ang

the

on

Jatti

(or

one

who

passions).
Be a helper of others,desireless,yielding not
six vices,looking on
the same,
as
pain and ease
drink,

firm

has

to

his

conquered

resistingthe

anger,

regardless of

food

and

persistentin worship, trusting in God (Bhagwari) and no


and giving honour
other, calm, careful,and content, showing friendliness,
to all,being no
respecter of persons.
an

and

He

who

does

one,

and

remain

The

fourth

Be

full of

true

is

the Sati

on

steady,

shall

so

is not

Knowledge
has

one

Seek

always happy (prapMlat).

(or pure and


serenity,knowledge, modesty,
and

parpMlaf).

will be

such

out

at his feet.

ang

piety, wakeful
and

thus

for

regard

truthful
and

one).

persistency;

flag of

be

happy and joyous (modit


gives
(het}for all; the pure
(parsw"rthi},and respect (ddar bkao)
you

love

pride, it

others

for them.
The

fifth ang is on Parmodh


(or teaching).
the mind
seek
instruction
(parmodh} and

Let
Control

it,and

But

in

learn

may

others,and

robbed

(updes).

of thee.

path,
by
world, the mind uninstructed,thou
of births ; then
in the eighty-four lakhs
thou
mayst teach
thyself fall in the dust,talkinglike a pundit,but unimpressed

involved

art

the world

false

exhortation

the

within.
sixth

The

ang is
not where

Follow
back
"

as

force it

mind

would
No

one

lead

thee, restrain

carried

by

away

reach

is narrow,
furtive
and
the mind
restrain it and
the five passions.

back,

all combined
in

the shore

Aided

by

You

who

repented ?
eat

The

against
frail

boat

the five virtues

attention

fix your

and

road

true

enemies

you

thy

it and

mind

bring

can

it

become

Sadh."
The

"

(or the mind).

Man

the thread.

weaver

on

were

If you

on

One

the
as

soul

paper

alone.
on

stream

calm, content,

"

They

With

mercy,

fickle

punish it,

are

five

them,

how

like the

powerful
can

Ganges

you
?

truth
long-suffering,

alone.

doing well, why have you stopped? why have you


sow
thorns, will
poison,you will reap it. If you sow

rich fruit ?
mind

is

as

deer

which

wanders

into others

fields.

It takes

all

it is

shapes ;
king and

fat,it

pauper

leau, it

is

sometimes

is

water, it

it mounts

is

to

fire,generous
heaveu, sometimes

to

pleaseits

and

covetous,

sinks

down

to hell.

mind

The

is full of vice

forgetful.It is

it seeks

wild

taste ; it is

and

careless,

it is
elephant wandering deep
doubly, triply,
quadruply bound by the chain of love.
If the mind
is conquered all is conquered.
It is a thief; it steals all
wealth ; it watches, it evades
It feignshonesty ; it leads away
the
me.
is
off
it
is
rider.
It
horse
as
a
a
body;
carrying
covetous, lazy,trifling.
Like charcoal,the more
wash
it
the
blacker
it
is.
After days of talk
you
the mind
remains
uufreed, it takes no heed, it is still as on the first day.
Consult

so

mind

under

shall you save


your
Guru
is the
The
Washed

soap.
The

is

surrounded
Useless

it.

by

as

Fly

Krodh
like
the

to

when

the devotee,he
spirit(dlri),
Abuse

three

its contentions

the

dirt

fierce fire ; the

to
(Itkatpat)

cease,
the

out.

comes

world

neighbourhood

cool

stolen
alone

is

of

wooden

Sadhs

and

clever contrivances.

are

house

escape.
The poor

escapes.

smoke.

the

spark,rage the flame, scorn


wilt gain God.

thou

it approves,

(or anger).

is the

and

what

disciplethe cloth,the Deity

washing-stone,endless

hoards

misers'

Sadb,

mushriff},accept

make

washerman,

ang is on
all sides

on

(man

soul.

the

on

seventh

Anger

in

conscience

your

the

place

far, unless

Restrain

these

(or long-suffering).
eighth ang is on Kskma
Practise
can
injure thee.
long-sufferingand kill anger, then none
he
bore
for
kick
Was
Vishnu
the worse
so
Bhrigu's
(which
patiently)?
of time ; where
troubles
the
Where
exists
there
are
long-suffering
anger
The

is,there
The

is the Lord

Chit kapati(or hypocrisy).


ang is on
aloof from hypocrisy,which
is as the pomegranate

ninth

Keep

red exterior
off when

with

tenth

Consider

those

Hypocrisy
than

the

murderous

three

or

he

face is

bear

bend

four

of

"

the

caste,

even

field

in it and

cleverness,but
and

Sadh

though
he

as

panther, the

he

runs

the
thief,

mischievous).

ahari (or flesh-eating).


ang is on Mans
flesh-eaters demons
(rdkas). Associate not

the lowest

its

thoughts

is there in

rosaries

with

The

sown

game-killer bend

the
much

good

evil
sin.

of seed be

the merit

indeed

doth

have

who

worldling. What

heart, though
Thus
worship ?
These

has

bud,

their fruit falls

friendships;

many

Avoid

friendship on the
yield nothing, though mounds

the deer.

(allthree

not

blows.

his
in

bend

murder

The

are

in

Seek

with

of rain fall.

deceit

humbly

wind

backbite

hypocrite is worse

the

bow

adverse
to

heart.

white

hypocrisy will

torrents

to

and

an

of others
of

himself.

beneath

wine-drinkers.

Flesh

with
and

them

they

fish eaters,
i

wine, will go to hell. No trace shall remaiu of


of thieves,gamblers, and
those who
waste
wealth
on
such, nor
women.
All flesh-eatingis equally bad ; there is no distinction between
fish,deer,
It is dog's food, not man's ; they who
and kine.
eat it shall be cast into
All the four castes and
hell.
Brahmins
thirty-sixclasses thus offend.
and
Sinners
sit worshipping,and
then
eat meat
die,calling on Ram.
as

well

as

those

flesh and

eat

who

love

drink

chumar's

They mark out


they cook bones

wine.

and

then

touch,
dragged by the hair.
kills shall be killed.
Though he
and
sacrifice
he
himself
though
go
they

shall be

When

the

was

Kazi

place to

in

their

in

bestow

authorised

by

his heart

sore

pot.

it

Merciful

to

court

not, he who

or

thousands

gifts

avoid

God's

hell for him

Benares,
the

in, they
To

he believes

Whether

at

eat

is

of

cows,

sure.

destroy

tokens

of

Himself?
"

The

cannot

Kazi's

approve

is dead

son

; is not

That

Lord

of all ; He

is Father

slaughter."
Kabir

"

Kazi

Urmen
Wa

"

The

sail

pir

sab

ka

na

But

says

Kahe

any

is

khun

"Saith

Binti

on

Kabir,

Guide,

Give

instructors."

baron

tumari

kiya
gardan

updes diya

"

(or prayer).

I pray

full of

with

folded

I pray,

hands,

kindness, hear

the

to

peace

it

sujhe ahmak,

na

Jin tumko

eleventh

deed,

own

did

thy neck,

on

hamare

to

his

thine

were

Apna kiya
Yih

it not

is

"

bir

ancestors

my

this blood

Whoever

mu

pit*

mane

fool thinks

He

"

ka beta

Sahib
Bhala

The

me

holy,

Mercy, meekness, knowledge."


"

Kabir

binwat

Sun

Gur

Santon

hun

kar

jorke

kirpa nidhdn
sukh

men

dijiye

Ddya gharibigyan."

Hear, 0 saints,for thus I


0 Lord, restrain the demon
For
"

Thee

Thine

Lord,
?

with

I have

pray
of death
"

(Jdm), who

own

honour, protect those

what

face shall I pray

done

evil in

who

feel

seek

shame.

Thy sight."
"

Sain

Laj
Tuj

mukh

kya
awat

dekliai

Kaisa

le binti karun

hai mohi
augun

bhaiin

kiya
tohi."

Thy

oppresses

slaves.

Thy refuge.
How

can

be

pleasingto

(
I

"

evil,I

am

then

Even

evil,and Thou,

am

I forsake

though

mujh

Kabir

"

Tujh

gun

Tu

not ; for

me

art

good.
Thou

augun

tujh gun,

augun

mujh

mujh."

of thousands

though tens

forsake me."

tujh kun,

bisre

mat

Thou

Thee, do not

bisrun

Jo main

Forsake

G7

be met

with, Thou

art

to Thee nothing. Why


should I sepaall,though I am
rate
and be destroyed? Where
Thee
I take refuge?
from
can
Shib,
and
all
the
Munis
sufficient
not
for me.
Think
Bishis,are
Brahm, the
lord
should
be
merciful
his
and
not evil,then, againstThy servants
a
;
to

more

servants

than

me

loving.

from
not
greatlysinned,and I cease
sinning. Thou canst spare me or
kind to the meek, forgivemy
(bdpfi),
destroy me ; but, O Father
transgressions.
Though a son be undutiful, yet a father (pita)feels shame for him."

I have

"

"

Kabir

banda

kiya

har

man!

na

Bhawe

bahu

kiya to

augun

Kart

bakshiye

gardan mar.
Kabir augun
bapji
mere,
Bakas gharlbnawaj
Bhawe

Jo

put kaput hun

men

pitako laj."

Tohi
is full of

God

"

good

evil,but if I search

from

free

and

my

heart I find it all

evil."
"

Sain kere bahut

Kabir

Augun
Je

dil

khojun apna
mujh

To sab augun

I
"

false ; God

am

I have

birth,vicious

my

I escape

to
"

the

refugeof

Kabir

main

Turn

Data

Sain

"

name.

Other
Hear

arm

love
me,

lest thou

is like

from

top

bhara

dukh

saran

Kabir

aur

Tuin
Mohi

the Giver,

ka

banjna

in this

is like

prltto kup

ho samad

tek

art

ubar."

sea.

0 merciful 1"
"

Thou

bikar

be swept away

well,but Thine

to toe.

God."

apradhljanam

Nakb, sakh

Seize His

mahl"

is true.

been sinful from

the Deliverer ; may

gun

koi nahin

tujh nam

hai

saman

ki

Suniyo kirpanidlian."

ocean.

To

me

is the support of

Thy

(
A
God

ago my
Destroy doubt

!
"

Beloved

moment

is careful of me,

God

though

"

am

Kabir

control.

under

been

Beloved

one

accepted

an

God

has

bach

increase.
a

seam,

on

joined

may

I find

when

welfare,from

my

"

Kabir

knowest

shall sink

the

ashamed, daily shall

by

the

which

furnace
of

comes

jo Sain

dukh

akhun

his

becomes

Thee,

to whom

dence
confi-

piece

one

be

united

tirely
en-

twelfth
Sadh
The

with,

nor

God,

and

out

grief. With
He

my

Sadh

jo

kahna

the sandal-wood

regardingmy
to

Him."

ki sab kahun

ant

antar

ocean

ki bat."

supportestthe
of sense, but

soul.

by Thy

of true
retains

mercy

Thee

Without
and

passion
com-

shore.

amongst
Sacks

desire,without

trees,like the pearl

full of rubies

are

not

Sadhs.
its coolness

though
unholy.

covered

with

snakes,

holy though millions are


God, sport and jestingare unlawful.
Illusion,
As the lion shuns the dead carcase, so
they avoid.
temples, and women
carrion ; as the lotus on the river,so the Sadh
the Sadh, the spiritual
in
the world ; as the moonlightshines in the water, but is not of it,so the

the Sadh
To

Sadh

remains

head

hoi.

is rare, like the sandal


lion among
beasts.

bands

heart

my

roi

like the
are

asks

mile

ang is on the S"dk (or monk).


is one
God-loving,without vice, without

true

ocean,

all my

liparsir dhanin

to the other

cross

tell Him
I meet

abke

heart, Thou

in the fathomless

I shall

As

He

Sain to milenge
Puchenge kusldt

Ur

met

are

burden.

the

I have

feeble.

Kabir

Adi

in the

body

my

approval of

be

I will

Kahun

foes.

in the

steps

I will tell all,I will pour

Sab

The

has

love,nor

nor

fallen under

When

Charnon

The

bhaje

powerful, my

iron

tale.

end

beginningto

"

Thou

Har

confidence

never

God, weeping

feet I will tell Him

His

achet

na

my

have

mind,

my

mind,

in

Thee.

with

"Now,

so

neglectedHim

phal khet."

can

to

I have

reliance

art

shall

confidence
Iron

karani
nir

then
Thou

condition,and

evil

bhaya

neither

How

continue?

given

without

been

has

sin,0

my

away

sawdhan

mera

hiin

Taten

mind

Take

fruitless field."

Sain

Man

my

heedless

am

Main

In

far off.

(Pir)was

perplexity.

therefore

deed, and

and

mouth,

and

68

him

who

amongst

knows

men.

(
About

six years
of the British

ago,

during

70

the

excitement

between

Government

the

caused

by

the

interposition
and his Thiikurs,an
a
Saraogi temple at

Chief

possessionof
and
somewhat
weak
made;
and, as the Saraogis were
Rajgarh was
had not
the Political
depressed,it would probably have been successful,
Thakurs
insisted
the
Vishnawis
on
Agent and leading
leavingthe temple.
Since then the Saraogis have held their heads
higher than formerly,but
However, there is,no doubt, a strong feeling
they are quite inoffensive.
between
of animosity in Ulwur
Saraogis and Hindus
stronger, it is said,
Hindu
and Musalman, or between
Shiah
than that which exists between
and Sonnee, or Vishniiite and Shivite.
of Ulwur
The
Meos ; but, as
are
great majority of the Musalmans
remarked
in
their
habits half
already
(see Meos), they are
In their villagesthey seldom
Hindu.
thus
have
mosques,
but
in Tijara,out of fifty-twoMeo
villages,
only eight have mosques,
the
of
almost always they have
same
places
worship, temples excepted,as
"
"
Pdnch
Pira"
their Hindu
a
a
neighbours possess
namely,
Bhaiya"
"
The
Panch
"Ckakund."
and
Pira," found everywhere in Mewat,
a
and
Meo
Hindu
the five
to
in both
villages,is a spot consecrated
whom
the
Hindus
to
Musalman
chief
are
saints,
perhaps attracted,
attempt by

fanatic

Vishnu

to

take

"

"

"

"

tallies with

their number

because

the

"

Pdnch

Than"

or

deities of their

worship. The Pdnch Pira placeis marked


by a stone set up near a
of
The Bhaiya consists
a
tank.
platform,with stones placed on it so as
It is also called the Bhomia, and
is sacred to the
to protect a lamp.
Khera
or
Deo, a similar
guardian spiritof the locality. The Chahund
platform,is devoted to Maha Devf,at whose shrine bloody sacrifices are made.
saint is Salar Masaud, who was, it appears,
the
Their great Musalman
Mahmiid
Ghaznf
of Sultan
chief generals. His
tomb
of one
at
s
son
here they remain
Bahraich, in Oudh, is the Meo's grand shrine ; and even
of
with Hindus, some
castes
which
look upon
connected
this tomb
as
A biography of the saint,called " Mirattheir chief objectof reverence.*
from it are to be found translated
i-Masaiid,"is extant, and copious extracts
"
Musalman
vol. ii. p. 513.
in Elliot's
The banner, or
Historians,"
own

"

Saldr"

and

the

worshippedin every Meo villageat the Shab-i-rat ;


to it pertainsto the
making or of sharingin the offerings
is

of Masaud

rightof

of the

villageproprietors. It has, however, rivals in


the flagof Madar
Sahib, a saint of Makanpur, near Allygarh, and that of
from
Sahib
the Khwaja
Ajmir, which go round to certain villagesto
The Saldr flag often has a figure upon it,but the others
collect money.
A
have
strictlyof the religiouscolour.
boundary
not, and are more
w
ith
the
of
often
both
consent
Meo
is
settled,
parties,by a
dispute
taking
in his opinion should be the
Saldr in his hand and walking along what
a
low-caste

border

servants

line.

Vide

Hindoo
Sherriug's

Tribes, p.

300.

71

The

of one
other
and Bahadarpur, and
two
or
Saiyads of Khairthal
the
Musalman
of
the
and
other
villages,
Mandawar,
Khanzadas,
Rajputs
in the service of the State, and
Musalmans
few Khanzada
a
proprietors,
form
the respectableMusalman
population. The old buildings in the
neighbourhood of Tijara,Ulwur, and elsewhere,testifyto the wealth of
Musalmans
when
Pathans, Khanzadas, or Mughals ruled the country,
and when
Miillas of great note resided at Ulwur
(seepage 11) ; but there
considerable
Musalman
are
no
buildings of recent construction,nor any
and
teachers
of note, though often an
itinerant preacher comes
stays
he
of
while to preach and make
and
sometimes
is
a
a
a
some
man
purse,
Once
ful.
distastenote.
teacher came,
but his doctrine was
latelya Wahabi
He
The
much
offence,and met with no encouragement.
gave
Sheeahs
in
the
in
small
but
are
a very
minority,
they possess one mosque
city,where there are twelve altogether. They get on well enough with
the Soonees, and the two sects often intermarry.
Fairs are, I believe,always held ostensiblyfor some
religiouspurpose,
when
established
British
it
is
unby
authority,so
except
Fairs and
of
the
the
and
to
separation
religious
attempt
necessary
commercial.
The followingare the principal:
festivals
City of Ulwur, the Ganger, and the Sawan tij,well-known
in honour
to
of Mahadevi, held in March
and August.
One
Jaganath in Asarh (July);one to Sahibji(God?), a shrine near
the city,on the Tijararoad.
Chuhar
of the
eight miles north-west
Sidh, in the Dehra
pargana,
city,on the Shiv Ratri festival in February. It is held in
honour
of a Meo
saint (seebelow).
in
Bilalf, Bansur, on the Jaipur border,in Chait and Baisakh (March
and April)xin honour
of Sitla Devi (the smallpox deity).
Rajgarh, Jaganath's festival in Asarh (July).
Silleserh.
The lake eight miles from Ulwur, in Baisakh
(March), in
"

honour

Kundalka,
Bhadon

of Sitla Devi.
of

Ghazf, in honour
(March and August).

in Thana

Ghasaoli, in Kishengarh,in

honour

of

BhartaH,

in

Baisakh

Sahibji(God ?), in

(August).
Palpur, in Kishengarh, Mali, Baisdkh, Jeth

and

Bhadon

(December, March,

June), in honour of Sitla.


of Chait
and
Asoj (March and
Dahmf, in Bahror, in months
October),in honour of Devi.
of Devi.
At Macherf, in Rajgarh,during Chait (March), in honour
in
in
of
honour
Barwa
Narayanf,
dungri, Baldeogarh, Thana Ghazi,
Baisakh.
during
Sherpur,in Ramgarh, in Asoj, Asarh, and Magh, in honour of Lai
Das, regardingwhose shrines see pp. 153, 154, 157; regarding
Charau

Dasf's

shrines

see

p. 60.

(
above, the

Of the
BilaH

Chuhar

and

of the two

important

most

Sidh.

72

the Ulwur

are

It is said that

80,000

aud
fairs,

persons

assemble

those

at

at each

latter.

Jaipur border,and attracts probably more


people from
Sidh is in the heart of
Jaipur than from Ulwur territory. But Chuhar
the State,in a range of hills west of the city,and has some
specialinterest
It is attended
as
chieflyby Meos ; and
being the chief fair of Mewat.
of the offerings,
the vast, though not very lively,
the presentation
crowd, the
and the beggars, are
curious sight. So necessary
is attendance
a
trafficking,
few
of
at it considered,that many
a
villagesown
yards
encampinghillside
which
the
the
is
situated
on
near
shrine,
high
ground
up
among
in the rains acquiresa
beside a stream which, usuallyonly a rill,
the hills,
considerable volume, and is regarded with much
veneration by the Meos.
of a Meo by a Nai woman,
Chuhar
Sidh is said to have been the son
flourished
in the reign of Aurangzeb.
and
have
He
born
to
at
was
left
home
who
through fear of the tax collectors,
villageDhaneta, and
obtain
He
to
his
ing
watchrevenue.
torturingpeople
were
gained
livingby
cornfields and grazing cattle in villagesnear
the city of Ulwur, and
is

BilaH

on

of working miracles from the Musalmau


the power
he
Madar,
accidentallymet.
Eventually he took up his
the site of the present shrine.
Unlike
Lai Das, he does not

is said to have

seem

any

to

received

whom

saint,Shah
residence

the

on

been

have

of those
In 1875

sacred
a

teacher

to

curious
become

of

Lai

but

his shrine

attracts

more

pilgrims than

Das.

example

occurred

established.

of the mode

The

Tahsildar

in which

places

new

of

pilgrimage
Ramgarh,
very
relates that at villageJahanpur, after the commencement
intelligent
man,
of the rains,water began to flow from underground into a tank which had
declared
before been dry. The Hindus
it was
the subterranean
Ganges,
and the Meos
that it was
the Chuhar
Sidh.
The
water
was
pronounced
and in a very few days people flocked to bathe
to have
healing properties,
in
in it.
house
the town of Ramgarh, about eight miles off,
From
every
sons
pernot only from the neighbourwent
to the holy spot ; and" people came
hood,
but from Narnol, Gurgaon, Bhartpur, and even
Hatras and Aligarh.
after the discovery of the
On
July the 18th, that is,not a mouth
of men
wonder, the Tahsildar visited the spot. He found " thousands
Many of the
going and hundreds returning from the so-called Ganges."
visitors left after bathing and
securing a store of the precious water to
with
Tahsildar found more
than
them
but
the
10,000 present
;
carry away
with

200

carts

besides
(bailis),

horses

and

camels.

The

bathers

in

the

about half an
in extent, were
diseased
blind and
acre
tank, which was
"
and
and
firm in their belief that
so
chiefly,
they were
strong
persons
in
take
the
other
the
to
fell
a
on
one
dip
fountain,as if they would
they
said to be especially
surelysucceed in their longings." The blind were
than one
who declared he
benefited ; and the Tahsildar interrogatedmore
had derived great advantage from the water

73

EDUCATION.
The

late Maharao

instituted

established
contain
been

2200

school

Rajd Sheodan

cess

of

villageand

one

per cent,

Bat

the land

on

schools,which

Tahsilf

students.

deserves

Singh

in

the

credit

revenue,
1870

A.D.

of

and

of

having
having
said to

were

this cess, after all educational expenses


had
annual
of
Rs.
Raja an
profit
5500, and

defrayed,yieldedthe Maharao

the schools
On

were

much

neglected.

the establishment

of Administration

Council

of the

in

A.D.

1870,

and efforts made


to infuse
department was
reorganised,
much
needed
it.
which
schools,
established by the late Maharao
The Ulwur
High School was
Raja
It was
Banni
formerly located in the cenotaphof
Singh in A.D. 1842.
Bakhtawar
whence
it was
Maharao
removed
in November
1873
Singh,
Raja
suitable building erected for it just outside the principal
to a fine and
gate of the city. The number of boys belongingto it was 310 in December
1875.
No boys from it have as yet passed the Universityentrance
nation,
examibut it is progressing
satisfactorily.
established for the sons
In January 1871 the Thakurs'
school was
of
Thakurs
and other native gentlemen.
There are
86 boys in it,and a
to
boarding-house is attached,wherein 20 boys are lodged. Admission
Council
the
of
Administration.
There
the Thakurs' school is regulated
by
of which
those of Tijara and
11 Tahsili schools,in two
are
Rajgarh
English is taught. In the Tahsili schools it is proposed to place small
84.
The villageschools number
libraries.
school for villageschoolmasters
has been established,
A small normal
and three standards of proficiency
arranged. But little has been as yet
done by the normal
school.
in three grades,and receive from Rs. 5 to
schoolmasters
The village
are
Rs. 15.
of the
Surveying with the plane table is to be taught in some
approximateobjectaimed at is gradually
villageschools,and the practical
the

educational

life into the

"

placethe

to

There
In

are

1874

school,from
fund.
1875

The
there

"

of the Patwarrees.
cultivators less at the mercy
but
of
condition little is known.
their
some
schools,
girls'
fees

for the

were

parents did

boys whose
effect
were

was

first time

to reduce

per cent, of the number


The expenditureon

on

to the

the

to the

But

largely.
schools,which

the rolls before fees

education

contributed

contribute

not

the students

boys belonging

3124

levied in all but the Thakurs'

for 1874-75

is within

ten

taken.

were
was

per cent,
the
end of
at
one

Rs.

34,292, of which

fund.

one
by
19,240 was
per
the first
"maktabs"
schools
called
chatsals
and
Indigenous
exist. There are in the city20 chatsdls and 11
Hindi, the last Persian
maktabs,with an average attendance of 18 and 11 respectively.
table and first two rules
Chatsals mostly only teach the multiplication
A few teach the first four rules and singlerule of three,
of arithmetic.

Rs.

"

cent.

"

"

"

but

books.

use

none

pieces of

"

on

pattas,"

or

boards.

In maktabs

the Bostciu

primers (inchas),the Karima,

Persian

also

taught ;

writing is taught

and

Reading

Persian

elementary

and

Suheli

Anwari

and

grammar

read, but

are

no

Gulistau

and

are

letter- writing,and

in

arithmetic

taught.

at all is

some

LITERATURE.
Of
and

the number

late years

there

books

Dehli.

None

the total number

that

find

place

I have

than

readily apparent, although


Thus

the introduction

of

Purau

Pundit

to

that

young
in
the
tenets
training
urges

"

in theirs

the book

and

Setting aside the


shops are romances
of
this class),accounts
books
tra"
astrological

the

"

The

Thousand

of the bdnis
mentioned

and

inclination

nor

for

me

Ulwur
from

reveal

voluminous

authorship,
Hindus

but

should

of their

progress.

abstract

the

in

Hindi

Ulwur
by an
gent
early intelli-

same

Christians

young

obtain

ing.
intended
aid to that trainan
as
question was
elementary educational books, those most sold at
in which
is a type of
Rajas figure (" Hordhaj
"
Pahldd
Chariwonder-working devotees like the
"

like the

"

ki Katha"

Sanichar

I do not

know

Those

families

alluded

some

of any

have

printed copies

I have
poems
old
diaries
preserved

(pages11, 130)

to

like
religious

and

of the local

who

have

not

ment
induce-

to

"

his

to

is

in

"

Chief.

action

readily. Perhaps

recommended

religionwhich

European

British

to

easy

receive

ago.

greater effect than

but

print their books.


Kanji Mai, inspector of schools,was
list
perhaps not quite complete

within
the

as

sell

of

always directly favourable

not

(page 15, note).

Munshi

would

six years

was

directlydue

gutkas already spoken of, nor


such

it

little trace

of them

none

of Vishnu."

Names

note-books

and

shows

books

made

rather

of Ulwur

not

"

few

very

bookstalls,but

the

fuller examination

sold is greater than


literature

popular

influence.
in

are

of books

the

Apparently
educational

shops where books are sold has increased,


cityof Ulwur.
They obtain their suppliesof
discover
exclusivelybookshops, and I cannot

five in the

now

are

from

of

recollection.

They

are

printedor lithographed;
popular.

Most

nineteen
the rest

in
are

kind
of the

written

were

number, but
in manuscript.

enough

to

compile

works

produced at
in hopes of reward
only four have been
None

can

be called

The
are
printed ones
(1.)The Gal Prakash, a treatise on plane and sphericaltrigonometry,by Nildmbar
Ojha, one of the chief Jotishis of the State. Printed at Benares.
Bakht
in praise of M. R. Sheodan
Bilas,a poem
Singh, by a Raj
(2.)The Sheodan
Brahmin.
Lithographed at the Raj Press.
(3.) Sharh Dasatir, a translation of a Parsee sacred book, by Mulvi Najaf All, formerly
"

in the

Ulwur

service.

(4.)Risdla Shatranj, a

treatise

on

chess, by Hakim

the manuscript poems,


there
Among
Singh and Balwant
Singh'scontest, and

is
a

one

third

on
on

Surtdn

the

Singh,

of the

battle of Alaonda,

the
"

Rdm

dal"

of

1870.

Raj service.
one

on

Banni

(
The

popular

the

of

fifty-seven

own

of

writing

of

friend)

and
of

Brind

metre)

three

on

of

were

consisted

Thakur,

although

language

any

but

or

Western

dialect,
Cadell

Major
books

which

of

such
to

natives

to

books

in

the

matter

poet's

showing

every

sexual

(the

more

(the

Rdj"

Ras

pecially),
es-

chief

emotion).

of

the

as

poems,

Raj

Pirthwi

benevolent

Sujan

Rdsa,

besides,

dialect

in

and,
those

three

years
was

female

education.

Ulwur,
elsewhere.

and

as

Kaiwdt

two

one

ago,

of

the

was

There
the

all

exceptions

in

were

Prem
all

Sdgar,

exceptions,

of

Raja

tarowar).

Prem

two

singing,
(Hir

Rdmayan,

and

with

of

(tarak
the

treasury

on

Kkiydl

daughter

jest-book

and

Marwar

circulation

Ranja
Hir,

two

ko

mins
Brah-

(the

Kos

(phut-kdr),

such

the

Guldb

as

won

and

distressed

Rajas,
"

Hir

Fakir,

prevalent

in

were

respectable

play

discovered,

correct

(the

Blind,

as

women,

selections

dictionaries

poetic

Eastern

and

Priya"

of

"

called

exceptions,

two

Kabi

passions

encyclopaedias,

works

the

even

ornamental

verses

jewel

about

as

The

"

Bhartpur).

riddle-book,

With

verse,

Pingal

who,

of

and

of

epic

or

or

(gydri),

700

(the

romances

standard

"c.

Sdgar,

attention

idea

good

class.

miscellaneous

Hazara,
Siyal),

verse.

emotions

of

dictionaries
three

few

the

Mai

Suraj

wisdom

Jhang

sale

the
of

art

the

(the

ratan"

four

were

of

this

biographical

Gulab),

Raja

or

give

description

for

knowledge

on

characteristics

"Ras

of

(acts

in

will

obtained

Sanscrit

no

were

of

on

the

on

were

There

sat

were

emotions),

Ckaritr

of

no

had

sai"

types

are

books

Seven

two

which

had

kinds

various

"

and
the

books

these

the

Eleven

of

It

himself,

poet

one

books.

Thakur

literary

of

vernacular.

Seventeen

kind

The

Hindi

of

library

the

taste.

of

something
his

of

contents

of

75

the

were

in

were

Dingal

Ajmfr.
that
the

Steps

representations

multitude

the

of

causes

the

taken

were

were

made

of

obscene

dislike
to

repress
which

among
the
drew

CHAPTER

IV.

MUNICIPALITIES.

WITHIN

the

towns

of

partly

non-official.
dues

The

the

report

octroi

rates

below

is shown

annual
on

the
in

the

The

directions;

native

imported

of

is testified

as

iron
from

but

the

three

which

merly
for-

was

The

municipalities.
before

year

the

partly official,

are

house-tax,

in

its

ment
commence-

end.
and

1874-75

the

trade

of

the

three

"

manufacture

State,
all

each

the

at

for

revenue

TKADE

"

of

budget
done

work

and

for

same

members

than

popular
the

are

The

Tijara.

more

rates

the

examines

The
towns

found

are

levied.

and

and

established

been

have

municipalities

years

Rajgarh,

Ulwur,

Octroi

Council

four

last

iron

by
it

having

Europe."

MANUFACTURES.

AND

the

has
been

was

large
fallen

in

former

hillocks
off

greatly

times
of

greatly
lessened

slag
of

which

late

by

the

industry

great

years,

be

to

are

the

large

in

found

value

of

quantities

78

Cotton

goes in large quantitiesto Ffrozpur, a considerable


in the Gurgaon district,
the British border.
near

town

railroad is not much

The

present, but

aiid

railway; Ramgarh
does

There

interest.

used

and

Ulwur

and

Rajgarh on

of
appear to be much
scope for the investment
TJlwur ; but it is possible that the railway may

considerable

trade in stone

capital

develop

quarriesnear it.
Interest is at varying rates ; that paid by agriculturists
lieve,
being, I bethe highest. Baniyas usuallyadd |-anna
in the rupee when
lending
that
loans
issued
three
that
at
cent,
are
more
is,
premium.
;
money
per
In repayment, if in kind, ^ anna
in the rupee
is uncounted.
Thus,
of
for a loan
Rs. 8, the borrower
would
be charged Rs. 8-4, but Rs. 8-4
still
when
would
leave
due.
The rate of interest
actuallypaid
4" annas
four per cent, a month, without compound interest,
is sometimes
sometimes
in the rupee
2 annas
is taken as six months'
after which compound
interest,
interest is charged. There is,however, a rule,binding on the Ulwur
exceed the principal,
aud
Courts, that the interest of a debt should never
decrees

made

are

from

at

by railway.

import
export
Lachmangarh off the railway.
are

Ulwur

not

in

Capitaland

from

of cotton
for conveyance
rice,salt,and piecegoods all come

principalplaces of

The
the

the sugar,

market-

the

accordingly.
COMMUNICATIONS.

On
from

the 14th
Dehli

to

September 1874, the section of the Rajputana Railroad


Ulwur
was
following,
opened ; and on the 6th December

from north to
The line runs
through to Bandikui.
the
State
almost
exactly in half.
dividing
through Ulwur territory,
the
There
within the State six stations,which, beginning from
are
north, are as follows : Ajerika,Khairthal,Barwara, Ulwur, Mala Khera,
Rajgarh. Two considerable bridges have been built on the line,one about
four miles north, and the other a little further south of Ulwur.
The railwaywas
constructed under the direction of Major Stanton,R.E.,
SuperintendingEngineer; and Mr. Buyers, C.E., Executive Engineer.
Political Agent, did much
towards
improving
Captain Impey, when
proved,
made
roads
communications.
The most
or
were
greatly imnecessary
and arrangements made
for rendering the border passes safe.
The followingis a list of the passes and
guards. Most of the latter
established by Captain Impey and the Council :
Border passes, were
trains

from

ran

Dehli

south

"

"

PASS.

GUARD.

(1) Gflot (Mandan), a


and

dawar

(2)Belni
(3)

Giiti
and

at foot

Putli

f
I On

cart-road to

of hills

(Bahror),a
Kot

Man-

Mandan

(Mandan),a

ground

between
cart-road
cai

cart-road

Sepoys

Jamadars
Jamac

*\

R.. 7
Rs.

On

month.

RS.

month

in broken
villages
5
.

between

...

...

Bahror
1

each.

'79

PASS.

Patiala

and
and

cart-road between

(Bahror),a

(4) Nalota

Nim

GUAED.

Bahror

On

J
.

and

Jamadars

Patan

to

Thana

ka

a cart-road
(Bahror),

(5)Banhar

Bahror

continued
territory,

Rs.

Sepoys

month.

onRs.

month,

6
...

between

Ndrnol

Sowers

of Barod

cart-road

(6) Mahrajwas (Bahror),a


Bahror

and

tween
be-

Narnol

(7)

(Bahror), a

Nibhor

Bahror

(8)

and

horses.

without

cart-road

tween
be-

Narnol

Sanoli

Bahror
(Bahror),bridle-pathbetween
and Shahjahanpur
ka Johar
Gatoka
(9)
(Bansur), near
Baragaom,
cart-road between
Narainpur and Pragpiira,
Jaipur,much used at time of Bilali Fair

....

bridle-road
(10) Ratanpura (Bdnsiir),

rainpurand

between

10
Under

Thakur

Baragaom,

of
and

supplied by him.

Na-

Pragpura

Men

furnished
Thakur

by

of

Baragaom.

(11) Kirana
and

(12)

(Bansur),cart-road
Pragpura

Bansur

and

Jaipur road

(13) Deo

ka

Bansur

and

13

(Bansur),

Narainpur.

cart-road

It is

(Bansur),a
Kot

on

between
the

Dera

Narainpur

....

Piao

ki

Mot!

between

cart-road

Sowers

Dehli
,

between

Putli

;
.

(Thana Ghazi),near Bijjipura.


Difficult bridle-path over
hills, between
Maluthana, Ulwur, and Panclmdala, Jaipur
(Thana Ghazi), cart-road between
(15) Bandrol
Thana
Ghazi and Bairat of Jaipur
(16) Garh Basai (Thdna Ghazi),cart-road between

(14) Barwali

Ghatti

11

Thana

Ghazi

and

Bairat

of

Jaipur

11
.

(17) Suratgarh (Thana Ghazf),footpath between


Thana

Ghazi

passableto
(18)

KarrAtha

and

Partapgarh,with

difficulty

horses

5
....

between
(Thana Ghazi), bridle-path

Ghazi

and

Partapgarh
ki
Mori
Ghatta
tween
(Partapgarh),cart-road be(19)
Partapgarhand Ajabgarh
Kot
between
(Ajabgarh), cart-road
(20) Ada
Ajabgarh and Baldeogarh
(21) Gola ka Bas (Ajabgarh),near Bhangarh, cartroad between Ajabgarh and Sainthal in Jaipur
Thana

(2

mounted),
Sepoys.

80'

PASS.

GUARD.

(22) Gdtira (Rdjgarh),cart-road between Thdna ^


Tahla and Gudha, in Jaipur; Rera, on the ""
J
border, a very bad Jaipurvillage
and
c
art-road
between
Got
(Rdjgarh),
Rdjgarh
(23)
Baswa,

(24) Chhind

in

Mdcheri

not

On

R".

4 a

month,

8
...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

garh
Rdj.

bridle-pathbe(Rdjgarh),
4
.

between
.

Rajgarh
.

guards occasionallyrecover

now

Sepoys

month.

Mdcheri

These

cart-road
(Rdjgarh),
Lachmangarh

and

Ghatta

Rdjgarh and
(26) Adoka

Reni
.

(25)

RS.

Jaipur

between
(Rdjgarh),bridle-path
and

Jamadars
on

stolen

cattle,but

duties

their

are

onerous.

much
neglected,
departure of Captain Impey, the roads were
in
establishment
of
the
hand
the
were
on
vigorously
Council
of Administration
in 1870.
Major Cadell devised a complete
system of railway feeders,and in the beginning of 1876 their condition
After

the

taken

but

was

Road

follows

as

"

(1) Ulwur to Bhartpore boundary, vid Behdla and Baroda, twenty-threemiles.


completelyfinished and metalled,and works carried out in excellent style.
will be
to Gurgdon district,
vid Rdmgarh and
(2) Ulwur
Nogaon. Earthwork

finished before
Ulwur

rains.

(3)
Kishengarh. Earthwork
completed.
(4) Khairthal,vid Kishengarh to Tijdra,about four miles
remainder
kankar
collected.
completed,arid most of the
to

"

"

metalled.
The

road

Earthwork
may

on

be finished

before the rains.

one

will be finished before rains ;


(5) Tijdra,towards Firozpur Jhirka. Earthwork
bridgebuilt.
to stone
quarries.
(6) Lachmangarh, vid Mojpur to Mdla Khera, giving access

Four

miles

earthwork

will be finished

and

completed ;

before

of

remainder

earthwork

about

two-thirds

done,

rains.

when
No. 6 is finished.
(7) Mojpur to Rdjgarh. Will be commenced
Work
not commenced.
(8) Khairtal to Harsora, Bahror, and Bdnsur.
Mdla
Khera
kd
to
Ghdzi
Thdna.
This
road
would
cult
(9)
pass through such a diffiis contemplatedfrom Bdnsur, vid Narainpur,
country, that, instead of it,one
kd Thdna, and Ajabgarh,to the Jaipur border on
Ghdzl
the way
to Dowsa, thereby
opening up the tract of country to the west of the hills. No definite resolution has,
however, yet been come
to, the questionbeing still under consideration.

MINES, QUARRIES,
Of the iron
There

are

now

Major

Cadell

tons, of iron

15,000 maunds, or
in twenty-fourhours, the
emptied once
call the

lump

of

in 1873

wrote

furnaces
thirtyiron-smelting
536

about

iron)being taken

out

MINERALS.

AND

"

per

shoree

at

"

work

Each

annum.
"

the State,and

in

(or bloom

of the furnace

about

furnace

ball,as
twenty

they yield

is filled and

puddlerswould

hours

after the fire

to blow, the remaining four hours


lightedand the bellows commence
being taken
and
new
pipes,repairing
twyere
damages,
reloadingthe furnace.
up in inserting
The
and
building is simply composed of a centre wall built of mud
stone, or
of earth and
In
front
with a mixture
sun-dried bricks plastered
of this
cow-dung.
is placed.
wall the smelting-furnace
and
sections show
the construction and
dimensions
The
of the
followingplans

is

"

"

stnel ting-furnace
"

Vertical

Section.

Base.

//"

11"

1'5"

furnace,the

charcoal to load the

loadingthe

inserted
A
burnt

furnace,an

furnace,and

wall into the

iron

(520 Ibs.)of

thirteen maunds

It takes

Before

11'

two

and

ore

earthern

eleven

and

ore

maunds

charcoal

in

being put on
pipe is inserted
generallyby women

twyere

bellows,worked

(440 Ibs.)of
alternate layers.

from

the back

and

of the

are
children,

into the twyere.

with each load ; and

fresh twyere pipe is used

that the iron has collected

it is known

away,

call this

natives

The

furnace.

of iron

lump

when
into

all but two

mass

"shoree."

the

at

Prior

to

of

inches
bottom

it is
the

of

removing it,the

claywith which the lower part of the furnace is covered in (marked A in the above
shoree
plan)is broken through. The burning charcoal having been raked out, the
red
heat
The
shoree
is
two
in
in
of
cut
diately
immestate
two
drawn
is
out
men.
a
by
and while stillred-hot.
A deep incision is first made
its withdrawal
into
on
hammers
is
then
and
the
with
a
it by two
inserted,
men
sharp-edged
wedge
lump,
;
is speedilysevered
which
(200 to 280 Ibs.),
generallyweighs from 3" to 2" maunds
"

"

"

"

The

halves

two

brought to

being
piecesby
The

be
"

of four hammermen.

the assistance

with

the

then

are

that

mentioned
annas

out, and

puddling furnace,and
beaten

and

cut

after

with hammers

into

men.

and

"

of

estimate of the cost

following is an
"

refiningor

the

taken

heat, are

white

placed in

fractions of

the

pies,"as

is

rupee

usuallydone

working each
shown

are

furnace load ; and

in decimals

in

it may

place

of in

"

SmeltingFurnace.
Rupees.
maunds

Thirteen

One

charcoal,at

skilled labourer,for
labourers

twelve

maunds

per

"09
.

maunds

four

tappingfurnace
.

2-75

per rupee

"20
.

"

"34

"

"03

twyere pipe

Breaking

up

"

Water-carrier
Wear

at

loadingditto

and

maunds

Bellows

Ibs.)are,

...

Breaking up
One

cwt.

I -09

rupee

Eleven

(9

ore

and

tear

shoree,"or

bloom

ball

"06
.

"03

"

.....

"25

of bellows
Total

4-84
L

82

Refiningor Puddling furnace.


Rupees.
One

skilled labourer

Bellows

'82
.........

and

blowers

hammermen

1 '40
......

'03

Water-carrier

..........

Twyere pipe

'03

..........

charcoal,at four inaunds

Six maunds

1 -50

per rupee

Total

3-78

Grand
the

As
about

furnaces

200

stated, 2 1
maunds

be

cannot

loads is turned

out

annum.

per

total annual

(17" tons),which,

of

at the rate

8'62

during the rainy season, an average of only


The
yield of each load being,as already

worked

(200 Ibs.),the

maunds

Total

of

out-turn

Rs. 4 per maund

each

is 500

furnace

per ton),realises

(Rs.112

Rs. 2000.

expenditureof

The

the

estimated

furnace-men,as

is as
by themselves,

follows

"

Rupees.

Working expenses of
Royalty to the State
Miscellaneous

200

loads,at Rs. 8'62 per

load

1724
200

37

Total

only give a clear profitof Rs. 39


be estimated
the real profit
may

and
overstated,
but

small,

families

it must

of

be taken

this

what

they earn by
amounting to about
to

70

wives

sixtyand

between

per

per

100.

the

Even

expenditureis
this profit
is very

of the

souls per furnace ;

seventy

furnace,which

wages

employed

are

considerable

1961

but

the whole

children

and

employment, they derive

acres

annum

at Rs.

that almost

into account

the furnace-men, whose

families number

Those

dues
,

This would

go

to the

the works.

on

and, in addition

from
profit

they cultivate at the rent

the

land,

prevalent

in the district.

There

Major

to

seem

Cadell

have

been

few

iron is said to be malleable

Ulwur

furnaces

more

in

general facts will be found

Further

wrote.

soft

and

at page

compared

as

than

1875

with

when

183.

English

brittle,
iron,which is more
and, consequently,the former is preferredfor
One
kind
of imported iron,called
and
wood-cutting purposes.
culinary
"
kheri," is,however, thought better than the country, but is twice the
cost.
English iron is used for fine work, such as door-hinges,carriages,
"c., as it is much neater than country iron.
The furnaces are in the southern
at Rajgarh,
part of the State,chiefly
Tahla, and Baleta.
Of copper
Major Cadell wrote :
"

The

"

Co

copper-minein the Ulwur State


76" 26' 20" E. longitudeand 27"

richest

traverse

found
"

of the Darlba

Hill,situated

9' 40" N. latitude ; but copper

ore

in
is

er

found

in

is that

the

which

in many

State from
were

pockets,"not

worked

south

other
to

and

in continuous

parts of the branch

north

abandoned

and

several

centuries

veins,so that

it

can

of

the Aravelli

ancient

ago."
never

It

Hills,which

copper-minesare
is,however,

become

found

to

be

only
greatlyprofitable.

(
The

mode

in which

The

manufacture

83

is manufactured

copper
is carried

in

on

be
shortly

may

thatched

sheds,which

described

follows

as

in
generally

are

"

very

The ore is chipped out of the solid rock with hammer


and chisel ;
state.
dilapidated
with double its weight
into powder, is mixed
and, having been beaten with hammers
of powdered iron slag. This mixture is then made
into small cakes
with
an
equal
quantityof cow-dung ; and, after being roasted in a firemade of grass and cow-dung,
is placed,
in alternate layerswith
like the iron ore, in the smelting-furnace,
charcoal
of copper
When
the ore is melted, the furnace cylinder
is broken down, and the mass
which has collected at the bottom, after being allowed to cool, is lifted out.
It is
then taken to another shed, and is placedin an open
charcoal fire,
where it is melted
second
time with the aid of the bellows,which is worked
two
a
and
men
by
standing,
which
is opened and closed at the proper
moment
who also attends
to
by the man
in bars, and
the fire. It is then poured into a mould
out
of these bars the copper
of the State is coined.*

currency

The

followingis

30 Ibs. copper

of the cost of

estimate

an

ore

turningout

furnace-load

one

"

Rupees.
-31

"

120 Ibs. charcoal

Breaking up
Breaking ore

'38
'06

ore

.........

into cakes

with

slagand cow-dung

iron

skilled workman

One

men

'12

'.

Bellows

.'
.

"

-13

'19

Refining

'06
Total

30 Ibs. of

Those
annual

ore

yield 5 Ibs. of copper,


during the last twelve
is becoming less year by

of copper

out-turn

Rupees

1'25
.

that is 16 -6 per cent.


years

has

been

The

average

only 85T7^ maunds

(3 tons 8 cwt.),and it
year, owing to the influx of copper
of
India
The
and
coin.
value of the indigenouscopper
British
Europe
copper
The State takes one-third of the copper as royalty.
has greatlydiminished.
and children,derive
Thirty-two families,comprisingeighty-eight
men,
women,
their principal
of subsistence from this industry
means
; and during the rainyseason,
of land.
when the furnaces are not worked, they cultivate twenty-two acres

from

quantityof sulphateof

small

of the water

out
"

Lead

mines

have

they

not
not

were

in

and

is found

at

been

for

remuuerative.

by

and

copper

in the Dariba

place

worked

analysismade

an

found

called
a

of

mine.

Jodhawas,

great number

They

are

Colonel

now

cent,

Thana

near

of years,

Ghdzi.

The

as

beingre-opened;

Dickens, the

galena,yielded eighty per

factured
sulphateof iron is manu-

of

ore, which

lead

and

is

one

an

per

argentiferous
of

cent,

silver."

Perhaps the finest white statuary marble obtainable in India


of the State, in the
at Jhirri,in the south-west
of the Thana
Tahsil.
The
Ghazf
Partapgarh pargaua

quarriesextend
hills,and
*

Since

at

nowhere

are

this

intervals

was

miles

for two

deep

written,British

like
coiu

the
has

along the

marble

foot of

quarries of

is

a
range
Makrana

supersededit,as explainedelsewhere.

cavated
ex-

of
in

(
Besides

Marwar.

these

84

compete with

quarries,which

Makrana

Raiwala, iu

miles from

Jhirri,
Jhirri,

Jaipur territory,
present only two families work the Jhirri
rana
hundred
while at Raiwala
there are
one
families,and at Makquarries,
hundred
and
there
in
made
twenty.
1868) one
(according to a note

there
and

quarriesat

are

the

nearer

railway. At

Jliirri I

At

seven

the Makrana

told that

was

the Jhirri
as
finelycrystallised

stone

It has

stone.

at Makrana

images

Raiwala

The

be weaker

is said to

stone

and

so

higher,and

that

manufacture

of

at Jhirri.

easier than

much

the

renders

hard

so

to be raised

to its cost, but its comparativesoftness

adds

not

was

than

Jhirri,iis less pure

the

ring like the Jhirri stone ; and


at Dehli,
when
unusually fine pieces are required by the stone-workers
for stones of
they send their orders to Jhirri. However, the demand
beauty is not great, and four cartloads of stone are said to be the average
annual amount
sent for transport to Dehli to the nearest
railway station
that of Dosah
the Jaipur and Agra line.
on
"

(has more

barbati"

in

does

it),and

not

"

six-bullock

two-bullock
and

that

150

maunds.

The
when

will

contain

maunds.

This

cart

cart, 12
the amount

of stone

of the

arch

and
crosspiece,

6|

ft.

from

10.
Rs.

The

An

customs
annas

Jhirri to Dehli

is at

the rupee

tirbarah

the

when

of

power
is

country bullock,

the

probably at present
the

quarries3 maunds
public.

under

rupee

sold to the

"

"

finger-breadths
thick,with four feet,standing1 span high,
unpolishedbasin, 8 in. in diameter,costs Rs. 1. Images ordinarily

5 to Rs.

State,1"

"

four-bullock cart, 30 maunds

shape,consistingof two pillarsand a toothed


A liberal price for a
by 7 ft.,costs about Rs. 20.
chauki," or

low seat, 12 in. square,


is Rs.

4J

the traction

stone

maunds

ordinary

maunds

from

sent

of the Jhirri undressed

cost

sold to the State ;


An

40

shows

20,

but

contractor

for each

often much
takes 2

going to

more.

annas

each

on

pointwithin

Jhirri stone-cart

going

out

of

the

the State.

often excavated
but
Very large pieces of stone are not now
at Jhirri,
there.
Those of
formerly noble monolithic pillarshave been manufactured
Kh"ss" hall,in the Ulwur citypalace,are from Jhirri ; and when
the "Am
Bhangarh, only sixteen miles off,was a prosperous
town, and the capital
of the district,
it must, as its remains
show, have given much work to
the Jhirri quarrymen.
is also found
White
marble

Dadikar, six miles behind the Ulwur


Fort, and perhaps in other parts of the State, though probably not in
uncleft pieceslarge enough for anything but chunam.
is found at Mandla, near
Black marble
Ramgarh, about sixteen miles
east of Ulwur.

Fine

slabs,four feet

square,

marble.

Black

but

pink

Pink

marble.

marble
Fine

one

the

as

quarries

yet

have

been

(guldbi
pathar} is excavated
extracted

family of quarrymen

fe,

but

there

depend

but
at

is

upon

..,,.

little worked.

the south.

life size, have


nearly
J

little demand
it.

be obtained,

can
'

Baldeogarhin

for images

pieces,large enough

been

but

near

for the
,

stone, and

is

Salt

extracted

not

from

and

then

In

as

manufacture

for

Rs.

about
latter

much

Saltpetre

From

the

from

of

the

States

works,
salt-

Blmrtpur
to

the

the

and

the

turned

"gars"

Rs.

of

imported

sold

are

dues.

custom

salt,

the

About

3220.

which

State

to

on

monopoly

for

year

the

for

as

"

produced,

annually

local

the

that

sold

wells

called

pans

without

maunds,

from

water

dgars

was

but

west,

at

The

though

the

best.
obtained
400

salts
few

the

ordinary

said,

is

for

about

Saltpetre.

the

into

it

same

is

in

and

collected,

months

100

the

some

seventy-seven

twelve

the

22

are

is

off

are,

the

is

were

maunds

50,000

latter

earth

there

in

drained

1875

as

lakes,

saline

it,

wells,

from

nor
O-il.

86

in

the

500

or

which

east

manner

salt,

as

and

the

yield

is

maunds.
from

extracted

miles

same

of

bracelets

the

the

city,

earth

(ckiiris}

coarse

and

at

and

Desiila

glass
rough

is

bottles

Agiara,

manufactured,
are

made.

V.

CHAPTER

AGRICULTURE.

As
the

of the

area

They
Of

the cultivated
bears

cent,

complete soil and


regarding soils,"c., but

two

area

cent,

of the

crops

covered

areas

by

twenty-three

the

Barley

whole

cultivated

area.

-119
"

"

"

"

-021
.

"007

Sarson

the

The

land

under

tobacco

about

1200,
than

the
for

crops

preparatory

"

"

"

"

'276

computation

area

Crops and
tillage.

"

'023
.

Wheat

smaller

proportions

-069

Miscellaneous

made

of the

relative

the

-089

Indian-corn

that

five per

and
irrigated,

-071

Cotton

in order

is cultivated.

is

cent,

Gram

this

per

whole

chieflygrown

crops

Jawar

In

of the

approximately

'331

Bajra

"

of

in the year.

following figures show

The

five-sixths

about

cannot
crop statement
of fiscal villagesonly,

fifty-five
per

that

of
i.e.,
villages,

187, 188.

at pages

show

fiscal

made,

Statistics

found

will be

the

only

State,was

furnished.

be

of

field survey

double-cropped land
whole
one
year might

sugar-cane
and the opium

to

assessment,

usual

about

be

taken

2000

only about 450 ;


the people had,

valuable

been

counted

acres,

but
no

twice,

into account.
that

under

the survey
doubt, devoted
as

was
a

crops.

varies from 1 to 5 maunds


(unirrigated)
the rdj bigha (two-fifthsof an
acre),according to soil. Usually several
make
and
with
the
mate,
bAjra,
pulses are grown
up about a third of the above estiThe

average

yield of

to these

was

has

chieflypulses.

b"jra land

though sometimes, owing


of

pulse greatlyexceeds

been

estimated

12

to

maunds,

at from
cotton

that

of

to the

character
with

of
it.

the

season,

the

yield

Irrigatedbarleyhas
the
4 to 14 maunds
at
bigha, gram
(unirrigated)
maunds
5
to
at
(includingseed).
(irrigated) 1"
bdjra grown

(
For
To

about, crops, see


Rent- rates."
in
prepare land for the kharif crops
before
the
rains
are
ploughings
"

more

the
drift

88

rain

which

sand,

be

may

has

unirrigatedland, one or
advantageous,not only

readilyabsorbed, but

more

often

be

strengtheningproperties,may

that

caught

two

that
the

in the

furrows.

preparationsbegin in November, when the land is first


times before the
ploughed, an operationwhich is repeated six or seven
in March ; all the other
ground is planted in February. Cotton is sown
after
Cotton
the
rains
is said to require
important kharif crops
begin.
one
ploughing after beginning of rains ; bajraand common
pulses,two ;
and Jawar, three. For the Rabi, wheat requires
five,barleyfour ploughings.
Two
and one
men
yoke of bullocks can plough a Raj bigha (two-fifthsof
and
about thirtybighasa season.
When
an
ploughing is paid
acre) a day,
for,the charge is about one rupee a day for the Rabf and something less
For

sugar-cane

for the

kharif.

The
and

first

called

with

The

ploughing

and

receives

weeding.
A

see(*

The

Sowing and

is

and

dinner

follows

as

rains

being

carrying a

then

the bullocks'

requiredfor

.3

day's ploughing,

or

little more.

seers.

to

20
"

Inferior kharif

pulses
barley

and

are

seer,

10

Wheat

an
north, they make
five
furrows.
ploughs
rubbed
with mendi, and

Raj bfgha,or

the

man

feet

pot, coloured

villagefestival,
villagersproceed

of delicacies.

Jawar

Charf

is

earthen

new

to

selected

.1

bajracrop

begin

favourable,the

bajra. Looking

earth, and

ploughman'shands

the former

householder

full of

the

to

after the

Omens

halsotia."

each
fields,

turmeric

obeisance

"

the

to the

of

day

,,

20

"

15

Gram

"

is

generallythought the auspiciousday to begin sowing.


Jawar
bajra,and inferior pulse crops are each weeded but once ; cotton,
twice ; chari and gram,
not at all.
three times ; wheat and barley,once
or
is
after
have
been
weeded, a plough
usuallypassed
Shortly
bajrawcAjawar
Wednesday
)

between
One
One

the furrows
man
man

can

weed

can

the soil.

to loosen

about

reap

about

quarter of
five biswas

Raj bfgha

day.

(twentieths)of

raj bfgha
jawar. half

of

biswas of a bfgha of
a
barley,seven
bfgha of bajra. Reapers are usually paid partly in cash,
The
cost of reaping a field is generallyreckoned
a
partly in corn.
of
its
total
twentieth part
yield.
210 Raj
Ram
Superintendent
Gopal, estimated the cost of cultivating
bfghas of barley thus
wheat

or

Reaping (laoni).",,-,

"

i,~

T-"

n-j

LI

v.

89

Rupees.

Ploughing
Seed

.16
20

.......

'Implements
Weeding
Reaping
from
Irrigation

.12
.

.10

10

.......

Blacksmith

.64

well
.

and

carpenter

....

135

This

is exclusive

Friday
The

is

of rent

and

revenue.

usually considered the


commonly used are

terms

best

day

to

begin reaping.

"

Ploughing,jotna.
Sowing, bona.
Reaping,laona.
Winnowing, barsdna.
Plough,Jial.
Flattener,mez.
Instruments

for making ridgesto keep


land,mdnjha, datdli.

fork
Jelli,

from

water

flowing off

of wood.

Dranti, sickle.
Ganddsi,
of

Rotation

for

instrument

kirbi
cutting,
"

called

crops,

pher"

irrigatedland capable of bearing


Thus

year.

in

one

in the -next

cotton, followed

was

Indian-corn

bajra or

the cold weather

succeeded

land, barley,gram,
and

Indian-corn

often followed

or

in the

"

one

moth

and

practisedon

extent

some

in the

crop
"

common

pher

as

case

two

fodder

are

It is calculated

manure.

assumes

as

tobacco.

acres,

and

one

that the lauds


where

other

In

and

autumn,

Jawar

rabi crop, as
bajra often

one

very

they

are

follow

that

part of the

of

crop

and

cotton

sufficient for

gets the benefit

fuel is abundant

are

of the

elsewhere

one

Elliott's

Hoshangabad

afford
one.*

manure,

nearly half

Settlement

less

late.

another, though
are

for

also said

highjungle plants
a

often cut to be used

believe,burnt.
*

are

gatheredin

State,where

abundant, they
eight cattle will

household

of

barley in
On good double-crop
years'rotation.
"
raM"
(spring)usually follow bdjra,

the

also often grown


together. Jawdr, bAjra,and urad
to be better as alternate crops.
leaves of cotton
The deciduous
help to prepare the land

for

rotation

are

class crop, such


of little value as

"

"

tobacco,to which

kharif" (autumn).

immediately by

In the inferior land

they

in the

wheat

that

spring by
in

the two

completed

is to
than

more

villageI found

bajrastraw.

or

Report.

sufficient

manure

This, however,
is only the

which
the

manure

is,I

Irrigationby wells,although the


within

except

90

rather

limits.

narrow

be extended

form, cannot

commonest

For

to

be

profitable,

Irrigation.

the

only
be, speaking generally,within 70
feet of the surface,of tolerable quality,and
with
a
copious flow,but if
the soil piercedbe sandy, it must
be possibleto reach a firmer stratum
must

not

If the interior masonry


of the well rest
sand, the latter will be brought up with the water, and the masonry

below
on

is reached.

it after water

before

undermined,

be

long

difficult to insert

wooden

yard.

new

as
(Jeota)

originalone
to give way.
a

water

can

liable to fall in.

and

masonry
be done

cylinder usually

When

is but

water

in firmer

about

costs

few

soil when

Rs.

feet from

the

kota

the

threatens

cubit, or Rs.
surface,and there is
per

4
a

the portion of the


to make
feet, it answers
cylinderwithin the water of wood, and upon it to build above the water
bricks.
tared burnt
up to the surface of the ground, a cylinder of unmor
have
Such
a
well,however, will not last above twenty years, and can
width enough to water much
neither depth nor
than a third of what
more
well of one
run
a masonry
(lao)in the same
localitywill water.
In sinking the masonry
cylinderthrough sand after water has been
reached, a dredger (jMm) is used; but each time the dredger is lowered,
sound

bottom

has

man

filled

within

soil very
cylinder (bachra) within the

wooden

or

It is in such

to go

12

down

to

fill it.

dredger is being raised,lest


An

of its contents.

the presence

"When,
a

few
An

success.

which

as

is

of

he should

and

down

man

feet above
rod

or

occasionallyused) is
On

be

injuredby

to introduce

whilst

down

the fall of
the

some

of Bull's

use

contrivance,which

the

acts

out
with-

the nodulous
the

ball

driven

limestone

water, the well

(the

best

sometimes

called kankar
is often

is

great

European descriptionof
as

many

as

30

feet into

withdrawal, if a water spring has been


kankar
into the
tapped, it rises up the hole and through the loosened
shaft,and thus a stable well is formed often with a supply of water which
haustible.
no
rapidityof working will reduce, and it is pronounced atut, or inexIf there is no
of some
hope of a bdl, or rise,the removal
kankar
Most
produce a good flow,which is called a saut.
wells,
may
and
of
necessitates
few
hours
constant
a
however, are not atut,
drawing
cessation for as long a time to allow the water to be renewed.
Since the commencement
of the Ten- Year
in 1862, the
Settlement
have
number
of well runs
risen from
12,604 to 16,074 throughout the
in
the
State.
Settlement
1872,
begun,
When,
regular
operationswere
the systematic issue of advances
fixed rules was
under
to Zamindars
sanctioned
thus advanced, by
by the Council.
Nearly Rs. 80,000 was
of
about
300
than
which
wells
means
new
were
constructed,and more
100 repaired.
the

bed

of limestone.

efficient

under

called

made

remain

not

the shaft of the well.

happens,
frequently
iron

dare

attempt has been

patent hand-dredger, a simple

found

He

its

91

working wells the Persian wheel


leathern
bucket
(charas), simple wheel

is not

In

(loo).

The

for

there

as

bullocks
in

11-

,,

wells
is

worked

are

release

elsewhere, an

Ajmir and

extra

"

Ulwur, only the

rope

Well

imgation.

manner;

which

from

the

the

driver

bucket,

is necessary

man

of

rope, by means
the drawn
water

second

no

might

uneconomical

an

in

in

(chAk). and

//

used

to

of the
is done

as

dischargethe

water.

Where
"

the

weight

The
"

"

Shadoofs

with

is very near
the surface,denklis
of the Nile, and consist of a pole

water

at

one

well water

matwAla."

In

favourable
The

end

and

suspended

be divided

may

it the

bucket

alkalies

into
and

used.

are

working

at the other.

classes.

seven

acids

on

They are
a
pivot,

in

are

The

the

best

is called

proportion

most

vegetation.

to

second

malmala"

"

is

good water, though

inferior to

"

mat-

wala."
third is

The

"

rtikalla" and

The fourth is " mitha"


effects cannot
called
desired
The
rains

or

is often not
khara"

"

fifth is

favourable

are

might perhaps

and

The
and

by the use of the


by earth containingit,I do

but
effect,

or

"

generallyuseless,or

are

with

respect

other

some

to

"

khara"

laud

Well

land, such

so

ones,

efflorescence

Dung

has

the

quantities.
deposit,but if
well are
often excellent,

khara

"

white

oilyand

both

"

"

malmala,"
mitha"

salt.

over

Wells

of this

nothing.

to

next

be

can

improved by

ture
mix-

well

favourably situated with


be given from
waterings can

that alternate

raise all to first-class.

kind, may

each

sort; thus

its

mitha."

"

worth

of water, except the

kind

Each

know.

not

Whether

oilywater, is very bad both for irrigation

for all other purposes.


The
seventh, " bajar telia"

class

"

white

common

It leaves

salt.

very

earth

or

class.

in sufficient

obtainable

the crops under


be classed above

sixth, telia"

middle

apparentlyhas too littlesalt.

be counteracted

khdr"

"

be considered

may

which

rent-rates

as

is met

rich, well-watered

vary

with
land

from

mostly
of

the

Us.

in the

an

acre

for

north, to Rs.

south-west

sandy, ill-watered
22

an

(see Settlement

acre

for the

Report in

Appendix).
"

liNahri

is

city of Ulwur,

land.
canal-irrigated

the water

for which

The

most

valuable

is supplied from

is that

near

the

the lake
CanaL

ci-11
i.
Silleserh.

other
gardens in the environs of Ulwur, and much
1-8
R
s.
ing
watera
are
paid
astonishing i.e.,
of
an
bfgha
('4
garden laud
Raj
acre). As some
per
takes twelve waterings per annum,
the amount
paid for it for water alone
and
if
the
is Rs. 45 an
be
revenue
added, it mounts
acre,
up to Rs. 50.
Six waterings are usuallygiven to wheat, four to barley,two to gram.
It waters

land.

The

These

many

rates

rates

were

"

established

before the Settlement

began, and

it must

heaps round

dung and rubbish


The
the

have unlimited
pay them
the city walls.

that those who

be remembered

Rupparel,or

of the

water

rains,and

from

manure

the

nallah,belongs to Bhartpur during

Biirah

of the

for the rest

Ulwur

to

92

The

year.

is

stream

nually
an-

Ghat, north of Lachmaugarh, and carried


The rate charged is Rs. 1 a
by canal to the villagesof Lachmangarh.
Silleserh
rate.
the
half
not
settlement
bfgha,
of RajThe water from the Deoti lake is distributed to a few villages
a
bigha is charged, but the
garh, which lie below it. Only 8 annas
in October

dammed

new

west

farmed

highly assessed.

rather

villagesare

at

canal,which

carries water

of the

of

town

to

land

some

Tijara,pays

formerly a

grass

separate cess, the land

no

serve
pre-

being

by the Darbar.
from

Watered

is

land

total canal

The

Silleserh

canal,about

1200

"

"

Silleserh

"

"

from

"

500

Tijdra

separate revenues

bighas.

1800

Ghat

"

The

settlement

660

Deotl

"

canals

was,

for 1874-75

"

15,200

......

Ghat

1,700

......

Deoti

140

......

in the State

All the land

is,according to the declaration

of the

Darbar,
State property, but the Silleserh Canal
land has long been
theoretically
treated as actuallysuch, and the Superintendent of Canals annually leases
it out in small plots.
This
The

case

with

Superintendent

Ghat
For

the Ghat

of Canals

collector of three

water-rent

from

the

is not

acts

and

Deoti

as

revenue

villages,the

lands

Canal

land.

collector,as
of which

are

well

as

irrigated

Silleserh.

and

remarks

water-rate

on

imposed by

Settlement

Department,

see

Settlement

Report (Appendix).
in the Ramgarh
is flooded land, and is situated chiefly
and
The
best is in Ramgarh, supplied
Lachmangarh Tahsils.
and
from the Chuhar
the
rent
Sidh,
paid for it is as high
Rs. 9 an acre, or more
of it is unflooded two years
as
occasionally. Much
A good flood is to the villagerswithin
its influence
out of three.
the
and
it becomes
most
the subject of song
and
happy event in the year,
"

Dahri"

rejoicing.
"

water

Taldbi"

land

is drained

The

dams

is that

within

dam, which

is cultivated

when

the

off.

will be found
which

specifiedand brieflydescribed

under

the par-

situated.
The principal are
they are respectively
Tijara,Lachmangarh, Bagherf, Babrfa,Reni, Baleta, and Kho.
ganas

within

or

fourth

rate, and

plus
it took

their

especiallywhere
swords,
from

estates
to be

danger.

their
Chief
in

virtual

claims

be able

ever

jagfrgives :

of the gross
additional per

seer

day's work

load

Rs. 2
The

and

grass

Rs. 1-4

villages,the Darbar's
The
be
following may

to be

most

and
cultivators,

of

("J^")
kind

paying
in

on

plough

all the
in the
well

every

latter

prestige which

produce.

village.

run.

(and probably

fallow

on

tenants

and,

of the

the

dinner

of uncultivated

for his

retainers).

land.

land.

rent in money
option of realising
according
in kind.
select the mode
which
They each season
mises
proprofitable. This, however, is regarded as oppressive by
I have known
to conproprietors,who found it necessary
ciliate

or

their

maund

produce

often exercise

rate

crop

possessed

jagfrdar

produce.

every
from

wild

acre

an

Jagirdars
to

from

of green corn
each marriage

on

States
ently
consist-

cannot

"

One-third
One

also

realise,unless

to

their

protected

villages,he
his

their

to

in Native

to him.
rights in which have been transferred
fair rent and dues of
would
.be
the
what
thought
regarded as
than
sole proprietorof a village,though, probably, more
or
a

would

Dar-

tors,
proprie-

in part due

exertions

often

in

the

collected.

was

fiscal

favourable

which

to become

own

jagfrdars'proprietary title

the

deny

by
the

proprietorof the land

the sole

and

States

originalsettlement

they have
Indeed, as

where

or

the shares

claimed

crop,

in Native

tendency

regarded as

These, too, were

of the

share

third is sometimes

is.

always

Jagirdarshave
own

but

cess,

fourth

bar, when

the

the

will

at

in

their rent
latter

them

(j)Ahis\ give

each

according

money

of

case, one-third

the

to

the

the

season

fixed

choice

rate

or

in

(tisrab"ntho)was

crop

taken.
The

which

rent-rates,on
is based, are

in 1876
The

shown

of land

tenures

They

are

the

of the

assessment

in the

Settlement

prevailing in

the

locally known

State

under

Settlement

beginning

Report (see Appendix).


are
not, I think, peculiar.

two

"

names,

batti hui"

or

TCHUTGS

divided, and
to

villages,the

lands

right,and

"

gol"

of which

is the

"

undivided.

or

have

Pattidari

"

been

of the North-

of bad

land

unless

it is

extensive,be

"

batti kM,"

if

plentiful,

fields.

villages)will
Thus

if

becomes

it

as

man

In

such

be

paid

at the

thenceforth

Western

show

usually
villagefield-map
for as each proprietor
gets his share
(achhi hi achchi our buri ki buri},the

glance

at

first term

is

apportioned according

will

the

The

divided, and

Provinces.

whether
of

good

well

and

and

his

in fractions
division

of

(or
corresponding

the

responsiblefor

lands

revenue

to

received

tenth, and

is

share

rich land

the

"

villageis

minutely
unirrigated
usually is comparatively, will be in long

villagesthe lljumma

applied

ditary
to here-

assessed

the

and

will,
ferior,
in-

gular
rectanon

the

hereditary share.
of them, he
a
spoken of as having
tenth

95

well rope (lao)symboa


(i.e.,
two-twentieths);or sometimes
lises
well
the
and
of
total
number
so
share,
many
ropes
shares,or it may be a plough is the unit, or a bullock,or a waist-cloth
(Idngri),or a bush scythe (ddnkri),or a turban (pdgri),or a yoke
(gdtma).
into
In the first,
The "gol" is of two kinds.
occupationhas grown
of the
land held by each member
virtual proprietorship
; although the
his share according to the
not
at all correspond with
community may
each
holder
is
In
this
tree.
responsiblefor his share of
genealogical
case,
ihejamma whether he cultivates his fields or not, and the distribution of
the jamma is usually by a bi'gharate corresponding with the capacityof
" khali
is sometimes
known
ckdli"
that is,
the land.
This tenure
as
"fallow
tilled."
land paying jumma, whether
This the Superintenor
dents
biswas

two

the

smallest

call bhaiachdra.
and
village land is held in common,
brotherhood
the
the
cultivators
paid to
by
and
land
vated
whether
the latter be proprietorsor
only
actually cultinot,
"
is paid for.
Jura
mdre
or
yoke (of oxen) trod," is the term
the principleupon
applied to land held on this tenure, and it marks
"

In the other

gol" tenure,

let to the cultivators.

which

Rent

is exacted.

payment

the

is

The

"pala"

fodder

or

of uncultivated

lying uncultivated for half the year only and any


of income, is this property of the community, and is
source
to hereditaryshares based on the genealogicaltree, as
It is,in fact,a " zamindarf
profitor loss which may accrue.
that

even

be
Or

of these tenures

combination

A
"

"

hiii,"and the unirrigated gol


"
gol," but the well will be

batti

all will be

"jura

Instead

title.

it was
arbitrarily,
marked,

Impey's
last.

extra

divided

cording
ac-

is also any
"

tenure.

well

laud

will

(" imperfect Pattidari! ").

"

khali

chalf,"and

land, the Settlement


Department
given period as conferringan absofixing that period at twelve years

to
a

of

deemed
and

better

this

first Settlement

The

"

other

"

the

irrigated
un-

mare."

deciding claims
treat possessionfor

lute

The

common.

"

In

to

is very

land

was

that

select

to

found

in

date

the

is,thirteen

more

years

of claims to

tinctly
disof

commencement

before

directed

was

Captain

expiry of

the

the

of

structive
proprietarypossession was
usually the actual or con"
in the
pattas," or leases,of the two Settlements
entry of name
of hak mujrai (ora two per cent, allowof Captain Impey, and the receipt
ance
the
made
their
the
to
revenue
on
proprietors,or
representatives,
"
the receiptof
dhol danka"
at
or
a payment
lumbardars). Sometimes
of proprietorevidence
to a certain extent
marriages in the village,was
ship.
that
and then a person
he
been
Now
had
might prove
actuallyin
in the
name
was
possession,though neither his nor his representative's

aforesaid

test

"

If in
share

sued

pattas."
an

undivided
for

village a

partitionof the

man

lands

who
in

had

less than

accordance

his

with

hereditary
village

the

the
received, if possible, the deficiency from
The
of
by proprietors.
possession
prietors
prodisturbed,unless on specialgrounds it was justifiable.

genealogical tree,
land

common

great
allowed

were

Impey's

not

not

was

re-occupy

Settlements

returned

and

he

cultivated

absentees

many
to

90

and

"

about

their lauds
within

quietly resumed

2000

as

without

near

as

I could

make

out

"

oppositionduring Captain

the last five years several hundreds


reference
their possessions without

have
to

court.

The

Occupancy

question of

the Settlement

occupancy

rightshad

to be

dealt with

by

Department.
recognition of the occupancy
no
as, up to Captain Impey's Settlements,
but, on the contrary, usually
cultivators,

Proprietorsstrenuously opposed

the

rights of non-proprietors; and


proprietorshad wished to oust
offered them
and
cult
diffiadvantages and coaxed them to come
stay, it was
to discover
whether
reserved
in
of
the
ouster
was
case
right
any
proprietorshould claim to assert it.
Cultivators in Ulwur
have usually a better position than in British
been
territory
pressed to settle in a village,they have often
; for,having
been allowed a share in its management,
and sometimes
permitted to act aa
actual proprietors. Those
who
resided in the
lumbarddrs,or to become
for
than
other
for
such
as
village
cultivatingland,
baniyas,
purposes
often
had
of
land
whether
to
"c.,
plots
them,
assigned
they
weavers,
wished
for them
which
This
or
on
they had to pay.
not, the revenue
and the possession of a plot or
apportioningwas called " chakbandhi."
chak was
such
burden
that a trade tax (lag),or house
a
formerly thought
tax (jkompri baach},
sometimes
Now
the
was
preferredand paid instead.
plots are valued by their possessors, who claim occupancy
rights.
After much
if a cultivator
and
it
held
that
inquiry
discussion, was
had paid revenue
if he had paid as proprietorspay
only and no rent (i.e.)
kind
for the same
of land) from
before the first settlement
of Captain
and
had
held
the
land
and
without
lease
a
same
Impey,
always
(patta),
he had
If
if
he
held
his
had
been
rent
or
by
right.
patta,
occupancy
raised at the pleasure of the proprietors,or
if he paid more
than the
had
if
his
it
the
latter
held
at
was
latter,or
holding
pleasure,
changed
generally that he had no occupancy
rights. If,however, he had been a
an
proprietor,or if he was
ex-jagirdaror muafidar,or possiblyfor some
other specialreason, occupancy
conceded.
rights were
Every cultivator,
who
had
held
land
in
the
not an
villagefor two generatenant,
tions,
occupancy
from a period before the first Settlement
of Captain Impey, was
or
held to be entitled to sufficient land to maintain
himself,though to no
of
than
he
not
to
was
more
actuallyholding when the
course,
more, and,
record
of rights was
framed.
The first class of occupancy
tenants
were
not
sufficient to cover
their share of
to be charged more
rent than
was
of
entitled
the
not
to hold
at
village expenses ;
others,
course, were
favourable

rates.

(
The

cattle of Ulwur

are

in

97

The

wise remarkable.

no

fine animals

of

A good many
cattle,
imported,and not bred.
Cattle,
however, are exported from Ulwur
territory.
A plough and yoke of bullocks can
prepare from 20 to 25 Settlement
2 to 3 bighas of grass
bighasfor the rain-sowings. From
Maintenance
of cattleland must
be reserved to feed these two bullocks
ordinarily
during the rains. The weeding of the crops supplements this grazing
but in
the weeding alone is accounted
sufficient,
ground, and sometimes
is necessary
that case 30 seers a day of tura (barleyor moth straw and chaff)
is assignedto raise 6
for the first month
of the rains.
A bigha or more
of gawdr (a coarse
maunds
vetch)for the two bullocks,which must have,
at least,
during
a seer
a day each
during the ploughing,and, if possible,
the cold weather.
The yieldper bigha of bdjraand pulse straw and chaff
of pdla (berleaves)
should be from 20 to 24 maunds, and 1 or 1^ maunds
besides.
Before the hot weather the ber bushes should yield4 or 5 maunds
of fodder per bigha altogether.The
that is,from 25 to 30 maunds
more
during the cold weather,likewise should yield
grass land, which is unused
The cattle require
from 4 to 5 maunds
of pdla before the hot weather.
about 15 seers
head of this fodder,the total of which for 20 bighas of
a
cultivated and 2 of fallow is,takinga rather low yield,as follows :
kind

every

are

carts.

"

TT,

"

"

Maunds.

Maunds.

Yield

of cultivated

20

25

500

Yield

of fallow

2X4=

Total
.

Or

food for

head

one

bullock

for 1016

days. That is

not

508

quite enough for four

dry portionof the year, which is three-fourths of the


whole.
But probably,in general,20 bighas of average light,
unirrigated
land, plus 2 bighas of fallow,would be sufficient to support a yoke of
bullocks,a cow, and two young cattle,without trenchingupon the grain
crop

of cattle for the

of 18 acres, which
The cattle diseases

would

be used

for human

food.

(1) mel,described as the worst,


the foot-andseems
or
; (2) bhang or Jeusti,
disease ; (3) naia rog, of which swellingof the chest is the main
mouth
of eating too much
symptom ; (4) aphra, a disease which comes
guwdr ;
(5)pkarsvja,a swellingof the thighs.
The manual
cattle disease,published by the British Government,
on
circulated in Ulwur, and introduced into the village
schools.
was
The castration of bullocks,in order to make
them
more
manageable,
is prohibited in all Hindu
restriction
much
felt
by Musalman
States,a
ploughmen.
There is not, I think, any
about the vehicles,
peculiarity
except that
the carts are
smaller than those usually seen
lages.
about Agra and Dehli vilof the upper
Raths, the bullock carriages
class,are
well made, and
sold at Ulwur
workmen.
A
by the litij
it

to burst

complained of

cut

are

"

the stomach

handsome
less than

followingshows

The

those

Wages.

paid

Stonecutters,

Carpenters

2i

Beldars

and

the

quantity.

i/^-i

to

best

anna

3 the

formerly paid

wages

and

annas

pies.

C pies.

o
3

1
"

to
"

r"

6 pies.

annas

The
Rs. 6 to Rs. 8.
maunds, now
known
quarries in the neighbourhood of the
Khan's, 150 rdspas, or donkey loads (112
JarakRs. 1-12
is paid for that
weight.
1-11-6
the
100
Rs. 3 for the
maunds, now

Lai

"

100

now

rupee,
lime was

same

cloth

,,

Rs.

at

thus:

quarry

"

two

wara

the

"

sold

sold

city was
maunds),

without

"A.D. 1876.

,,

the

from

stone

"

pies.

,,

was

400

"

Lime

mas

"

pi-

an

now

between

1858.

A.D.

Masons

difference

the

Rs.

about

including cloth, costs

one,
half.

Rs.

Formerly agriculturallabourers,called mazdtirs, could be got for from


Rs. 3 to
2 to Rs. 2"8
Rs. 4 are 'paid. A ghilef,
a
or
month, now
For day-labourers
cotton
cloth,and a pair of shoes, is often given besides.
Chumars
2 annas
a day is paid.
get a present of grain from those they
and
work
Other village servants,
not usually paid monthly wages.
for,
are
Rs.

too, such

(dhobi),are
Price

the

as

paid

blacksmith

washerman

in kind.

The

current.

and
(lohar),carpenter (katlri),

pricecurrent

is shown

bel

)w

Average for ten years,


excluding two famine

27

s.

"

1915-28,

Average

for

19

seers.

39

seers.

"

"

7
"

"

32

24
"

"

38

26
"

"

31

Measures

Raj bfgha
and

weights.

by
is

measurement.
as

follows

is about

two-fifths

Settlement

survey

of

19
an

The

bigha

selected

is the

"

grainsof

rice

1 rattf.

8 rattis

of the

"

Ash

1 mash

a.

12

in

18

mashas

paisas

1 takka.

25

takkas

40

seers

1 maund.

seer

acre.

for

Akbarf, and is -625 of an acre


such as milk, oil,"fec.,
sold
exactly. Only liquid articles,
are
is
else
of
table
The
disposed
by weight.
Everything
*ne

The

1928

27

The

s.

(A.D.1871-72).

years.

1 tola.

as

panchseeri," or

5-seer

palsa.

seer.

weight, is

25

takkas.

(
The

seer, it will be

Raj

99

British

the

tolas less than

seen, is 5

seer

of

tolas.

80

It

found

having been

of Administration
the

that false

compels

now

weights were

all

the Council

common,

very

shopkeepersto

weights bearing

use

Raj stamp.
Cloth Measure.
3
15

occasionallyvisit the

Locusts
of

spoken

is

as

State, and

the Kharif

girih.

1 gaz.

several
"

the

crops

other

katha"

insects

are

Bijght8)floods,

"

are

"

mischievous
especially

more

and famines,
chieflycomplained of; in the Rabf
"
mahwva"
sunclar."
The last
"roll," and
chepar"

babal"

"kuki"

crops,

In

destructive.

il

kdtira"

"

breadth
fingers'
girihs

I believe floods

in gram.

whole, beneficial in Ulwur.

They
much
the
and
rain
the
loss
is
other
but
cotton
more
injure
may
crops,
than repaidby the enhanced
value of the wheat, barley,and gram
crops
the
which
abundant
rains
produce.
(especially latter),
famines
famous
The
the
throughout
country, and which form eras
before and
after which
events
are
spoken of as having occurred, are
of

those

"

(1.)Sambat
(2.)
(3.)
(4.)
(5.)
(6.)
"
(7.)
(8.)
(9.)
(10.)
"

1810

(A.D. 1753-54),called the dasotia.

1840

(A.D.1783-84)

"

(A.D. 1803-4)

"

1860

"

"

"

1869
1874
1890
1894

"

"

1910
1917

"

"

Of

the

always, on

are

these, the

1925

(A.D.1812-13)
(A.D.1817-18)
(A.D.1833-34)
(A.D.1837-38)
(A.D.1853-54)
(A.D.1860-61)
(A.D.1868-69)

the chalisa.
the sdtha.
the unhattara.
"

the chauhattara.
"

the
"

nawra.

the chauranwara.
"

the dasma.

"

the athsfra.

"

the
"

pachlsra.

the

second, sixth,seventh, ninth,


which, in 1868-69, fell so terriblyon West Rajbad throughoutUlvvur,where
the famine
of 1860-61
for
felt. In 1868-69
it was
a
only
day or two that

most

tenth.

The

last famine

putaua,

was

not

so

in

general were

placesmore
priceof grain was as high as a rupee for 8 seers, whereas in 1860"61
for some
time the rate.
that, as implied by its name
athsira,"was
the loss of fodder was
more
However, in 1868-69
generalthan during
was

the

"

the

previousfamine.
Several

relief.

considerable

Amongst

are

the State

the Kankwarf

The

tawar

Sheodau

Sagar.
public garden was
Singh during the last famine.

Bharut

Bikanir.
that

these

buildingsin

seed is not

grass

Mota

sawank

grass

and

these visitations.

seed

the

resource

what

the

their

originto

famine

Fort, and, I believe,the Bakhand decorated by M. R.

laid out

in times

chiefly(at least in

makara, are

owe

of

scarcitythat it is in

and after
localities),
people mostly depend on during
some

100

CHAPTER

REVENUE

AND

VI.

EXPENDITURE.

the fiscal year begins on


the 1st of
is now
month
used, as the intercallary

IN Ulwur

September.

year

of the

much

sioned
occa-

revenue

and

expenditurefrom

"

Ordnance, Commissariat, and Miscellaneous


Repair Department.
is a charge for permission to
of grass
from
runds, and the return
carry off bundles
by Forest Department.
Bagarbach
is a charge for exemption from
labour
in runds.

t Farohi

calendar
year

inconvenience.

The following is a statement


of the
September 1, 1874, to September 1, 1875:

inflicted

The

Sambat

from

the

sale

of

strayed

cattle ; also

fines

The

here; the minor


noticed

are

Land

of

principalheads

Customs

The

"

expenditurewill be
connected with
directly

more

touched
the

on

palace

Darbar."

Regarding

Revenue.

and

revenue

establishments

under

102

the Land

Revenue,

in 1868-69

contract

IY.
Then

grainand

levied so
taxed, internal duties were
Customs.
that goods could not be conveyed from
to
one
pargana
did
and
toll
clear
that
not
another without
one
paying toll,
another,so
the same
goods might have to pay several times.
In 1869-70, when
grain dues were
temporarilyabolished,but the
contracted for was
Rs. 90,500.
same
system prevailed,the sum
In 1870-71
reforms were
begun, and a check on collections by means
252

counterfoils was

of passes

and

which

base

to

Now
pays
been

other articles

Appendix
120,000.

see

Rs.

was

had

action

except in the case


annas),and yet the

The

railway seems
spiteof the loss

of salt

details of customs,

the

The

"spiritdrunk

see

pie

on

whole, to
which

"

abolished

253

been
was

raised from

duties
has been

2^

for Rs.

benefit the customs

on
pleted.
com-

Grain

to 29.

internal

sold

was

annas

have
duced,
re-

to

135,000.

revenue

in

it entails.

Trade."

is distilled from
were

from

maund

of system

the articles still taxed

for 1873-74

of transit dues

Customs

reduced

(which has

contract

For

been

of

the tariff

likely,on

sufficient information

obtained,a change

have

fee
registration

only a
entirelyabolished

After

instituted.

been

articles taxed

the

were

in

"gur" (molasses)water, and

1877, see agreement, page

192.

the

(
of

Dark

kikar

the

103

That

(Acacia arabica).

the strongest is sold at 8

annas

sold

bottle,the

is of two

weaker

qualities,

at

Abkari.
annas.

brands.

privatestills and

have

Thakurs

single contractor,who

disposed of to a
appoints sub-contractors.
of shops open.
have

been

Account

has

Canals
Revenue

has

There

dwelt

reference

"

only

licence to sell

about

pays
not

under

on

The

been

Rs. 7000
check

any

Irrigation."

to the

the

on

The

Siliserh and

liquor is
it, and

for

number

entry

in

the

the
Canals.

_,,
Ghat

i
canals.

Salt

yieldsa

very

small

revenue

it is touched

under

on

"

Mines

Minerals."
The

and
Salt.

appliesto iron furnaces.

remark

same

iron furnaces.

sixty-fivegardens belonging to the Raj. Two are inside


in the
the city walls, twenty-seven in the environs, one
in
in
the
the
two
Bansiir,
Tijara,
Kishengarh pargana, two
in the Govindgarh, three in the Lachmangarh, six in the Thana
one
Ghazf, twenty in the Rajgarh.
in 1874-75
1150
the revenue
In the aggregate they cover
acres
; and
from them, exclusive of the value of produce consumed
the
by
Raj, was
Rs. 14,500, and the cost Rs. 20,900.
A few years ago they yielded less than a third of this sum.
of the gardens around
Bannf
The
Bilas,and many
Ulwur, are well
watered
from the SfHserh Canal ; and, owing to this abundance
of water,
combined
with the richness of the soil,are very productive. The
Bannf
it
of the finest gardens in North India ;
Bilas is one
150 acres, and
covers
for
for its fine drives,ornamental
and
its profusion
is remarkable
trees,
of fruits,
flowers,and vegetables. The peaches are the best I have ever
very fine and good. All the
mangoes
seen, and the Bombay and Malwah
the
Ulwur
ordinary fruits are produced in
gardens,and amongst them
There

are

strawberries
Of

"

Banyans
The

in

vegetables, the

"arm,"
"

sometimes

koela"
"

of

"

and
"

and

great plenty.

finest

the

are

ghiya."
"

karelas

The

also

are

land,usuallywood

cucurbitaceous
"

leguminous,

kinds, known
sim

"

and

as

tordi."

"

remarkably good.

and

reserves, which
fifty-fivein

are
regarded
special property of the Darbar, are
w
an"igame
They are termed
number, and 367,758 Wghas in extent.
bannfa.
runds, and those in which wood alone is preserved,
in Thana
Ghazf
Tahsfl, are let to the neighbouring
Some, especially
for the large quantity of grass prohas no
the Darbar
as
use
villages,
duced
as

tracts

grass

the

part of the

in that

The

number
In

the
area

In

of runds
Ulwur

state.

and

Tahsil

follows

bannis

are

as

there

are

17, having

"

total

of

Ramgarh

Settlc

biRahs

151,668
.

x5,

area

1,853

104
Runds

In
"

Lachmaugarh

3,

Tijara

4,

Bahror

2,
2,

"

Kishengarh

Bansiir

Govindgarh
Thana

Rajgarh

Six of these runds

are
kept
regarding each wood and
Office. A boundary
in the Revenue
Survey.

these

reserves

established

were

The

State.

Bakhsh.

head

of this

number

of

37,765

"

,,

"

"

82,510
74,008

Raj cattle.
will be found
was

by M.
west

recorded

made

ment
by the Settle-

R.

Partap Singh.

and

exist

of

south-west
in

all

parts of

is

department
Darogha Sheo
(mutasaddis) keepers
for the protection and
(phirwAls)maintained

at

person
him

Under

the

"

125

of each

map

reserve

grass

1,567

"

886

They comprise a large portion of the hilly tract


from
the above,reserves
the city; but, as appears
the

12,858

"

exclusivelyfor the

Details

of

1,
12,
9,

Ghazf

"

Most

2,

"

"

bfglias.

2,048

area

2,472

Katumbar

,,

Settle,

....!,..."

"

,,

Bannfs.

and

are

writers

and
(rtindias),

rangers

management of the reserves.


Plough wood is usuallygiven gratis,but old ploughs have
back

Disposal of
wood.

and

fodder

by

reserve

and

is collected

certain amount

given

of

grain and
the neighbouring villagesof each

cesses

from

the forest officials.

for other

Wood

small

to be

agricultural
purposes

is

suppliedat

the

followingprices:
"

Es.

Clod-leveller

of

"

stand

Well-wheel
"

Mahchak,

which

on

Where

wood

Uncut

fuel

"

(Mez) of

babul

"
.

has

khejra"
(Ddhna kacha)
(Ddhna pakka)
the well-masonry
stands (Dhak

been

"

suitable for charcoal

charged to

abounds
the

An.

.14

Rs. 2

railway

at

the best wood


an

axe

from

is levied
Rs. 2-8

.08
.50
.28
for

this) 5

from
to

the cutters.

Rs. 10

the

100

maunds.

grainper bigha has been taken, and the same, plusa bundle
erection for crop-watchers.The village chamars
donchi,"
a
supply
shoes to the rangers, for which they receive the bark of trees in exchange. Rangers,
of marriages, and
occasions
they have other
on
"c., also get food from villagers
where
wood
to vary in different places. In some
localities,
advantages, which seem
and pricesare
is near, cesses
and where no considerable town
lower than
is plentiful,
those mentioned, and
people are allowed to cut wood for burning lime and for other
times
Villagersare usuallynot prohibitedfrom pickingup dead wood, but somepurposes.
the
allowed
wood
servants
about
6
maunds
and
is
at
it
sold
are
Raj
rupee.
leaves from
the reserves
dhdk
for marriages,
"c., but specialpermissionhas in each
For

fencing,5

of fodder

case

to be

for

seers

"

obtained.

of

or

(
The
"

kinds

Forests"

of

105

trees, plants, and

grasses

have

been

and

detailed
about

under

their

uses
something
"Vegetable Products,"
added.
value
comparative
The arrangements for cutting and storing the grass vary.
In some
half.
In some
the cutting
placesthe zamindars employed to cut it receive
is apportioned off to certain neighbouringvillages,who
receive on
an
the
1
Us.
for
maunds
25
on
Occasionally
completing
operation.
average
the cuttingis performedthrough a contractor.
sustained from the jungle fires in the hills,
Heavy losses are frequently
which spread to ricks in their neighbourhood.
For Nazul, see "Administration," page
115.
The Ulwur
well maintained
stables were
Of the
by the late Chief.
16
3
of
Walers.
The
best
the
riding-horses, are Arabs,
remainder
out of country mares
are
by Kattiawar and Arab
of sugar, ghee, and
sires. The cost, owing partlyto the large allowance
milk to the foals and best horses,and partlyto general mismanagement,

and

and

in the time

was

The

of the late Chief

reserved

for the

friends

the second

them

in

are
riding-horses

kept

are

stables

have

of the

use

in

present number

twice what

classes.

three

stables

is 99

near

the

for

them

Khdssa

and

built

it is at present.
The
first includes
those
and

Chief,called Kkdssa,
all the

third contains

and

been

about

palace in the
the

near

first

kept

those

inferior horses.

city,but

fine

of

spacious

breeding paddock.

class,20 second

for his

Most

Their

class,160 third

class.
68 in number
are
: 14
Walers, the rest country.
are
carriage-horses
in the citycontains 48
They are kept in the city. A large coachhouse
The

carriagesof various kinds,all of the European style; some


Amongst them is an old one presentedto Maharao
war
Singh by Lord Lake.
The breeding stud consists of 8 stallions and 75 mares.
Just

(1876) the

now

The

stallions

are

"

foals number

1 fine

are

very

some.
hand-

Rajd Bakhta-

107.

thoroughbredEnglishhorse,1 Arab,

tiawar,
5 Kat-

1 Waler.

Waler, 6 Kattidwar, 62 Ulwur bred.


and foals.
are
paddocks recentlyestablished for the mares
The stallions stand in a walled-off portion of one.
The
foals now
run
wild, and so develop their hoofs and muscles, instead of being tied up, as
was
formerly the practice.
All are said to be of
27 elephants at present maintained.
There are
The

mares

There

Arab,

are

3 fine

the Silthet breed.

This is held to be rather

for such

Ulwur.*

State

as

small

number

(
Cows
and
bullocks.

There

the

are

106

followingcattle

at

present

"

274, of which

Kana

Kath
f Rath

Bullocks

of the

I Cart

49

are

imported

Nagorf

breed.

90

( 1st class,203)
Cows

34V

" 2d

408
.

(3d

171

394

Calves
Buffaloes

186

buffaloes

Young

143
.

14,of which there

Stallions

2 ;

are
Nagori,
Gujaratf,6 ; Agra

bred, 1
There

Camels.

In the

breedingstud

She

about

are

1448

country, 5.

camels.

"

497

camels
.

Sdnds,

or

covering

622

Young
working

For

for

males

"

(Maharaja'sprivate)
or
riding
Burden-bearing
1. Khdssa

2. Sawdfi

193

122

the
always kept ready for use, the rest roam
from
lage
hills during the rains,and afterwards
village to vilthey are taken
Over
there
each
20
each
at
to graze, staying only one
place.
day
each 200.
is a keeper, called a " Gwdl ; " and a " Thokd"r
over
were
Formerly there was no separate body of police. The Thanadars
About

camels

50

are

"

ill-paid,and the men


irregularlyfrom the forts.

under

very
Police.

them

Thanadars

from

the forts have

been

to Us.

formed

higher pay than they got as garrison


Superintendent of Police has been appointed, who,
supervisingthe regular police,looks after the predatoryclasses,
into

sepoys.

besides

An

the

best

separate service

men

from

receive

now

Us. 30

40, and

obtainable

borrowed

were

on

efficient

Chaukfdars, who are also often Minas.


a month.
pay
pay and perquisitesof the villageChaucalled
kfdars, formerlyeked out by a precariousblack-mail on merchandise
"
Dhultirhi"
are
now
on
a secure
basis,a stipendderived from local cesses

who

are

His

Mfnas

chiefly; and

is Us. 100

having
For

Court."

taken

the

the

The

place of

statistics of crime

the black-mail.
and

the

work

of

the

police,see

"

Criminal

(
The

is

army

classes

composed

107

ing
of the followartillery,
cavalry,and infantry

of

Army.

"

Pathans
Shekhs
1860
292

Ulmir

Foreign

630

Saiyads
Moghals

Musalinans

650

320

140
.

360

Khdnzddas

"

Meos

12

Others

40
800

Nanikas

Chauhdns

2342
546

Ulwur

Rdjputs
Foreign

Shekhdwats

150

Dahas

130

Bankawats

100

Others

758

Brahmins
Other

Ulwur

172

Hindus

Foreign

"

150

Bargiijars

"

1580

600
200

Rdhtor

"

3 Eurasians

870

Naiks

250

Giijars

170

Minds

150

Others

315
Total

The

detail of corps

Horse

"

Camel
Foot

"

Foot

18

"

28

"

with

181 men,

1 Nakdi

Rissdlas.

1695

"

guns

equipped. Pay

and

Rissdla

Paltan, 605

to

(abouthalf Rdjputs)and

men

men

"

men

one-fourth

are

men

most

"

numerous

in

and

fair order.

of which

of
and

of which

Rs.

5 to Rs. 5-8.

numerous.

3065
men
garrisons,
are
Rajputs, of

Shekhs

Pay
rank

file from

Musalman,
chiefly

"

Rs. 15.

Pay

one-fourth
Rajptit,

Khdnzddas.

1300
most

horses.

horses.)

nearlyall Musalman,

"

nearlyhalf are
Bakhtdwar
Paltan,356
fort

Rs. 5-6.

(Shekh,Pathan),one-third Brahmins.

Paltan, 350

Shekhs

(chiefly
Rajputs,of which Nariikas
1295 horses.
(Horsessuppliedby

men

Rs. 4-10

101

"

Rs. 5.

with
one-third),

about

Musulman

34

61

(Furnish and keep own

Khds

with

"

"

Rajput

Fatah

men,

equipped. Pay Rs. 5.


one
guns equipped. Pay Rs. 6.
(chieflyBrahmins
(Zarnburaksor camel-guns) 100 men
Rs.
with
4
70
Musalmans),
Pay
chiefly.Some on
guns.
"

Raj.) Pay

"

follows

Rs. 6, per mensem.


60 men, with 2 guns

form

INFANTRY.

as

companies are

(chiefly
Musalmans).

ARTILLERY

CAVALRY.

and

6795

500

Pathans

Pay

of which
which

245

Nanikas
and

Brahmins
are

the

most

from

Rs.

Rs. 3 and Rs. 7.

to

about
artillerymen,

are

and

700

are

the

Musalmans, of which

numerous,

Rs. 3

Chauhdns

with

but
chiefly,

218
some

guns

tween
be-

(
Bahadar

Naiks
Khas

or

83

levy

men.

62

Sultan
Barchi

ka bera

Singh

108

(spearmen)
half Sepoy)
Shikari,
(half
bardar
(M. R's. orderlies)

Minks

Khdnd

Tosha

over

in

are

tahsils

Ex-bardars,

47

"

35
.

"

56
"

13
.

"

(thesefurnish 142 men, they


of small jagirdars,
bound
fact a kind
to bring footmen
of horse for the Raj service.
They are employed in
and forts).

Sepoys holding land,


instead

"

"

"

bardAr

called bardars,30

drawing

now

tahsils and

Jagirhorse,which

forts,41
serve

Rs.

at

pay

month, also employed

in

men.

for six months

in the year, 601

men.

composing this force consider that they have an hereditary


training,and organization
right to service and pay ; and the arms, discipline,
it
the same
of the troops is for the most
as
part probably much
The

men

generationsago.

two

was

The

given

for the most


are
part very old.
guns
to the Darbar
by the British Government

of the

most

ones

are

of brass, cast

six-pounders,and

larger than
work
can
artillery

are

guns

recent

more

The

their guns

Four

at Ulwur.

much

most

were
light ones
mutinies, but

after the

None

of

the

smaller.

well
sufficiently

for the

purposes

of

the Darbdr.
of the

drilled,as also are the regularregiments.


The
rest are
exception of about 400 percussion-lock
ment,
muzzle-loading muskets purchased by the State from the British Governall of an antiquated description.
the arms
are
The
Imtiyazis are a favoured class,getting from Rs. 30 to Rs. 90.
They are *persons who have been so provided for usually on
Pensioners,
of family claims.
account
imtiy"zis,
They are supposed to have a
and
their services are
available for emmilitary standing,
ployment
in the army
but
have
duties.
or
elsewhere,
usually they
no
few

cavalry are
With

not.

the

There

are

called

"

called

"

The

few

persons

included

pay

publicworks department
Rs. 300

Public

"

Administrative

Establishment,"

Rozinadars," who have no fixed duties ; and fewer still who are
pensioners,"and receive a small allowance.
Kothi
Dasahra
is the department which
supplies all kinds of
clothes,cloth tents, carpets, and is under a specialsuperintendent,
whose

The

under

month.

varies from
is under

The

50

to Rs.

100

scientific engineer,who

It has done much

works.
m.

Rs.

mouth.
receives

during the last few

years.
J

under

it work
the precious metals,
in
(kdngars)
and
wood.
copper, iron,brass,ivory,
The
silver and gold-smiths are
nine in number, and
receive from
Rs. 4-8 to Rs. 30-8.
They engrave and work skilfullyin gold and silver,

artisans

(
The

annual

average

charge to

no

the State per

Rs. 50-2.

was
prisoner

Rs. 17-6-3.
average annual earningper prisonerwas
The total earningsof the prisonersfor the year was
Rs. 7739-8.

The

The

average

annual

The

average

annual

cost for diet per prisonerwas


Rs. 16-8.
cost of clothing
and bedding was
Rs. 3-5.

:
jailguard consists of the following
Subadar, 1 ; Havildars,6 ;
Sepoys, 119; Bhisties,3; Jamadar, 1 ; Naik Havildars,
5; Writer, 1;
1.
Khalassu,

The

"

The

cost of the

guard is Rs.

9140

annum.

per

Each

working prisonerreceives dailya


by vegetables.
the occasion

On

of
prisoners
The

every

of

custom

of the birth

favoured.
but
jail,

There

1876, had

been

is now

Half

convicted

1869, all the

released.

certain occasions

is still practised,
so

prisonersin
jailin February

10th, 1876),out of the 502

the sentenced

of

were

in

son

exercised in the selection of those to be

(March

now

are

untried.

46

of the late Chiefs

kind, 470 in number,


releasingprisonerson

but discrimination

grain and pulse,varied

of

seer

robbery or

prisonersin
theft of

some

the

kind.

Thus

"

ous
frequent,but thefts are at present much more numerthere
has
been
than
a great improveterritory,
although
ment
of
former
state
the
on
things.
is situated at Rajgarh, occasionallycoins a few
The mint, which
native rupees, called
Hali," but the advantageof a single
Mint
and
coinage.
which
is sure
in
the
and
that one
not to be
State,
coinage
felt ; so that the
debased, and which is current outside it,is generally
The
almost
British copper
is now
British rupee
exclusivelyin use.
be
convenient
than the
also acknowledged to
coins are
more
infinitely
tions
takkas,"which representedawkward fracheaps of cowries and heavy
of an anna,* and the value of which was
always fluctuating.
So,

Homicide

in

is not

British

"

"

4 cowries
2

gandas(3 dams)

ganda.

1 damri.

4 damris

1 adhela.

2 adhelas

pice

From

18 to 23 takkas

pice.

1 takka.
1 rupee.

(
September

between
coin
to

has

of

State

the

purchased

latter

the

The

been

Baniyas

Rs.

have

prefer

classes

more

cowries,

and

the

There

only

are

General's

Agent

Jaipur.

The

old

takka,"

vakils

two

of

pay

the

except
of

agents

or

Rajputana,

of

pies

take

not

and

the

vakils

is

has

this

Pies

full

their

at

sellers

the

Darbar,
with

of

80

grass

Rs.

to

with

used,

but

believe

no

fuel.*
the

Governor-

of

Resident

the

are

and

one

should

par

value.

profit

circulation.

at

pice

copper

at

in

put

as

of

State

portion

any

as

Rs.

been

well

the

other
from

the

by

back

receive

to

requires.

will
"

of

worth

30,000

Government

whole

ready
it

Rs.

1874,

1st,

British
The

always
than

prefer

now

the

cent.

per
is

October

and

from

25

Treasury

public

1873,

1st,

111

150

month.
There

in

376

are

Kacherri

Rs.

The

is

rest

of

made

to

is

Rs.

officials.

in

and

to

These

total

almost

all

the

passing

from

This

ceased

in

grants

in

vary

aid

from

Rs.

there

was

large

was

putanawa

2500.
is about
gry,
hun-

and

even

up

to

funeral

and

marriage
Rs.

For

Bihdrijf,

present
Radha

Ulwur

currency

Goviudji,

see

Brij

agreement,

Nandji,

the

Mungana

expenses

3000,

rnora

email

for

Gifts,
or

en-

1868.

A.D.

of

blind,

lame,

dole

Raj

North,

temples

on

tahsils

the

Rs.

receives

spent
halt,

Lachmangarh

at

grants

the

religious

re-

Rajgarh
sum

favoured

bazaar

Ulwur
at

and

28,000,

travellers

devoted

The

Dwarka

at

the

temple

sums.

Mathura.

sum

deoji

small

in

so

the

in

Ranis

by

One

temple

Govind

Formerly,

numerous

towards

each.

3000

receive

travellers

the

Barah
This

in

built

temples

The

temples.

to

three, f

Jagannath

7000.

for

and

these,

the

distributed

Rs.

dole

benefit

and

Brahmins

Rs.

the

Brahmins

about

ka

receive

600,

40,000.

daily

Of

3600,

receives

to

number,

square,
Rs.

ceives

Rs.

allowances

are

all

page
to

Sri

193.

Khrishu.

"c.

CHAPTER

VII.

METEOROLOGY

rainfall

THE

of the

From

1st

last

five

Ulwur

at

years

1871

April

SANITATION.

AND

March

31st

to

has

been

follows

as

1872

"

inches.

15'48
.

1872

1873

34-68

"

1873

1874
.

be

may

said

country

that

hilly portion,

offer

the

has

open,

its harder

continuous

29-20

with

soil.

the

in

its

pleasing change

is 1000

feet

above

just

months

to

the

rains

the

city

of

the

State, where
lower

residents

"

Speaking

temperature.

rocks, and

burning
the

of

part of the

hot

During

statistics

northern

27-38.
"

1876
"

no

region

higher

points

that

and

east

of

the

below.

plain
is at

Ulwur,

soil is

light

and

the

than

the

it

cool,

are

with
and

fort, which

upper

quite

season

of

west

hills

The

it

generally,

temperature

average

the

in the

five

years,

23-18
.

1875
are

"

1875
"

There

for

22-05

"

1874

Average

"

agreeable

an

sanitarium.
The

State

generally
The

Diseases.

There

are

Kajgarh.

trees, and

round

furnished

with
the

treated

at

1874.

There

year

three

That

1874.

is

healthy,

following

at

it

has

were

23

major

and

has

1584

commodious

female

appliances.

report

They

State.

and

dispensaries

official

the

in the

comprises
male

all necessary
three

is from

dispensaries
Ulwur

particularly the

more

The
risen
minor

for

average

from

"

of

Ulwur,

Tijara,

buildings

in-patients,
daily

183*69

portion.

at

are

set

ward

northern

in

number
1871

operations performed

and

arranged

and
of
to

is well

patients
218-8

during

in
the

There

alone

23,910

were

said

are

be

to

vaccinations

in

opposed

openly

"3

to

1874

it,

against
and

7299

occasionally

in

Rajputs

1871.

real
Vaccination.

...

of

appreciation
In
but
both

in

local

Lachuiangarh

exceptionally
buffaloes

..

it

few

very

special

wallow.

common.

is

manifested.

localities,

complaints

Kanwari

are

for
not

Bahror,

and
The

people

often

instance,

the

complained

villages
attribute

where
it

drinking
There

of.

guinea
to

the

dirt

worm

of

is

water

are,

bad

however,

is

said

tanks

in

to

which

be

CHAPTER

VIII.

ADMINISTRATION.

FOR

the

Government

administration

of

Revenue

Agent

arise.

The

who

members

in

sat

Mangal

the

Singh

Singh

Garhi

Thakur
;

the

appeals

consists
500

1876)

of

Singh

which

Rupnarain,

"

Political

was

and
vision,
super-

importance
Pundit

are

four

month.

general

of

of

Appellate

the

exercises

questions

Impey

Baldeo

In

hears

Agent

Thakur

Rao
;

Srichandpura

acts

as

of

official, who

an

from

appeals

Rs.

to

up

Session

Gopal

his

1000,

Rs.

Civil, and

500

Nazul

years' imprisonment,

two

regards

as

receives

Criminal,

the

involving

cases

property

Court

by

over

criminal

affecting

cases

He

presided

He

month.

courts.

other

is

Court

Appellate

final.

to

council

Pai.

of

The

and

Captain

when

council
of

all

Chief,

Rs.

from

expenditure,

the

council

300

(September

present

at

This

Rs.

hears

decides

usually

and

considers

It

ordinary

sanctions

Court,

from

of

minority

appointed.

was

President.

is

the

during

receive

who

members,
Political

The

State

the

of

decision

is

beyond

cases

ordinarily

the

of

power

Fanjdar.
The

Court

Revenue
w^"

Malsadar,"

"

or

is

presided

superintends

generally

by

over

Collector,

Deputy

connected

everything

with

the

Revenue

Court.

zamindars

against
aided

"c., and

by

work

of

out

statistics

also
for

the

of

hands

the

suits

based
lent

money

of

work

it

is the

head

the

enable

Revenue

has

land

pay

settlement

has

the

during
would

be

hears
of

their

to

The

lately done

claims

and

them

Court

He

revenue.

mortgages

on

to

collector.

deputy

assistant

an

especially the

more

revenue,

land-rent,

He

taken

that

years

for

is

much

so

four
value

no

for

money-lenders

revenue.

last

of

suits

general

comparison.
The

Faujdar

Court.

fine

imprisonment
who

Tahsildars,
Rs.

20.

There

The

have

following

or

is
to

power

is the

Rs.

ordinarily

Rs.
of

30

Court.

Criminal
and

year's imprisonment

Criminal

months'

the

of

no

fine.

appeal

imprisonment

criminal

fine, or

300

The

statement

He
one

from

Faujdar
up

to

for

year

his

month

1874-75.

more

sentences

hears

one

to

sentence

can

appeals
and

one

in

lieu

up

to

from
fine

of
six

the
up

to

In
was

3090

was

department which has charge


and about the cityof Ulwur, and

is the

the state in

of the

originalseat
number

stolen,aggregatingUs. 57,000.

about

repairat

presentchiefs of Ulwur.

730, of which

Raj

expense,

In

491

property

10,230.

recovered,aggregatingUs.
This

in

property

cases

115

about

and

480

are

of the
at

to
buildingsbelonging,

Rajgarh, the
buildings

Nazul.

These

at Ulwur.

latelyattempts have

160

been

of these

made

in the

are

kept

Public

Department to introduce a system of check on this expenditure. It


of State claims,and colaccount
also takes charge of buildingsattached
lects
on
and
and
examines
affirms
titles
the Raj tax on sales of dwellingplaces,
such sales.
to such propertybefore sale is recognised. It likewise registers
and Rajgarh are in the hands of
The Raj buildingselsewhere than at Ulwur
There
is a Superintendentof this department against
Court
the Revenue
Works

whose

decisions

an

Rent

of

lies to the

appeal

Department for 1874-5

was

AppellateCourt.

The

income

"

504

buildings
w

and
Registration

titlesfees in Ulwur

and

Rajgarh

5844

of the

(
The

officer

who

presides

there

is

The

for

usually

in

value

has

Court

hear

to

power

amount

may

to

1873-74

have
the

hear

to

The

Court.

In

50.

officer

judicial

The

power

Civil

Rs.

exceeding

cases

appeal.

no

Tahsildars
them

Appeals

to.

civil

all

be

can

cases

receives
to

up

following

is

the

below

cases

Rs.
Rs.

that

300

of

statement

month.

appeal

An

100.

amount

civil

lies

cases

:"

Treasurer

The

is

both

accountants,

who

merchant,

wealthy

Hindi

watch

Persian,

and

his

appoints
the

agent,

while

disbursements,

and

Treasu

The

account.

which

organise
each

Civil

Court.

made

from

their

whatever

cases

Civil

the

over

116

may

much

heading

budget
be

check

great

readily

pains
is

on

taken.

were

daily

ascertained.

expenditure

added

The

up,

so

is

the

expenditure
extravagance

Budget
up
or

system,
to

erroneous

date

to

under
mates
esti-

Holi ranks second, then


festival. The
principal
of these festivals,
Gangor, then Sdwantij. For generaldescriptions

The

is the

Dasdhra

see

At

"8

Tod's

Rajisthan."
to a garden,where
procession

the firstthere is a

Rawan

"

through. At the Holi the


few at flingingthe
privileged

is gone

playswith

images of

Shiv

Parbatti

and

E. goes
red powder.

carried to several

are

"

M.

the ceremony of killing


out into the streets and
At

the

Gangor the
the
procession,

placesin

for the very prettyfair held on the


lij
attending.
Bakht"war
Sagar tank,during which the Maharaja,after accompanying the
the beautiful
on
image partlyround the tank, seats himself,with his retainers,
chatri or domed
cenotaphoverlookingit.
When
the Maharaja goes out in state he is accompanied by the Mdhi
Mardtib
(orinsigniareceived from Dehli),by the images of Sita Ram, by a
person supportinga gilded umbrella, persons carryingpankhas representing
the sun and moon,
by mace-bearers,morchal or peacock-plume bearers,chonri
or
carryingcurious spears (ballam wdlds),carriers of
yak-tailbearers,men
clubs (ghotawdlds),runners
silver tiger-headed
carryingguns (Mas barddrs),
and ordinaryspearmen
(barchiwdlds).
The
palace librarycontains a collection of Sanscrit works, such as the
Veds, Purans, "c. ; some
magnificentPersian and Arabic manuLibrary
(Pustuk.sdia). gcripts,
illustrated,
illuminated,and bound ; and also
beautifully
of
much
interest and beauty. It was
and
historical
mythological
pictures
established and owes
its treasures to M. R. Banni
Singh. The gem of the
is probablyunsurpassedby
libraryis a Gulistan,which in point of ornament
The

court

book

any

The

in

"

Rajputana.
too, is chieflydue

armoury,

Armoury
(suiah khdnd). Curi0sities.

known

are

to Banni

Singh. It contains swords,


and many
beauty and excellence,
three famous
whose
two
or
are
artisans,
They hold villagesin lieu of pay, and are

shields of great

knives,and

weapons

is remarkable

There

far and

wide.

not natives of Ulwur.

number

A
Camp
and

equipage

boating

"

es-

several boats

up,

with

of double
-r

"

shamianas

grand Darbar
are
kept.
There

illumination*.

are

and

tent

no

Menagerie.

present there

are

singlepole and hill tents


"

"

kinds

various

On

is maintained.

firework-makers

/.

of

small

the lake

are

tents.

kept
^

One

of Silleserh

maintained,but good displays

occasions.

of native fireworks take


The

and
",

placeon
the taste of the
menagerie depends upon
birds, foreignand others,and a
good many

chief.
few

At
wild

beasts.
The

tosha khdna

is the

department for buying and preserving


jewels,State

dresses,dresses of honour, and valuable curiosities of small bulk


not included

other

under

lack of rupees and a necklace of


tosha khdjia also manufactures
or

"

departments. A diamond valued at a


ropes of pearls are its chief glories.The
purchasesperfume for the Darbar, and pro"

foreignfruits,such

cures

jasmine

atar,"and

"

used

little

from

comes

"

"

atar

of

kinds, native

and

manufactured

perfume
The

roses.

keora, or

is chiefly

pine,perfume

screw

Jaipur.

dogs

of various

leopards,lynxes, and

hunting

European;

Jchdna, contains

shikdr

hunting establishment, or

The

The

grapes, "c.

as

Hunting
establishment.

hawks
Wrestlers

in

another

one

paid highly

sometimes

are

famous

having

in Ulwur.

Chiefs

(palihvdns) in

athletes

often

vie

with

their
"Wrestlers.

service.

gunijan Tchdna comprisesthe singersand dancers,and

The

is often maintained

This
who
of

gets

without

The

cooks

direct

as

upon

Brahmins

are

who
official,

an

is looked

dishes before

") tests

by

presidedover

touching, often

Chakku

(called
"

is

in Darbar, and

seat

Gunfjan kh"na.

great expense.

establishment

importance.

mans,

at

they are

ROMOIOT
Kitchen,

Musal-

preparation of
served

styled Diwan,

person

Nais.

and

the

is

lest

dishes.

they should

taster

contain

poison.
ARISTOCRACY.

The
in

old

the tracts which

aristocracyof
their ancient

preserve

principalold

prestige; and

Naruka

families

alreadydetailed (see page


the

was

and
"

the

that

the

chief ; and
"

twelve
As

of

two

the

It

Lalawat

of the
"

of which
of

the Narukas

Kallian

from

Singh's

Raja

son

the

has been
of

Naru,

Singh belonged;
Singh are called

Kallian

the Maharao

Kallian

south, where

that Lala, eldest

to which

only

extent

to some

in the

originof

descended

families

body

The

state survive

the Chauhans

shown

was

the Ulwur

Narukhand,"

"

Narukas,

of Ulwur,

united

up

of Ulwur

descendants

is the

is called

the

Kotris," and consists of twenty-fiveJagir families.

the

"

twelve

service

be

the

land.
"

10

of

horse

seen

that

horses.

The

the

honour

assembling to determine
Ulwur,
specifythem in detail,
which
furnish to
they respectively

represents about
of the estates

some

being most
regarded as the one
as

"....

r
o

Pdra

.10
.

Thana

"

200

acres

are

very

of cultivated

nearly related
of

highestrank

)
}
j

to

the

Maharao

in the state.

Collaterals of Biiwar.

horses.

"

1
....

"

3
....

Bankri
....

or

Srlchandpura

which

small.

21

Lapala
Salimpur
Monpur

horses.

....

bittana

of

Thakur,

Raja, has been


Jamalpur

had
of

horses

state.

It will be

have
Chief

the number

of

Bijwdr

"

Kotrf

should

persons

togetherwith
the

heads

five thikanas

in

flourish.

13).

of the

ancestor

make

of the state,where

R"ht," in the north-west

"

4
.

Collaterals of Pdra.

Collaterals of Khora.

Collateral of Palwa.

Collaterals of Pal.

Naril

Nanikas,
Dasa

had
and

raised

activityas

son, Dasa

second

to whom
a

in

rebellion

leader ; but

by

he

Amer,

and

prisoner. The

his home,

Dasa

release the

is

togetherand

lines which

had

so

he

merry

touched

the

Rani,
Ek

but

to

come

Sawan

Karam

Chaud,

was

"

He

has

another

him

murdered

at

when
cup

the

sent

for

Chief asked

Dasa,

Dasa

to

and

repeat the

"

passed
is

going

free will devour

Tiger
him."

poison instead of his freedom.


the
of Rao Sangajiwhen
instigation
of

they

kai."

Sawan

One

do.

The

to

bitiyo,
jae
pakriyo

to

Who

son,

lines

sprouted,

Since the Jackal confined the

gave

kept
(Sauwan

he recited others

Ji chorde

And

Raj

Raj
season

him, and, full of pity,begged her husband

Duja Sawan
SiyaleNahar

Pirthwi

his

and

home-sick,

in their cups.

"

Whereupon

records

der."

reluctantly
agreed to

became

"

Dasawat

Pital detains him."

overheard

captive,which

na

pleasantTij has

But

dined

Pirthwi

repeatedthe

has rooted and

seed

corn

And

Raj's wife

gaddi.
page 46)

first festival of the rainy

the

Pital sikh
"The

Chief

the Amer

the

come

Bij charhi lagijari,


Ae Tij a cher ;
Dasa ghara umaya,

"

Pirthwi

whom

couplet(quotedat

captured by

was

legends tell that on


d
isconsolate
he, sitting
tij),
thinkingof
a

(page13),of

name

consignedhis claims to the Amer

Naru

Dasa's
latter

121

strugglingagainst him for the "gaddi" of Anier (see Bfkaufr Gazetteer,"


Chaud
fought well againstthe Sisodias
12). The sons, however, of Karam
page
Man
Man
under
the famous
Singh at the pass of Gogunda * in Mewar, and to some
and
and
the
Lawa
them
the
Ladaua,
Uiiiara,
lauds.
Of
come
family
Singh gave
"

was

other

families

But

of

Jaipur.

estate,and

they

of

stay and

protect them

halting
Maujpur,
peopleof the placeare said to have
As usual in
against the plunderingMeos.

settlements,the

Ram, has

in Ulwur.
position

is

as

high

of

were

Jaipur,and settled
Chauhans

The

them

invited

tradition of

the

the

new

near.

territorystretchingfor

42

under

kos

expelled. The

possessionwere

to

is

tract

the

Garhi

Its

Naruka

are

families called

chiefs from

the invitation of Ulwur

on

necessary

an

the Lach-

establish

to

get

not

in

town

family,descended from Anand


Thakur
Mangal Singh,
present representative,
Management.

Besides the above, there


came

the

in

Nariikhand," and

of the Council

member

built in the hills

was

brought

their sway, and


that still known

"

treasure

the fort of Garhi

said to have

are

who
the Bargnjars,

at

the

say that

legends

discovered, and

Nariikas

The

did
fight,

in the

not

were

Ulwur, the

pargana

family was

who

Ram,
When

Dehli.

off to

set

mangarh
such

and Anand

Ram

two, Abhe

"

Deska," because
home

the old Naruka

they

(des)near

in Ulwur.
of the Raht

claim

connection

with

Pirthwi
Chauhins.

Raj, the famous


One

king

and

hero

is said to have founded

Madan

in descent

Dehli

from

Madan

had

Musalman

and

received

Mandawar,

and

receives

three

of Chand's

Mandawar

sons

the title of

"

in 8.1227

Hansajf,whose

Rao.
of

allowance

poem.

His
Rs.

fifth
(A.D.1170). Halajf,
a
grandson Chand became

representativeis

1 1 00

cash, and

still the

Rao

of

holds

an
on
a village
petual
per(istimrdr).Kanhardeoji,the second, founded the familyof Barod.
His
descendants
hold no istimrdr,but 173 bighasof rent-free land and Rs. 173
now
the youngest, received the title of Raja for services
annual cash allowances.
Raj-deoji
performed. He settled at Nimrana, and when Chand of Mandawar, the head of the
ceased to be regarded as the principal
family,became a Musalman, Manddwar
seat,
but was
supersededby Nimrana.

settlement

The

Raja

determination
Nimrana

of

The

jdgirddrof
The

of the relations between


much

gave

Chief

of Ulwur

the Ulwur

trouble
declared

Darbar

and

the

ment.
British Govern-

the

to

the Ulwur

Nimrana

to be

State,while the Raja of Nimrana

mere

claimed

dependence
complete in-

finaldecision arrived at in 1868, and

agreed to by both parties,


gave the
civil and criminal jurisdiction
within his estate,subjectto
Raja of Nimrana
rules the British Government
might from time to time promulgate,fixed the
tribute he was
Ulwur
to pay
at one-eighthof his land revenue, and the NazcbOn the
rdna, on the occasion of succession to the Ulwur chiefship,
at Rs. 500.
*

For

historian

an

of this

account

Badauni

was

battle

in the

whether
Rajputs,regardless

see

Elliot's Musalman

battle,and

they were

with

friend

other
or

Historians,vol.

Musalmaus

exerted

The
p. 399.
himself
to kill

v.

foe.
Q

122

(
occasions of succession

agreed
maintain

in Nimrana

was

to be

was

to pay

was

The

Rs.

and

578, of 5th
with

18G8).

the Governor-General's

Agent.

entirelyfree,and
tariff for goods going to
regarded as a feudatoryof
estate

A.D.

the

The

clans

or

coming

Ulwur.

sub-clans

was

but

serves

to

Trade

Nirnrana.

no

Nim-

tribute Nimraua

was

1898.
its annual

which

is about

revenue

the

furnish

jagir

fractions of horses represent cash payments,

the horse furnished

were

to have

was

from

The

tillA.D.

1868

and

Chief

the Ulwur

and
comprisesten villages,

24,000.
The
followingshows
horse.

from

June

Nfrnra'na

to be

fixed at Rs. 3000

Nimrana

No.

G.,

vakil at Ulwur

specialcustoms
rana

Nimra'nn, the rules appliedto British feudatories

to

(see G. 0. G-.

to

portionof

the usual time

or

the

"

Horses.

42*
18*
71}
111}
13
41
10
2
4
2

li
3
1
58

73

56*
70
4
33

The

right of being received in Darbar by the Chief standing is greatly


tazim."
Some
tazims
older
are
esteemed, and is called
"

"

"

T"zinis.

than the

State,and

some

have

been

conferred

by

Ulwur

Chiefs.

usuallyheritable.
Of the Jdgirddrs,seventeen
have tdzims,
Twelve Kotri Naruas follows :
kas, Bijwar,Pulwa, Para, Pai, Khora, Thana, Khera, Siichandpura. Ddsdwat Nawkas, Garhi (20 horses). Eahiors, Sal pur (28 horses),
Sukhmeri
(11),
Chamraoli
KankRasulpur (5). Bargujars Taising(4). Gors,
(24). Jddus,
wari (9),Mokandpura (3).
They

are

"

(
Nine

Thakurs

Thakur,

who
or

Rao

Mandawar,

of

The
the

Commander

extinct

Wai,"

"

The

and

descended

their

in

clan, of
Udi

Jaoli

also held
of

by the
Shahbad, the

Mewat, Shekhawats

in

Rajawats
already.

of the south-west.

Of

so

Karan,

(Bansiir
Tahsfl). They are branches
importanceto the north of Jaipur,and they

the

"Wai"

much

the

the

chief

same

of Amer

whom

the Narukas

claim

as

progenitor.

Rai
thus

from

these,the

in

border ; and

settled

are

of the great Kachwaha


are

are

Nawab

of Klianzadas

has been said

enough

Shekhawats

Tdzims

Of

thirteen Brahmins.

the western

on

tdzims.

of the Forces, the Khanzada

consisted
aristocracy

the Khanzadas

holding rent-free grants hold


three villages,
is the chief.

has

Bakshi

123

Mai,

of

son

Shekhji,is

said to

have

been

the father of the

Wai

families,

"

Hal.

Rai

!
r
Snjajf.
(Descendants settled
"

i
Jag Mai.
(Descendants in Hamfrand
Hajipur, of
pur
Bansiir.)

Bealisi,"pargana

Tej Mai.
(Descendantsin

in

pur and

of

Bansiir.)

parganas

Garhi
of

Narain-

Mamur,

Bansiir.)

Mahal," destroyedby Partap Singh,from


Narainpur the ruins of a fine old
in
the
old
number) used, it is said,to
palkees(a common
which,
days, fifty-two
good
issue,attest the former importanceof the family. Near the ruin is a shrine,an ancient
Swami"
of which prophesiedthe rise of the Narainpur family; and beside it the
considered to typifyand
in its growth and decay was
remains
of a Kejra tree, which
indicate the rise and fall of the Shekhawat
family,which now holds little or no land
assessed.
in jagir. Their villages,
however, have been lightly
"

At

"

The
ruled

Raja Bhagwant

Rajawats, descendants

of

tract which

forms

in the

now

the

Singh

Ghazi

Thana

of Amer,

formerly

Tahsil ;

cityand palacesand temples at Bhangarh.


is a touching spectacle(see Bhangarh).
Though now
only cultivators in
extent their
villages,
theyretain much of their noble bearing,and to some
many
social position.The
Rajawat cultivators always hold their land at favourable
rates (seeThana
Ghazi).
and

the ruin of their

OFFICIALS.

Of officialfamilies
Gor

Brahmins

Rajas,and
Missar.
Ulwur
The

put

something lias been


on

the tillak or

officiate at their
Pdrik

Brahmins

Vishnu

house,but

are

also Gurus.

frontal mark

marriages. They
of Macheri, the

at the accessions of Ulwtir

bear

old

the title of

home

of

the

of the Darbar.
parohitsor familypriests
is
the
Kama
Gosain of
hereditaryGuru or spiritual
guideof
of
of
devotee
and
follower
a Jogi,or
a
Shiv,
Shakti, or
Devi,

family,are

the

said in the Historical Sketch.

the

124

(
There

regularlymaintained, but the descendants of many


Charan
bards hold villages
in the state.
Several of these were
conferred by Maharao
Singh* and Banni Singh.
Rajas Bakhtawar
The
latter,however, gave only one as a reward for clever rhymes. M. R.
Sheodan
Singh confiscated several Others, formerlyconferred by Shekhawats
in Bansur, are
held on copper-plate
deeds of grant several hundred
years old.
have
families which
the privilegeof receivingthe
There
Charan
two
are
elephantsridden by the chief at his marriage.
about 200.
The
household
A good
slaves,or Khdwds
Chelas, number
are

bards

no

deal has been said regarding this class in the

"

Bikanir

Gazet-

01

teer."

titleof"

known

Though

is

Khawas," whjch

generallyas
honourable

an

"

chelas,"the special

Khawas

distinction

enablingthe

bearer

rent
by only five. Ramu, the faithful minister and adheand Banni
of M. R. Bakhtawar
Singh, is the slave most distinguishedin
was
historyof the State. His family hold a valuable rent-free grant. KhaSheo
Baksh, Superintendent of stables,woods, "c., is at present the

sit in Durbar, is borne

to

the

mark.

chela of most

1870, the Council

in

When,

assignedfor

the expenses

of Administration
of the

palace,the

and
established,

was

fixed

late chief

neglectedto supply
of the household
to a number
maintenance
slaves,who appliedto the Political
of support. The
Council
thought the opportunitya
Agent for the means
good one for permanently reducing the number of slaves in the palace,and so
the cause
of much
evil.
It
far diminishing the servile influence which was
was
consequentlydetermined that the complaining chelas should either leave
Fort garrisonsepoys.
This
the service of the State, or enter the army
as
resented as a cruel wrong.
They
attempt to confer freedom upon them was
leave it they
to live in the cityof Ulwur, and
had always been accustomed
It was
declared they would
not.
only after a long time, and after every
of
the
decision
Council had failed,
the
that they partially
effort to change
yielded.
sum

The

Bakhtdwar
stricken

story told of one


Singh began the

always
It

turned

set aside

that

out

on, instead

came

When

parts

all was

of

gone

Raja's relief work,

the

regularlyset

apart

without

he

had

been

for

in the

begging.

displayedand evoked,
of

their

master
of

habit

subjectingthemselves

disgrace of

Deorajpura.

the

to

Bakhtslwar
that he

fine tank

it.

of the

the

flour which

head

kept

him

manual
was

at

of

his

enabled

were

fraction

of

receiving,and

Singh

noticed

He

terrible

famine, M. R.

the

Fort, and

that

of

they

body

it

so

labour

people in

received

to

earn

equal

enabled

to
him

search
their

the

famine-

Marwdr

lagers
vil-

pay
Charan.

the
the

famine

to his

ryots.

food.

of

When

dailybread, they

fraction

and

the

in lieu of

reserved

and

the

under

for their master


part was
villageheld by a Charan, who, when
grain into gold,gave the whole of it

they belonged to a
turning his stored
he left his villageat

they reached
which

that

interesting. During

upon

proportion

said

is

of the

employed

fixed

grants

construction

were

questioned they

when

and

all

from

of these

his

untrained

of

the

family to

crop
live

the
they
to,
had
pleased with the generositythe Charan
Ulwur, and eventually he received the village
so

were

or

to

PART

FISCAL

THE
Ulwtir

State

where

hand,"

and

"

is situated

of

part

of

parts

"

the

In

Brij

added

be

Most
"

and

"

The

fiscal
will

found

at

"

the

of

Kasim
Tii"ra

the

the

the

in

now

the

123.

are,

and

the

tirely
en-

Raja-

Ulwur

State.
which

corner,

Bhartpur,

old

and

the

its

believe,

Narukas

territory of that

and

Wai,"

"

121.

south-east

Naruk-

"

121,

page

too, lies beyond


in

of

is

together with

State.

tracts

comprised

within

specified at

were

39, and

page

statistical

DIVISIONS

Gurgaom

and

Jaipur,

the

TAHSILS.

OR

district

Ulwur

of

Tahsil

British
of

territory,Kot

Kishengarh

It

is

Tahsil.
.,

and

extent,

has

kanungoes,

is

There
The

are

composed

the

199

fiscal
Caate

formerly

and

formerly Indor

.-"

the

of

""

heart

""-"*-

of

population of about

Tahsil

The

.a

situated

202.

of

principal

187.

page

of

pages

in the

present subdivisions.

Tahsils

adjoins the

Tijara Tahsil

the

country?)

Tahsils, the

the

with

is

forms

NORTHERN
The

"

Mewat,

establishment

at

on

country

of Mewat,

Dang

or

the

included

described,

(savage

of

Kater

"

account

divisions

be

"

of

are

aristocracyof

dwelt

little district

of

the

following

much

I. ; the

chief

are

Raht

"

Much

Jaipur.

specified together

are

details

in

Kater."

"

country

but

Ulwur,

should

these

page

history

live, was

The

12.

(valley ?) and

in

situated

each

Mewat,

and

Part

of

Thakurs

"Rajawat"

the

Wai

"

The

wats

chief

with

"Eaht,"

Naruka

parts of which,

or

limits

the

beginning

the

at

the

connection

To

specified,and

were

sketched

were

one,

which,

tracts

VILLAGES.

TOWNS,

DIVISIONS,

position of

and

names

IV.

are

as

about

is

257

miles

square

in

52,000.

having separate

parganas,

The

northern

accountants
one

is

or

Tapokra,

Tijara,

(klidlsd) villages,

follows

Proprietors.

two

Mewat,

"

separate tahsildars.

southern,
fiscal

of

and

rent-free

(mnaffi)"

"

Tij"ra.

Tapokra.

Meo

56

65

Ahir

12

10

Jdt

Gujar

total

127

Rajput

Khanzada

14

Pathan

Saiyad

1
1

Mali

Mixed

10

castes

95

104

rhymes are current regarding the


town people. None
are
reputed wealthy.
has been alreadysaid,and I will only add that in
much

Uncomplimentary
character of the
the Meos

Of

clans contend

Tijarathe

are
Boundary quarrels
centre of the bed, not

the

The

old

the four

most

shown
remote

who

The
come

second

much

one

with the other.*

nallah is the boundary,


a
frequent. When
bank, is as a rule the border line.

the most
either

to

page

191.

two-fifths
in Tijaraand Tapokra per Raj bigha (i.e.
prevailing
below. They will not be inserted under every tahsil but onlyunder
from one another,which
will serve
as
specimensof the whole :

rates

revenue

acre)are

an

untranslatable

statisticsregarding
the area, "c., see

For

of

and

Kiiri,Mandtia, Barti, Kangni,

"

and

China

have

the

same

rates

as

Uajra.

Dangal Ghaserfas, who springfrom Rasiua in Gurgaom, and the Landhdwats,


from
Baghor of Tijara,are the two chief clans ; the first to the north, the
the south. They did not unite,though they rebelled iu 1857, during the mutiny

128

(
The

soil of the

is in the

There

TijaraTahsil is for the

south-west.

The

chief crops

land
is littleirrigated

most

Bajra and

are

grown

poor, the best land

part very

inferior

pulses

culturable land is of very littlevalue.

the uncultivated

(masina),and

in

Tijara,less

twelve per cent, of the whole.

than

The

bandh
darn of the
or
supplieswater to the principal
It
that under the fort and palaceof Balwant
little
than
covers
a
tahsll,
Singh.
more
1000
Settlement bighas in ordinaryyears; and the land within and near
the bandh
is of the best quality. The
from
this
bandh
stream
be
at
can
flowing
pleasure
of a
stopped by the dam
bridge of the Ulwur Tijara road and carried by means

drainageof

hills to the east

the

canal,constructed

probablethat
reachingthe
The

land

the

into

will

the

years

allowed

new

south-west

farther

but

bandh

of

the town.

for
utilised,

it is

It is

capable of

reaches the bed of the Lindwa.

along its

to pass

north-west, whence

latelybeen

has

bandh

the

to

if undiverted

and
villages,

stream, when

to

rund

state

hereafter be much

of Shahbad,
large village

ordinary

where

1873,

of many

Tijara bandh

Tijarato
in

in

this water

natural

channel,flows past
of Tijaraturns
it

of the town

west

it flows

past the

constructed,from

which

of Mandana,
village

much

is

expected. At

Baghor on the Tijaraand Firozpur road a dam bridgehas been latelymade, intended
but to benefit the distressed village
of Baghor,and
not to bringin revenue
directly,
to facilitate traffic between
Small band/is exist but
Firozpur,Tijara.and Khairthal.
often require repairsor
renewal
at Bhindiisf, Bilaspur,Deotana, Chaondi, and
Nimli.
In the
much

small

with

might
The

which

is worth

village
Nogaon requiresattention.
apt

very

at

be

to

several

broken.

Dhiriawas

It is of

and

of the Tahsll
villages

Amlaki

littlebandhs

made.

income not
(thatis,village
the
the grazing of
eastern

of siwdi

notice is

taken into consideration

yielded

at

and

of

advantagebe

only

bandh

village,and
Tapokra,

the

bandhs

item

the

pargana

importance to
other

are

Tapokra

at the

derived

from

border

hills.

last assessment

the rent
The

of

land)
it

amount

of the

villages.
have been regarded as common
to those villages,
villages
adjoiningsome
and no boundary lines fixed.
One
those near
set of such hills are
Indor
Gwalda, "c.,
in Tapokra. Another
those
are
lyingover againstRiipbas,Damdama, "c., in Tijara.
The Gol and Baghor hills of the same
are
a third.
pargana
is generally
In the neighbourhood of the hills water
a long way
Elsewhere
in the Tahsil it is usuallyfrom 20 feet
below the surface.
was

hills

The

50

to

feet.
The

Tijarais

of

climate

Climate.

the

of
a

Bengal

Shera

Landhawat

about

130

were

are

complained

Landhawats

say

ousted

The

the

chief
who

other Meo

Gorwdls

men

of.

they come
their

said to be the

were

of

disease,either

""

of

best

Tonwar

Rajput

about

Ghaserias
of
offspring

160
were
a

who

years

married
ago,

when

powerful
locally

Kbanzada

of

Sareta

is the chief.
of which
Nimli
They say they
They have four villages,
twenty-four, and held the eastern valleyfrom Shadipur southwards, but

by

Kachwaha

healthy,and

very

daughter. They were


of Baghor held many
villages. The

years
slave girl.

nilgde,and

at

ago.

formerly had
a

The

army.

"

Chauhan's

Musalman

and

little

is
cattle,

or

of

then

The

Landhawats.

Amber,
married

clans of

who
a

Tijara.

was

Dulots

are

said to be descended

excommunicated

daughter of

the

Indor

for

killinga calf

Khanzada.

from

the

in mistake

Bulots

and

son

for

Dadwals

of
a

(
In

several

papers

called

tahsils the

of the

Kanungos have preserved villagerevenue


(meaning "weighing" or "estimating").

mudzinas

documents, which

These

of

129

will

pargana

noticed under

be

which

varying dates, of

each

tabsll where

the earliest is

any

(A.D.1531),and usually
were
compiledunder the direction of the imperialofficials. There are, however,some
dates of the Hindi era, and the papers bearingthem
of the time of Siwai Jai Singh.
are
Fasli
The Tijarapapers are dated 1192
(A.D.1787).
of Tijara,as recorded in the muazinas, is 149,520 bighas,and its
The
old area

exist,

are

which

regularsurvey,
each

old

known

care

of the first as

revenue

of the

revenue

average

and

1790

those

between

when

the Marhattas

A.D.

parganas, the average

1794
Rs.

in power,

were

beginningfrom

For five years

result of the

the

bigha is

the Akbari

used

in

of

43,229, of the second


year

A.D.

for five years


Rs. 19,375.

was

"

The
100,337 dams.
1733.
Shah, i.e.,
A.D.

of Muhammad

Tijarapargana

A.D.

different from
As

imperialsurveyors.
within which
Shahjah4nabad(Dehli),
and
Indor
Tijdra,
(Tapokra)were
pargana

Suba

sirkar howeli

as

very

area.

of the

preparedin the fourteenth

was

The

the

as

of the

statement

situated,givesthe
statement

gives 152,014

revenue

subdivisions

is not

measurement

testimony to the

this is

case,

An
the

This

Rs. 42,007.

jumma

937

H.

25,066.
1809, after Bakhtawar

of

Najaf

For

Khau's

the next

rule

"

five years,

Singh had acquiredthe

Rs. 40,412.

was

for each of the years included within these


Kanungos papers givethe revenue
periods.
The changesin the limits of the pargana of Tijaraduringthe last 150
years are
but there is no occasion to detail them here.
record in the Kanungo's office,
on
The

the

With

accountant

pargana

official called

or

Kanungo

descendant

chaudri,a

of the

of

Tijara,is associated

turbulent

Khanzada

an

hereditary

of

Malikpuri (see below). The


portant

one

the

bestows

zeb's time

The

are

Rs. 1500

that

It is said

portionof

"

and kanungo

chaudri

"

bestowinga grant

time

deed of Akbar's

family appears to have been an imfor the present chaudri


holds a
conciliating,

worth

and

of

It is

to Tijarathat
peculiar
a
together.Indeed, grant of Aurangthem
in ndnkdr
(asmaintenance)conjointly.
of the Kanungo's familynow
resident at Dehli has a

usuallyspoken of

records.

the old pargana

town

on

member

his ancestor.

on

Tijarais situated thirtymiles north-east of Ulwtir city. Its

populationis 7400.

The

are
proprietors

Meos,

Ma-11 is,and

a school,
municipalcommittee,a dispensary,
TijdraandhisNext to agriculture
its principal
industries t^ofthedi8~
and a largebazaar.
are
weaving and paper-making.

It has

Khanzadas.

As

the

old

capitalof

and

Mewat

place of importanceup

to

recent

times

extended
notice. Hindu tradition tellsthat Tijarawas
Tijarais worthy of a somewhat
of
founded
Susar
and that its anson
Pal,
Tej
cient
by
MajitRaja of Sarehta (seeSarehta),
name

with

was

Tirgartag.

The

name

of

subsequent periods.
Baksli,to whom

Tahsfldar Makhdum
that

mention

of Tijdra is to

Saiyad Ibrahim, an
attacked Dhundgarh

officer of
near

be

found

Sultan

Tej Pal
am

in the

Mahmud

Jadu

occurs

indebted
Mirdt
of

Rewari, the Raja of which

in

nected
Tijaralegendscon-

for much

information,
says

ul

Masaiid,which relates how


Ghazni, in A.H. 420 (A.D.1030)
fled to

his

kinsman

Tej
R

Pal of

Rewdil

The

Masaiid

in
latter,

night attack,killed Saiyad Ibrahim, but


70) compelledTej Pal to flyto Tijdra,where, in

(seep.
of

Saldr

killed.

were

his

Their

tombs

in

and

the

near

battle,three

of

town

discipleSaldr

Tijdra

are

latives
renow

placesof pilgrimage.
The

principal shrine

of the

three

annually,shortlyafter the Bakra


The

rise of

Khanzada

and

About
Bahlol

the
his

Firishta

reignof

the

alias Aldwaldin, who


and
He
traced

to

amongst
built

who

is

was

the
a

be

to

ruined
He

had

of

governor

reputed

to be

treated

Tijdraby

Ndhar,

of.
the

Emperor

his.

Khan

of Tijara in the
was
governor
(A.D.1488-1517),perhaps the Alain Khan Lodi,
tion,
officersof distincamongst the emperor's forty-four

of

town

Aldwalpnr, the

of

mosque

Aldwaldm

mal

the

on

by

banks
a

name,

jas Gahla

remains

works

Other

Tijara.

steward, Gahla

a
"

as

is

Alain

one

founder

palace and

goods,that the

Alims

alreadybeen

of the emperor.

the

of the

east

bridge.

brother

fair is held

Lodi

is mentioned

thought

them

that

Sikandar

Emperor

established

Rukn

it appears

Alims, where

the strong position


of Bahadar

adjacent hills has

was

near

of Rukn

Tijdra,and

of

Khan

Tatar

largetomb

is that

festival.

in the

successors

856,

A.H.

Lodi.

From

Khdnzddas

Id

of

so

man

which

to

of

him,

which

nallah,over
lavish

be

can

attributed

are
a

of

his

he

master's

(the goods Alawaldin's,the

ka"

proverb
in the neighbourhood. Makhdum
Baksh
surmises
Gahla's) is still current
of which
is a strikingobject for miles
round
that a splendidPathan
tomb, the dome
the
of
built
other
of
Pathan
to
the town, was
sufficient rank
Alawaldin,as no
memory
credit

is known

For
The
division

be the

to have

saint

resident

in

Tijdra district
of the

Dehli

named

Tijara.

at

Hakims,
Ghdzf

time, see

Akbar's

Siiba ; and

headquartersof

of these

One

been

of Tijdra in Bdbar's

notice

lost

time

as

the

page

Gadan,

reign of

which

of its

some

Khdnzddas

great officer,
though

in the

6.

"

"

Hdkim

Shdhjahdn, built

received

importance.

subdued,

were

was
(ruler)

shrine

grant of land, and

the

over

It became

ceased

to

town

always
the

is still in

resident.

grave

of

repute.

of the present Chaudri


of
Aurangzeb's time, Ikram Khan Khdnzdda, ancestor
ruin
and
a
near
Tijdra,resided at Malikpuri, now
villageBdghor,
plundered the
and
and
nakdra
nisJidn (kettle-drum
He took the Hdkim's
standard),and
country.
At villageBdmateri, Ikram
in consequence
an
imperialforce marched
againsthim.
himself,was put to death, and his family,on the approach
Khdn, who had surrendered
In

of

the

force,blew

themselves

up.

Two

his

of

of
Khdn, escapedthrough the interposition
In the time of the Emperor Muhammad

sons,

Moolla,
Shdh,

however, Muhammad

and

Ndr

their tutor.

the Jdt

leader,Churaman,

reached

He completelydestroyedAldwalTijdra,plundering the country wherever he went.


returned
when
inhabitants
and
its
took up their residence in Tijdra,
fugitive
they
pur ;
ruin.
and Aldwalpur remained
a
Tijdra changed hands frequentlyafter this,as has been alreadyrelated. Ismail
Musalman
who
and district.
held the town
Tahsildar
Beg was the last distinguished
Persian
Makhdum
Baksh discovered at Tijdra a voluminous
diaryof the events of a
been
had
for
unsettled
It
the
of
kept
period.
subsequent to
portion
many
years
Mian
1177 (A.D.1764) by Mian
Yumis, whose
H.
grandson,a Raj pensioner named
be
It
it
tells
Ismail
when
to
examined.
how
Sdla Mulla
Shdh, kindlypermitted
Beg,
to curse
his enemies ; and they accordingly
pressed by the Mdrhattas, caused holy men
with
line
of
the
anathema
the
Southerners.
Kordn,
an
on
conjoined
a
repeated
The
however, acted backwards, for a rebellion broke out in Ismail
curse
(saifi),

131

But
Beg's army, part of which left him.
of fakeers,before whom
collected a number

he

again to try cursing,and


it
of grainon
seers
Marhatta
soldier,and placed

determined
cloth with

twelve

placed. Taking up a grainat a time, they cursed a


grainsin a heap apart. It was thus intended to curse the whole Marhatta
man
by man, but before the operation was completea gust of wind blew up the
army
all up
felt that it was
cloth,mingling the cursed with the uncursed grains,and men
with Ismail Beg. He fought a battle,however, at Patun,* in which
he was
beaten
and his army
scattered
after which the Mdrhattas
of Tijdra. Sindiah
took possession
two
and
Khdnzdda
Musahib
Khan
as
appointed
pundits Amils, or revenue
collectors,
of Shahbad
(seeShahbdd) was put at the head of the militaryforce. He acted in
with Jowdhir
concert
Khan, grandfatherof the present Chaudrl of Tijara.
time
After a
and the Amla
formed one
they quarrelled.Johwdhir Khan
party
was

the cursed

"

Musahib

and

Jowahir

Khan

Khan

The

another.

called upon

the

latter

got possession of the town, whereupon

Bdghoria Meos

to attack

it.

The

Baniyas promised Musahib Khan a ball of gold if he would protectthem from


defended the town
for two months
being plundered,and he accordingly
; but at length
the Meos

made

fought all

successful assault,and

day, and

Government

night retired to

at

From

garden.

discovered

the

After

two

this

Marhattas,

in tke

Imrat

Tijdra,Kot Kasim, and Rewdrl.


In ii. 1211
(A.D..
1796) the
appointed

was

him.

under

They

Rao

had

which

in

After

some

stuck

1805,
on

then

on

saved
the

been

Tijara,and

Hasan

In

the
of

one

dark

H.

Ulwur
Meos

parganas
and

Meos, who, having

Pundit
Husain

untied

of the Marhattas
in

them.

Mewat

Naud

were

Amils

as

they

were

girdles,
ground.
Appa Khanda

for the

rainy night,and

of

Sada

it is said

fall to the

the

their

maintenance

people stole

the town.

9-poundergun

His

troops

which

had

ants.
rallied his men, and drove off their assailand made
good the lost property.
revenue,

peoplebecame

manageable.t

the Marhattas, Tijdra,


with

Singh Maharao
1223

the hands

the

placed in charge

Ghuldm

and

Khan

near

Rs. 10,000 from

were

he attacked
his camp,
He extricated a
him.

enemy,

burnt

after the defeat

Yusiif)Nand Lai, the


much
fightingwith the
pargana

it

submitted, paid

Bakhtdwar

rebellious.

took

Rai,

in their clothes would

of

centre

courage

had
villages

A.D.

conferred

Thomas'

Meos

Tijdra on

the very

nallah,turned

The

In

reached

from

but

away,

stuck

very

He

troops.

the

by

quarter, levied
Biswas

again

Ghuldm

driven

was

Musahib
tomb

great Pathan

the

constantlyfightingwith the Meos, and


when, after a day's fighting,
they at night

bullets

horse,"c.,

ran

Jats

Sher

and

in
was
During the periodthat Mewat
celebrated
Thomas
the
assigned
George

of his
a

twelve

or

Rao

at

were

that

invulnerable,so
ten

Hakim."

"

be

Kazees'

fired the town.

and

fort

this,however,

hidden

Baniyas

entered
the

other parganas,

was

populationwas
diaryof Muhammad
Chief's Diwan, took Indor (seeIndor),but there was
in H. 1229
for years, especially
(A.D.1814),when the

(A.D.1808

Raja of Ulwur,
; I give the date

but

from

the

Meo

the

measured.

was

Rdjd in the charge of one Jahdz, a cJiela or


placed by the Mahardo
with
turbans
the principal
tions
slave,who, by exchanging
Meos, established friendlyrelawith them, so that when
ordered
into Ulwur, he had
to send the leadingMeos
all seized,carried to
in gettingthem to come
to a feast,
where they were
no
difficulty
Tijdra

was

See also Keene's

t Skinner's

Mughal Empire, page

Life,vol.

i. p. 203.

195.

Ulwur, and

compelled to

pay

the money,

and

132

Us. 10,000 for their release.

One
He

much.

Meos

oppressedthe

seat

to realise

who

Nimll, and Alapiir.


plunderedvillages
Lapdla,Palasll,

was

an

he

for which

of Bakhtawar

son

Baksh

Ahmad

For five years Nawab


gana,

seized

insurgent,and, being

active

Singh, came

Bagwan Dass was


joinedby Jahaz,

Meo
Khawani
of Lupala
to
death.
was
Jahaz,
by
put
Vakeel, held Tijara parKhan, the famous

paid Rs. 70,000, and

iu

Balwant

1826

A.D.

Singh, illegitimate

other territories

with

which
Tijara,

to

was

conferred

was

issue.
He
lived at first iu a lofty,well-situated palace
legitimate
attached to it contains a comfortable
The
which
was
garden
EventuallyBalwant
bungalow,and the ice-house hard by still suppliesthe Darbar.
of
and
chief
fort
nence
residence
to
make
his
resolved
on
a
conspicuousemiplace
Singh
of
the town.
Very handsome
overhanginga gorge in the hills to the east
of
the
and
ruins
of
o
ut
a fine masonry
Alawalpur,
were
constructed,
chiefly
buildings
him

upon

his

and

adjoiningthe

dam

thrown

was

had

town.

reverted
territory
is

to

remain

buildingsalready mentioned
the eye

are

mosque

bank

the nallah

on

and

"

Lai

to the

Tijarah hills

The

the

who

design

in A.D.
1845, and his
Singh died childless,
his fort has been
tion
unoccupied,but the situa-

of

Khan

is not
in the

"

grand

remains

iu

of
holy disciple
about
a
Saiyad

the

and

in the

Alawaldln

Pathan

and

near

and

other

Tijarawhich

strike

tomb,

Ajmlr Khwajas,

the

same

distance

town, and

mile to the

to the

of Hasan

north,
Khan

south.

Ancient legends tellof chiefs


very famous.
their strongholdswithin them, and historyrecords the

were

had

the

Singh

masonry

of

tomb

of Khanzadas

the tombs

whole

The

years.

city,the tomb

of the

north-west

formed.

was

Balwant

erections of Balwant

the

lake

and
commodious, so that it
buildingshandsome
left
a
Singh
good reputationbehind him

the

desolate.

country he ruled for nineteen


Besides

Balwant

Since then

Ulwur.

attractive,and

to
likely

whereby

gorge,

completionwhen

reached

not

the

across

once

Tijarah Mils.

to gain and
efforts of emperors
the north-east border of the Ulwur

lie

along
running from

north to south.

Their

skirts

Their

slopesand

dhauk

and

bharut
road

are

other

grasses

are

often

faced

summits
useful

They are
by broken

nowhere

The

the summit

hills are
for many

They

double range

1350

feet

so

the

high.

defence.

barren, but oftener covered

browsing shrubs,while

abundant.

more

than

them.

ground, advantageous for

sometimes

are

of
keep possession
State,arid form a

with

saneji(a vetch),lamp, and

flat at the top that

miles,and

connected

formerlya
principal

the

along
situated on
the hills.
strongholds(Indor,Kotila, "c.) which were
A causeway
Dhakpuri led from Kotila down into the open valley
by village
east of Balwaut
Singh'sbandh, where there are traces of several old towns.
the only road passableby
Through the southern part of this valleyruns
It
the
hills.
leads
of some
to
carts from
town
a
Tijara through
Firozpur,
importanceiu the Gurgaom district.
There
other passes for beasts of burden in the hills near
are
Tijara. The
best is that via villageArandh, in the valleymentioned
is
above, which
reached either by way of Balwant
the
Singh'sbandh, or by a passage through
firstrange of hills near
village
Alapur. This last passage must have been the
was

run

Khanzada

one

used

between

Kotila

and

when
Tijara,

both

were

importance.
placesof political

in the

SareMa,

is

said to

likewise

thence

from

have

in the

famous

town

come

miles east

four
valley,

same

134

first

hills.

It

said to have

are

is
reputed llajaof Tijara,

Meos

therefrom,and the Gorwal

come

who

Khanzadas,

historyof

Tijara. Tej Pal, the

to

the border

under
Tijara,

of

that

assert

they sprung

Sarehta.
It is

only a

now

there

numerous,

and

from

ancient

some

in gateways

is

curious

and

ruins
the

old mosque,

building. It has

Hindu

Gwalior

at

village.The

Meo

poor

the

of

substantial houses about

of
pillars

which

are

evidentlytaken

are

taperingbastions

narrow

it

observes

one

elsewhere.

four miles north of Sarehta, and only remarkable


valley,
its boundary the ruins of a fortified town
named
as
having
It is situated at the foot of
Gehrol, formerly occupiedby Khanzadas.
the path which
Nahar's
and
thence
leads up to Kotila,Bahadar
to
on
stronghold,
Indor
the broken
over
(seepage 3, and Indor). There is a stone causeway
tion
porof this path. Several such
in the passes of these hills. They
to be found
are
are
probablyimperialworks undertaken to maintain the subjectionof the Khanzadas
in the

Damdamma,

same

within

after Babar

had

Mandka,

conquered

them.
of

miles west

seven

people are

Tijara. The only Saiyad villagein


with the Khairthal Saiyads,and

at Mandha

fort in the
for

time

matrimonial

village,
begun by
some
eighty years

houses

masonry

for four

Tapokra,

He

ago.

him,

and

to

five hundred

or

Khan

Faizulla

alliance with

the Tahsll.
have

connected

was

There

years.

of

Khanzada

Shahbad,

with the

offended

build his fort he

been

is

who

half-built

in power

was

Saiyadsfor

refusinga

destroyedtwenty-two

of their

(howelis).
where
there are
present headquartersof the pargana,
Peshkar
and kanuugo under the authorityof the Tahsildar

the

Tijara. There is a school at Tapokra, a bazaar, and some


buildings. It is twelve miles north of Tijara,and
masonry
populationof about 600 only.
Indor

The
lished
estab-

its name

gave

under

to the

that

presentTapokra
in the

name

in ruins,though

Ain

which

pargana,

Akbari.

It is

of

spicuous
con-

lias

is indicated
almost

now

tirely
en-

of the most

important placesin
Mewat.
The
old ruined town
lies in a valleyof the border hills,
ten miles
The
east of Tapokra.
fort,which is occupied by a Raj garrison,is on
has shrunk
the hill range east of the old town, which
to an
insignificant
and
It
said
have
been
the
to
built by
to be very ancient,
village. is
Nikumpa
Rajputs.
Bahadar

After

of Mewat.

Nahar's
The

name

once

time Indor
of Jalal

one

to have

seems

Khan,

become

descendant

the chief

of Bahadar

hold
strongNahar's,

principalone connected with it (see p. 4). The tradition regarding


true, at least illustrates the right claimed by the clan to
him, if not literally
choose its head notwithstandinghereditary
:
right,and imperialopposition
is the

"

It is
before

said,I

Jalal Khan's

to pay

them

believe

their

election ; but

respects

to salute his shoes

Ulwur

that
erroneously,

to

their

instead.

on

some

chief,he

They

had

been

the

occasion,when
would

all left in

not
a

chief Khanzada

the members

appear,

rage, and

set

and
up

as

had
slave

town
bled
assem-

desired

their leader

(
who

Jaldl KMn,
wat

Khdnzdda

noble, whose

chief

it is of

in

as

function

"

the

by

emperor

in consequence

was

borne

from

sway
has

him

Narnol

domed

which

tomb

of
The

nobles

hills about

for camels

and

is derived

from

south

There

importanceat

Indor

in

the

below

; and

held

What

spoken of
It

fort.

is

the fort

Jhamrdwat

was

he refused,and
is said

have

to

General

ningham
Cun-

known
historically

about

some

in

the tombs

are

of
Mind

of

Jallu.

as

and

fifteen domes

or

the

of

it

ing
impos-

are

the

localityto
Shekhs

some

who

neighbourhood.
the Darbdr, and

by

cattle,as they are


them
by the State.

covered

Musalman

is

forehead

Baunsrf.

to

name.

the

twelve

are

are

his

the Jhamrd-

Bikanir, of

Jaldl Khdn

northwards

He

of

time in the

one

Jdt

Labor.

at

and

in

struck

is to the

of Khanzada

memory

wall

Muttra,

near

were

structures.

of

Mdrwar,

in

Him

when

alive into

to

to

was

alreadydetailed (page4).

Jaldl Khan's

were

built

coins

has been

do

to

Gurgaom district.
impress the tika on

of
subsequentlythe Khdnzada
of
the
chief
to
Ulwur,
deposed
homage

and

Jaipur duly recognised


;

ordered

it

Thdkur

Rahtor

in the

resided at Dddoli, now

new

"

135

called

shrine

form

"dauk"

with

extensive
A

trees.

grazinggrounds
of Rs. 1200

revenue

Chandan

Martyr's,is situated on the


west
Indor, and is of some
importance, because on the pathway between
range near
of Ulwur
the British town
of Noh
and several villages
and travellers,
; to the traders
of which
this shrine affords a shady resting-spot
after a tedious
climb up the hill
if
tanks
it
furnish
them
drink
would
with
and
its
of water
were
a
repaired
range ;
Khdngdh,

or

too.

moollah

of

records

not

better

"

Sirkar Ulwur

"

commissioned

assist certain

to

visited the

fort.

mentioned.
"

words

it

to the

name

is

The

small.
who

Rdjput
1810

near

chief of

south

from

have

carried

the

for

the date

time

The

R. Baktdwar

vid Gehrol

found

capturedit.

M.

and

Meos

Singh

H. 1223
i.e.,

"

was

himself

Kotila

and

in

were

event

already
in the

"

(built,
Masit.

-n

Meo

villagefive
a

Gasera,

in

miles

north-east

of

and

relics of the

mosque,

been

of the

hills.

wells which

were

It

great famine

the
thus

or

Bahddar

In

8.

1814

place,from
left

that these

as

were

(A.D.1757)

dread

unoccupied,and

of

very

fort at

the

"

Jewdno.

Dasotra,"he

In

erected

stream, which, during the rains,

by

away

populationis

das,
Khdnza-

Singh,the

built

known

in the

dam,

swept

was

miles,and

still exist.

well-to-do all abandoned

Rdja

Its

Tapokra.

Gurgaom district,who

magnificent bandh,"
Eastern

other

by Rdo

ousted

the

fragments seven

houses

The

Tapokra,remarkable for its old mosque


than
bOO
years ago), which
gives

"

flows

970,

H.

of

more

(A.D.1753),the year
a

Raj

dwal,

village.

said to have

are

of the

the

preserve

Kdnungo and mukadams


Indor
family,who had been

the

hill road

the old

by

ul

their

killa Indor."

contains
village

Jewdno

for two

one,

they

Rabi

dated

Ldl Diwdn

happy

very

servants

fatah

Mubdrikbdd

Jewdno

8.

Musalman

Alasit,a villagea mile


is said, by the Pathans

..

its

travelled

He

The

as

of

in that Sirkdr.
Nand

and

to educate

Chaudri

the

Khdnzddas

1808

hands,

own

and
proprietorship,
and

prayers,

they produced

insurrection
in A.D.

of Indor, and
possession
regarded by the Darbdr

to

their

seal,directs

the

they hold

summons

document

Akbar's

but

poor,

"

One

put down

to

are

Azdn," or
yet plough with

days.
bearingthe Emperor

and

Indor

to call the

do

They

children.

of

of

present Khdnzddas

The
maintain

great flood,-which
sufficient to
the Jdts took

cruel extortion.

their

owners

are

is said

to

supply material
Jewdno,

and

the

stantial
Twenty-two sub-

said

not

to

have

(
The

returned.
held in

present traders

are

his Rassaladar

jaglrby

new

nas

Kishengarh

Kot

Ka*iim

Mewat.

is in

)
In

men.

Balwant

Kishengarh is the northern

130

Jewano

was

adjoinsTijaraon the west. It


Like Tijarathis tsihsil

its north.

Jaipur on

Its

Singh'stime

Singh.

talisilwhich

of

Balw"au t

217

is about

area

miles, and

square

its

populationabout 61,000.
There

are

nine paraganas

fiscal villages
and
The

15"

Tahsil,containing144"

rent free.

followingshows

population:

sub-divisions in the

or

the

fiscal

parganas,

and
villages,

castes

of their

"

For statisticsin detail

regardingthe tahsil,see pages 187, 191.


Half the soil of the Kishengarh Tahsil is good. The chief crops grown
in order of importancebajra,
and cotton.
jawar,barley,

are

The
"

dahrl

land

stream

is formed

by it,partlyby
It is not

The

at

water

between
The

of the wells is sometimes

15 feet and

Mudzinas

35

the Mandawar

from

comes

village
Bagheri.
strengthened.

stream

and

rain
principal
"

of

means

new

as

one,

direction,and
fine

but has been

deep down

as

thrown

bandh

much
across

good
the

greatlyimproved
lately

80 feet,but it

usuallyranges

feet.

Kishengarh bear date F. 1144 (A.D.1740). The following


some
comparisonbetween the past and present :
of twelve
is recorded
had an area
of
to have
Pargana Pur, consisting
villages,
a
nd
of
Rs.
4253.
a revenue
16,234 Wghas (Akbari),
Its area, accordingto the Settlement
Survey,is 14,149 bighas,and its revenue
of

will assist
figures

"

Rs. 19,680.
Each

of the nine

Kantingo.

Before the
Account

of

Tahsil.

SiirajMai

of Kishengarh,

parganas

except

Khairthal,has

separate Kanungo.

Jats
where

the

lected.

by

in

came

the Dehli

s.

revenue

No
Amil

1791
of

resistance

(A.D.1734), there was a tahsil at Bambohra,


Bambohra
and neighbouringparganas
colwas
seems

of Bambohra,

to
one

have
Kazi

been

made

to

Haiyati,whose

the

Jats

under

family still live

137

Bambolira, where

at

Suraj Mai

took

In

He

erected

built

first stuck

lingam

up

in

small

fort

known

now

built

temple,

The
proposed moat.
temple is
endowed.
to
built
and
was
temple
Bihariji
the

The

Idgah.

(garhi)near

fort

it at

followingyear

Siwana,

which

was

Marhatta

the

near

and

mosque

small

Appa Tantia.
(A.D.1748) Suraj began the

1805

s.

had

Ismailpurand

the

destroyed by

the Kazi

called the
The

Kishengarh.

as

officer Kishen

his

by

Kishaneswa.

outer

Within

of the fort

ramparts

Singh,

the fort
are

earthen^

inner of masonry.

Kishengarh
of

the

became

headquartersof

the

which

on

the

present tahsil.

chief

road

to

the Tankaheri

They
Muradganj was

under

him

Bambohra

the

built

Marhattas

by them,

retook

few

and

two

of

the

s.

bombardment

years.

of their tombs

the

took

effects

Mughals in
Ismailpur,five

ousted

it

the

held it for sixteen

place and

Partap Singh
Marhattas

runs,

hill to the west, and

took

The

Ulwur

The

had

officer,who

revenue

rendered

Jat
the
Pass, through
and
on
practicablefor carts, and established chauHs
below the pass, which was
of
of
in
Meo
a
a
placed
charge
neighbouringvillage. On
the Bambohra
side of it a fine garden was
made.
The
Jats held Kishengarh until s. 1826
(A.D.1769), when Mirza Murad Beg and
Abdulla
and
Dehli
from
Beg Mughals came
besiegedthe fort. They placeda battery
most

1841

ruined

are

bazaar

still apparent.

known

as

remain.

wards
(A.D.1784). Eight years afterthe
of Kishengarh, but

south-west

miles

afterwards.

months

ment
(A.D. 1805) General Lake attacked Bhartpur, and a British detachment
detachofficer
named
The
by an
Denny.
occupied Kishengarh, commanded
there
remained
six months, after which
was
Kishengarh,with other territory,
of
Bakhtawar
transferred under
Ulwur.
to
Singh
treaty
Fatahabad,Kishengarh,and Ismailpureach at that time had a tahsil. In s. 1866
the Ismailpurtahsil in s.
Tahsil was
(A.D. 1809) the Fatahabad
abolished,as also was
The villages
of
1917 (A.D.1860). In A.D. 1872 the Jhindoli Tahsil was
abolished.
all these were
also received, in A.D.
attached to Kishengarh,which
1872, seven
villages
The
of
two
of Bahadarpur, another
Khairthal
abolished tahsil.
same
villages
year
Mandawar
attached
Tahsil, to which, in Bakhtawar
to the
were
Singh's time,some
In

s.

1862

Khairthal

had alreadybeen
villages

Kishengarh,
It has 712
metalled
Bds

headquartersof

the

houses,and

road

with

2216

the

mile

to

the west

It is said there

trade.

tahsil,has

are

been

It is connected

inhabitants.

Khairthal, Tijara,and

Kirpdlnagar,a

considerable

added.

already spoken
by

Ulwur.
of

four

Kishengarh,is
or

five houses

only placeof

the

with
Bus

capitaleach
of 1726.

of Us.

50,000.

Mahajans

are

It has 380
the

of.

houses, with

T7-5rn"in.

Karpalna^ar.

tion
popula-

principalinhabitants.

Kishengarh by a metalled road, ranked


the railwaywill, no
next
doubt, soon
to Bas as a place of trade,but
Khairthal.
has
and
478 houses,
a
populationof 2728.
give it the first place. It
of whom
have
The
are
high office in Jaipur.
Saiyads,some
principalinhabitants
of the nine old parganas which make
to one
Khairthal givesits name
up the present
tahsil of Kishengarh.
Khairthal, on

the

railway,connected

with

(
the

Bambohra,

old

of.

headquarters

It has

411

138

of

the
and

houses,

has

Imperial Amil,

been

inhabitants.

1858

already spoken

It. too,

names

par-

Bambobra.

gana.
the

Pur,
and

993

old

headquarters
the

Niliiiagar,though

Nftrna

but

92

houses

is held

395

and

by

rent-free

but

198

houses,

of

of

pargana

thirteen

villages,has

headquarters, is

Majee,

there

named

the

of the

seventh

is

sixth

fine

village;

information

no

has

pargana,

but

about

houses,

125

it

as

it.
and

779

inhabitants.

Ismailpur, head
.

has

pargana,

'

'

Ismailpur.

inhabitants.

the

which

Bdghora.

head

fifth pargana

Ilarsoli, the

BAgbora.

of

inhabitants.

has

pargana,

609

houses, and

four

of its villages

2659

inhabitants.

is in the

Bahddarpur
Babadarpur.

".

..

in

the

villageof

the

of Alamdl,

Khanzadas
years

put them

ago,
them

till

never

Their

relations

shows

in

And

tahsil

ka

localityhas

group
its Mina

for

famous

as

miles, and
There

of

are

of parganas.

empty

as

the west

zadas,
Khan-

Meos,

some

bad

the

and

reputation,as

it
the

isolated

fiscal and
fiscal

kamaya,

of

gain,

Fatahabad
as

of

Kishengarh
Nabha

is Mandawar.
pargana

villages,of

chief.

The

hollow

I started."

British

Dacoits, is the

The

upon

ging
drag-

I got ;

gain
I reached

population about
127

fifty

their testicles,and

gunf,

in search

Kaht, partlyin Mewat.


its

the

and

paisa ;
ki

territoryadjoining it is the

Tahsil.

offended

hundred

Bhartpur

habitants.
in-

taisa."

much

was

on

Jats of

one

628

place,but

mortally

conjunction with

pacham

kamaya

when

But

The

Fatahabad

I went

Far

the

houses, and
considerable

have

latter,about

the

brought

kamaya

Jaisa

"

to

109

"

A-gam

Aya

Mandawar

are

Khub

known

off,and

devastation.

the

"

northern

show,

said

are

by destroying Fatahabdd,

following popular rhyme

The

has

ruins

by fasteningthongs (tdnt) round

death

from

recovered

far

pargana,
as

merchants

villagenot

they died.

retaliated

who

has

to

ninth

it was,

Formerly
wealthy

of its

some

Tahsil, though

Kishengarh.

chief

the

Fatahabdd,

Ulwur

area

It

of

which

is situated

of the tahsil

The

foreign

Bawal, and

the

Shahjahanpur,

partly in the
is about

229

tract

square

54,000.
17
are

jagir villages in the six pnrganas


as

follows

"

or

ments
frag-

139

is

For

statisticsin detail

The

soil of the MandaVar

see

And

the

On

of the Sabi

banks

187, 191.

Tahsil

largepercentage of inferior.
bajra,gram, barley,jawar.

depopulated.

one

pages

The

chief crops grown

elsewhere

and

part good, though there

is for the most

there is

are, in order of quantity,

inferior

some

DaJiri,but
but

scarcely
any very
The depth below the surface at which water
usuallyit varies from 20 feet to 40 feet.
good, and

tract included

The

of the Chuhan

not

much

in the Mandawar

of any.
is sometimes

with is 80 feet,

firstmet

Tahsil has been

chieflyin

the hands

Thakurs, spoken of under Aristocracy. MandaMandawar

war

mentioned

is

of Ulwur

by

the parganas

among
Lake.

Lord

the

to

Maharao

and

town

neighbourhood.

outworks, as it were, of the


nearlysurrounded by hills,
to
of
1757
run
a
feet,and have afforded
They
height
up
in times of difficulty.
a refugeto the familyof the Rao
Springsand water-tanks,and
which
in panthers,
and the people
abound
even
wells,are to be met with in these hills,
much
harassed
and
Oue
Bok
tank known
around are
as
by these animals.
spring
sacred
is
Kund
a
bathing-place.
Raja's
The

of Mandawar

,,,,,,,

ceded

town

rocky regionfurther

is

south.

"

"

is the seat of the Musalman


Rao of
already been mentioned that Mandawar
family. The traders are of the Mahur clan,which supplantedthe
a
great Chauhan
and
The ruin of the Khandelwal
Khandelwal, formerly established at Mandawar.
is attributed to the curse
of a fakir,whom
the former, notwithstanding
the rise of the Mahur
It has

their wealth, sent

to

occupieda hamlet of Mandawar,


Rao to destroythem.
Besides

the Rao's

of the mosques
Close

to

has

the town

be

entertained

by

abandoned

it

but

residence,the buildingsof
an

hills is

largeand

latter.

Khanzadas

the
discovering

on

note

inscription
showing that it

in the

the

are
was

mosques

and

constructed

ancient tank known

formerly

intention of the

tombs.

in Akbar's
as

the

One
time.

Sagar Sah.

(
When, many

ago, it

years

the subsidence

of water

broken

was

in wells.

140
down

in

however, restored

It was,

much

neighbourhood suffered

the

1909,

8.

but

from

requires

cleaningout.
There
482

is

and

Thana,

well

as

as

Kddiniagar

has

Jhindoli

"would givethe

givesits

bandh

ruined

situated

dahri.

some
village

to

name

is

is

of houses

eightmiles south of
here,which, if built substantially,

is
village

The

number

of Ulwur.

north

miles

twenty-two

here.

There

Mandawar.
K"lirnagar.

It is

policepost

The

Tahsfl,at Mandawar.

the population 2337.

pargana.
belongedto the Chauhans
village

south

miles

It is ten

of Mandawar.
334

It has

of Pahal.

houses

The
and

Jhindoli.

1549

populationof
Pahal, three miles south

of

people.
The

Mandawar.

local history,and

in

important part

the

present populationis

The

tenure.

last century.

the

hills above

Karnikot, eightmiles north-west

having

Singh in

Bakhtawar
of

the seat

312

has

Bijw"r.

It is

The

Nabha

Ulwur, then

f
of
jurisdiction

only remarkable
built by M.

was

as

R.

connected

with the Pahal

family. It
village.

A rampart encircles the

of Mandawar.

1988

and

the north-west

inhabitants.

the State.

of
territory

its border

it will be

is

the

..

territory
just

littleof Kot

Putli

.,

found

outside

that the civil

lyingbetween

it

changes

seven

the Sabi and

times.

the Sot a,

territory.

Bahror

Tahsil

is about

area

There

fort

On the north is Gurgaom. Northeast,


then Nabha.
territory,
(the Bawal pargana)is again met with, then a pointof
territory
of Gurgaom, and
the detached
Shahjahanpurand other villages

Ulwur
finally

Its

The

Patiala

conies

The

houses

passing round

the south-west

then

Thakur

inhabitants.

north-west

forms

the Sabf, is

on

1862.

1602

358

Pahal.

policepost.

service for the

""

Tahsil.

On

has

Tdhsil

Bahror

and

eightmiles

In
Bahror

houses

There
at

on

Mandawar,

tdzirrii Chauhan

Phalsd

rhalsa.

of

small fort and

Karnikot.

Bywdr,

small.

very

is carried
Iron-smelting

it.

hold

They

place played an
Jaipur
the villageon
Istamrarl
an
ruins of fine buildingson
are
brave

did

PaliaL

chief in

of this

Chauhans

are

See pages

is in the Kaht.

264

square

three parganas,

about 60,000.
miles, and its population

containing131

187, 191, for detailed statistics.

fiscaland

20

rent-free

villages.

(
fort about

is a mud

There

50

a police
tahsil,
post, and school,a
There is a fair bazaar,numerous

said

to have

never

Mdndan,

recovered

sixteen

It has

tahsil.

masonry

been

erected.

gardens,but

the

Bahror, was

headquarters of

2000.

about

the

On

separate

hill above

Maudan.
a

fort made

ten

miles

of slate.

shrine

Hindu

is

is

the town

s.1860.

the Marhattas

by
spoliation

besides the

and
Raj garrison,

buildingsand

populationof

has
school-building

new

its

from

with

yards square,

north-east of

miles

H2

conspicuousobject

it is

little

the town.

above

Nimrdna,

north-east

Maharaja of Nimrana, whose


has a fort and palaceon the

Nimrana.

Only remarkable as the seat of the


He
has been already described.
position
of
it
in
hill
but
is
a dilapidated
slope a
range,

of Bahror.

condition.

old

headquartersof

Barod.
"

rund

Middle

The

"

or

above the
.ius^

Middle

four

It

pargana.
lies

full of game

parganas,

placehas alreadybeen

of this

Thakur

The Chauhan

BdroJ.

near

it

on

is six miles

east

It is the

of Bahror

the west.

just below the four northern, and


southern,are Govindgarh,Ramgarh, Ulwur,

those

BatlSUr.

parganas.

of the
Goviudgarh is the eastern-most
of Ulwur
forming,so to speak,a peninsular
is about

Mewat,

mentioned.

52

miles

square

middle

It

juts out,
Bhartpurterritory.It is in
extent, and has a populationof about

in

parganas.

in

26,000.
tahsil consists of but

The

one

For

follows

rent-free and

"

fuller statisticssee

pages 187, 191.


soil of the Govindgarh Tahsil is for the most

TUe
crops

It contains

pargana.

53 fiscal villages
; the detail of the latter is as

grown

are

part good. The

chief

bajra,cotton, and jawar.

Formerly this pargana was irrigated


by the water of the Ruparel,brought
into it by the Hazdri
the
dam
the Ruparel, which affected the
on
Bandh,
battle of Laswarree.
but after
determined
allowed
At

an

The

very valuable to the Govindgarh Tahsil,


claims of the two states, it has been
inquiryinto the respective

that the water

to flow

darn

was

is not to be obstructed

during the rains,but

to be

freelyinto Bhartpur.

present the dahri

flooded land is almost

confined to seven
villages.Pfpalvillages
lying in Bhartpur territory
beyond
the Sikri bandh, and
and Mallki,a second pair similarly
Bakshuka
situated.
These
four villages
lie beyond the Sikrl bandh
an
work on
importantirrigation
the Rukhera

and

or

Nakatpur, a pair of

detached

"

parelin Bhartpur, just beyond the Ulwur border,


the stream.
Pagseri,Doroli, and Saidampur, on
likewise get
well

The

It is

surface.
There
the
will

of the

water

are

the

surpluswater
side

Qovindgarh

the

of

bandh,

is from

pargaua

10 feet to 25

feet below

the

deep.

never

in the

old mudzinas

no

the

they get

it is abundant.

when

water

and

Govindgarh Tahsil,but

the

sums

The
following
villagesfrom s. 1885 (A.D.1828) are on record.
collections.
former
and present
assist comparison between

Present

collected from
Tahgil

records"

Assess-

ment.

2950
2850
1050

2770
1850
5100
2720
1700

Report, p.

Settlements
the

In
held

in the

change

The

of M.

time

the

pargana

is dwelt

on

in the

184
Acwmnt

R.

villagesround

many

of
productiveness

of

Singh, a family of Khanzadas


present site of Govindgarh. Nawab

Bakhtawar
the

the Fort
of Ghasaoli.
known
as
principal. His seat was
About
1803 Bakhtawar
A.D.
Singh, in conjunctionwith the Marhattas, expelledhim
and the 500 horse he is said to have
destroyed,and
employed. Ghasaoli fort was
the site of it is now
The
removed
local seat of authoritywas
a Raj grass
preserve.
fort
said
have
been
The
is
the old fort.
to
to Govindgarh, a spot very near
present
for the extent
built by Bakhtawar
Singh in s. 1862 (A.D.1805). It is remarkable

Zulfikar

Khan

was

the

of its moat.

The

There

are

town

is

Thana

Tahsil

twenty-fivemiles

and
east

school

in

Govindgarh, and

the

populationis

4290.

of Ulwur.

tants.
inhabivillagefour miles south of Govindgarh, containing
merly
is a platform and
building (thara) where forNar
Khan
tioned,
Khanzada, brother of Zulfikar Khan, already menIt is curious that
dispensedjustice,and a ruined fort in which he resided.
of
the
which
Khan
to
Nar
his brother,still
people
or
neighbouringvillages,
belonged
to this thara to settle disputesby oath.
come
It is common
enough to find cultivators established on the soil,and paying no
than the revenue
But
the cultivators
more
fairlychargeableon the land they hold.
of Bainsrawat,whether
baniyas,chumars, mails, or kasais, are, contrary to common
wells,which they claim as their own.
custom, permittedto make
miles north-east of Govindgarh, with 439 houses
and a populaPipalkhera,
tion

Bainsrdwat,
Here

of 1833.

there

It is,with

Nakatpur, situated within Bhartpur,and the


_^
do not
two
at any
villages
point touch Ulwur territory.The village,
with others about it,formerlywas
held in jagirby a familyof Naruka
Rajputs,whose
claim to proprietory
righthas been latelyrecognisedin part.

(
is the middle

Ramgarh

146

square

it has

of
chiefly

the Nai

Meos

For

Kevenue

The

soil of the

elsewhere

are

which
Qovindgarh,
and
territory,

Statistics see

is in

It also

its limits.

miles,and

The

to

lies along Bhartpur

isolated within

villagesare
about

tahsil next

border

of its eastern

most

144

it

but
adjoins,

several

Mewat.

Bhartpur

Its extent

is

populationof 51,000.

and

clans.

Dulot

Appendix, page 188, 192.


is generallyrich where subject
to floods,
part light. The chief crops grown are bajra,

Ramgarh

Tahsil

it is for the most

barley,
jawar.
The

dahri

that which
Lindwah.

flooded

or

Chiihar

the

The

land of

Sidh

Ramgarh

nallah

bandh
principal

or

best in the

is the

is also

There

covers.

in the tahsfl is the

dam

is to

to flow along the foot


compel the Lindwah
utilised by several villages.Smaller embankments

of the

The

state.

some

very

richest is

good

in
hills,

western

in continuation

of

the

upon

Atria,the objectof

which

order

to

the main

be

work

further this.

Lindwah,

The

of
village

which

Nogaom

the British

firstflows south, turns

at

there

is

dam

which

turns

to

the north-east

the water

into

; and

south

of the

canal conveying it to

the border.
and
officials have
been
TheUlwur
villagers
from destroying
the dam
and from obstructing
The
the flow of the canal.
prohibited
of
people
Banjir Nagla, the border villageof the Ulwur Tahsfl, upon the Chiihar
of making an
earthen
dam
old practice
to raise the
Sidh, have recentlyrenewed
an
of the Chiihar Sidh.
water
dam
will
be
by the first
Ordinarilythe
swept away
week's rain,but the rains might be too scanty to destroy it,in which
it should,
case
I

territorybeyond

think,be

Buja

within

cut

in the

west

month

of the first rainfall.

of the tahsil is,I think, the

only villagewhere

bandh

requires

renewing.
Water
it is not

Sidh.

is

as
occasionally
many
in
deep down, especially
Its average depth is from

There

are

as

60 feet below

the

surface,but

the villagesirrigated
by the
10

to 25

for the most

Lindwah

and

feet.

several ranges of hills in Ramgarh or on


its borders.
The
It is remarkable
for the stone
is that to the west.

most

can

travel.

elateystone, is
south

is Daneta

have

been

made

Kalaghatta,or

through its

Black

Pass, so

said to be the oldest ; then

Paas,

the

most

extensive

passes,
called

from

Rupbas Pass, to

causeway

of

which

over

all.

the

horses

colour

the south

Again

and

phants
ele-

of its soft

of it.

south

tinuous
con-

causeways

Hills.

which

part

Chiihar

Further

is the

Kho

(
made

Pass causeway,

Pass

Baraod

the

of that

the

by

of
disciples

Das, who

and
frequentedthese hills,
banniah
named
thirty years ago by a

Lai

made

causeway,

145

south

Dull

Chand.

Through a break in these hills there was a good deal of traffic between TJlwur and
somewhat
Untwal, Bijwar,and Nogawan. The hills are generally
Delhi, vid villages
the
is
less
the
and
valuable.
than
and
less
lower
Tijararange,
grazing
regular
habitations
the present site of
on
One hundred and fifty
no
years ago there were
Some

Ramgarh.

under

Chumars.

first settled there,

Bhoja, were

one

Account
,

....

order

in

relieve

to

the

porters,between
called

was

In

s.

their

to
largevillages

the north

begars

as

Uiwur.

and

There

of

Sanip Singh

his power,

and

parganahs within
Mubarakpur. Ramgarh

R"mgarh

place neighbourhood,

The

A chattri and

the

his

fort,which

limits

of

the

was

Singh, whose

father Padam

in

self
himestablishing
Singh made
called Ramgarh.

Padam
was

present tahsil
"

one

in Khilora.

the south of the town

well to

assisted

Govindgarh.

built the

two

succeeded

been

under

Ghasaolf,mentioned

extended

then

were

to have

Jaipur,and

villagein Jagirfrom

Khilora, the other

known

widow
mdha

Jodhi

ji became

satti,marks

the

possessedthe present Lachmangarh as


he opposed, or would
Partap Singh whom
of Ghasaoli,and Partap Singh having got

well

as

of the sacrifices.

scene

As detailed elsewhere,SariipSing,who
as

of
and

pressed

or

were
wealthy enough to build masonry houses.
Bhojpur, and the Chumars
Naruka
to have reoccupied Bhojpur. He seems
or 1803, Padam
Singh
ceived

by the Khanzada
placeprosperous,

Sati.

acting

1802

the

the

when

brethren

Ramgarh,

came

collision with

into

co-operatewith, againstthe

cruellymurdered

into his power


The

Khanzada

Thakur's manager,

Nand

not

him

him.

Lai,by the aid of a Meo

of

Khilora,escapedto Ramgarh

had
to evacuate
the fort.
some
eventually
Raja
of Khilora and Marakpur and the
then formed, consisting
The Tahsil of Ramgarh was
fort enlarged.
The
old parganahs were
summoned
to
of the two
Kanungoes or accountants
and
of
the
Khilora
traders.
most
Ramgarh,
It is thirteen miles
Besides the tahsil there is a thana and school at Ramgarh.
contains
900
and
inhabitants.
east of Alwar
5474
and
houses,
city,
It pays
Aldora, four miles east of Ramgarh, has 407 houses and 1437 inhabitants.
and its land may be
than any villagein the tahsil,
a higherrevenue
regardedas a type of the rich flooded land of the tahsil. There are
about
with
similar land, and
dozen villages
a
perhaps fifteen bearing crops worth
other
twenty-fiveper cent. less. However, the well-beingof Alaora, and many
is entirely
villages,
dependent upon the arrival of the waters of the Chuhar sidh,which
often do not reach so far; Alaora is said to have been formerlya more
considerable
than it is at present, and
four kos to the east of it is said to have
stone
a
village
its boundary.
marked
of the village
There was
said to have been constructed
once
a fine tank north-west
Ranf.
ruins
of
Beside
it
the
Musalmau
tomb.
a
are
an
by
eleganttwelve-pillared
where

he resisted

song

in

the

praiseof

the Rani

Ndswdrri, eight miles


warree,

is an

in the

annuls

there
victory

who

made

south-east

inconsiderable

won

time, but

for

by

of

but
village,

of British India
Lord

the tomb

Lake

on

on

is current.

Rdmgarh,
will be

account

November

for

of

far better known


ever

the

1st, 1803.

as

Las-

famous

important
A full account

of this

battle is not

no

I therefore insert a somewhat


easilyobtainable.
long
from
narrative based on
and partly extracted
Thorn's
historyof the war.
it
did
the
relations
British
with
Ulwur, and to some
Affectingas
permanent
extent with the neighbouring states,the victorywas
event most important
an
to

now

Rajputana.
After

Louis

the battle of

Bonquin, there

from

the

himself

Daeccan
to the

under

British

the

command

force at

powerfulforce
objectbeing to recover

made

Lake

force,which

marched

8th, 27th, and


76th

29th

Foot,

from

of which

the

on

Agra

borders

battalion of the

2d

latter surrendered

intact,and

prevent the capture of Agra by Lord

regardedby

was

were,

Lake,

Sindiah

as

His

Mewat.

of

27, 1803, againstthis

October

on

Dragoons,the 1st,2d, 3d, 4th, and

the

sent

prestige.

be

to

to

had

Dehli.

escapedfrom

had

M.

under

Siudiah

The

Dudernaique.

recapture

westward

known

was

Harhattas

the

his battalions remained

but

attempt

Dehli, the

of the first importance to his

Lord

Muttra,

no

defeated

Lake

of M.

others,which

two

This

Lord

fifteen regular
which
battalions,

still remained

indeed,augmented by
its

which

Dehli, in

consisted

army

Cavalry,His

6th Native

Native

15th

8th, 9th, 12th, and

of the
jesty's
Ma-

Infantry,

six companies of the 16th


Infantry,
Native Infantry,
of
1st
battalion
Native
llth
one
Infantry.
company
In the afternoon of the 29th October, a heavy cannonade
was
heard, which proved
the
of
to be occasioned
bombardment
which
Katumbar,
placethe enemy entirely
by
of twenty miles, leaving
destroyed. The next day the army effected a forced march
of
battalions
the heavy guns and baggage at Futtypur,under
the protectionof two
order
made
in
to
the
Native
4th brigade. Exertions
were
Infantry,belongingto
accelerate our advance
the
on
and,
accordingly, the 31st, we encamped
upon
enemy
;
the same
Katumbar
from the ground which, they had occupiednear
at a small distance
resolved
of findingthem
thus near, the commander-in-chief
morning. In consequence
of
the
head
them
the
immediate
effort
with
to
at
cavalry,
come
making an
upon
up
the

1st battalion

of

the

12th

and

15th

Native

"

with

whom

he might

baggage,till,
by
in the morning,
attack.
the

cavalrythe

that

the

British
of the
measures

enemy's
9000

six

consisted

were

upon

generalto make
infantry. The

o'clock ; and
up

an

and

of 17
4000

Lake

after

set

and

produced by

his

the whole

of

with

out

of

march

guns

orders to follow at three

confusion

the

their

seize

to

had

objectof his

the

with

regularbattalions
to 5000

the retreat, and


instant

enemy,

attack

cavalry.
that

across

in

such

them,

upon

their part,

on

defence, and

cuttingthe embankment*
for the passage

eleven

hours, came

72 guns,

for their

endeavour

and

miles,
twenty-five

pursuitabout

sunrise

on

1st November."

force

men,

enemy

employed,

advantage might be taken of


of this determination,General

night at

same

of the

them

junction of the British infantry,who

full

than

morning
The

about

keep

In pursuance

in littlemore
the

the

the

of

annoyance

the

nallah,the

road

infantry,to
our

our
was

the number

approachit

confusion

without

not

were

of
On

as

waiting

wanting
troops.
rendered

in

to

appeared

induce

the

for the arrival

the

With

of

adoption of
view, by

this

extremely difficult

a circumstance
which, while it impeded our progress, gave the
cavalry,
of
their rightbeing in front of
an
opportunity choosingan advantageousposition,
enemy
the village
of Laswaree, and thrown
back upon
the banks of which
were
so
a
rivulet,

very

steep

as

of

to be

extremelydifficult of
*

The

access

Hazari

; while

Bandh.

their left

was

upon

the

villageof

"J?s

"ftvfed
"*"**.
i\

IfSj,

^""?0"f$

^""*

0\"

'"^/.-

^"Z'r

ift"-?~

ffitf

^3i//

Xasware

^JNi^e^**"*

'""

te

"

'""""" ",

"'"-:..

K.

1^-

r-k

:l

mm

'

JP

-^'
"

0^

4.0.*^'^
Jaumporc +

-^?c^'"9?""
BATTLE
OF

LASWAREE.
FROM

THORN'S

CAPTAIN

A A.

ist

DD.

Position
British

Position

of

during British
of

SKETCH.

enemy's rightwing
Cavalryattack.

ditto

after

arrival

of

Infantry.
Position of ditto during attack of
DO.
British Infantry.
H.
2Qih Dragoons. E. British Infantry.

fire with

which

musketry,

behind

up

cumbrous

other

baggage, kept

fell in this

distinguishedby

was

of

the

in

the

engaged
remaining in
of

their

the

the

It arrived

perilouscontest
the

on

under

the

sun,

to

Macau

of the

fulfilment

their

effect of
with

presence
offer

an

favourable

the

command

rightwing,
villageof Mohaulpore, and
had

morning

been

place,which

The

second

General

left.

support

of
The

of

take

retreat

of

while

as

attached
of the
"

to

enemy

the

that

An

hour

generalcontinued

his

which

enemy,
their

entire

infantry,formed
the

into

of

composed

being appointed

"

of the

the

hostile

to attack

since

ever

force

round

lines,were

two

their

cavalryon

attack

who

be

could

might

The
had

formed

was

"

brought

right

occur

succeeded

between
up,

instructions
with

the

the

2d

togetherwith

the

of

and
the

command

and
the

2d

motions

them,

among

to

the

threatened

composed

"

Major-

cavalry drew

received

Vandeleur,

reserve

distinct batteries

four

the

order, by watching

that

vigour.

Gordon,

P. Vandeleur

wing, under

front,which

Macan,

John

line,in

our

in

Colonel

confusion

with

them

cavalry,formed

demonstration

Lieutenant-Colonel

of any

left

first column, while

the

cavalry,under

right of

advantage

infantry,forming the

support

while

to the

T.

twenty-five

enemy,

"

artillery,
having

to

of

as
field-pieces

many
to

directed

brigade

to

Colonel

Their

of

British

Lieutenant-Colonel

brigade, under
death

of the

infantry;

detached
to

enemy,

the

train

the

left,the first

the

on

rightflank

the

turn

approaching.
of

Mohaulpore.

on

was

3d

the

brigade,was
case

rejoin

to

returned.

was

back, thereby concentrating

numerous

column

St. John,

attention

the

of

false.

prove

columns

stronglyfortified.

was

by a
left appuyed

their

to

thrown

in front

defended

to

out

act

surrenderingall their

British

the

of Major-GeneralWare

under

their

brigade

refreshment, which

upon

of

answer

conditions,but
enemy

and

rest

the

the

still

guns

received

infantrywas
fatiguingmarch

two

"

force

in the

was

were

flict
con-

resolute
the

the

recall the

prudent

After

noon.

the

was

"

and

inequalityof
fire from

Colonel

preparationsfor an attack should


into
The
formed
infantrywere

that

severe

valour, in the

the

infantryrequired some

the

the

this

British

raging,the

conditions,to which

granted for the

the

dearly earned,

so

Though

charge,orders

commander-in-chief

the

to

sent

certain

upon

was

the

to

rivulet by

Meanwhile, such

was

message

guns

it

brave

the

thus

was

of the

banks

burning

ordered.

was

time

of

possession,
yet, for

our

we

all the guns

though

had

the

was

effects
render

to

as

enemy,

fourth

for the

men

galling

up

body."

While

miles

of the

just as
and, accordingly,

his

main

hands

destructive

the

in

British

object,such

their

carry

and

combat,

the

reach

leadingon

cavalry to

of

characteristics

all the

and

struggle;

severe

virtuallytaken and
immediately opposed to our troops were
what
and
bullocks
of draught
the want
infantry to secure
taken could be brought away.
only two out of the number
firmness

entrenchment

deep

great execution.

did

their side also numbers

On

drawn

were

by backeries,carts, bullocks,and

covered

"

battalions,which

Their

rear.

our

upon

on

of
in
1st
the

3d

brigades;
galloperguns

for the support of the

operations

infantry.
Such

interval
enemy

the

was

allowed
;

on

whose

dispositionof

for the

failure

marching along
broken
ground

the
as

they

were

of

performance
to

the

amidst

force,and

our

fulfil what
banks

that

for

discerned,and

of
some

it

was

the

they
the

the

plan of

conditions
had

rivulet

time

attack

drawn

in

up

the

of surrender

proposed by the
promised, the British infantryproceeded,
under
of the high grass, and
cover

concealed

ascertained

their advance.

that their

objectwas

As

soon,
to

turn

ever,
howthe

H9

threw
back
their rightwing, under cover
of
instantly
of
the
head
which
suffered considerably.
our
column,
artillery
against
heavy
At the same
time, our four batteries began to play with no less vigour ; and
the whole
continued
to advance
cannonade, in spiteof the
during this tremendous
and weight of metal
beth in numbers
of the enemy's artillery,
vast superiority
which
well
showers
of
the
assailants
served,
from
was
uncommonly
grape being poured upon
large mortars, as well as from guns of heavy calibre. The effect of the fire,which
terrible in the extreme, was
felt with peculiarseverityby the 76th Regiment,
was
which
fine body, by leadingthe attack,as usual became
the direct objectof destruction.
flank

of

the

the

enemy,

latter

of
discharges

the loss of this corps, that the commander-iu-chief

So great,indeed,was
it advisable

closed

hasten

to

consistingof

the

the attack
battalion

2d

to the front,and

with

that

regiment

of the

12th

and

to wait

till the

five

those

and

companies
of the

remainder

deemed

of the native
of the

column

infantry,

16th, which

should

had

be

formed,
delayedby unavoidable impediments."
this resolution was
within reach
When
of the
adopted,and the gallantband came
enemy's canister shot,a most gallingfire was poured on them from the whole train of
the enemy'i artillery.
At this moment
the enemy's cavalryattempted to charge,but
the infantryeffectually
but with the manifest
checked it,and it recoiled,
intention of
it
another
attack.
Lake
General
order
attack
So
to
to be
an
trying
judged prudent
the British cavalry,which
made
them
from
in turn
service being entrusted
upon
of
to
to His Majesty's29th
was
Dragoons,
performed the entire satisfaction
Regiment

whose

advance

of the

order

been

much

commander-in-chief.
This

"

had

behind

regiment, which

our

render

had

support the main

to

attack,had

battery,the fire from

their situation

of the enemy,

halted

which

banks

along the

for that purpose

occasioned

in

violent

so

of

the

hollow
in

one

partlyconcealed

the shot

exceedinglytrying; for,though
rolled and ploughed up the ground

the most

mischievous

in every

rivulet,in

immediately
return

to

as

the view

from

direction

among

which
was
dered
renposition,
of waiting in a state of passiveendurance, the
more
painful by the necessity
devolved upon Captain
loss the command
whose
on
gallantMajor Griffiths was killed,
order arrived for the regiment to charge;
At length,however, the welcome
Wade.
than
it was
which
w
as
no
sooner
as
injunction
promptly obeyed,and the troops
given
posted,by files,
gallopedout of the narrow
they had been so perilously
passage, where
the ground would not admit
of a largerfront.
as
On forming up on the outer flank of the 76th Regiment,the cavalrywas
greeted
sudden
three cheers,which
whose
with
the
re-echoed
on
was
by
dragoons,
heartily
made
the
to charge our
a
infantry,
enemy's horse,after having advanced
appearance
The
An
awful
breathless
of
retreat.
ensued.
now
expectation
precipitate
pause
our

ranks, with

previouslymoved

effect.

While

in this

"

of
artillery

numerous

the

meditated

enemy

scene

was

shot

watch

to

destruction

heightenedby

charger having been

whose

seemed

attack, by pouring

of the

interest

the

under

the

him,

an

upon

narrow

his

opportune
their

escape

of

to frustrate

moment

assailants.
the

The

affecting

commander-in-chief,

gallantson, Major George Lake, while

horse to" the general,


wounded
was
tenderinghis own
by his side. This
touching incident had a sympatheticeffect upon the minds of all that witnessed it,and
fervour
diffused an enthusiastic
the troops, who
appeared to be inspiredby it
among
in the act of

with

more

charge;

and

than

ordinary heroic ardour.

though

piecesof cannon,

it

which

was

The

followed
instantly

drowned

every

other

cavalry trumpet
by

the

call but

thundering
an

sounded

now

instinctive

roar
sense

of

of

to

the

hundred

duty, the

150

25th

The 29th, now


into the thick of battle.
rushed
spirit,
through
Dragoons, piercedwith the impetuosityof lightning

with

whole, animated

of

Regiment

and

detachment

which

the

made

posture

wheel

to the

; and

after

left to

charge the
the

enemy's

of the

rear

29th

them

body, and

the

to

from

guns

achievement,

this

assumed

had

horse,who

pursuing

main

after

Dragoons,

our

12th, 15th,

the

Infantry,seized the

Native

The

driven.

completelyrouting and

cavalry fell upon

our
hills,

of

shot

instantlyby

up

Regiment, supportedby

76th

Regiment

justbeen

had

enemy

16th

the

of

of the

head

at the

chief,who,

veteran

both

fire of grape

tremendous
enemy's infantry,in the face of the most
generalvolleyof musketry. This advantage was followed

lines of the
and

the

one

menacing
the

through

pass

off their retreat.

entirelycut

rapid operations,the infantrystill continuingto press forward, routed


the enemy
they were
againstwhom
opposed,and succeeded in drivingthem towards a
and
in the rear
about
which
met
of the village,
small mosque
charged by
they were
of our
remainder
of the first column
the British cavalryin various directions.
The
During

these

infantry came
formed

was

Ware

fell

in the

his loss

head

continued

and
activity,
"

the

The

in the

exercise

till the
intrepidity

whole

of their

inch

; and

guns

Major-General

by

was

excellent

an

the whole

After

army.

Colonel Macdonald, who,

upon

importanttrust

though
judgment,

the utmost

with

obstinacy in defending their positionto

determined

last,contending every point

lost the

devolved

of the

He

which

enemy,

close of the action.

persistedwith

enemy

deeply lamented

and

of this column

the

the battle

shot.

cannon

of

reserve

periodof

this

At

off by

carried

severelyfelt

was

death,the command

wounded,

being

of the

attack

join the

to

of their first line.

rear

dead, his

and
officer,
his

time

just in

up

by inch, and

their situation

then, when

even

till

refusingto give way

they

become

was

had
perate,
des-

their left
to manifest
the same
they still continued
disposition,
courageous
but
this attempt was
trated
fruswing endeavouringto effect their retreat in good order ;
by the 27th Regiment of Dragoons,and the 6th Regiment of Native Cavalry,
commanded
of the 8th Light Dragoons,who
John Vaudeleur
by Lieutenant-Colonel
broke into their column, cut many
and
to pieces,
captured the rest,with the whole
of the baggage.
The
loss sustained
by the British army in accomplishingthis victorywas great,
to
about
amounting
eighthundred in killed and wounded ; but that of the enemy far
"

exceeded

it,for, with

the
prisoners,

whole

alone

field of

on

the

of

the
of

exception

their

battle could

of

who

thousand

two

battalions

seventeen

hardly have

surrendered

destroyed,

less than

been

themselves
that

so

were

the

dead

thousand

seven

men.

their

cavalrywere enabled, by the fleetness of their horses and local


had
the good fortune to
the rest, except those who
escape destruction,
conceal themselves
the bazaar people,were
numbered
with the slain.
among
the
of
the
Mahratta
commander
abandoned
the field on
"Ahajee,
an
army,
elephantrichlycaparisoned,which, on findinghimself closelypressed by the British
and
in gettingoff,as
dragoons,he relinquished,
mounting a swift horse, succeeded

Though some
knowledge,to

our

men

were

unable,

from

the

exhausted

state

of

their

continue

horses,to

the

pursuit.
"

the

The

which
battle,

terminated

enemy's bazaars,with

elephants,camels, and
five thousand
with

ammunition

stand
and

the

above
of

arms,

three

camp
sixteen

at

four

o'clock,gave

equipage
hundred

and

money,

baggage,a

the

victors

considerable

bullocks,seventy-two

forty-fourstands

with

to

of

number

piecesof

colours, sixtyfour

besides fifty-seven
carts

the whole

tumbrils

of
of

cannon,

laden

containingstores

of

151

of prime quality
The militaryapparatus and supplies
were
; and
descriptions.
serviceable.
with the exceptionof nine guns, was
in particular,
perfectly
the ordnance
with
the British cavalry,
the
in
the
conflict
of
morning
the
commencement
early
From
of
discovered
the
in
the
a firmness
evening,
to the close of the generalaction
enemy
various

resolution and

which

of death

contempt

the

their opponents, whose

energiesin

could

their ardour, or

nothing

repress

could

strained

struggle

were

the

withstand

utmost, though

the

to

exertions.

of their united

impetus

of

the admiration

command

fail to

not

engaged constituted the flower of


characterised
were
of pre-eminentdistinction,
Scindiah's establishment, and, by way
tion
Their total overthrow, therefore,
Invincibles."
Deccan
completedthe humiliathe
as
his
that
which
him
of
chief
Mahratta
of this formidable
by depriving
power

The

with

battalions

seventeen

whom

our

aid

of the

were

army

"

the

with
military superiority,

him

force,enabled

French

in

maintain

to

Hindoostan.

made

against the

abilities

of

war,

evidence

conflict gave

indeed, every

militaryknowledge,through their

in

exercised

were

the

to

utmost

therebyoverthrowing

in the

dominion

our

provement
the im-

of

with

connection

exasperatingthe

in

forming their subjectsinto hardy

in

English,and

the view

with

the natives

by

whose

French,

the

eventful

this

Throughout

"

and

chiefs

soldiers,
disciplined

East."

fullyexhibited,for
European arrangement and
army
discipline.Considering,therefore,the enemy's advantages in point of trainingand
their superiorityin number
compared with the British actuallyengaged,and
position,
the victorywas
British
the
the fatigue
troops had endured previousto the battle,
indeed a glorious
one.
The cavalry,
after marching forty-two
miles in less than twenty-fourhours, were
the

On

present occasion

instruction

effect of French

displayedall the

Mahratta

the

the

was

of

characteristics

"

with

hotly engaged
of

pressing

the whole

nature

so

for

the

food

or

were

called into immediate

water

force of
this

was

space

the

of twenty

from

enemy

tryingservice
hours.

sunrise

till

; and

sunset

near

that the horses

were

actuallywithout

On

with

the enemy,

coming
it,with

exercise,and continued

up

they

little cessation,
under

very

till the arrival of the infantry,


who also had undergone extraordinary
painfuldisadvantages,
miles in forty-eight
fatigueand hardship,in forced marches of sixty-five
hours."

During

the

the

day

the

shot

His

Excellencyled the
of the

head
on

showered

the

76th

enemy's

Commander-m-Chief
him

around

cavalryto

Regiment, with
line and

on

had

with
continually

the onset, and


whom

their

he

reserve

the

killed under

horses

two

the afternoon

in

conducted

In

fury.

utmost

about

morning

he advanced

all the attacks

posted in and

him, and

the

that

at the

made

were

of
the fortified village

Malpur.
"

most

But

among

the trialswhich
the accident

distressingwas

attended
Regiment, who
secretary throughout the
account

already been

has

troops againstthe

shot,upon
horse
was

which

which

enemy,
his

he rode.

prevailed upon

belonging to

one

of

son

the

that

befel

Lake

on

his

that

day,the

94th
gallantson, Major Lake,
his father in the capacity of aide-de-campand military
whole
of which
an
campaign. In that part of the battle,
detailed,while the Commander-in-Chief
was
leadingon his
his horse
fell under
him, after being piercedby several
dismounted, and urged his father to accept the
instantly

This
to

exercised the fortitude of Lord

was

at

of

first refused, but

comply, when, just as


troopers,he received

the
a

after

Major

severe

some

had

wound

the

entreaty,the General
mounted

from

another
a

cannon

horse
shot

in

152

(
the presence

of his

father.

Parental

the blood-stained

field.

affection

suspended for a while by the sense


of publicduty,and the General proceeded with unrelaxed vigourin the prosecution
of
the great objectthat was
all
others
after
and
to
paramount
accomplishingwhich,
;
remaining master of the field,he bad the consolation to find that his brave and
affectionate son, though severelywounded, was
ment
likelyto do well,and prove an ornato his country." He
recovered,but was killed on the 17th August 1808, at the
stormingof the heightsof Roleia,in Portugal.
The settingsun, after this busy and sanguinaryday,presenteda spectacle
to the
beholder calculated
with
for
while
he
of
emotions
to agitatehis mind
a
variety
;
could not but feel grateful
which
the
result
laurels
of the conflict,
and exult in the
at
rewarded
the victors,his sympathy was
awakened
in contemplating the extensive
plain covered with the bodies of the dead, and hearingon all sides the groans of the
wounded
and the dying. This terrific picture
was
heightened by successive explosions
of powder magazines and
tumbrils
of ammunition, which
shook the atmosphereand
obscured
the horizon with tremendous
clouds of sulphuroussmoke.
If anythingcould
cane,
add to such a scene
of woe,
it was
the approach of a murky night,indicating
a hurrithat came
with
till it spread an
furious rapidity,
indescribable degree of
on
was

"

horror

over

"On

the

tilllate in the

evening,the
of Laswaree
village
and
that of Impurah or Singrah. A
battalion of infantrytook charge of the
of Sagepoorah, lyingabout midway
collected togetherat the village
prisonerswho were
between
the British camp
and
the ill-fated villageof Mohaulpoor, which, from its
situation in the midst
of the fury of the battle,
reduced to ashes.
was
now
Shortly
the
with
the
liberated
the
Commander-in-Chief
all
afterwards,
prisoners,
exceptionof the
whom
he thought it prudentstill to retain."
principalofficers,
amounting to forty-eight,
In Brigade Orders, Colonel
Macan, commanding 3d CavalryBrigade,requested
Mr. Lyss and Mr. Newvan, surgeons
of the 29th
Dragoons,to accept his best thanks
for their humane
and successful exertions in bringingoff the wounded, though with the
peans,
the natives,as well as the Eurogreatest personalrisk to themselves,and in affording
arrival of the

victorious troops

assistance

every

The

equipage,which

camp

pitched their tents

near

was

not

the rivulet between

the

in their power.

total loss in the battle

was

follows

as

:
"

Killed.

Europeans

95

Natives

77
Horses

His

Majesty's 76th

killed and

wounded

wounds.

In

who

fell

"

Killed,wounded,

"

Foot

lost

killed and

13 officers were

officers the

29th

311
341

and

than twice

more

29

Light Dragoons

Wounded.

missing,553.
as

many

wounded,

suffered

as

other corps both in

any

of whom

two

Those

most.

of

died of their

highestrank

of the 8th Light Dragoons, and


Major-GeneralWare, Colonel Vandeleur
Major Griffith of the 29th LightDragoons,and Major Campbell,Deputy-Quarter-Master
General.
were
Seventy-onepiecesof ordnance were captured,of which seven
heavy
brass guns, and
iron guns were
The
of European manutwo
were
facture,
heavy iron ones.
the brass were
Dutch
sions
cast in India
one
six-pounderexcepted. The dimenwere

"

were
were

general those

of the

French.

Large quantitiesof

stores

of all kinds

also taken.
On

the

in

the 8th

of November

air,from the number

the army

of dead

carcases

left the blood-stained

of

men

and

fields of

beasts,had

Laswaree, where

become

highlyoffen-

153

we

way
the

back the
marches, proceedingvery leisurely
the sick and wounded,
reached Paiashur, and the day following,

several days of

After

give.

we

came,

both

time

which

it gave
of the

"

On

Chief

"

off to

The

halted

here

same

with

of the recent

British.

the 14th

with

sent

were

the fame
and

near

easy

Agra.
fortnight,
during
army
the Rajas,
victoryhaving spread in every direction,
to the
Indus, rejoicedin the opportunity
distant,from the Jumna
Mahratta
of throwing off the
them
yoke,and eagerlysought the protection

capturedguns,

which

the

treaty of defensive

Raja of

the local situation

and

His

Macherree.

of this

resources

by the Commander-iucapitalor strongholdis Ulwur; and from


chief,he had it in his power to impede or

alliance

was

concluded

into the northern parts of Hindoostan."


repelevery incursion of the Mahrattas
of
nine
miles
north-east
Ramgarh, is remarkable for the tomb of Lai Das,
Sherpur,
the neighbouring
whose
to Sherpur from
body is said to have come
and
burial.
of
six
months
after
death
The
Bhartpurvillage Nagla,
tomb
is a very substantial
building 100 feet long,with a high dome, and
masonry
walls 5 feet thick.
The interior is vaulted
The
and low.
body of Lai Das lies in a
of Lai Das's familywere
crypt several feet below the surface. Many other members
interred at Sherpur.
It was
of Ramgarh.
miles north-east
held by
Nogdwan, a largevillageseven
Pathans,and was once very prosperous, and the columns
lyingabout
the village,
and traces of old gardens,
tell of better days. To the west
of the village
is a Dargah or
Musalman
shrine, said to be as old as the Ajinf*
Dargah.
There
is a small Raj fort here.
In A.D.
1857, one hundred Raj bullocks
their way
via Nogawan to Firozpur,for the use
of the British
were
on
troops.
Their escort was
attacked just beyond Nogawan by the Meos
and the Baniyas. The
with
the fort-commandant.
inhabitants of the villagestoutlywent
to its assistance,
principal
The Meos
surrounded
them, and the commandant, Man Singh by name,
and of the Nogawan people.
was
killed,togetherwith many of his men
The stream
of the Lindwah
passes by Nogawan.
in the state.
It is eightmiles
Mubdrakpur, the most prosperous Khanzada
village
north-east of Ramgarh, has 224
The
and
2577
inhabitants.
houses,
is said to have been formerlyPathan, but for centuries Khanvillage
zadas

have held it.

C/iardonda,eleven miles north


remarkable

for

shrine

to

Devi,

of

Ramgarb,

called

Devi

very

small

thdn, beside

kd

on
village
an

the border,but

able
agree-

which
spring in the border hills,
overhangs the village.This
shrine was
and
used to make
much
handsome
formerly
respected, high officialseven
hold the village,
have
offerings. But the Meos, who now
deprivedthe priestof the
bestowed
rent-free grant once
the proprietors
of which
by the village,
were
formerly
The
latter
and
are
now
Gujars.
depressed cultivators,
complain bitterly.The proprietorshi
of Charaonda
is vested nominallyin twenty-two villages
of Nai Meos and
the Khanzada
the village
villageof Marakpur, which, when
was
deserted,undertook
Meos
of this neighbourhood gave
to repopulateit.
The
M.
R. Bakhtawar
Singh
much
called
and
a
were
trouble,
fort,
Raguuathgarh,was built,and largevillages

broken

up

Nikach
from

land,

and

into small
is in the

which
the

ones.

valleylyingbetween

it is nine miles distant.

Meos

of it,like

those

the double
This

round

garh,
range of hills north-west of Ram-

valleyhas much
Ragunathgarh, were

rich
so

154

under the hill,


Singh drove the peopleaway from their village
them
live
in a number
to
and
which
compelled
built,
near
a fort called Bajrangarhwas
desirous of
The
peopleare now
of small hamlets
scattered about the villagelands.
returningto the old villagesite,which is on uncultivated ground,whereas the present
that Bannf

troublesome

habitations occupy

of the best arable land.

some

Bdndoli,five miles north

There

is

public tank

Alwar

The

Tahsil

the state which


and is 496
Its

at

at

no

Bandoll, built

square miles

has

in extent, and

statistics
see

revenue

The
the two

It has been

of 152,000.
population

follows

as

"

than

more

other

any

of the catchment

nallahs,the Ruparel and


importantirrigating

most

places

are

Appendix.

Tahsil contains

Ulwur

of his

adjoinsRamgarh on the west. It is the only tahsil in


pointtouches foreignterritory.It is situated in Mewat

and castes, are


parganahs,villages,

For

of Lai Das's

one

here.
family
of Kho, high up on the hill,
adjoiningvillage
Das's placesof retirement.
of
marks
Lai
one
fortyyears ago by one Hup Das.

building,which

conspicuousmasonry

as

of several members

the tombs

the limits of the

Within

It is well known

Ramgarh.

residence,and

of
B"ndoli.

is

of

alreadyexplainedthat but

portionof the

areas

the Chuhar

waters

of the

of

Sidh-

Ruparel

its tributaries may be detained in Ulwur.


The most
important part of
held
back
the
Sileserh
what does remain is
bandh already
mentioned.
From
by
and

Sileserh

which, conveyed by

the water

comes

canal,beautifies the environs

city. The stream which flows down the Sileserh valley to join the
dahri land,and the Ruparel and Chuhar
Sidh have
Ruparel producessome
of
the villages
of kdtli in most
a few acres
alongtheir banks, and here and
at
there some
dahri, notably BanjirNagla.
of the

The

Sixty feet
20

to 35

is

feet is

old
does

of Mala

pargana
Siwai Jai Singh of

sanads

from

Some

Jai

of the

Tahsil

to

are

largeextent

grass, game,

and

(p.103),
at

which

to

find water

(exceptin

the

and
hills),

ordinarydepth.

the

recorded

are

of the

an

depth

extreme

an

Ulwur

elsewhere

detailed

as

date of

The

Ulwur

hills of the

extensive

"wood reserves,

papers
not

in which

appear,

Khera

seem

but
to

the

they

and

areas

said

are

have been

of many

jammas
be

to

as

old

preparedwhen

it

Jaipur ; the date is s. 1782 (A.D.1725). The

Singh,dated s. 1777, and from


entered as
principal
villages
are

Madho

Singh,s.

follows

:
"

of.
villages

Akbar.

as

1819.

held

Those

by M.
Kanungoes have
was

156

holdingwas numbered, and full statisticsrecorded and


regarding ownership, the character of buildingsand tenements, "c.
buildingsof most note in the city are
(1.)The Raja'spalace,built chiefly
by M. R. Banni Singh. It contains
potent surveyor

lated
tabu-

; every

The

"

fine courts, and


the
of

; the

room

from

view

the roof

in

Singh

of the

templesunder it,and
is considered
almost
foreground,

the

R. Bakhtawar

fort,has

the

tanks

some

latter,
comprising

and

cenotaph

unique, and

well

very

visit

(2.)The
notice.

cenotaph of

It is

of this

says

Darbar

with
fort,rocky hill-side,

Bakhtawar

worth

beautiful

of its class
The

very

found

is to be

as

in

Singh,under

the

foliated

with

up

India, of

Jagdnath,in

of

Temple

It makes

"

cenotaph :

M.

specimenof the

fine

chief

attracted

much

arch

segmental

or

its domes

its age

the

style. Fergusson
as pleasing
a group
pavilions

and

least."

at

is
market-place,

the most

conspicuousof

its

class.
The
main

domed

Emperor
the

near

Khan.

are

several

palace gate

is
The

been

named

old

in

Revenue

used

now

crossingof
Tarang Sultan,brother of

one

small covered

as

store-house.

the
the

bazaar.

bearing inscriptions.The

mosques

; it is

of most

shrine

killed in battle

inside

account

in the

time

Court-Eouse, erected when


handsome

environs

at

square

Office is under

The

sort of

the

Tirpoliacovers

of

Its

considerable

most

date, expressed in

is

tence,
sen-

of

the

city is

Kutbuldin

that

Aibak.

of

Bhikan,

one

street

and

said

mosque

after him.

fine

stands

It forms

the

said to be that

tomb,

969.

H.

Mussulman

to have

old

an

Firoz

There

are

called
buildinginappropriately
It is

streets.

Captain Impey

the

to

entrance

the

Political

Agent
palace. Opposite it
was

Ulwnr,

at
a

suitable

construction.

of the

been

ment,
mapped by the TopographicalSurvey Departwell
delineated.
buildingsare
The gardens, especially
the Banni
Bilds,and ground watered by the canal from the
Sileserh Lake, have been already spoken of,as also has the lake itself pp. 29, 91, 103.
The
largestbuildingsnear and outside the cityare
(1.)The Fort, which stands just 1000 feet above the Tirpolia. It contains a
chiefs of Ulwur.
Its
palace and buildingserected chieflyby the first two Nanika
miles.
It is
the valleyfor about
two
ramparts extend alongthe hill top, and across
said to have been built by Nikumpa
Rajputs, and has undoubtedly been in the hands
Narukas.
of Khanzadas, Mughals, Pathans, Jats, and
Probably its
successively
and

its

cityhave

roads,gardens, and

main

"

"weakest

is that

point

both

outworks,

two

wall.

One

northern

Governor

It

mentioned.
the

Near

the

known

as

Jhang

was

appear

to

was

the

as

old

approach to

Chitanki;

is

palace,an
of M.

the work

being

station

Fatah

on

Ulwur.

fort

and

which

is

the

other

the

of

town

"

Below
to

the

fort

are

strengthenthe city

work,

doubt, of

no

Khurd.

Kdbul
Bilas

the

over

elegant
R.

erected.
the

Bhartpur
Its dome

is

road

in the

garden already

Singh.

Banni

It will be

situated

structure

public railway station,a privateone

his household
Near

"

Banni

lies

protect the

to

is known

(2.)The

which

very
is

for

the

handsome
fine

use

of the

and

building.

Musalraan

conspicuousand

Maharaja

tomb

ornamental

a
Jhang's.
At least his Hindoo
of note.
probably a Khanzada
is
which
be indicated by the fact of the inscription,

of

A.D.

object.
extraction

the

1547,
Fatah
would

only memorial

(
inscriptionI have

givesthe
"

Hindi

Sambat

awal

The
the

suburbs
The

constructed

of the

Stables

have

been

Sileserh Lake

the

the

the

plainsfive

was

to

have

his

been
It

son.

fine

houses

Hindi,

and

fort

on

in

are

of

process

ul

of

use

in

the

There

erection.

the

Residency,

and

by

and

to

up

was

ground,

and

in

reappears

are

The

the

One

of

I have
It is

south

of

Khanzada

or

largebazaars, numerous
temples has an inscriptionin
with

Jain

to

get either deciphered.

occupiedby Raj Sepoys.

Ulwur

railroad,has 632

the

on

It

garrisoned fort.

Nahir

Bahadar

unable

been

formerly

is said

town

famous

the

It

houses.

930

habitants,
principalin-

service.

town
flourishing

town.

miles

on

either

in Arabic, but

it,and

under

the

Saiyads

tombs.

the

interceptthe
expected to create a

thrown

or

of Ulwur, contains

absent

are

and

built

sinks,flows

pargana.

revived

near

round

for the

principalworks

the

are

Partap Singh'sbandh,

as

water

extensive

Kliera,twelve

rampart

temples

stands

fine tank

city,a

principalgardens,
been

north-east

them

an

well, one

rock

Mdla
has

with

Rabi

of Ulwur.

east

or

once

the

Tahsti

the

have

the

miles

of

many

from

Tijara road,

and

One, known

founded
was

Kotwdli

fort,but

headquarters of
but

pal tarlkh, 27 Mah

city.

Baliddurpur, eleven
the

the

connecting

six miles

or

half

embankments

rains.

under

It

"

jail on

roads

pr

wafat

Jang Khan,

mile and

built,and

dams

of the

fine lake

of

with

Several
streams

were

metalled

good

character.

"

begun during the minority of the late Chief, Sheodan


Singh.
laid out
ment
by M. R. Sheodan
Singh, and since the establishAdministration
in A.D
1870, the High School, Dispensary,and

or

Council

being in N"gari
Hijira. It runs thus

monument,
of the

excellent

public gardens

are

tarikh

Residency,about
an

Ulwur

an

the year

as

955, Fatah

san

niii dini

city,and

on

well

as

1604,

Gumbaz

with

met

date

157

gives its

to

name

It

houses.

Mdla

Kliera.

pargana.

"dleta, sixteen
2098
M.

miles

inhabitants.

R.

Banni

There

considerable

very

nine

Dehra,
but

pargana,

through

great Meo
born

at

the

Fair

Bdnsur,

Wai

it

on

Sidh

Chuhar

the

to

the

Thakurs

lying

in

Das

hills

1606

Dub

Dass
at

overhanging it

and

of

the

It is 330

of

Ulwur,

the
was

the

entrance

the

to

(p. 53).

Tahsils, adjoins the Ulwur

of it is in the
south

Charan

Dhaoli

is at

is in the

villageof a
valleyjust north-west

hills of which

the

place.

of Khetri

(p.123).

houses, and

chief

is the

pargana

middle

Part

tract

populationof 67,000.

Lai

the

Ulwur,

takes

Raja

451

pargana.
of

shrine

has

It

Ulwur.

no

it.

produced by

of

houses,and

too,

lake,and

no

416

It has

village. Here,

it forms

flows,and

of

last of the

the west.

(vale?),a

Shekhawat

Sidh

residence

Putli, belonging
bound

name

north-west

Chuhar

the

to

this

at

is

south-west

the hills.

close to

but

land

already mentioned

Dehra.

valley,and

furnaces

The
insignificant.

now

which

its

miles

seven

iron

largedam,

miles

It gave

Ulwur,

of valuable

extent

Akbarpur,
inhabitants.

are

built

Singh

of

south

Tahsil.

Kot

Jaipur territory
Rdht, part in the

Raht,
square

and
miles

occupied chieflyby
in extent, and

has

158

These

All the Thakurs

Thakurs.
For

revenue

The

only

work
to the

The

are

lands

which

on

held

were

Shekhawat

by

Chauhan

or

illoff.

now

In

hollows.

loamy

(an important

the

deep hollows

Bansiir.

town

assessed the Tahsil,remarks

inspected and

who

bandh

the Babaria

below

recentlyexpended),and

been

of the country is for the

surface

with
alternating

has

sum

to the

near

established

those

are

large

of and

south

which

estates

see
statistics,
Appendix.

flooded

Captain Abbott,
"

old

parganahs are

part undulating

most

these

have

parts we

soils

regardingit

raised bars of

varying

from

"

sand,

good

The
Narainpur pargana, the greater part of the
of the Rampur, Hajipur, and
portions
Hamirpur
pargana,
hard
and
rich
have
a
soil,generallycapableof yieldingtwo harvests.
parganahs
The Sabf river forms the greater part of the boundary with the Jaipurstate.
It
flows with considerable force for a few days in the year, and then dries up.
It is
chiefly
regardedas a nuisance,owing to the uncertaintyof the direction of its flow,
in which
and the persistent
it cuts into the villagelands bordering on
it,or
way
compensation by leavinga good
depositsa layer of sand ; it, however, affords some
These
portion of its bed fit to bear rabi crops by the aid of peculiarmanure.

loam

to

sandy soil.

poor

very

the

and

Garhi

eastern

"

areas

The

further
in
the

called

are
11

many

next

KdtlV
in size is the

stream

joins the Sabi.

on

'

parts

Rampur

cultivation.
ones

'

which

and
hills,
The
flow

'

Kullur

Kdtli

are

crops

interferes with

flowingnorth

only

which, risingsouth,flows past Narainpur,and

one

other

past Harsorn,

streams

into the Babaria

in

grown

bed of this stream, too, but

the

Another

good produce.

of

any

basin,where

affords

importance
their waters

stream, rising in

considerable
are
are

the

for Kdtli

area

collection

retained

by

of little

the bandh

there constructed."
Much

trouble has been

by Rajputs of the Jaipurvillageof Rajnota,who,


in the adjoining
Ulwur villages,
have refused to pay a fair rent,
of giving trouble on the border to facilitate the evasion.
tain
Capcaused

land
after cultivating
trustingto their power
has
Abbott, as Settlement officer,
there can
be no questionof the amount
The
is

never

The

depth
more

of wells in
than

Bansur, from

70 feet,and

mudzinas, or

old

pargana

fixed the rent

which
the

of these

should

20

papers, bear

to

so

that

in future

be

surface of

usually from

lands

paid.
the ground

to

the water

level,

30.

dates,F.

1152

A.D.1739),and
(i.e.,

H.

159

(
972

A.D.
(i.e.,

and

the

followingfiguresafford comparison between

The

1564).

)
that

period

present:

"

comprisingpargana
accordingto muazina of H. 1152, of six villages,
Chind,
Bhubserah,
Bamanwas,
Hamirpur,
Kishorpura,
Hajipur (namely,Hajipur,
Bhuriawas),12,708 bighas.
Total

area,

Total

Jamma

of

of do.,Rs. 6485.

according to Settlement

of do.

Present

area

Present

Jamma

settlement

8464

survey,

bighas.

do., Us. 10,841.

of

of H. 972, comprisingpargana
accordingto muazina
villages,
of Rampur
(namely,Mothiika, Fatahpur,Kaliannagar,Mandh, Mudli, Ghat, Balawas
Basna, Mukandpur, Lohech, Toda), 24,000 bighas.
Total

of twelve

area

of

Total Jamma
Present

of

area

do.,accordingto Settlement
of

Present Jamma

It has 620

rocky

The

houses
hill

and

over

but
city,

inhabitants.

2930

againstthe

first of those

here, the

built

which

than

more

There

town.

thirtyby

is

model

everywhereto

are

neighbourhoodof

buildings. The

placeof the old make-shift


for its fine

of Ulwur

twenty miles north-west

road.
practicable
fort
on
garrisoned

tahsil office has been

26,365 bighas.

survey,

do.,Rs. 11,890.

is situated

Bdnsur
any

do.,Rs. 19,403.

the

take

is remarkable

the town

bargat trees.
of

pagana

which

Bansur

and
(or the forty-twovillages),

is the
was

chief

Shekhawat

known

was
village,

Thakur's

estate.

as

the

There

"

Bealisi,"

were

three

such estates.
tants.
Narainpur is twelve miles south of Bdnsur. It has 1087 houses and 4460 inhabiinhabitants
has already been
Enough regardingits Shekbawat
with
that
of
Garhi
said (p.123). The
Mamtir, is composed
pargana,
The town
is a very ancient place. See
of the three Shekhawat
of the second
estates.
of
General Cunningham's "Ancient
India."
Geography
The parganahs of Narainpur and Garhi Mamiir
forms the Wai or the main portion
of it.
Garhi

sion
the

There

during

of

is

Mdmur

inhabitants.

the

pargana

Itdmpur

is six miles
was

littlefort here which

disturbances

of Garhi

This

south-east of Bansiir.

eightmiles
is

Mamiir

the seat

was

south
of

of

east

1870.

The

off-shoot of

an

of Bansiir.

Chauhan

It has 251

the Shekhawats
old

estate

houses

took

poses-

which

forms

and

1076

M"Lm"ir.

Narainpur.
It has

familywhich

1013

held

houses

the

and

5289

tants.
inhabi-

and
village

it,which

form
the Rampur
The
togethernow
pargana.
old positionof the family,whose
still live at Bansiir,but in
representatives
duced
very rehas
been
in
the
of
the
considered
settlement
circumstances,
village.
It has 332
Ifarsora is eight miles north-east of Bansiir.
houses and
habitants
in2750
with
the
about
formed
Chauhan
estate
a
It,
it,
villages
;
but the Chauhans
were
entirely
deprivedof the management of their
and are not now
regardedas proprietors.
villages,
The
Hamirpur is eightmiles east of Bansur.
Houses, 153.
Population,2357.
and
of
third
formed
Shekhawat
the
Hamirpur
Hajipur
parganahs

about

others

Hanifrpur.
estate.

ffdjipur,six
"

1876.

miles

east

of Bansur.

Houses, 404.

Population,
H"jipur"

Tdlbirich

is

for

is famous

It

Narainpur.

five miles east of


Riipparelvalley,
which
flow
into bathing
springs,

of the

the head

at

pretty spot

very

160

hot

lch*

to which

tanks, and
water

into

passes

else iu the

of

wood

tdl

Cenotaphs

state.

other

and

medicinal

trees,which
(pentaptera)
Thakurs

of Shekhawat

are

virtues
are

attributed.

are

The

scarcelyanywhere

found

afford shelter,

situated,and

the tank.

near

DIVISIONS.

SOUTHERN
is the most

Katumbar

on
Bhartpnr territory
three sides of it,and some
Bhartpnr villagesare isolated within
is 122 square
Its area
miles, and its populationabout 39,000.

its limits.

Its

tahsil has

The

see
statistics,

revenue

crop

rates

of

revenue

67

which

of
villages,

74

parganahs and fiscal villagesare

For

as

Appendix.
prevalentare

are

follows:

fiscal and

14

(well)

follows

as

Sonkar.

.50

(denkli)
Barley (well)
(denkli)

..28

"

"

Cotton

"

Corn

Indian
Gram

Moth

crops

remoter

are

nallah

18
...

....

and

two-thirds

grown

The

..20

....

Bajra

Inferior Pulses

of

in order
from

2
.

(unirrigated)
(dahrlland)

40

....

Jawar

revenue-free.

"

Katumbar.

Wheat

About

partlyin

It has

partlyin

Narukhand,

Katumbar
Tahsii.

The

It is

tahsils.

of the four southern

eastern

the soil is of

inferior

quality. The rest is good.


jawar,cotton, barley.

The

chief

of extent, bajra,moth,

Lachmangarh

villagesirregularly.The

flows
Bhawar

into

the

Tahsil,but

nallah in the

south

the

water

of the

reaches

the

tahsil waters

161

(
and the
villages,
by name, there

three
Kkera

The

level in

water

surface,but 30
The
of

six

waters

villages.At

of these, Gala

one

bandh.

is between

wells of Katumbar

some

feet is about

old pargana

nallah

Ghossana
is

bear

papers

70

and

80

time

of Siwai Jai

feet below

the

the average.
date

Jaipur.
The following
are
specimensof
Area, according to old papers

s.

1786

the old

(A.D.1729),the

areas

and

Jammas

Singh

"

of

Sonkhar, comprising nine villages,


pargana
Sonkhrl, Doroli, Salwari, Kherli, Natoj, Kala Khera, Ghilauta,

viz., Sonkhar,

Daroda, 39,242 bighas.


Old Jamma
Area

according to

Jamma
The

now

Ulwur,
it

who

The

ousted

houses

and

wealth

the
which

; and

except

as

But

Marhattas.
Lord

Lake

In

the

that

fresh force turned

marched

the

Mar-

out

the Ulwur

the

troops,

against and destroyedat Laswarree.

miles south-east of Ulwur.


thirty-eight
It is an ancient place,
but now
contains
is
of
the
tahsil, of little
headquarters

is

inhabitants.

3145

held

(A.D.1803).
year
of the neighbourhood,
of whom
one
respectable
persons
and
others
Bakhtawar
R.
to
M.
Kanungoes
complained
Singh

Katumbar

of

town

Katumbar, and

of

possessors

it,till s. 1860

of

some

the

this army

was

placeof Jaipuras

greater part

Brahmin, and

no

the

officials murdered

was

and

took

the

or

27,259 bighas.
30,455.

survey,

assessed,Us.

Marhattas

pargana,
hatta

of

do.,Rs. 20,275.

of

828

It has

importance.
Sonkar,

six miles

hundred

seven

was,

years

from

said,
possessionof Tasai,in Katumbar,
it is
originally,

Sodoli caused
site Sonkri
For

From

long

1834

attack

to

to

s.

Samiichi, eleven
,

There

good

tants.
inhabi-

1618

of

by Chauhans from Sonkri,who had


According to tradition,they had taken

when

Sodoli

as

the

murder

of

Sodoli

avengers.

Brahmin
was

by the Minds
and on
destroyed,

of

the

previousto s. 1834 Jaipur is said to have held the pargana.


the Mughals held all or a portionof it,and their houses are

time

1840

harvest.

till after the Rabi

much

in the time

and

ago, founded

Nimrana.

In s. 1840
pointed out in Sonkri.
till
S. 1859.
it
occupied subsequently

inhabitants.

known

pargana

houses

built.

was

a
s.

come

them

It has 374

Sonkri

Sonkar

as

Sonkar

the

of
village

chief

It is the
the emperors

Katumbar.

of

south-west

da/in

miles
is

south

the
In

Since then

Marhattas
1860

s.

devastated

the

it has been

of Katumbar.

garrisonedfort here, and

It

Bhartpur
a

pargana,

the

and
gana
par-

part of Ulwur.

contains

the

the

Jats held

420

houses

and

2039

villagecontains
Samfichf.

land.

It isin Nai ukhand,


Lachmangarh is the southern tnhsil next to Katurabar.
but its southern border chiefly
and touches Bhartpur territory,
Lachmangarh
Tahsil.
lies along Jaipur.
within its border,and villages
of Lachisolated Jaipur villages
are
Some
inangurh lie detached in Jaipur. The area of the tahsil is 221 square miles,
and

its population
70,000.
The

tahsil consists of but

are
proprietors

as

follows:

"

one

pargana.

Its

and
villages

the castes of the

162

For
The
The

Appendix.
Lachmangarh Tahsil isfor the

statistics,
see

revenue

soilof the

chief crops grown


The

Ghat,

are, in order

The

the

Rupparel,a
deptliof wells to

70 feet is to be met

with

canal

level is

the

bandh

to certain

bringswater

the water

where unaffected by floods.


part light

most

of extent, bajra,moth,

flows from

nnllah
principal
irrigating
on

jawar,barley,cotton,gram.
Lachmangarh, and from

at

villagesafter

usuallyfrom

15 to 35

the rains.

feet,but

depth of

in the tahsil.

of
Lachmangarh was Taur.
Partap Singh got possession
it
and
the
fort
renamed
and
Lachmangarh.
enlarged
SariipSingh,
fort subsequently
endured
laid by Najaf Khan
a seige
(p.17).
It has
The town
of Lachmangarh is twenty-threemiles south-east of Ulwur.
houses,and according to the census, 3779 inhabitants.
The fort contains good accommodation
for the Chief when he visits the town.
The

old

of

name

placefrom

long bandh

detains

the waters

of

nallah

the south-west.

from

There

are

the
The

996

fine

earlyin February, when the yellow


blossom of the sarson
the expanse
behind it,it is a most
covers
temptingplaceto
The bandh
for beingalmost
earthen, it
lingeron.
requires much attention,
entirely
is very liable to get out of repair.
Maujpur, three miles west of Lachmangarh. It has 669 houses,and, accordingto
trees

on

and

Maujpur.
and
also

the
on

below

this bandh

census,
dahrl

near

3519

land.

the town,

inhabitants.
A

good road

Mdla

Khera,

the line of communication

between

railwaystation at

Rdjgarliis

the next

khand, but

and

It has
has

been

bazaar,and

constructed

between

stands

it.

and

Maujpur
Lachmangarh

of the southern

much

tahsis.

and

on

of its

is

area

Lachmangarh
The

villageis

Rajgarh.

It, too, is partlyin Naru-

its western

portionwas the Bargujar and Rajawat


is
country. Jaipur lies along its southern border. Its area
373 square miles, and populationabout 98,000.
It has 108 fiscal and 99
revenue-free villages.The fiscal villages
with the parganas
follows :
as
are
"

(
Mdcheri

is three

miles

inhabitants.

lake

the

Deoti, where

It

of

has

desolate

over

with

is met

on

hills,and
this

near

or

The

path

formerly very

was

and

Macheri

path.

of the district in Akbar's

the chief towns

been

2352

houses, and

593

estate.
part of Partap Singh's original

was

to have

is,seem

It

Rajgarh.

.Rajgarb is

containing fish

tank

unsafe.

north-east

it and

between

164

time.
It is

of the originalestate.
Rdjpura, the third village

Rajgarh, and
here

Jaipur troops.

contains

also

was

is

built

3281

Tahla, fourteen

west

the Deoti

It is situated

almost

an

fort

resisted the
successfully

advantageous.

very

Rajgarh,contains

656

and

houses

straightline,but eighteenby

It contains

pass.

in

The

of

bandh.

new

Rajgarh in

of

south-west

inhabitants.

2294
and

is not

of

south-east

It has

inhabitants.

through

here, which

miles

and

by Partap Singh,

long bandh
Reni, eight miles

There

houses

481

eightmiles

houses

418

and

circular valley,and

1846

fort stands

cart-road

inhabitants.
on

rock

it.

above

of the Tahla pargana were


villages
part of a Bargiijarstate formerly. They
ousted
of the Dehli
were
through the enmity of the Jaipur chief and the hostility
refused
in
to
had
whom
to
a
give daughter marriage.
they
emperor,
built by Siwai Jai Singh, chief of
been
fort is said to have
The present Tahla
famine
in
The
the
s. 1812.
to
a
Raja-watsof Bhanstarvingduring
Jaipur, employ
This
fort
the
taken by Partap
was
Bargiijars.
garh then held Tahla in succession to
Gumranand, no doubt
Singh in s. 1826, but was recovered two years after by Mahant
Bhawani
of
leader
in
service
the
a
Singh Jadu, an officer of Partap
Jaipur.
Naga
Singh's,retook it in s. 1835-36.
the Parohits of the Bargujar
The
Brahmin
of Tahla say they were
proprietors
rulingfamily.
Taldo, iu the Tahla pargana, is ten miles west of Rajgarh, and fourteen by cartIts tank irrigates
road. It has 1938 inhabitants.
some
very rich land,
T
The

.,

water-fowl

and

On
There

the

tank

is

curious

of the
that

The

tank

was

provisions,and
Kho

are

blood

remain

until

so

Dariba,

two

has

been

ancient

an

the
he

raised

monument

in it.
a

half-effaced

It is said that

at

one

inscription.

time

the

the

water

Pundits

by
Bargujarproprietor
his son
beneath
and
it.
daughter-in-law
placed in their livingtomb with six months
was

warned

buried
were

to their memory.

in
adjacent villages
a

temple with

to this tank.

victims

habitants,and
described

of

red, and

taken, the
a

abound

remains

legend attached

turned

it would

advice

the

fine and

the

valuable

expended.
recently

Tahla

Dariba

Kho

pargana.

dam

on

which

is well known

has

2194

in-

largesum

of money

for its

copper-mine

elsewhere.

It
Nilkanth,in the hills above Tahla.
in the State.
archseologically

is

of the

most
interesting
places
plateauof these hills there
with templesand statuary.
Its old
a considerable
was
town, adorned
the old capital
is Rajor or Rajorgarh. It was
of the Bargujartribe,of Rajputs,
name
when
Tod
this
ruled
in
of
it
region.
speaks
as
a placeot
they
great antiquity(Tod's
The
remains
vol. ii. pp. 336, 338).
most
remarkable
colossal
a
are
Rajisthan,"
human
of those on the fort-rock at Gwalior
figurecut out of the rock,similar to some
a comparatively
which here
largepyramidaldomed temple,richlydecorated with figures,
one

Once

on

the

"

"

165

sculpturedin the
deservingof study ; columns there are beautifully
smaller scale,and of the
at Baroli
in. Mewar,* though on
a much
styleof columns
of
of
which
far
from
were
temple
Amarnath, not
publishedin the
Bombay, diagrams
both in honour
of
Indian Antiquary." Indeed, the temples at all three placesare
the
the same
erections
of
same
or
s
how,
as
century,
deity Shiv, and,
inscriptions
The
within
era
a few
namely, the tenth.
century, of the Hindu
years of the same
date s. 1010
in the largetemple of Nilkanth.
of Ganesh
is clearly
on
a figure
legible
The place would
from
be worth
visit
a
a competent
archaeologist.
for
but a largearea, is remarkable
with a very small population
Kdnkwdri, a village
and

in

porches seem

"

"

"

its fort,which

is the least accessible

hill situated

the

on

of

and

of which
the nearest
about 1500
are
by higherhills,
This
plateauis approached either by a narrow
road, barelypassable for carts.
The
300
to

walls

outer

In the

feet.
have

has

thin

the

same

keep

from

come

walls.
year

The
as

of

this fort

of the fort is

Kankwari

stands

to

fort of

the Tahla

square

take

Kaukwari
fort.

common
people laboured
labour, at night. There

which

about

are

on

Kaukwari.

Nilkanth,

plateau as

same

It stands

in Ulwur.

any

8 feet

nearly surrounded
yards distant.

by

or

pass

circuitous and

steep

thick,their length about

100 feet by
palacebuilt by Partap Singh,who is said
The
keep
possessionof the fort of Ulwur.
is said to have been built by Siwai Jai Singh

small

It, too, was

famine

work,

and

it is said that

unaccustomed
by day, and the respectables,
of
the
Mahadeo
foot of a
at
a
temple
outwork
(Chauburja),which temple is said to
is

to

little

the

manual

hill,on

be 1700

years

old.

Thdna

Glidzi is the fourth

southern

tahsil.

It

has

adjoinsEajgarh, and

The
whole
of it,or
Jaipur territoryon its south and west.
nearly the whole, was
formerly in the hands of the Eajawats.
,

The

western

287

square miles, and the population,55,000.


fiscal villages.The latter,
with the parganas

121

shown

For

part

of

the tahsil is called Nehera.

The
It has
to

below.

revenue

see
statistics,
Appendix.

Tod,

page

646

of vol. ii. (2d ed.)

area

23

which

TMna

GhazL

of the tahsil is
revenue-free

and

they belong,are

(
The

soil of this tahsfl is for the

cent, of it is bad
The

principalcrops

The

and

Ajabgarh

not
part super-excellent,

most

than

more

ten

per

inferior.

or

these usuallyrun

ICG

grown

Indian corn,

are

Partapgarhnallahs

all the year

round.

They

barley,and

moth.

the two

streams.
Both of
principal
valuable for raising
the water
chiefly

are
are

level in wells.
BandJis

needed

are

good percentage
Much

land
is

pargana

is not

high rent

in wells is

land

waste

renders

statement

land.

as

It

year),and

crops
much

rarelyas

30

as

The

dahri.

has

this

feet

Raj

runds

is also very

of this pargana

its utilisation for Darbar

an

of
peculiarity

dofaslibears

the
of

extraordinary amount

astonishingly

an

below

the

surface,and

in

Ajabgarh

Its distance

from

difficult;
consequentlythe peoplehave

purposes

rental,and

nominal

extensive.

unusual

Ulwur
the

of cattle is

number

use

that

a
kept,so
plentiful.The grazingland besides being so extensive is also very good.
which
the
hills are
remarkable
for their extensive tableland ; on
generally
between
for the tableland is mdla, and the valleys
very good. The local term

at

an

is

manure

The
grass is

called chhind.
The

was

yieldingtwo

in the
its well

feet.

The

of the

of

rate.

Water
15

entered

excellence

the

dofasli(orland

are

one.

desired.

were

not

of

the cost

on

places. At Piplaithe peoplewould gladlypay a


At Gola ka bas,and a village
south of it,bandhs

several

at

not

old crop
the

marvellously
high in this tahsfl.
used elsewhere,so the rates
Raj bighagenerally
which
is '625 of an acre.
Settlement bigha
rates

revenue

common

calculated for the

are

Tbdna
Rs.

15

Sugarcane
Indian

corn

Cotton

and

"

700

An.

23

12

13

Pies.

840
...

280

120

100
...

12

...

Gram

are

120

(unirrigated)

"

Tobacco,wheat
Barley

below

...

1120

used

Rs.
...

...

shown

bigha

Ajabgarh.

Pies.

....

til

Jawar,bajra(irrigated)
(unirrigated)
Moth
(irrigated)

Dofasli

GMzi.

An.

The

...

780

800
...

12

12

...

.....

280
...

"

Indian

corn

followed

by

tobacco

wheat

or

by barley
Unirrigated
jawar or bajrafollowed
barley
by irrigated
lowed
Unirrigatedjawar or bajra folby well wheat
.

Cotton

followed wheat

Cotton

followed

Indian

corn

by

or

gram

followed by

tobacco

11

12

0
...

780

940

880
980

opium

14

12

...

"

13

"

12

(
Madho

Bhangarh
Thana

Singh,son
with

the

167

Bhagwan Das, chief of Amer, is said to


about
it,includingthe whole of
territory
of

have received in grant


the

present Tahsil

of

Ghazi.

The

historyof

familywill

the

easilyshown

be most

DA'S,Chief

BHAGWAN

MiCn Singh
(Ak bar's famous General).

in the

of

Mddho

(who obtained

Chatur
Singh
(of BhiLngarh).

Singh
(descendants hold Suratgarh,
Thdna
Gha^i).

(succeeded his father at


Bhdngarh, and founded
Ajabgarh,in the valley,six
miles north of it).

Hari Singh
(descendants at Piplai,
Thdna
Ghdzi).

"

Singh
Bhangarh).

Umed

Ajab Singh

Jaipur.

S6ja"nSingh
(descendants hold villages,
Agar and Ndngal of
Thdna
Ghdzi).
I

followingform

Kdbill

Bhim

Singh
(descendants have V. Burja).

Singh
Bhangarh}.

(Had Ajabgarh

and

|
Jeswant

Singh (succeeded
father). Abandoned
Bhslngarh,
and resided at Ajabgarh.

ChajtiSingh.

Nathti

Singh.

Dakhani

Singh.

Daulat

Singh.

Bhangarh from ChajiiSingh by becoming Musalmans,


driven out by Siwai Jai Singh,chief of
so
gettingimperialhelp. They were
in alliance with
his cousins,was
Jaipur,and Jeswant Singh of Ajabgarh,who was
and importance,and when
killed. After this Bhangarh diminished in population
the
famine of s. 1840 fell on the land the town
was
abandoned,and has remained a ruin
last three

The

obtained

and

since.

ever

has been alreadyspoken of. The


PartapSingh'sconquest of the Rajawat territory
and
of
formed
into a Tahsil with the villages
were
Ajabgarh
Baldeogarh
parganas
fort
of
This
Tahsil was
annexed
to Thana
new
near
Partap Singh's
Partapgarh.
Ghazi

in

1870.

A.D.

Bhdngarh

situated

twenty miles south

the capitalof this

Tahsil,was
and it is melancholy
the old houses

largeas

and

to

pass

shops are.

part of the
its main

up

The

the present cityof Ulwur.

extent

of Thana

of
Ghazi, the headquarters

country.
street

It is

deserted

of the ruins

in

now

and

ruins,

roofless

indicate

the

as

that the town

Like the latter.


Bhangarh is situated

under

was

as

hill,

falls into a pool


slopeof which was the Raja'spalace. A clear stream
and
hard by are two templesknown
Haas
overhung by trees lyingunder the palace,
These
much
and
have
and
Mahadeoji's.
numanji's
temples
beauty
elegance,and
the
be
from
The
State.
Jhirri marble,much
of which was
decayby
preserved
ought to
used on them, has been a good deal defaced by whitewash.
Their styleis more
that
for
in
than
the
Outside
common
old city of
cenotaphs
usually adopted
temples.
of marble, presumablyto the
domed
tomb
of
Bhangarh is a fine Musalman
memory
of Hari Singh who turned Musalman.
of those sons
one

on

the lower

(
Ajabgarh,fourteen
town

miles south

of Thdna

It has

Ghazf.

2071

inhabitants.

The

it is said

founded

was

by Ajab Singh Rajawat (alreadymentioned)


fort,too, is attributed to Ajab Singh. Jeswant
Singh

The

1692.

s.

168

grandson of Ajab Singh,being on bad terms with his brethren,who possessedBhanboth


the valleyin which
towns
situate. This valley in
are
garh,built a wall across
is
The
of
hills on
of
each side is
the neighbourhood
Ajabgarh
very pretty.
range
their lower slopes. The valleyitself is the
and they are well wooded
on
picturesque,
in the state ;

richest tract
and

be

other

trees

stream

numerous

are

down

runs

the

on
one

it ; water

banks

grassy

of

temples,

Two

with.

met

of

Saraoglsthe

is close to the surface.

the

Palm

stream, and

gardensare to
Jagannath, are famous

other of

buildings.
A
a

narrow

and

dam,

records

the dam

there

built

Singh
livingthings,and

are

it

trickles

leads to a lakelet formed


rill,
by
in Persian,on a stone,
perfectly
legibleinscription

Sagar.
was

(sonof the

Madho

and

not

Som

called

that

which

the west, down

to

pass

1654,

8.

in

1038,

H.

Jaipurchief)Dfwan.
adjuresall Hindus

the

time

It states
and

of Jalaludln

that in

Musalmans

Rdm

by

Akbbar

the Som

Sagar

and

Rahlm

disturb them.

to

ment
were
Ajabgarh and its dependentvillages
up to the Three Year Settlemahdl
held
estate.
At
that
Settlement
or
the
one
as
Captain Impey
villages
contracted
for.
were
separately
It is probable that a good road from Narainpur and TLana
Ghazl, running south
station
to a
the Jaipur and Agra line,would
on
through the Ajabgarh valley,
prove
a valuable
railwayfeeder.
has 1662 inhabitants,
Baldeogarh. This pargana lies east of Bhangarh. The town
It formerlywas
and is 20 miles from Thana
Ghazl.
known
as
About
R.
founded
fort
1830
M.
s.
and
a
Kaprlwala.
Partap Singh
The
fort was
called it Baldeogarh,after the temple of Baldeo.
completedby Bakhtawar
Singh.
of the hills,
hot springswith
of Baldeogarh,in a nook
four miles west
About
are
held
medicinal
fair
Narain
here.
Below
them
A
is
is a garden
to
reputed
power.
in which
the
Keori,"or screw
pine,is grown ; and their waters, copious for a spring
of the kind, irrigate
than one
lands of more
some
village.
The quarriesof Baldeogarhare spoken of elsewhere.
The

town

of

of

"

Partdpgarh.

forms

This pargana

is 13
road

from

miles
a

over

the

Thana

south-west

Ghazl, and

rougher pass

has

Thdna

Ghdzi, the headquarters


It has

644

Ulwur

is

houses

of the

and

2968

tahsil,is

26

inhabitants.

through the valleyof

the

The

town

A rough
inhabitants.
Ajabgarh. Jhirri,famous

quarriesof marble, described elsewhere,lies on this


the town
in
M. R. PartapSingh is said to have founded
and in the month
of Baisakh
and money-lenders,
merchants
Narsingbjiare held. The town lies under a loftyconical
with dauk, nlna, sala,and plpaltrees.
The hill is covered
for its

the state.

1480

it with

connects

of

corner

road.
s.

It has well-to-do

1832.

fairs to Devi
(spring)
hill with

miles
The

fort

south-west
road

and
Riipparel,

on

of

and

the top.

Ulwur.

connectingit with
needs the improvement

it is to receive.
The

present

town
town.

daughterhe

of

Mominabad
the

There

wished

to

formerly lay a mile

imperialAmil

debauch.

Ghazl

was,

and

it is

Khan,

half east

said,murdered

another

of

the

site of the

by a Gujar, whose
official,
thereupon destroyed

169

Mominabad
and

his

and,

the

into

s.

descendants

relation

of
fort

masonry

Partdp

of

Bhangarh

the

overhanging
Singh

it

remained,

possession

obtained

the

founded

1518,

the

Raja

Raja,
the

Thana

is

built

as

Amils

until
In

Bhangarh.
a

of

town

present

said,

of

fortlet,

which

town.

Ghazi

about

s.

1832.

Thana

s.

s.

1825

has

Ghazf.

Ghazi

when

1616,

Birj
grown

the

Singh
into

Khan

town

came

Rajawat,
the

present

172

(
aid from

demand

article,it will be

In
Company's Government.
granted,and Maharao Raja agrees

the

the

aid at the

of such

of the expense

rate

same

as

to take

stated

himself

upon

settled with

been

has

above

event

the

in

this

charge
tains
chief-

the other

of Hindustan.

has been
treaty, comprisedin five articles,

above

The

duly exchanged

the

under

the seal

under

and

signatureof His ExcellencyGeneral Gerard Lake, and


Singh Bahader, at Puhessur, on the 14th day
Raja Bakhtawar
signatureof Maharao
of November
1803, of the Christian era, agreeingwith the 26th of Rujib, 1218
When
a
treaty containingthe above
Hegira,and the 15th of Aghun, 1860 Sambat.
the
of His
under
seal and signature
Maharao
five articles shall be delivered to
Raja,
seal and

Excellencythe
treaty, under

seal and

the

Marquis Wellesley,Governor-General,"c.,the present


signatureof His ExcellencyGeneral Lake, shall be

the

Noble

Most

returned.

The

(Signed) G.

Raja'sSeal.

Company's

(Signed)WELLESLEY.

Seal.

ratified by the Governor-General

This treatywas

TRANSLATION

OF

SANAD

all

in Council the 19th December

GENERAL

FROM

BAKHTAWAR
To

LAKE.

SINGH

LORD

LAKE

RAJA

TO

1803.

SIWAEB

ULWUR.

OF

Mootsaddies, present and future,as well

Amils,Choudhrees,Kanoonand Moodawar, with the


Parganas,Ismaeelpooro,
Talookas
of Darharpore,Rutaee,Nimrana, Mandan, Ghelote, Beejwar,Suraie,Dadree,
of Shahjehanabad :
Loharoo, Boodwanah, and Bhoodchalnahur,under the Soobah
the
between
that
the East
Honourable
Indian Company of England
Let it be known
and
Maharao
which
existed has been
Singh the friendship
Raja Sewaee Bakhtawar
of
w
ith
view
and
a
strengthened
proving
making this fact publicto every
; therefore,

goes, Zamindars, and

Maharao

Raja

directs that the above-mentioned

Lake

Lord

one, General

for his

the

Until another

the

the

arrives,this

Raja.
Parganas Ismaeelporeand
and
Dated

districts be made
of

concurrence

Governor-General

present one, which

Sanad

Nimrana, Mandan,

the

the Most

over

to the

Noble

the

Wellesley.

permissionof

given in place of

subjectto

expenses,

Governor-General, Lord
On

to

as

Cultivators of

being received,another

will be

will be recalled.
will remain

one

Moodawar, with

Beejwar, and

Sanad

Ghelote

in

possessionof the Maharao

the Talookas

and

of

Suraie, Dadree

Darbarpore,Rutaee,
and

wanah
Laharoo, Bood-

Bhoodchalnahur.
28th

November

Hijree,or Aghun

Sood

TRANSLATION

with
A.D.
1803, corresponding
Pooranmassee, Sambat, 1860.

OF

AN

ENGAGEMENT
THE

I, Aihmad

Buksh

Singh,engage,

ENTERED

RAO

behalf

of

12th of Shaban, 1218

(Signed)
BY

THE

WAKIL

G. LAKE.

OF

RAJA.

Khan, having full powers


on

INTO

the

myself and

from

the

Maharao

Maharao

tawar
Raja Sewaee Bakhthat
aforesaid,
one
Raja

(
lakh

173

shall be

account
of the grant of the
on
paid to the British Government
its dependenciesand
fort of Kishengarb,togetherwith
the stores
contained
in the
fort and
the parganas
of Tijara,Tapokra, and
received
in
Katumbar,
exchange
of Dadree, Budwanor, and
Bhawna
Kerjah,shall be given under the seal and signature
of the Maharao
of the Laswaree
Naddi
shall always
Raja, also that the "Bund"
be open, inasmuch
is necessary
for the benefit of the country of the Bhartpore
as
adhere
to this agreement.
Raja will strictly
Raja. The Maharao
Whenever
ratified by the Maharao
an
engagement
Raja shall be received,this

of rupees

shall be returned.

paper

This paper is to be considered


Seal of Aihmad
Baksh

formal

as

21st

engagement.

Khan.

Rijile1220 Hijree.

(A true translation.)
Signed C. T. METCALFE,
A.G.G.

ENGAGEMENT

PART

THE

ON

the strictest unity of

Whereas

and

Government
that

this

be

his heirs and

of the

July

RAJA

SINGH,

1811.

firmlyestablished between the British


Singh,and whereas it is expedient
understood, the Maharao
gages,
Raja hereby enthat he will

successors,

with

Raja Sewaee

BAKHTAWAR

is

state

any

; with this view

British Government

the part of Maharao

IGth

Bakhtawar
and

whatever
negotiations

or

consent

universallyknown

and

for himself

interests

Sewaee

Raja

Maharao

should

dated

MACHERRY,

OF

RAJA

MAHARAO

OF

chief without

or

the

into

enter

never

the

gagements
en-

knowledge or
is written

present engagement

Bakhtawar

any

Singh this 16th day


July 1811 of
with
the
24th
of
Jamadool
1246
sanee
corresponding
Hijera,it
era,
the
that
concluded
between
the two states is by no
treaty formerly
being understood
the contrary, is hereby confirmed
annulled by the present engagement, but,on
means
and strengthened.
on

the

of

Christian

Signatureof
Raja

Maharao

Bakhtawar

Singh.

ENGAGEMENT
Whereas
to the

Raja

Lake, I

to

according to
absolute master

Bakhtawar

Lord

half in money,

MAHARAO

my

of the ceded

to

adopt any son


stipendshall

the

Singh by the
cede

RAJA

SEWAEE

BANEE

than

territoryand
heirs of

no

the

Raja Balwant

Ulwur.

issue of

SINGH.

"c., were

Government

of the British Government.

of
principality

other

an

British

equivalentfor those

brother

dear

the desire

and
die childless,
shall revert

OF

PART

THE

certain districts,
Tijara,Tapokra,Butaee, Moondawar,

late Rao

of General
and

ON

half
districts,

Singh

granted

through the
and

The

his

said

in

ation
medi-

territory

heirs in perpetuity,

Raja

shall

be

scendants
pecuniarystipend. If he or any of his dehis body remain, then
the territory
settled
If the said Raja or any of his descendants
his

own

loins,the territoryand

pecuniary

to be settled on
The territory
the Raja
go to the adopted child.
shall be compact and adjoiningto the frontier of the British domains, and shall be
not

174

(
protectionof

the

under
between

me

engagement both

for

The

Raja.

shall continue

guarantee of this

Raja.
Rajab 1241, Hegira,21st February 1826.

Hth

1822,

shall be

Government

British

for the said

and

me

Brotherlyrelation

Government.

British

Jeth Sambat

Soodi

Magh

the

the said

and

(A true translation.)
Signed C. T. METCALFE,
President.

U"Confirmed

EXTRADITION

the

Raja
WILLIAM

His

and

Baronet, G.C.B.,
the
on

the

Excellency

Right

him

by

Ulwur,

of

Honourable

SEWAEE

offence

any
in

person,

whether

British

and

State,shall be apprehended and


in the usual
former
on
requisition

His

heirs and

Highness SEWAEE
to

of the full powers


LAIRD

of the

SINGH,

the

Governor-

vested

MAIR

Governor-General

in virtue

executed

successors,

EDEN, Agent

of

full powers

aforesaid

in

him

LAWRENCE,
India,and on
conferred

"

FIRST.

or

Foreign subject,
committing a

seeking shelter within

territory,and

British

April 1826.

Sir JOHN

SHEODAN

ARTICLE
That

his

FREDERICK

OOMAPERSHAD,

RAJA

MAHARAO

GOVERNMENT

G.C.L.I.,Viceroyand

other part by LALLA

14th

on

Rajpootana, in virtue

for the States of

General

by

MAHARAO,

part by Colonel

SINGH
one

in Council

the BRITISH

between

TREATY

SHEODAN
on

the Governor-General

by

delivered

up

by

the

the

limits of

the

latter Government

heinous
Ulwur
to

the

manner.

SECOND.

ARTICLE

person, being a subjectof Ulwur, committing a heinous offence within


will be
limits of the Ulwur
State, and seeking asylum in British territory,

That
the

any

delivered up

apprehended and
in the usual

by

the latter Government

to

the former

on

requisition,

manner.

THIRD.

ARTICLE
other than

Ulwur

subject,
committing a heinous offence within
in British territory,
will be
asylum
seeking
such
court
the British
as
Government
by
apprehended,and the case investigated
such
will
be
tried
the
of
Court
cases
As
direct.
the
Political
rule,
a
by
general
may
Ulwur
o
f
at the time be vested.
in whom
the political
supervision
Officer,
may
That

the

person,

any

of

limits

the

Ulwur

an

State, and

FOURTH.

ARTICLE
That
of
the

in

heinous

no

case

offence,except

Government

committed

; and

within

sustain the

the

upon

such
person

chargeif the

be bound

to surrender

requisition
duly made

by,

person accused
the authority
of,

any

by
charged to have been
of
evidence
criminality
as, accordingto the laws of
accused shall be found,would justify
his apprehension,

territories the

whose

also upon

the country in which


and

shall either Government

offence had

offence shall

be

been there committed.

or

175

ARTICLE
That
offences

the
:

followingoffences

FIFTH.

be deemed

11.

2.

Attempt

3.

Culpable homicide

to

murder.

G.

7.
8.
9.
10.

under

the

category of heinous

13. Cattle-theft.

ing
aggravat-

14. Arson.

Thuggee.
Poisoning.
Rape.
Causing grievoushurt.
Child-stealing.
Sellingfemales.

15.

17. Criminal

breach

18. Criminal

of trust.

misappropriationof

Abettingthe

above

perty.
pro-

offences.

SIXTH.

ARTICLE
of any

utteringbase

or

coin.

19.

expenses

Forgery.
coin
Counterfeiting

16.

Dacoitee.

The

within

Robbery.
Burglary.

12.

circumstances.

5.

coming

as

"

1. Murder.

4.

in
detention,or surrender made
apprehension,
the
borne and
Government
defrayed by

virtue

shall be
foregoingstipulations,

of the

making

the

requisition.
SEVENTH.

ARTICLE
The

Treaty shall continue


give notice to the other

above

shall
parties

force

in

of its wish

until

either of

to terminate

the

high contracting

it.

EIGHTH.

ARTICLE

Nothing herein contained shall be deemed


the high contracting
partiesexcept so

to

affect any

far

as

any

Treaty now
Treaty may

tween
existingbebe

repugnant

thereto.
Done

Mount

at

Aboo, this 12th day

of

October, in

the year

(Signed)

of

Lord

our

W.

F.

1867.

EDEN,

A yen t Gorei-nor-General.

(In Persian.)
Signatureof
Oomapershad,
of

Vakeel
Ulwur.

(Signed)

Ratifythis Treaty.
This

Treaty

India at Simla,

The
to

Ulwur

was
on

ratified

the 29th

Chief has

by
day

His
of

LAWRENCE.

of
Excellencythe Viceroyand Governor-General
October 1867.
W.
(Signed)
MUIB,
ForeignSecretary.

(January 1877),under

of Calcutta,silver to be coined

the Mint

JOHN

the Native

into two

Coinage Act

laks of rupees,

and

of

1876,sent

is about

to

State to abstain
for thirtyyears from
agreement pledging the Ulwur
the
destruction of worn
and
regarding
making stipulations
coiningin the State Mint,
coins,regardingcounterfeit coin,the issue of coin, and the callingin of coin. His
Highness is the first Native Chief in India to take advantage of the Native Coinage
enter

Act.

into

an

176

1
"="

.5 .2

|!2
fc

o*

E-"

Pa

"^
"3

to

"

.5

"IIS
3

s#

^""1

jaT!

1"

c"
"

jj

^a
A
J3

to

"N

to
C

1?

-?.
B

a
02

a
""

I?

la

^
"

""

177

SKETCH

III"
The
Aravali
of

State

of Ulwur, situate

range

is

occupied by

nearly 2400

feet

the general level of the

THE

OF

few

miles

OF

the

to

of hills ; the

ranges

above

GEOLOGY

the

of the

east

extended

highest of

of the

level

surroundingcountry,

ULWUR.

about

and

sea

formed

of wide

which

axis of the

rise to

1600

tion
eleva-

an

feet above

sandy alluvial plains.


general is north and south

The

direction of the ranges varies considerably; the most


to north-east and south-west,but in placesthe ridgedescribe

complete semicircle.
Ulwur,
are
only narrow
ridges,
varyingfrom 200 yards to a mile in width, but to the west the ranges form a large
of hills,in places upwards of twenty miles across, intersected by narrow
group
valleyshaving the same
general direction as the hills themselves; both, in fact,
followingthe strike of the rocks.
A considerable varietyof rocks are exposed in the hills. The principal
:
are
from graniticsandstone
to a fine compact
Quartzites,varying in texture
In

the

of the

east

meridian

of

the

of

town

there

"

quartzite.
Bands

of hornblendic

Limestones

rock.
in the

of them

some

full of

and

state
crystalline

horubleudic

minerals.
Hornstone

breccia.

slates.
Argillaceous
Schists,
staurotide,garnets,"c.
containingandalusite,
Granitic gneiss.
the whole belong to one
the exceptionof the gneiss,

With
has been

called the Aravali

Very
plainnear

little of the

series of rocks which

series.

gneissis

It is confined to

seen.

at the

isolated hillocks

some

on

the

base of the

surroundingridge,
Parli,a coarse
gneisscontaining
porphyritegranitic
of the Aravali series.
tourmaline is well seen, capped unconfirmablyby the quartzites
bedded
of an
The
Harsora
hills round
formed
are
gneiss ; but it is
obscurely
of
the
beds
Aravali series being
doubtful to which series it belongs. The bottom
rocks
to deterin
these
there
in contact
mine
hills
other
sometimes
and
are
110
gneissose
;
Reni,

Tatra

between

the
The

and

outcrops

some

point.
of this

rocks

north

and

south

west, but in placesthey describe nearlythree-fourths of


the

of
repetitions
together; the
former

have

latter

been
is

dip

series has been

always

"

The

are

of

divided

by
at

and

denudation
less

into the

70

following
groups,
The

group

Many

hard

feet above
the

angle than

The

Aravali
scries,

rocks

the

folded

plain,while

valleysformed

Ulwur

up

the

in them.

degrees.
descendingorder

in

Their

"

group.

Raialo

Ajabgarh "
Kushalgarh

"

"

"

bottom

boundary
Raialo

Mandan

high,seldom

circle.

the soft and

with, and

met

hills upwards of 1000

partiallyremoved

The

"

are

remaining as

The

The

rocks

same

south-

and

to north-east

twisted.

and

are
hills,
greatlycontorted

series,in the Ulwur

generalstrike varies from

most

and

the

group,
state

situated.

the

Raialo, is exposed

in which
It

is also

the towns
seen

of
few

in

the

three

bays,near

Baswa, Baldeogarh,and
miles further

north

near

the southern

(
the

In

Jhirrt

Baswa

the

Bay

poorly represented. It consists of a


white marble
Todi, and a band of crystalline

is very

group
of

ridge of quartzitesjust north

narrow

178

of the Ulwur
quartzites
group.
In the Baldeogarh Bay, a broken
ridgeof quartzitesextends from near the town
the marble
of which there is a largespread extending
of Bhdngarh dipping north ; under
of the ridge. The quartzite
is compact in texture, and
about
three miles north
bedded.
grey in colour, and regularly
varies considerablyboth in colour and texture, but white is the prevailThe marble
ing
marble
be
Hornblendic
colour.
obtained.
A coarse
can
or
very finelycrystalline

dippingunder

the

minerals, such
large spread
extends
The

marble

occurs

little farther

into the

Ulwur

territory.

relation

of the

Raialo

determined, as
extends

In

it rests.

side

then

which

group,
This

rests

is the most

the

upon

prominent

it

from
is

In

the east

Rajgarh on
formed

the

on

be

cannot

large spread

of

gneiss

Baldeogarh,the alluvium
up

southern

rocks

the

to

side.

On

upon

ridge,but
both

Bides

the quartzitesof the Ulwur

of the

group

as
series,

of

not

it.

The

only

are

Ulwur

the

highest,but

part is built

on

the

it,

sides of the

both

Narainpura valleyare formed of


of hills extending from
whole
of the group
Mandawar
to
west
the
the
well as
to Partapgarh on
as
Tijara ridge,are

the

fact,nearly

it rests

it

gneiss.

high hills on

the

extends

overlappedby

greater part of the hills formed


and

At

portionof

northern

which

is

debris.

section also,the alluvium

the Todi

the

by
ridge of quartzite,coveringthe

the

of

; there

exposed

are

Another

in it.

Kho.

at

gneissupon

is covered

junction

southern

the

to

up

the

gneissis exposed in a well a few yards


of these three bays the Raialo
group

it.

abundant

very

north

the

quartzite to

junction sections

no

Raialo, but

of

which

and schorl,are
tremolites,actinolite,

as

of the

greater part of the Raialo spread is in Jaipur,but

The

south

of

mass

and

of it.

The

important

most

great variety. The

member

of

is the

this group

of
quartzites,

which

there

is

of it is

regularlybedded, compact, and lightgrey in


in texture, and even
colour,but in placesit is coarse
conglomeratic.Ripple marking
in the quartzites,
and
sun-cracks
and
well seen
are
common
are
particularly
very
in the Fort hill. An
arkose rock is of frequentoccurrence
at the base of the quartzites,
where
the group
the gneiss. Thin
bands
of schists are
sometimes
rests upon
found
interbedded
with the quartzites,
and bands
of horblende
are
common
near
particularly
the southern
of
and
Tahla
Kaler.
state
the
near
boundary
In an
section
about
the latitude of Ajabgarh,the quartzites
and west
east
are
least

repeated at
rocks
As

both

above

I have

gneiss.

dozen

the

base

times

below

and

before

Sections

place near

greater part

in

them

are

said,the Ulwur

of
of

the
a

junction

high scarp
ridgesouth

occurs

under

the Tatra

occurs

at the

base of the ridge,and

dippingat

series

and

synclinals in

which

the

upon

the

exposed.
overlaps the Raialo

group
of

the

and

is

of

anticlinals

of

two

are

mostly covered

the road

upon

series

leading to

this rests

North

the

of

scarce,

and
as

rests

it

by debris.
Tatra.

The

Perhaps the best


graniticgneiss

bedded
regularly
road

generallytakes

coarse

quartzite,

additional beds

come
high angle
the
the graniticgneiss and
the quartzites.Resting immediately upon
graniticgneiss is a band of conglomerateabout two feet thick, composed principally

in

between

of

rolled

to

pebbles of quartz

rock, the materials

of which

the west.

; upon
were

this there

is

some

considerable

apparentlyderived

from

the

thickness

gneiss.

of
This

an

arkose

passes

up

quartzite).
Up

Berla

180

section of the

to this there is a continuous

Ajabgarh group in
isolated ridgeseast of
ridge extending south

the

the

valleys; but the rocks above being only exposed in


The
difficultto place in the section.
are
consequently,
from
the Moti-dungrihill (close
alternations
of calcareous and
of
to Ulwur) composed
quartzite bands is clearlyhigher in the section than the Berla quartzite,and the
Goleta ridge,about six miles east of Ulwur, probablystill higherin the section.
At the head of the Delawas
valleythe rocks are much contorted,and the KushalLower down
garh limestone is repeatedin the two little valleyseast of the Serawas.
the valleyat Rosra
and
is
with
the limestone
Delawas
intercalated thin
again seen
bands
of schists and
of Ulwur) the
Siliserh (four miles south-west
quartzites. Near
hornstone
breccia above the limestone is exposed. The hornstone
breccia
is,in some
in great masses
devoid
of any structure.
places,obscurelybedded, but it generallyoccurs
It sometimes
at the
contains large pebbles of quartzites;this is the case
southern
end
of the Siliserh lake, where
it is largelydeveloped. There
is a large
Ulwur

spread
of

the

of the limestone

in the

valley,nearly two

Kushalgarh to the
the quartzites
into

head
the

It

Kushalgarh valley.

miles

wide,

and

extends

of the

valleyat Talbrich
Narainpur valley. In the

the whole

covers

from

two

this

beyond

or

point

branch

southern

of the bottom

three

miles

east

it passes

of the

of

round

valley it

tends
ex-

higherrocks of the group.


A thicker section of the Ajabgarh
is
exposed in the Ajabgarh valley. The
group
is seen
both sides,dipon
Kushalgarh limestone,resting upon the Ulwur quartzites,
ping
towards
the centre
of the valley,though not so continuously
the west
on
on
as
the east side. The hornstone breccia and the quartzites
be
above appear
to
larly
very irreguthe west
side, and
on
developed in this valley : the breccia is nearly continuous
there is but little of the quartzites,
but on the east side,particularly
at the northern
to

Indok,

near

where

it becomes

end, a considerable thickness


whole

The

of the centre

extend

into the

only a

few small

on

Narainpur valleyas
hills of the

eastern

angleof about

here

edge

degreesto

represented by

far

little of breccia

but

occupied by
ka

Ghazi

remainder

Thana,

is covered

by

seen.

north

rocks

of that there

are

and breccia

alluvium.
for

and

broken

but

is

slates. These

of the limestone

some

quartzitesat Ulwur

the east,under

the black

long way south dip at


Ajabgarh group,

section of the

and
the
Kushalgarh limestone and .breccia,
extends
covered by the alluvium, which
overlyingquartzites. The slates are entirely
to the Moti-dungriridge,nearly the highestmember
Of the ridgeson
of the group.
the eastern
side of the State many
of the rocks
of the Ajabgarh
of them
formed
are
Thus
in the hills forming a broken
circle a few miles east of Ulwur
; in the
group.
there is a hill of the Ulwur
the
centre
quartzites dipping in all directions towards
of
the
under
the
of
the
a
nd
on
edge
circle,
ridge
Ajabgarh rocks,consisting,
encircling
the

side,of

eastern

abundant.
there

is

above

stones.

The
black

Kushalgarh
The
double

four

on

the

slates and

quartzitesin
side

western

limestone,probably the
thickness

the

limestone

centre

and

ridgeseast

of

anticlinal in which

the western

hillocks of the

the black

rocks

considerable
Between

few

as

the

slates in the centre, and

of the Ulwur

80

by

quartziteand

valleyis

either side of the valley. The


The

an

of the
of the

covered

there is

of

rough

hill and

higher

are

same

as

blue

the

crystalsof Andalusite

which

that

At

the

section.

in

the

Moti-dungri ridge, and

quartzitelargelyquarried

ridge are

are

Loharwari

in

some

hillocks

for

formed

grinding
of

the

breccia.

shape of an inverted W, form a


of
well represented. In the centre
are
Kushalthe
under
quartzites
dipping

Malakhera, something in
the

Ajabgarh rocks

large hill of the

Ulwur

the

181

(
limestone

garh

and

the black

come

the Berla

breccia

with
slates,

quartziteof

which

three sides,viz.,north, east, and

on

band

of talcose limestone

the

near

the quarter portion of the

four

west, above which

base, and

covered

formed.

ridgesare

by
This

quartziteor rather quartzite


sandstone,for it is less altered than most of the series,
requires
it
makes
is largely
a splendidbuilding stone, and
notice,as
quarried for that
purpose

; it

is pearly grey in colour and

contains

speciesof

numerous

black

mineral,

probablyhornblende.
anticlinal

In the eastern

Ulwur
The
as

limit of the double

western

Nowjanwa,

where

the Ulwur

south-westerlydirection
Ulwur

Tasing,as

well

south-east

of Ulwur.

form

The

quartziteinterbedded

of

these

in

rocks

doubt

arises

known

rock

Again, at

their

from

the

schists

Mandan

and
a

in

exceptionof

northerlydirection

lake in

under

the

far

as

it, and

in

the

synclinal
trough of

the

schists

of the

those

andalusite,"c., in

Barod, however, there

breccia between

corner

state, at

ridgesof

rests

unconformably.

clear.

known

the Kaimur

There

series of rocks
the banded

red

the north.

On

is

Aravali

long

the schists,and

is little difference

that

well

as

it

any
of the

separated

sandstone,the
The

evidence
upon

lowest

of their

the
as

member

north

side

are

some

ridge of

of

the Gneiss.
are

hills of

the

Mandan

containing

very

Mdndan

similar

rocks

here

represented.
geologyis probably
be little doubt that they
ridgesof the Aravali rocks
the upper Vindhyan series,

Indian

the Gwaliors

than

as
territory,

In

the

ridgenear

exposed dipping

at

is not

only two
Hindoun

highangleto

quartzite,
sandstone,and limestone

probablyoutliers of the Aravalis,


in the Biana hills,
series cover
the rocks of which
a largearea
a few miles to the north.
which
It is possible,
miles
occur
a few
however, they belong to the Vindhyan series,
I
that
time
had
It is some
the section,and at
to the south.
hardly
years since I saw
the Aravali series,
and not in a position
to determine the identification with them.
seen
Another
the question is found
section bearingupon
near
Tunja, in Jaipur territory,
where
largepebblesof a rock very similar to the Gwaliors are found in a conglomerate
restingunconformably

of the Aravali series.

on

the

Gwaliors.

These

the

schists

quartzites,are

being younger

series

between

Ajabgarh

the

this point in the Ulwur

jasperrocks of the Gwalior

double

the

probable that

seems

there exposed are the Aravali and

the

from

hill formed

This

Ulwur

series ; thus

of Ulwur
So

evidence

no

position

all.

disconnected

Mandaor,

and if so, is the highestgroup


readilybelongto the series,
of the Aravali series in the scale of the
The position
between the Gwalior and the Vindhyan series. There can
older than the Vindhyans, as in Karauli there are some
are
which

the

series at

converging towards
quartzites
in
schists,apparentlyforming a synclinal

the

there
Mineralogically

group.

upon

ridgesof

two

of the

two

the hills east

those of the Mdndan

is

bands

mile of alluvium.

dipping towards

the schists lie.

they belong
isolated ridges

Mandan

thin
to

as

the

state,

in

some

doubt
to

T^e

the

abounding

some

the

and

actinolite,and
is

of

corner

at

There
if

even

occurring in

between

occurs

or

north-west

Mandan, Bdrod,
Mandaor, thirtymiles to

them.

Near

south-east

both

south,and

rocks and

ridgesin

consists of

group
with

of the series.

about half

them

the

ridge at

series

the

Kushalgarh limestone

so

the

Tijara ridge dip

the Deotl

of the Sdbi river

double

the

as

of

to

beyond

the

andalusite,staurotide,garnets and

crystalsof

which

anticlinal extends

quartzitesof
miles

some

rocks of this group


the left bank
on
principally

the

exposed,with

quartzites.

The

from

similar section is

quartzitesin the centre.

are

minerals

useful

The

in

Ulwur

182

are

more

)
than

numerous

Economic

geology.

Copper pyrites

Rutile.

ArgentiferousGalena.

Manganese, and

Nickel.
Several old copper
a

years,

had

ore

They

con-

Iron.
exist in

workings

considerable

almost

are

abundant.

Bist of"

of

amount

ore

entirelyabandoned.
abandoned

be

to

the richest

has been

extracted

natives

that

The

in

Ulwur,
say

of the

consequence

fell together,
burying a number

mines

which, through a long series

from

; but

influx
of

the

at

of

some

of

of

present time they


deposits of

the richest
In

water.

have

miners, and

other

not

cases

been

since

re-opened.
The

followingis
of it observed

traces

list of

the localities in which

the west.

ridgeto

Kushalgarh.
Baghani.
Partapgarh.

Bhangarh.
important

most

clinical bend
adit

An

or

Tasing.

the

Indawas.

The

worked,

"

Dariba.
In

been

has

copper-ore

of these is at Dariba.

in the black

level is driven

slates and

into

The

quartzites,the

the hill

through the

of the

beds

lowest

black

in

is situated

mine

in
slates,

sharp anti-

Ulwur

group.

southerlydirection,

to the strike of the rocks.


I could see no trace of a lode,but the ore appears
parallel
disseminated
to be irregularly
through the black slates,a few specs and stains only
the
in
Where
richer nests of the ore were
seen
met
quartzites.
being
with, the miners
extended
their
have
workings a short distance above and below the level. The miners

that

declare

extremity,but

rich

of

nest

it had

formerlyPolitical
The

Agent

the

decomposition of

ore

is to be

found

short

has

these

on

account

open

extracted,but

the

miners

some

which

I found

they get

of copper

traces

bit the
the

on

size of

extensive,and

of

result
but

little

nut.

geologicalhorizon

same

are

little

in the

cutting from

20

to

feet

30

deep, from

in

which

About
full of water.
a mile
workings are now
engaged in sinking a small pit in Kushalgarh
ore.

of two

or

three

schist hills

small

pitsnow

fallen

together.

Tasing.

near

Partapgarh have been abandoned


latter placesthe workings were
The
natives
say that at the two
that the workings fell togethersuddenly, burying a large number

workings of Kushalgarh,Baghani, and


years.

Small

iron.

mine, probablythe
nearly abandoned, and

the

of Dariba.

west

is

long

workings

in

in the hillside.

arsenical

with

pyrites,mixed

Captain Impey,

natives

the

by

pitssunk

black slates

some

its southern

near

of

the instructions

sulphur. The mine is now


in finding a
some
difficulty
in

level

the

of the water.

observed

were

below

pit sunk

to drain the

Bhangarh workings consist

The

many

there
been

limestone,from

The

distance

Indawas

copper-ore

the

of copper

traces

ridge a
Near

from

of copper

of copper

I had

seen.

Ulwur,

at

in the form

occurs

copper

quantitiesof carbonate

the

in

occurs

abandoned

present drift was, I believe,


begun under

The

ore

to be

for
very
of

men.

few

years

since,a

small

limestone
for
fallen

together.

short time

depositof
near

the

silver lead

Gudha, and
ore

died out

ore

was

pitwas
in every

discovered

sunk

in the

in it,but

direction.

The

after

garh
Kushal-

working
pit has now

(
Mallet

Mr.

discovered

distance

south

Moti-dungriridge, a
Iron
in largequantitiesoccurs
One
near
Rajgarh, and the other
to

ore

large number

workings,
these

immense

an

The

mines.

These

but

near

able

rocks

to determine

mixture

the
of

of Ulwur.

the

iron
several

be

to

the

limonite, magnatite,
Contains

and

analysisof

59 '6 per

of

cent,

found

in

shown

The

ore

found

Aravali

the

bit of

iron

The

was

iron, and
for

from

the

contain

in situ,but

the

fallen

Khetrl

Bhangarh
the

number

analysisboth

On

shown

was

been

latter,however, only
I

from

ore

not

was

Bhangarh

mineral

"

of

cobalt,

was

produced.
of

fired.

fragmentswhen

the

iron
I

trace.

pit from

the

Shekawati,

it had

flew into

mine.

the

or

rocks

iron, and

in

mines

balls,which

cannon

by debris, that

zaipurite,"a

"

which

from

ore

successful.

not

mineral

the

the

at

nickel,iu

was

but it had

series

used

came

to

inquiriesfor

of the

of manganese.

"

making

strike

of manganese

12
When

angle

an

the

to

junctionscovered
oxide

series.

the

been

at

following is an

Aravali

the

Judging from the


produced by
yards long,and in placestwenty

have

hundred

appeared
The

point.

Rutile.

state.

must

disturbed,and

so

quartz veins in the

the base of
placesnear
Bhangarh. They supply

in

are

excavations

small

sorae

two

near

of

quantity

are

in

furnaces

excavations

thirty wide.
the

of

rutile ("titanic
acid) in

some

short

183

and

tried

which

the

ore

to

find

it had

been

were

the

ore

taken,

together.

Building materials,some

of

very

superiorquality,are

abundant

in

the

Ulwur

hills.

making good lime, exists in all parts of the state. The


for rough buildings,
walls,"c., but the Berla
ordinary quartzite is a useful stone
excellent
is
It
stone.
an
quartzitemakes
building
pearlygrey in colour,very durable,
difficult to work, and
is
not
easilyquarried. It
largelyquarried at Berla, Doroli,
Bharkhol, and quarriesof it could be opened in any part of the four ridgeseast of
Malakhera.
is built of this stone.
A largepart of the Raja's private station at Ulwur
used for roofing,flags,
Schistose quartzites
are
tfcc.,
largelyquarriednear Rajgarh,
Limestone,

Kirwari,
nearly

20

of

capable

At

Mandan.

and
feet

long

and

Rajgarh quarries I

the

2 feet wide.

The

have

rock

Mandan

slabs

seen

of

this

produces large square

rock

thin

slabs.

Ajabgarh

The

quarried,that

It is not

valleywould,
The

think

not

of the
there

marble

the

it

are

at

used

for

of, in Ulwur,

be

can

the

base

very

of the stations

roofing most
but

some

of the

hills

of the

in

the

railway.

Ajabgarh

slates.
slates

of the black

"fec. It is
door-posts,

of carved

is used

soft stone

and

for ornamental

from

The Taj at Agra is,I believe,built


produces a capitalmarble.
this band.
It is quarriedat Jhirri,and the natives
clever in making "jalee,"or perforatedscreens.

marbles

millstones

durable.

can

be

had

near

Kho

and

Baldeogarh,and

black

marble

Moti-dungriridge.
Good

poses
pur-

easilycarved, but

group

still very

Coloured

I know

limestone

form

Raialo

The

been

think, produce equallygood

Talcose

in the
do

slates have

are

made

from

the blue

quartzitesof

the Goleta
CHARLES

ridge.
A

HACKET.

from

ABSTKACT

IV."

CaptainImpey, when
Captain Impey's
settlements.

Political

t^e ^an"^

revenue

based

were

184

OF

SETTLEMENT

Agent

an

settlement

of the

made

Ulwur,
three

two

The

pay.

settlements of

summary

years, the second

of collections for
last

for ten.

They

series of years, modified

expired in

appointed,with

could not

settlement

settle- mary
of 1872.
seven

Summary
ment

REPORT.

1871, and in
a
regular

A.D.

directions

make

to

revenue.

regularsettlement

As this

of

average

rough calculation of capacityto


January 1872 a settlement officer was
by

the firstfor

"

on

and

be

at

was

completed for several


made, by which the

once

half per cent.,thus

years,

sum-

new

revenue

raised

was

"

Ks.

Captain Tmpey's 3-yearsettlement


collections of Captain Impey's 10-yearsettlement
fixed by summary
demand
settlement in 1872,

Average
Average
Annual
The

collections of

with

made

was

survey

plane tables.

obtained

were

Efficient

of

1858,

1,429,425
1861, 1,719,815

of
.

superintendentsand

British territory,and

from

1,892,513

about

90

tors
inspec-

measurers

Siirvcv

but

(Amins) ;
nearlyone-fourth

determined

were

the

in

Provinces.*

West

ascertain the average

The
the

and

village
maps,
in the

of each

rent

neighbourhood,and

tenants,

kind

In

to, and

referred

adopted

rent-rates

rent

as

But

fourths

of

assets

the net

three-fourths

by

the

than

more

where
villages

often
old

the

off

the

on

to

means

every

one

crop

"

bhach
for the

of

rates

from

revenue
"

rent-rate

true

revenue

the result of the

the

information

fixed

had

more

or

Favoured

all

villagefrom

all the

assets

determined.

was

no

In

arranged synopticallyin

village.
The portion of

marked

kinds of soil were

the

their

(or

rate

lands

worst

were

pargana

proposed.

rent-rates

of

The

below.

and
was

the North-

in
practised

rent-free grantees
locality.Cultivators,
between
the rents ; quarrels
assessed
lighton them.
Heavily
villages,

threw

with

compared
shown

are

the total
assessing,

where

rent-free

questioned about

in the hands

always

veyed
sur-

in the

concealment.

attempt

not

different

that was
distribution)
prevailed,
The
of villageservants.

revenue

by

last

only the Khalisa


villages
boundary (had

directed and

manner

officials were

sometimes
and proprietors
could
get
proprietorsof which
would

the 357

These

of

made

were

surveys

inspectingofficer endeavoured

cultivators

the

plane table.

of the

use

State were,

made.

were

rentals

The

Of

1431.

number

others of the Ulwur

and

in the
proficient
the villages.Field

of

which
fiscalvillages,

bast)maps

Patwarrfs

rendered
effort,

dint of much

or

130

the

to

statistical paper

share

into

taken

were

necessary

the State

as

sources

sideration,
con-

assessingofficer

prepared

for

each

generallytwo-thirds.

was

threepaid without apparent difficulty,


assessed
classes alreadyspoken of were
at
been

lower rates.

Appeals against the

assessment

modifications
AppealflThe
*

of

the

Mr.

first fixed

were

consulted,
made

by

and

some

the

Political

field

according

Agent.

with
villages
system of assessing

North-West

heard, tahslldars

were
sums

Colvin'a

Manual

Provinces

were

and

lump

his Memorandum

found

sums,

on

valuable
specially

the
aids.

instead

of each

revision

of settlements

in the

(
the ryot-warreesystem, was
Impey'ssettlements.*
of Rs.

amount

the

on

of

assessment

the

but

47,293 ;

it bad

adopted,as

to

Reductions

185

the

ten

increase

net

been

Captain
the

given to

were

collections of the

the

on

before

even

settlement

year

in vogue

of

last year

Captain Impey's settlement is for the first year of the


settlement 207,851, rising
That
to 267,743 by the twelfth year.
new
and nearly
is,an immediate increase of nearly1 2 per cent, on the ten-year settlement,
3 per cent,

The
and

settlement of 1872.

summary

The

assessments

shown

are

in the

rate

the

bigha on

per

present cultivated

will be R. 1-7-4 the first year,

area

1-8 the last.


A

record of

papers
on

the

on

attached.

statement

rightswas
neatlybound

were

tracingcloth
80,000

"rights?

attached.

Whilst the settlement


Rs.

laboriously
compiledfor each village
; the
and the village
together,
field-mapcopied

made

were

of

to the amount
in progress, advances (takavi)
for
the
of
wells. The
to villagers
construction
was

nearly

lands

not assessed as irrigated.


were
they will irrigate
In very few of the villages
possessingland irrigated
by

imposed

water-rate

merged.
the

be levied each

to
the

hough

area

under

positionof
Rs. 50

of

their

the

rest

were

been

ability
by means
guidance of

Water-rates,

the season,

greatlyimproved.

Most

formerlyreceived

grades,of which the pay is


A largenumber, about 85
table
well to survey villages
factorily.
satisplane
sufficiently

are

four

compelledto

for the

separate

month.

of the

use

sums.

has

there

6, 7, and

454,t learnt
The

and

Now

year.

Rs. 5,
respectively
out

Patwarrees

was

subactually
J

land

on

greatlywith

irrigatedvanes

so

peoplegenerally
preferred
lump
The

only
*

year

streams

Patwarrees

comprehensionof the village


map*
tions
direcDetailed
destroyedboundarypillars.
the discharge
of their ordinaryduties have

prove

of it to restore
in

their

been issued.

Govindgarh. It
the
Hazarl
by
formerlyirrigated
by
Govindgarh
Tahsil.
bandh, the dam which affected the battle of Laswaree.
Although the
since s. 1894
tahsll has not been so irrigated
rates
(A.D.1837),the high revenue
The

notice additional
only tahsll requiring

the

was

Before

annual

Captain Impey's settlements

land

revenue

that in Part IV. is

to

Riiparelbrought into

there

it

in

were

vogue

four modes

of

fixingthe

"

Kank-6,1,or appraisement of the standingcorn.


Batai,weighment of the gatheredgrain. For the share taken by State,see page 184.
left to the villagersto distribute,
assessment
and sometimes,
Chakota, a rough money
than a season, or even
than a year.
more
though not often,prolongedfor more
by

or
JBigheri,

assessment

the Darbar

for each

employed in
Contract

the

same

for

rates

or

ago.
Singh ; and

years

the pargana

are

bigha,fixed almost permanently


bigheri,
chakota,and batai would all be

rate per

short

It

term

latter would

to

seems

have

been

before

Major Impey's
throughout the State.
generally
t One

crop

with the proprietors,


of years, sometimes
sometimes
with a
make his collections either in accordance with the pargana
This system began to come
much
into vogue forty
by the other methods.

speculator.The
crop

by

kind of crop.
Sometimes
in the same
village
year.

hundred

and twenty-one

introduced

by

settlements

it

are

Musalman

ministers

of M. R. Baniu

prevailedextensively,indeed

in the first two

grades. Amongst

them

included.
2

pretty
the

veyors
sur-

186

which

originally

were

that

was

and

necessary,
in

of

some

and

all,
was

The

1st

the

with

Captain
Powlett

of

it

existing

at

revenue

assets.

net

the

revenue

paid

Council,

came

into

force

crop-rates,
been

of

for

of

judicial

under

310,000.

This

includes

the

Officer
Political

by

for

twenty

of

to

appeals

,.,.

Political

of

Agent

principles

the

Agent,

on

which

disputes

as

Settlement

Department,

,,

follows

"

........

right

or

biswaddri
....

Miscellaneous
.......

Appeal
.

Total

were

"c.

were

whilst

Ulwur.

Boundary

Proprietory

this,

operations

months,

cases.
,

Of

survey.

Agriculture,"

decided

cases

years.
Rs.

1872.

as

"

i.
sixteen

been

months.

rights,

proprietory

treated

has

Settlement
Cadell

Major

tenures,

"

for

run

of

four

and

years

"
to

is

account

on

officiating

acting

have

four

"

settlement

settlement

was

was

the

been

has

summary

Abbott

of

cost

been

The
Judicial

sanction

the

the

were

The

people

the

that
of

cent,

per

the

and

Io7o,

total

has

taken

time

determined,

how

sequence
con-

remissions

89,912.

Us.

to

notwithstanding
75

with

10*0

September

115,000

Rs.

Crops,

than

101,876

the

and

upheld,
Large

marvellous

was

possible,
more

settlement,

new

The

Major

was

Rs.

it

less

or

state.

new

on

connected

that

were

it

from

high

more

distressed

very

reduced

reductions

Settlement.

The

were

so

unless

commen-

of

cement

was

in

been

had

irrigation

was

villages

reduced

of

the

to

villages

revenue

substantial

never

Date

the

the

due

the

.....

13,800

exclusive

"wa"H!A

PIMM

CO

NAH

irrigated
ways,
see

KATLI,
Irrigation."
land
a

ous

"

var
DAPR

8.

ALABI

58

^
o

"
o
'Pint U9

I
I.
O

^5

-3

S
w
H

"putii ip^

"pn

H
OQ

jo

'C

~-

-'.'""

"

"

O"

~.

w-

C*

"."*!.
oio"
ej
"*"

E3S

JO

.'7.1.

""n
CO

"e

1-1

eo

I-H

)I! .."

-2

i
"6

i
"

p"

-4

"
-e

"
*
g

^"^

"

"

i K

s"

'

"1

"

1* 8
cc

E-

"

"-"

(
AGREEMENTS

V."

192

BETWEEN

BRITISH

THE

AND

ULWUR

GOVERNMENTS.

BAHADUR

SINGH
the

on

the BRITISH

between

AGREEMENT

GOVERNMKNT

MAHARAO

RAJA

authorityfrom

Ulwur, under

His

HIGHNESS

his heirs and

ULWUR,

OF

part by Major Thomas

one

and

SEWAI

executed

successors,

Cadell,V.C., Political Agent

Alfred

MANGAL

the Court

at

of

C.

Lyall,Esq., Officiating
Agent to the
Rajpootana,in virtue of the full powers
him
vested
in
Robert
Edward
by His Excellency the Right Honourable
Lytton Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton of Kneb worth, G.M.S.I., Viceroy and
the other part by Pandit
Governor -General of India, and on
Rupnarain Rai
Governor- General

Bahadur,

of

Member
him

conferred upon

of

Government

territories

own

in

thereat

duty

as

render

may

of

on

is

the

within

manufactured

now

saccharine produce

States ; and

willingto co-operate
both
by making such

abolition

of the

inland

risk to the
other

the

abolish the

to

proposes

other

with

the

British

arrangements
line

customs

Imperial salt

in

in
the

revenue,

articles,
or
entering,
leaving,

Ulwur

territories is limited

in

inferior in

quality;
followingarticles are agreed upon

quantityand
The

salt

and

sugar

without
neighbourhoodof the Ulwur State possible
all duties on salt,sugar, and all
and by abolishing
territories ; and
its
passingthrough

Whereas

thereof

other Native

and

measure,

the

full powers

abolishingartificialrestrictions on

pursuance

levied

Ulwur

this

of the

of Ulwur.

is desirous

trade,and

giving effect to

in

Government

in virtue

Regency Council,Ulwur,

into Ulwur
territory

British

the

Whereas

the

of

the Government

by

line and

customs

exportedfrom

its

the

internal

impediments to

inland

States

the British Government

Whereas
and

the

for

"

ARTICLE

FIRST.

of
by the British Government, the Government
and
shall suppress
Ulwur
absolutelyprohibitand prevent the manufacture of salt
within the Ulwur
State,whether overtlyor under the guise of manufacturingsaltpetre
that salt cannot
other saline product,and shall destroy existingsaltpans,
be
so
or

and

From

made

after

to be

date

fixed

therein.

ARTICLE
and after

From

date

of

to be

kind

transit duty
any
of,the Ulwur Government

or

that

Provided

choongi,or

other

and
territory,
that

or

be

within

duty

this
on

populationof

Provided

not

further,that
from

or

export, import,

no

permission

knowledge

or

territories.
to

prohibitthe levy of octroi,

imported into towns within the Ulwur


consumption therein,subject only to the condition
cess

or

duty, shall

of the conclusion
less than

the

articles

any

of this

five thousand

nothing

levying any such


as
drug
preparation,
intoxicating
Government

by, or

Government,

with

article shall be held

for actual

levied at the time

levied

the Ulwur

octroi,choongi,or other

such

it is not

cess

intended

fixed by the British

shall

nothing in

SECOND.

in

this

duty
it may

not

agreement,

unless

(5000) inhabitants

article shall
on

be levied in any

be held

to

town

tains
con-

; and

debar

the Ulwur

opium,
bhang, ganja,spirits,

consider necessary

where

town

such

for excise

or

purposes.

other

THIRD.

ARTICLE
The

Government

consumptionwithin
by the

controlled

Ulwur

prohibitand

British Government,
on

the export from

and

which

shall

also,if

its territories into

requiredby

so

ARTICLE

the British Government, prevent

of
territory

British

referred to at the close of the


preparations

drugs or

being salt producedat works


paid the duty levied by the

has

produced.

salt so

Government

into and
prevent the importation

territoriesof any salt not

the Ulwur

British Government
The

shall

of Ulwur

193

any

of the

intoxicating

precedingarticle.

FOURTH.

proved to exist within the Ulwur territories


agreedupon shall be broughtinto operation,
arrangements
if so requiredby the British Government, take possesof Ulwur
the Government
shall,
sion
thereof the option either of
of such stocks of salt,and shall give the owners
valuation as may be
at such equitable
the salt to the British Government
transferring
in concurrence
with the Political Agent in Ulwur,
of Ulwur
fixed by the Government
In the
of paying to the said Agent a duty not exceedingRupees 3 per maund.
or
of the owners
aforesaid accepting
event
the latter alternative,
as
they shall be allowed
to retain the salt on
be paid.
which duty as providedmay
If any

at

of salt be

considerable stock

the time

when

herein

the

ARTICLE
The
with

British Government

its

establishment,which officer
so
Ulwur, and shall,when

small

Government

shall at

of

FIFTH.
own
or

expense

maintain

one

officers shall be under

ordered,visit any

or

officers

more

the orders

part of the Ulwur

of the
tories,
terri-

be appointed
and report to the Government
of Ulwur, or to such officials as may
of Ulwur
to receive
such reports,any infractions or allegedor
by the Government
issue for the
of Ulwur
suspectedinfractions of the orders which the Government
may
purpose of givingeffect to Articles I. and II. of this agreement, and the officer or officers
of Ulwur
with
aforesaid may be invested by the Government
authorityto investigate

all such
as

infractions and

the Government

to

prosecute the offenders

of Ulwur

appointfor the trial of such

may

ARTICLE
In consideration of the due

before such

and

of the Ulwur

tribunals

offenders.

SIXTH.

effectual observance

by

of Ulwur

the Government

of all the

hereinbefore provided,
the British Government
stipulations
agrees to pay to
of Ulwur
thousand
the
of
hundred
and
sum
one
yearly
twenty-five
in half-yearly
instalments,the first instalment to be paid after the expiration
months
from the date fixed as providedin Articles I. and II.

the Government
rupees

of six

Provided

that it be

proved

to the

satisfaction

of the

Government

of

Ulwur

that

ture
privaterightshave in any case been infringed
by the suppressionof local manufacabove providedfor,the said Government
shall equitably
compensate any persons
whose
for any losses therebysustained.
rightshave been infringed
to deliver yearlyat Sambhur, free of
Further, the British Government
engages
cost and duty,one
ment
thousand niauuds of salt of good qualityfor the use of the Governof Ulwur to any one empowered by the said Government
of Ulwur in that behalf.
ARTICLE
None

of the

without

the

SEVENTH.

herein agreedupon shall be


stipulations
consent
of both parties.
previous

in any way set aside

2B

or

fied
modi-

1148P.

No.
SECRETARY

the OFFG.

From

194

of INDIA

the GOVERNMENT

to

A. 0. HUME,

to

Esq.,C.B.,

SpecialDuty.

on

(ForeignDepartment, Political.)
1877.

SIMLA, 22d May


9th

SIR," In replyto your letter No. 36, dated


it is

therewith,which
State.

Ulwur

proposed to
the honour

I have

"

approves the
between

in Council

that the Governor-General

April 1877, am directed to say


revised draft Agreement submitted

(Signed)

servant,

THORNTON,

T. H.

the Govt. of India.

0/g. Secy,to

under

AGREEMENT

the Native
MAHARAO

ARTICLES

OF

and

under

power

made

under

And

whereas

by

section
under

only

with

the

Act

any

made

first three
such

is

requiredto

the

the

Mint

of Calcutta

has

requested the

the

case

coined

are

such

send

And

to

and

metal

mint

any

by

in

Raja
Highness the said Maharao
said Act, and has, pursuant to

Government

of

coins,and

under

India

the

the Government

such

has

the

corresponding

India

metal

to

be

Mint

mentioned)the
is

of Ulwur

the power

of India

that

coin.
State

Native

authority,sent
lakhs

into two

said Act

exercise

to

India.

section five of the said

British

therein

it into

convert

shall be

power

condition

into agreements

whereas

(subjectas

and

is the

of the

silver to be coined

said

shall enter

presents.
to

Act,

same

receive

His

meaning

of the

coins

in British

such

that

which

that

specifiedmetal,

of any

legaltender

Council

in

Gazette of India

coins

it is declared

conditions,amongst

articles of these

under

whereas

And
within

such

be

part,

one

of the other part.

in the

the

coins,or

State,shall

the said Act

State is authorised

coin

into

Master

of

certain

State for which

Native

Native

the

on

the Governor- General

by notification
in the

INDIA

OF

ULWUR

OF

Coinage Act, 1876,


if made

four

RAJA

declare

to

said Act for any

the

exercisable

time

of money,

of payment

tender

to

THE

ULWUR.

OF

the GOVERNMENT

MAHARAO

THE

the Native

time

from

between

made

HIGHNESS

His

Whereas
has

AGREEMENT

EAJA

HIGHNESS

with His

Coinage Act, 1876,

the

and

Government

obedient

most

be, Sir,your

British

the

execute
to

of rupees, and
recited

hereinbefore

consented

the

to

in

such

exercise

to

by issuingthe requisitenotification in the Gazette of India on the execution by


His Highness the said Maharao
Raja of Ulwur of this Agreement.
these presents witness,and it is hereby agreed between
Now
the parties
hereto as
follows (that
is to say):
First, His Highness the Maharao
cessors
Raja of Ulwur agrees for himself and his sucto abstain during a term
of thirtyyears from
the date of the notification

power

"

aforesaid

from

coining silver

resemblingsilver coins, for


the expirationof the said
successors,

or

jurisdiction.

with his

or

in

the

time

term

their

his

be

own

Mint, and

also

being a legaltender
struck

permissionat

under
any

the

that

undertakes
in British

authority

placewithin

or

coins

no

India,shall
of

himself

without

his

or
or

after
his

their

INDEX.

A.

Banni

PAGE

Abubakr

Bansur

Barah

AdilShah
Administration

114

Advances

185

Afghans

15,26
124

Barod
Bas

158

Stream

Bards

192

Ahirs

21

157,

"Barahkotri"

Agreements
Agriculture

Singh

142

Kirpalnagar

87

Bhangarh

45

Bhindiisi

137
167
133

...

Ahmad

Khan

Ahmad

Baksh

Bijivar

4,5

Birds,

19

Khan

Ajabgurh

of

List

37

Bisaldeo

168

Ajmir

14,25,140

Blair

25

...

Akbar

7,

Akbarpur
Akhe

Singh

20, 21,

Alaora
Alam

Blights

10

Altamsh
...

...

...

118

Border

23

Brahmins

Buffaloes

78-80

Passes
Settlement

Boundary

147

Khan

99

Boating

159

29

43,123
106

...

Ammujan
Appeals

85

Bullocks

184

Appendix

Materials

Building

22

106

171
...

Aravali

...

...

...

Series

181

Aristocracy

C.

119
...

Armoury
Army

118

107,

Artillery
Assessments

108

Cadell, Major

107

Camels

184

Camp

...

B.

25
106
118

Equipage

Canal

90

Carts

97
97

Cattle
Bdbar

5,9

Cavalry

Baghor

133

Census

Baghora

138

Chand

3,4

Bahadarpur

Bahror

140,

Banisrawab

Singh

Charaonds

153
...

Dasis

Charun

140,159

Lodi

Bakhtawar

37
"

'

BahadarNahar

Bahlol

107

141

Chiman

143

Churaman

19

Balban

59,60

Chauhans

121

Singh

20,23
11

Climate

128
110

Coinage

Baleta

157

Communications

Baldeogarh

169

Copper

78,80
...

Balwant

Singh

21

87
116

Council

Bambohra

138

Country,

Bandoli

154

Courts

Baniyas

43

...

Description

of

27
114-116
114

Revenue
...

H.

PAGE

Courts, Criminal

114,115

PiOl

Nazul

115

"Habub"

Civil

116

Hajikhan
Hajipur...
"HakMujrai"
Hammirpur

"
"

Cows

106

Crops

87

Rotation

of

89

"

Customs

102

48
7
159
...

...

...

...

48
159

Hansi

Hardeo

Singh

25

Harsoli

138

Harsora

D.

159
...

Hasan
Dahri

92

Damdama

134

Dasa

13
2-4

Dehra

157

Dig

1
112

Dispensary

48

Hemu

Hills

28

Hindal

Hindu

Dehli

Diseases

Khan

Deities

52
...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Horses
...

Hoshdar

18

Humaiun
Establishment

Hunting

Elephants

105

Impey, Captain
Imtiyazis

Endowments

Ill

Indor

Education

73, 74

Expenditure
Treaty

119

108

4,134,135
80

Irrigation

174

Islam

F.

90-92,103,108,139

...

Shah

Ismail

Fairs

Beg

11,12

Ismailpur

138

Isroda

137

71,72

Fatehbad

138

Features

of

Country

118

Shah

Fiscal

J.

28

Festivals

Divisions
...

37,126,127

Fish
Floods

Jadu

2
...

Jagirdars

30

Jail

99

Jains

31

4,6

Jai Singh
Jallu

107

Jats

122
...

109,110
69,70

Forests
Ulwur
...

Fort

5,9

...

Iron

100-102

Extradition

Fort

6, 7

I.

E.

Firoz

105

Khan

Garrisons

11
...

...

43

...

Foreign

Service

48,49

Jewano

135

Jhindoli

140

Jhirka

Jhirri

G.

Judicial

85,etseq.
Cases

"

..

Galena

182

Games

46

Gardens

K.

103

Garhi

23

Genealogical Tree

176

Kadirnagar
Kahan
Singh

Geology

177

KahfrPanthis

Gifts

Ill

Kairthal

Glass

86

Kalas

44,45

86

Kama

14,19

Garhi

Mamur

Gneiss

Gobindgarh
Grass

Gujars
"

Gunijau

Khana"

159

144,145
33,34

Kankwdri

43

Karnikot

119

Katumbar

Karauli

140
14
60-69
135

165
2
140

160, 161

198

PAGE

Khdnzadas
Khizar Khdu

2,39
3,4

KhoDariba

164

Khora

14, 25

Khushak

Ram

V.F:

4
...

...

...

...

153

Mubarakpur

76

Municipalities

70, 71

Musalmans

17

Kitchen

(Eassoi)
"KothiDasapra"

119
108

Kotila

3,4

Kucha

Mubarak

19

wan

N.

NajafKhan
Najaf

Kuli

Nallah

Beds

11
93
...

159

Narainpur

L.

17

11, 12,

...

Khan

Narukhand

Lachmangarh
Lakdir

162

Singh

Lake

19

Nasiruddin

Lakes

29

Nickel

Lala

13

Lai

LalDasis

53-59

Land

Claims

Land

Revenue

119,120
12, 13, "c.

Nariikhas

23-25

Das

Families

Naruka

95
189

182, 183

153

Nikach

Nikumpa
Nilkantn, Remains

...

...

...

...

of

165

Nimli

133
121-123

Nimrana

Laswarree

19

Nixon

Lead

Ore

83

Nogawan

153

Library

119

Nurnagar

138

Lime

98

Limestone
Literature

...

...

...

Appendix
O.

74, 75

96

Occupancy Rights
Ochterlony

M.

21

'

123

Officials

Macheri
Mahesh
Mahtab

23,24

7,15,164
2

Singh

P.

25

"Malbah"

46

.:
...

MalaKhera

157

Malliks

10

Mandawar

138,

Mdndan

141,147

Mandha

139

134

Mangal Singh
Maharaja
"

24
24
...

...

Manisni
...

...

...

...

...

...

162
...

...

24

Manufactures

...

...

...

Marble

...

...

Mewat

...

People,Condition

...

...

...

...

...

...

44

of

18
...

Police

106

89

44

Poor

Population
Price Current

112

Prithwi

1, 2

Public

50, 51
98

Pulj
Works

Pur

2
108
138

41
...

...

,..

...

...

Minerals

31,86

Mines

80-83

Mint
Muazinas

108

Pensioners

143

Mewathi
Minas

15
190

Patwarris

PipalRhera
Ploughing

37

Meos
...

...

16

118

...

...

...

Menagerie

Meteorology

168
...

...

89

88
...

14

Partapgarh
Partap Singh

140

135
...

15

Para

Phalsa

...

Masit
...

14
Thikauas

...

83, 84. 108

Measures

Panch

Perron

76-78

Manure
Maonda...

14

Paliva

...

Manjpur
Manphul

140

Pahal
Pai

110
189

Quarries

83-85

199

R.

PAOB

Surajraal

PAGE

Raht

1, 167

Rajawat
Raialo

182-184

Raja Bahadar
Rajgarh
Rajpiira
Rajputs
Ramgarh
Rampur

T.

23

20,

...

162-164
164

Tahla

39

Talao

164
164

Talbirich, Hot
Tapokra

144, 145
159

Ramsewak

19

Tazims

Ramu

21

Tenures

Ranthambor

15

Thana

88

Thana

52

Tijara
Tillage
Timurlang

18,

...

Reaping
Religion

...

Reni

164

Rent-free

Holdings

125

of

160
134

122, 123
94, 95
18, 25, 164
Ghazi

165,166,168
2,4,5,11,126-132
87
3

and

Grass

103,

of Wood

118

"Toshakhaua

93,94,185
of Game

Reserves

Springs

...

Rates

Rent

15
184

Survey

78-80

104

Trade

103

Treaties

Appendix,

...

"

Revenue

171,

172

...

Rewari

1,

...

Rivers

31-33

Trees

100-102
2

28

"Rozindars"

U.

108

Rupnarain

25

Ulwur

City

Ulwur

Tahsil

1, 155-157
154

S.
Sahwal

21

Saligram

21

Salt
"

Saltpetre
Sampradiyas
Samuchi

86,

Vaccination

103
86

Vakils

53

Vegetable

85

Sanitation

112

Sarehta

134

Schools

113
97

Productions

Ill

Vishnuites

53

W.

48

Settlement

31

Vehicles

161

Sandstone

V.

184.

Shahabad

Wages

133

88
...

Sheodan

Singh

23, 24

Sherpur
SherShah

7
52

Shrines

Sikandar

128, 143,

Wealthy
Weights
Wild

71,72
Lodi

Water

153

Shivites

Wai

44
...

98, 99

Animals

34,

Slates

85

Slaves

124

Wood

104,

Workshops

119
...

188

Songs

45

Soukar

161

Streams

105

109

Wrestlers
...

Stone,

35

...

Soils

190

Prices

of

Z.

85
28

Zanana

117
..

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