Academy of Technology

Question Bank
IC Engine & Gas Turbine

(ME 601)
Discipline: ME
Course: B-Tech
Semester: 6th
Faculty: Dr. A. Kundu and Dr. P.K. Pal
For Institute Use Only

GROUP-A
Multiple type questions
1. Commonly used injection system in automobile is a) air injection b) solid injection c) combination of
(a) and (b) d) none of these.
2. The ratio of brake power to indicated power of an I.C.Engine is called a) mechanical efficiency b)
thermal efficiency c) volumetric efficiency d) relative efficiency.
3. For same compression ratio a) thermal efficiency of Otto cycle is less than that of Diesel cycle b)
thermal efficiency of Otto cycle is greater than that of Diesel cycle c) thermal efficiency of Otto
cycle is same as that of Diesel cycle d) thermal efficiency of Otto cycle cannot be predicted.
4. Anti-knock property of C.I.engine fuel can be improved by adding a) tetraethyl lead b) trimethyl
pentane c) amyl nitrate d) hexadecane.
5. For economy (minimum fuel consumption), the air-fuel ratio for petrol engine is of the order of a)
9:1 b) 12:1 c) 16:1 d) 18:1.
6. Supercharging of I.C.engine is essential for a) marine engine b) aircraft engine c) stationary engine
d) none of these.
7. Advantages of reciprocating IC engines over steam turbine is a) mechanical simplicity b) improved
plant efficiency c) lower average temperature d) all of the above.
8. Compression ratio in Diesel engines is of the order of a) 5-7 b) 7-10 c) 10-12 d) 14-20.
9. Thermal efficiency of C.I engine is higher than that of S.I.engine due to a) fuel used b) higher
compression ratio c) constant pressure heat addition d) none of the above.
10. Main advantage of a two-stroke engine over four-stroke engine is a) more uniform torque on the
crankshaft b) more power output for the cylinder of same dimensions c) absence of valves d) all of
the above.
11. With dissociation peak temperature is obtained a) at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio b) when the
mixture is slightly lean c) when the mixture is slightly rich d) none of the above.
12. With dissociation the exhaust gas temperature a) decreases b) increases c) no effect d) increases upto
certain air-fuel ratio and then decreases
13. Fuel-air ratio affects maximum power output of the engine due to a) higher specific heats b)
chemical equilibrium losses c) both (a) and (b) d) none of the above.
14. For a compression process with variable specific heat the peak temperature and pressure are a) lower
b) higher c) no effect
15. The intake charge in a Diesel engine consists of a) air alone b) air + lubricating oil c) air + fuel d) air
+ fuel + lubricating oil.
16. In SI engines maximum flame speed is obtained when the equivalence ratio is between a) 1.1 and
1.2 b) 1.0 and 1.1 c) 1.2 and 1.3 d) less than 1
17. Increasing the compression ratio in SI engines the knocking tendency a) decreases b) increases c) not
effected d) none of the above
18. Desirable characteristics of the combustion chamber for SI engines to avoid knock is a) small bore b)
short ratio of flame path to bore c) absence of hot surfaces in the last region of the charge d) all of the
above.
19. The advantages of the indirect injection combustion chambers are a) low injection pressure b)
direction of spray is not critical c) both (a) and (b) d) good cold starting performance

Department of Mechanical engineering, AOT

20. For a four cylinder vertical engine, the commonly used firing order is a) 1-2-3-4 b) 3-4-1-2 c) 1-3-42 d) 4-3-2-1
21. Battery ignition system a) occupies more space b) has more maintenance problem c) is commonly
employed in four wheelers d) all of the above.
22. For engine operating with rich mixtures the optimum spark timing a) must be advanced b) must be
retarded c) must be at TDC d) none of the above.
23. Consider the following statements: 1. In the SI engines detonation occurs near the end of combustion
whereas in CI engines knocking occurs near the beginning of combustion 2. In SI engines no
problem are encountered on accounts of preignition 3. Low inlet pressure and temperature reduce
knocking tendency in SI engines but increases the knocking tendency in CI engines. Which of the
statements given below are correct? A)1,2 & 3 b) only 1 & 2 c) only 2 & 3 d) only 1 & 3. (IES-2006)
24. The delay period in CI engine depends upon which of the following? a) temperature and pressure in
the cylinder at the time of injection b) nature of the fuel mixture strength c) relative velocity between
the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases d) all of the above. (IES-2007)
25. In a Morse test a 2-cylinder, 2-stroke, spark ignition engine, the brake power was 9 kW whereas the
brake powers of individual cylinders with spark cut were 4.25 kW and 3.75kW respectively. The
mechanical efficiency of the engine is a) 90% b) 80% c) 45.5% d) 52.5%. (IES-1999)
26. Consider the following statements: In order to prevent detonation in a spark ignition engine, the
charge away from the spark plug should have 1. Low temperature 2. Low density 3. Long ignition
delay. Which of the statements given below is/are correct? a) only 1 b) only 2 c) only 3 d) 1,2 &
3.(IES-2006)
27. Thermal efficiency varies a) inversely as sfc b) directly as sfc c) as square as sfc d) as root as sfc.
28. Mechanical efficiency is ratio of a) fp to bp b) fp to ip c) bp to ip d) ip to fp.
29. If N is the rpm, number of power strokes per minute in a four-stroke engine is a) 2N b) N/2 c) N d)
4N.
30. Volumetric efficiency is a measure of a) speed of the engine b) power of the engine c) breathing
capacity of the engine d) pressure rise in the cylinder.
31. The volumetric efficiency of a well designed engine is in the range a) 30 to 40% b) 40 to 60% c) 60
to 70% d) 75 to 90%
32. Supercharging increases the power output of the engine by a) increasing the charge temperature b)
increasing the charge pressure c) increasing the speed of the engine d) quantity of fuel admitted.
33. Supercharging air compressor is driven by a) exhaust gas turbine b) engine itself c) separate
electrical motor d) none of the above.
34. Volumetric efficiency of supercharged engine is a) between 90 100% b) between 80 90% c)
between 100 110% d) between 70 80%.
35. Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio of petrol is roughly a) 50:1 b) 25:1 c) 15:1 d) 1:1
36. Venturi in the carburetor results in a) decrease of air velocity b) increase of air velocity c) decrease
of fuel flow d) increase of manifold vacuum.
37. The choke is closed when the engine is a) accelerating b) hot c) cold d) idling.
38. Lean air mixture is required during a) idling b) starting c) accelerating d) cruising.
39. During starting petrol engines require a) stoichiometric mixture b) lean mixture c) rich mixture d)
any air-fuel ratio is alright.
40. Assertion (A): The CI engine is basically more suitable for supercharging than the SI engine.
Reason (R): In the CI engine supercharging tends to prevent Diesel knocking. a) both A and R are
individually true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true.(IES-2000)
41. Assertion (A): A simple carburetor which is set to give a correct mixture at low air speeds will give
a progressively rich mixture as the air speed is increased. Reason (R): As the pressure difference
over the jet of a simple carburetor increases the weight of petrol discharge increases at a greater rate
than does the air supply. a) both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is
false but R is true.(IES-1995)
42. By higher octane number of SI fuel, it is meant that the fuel has a) higher heating value b) higher
flash point c) lower volatility d) longer ignition delay. (IES-1995)
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43. Knocking in the SI engine decreases in which one of the following orders of combustion chamber
design a) F head, L head, I head b) T head, L head, F head c) I head, T head, F head d) F head, I
head, Thead. (IES-1995)
44. The two reference fuels used for cetane rating are a) cetane and isooctane b) cetane and tetraethyl
lead c) cetane and n-heptane d) cetane and methyl naphthalene. (IES-1995)
45. The method of determination of indicated power of multicylinder SI engine is by the use of a) Morse
test b) prony brake test c) Heat balance test (IES-1995).
46. Assertion (A): A very high compression ratio is favoured for a CI engine, in order to attain high
mechanical efficiency without knocking. Reason (R): The delay period in CI combustion affect rate
of pressure rise and hence knocking. a) both A and R are individually true and R is the correct
explanation of A b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R
is false d) A is false but R is true.(IES-1996)
47. Assertion (A): Pre-chamber Diesel engines use higher injection pressure when compared to open
combustion chamber engines. Reason (R): Pre-chamber engines have higher compression pressures.
a) both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true
but R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true.(IES1997)
48. Assertion (A): One of the important requirements of carburetor is the supply of lean mixtures at
starting. Reason (R): A rather lean mixture is required at no-load and low-load operation of a SI
engine. a) both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R
are true but R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is
true.(IES-1997)
49. Assertion (A): The CI engine is basically more suitable for supercharging than the SI engine.
Reason (R): In the CI engine supercharging tends to prevent Diesel knocking. a) both A and R are
individually true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true.(IES-2000)
50. Disadvantages of reciprocating IC engine are a) vibration b) use of fossil fuels c) balancing problems
d) all of these.
51. In a four-stroke IC engine cam shaft rotates at a) same speed as crankshaft b) twice the speed of
crankshaft c) half the speed of crankshaft d) none of these.
52. If L is the stroke and N is the rpm, mean piston speed of two-stroke engine is a) LN b) LN/2 c) 2LN
d) none of these.
53. Equivalence ratio is a) actual fuel-air ratio / Stoichiometric fuel-air ratio b) Stoichiometric fuel-air
ratio / actual fuel-air ratio c) Stoichiometric fuel-air ratio / actual air-fuel ratio d) actual air-fuel ratio
/ Stoichiometric fuel-air ratio.
54. In a reciprocating engine with a cylinder diameter of D and stroke of L, the cylinder volume is a) (
/ 4)D2L x clearance volume b) ( / 4)D2L - clearance volume c) ( / 4)D2L + clearance volume d) (
/ 4)D2L clearance volume.
55. Frictional power is given by a) fp = ip + bp b) fp = ip / bp c) fp = ip x bp d) fp = ip - bp.
56. Brake specific fuel consumption is defined as a) fuel consumption per hour b) fuel consumption per
km c) fuel consumption per bp d) fuel consumption per brake power hour.
57. The range of volumetric efficiency of a Diesel engine is a) 65-75% b) 75-85% c) 85-90% d) 90-95%.
58. Relative efficiency is the ratio of a) actual thermal efficiency / mechanical efficiency b) actual
thermal efficiency / air standard efficiency c) air standard efficiency / actual thermal efficiency d)
mechanical efficiency / actual thermal efficiency.
59. Transfer port is used in case of a) SI engine b) CI engine c) two-stroke engine d) four-stroke engine.
60. Gudgeon pin forms the link between a) piston and big end of the connecting rod b) piston and small
end of the connecting rod c) connecting rod and crank d) big end and small end.
61. Detonation in a SI engine occurs due to the a) pre-ignition of the charge before the spark b) sudden
ignition of the charge before the spark c) auto ignition of the charge after the spark d) none of these.
62. Supercharging or turbo charging increases the power output of the engine by a) increasing the charge
temperature b) increasing the charge mass by increasing the density c) increasing the speed of the
engine d) none of these.
63. Practical IC engine works on a) closed cycle b) Carnot cycle c) open cycle d) Rankine cycle.
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64. Brayton cycle is used in a) SI engine b) CI engine c) steam engine d) gas turbine.
65. Knocking takes place in CI engines a) at the start of combustion b) at the end of combustion c)
during combustion d) none of these.
66. Cetane number is the measure of a) antiknock quality of Diesel fuel b) antiknock quality of gasoline
c) auto-ignition temperature d) calorific value of fuel.
67. In a four stroke engine, the working cycle is completed in a) one revolution of the crank shaft b) two
revolution of the crank shaft c) three revolution of the crank shaft d) four revolution of the crank
shaft.
68. The thermodynamic cycle on which gasoline engine works, is a) Otto cycle b) Joule cycle c) Rankine
cycle d) Stirling cycle.
69. The theoretically correct mixture of air and petrol is a) 10:1 b) 15:1 c) 20:1 d) 25:1.
70. A petrol engine has compression ratio from a) 6 to 10 b) 10 to 15 c) 15 to 25 d) 25 to 40.
71. The air and fuel ratio of the petrol engine is controlled by a) carburetor b) injector c) governor d)
none of these.
72. The most perfect method of scavenging is a) cross scavenging b) uniflow scavenging c) loop
scavenging d) reverse flow scavenging.
73. Detonation in SI engine occurs due to a) pre-ignition of the charge before the spark b) sudden
ignition of the charge before the spark c) auto ignition of the charge after the spark d) none of these.
74. Ignition quality of Diesel engine is indicated by its a) octane number b) cetane number c) flash point
d) fire point.
75. In turbochargers compressor is a) electrically driven b) exhaust GT driven c) driven by the engine
itself d) none of these.
76. Decrease in air-fuel ratio in SI engines results in a) increase of NO x b) decrease of CO and UBHC c)
increase of CO and UBHC d) both (a) and (c).
77. The principal surfaces requiring lubrication in an IC engine are a) cylinder head b) crank case c) inlet
and exhaust manifold d) all of these.
78. Advantages of fuel injection in SI engine is a) low maintenance cost b) low initial cost c) increased
volumetric efficiency d) low pollution.
79. The choke is closed when the engine is a) cruising b) hot c) idling d) cold.
80. For the same compression ratio and heat rejection a) Otto > Dual > Diesel b) Otto < Dual < Diesel c)
Otto > Diesel > Dual d) Diesel > Otto > Dual.

GROUP-B
(Short answer type questions)
1. Explain why a S.I. engine fails to operate if the air-fuel ratio is more than 20:1 while a C.I. engine
can operate on an air-fuel ratio of even 50:1?
2. What is the difference between air-standard cycles and fuel-air cycles?
3. State the importance of fuel-air cycles. State the factors which should taken into considerations while
making fuel-air calculations.
4. How the thermal efficiency depends on fuel air mixture strength?
5. What is dissociation? How does it affect the power and temperature at different fuel-air mixture
strength?
6. What are the desirable properties of good I.C. engine fuels?
7. What is volatility? Why volatility is an important quality of S.I. engine fuels?
8. What is the significance of ASTM distillation curve?
9. Distinguish between Octane number and Cetane number. What are their significances in rating of
S.I. and C.I. engine fuels?
10. What qualities are desired in fuels to inhibit detonation?
11. Explain the effect of fuel viscosity on diesel engine performance.
12. What do you mean by ON of 85 and CN of 75? What is HUCR?
13. What is Performance number? What is its significance?
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14. Explain various factors that influence the flame speed.

15. What are the factors that limit the compression ratio that can be used in petrol engines?
16. Explain the terms and differences:(i) Pre-ignition; (ii) Auto-ignition; (iii) Detonation.
17. Abnormal combustion knock produced by surface ignition in S.I. engines is more harmful than
normal combustion knock. Justify.
18. Discuss the effect of engine variables on ignition lag.
19. The higher compression ratio that can be used in an S.I. engine is limited by the detonation
characteristics of the fuel. Justify.
20. Why retarding of spark timing in S.I. engine reduces detonation?
21. Discuss the effect on reducing the possibility of detonation of following variables: (i) compression
ratio; (ii) mixture inlet temperature; (iii) mass of charge; (iv) engine speed and (v) distance of flame
travel.
22. Auto ignition is the cause of detonation. Justify.
23. On what basis are S.I. engine fuels compared when they are better than iso-octane in anti knock
characteristics?
24. Discuss the basic requirements of a good S.I. engine combustion chamber.
25. Explain the phenomenon of knock in C.I. engine. Compare it with S.I. engine knock.
26. Explain Diesel Knock briefly.
27. How does the mixture composition in the combustion chamber of a C.I. engine differ that of a S.I.
engine?
28. The factors that tend to increase detonation in S.I engine tend to reduce knocking in C.I. engines.
Justify with reference to the following influencing factors: (i) compression ratio; (ii) inlet
temperature; (iii) inlet pressure; (iv) self ignition temperature; (v) lag of ignition; (vi) engine r.p.m.
29. Why does rate of pressure rise during combustion is limited to a certain value?
30. Discuss the influence of ignition delay on combustion process in S.I. and C.I. engines.
31. Why the inlet valve be kept open for a few degree of crank angles even when the piston is on the
compression stroke?
32. Discuss on the aids used for starting C.I. engines under extreme cold climate.
33. Define volumetric efficiency of an I.C. engine. How is it related to the power output of the engine?
How is it affected by the speed of the engine and altitude?
34. What are the requirements of an ignition system for an I.C. engine?
35. What is the difference between ignition timing and firing order?
36. State the functions of an ignition coil and a condenser in the battery ignition system of a multicylinder S.I. engine.
37. Supercharging is preferred in diesel engine than petrol engine. Justify.
38. What is supercharging? Explain why supercharging is essential in aircraft engines?
39. What are the different methods used in C.I. engines to create turbulence in the mixture? Explain its
effect on power output and thermal efficiency of the engine.
40. With the help of a neat sketch explain the working principle of a simple carburettor.
41. What is petrol injection? State the advantages and limitations of petrol injection.
42. Explain briefly the essential features of a good commercial carburettor for automotive engines.
43. What are the essential requirements to be fulfilled by a fuel injection system for C.I. engine? What is
the most common injection system used in a multi-cylinder diesel engine? Describe.
44. Discuss the effect of different engine parameters on engine friction: (i) cylinder size/number; (ii)
piston rings; (iii) compression ratio; (iv) engine load; (v) engine speed.
45. Discuss the working principle of a simple two stroke cycle petrol engine with neat diagram. How its
indicator diagram differs from that of a four stroke cycle engine?
(Long answer type Questions)
1. a) Briefly explain the following: i) Time loss factor ii) Heat loss factor iii) Exhaust blow down
factor.
b) A simple jet carburetor is required to supply 5 kg of air and 0.5 kg fuel per minute. The fuel
specific gravity is 0.75. The air is initially at 1 bar and 300 K. Calculate the throat diameter of the
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choke for a flow velocity of 100 m/s. Velocity coefficient is 0.8. If the pressure drop across the fuel
metering orifice is 0.8 of that of the choke, calculate orifice diameter assuming, C df = 0.6 and = 1.4.
2. a) What is dissociation? How does it affect power developed by the engine? Explain with the help of
a p-V diagram the loss due to variation of specific heats in an Otto cycle.
b) The air-fuel ratio of a Diesel engine is 29:1. If the compression ratio is 16:1 and the temperature at
the end of compression is 900 K, find at what cylinder volume the combustion is complete? Express
this volume as a percentage of stroke. Assume that the combustion begins at the top dead center and
takes place at constant pressure. Take calorific value of the fuel as 42000 kJ/kg, R = 0.287 kJ/kgK
and Cv = (0.709+0.000028T) kJ/kgK.
3. The following details were noted in a test on a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine, diameter = 100 mm;
stroke = 120 mm; speed of the engine = 1600 rpm; fuel consumption = 0.2 kg/min; calorific value of
fuel is 44000 kJ/kg; difference in tension on either side of the brake pulley = 40 kg; brake
circumference is 300 cm. If the mechanical efficiency is 80%, calculate a) brake thermal efficiency
b) indicated thermal efficiency c) indicated mean effective pressure and d) brake specific fuel
consumption.
4. a) A four-stroke, four-cylinder automotive engine develops 150 Nm brake torque at 3000 rpm. Find
brake power, displacement volume, stroke and bore of the engine. Assume mean brake effective
pressure and mean piston speed are 1 bar and 10 m/s.
b) Explain the phenomenon of dissociation. Show with the help of p-V diagram, effect of
dissociation in Otto cycle.
c) Discuss the important qualities of S.I.engine fuels .
5. a) Explain the working of a magneto ignition system with the help of neat sketch. b) What do you
understand by ignition timing? Discuss the various factors which effect ignition timing requirements.
c) What is angle of advance? Why is it necessary with the ignition system? d) What do you
understand by Scavenging effect? Explain with a suitable sketch any one of the scavenging
processes
6. a) Explain briefly the stages of combustion in an S.I.engine. b) What are the factors which effect the
delay period? C) What are the limitations of supercharging in an I.C.engine? d) What do you mean
by scavenging effect? Explain with a suitable sketch, any one of the scavenging processes.
7. a) Explain the phenomenon of dissociation. Show, with the help of p-V diagram, effect of
dissociation in Otto cycle. b) What is the difference between knocking phenomenon of S.I. and
C.I.engine? c) An Otto cycle engine having a clearance volume of 250 c.c. has a compression ratio of
8. The ratio of pressure rise at constant volume is 4. If the initial pressure is 1 bar, find work done per
cycle and the theoretical mean effective pressure.
8. a) What is meant by abnormal combustion? Explain the phenomena of knock in SI engines.
b) Explain the effect of various engine variables on SI engine knock.
9. a) Bring out clearly the process of combustion in CI engines and also explain the various stages of
combustion.
b) What is delay period and what are the factors that affect the delay period?
10. Explain the phenomenon of knock in CI engines and compare it with SI engine knock.
11. Explain with figures various types of combustion chambers used in SI and CI engines.
12. Why spark advance is required? Explain. Briefly explain the centrifugal advance mechanism
13. a) What will be the percentage change in efficiency of an Otto cycle having a compression ratio of
8.5, when the specific heat at constant volume increases by 1.4%. b) The compression ratio of an
engine working on an Otto cycle is 8 and the air/fuel ratio is 15:1, the pressure and temperature at the
beginning of a compression stroke being 1 bar and 60 oC respectively. The calorific value of the fuel
is 44,000 KJ/Kg. Determine the maximum temperature and pressure in the cylinder, if the index of
compression is 1.32 and the specific heat at constant volume of the products of combustion is given
by Cv = ( 0.638 + 0.000137T) kJ/KgK, where T is the temperature in Kelvin. Compare this value
with that of constant specific heat Cv = 0.717 kJ/KgK.
14. A six cylinder 4S oil engine operates on A/F ratio = 20. The diameter and stroke of the cylinder are
100 mm and 140 mm respectively. The volumetric efficiency is 80%. The conditions of air at the
beginning of compression are 1 bar, 27oC.
(i) determine the maximum amount of fuel that can be injected in each cylinder per second;
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(ii) if the engine speed is 1500 r.p.m., injection pressure is 150 bar, air pressure during injection is 40
bar, and fuel injection is carried out for 20o crank angle, determine the diameter of the fuel orifice.
Take f = 860 kg/m3, Cf = 0.67.
15. A four stroke four-cylinder spark-ignition engine having a bore of 100 mm and stroke of 120 mm
and running at 3000 rpm has a carburetor venturi with a 35 mm throat diameter. The volumetric
efficiency of the engine at this speed is 80%, the coefficient of discharge of air flow is 0.82. The
ambient pressure and temperature are 1.013 bar and 25 0C respectively. The air/fuel ratio is 15. The
top of the jet is 5 mm above the petrol level in the float chamber. The coefficient of discharge for
fuel flow is 0.7. Determine the depression at the throat and the diameter of the fuel jet of a simple
carburetor. The specific gravity of petrol is 0.75.
16. A petrol engine develops 8 kW brake power having brake thermal efficiency of 30% when working
at the full-load condition. The calorific value of the fuel is 44,000 kJ/Kg. The suction conditions of
the engine are 1.013 bar and 300 K. The carburetor fitted on this engine has a single jet of 2.5 mm 2
and the nozzle lip is 8 mm. Determine the venturi throat diameter of the carburetor to provide an
air/fuel ratio of 15:1. Assume the following data: Cda = 0.9, f = 750 kg/m3, Cdf = 0.7, va (at NTP) =
0.8 m3/kg.
17. A four cylinder SI engine has a bore of 60 mm and a stroke of 85 mm. It runs at 3000 rpm and is
tested at this speed against a brake which has a torque arm of 0.35 m. The net brake load is 160 N
and the fuel consumption is 6.6 litre/hr. The specific gravity of the fuel used is 0.78 and it has a
lower calorific value of 44,000 KJ/kg. A morse test is carried out and the cylinders are cut out in the
order 1, 2, 3, 4 with the corresponding brake loads of 114, 110, 112 and 116 N respectively.
Calculate for this speed the bp, the bmep, the brake thermal efficiency, the bsfc, the ip, the
mechanical efficiency, and the imep.
18. a) What are the different stages of combustion in a CI engine?
b) Explain the effects of compression ratio and engine speed on the first stage of combustion in a CI
engine. c) A four-stroke four-cylinder Diesel engine running at 2000 r.p.m. develops 60 kW. Brake
thermal efficiency is 30% and calorific value of fuel is 42 MJ / kg. Engine has a bore of 120 mm and
stroke of 100 mm. Take air density = 1.15 kg / m3, air-fuel ratio = 15:1 and mechanical efficiency =
0.8, Calculate i) fuel consumption (kg /s) ii) air consumption (kg /s) iii) indicated thermal efficiency
iv) volumetric efficiency v) brake mean effective pressure vi) mean piston speed.
19. a) What is petrol injection? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of petrol injection system
over the carburetor system.
b) What are the advantages and limitations of supercharging in an IC engine? c) Fuel supplied to an
SI engine has a calorific value 42,000 kJ /kg. The pressure in the cylinder at 30% and 70% of the
compression stroke are 1.3 bar and 2.6 bar respectively. Assume that the compression follows the
law pV1.3 = constant. Find the compression ratio. If the relative efficiency of the engine compared
with the air standard efficiency is 50%, calculate the fuel consumption in kg / kWh.
20. a) Compute the brake mean effective pressure of a four cylinder, four stroke Diesel engine having
150 mm bore and 200 mm stroke which develops a brake power of 73.6 Kw at 1200 rpm.
b) Find the mean piston speed of a Diesel engine running at 1500 rpm. The engine has a 100 mm
bore and L /D ratio is 1.5.
21. a) A gas turbine plant operates on the Brayton cycle and the air at the inlet is at 27 oC and 0.1 MPa.
The pressure ratio is 6.25 and the maximum temperature is 800 0C. The turbine and the compressor
efficiencies are each 80%. Find the following: i) the compressor work per kg of air ii) the turbine
work per kg of air iii) the heat supplied per kg of air iv) the cycle efficiency v) the turbine exhaust
temperature.
b) What are the advantages and limitations of supercharging in an IC engine?
c) Explain briefly the stages of combustion in a CI engine.
22. a) Explain with figures various types of combustion chambers used in SI engines.
b) Explain with neat sketch the battery ignition system. Why is spark advance required?
c) What is scavenging process? Explain with a suitable sketch, any one of the scavenging processes.
23. A 6 cylinder Diesel engine operates on 4-stroke cycle. The bore of each cylinder id 95 mm and
stroke is 120 mm. Speed of engine 2400 rpm. Orifice diameter = 30 mm. Coefficient of discharge, Cd
= 0.62. Time of 100 c.c. Diesel consumption = 19.3 sec. Fuel density = 0.831 gm / c.c. Density of air
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Department of Mechanical engineering, AOT

= 1.17kg / m3. Manometric water head = 197 mm. Brake drum dia. = 300 mm. Rope diameter = 20
mm. Brake load = 56 kg. Calculate the following: i) brake power ii) brake thermal efficiency if
calorific value of Diesel is 43000 kJ / kg. iii) volumetric efficiency iv) brake mean effective pressure
v) brake specific fuel consumption. b) Explain the knocking phenomena in SI and CI engines and
discuss the factors which reduce knocking.
24. Fuel injection in a single cylinder 4S cycle C.I. engine running at 650 r.p.m. takes place through
single orifice nozzle and occupies 28 o of crank travel. The fuel consumption of the engine is 2.2
kg/hr and the fuel used has a sp. gravity of 0.875. If injection pressure is 150 bar and the combustion
chamber pressure is 32 bar; estimate the volume of fuel injected per cycle and the diameter of the
orifice. Take Cd=0.88.
25. The following data refer to an eight cylinder 4S petrol engine:
Bore
= 110 mm
Stroke
= 110 mm
Composition of the fuel used
= C = 84%; H2 = 16%
Throat diameter of the choke
= 42 mm
Volumetric efficiency at 300 r.p.m.
= 75% (at 0oC, 1.013 bar)
Pressure depression
= 0.12 bar
Tempearture at throat
= 15oC
Characteristics gas constant: for Air
= 287 J/kgK
for fuel vapour
= 97 J/kgK
If chemically correct air-fuel ratio is supplied, determine:
(i) Fuel consumption in kg/hr.;
(ii) The air velocity through the tube.
26. A four cylinder 4S S.I. engine has a compression ratio of 8 and bore of 100 mm, with stroke equal to
bore. The volumetric efficiency of each cylinder is equal to 76%. The engine operates at a speed of
4800 r.p.m. with an air-fuel ratio of 15.
Given that the calorific value of fuel = 42 MJ/kg, atmospheric density = 1.12 kg/m3, mean effective
pressure in the cylinder = 10 bar, mechanical efficiency = 80%; determine the indicated thermal
efficiency and brake power.
27. A 4S diesel engine having a capacity of 3600 c.c. develops 13 kW per m3 of free air induced per
minute. It has a volumetric efficiency of 82% at 3000 r.p.m. referred to free air conditions of 1.013
bar and 25oC. This engine is supercharged by a rotary compressor which develops a pressure ratio of
1.8 and has an isentropic efficiency of 75%. The compressor is coupled to main shaft of the engine
which supplies power to it. Estimate the increase in brake power due to supercharging. Assume
mechanical efficiency 80% and air intake to the cylinder to be at the pressure equal to the delivery
pressure from compressor and temperature equal to 4 oC less than the delivery temperature from the
compressor, and cylinder volume contains volume of charge equal to the swept volume.
28. An unsupercharged petrol engine develops 735 kW with air fuel ratio 12.8. The bsfc is 0.350
kg/kWh and mechanical efficiency 85%. The inlet pressure is 730 mm of mercury absolute and the
mixture temperature is 52oC. The engine is supercharged to a pressure ratio of 1.6 by a supercharger
of adiabatic efficiency 70% and mechanical efficiency of 90%. Assuming that A/F ratio remains
unchanged and I.P. is proportional to inlet density, calculate the power required to run the
supercharger.

prepared by Dr. A Kundu

Department of Mechanical engineering, AOT

Academy of Technology
Question Bank
IC Engine & Gas Turbine

(ME 601)
Discipline: ME
Course: B-Tech
Semester: 6th
Faculty: Dr. A. Kundu and Dr. P.K. Pal
For Institute Use Only

GROUP C
1. A gas engine having a cylinder 250 mm bore and 450 mm stroke has a volumetric efficiency of 80%.
Air-gas ratio equals 9:1, calorific value of fuel 21000 KJ per m3 at NTP. Calculate the heat supplied
to the engine per working cycle. If the compression ratio is 5:1, what is the heat value of the mixture
per working stroke per m3 of total cylinder volume?
[5]
2. Why are two strokes diesel engines, for large power, more common than two stroke petrol engines?
[4]
3. A 2.7 litre cubic capacity, six-cylinder, four-stroke Otto engine has a compression ratio of 10. The
engine develops 138 KW at 5000 rpm. Calculate i) air standard efficiency; ii) the necessary rate of
heat addition; iii) the mean effective pressure of the cycle; iv) the peak temperature and pressure of
the cycle.
[10]
4. An Otto cycle takes in air at 300 K. The ratio of maximum to minimum temperature is 6. Find out
the optimum compression ratio for the maximum work output of the cycle.
[5]
5. A carburetor with float chamber vented to atmosphere is tested in a laboratory without air cleaner.
The engine is run on economy mode with an air-fuel ratio of 16 at 1 bar. The throat pressure
measured is 0.82 bar. The same carburetor is once again tested with air cleaner fitted on to it. The
additional pressure drop due to air cleaner is 0.04 bar. With air flow at the atmospheric conditions to
remain unchanged at 250 kg/h. Assuming same air flow in both cases and constant coefficient of
flow determine i) throat pressure with air cleaner fitted ii) the air fuel ratio with air cleaner fitted. [5]
6. Show that the compression ratio for the maximum work in an Otto cycle is given by
r = (T3/T1)1/[2(-1)], where T1 and T3 are the lower and upper limits of absolute temperature
respectively. Also, prove that the intermediate temperatures for this condition are:
T2 = T4 = (T1T3)1 / 2
[10]
7. The analysis of a fuel is found to be carbon 86%, hydrogen 5%, oxygen 2%, sulphur 0.5% by weight
and the remainder is nitrogen. Determine the weight of stoichiometric air required per kg of fuel for
complete combustion. If the actual supply of air is 25 % in excess of this, estimate the percentage of
dry products of combustion by weight and by volume.
[10]
8. A hydrocarbon fuel has the following composition of dry products of combustion by volume: CO 2 =
12%, CO = 0.5%, O2 = 4%, and the rest N2. Determine the air-fuel ratio, the percent theoretical air
and the percentage composition of fuel on a mass basis.
[5]
9. What do you understand by pumping losses during gas exchange? Explain with the help of a p-V
diagram. What will be the effect of throttling and speed on pumping losses?
[5]
10. A four-cylinder, four-stroke Diesel engine develops 100 KW at 3500 rpm. Its brake specific fuel
consumption is 180 gm per KWh. Calculate the quantity of fuel to be injected per cycle per cylinder.
Specific gravity of the fuel may be taken as 0.88.
[5]
11. Briefly discuss the various factors which affect the ignition timing.
[8]
12. A two-stroke CI engine develops a brake power of 368 KW while its frictional power is 73.6 kW. Its
fuel consumption is 180 kg / h and works with an air fuel ratio of 20: 1. The heating value of the
fuel is 42000 kJ / kg. Calculate i) indicated power ii) mechanical efficiency iii) air consumption per
hour iv) indicated thermal efficiency v) brake thermal efficiency.
[10]
13. Explain the advantages and limitations of air cooling system.
[10]
9

prepared by Dr. A Kundu

Department of Mechanical engineering, AOT

14. Assuming a volumetric efficiency of 75%, estimate the probable indicated power of a four-cylinder
petrol engine, given the following data, diameter of cylinder = 180 mm; stroke = 210 mm; speed =
1000 rpm; air-fuel ratio = 16:1. Engine works on a four-stroke cycle, net calorific value of the fuel =
44 MJ / kg; thermal efficiency is 30%.Assume a = 1.3.
[5]
15. Explain the effect of the following factors on the performance of an SI engine: i) compression ratio
ii) air-fuel ratio iii) spark timing iv) engine speed v) mass of inducted charge and vi) heat losses. [10]
16. A Diesel engine has a brake thermal efficiency of 30%. If the calorific value of the fuel is 42000 kJ /
kg. Find its brake specific fuel consumption.
[5]
17. A certain engine at full load delivers a brake power of 36.8 kW at certain speed. It requires 7.36 kW
to overcome the friction and to rotate the engine without load at the same speed. Calculate its
mechanical efficiency. Assume that the mechanical losses remain constant, what will be the
mechanical efficiency at half load and quarter load.
[5]
18. Compute the bmep of a four-cylinder, two-stroke engine, 100 mm bore, 125 mm stroke when it
develops a torque of 490 Nm.
[2]
19. A petrol engine uses a fuel of calorific value of 42000 kJ / kg and has a specific gravity of 0.75. The
brake thermal efficiency is 24% and mechanical efficiency is 80%. If the engine develops a brake
power of 29.44 kW, calculate i) volume of the fuel consumed per second ii) indicated thermal
efficiency.
[5]

F
Fi

20. Refer to the figure above, what is the angle of overlap? What effect on volumetric efficiency would
expect if the angle of overlap is increased leaving intake opening unaltered?
[8]
21. Prove that with the increase in temperature inside the engine cylinder, for variable specific heat of
the gas or charge, thermal efficiency of the engine decreases.
[6]
22. What is the effect of mixture strength on thermal efficiency at a given compression ratio?
[4]
23. Determine the effect of percentage change in the efficiency of Otto cycle having a compression ratio
of 8, if the specific heat at constant volume increases by 10 percent.
[5]
24. State the various factors those affect the combustion in C.I. engines.
[6]
25. The requirement of air motion and swirl in a C.I. engine combustion chamber is more rigorous than
in a S.I. engine. Explain.
[6]

10

prepared by Dr. A Kundu