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CONTROL
Block Diagram
and
Transfer function
Process
Pressure
Flow
Level
Temperature
pH
dP cell
Capacitance
Radar, Sonic
Magnetic
Resistance
IR/Laser
Sensor
Transmitter
Controller
Transducer
Control valve
4-20 mA
1-5 Vdc
PID
Fuzzy logic
4-20 mA
3-15 psig
Linear
Equal percentage
I/P
Process
Pressure
Flow
Level
Temperature
pH
dP cell
Capacitance
Radar, Sonic
Magnetic
Resistance
IR/Laser
Sensor
mA
Transmitter 4-20
1-5 Vdc
Field/profibus
Controller
SP
SP
CONTROLLER
TRANSMITTER
CONTROL
VALVE
PID
Fuzzy logic
PROCESS
PV
Transducer
Control valve
4-20 mA
3-15 psig
Linear
Equal percentage
SP
Simulation mode
PROCESS
CONTROL
VALVE
SP
CONTROLLER
CONTROLLER
PV
TRANSMITTER
TRANSMITTER
CONTROL
VALVE
PROCESS
PV
Abdul Aziz Ishak, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (2009)
Example
SP
Steam in
TC
TT
Fluid in
Fluid out
Heat Exchanger
Ti
Steam out
T desired
Signal operation
Circle block diagram represents the signals operation. A
negative or positive sign is placed inside the circle to
represent deduction or addition of the respective signals.
Takeoff point
Takeoff point is a point where the signal is diverted into
multiple flows which has similar values to various
operators or control elements.
SP
Steam in
TC
TT
Fluid out
Heat Exchanger
T desired
Example 1
Draw a block diagram for the following equation:
Step 1
a. Identify control elements: a1 and a2
b. Identify signals: x1, x2 and 5
Step 2
Identify summing junction and arrows
Step 3
Draw and label complete block diagram.
y(s)=G1(s)G2(s)x(s)
Feedback loop
Example
Reduce the following block diagram to canonical form,
isolating block K in the forward loop. Then, calculate C/R.