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41

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42

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43

uGeyf sLwmvnfywfa&;Xmepdwf (Computer Operation Section) ESit


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&if;tif;ESiphf ;D yGm;a&;Xme (Central Statistics and Economics Department,
CSED)\ TeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;ouf

44

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udv
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wGuf uGeyf sLwmudak &G;cs,f&ef jrefrm
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ED pS cf pk vH;k
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f yhJ gonf/ IBM
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ac:,l&m french Information Research Institute (IRIA) ESifh Universtiy of California at Santa Cruz
(UZSC) wdu
Yk tqkrd sm;wifoiG ;f ygonf/

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1971 {NyDwiG f refae*smoH;k OD;udk
a&G;cs,fceft
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*sife,
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udkudkav;onf jynfolYvkyfief;aumfydk
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odv
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jref r mEk d i f i H u Gefy sLwmtoif; csKyfESifh toif;rsm;\ q,fEpS af jrmuftxl;xkwrf *Zif;

rsm;tm; uGeyf sLwmyd*k &rf pDpOfa&;om;


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ode;f u Offline Operator tjzpf ajymif;
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cs,fcyhJ gonf/ OD;xifausmfu vef'ef
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kd af tmuf uGeyf sLwm odyw
H u
odkvf (Institute of Computer Science) wGif uGey
f sLwmpm&if;tif;qkid &f m
r[modyo
H ifwef; (M.Sc. Computer
Oriented Statistics udk wufa&mufchJ
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wGif wufa&mufcyhJ gonf/
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cs,fceft
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uGeyf sLwmwuov
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 uGeyf sLwmwuov

jref r mEk d i f i H u Gefy sLwmtoif; csKyfESifh toif;rsm;\ q,fEpS af jrmuftxl;xkwrf *Zif;

45

(lyaA')u uGefysLwmatmfya&wm
tjzpfvnf;aumif;? OD;armifarmifav;?
a':nGefhnGefhwif? OD;oef;xGef;? OD;jrifh
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D uf(p) (UPS)
Alternator) ESihf ,lyt
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eD;,m;wuov
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fornia, Santa Cruz, UCSC) u &&Sc
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aqmifvrf;jyjzpfNyD; UCSC uGeyf sLwm
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armu Huskey ESppf Of vma&mufjcif;t
jyif umv&Snf (12 v) yg&*l (4)OD;ESihf
umvwkd (1v) yg&*lrsm;udk pDpOfay;&ef
&Sdygonf/

46

ICL \ tajcpdu
k f xde;f odr;f a&;
tif*sief ,
D mMr.Gaber Khalef (Egypt)
ESihf ICL tajcpdu
k af qmhz0f t
J if*sife,
D m
Mr.Ian Shearer (UK) wko
Yd nf atmuf
wkb
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hd wm0efrsm;udk
pwifxrf;aqmifMuygonf/
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wmudk uGeyf sLwmtcef;odhk ajymif;a&TY Ny;D
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bit words yg0ifaom ICL 1902S Central Processing Unit (CPU) yg0if
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S
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(Exchangeable Disk Drive) (2)ck
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avSmifEikd &f ef zdik rf sm;onf exchangeable disk drives wpfckxufruwGif
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tkyfcsKyfrI,lepfwpfckESifh wdwfacG,lepf
(4)ck? wpfred pf wGif uyfjym; (800)zwf
Edik af om uyfjym;zwfpufEiS Uf wpfred pf
wGif vdik ;f aygif; 1300 yHEk ydS Ef ikd af om vdik ;f
y&ifwm yg0ifygonf/ atmfya&wmt
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teletypewriter ? atmfya&wm console vnf; yg0ifygonf/ uyfjym;azmuf
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vnf; yg&Syd gonf/
uGeyf sLwmudk tkycf sKyf&ef yk*d &rfEiS Uf

toH;k csaqmhz0f rJ sm;udk vkyaf qmifEikd &f ef


ICL George 2 Operating System

atmufwiG f vkyaf qmifygonf/ tqifh


jrifyh k*d &rfppD Ofa&; bmompum;rsm;jzpf
aom FORTRAN ESiUf COBOL udv
k nf;
vufcaH xmufyUH ygonf/ Assembly bm
ompum;jzpfaom PLAN (Project
Language Nineteen Hundred) udk
vnf; vufcaH xmufyyhH gonf/ tjcm;
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J rf sm;rSm zdik rf sm;rS owif;tcsuf
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oef;acgifpm&if;ESifh ppfwrf;rsm;Z,m;
zGEYJ ikd af om FILAN bmompum;udv
k nf;
axmufyyhH gonf/

1973 ckEpS f
ICL 1902S uGey
f sLwmESihf ywf0ef;

usipf epfrsm;tm; vufcpH pfaq;prf;oyfrI


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8 &ufaehwiG f NyD;qH;k cJUygonf/ ICL ESiUf
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jrefrmEdik if u
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rsm;udk 0dkif;0ef;BudK;pm;vkyfudkifMu&if;
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aqmifvmcJMh uonf/

jref r mEk d i f i H u Gefy sLwmtoif; csKyfESifh toif;rsm;\ q,fEpS af jrmuftxl;xkwrf *Zif;

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