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Examples(Set1)

ProblemsonPermutationsandCombinationsSolvedExamples(Set1)
1.Outof7consonantsand4vowels,howmanywordsof3consonantsand2vowelscan
beformed?
A.24400

B.21300

C.210

D.25200

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Numberofwaysofselecting3consonantsfrom7
=7C3
Numberofwaysofselecting2vowelsfrom4
=4C2
Numberofwaysofselecting3consonantsfrom7and2vowelsfrom4
=7C34C2
7 6 5
= (

4 3
) (

3 2 1

)
2 1

= 210

Itmeanswecanhave210groupswhereeachgroupcontainstotal5letters(3consonants
and2vowels).
Numberofwaysofarranging5lettersamongthemselves
= 5! = 5 4 3 2 1 = 120

Hence,requirednumberofways
= 210 120 = 25200

2.Inagroupof6boysand4girls,fourchildrenaretobeselected.Inhowmanydifferent

wayscantheybeselectedsuchthatatleastoneboyshouldbethere?
A.159

B.209

C.201

D.212

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Inagroupof6boysand4girls,fourchildrenaretobeselectedsuchthatatleastoneboy
shouldbethere.
Hencewehave4optionsasgivenbelow
Wecanselect4boys...(option1)
Numberofwaystothis=6C4
Wecanselect3boysand1girl...(option2)
Numberofwaystothis=6C34C1
Wecanselect2boysand2girls...(option3)
Numberofwaystothis=6C24C2
Wecanselect1boyand3girls...(option4)
Numberofwaystothis=6C14C3
Totalnumberofways
=6C4+6C34C1+6C24C2+6C14C3
=6C2+6C34C1+6C24C2+6C14C1
6 5
=

6 5 4
+

2 1

6 5

4 +
3 2 1

4 3

2 1

[nCr=nC(nr)]
+ 6 4

2 1

= 15 + 80 + 90 + 24 = 209

3.Fromagroupof7menand6women,fivepersonsaretobeselectedtoforma
committeesothatatleast3menarethereinthecommittee.Inhowmanywayscanitbe
done?

A.624

B.702

C.756

D.812

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Fromagroupof7menand6women,fivepersonsaretobeselectedwithatleast3men.
Hencewehavethefollowing3options.
Wecanselect5men...(option1)
Numberofwaystodothis=7C5
Wecanselect4menand1woman...(option2)
Numberofwaystodothis=7C46C1
Wecanselect3menand2women...(option3)
Numberofwaystodothis=7C36C2
Totalnumberofways
=7C5+(7C46C1)+(7C36C2)
=7C2+(7C36C1)+(7C36C2)
7 6
=

7 6 5
+

2 1

7 6 5

6 +
3 2 1

[nCr=nC(nr)]
6 5

3 2 1

2 1

= 21 + 210 + 525
= 756

4.Inhowmanydifferentwayscanthelettersoftheword'OPTICAL'bearrangedsothat
thevowelsalwayscometogether?
A.610

B.720

C.825

D.920

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answerwithexplanation

Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Theword'OPTICAL'has7letters.Ithasthevowels'O','I','A'initandthese3vowels
shouldalwayscometogether.Hencethesethreevowelscanbegroupedandconsidered
asasingleletter.Thatis,PTCL(OIA).
Hencewecanassumetotallettersas5andalltheselettersaredifferent.
Numberofwaystoarrangetheseletters
= 5! = 5 4 3 2 1 = 120

Allthe3vowels(OIA)aredifferent
Numberofwaystoarrangethesevowelsamongthemselves
= 3! = 3 2 1 = 6

Hence,requirednumberofways
= 120 6 = 720

5.Inhowmanydifferentwayscanthelettersoftheword'CORPORATION'bearranged
sothatthevowelsalwayscometogether?
A.47200

B.48000

C.42000

D.50400

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Theword'CORPORATION'has11letters.Ithasthevowels'O','O','A','I','O'initandthese
5vowelsshouldalwayscometogether.Hencethese5vowelscanbegroupedand
consideredasasingleletter.thatis,CRPRTN(OOAIO).
Hencewecanassumetotallettersas7.Butinthese7letters,'R'occurs2timesandrest
ofthelettersaredifferent.
Numberofwaystoarrangetheseletters
7!
=

7 6 5 4 3 2 1
=

2!

= 2520
2 1

Inthe5vowels(OOAIO),'O'occurs3andrestofthevowelsaredifferent.
Numberofwaystoarrangethesevowelsamongthemselves
5!
=

5 4 3 2 1
=

= 20
3 2 1

3!

Hence,requirednumberofways
= 2520 20 = 50400

6.Inhowmanywayscanagroupof5menand2womenbemadeoutofatotalof7men
and3women?
A.1

B.126

C.63

D.64

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Weneedtoselect5menfrom7menand2womenfrom3women.
Numberofwaystodothis
=7C53C2
=7C23C1

[nCr=nC(nr)]

7 6
=

3
2 1

= 21 3 = 63

7.Inhowmanydifferentwayscanthelettersoftheword'MATHEMATICS'bearranged
suchthatthevowelsmustalwayscometogether?
A.9800

B.100020

C.120960

D.140020

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionC
Explanation:

Theword'MATHEMATICS'has11letters.Ithasthevowels'A','E','A','I'initandthese4
vowelsmustalwayscometogether.Hencethese4vowelscanbegroupedandconsidered
asasingleletter.Thatis,MTHMTCS(AEAI).
Hencewecanassumetotallettersas8.Butinthese8letters,'M'occurs2times,'T'
occurs2timesbutrestofthelettersaredifferent.
Hence,numberofwaystoarrangetheseletters
8!
=

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
= 10080

(2!)(2!)

(2 1)(2 1)

Inthe4vowels(AEAI),'A'occurs2timesandrestofthevowelsaredifferent.
Numberofwaystoarrangethesevowelsamongthemselves=

4!

4 3 2 1
=

2!

= 12
2 1

Hence,requirednumberofways
= 10080 12 = 120960

8.Thereare8menand10womenandyouneedtoformacommitteeof5menand6
women.Inhowmanywayscanthecommitteebeformed?
A.10420

B.11

C.11760

D.Noneofthese

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Weneedtoselect5menfrom8menand6womenfrom10women
Numberofwaystodothis
=8C510C6
=8C310C4

[nCr=nC(nr)]

8 7 6
= (

10 9 8 7
)(

3 2 1

)
4 3 2 1

= 56 210 = 11760

9.Howmany3letterwordswithorwithoutmeaning,canbeformedoutofthelettersof
theword,'LOGARITHMS',ifrepetitionoflettersisnotallowed?
A.720

B.420

C.Noneofthese

D.5040

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Theword'LOGARITHMS'has10differentletters.
Hence,thenumberof3letterwords(withorwithoutmeaning)formedbyusingthese
letters
=10P3
= 10 9 8
= 720

10.Inhowmanydifferentwayscanthelettersoftheword'LEADING'bearrangedsuch
thatthevowelsshouldalwayscometogether?
A.Noneofthese

B.720

C.420

D.122

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Theword'LEADING'has7letters.Ithasthevowels'E','A','I'initandthese3vowels
shouldalwayscometogether.Hencethese3vowelscanbegroupedandconsideredasa
singleletter.thatis,LDNG(EAI).
Hencewecanassumetotallettersas5andalltheselettersaredifferent.Numberofways
toarrangetheseletters
= 5! = 5 4 3 2 1 = 120

Inthe3vowels(EAI),allthevowelsaredifferent.Numberofwaystoarrangethese

vowelsamongthemselves
= 3! = 3 2 1 = 6

Hence,requirednumberofways
= 120 6 = 720

11.Acoinistossed3times.Findoutthenumberofpossibleoutcomes.
A.Noneofthese

B.8

C.2

D.1

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Whenacoinistossedonce,therearetwopossibleoutcomes:Head(H)andTale(T)
Hence,whenacoinistossed3times,thenumberofpossibleoutcomes
= 2 2 2 = 8

(ThepossibleoutcomesareHHH,HHT,HTH,HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT)

12.Inhowmanydifferentwayscanthelettersoftheword'DETAIL'bearrangedsuch
thatthevowelsmustoccupyonlytheoddpositions?
A.Noneofthese

B.64

C.120

D.36

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Theword'DETAIL'has6letterswhichhas3vowels(EAI)and3consonants(DTL)
The3vowels(EAI)mustoccupyonlytheoddpositions.Let'smarkthepositionsas(1)(2)
(3)(4)(5)(6).Now,the3vowelsshouldonlyoccupythe3positionsmarkedas(1),(3)
and(5)inanyorder.

Hence,numberofwaystoarrangethesevowels
=3P3= 3! = 3 2 1 = 6
Nowwehave3consonants(DTL)whichcanbearrangedintheremaining3positionsin
anyorder.Hence,numberofwaystoarrangetheseconsonants
=3P3= 3! = 3 2 1 = 6
Totalnumberofways
=numberofwaystoarrangethevowelsnumberofwaystoarrangetheconsonants
= 6 6 = 36

13.Abagcontains2whiteballs,3blackballsand4redballs.Inhowmanywayscan3
ballsbedrawnfromthebag,ifatleastoneblackballistobeincludedinthedraw?
A.64

B.128

C.32

D.Noneofthese

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14.Inhowmanydifferentwayscanthelettersoftheword'JUDGE'bearrangedsuchthat
thevowelsalwayscometogether?
A.Noneofthese

B.48

C.32

D.64

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Theword'JUDGE'has5letters.Ithas2vowels(UE)andthese2vowelsshouldalways
cometogether.Hencethese2vowelscanbegroupedandconsideredasasingleletter.
Thatis,JDG(UE).
Hencewecanassumetotallettersas4andalltheselettersaredifferent.Numberofways
toarrangetheseletters
= 4! = 4 3 2 1 = 24

Inthe2vowels(UE),allthevowelsaredifferent.Numberofwaystoarrangethese

vowelsamongthemselves
= 2! = 2 1 = 2

Totalnumberofways= 24 2 = 48

15.Inhowmanywayscanthelettersoftheword'LEADER'bearranged?
A.Noneofthese

B.120

C.360

D.720

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Theword'LEADER'has6letters.
Butinthese6letters,'E'occurs2timesandrestofthelettersaredifferent.
Hence,numberofwaystoarrangetheseletters
6!
=

6 5 4 3 2 1
=

2!

= 360
2 1

16.Howmanywordscanbeformedbyusingalllettersoftheword'BIHAR'?
A.720

B.24

C.120

D.60

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Theword'BIHAR'has5lettersandallthese5lettersaredifferent.
Totalnumberofwordsthatcanbeformedbyusingallthese5letters
=5P5= 5!
= 5 4 3 2 1 = 120

17.Howmanyarrangementscanbemadeoutofthelettersoftheword'ENGINEERING'
?
A.924000

B.277200

C.Noneofthese

D.182000

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Theword'ENGINEERING'has11letters.
Butinthese11letters,'E'occurs3times,'N'occurs3times,'G'occurs2times,'I'occurs2
timesandrestofthelettersaredifferent.
Hence,numberofwaystoarrangetheseletters
11!
=
(3!)(3!)(2!)(2!)
11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
=
(3 2)(3 2)(2)(2)
= 277200

18.Howmany3digitnumberscanbeformedfromthedigits2,3,5,6,7and9whichare
divisibleby5andnoneofthedigitsisrepeated?
A.20

B.16

C.8

D.24

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19.Howmanywordswithorwithoutmeaning,canbeformedbyusingallthelettersof
theword,'DELHI'usingeachletterexactlyonce?
A.720

B.24

C.Noneofthese

D.120

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD

Explanation:
Theword'DELHI'has5lettersandalltheselettersaredifferent.
Totalnumberofwords(withorwithoutmeaning)thatcanbeformedusingallthese5
lettersusingeachletterexactlyonce
=Numberofarrangementsof5letterstakenallatatime
=5P5= 5! = 5 4 3 2 1 = 120

20.Whatisthevalueof100P2?
A.9801

B.12000

C.5600

D.9900

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
100P =
2

100 99 = 9900

21.Inhowmanydifferentwayscanthelettersoftheword'RUMOUR'bearranged?
A.Noneofthese

B.128

C.360

D.180

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Theword'RUMOUR'has6letters.
Inthese6letters,'R'occurs2times,'U'occurs2timesandrestofthelettersare
different.
Hence,numberofwaystoarrangetheseletters
6!

6 5 4 3 2

6!

6 5 4 3 2

= 180
2 2

(2!)(2!)

22.Thereare6periodsineachworkingdayofaschool.Inhowmanywayscanone
organize5subjectssuchthateachsubjectisallowedatleastoneperiod?
A.3200

B.Noneofthese

C.1800

D.3600

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Solution1
5subjectscanbearrangedin6periodsin6P5ways.
Anyofthe5subjectscanbeorganizedintheremainingperiod(5C1ways).
Twosubjectsarealikeineachofthearrangement.Soweneedtodivideby2!toavoid
overcounting.
Totalnumberofarrangements
6

P5 C1

= 1800

2!

Solution2
5subjectscanbeselectedin5C5ways.
1subjectcanbeselectedin5C1ways.
These6subjectscanbearrangedthemselvesin6!ways.
Sincetwosubjectsaresame,weneedtodivideby2!
Therefore,totalnumberofarrangements
5

C5 C1 6!

= 1800

2!

Solution3
Selectany5periods(6C5ways).
Allocateadifferentsubjecttoeachofthese5periods(1way).
These5subjectscanbearrangedthemselvesin5!ways.
Selectthe6thperiod(1way).
Allocateasubjecttothisperiod(5C1ways).
Twosubjectsarealikeineachofthearrangement.Soweneedtodivideby2!toavoid
overcounting.
Therefore,requirednumberofways
6

C5 1 5! 1 C1

= 1800

2!

Solution4
Thereare5subjectsand6periods.Eachsubjectmustbeallowedinatleastoneperiod.
Therefore,twoperiodswillhavesamesubjectandremainingfourperiodswillhave
differentsubjects.
Selectthetwoperiodswherethesamesubjectistaught.Thiscanbedonein6C2ways.
Allocateasubjecttwothesetwoperiods(5C1ways).
Remaining4subjectscanbearrangedintheremaining4periodsin4!ways.
Requirednumberofways
=6C25C14!=1800

23.Howmany6digittelephonenumberscanbeformedifeachnumberstartswith35
andnodigitappearsmorethanonce?
A.720

B.360

C.1420

D.1680

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Thefirsttwoplacescanonlybefilledby3and5respectivelyandthereisonly1wayfor
doingthis.
Giventhatnodigitappearsmorethanonce.Hencewehave8digitsremaining
(0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9)

So,thenext4placescanbefilledwiththeremaining8digitsin8P4ways.
Totalnumberofways=8P4= 8 7 6 5 = 1680

24.Aneventmanagerhastenpatternsofchairsandeightpatternsoftables.Inhowmany
wayscanhemakeapairoftableandchair?
A.100

B.80

C.110

D.64

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Hehas10patternsofchairsand8patternsoftables
Achaircanbeselectedin10ways.
Atablecanbeselectedin8ways.
Henceonechairandonetablecanbeselectedin10 8ways= 80ways

25.25busesarerunningbetweentwoplacesPandQ.Inhowmanywayscanapersongo
fromPtoQandreturnbyadifferentbus?
A.Noneofthese

B.600

C.576

D.625

HideAnswer | Notebook |Discuss

answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Hecangoinanyofthe25buses(25ways).
Sincehecannotcomebackinthesamebus,hecanreturnin24ways.
Totalnumberofways= 25 24 = 600

26.Aboxcontains4red,3whiteand2blueballs.Threeballsaredrawnatrandom.Find
outthenumberofwaysofselectingtheballsofdifferentcolours?
A.62

B.48

C.12

D.24

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
1redballcanbeselectedin4C1ways.
1whiteballcanbeselectedin3C1ways.
1blueballcanbeselectedin2C1ways.
Totalnumberofways
=4C13C12C1
= 4 3 2
= 24

27.AquestionpaperhastwopartsPandQ,eachcontaining10questions.Ifastudent
needstochoose8frompartPand4frompartQ,inhowmanywayscanhedothat?
A.Noneofthese

B.6020

C.1200

D.9450

HideAnswer | Notebook |Discuss

answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Numberofwaystochoose8questionsfrompartP=10C8
Numberofwaystochoose4questionsfrompartQ=10C4
Totalnumberofways
=10C810C4
=10C210C4
10 9
= (

[nCr=nC(nr)]
10 9 8 7

)(
2 1

)
4 3 2 1

= 45 210
= 9450

28.Inhowmanydifferentwayscan5girlsand5boysformacirclesuchthattheboysand
thegirlsalternate?
A.2880

B.1400

C.1200

D.3212

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
Aroundacircle,5boyscanbearrangedin4!ways.
Giventhattheboysandthegirlsalternate.Hencethereare5placesforthegirls.
Thereforethegirlscanbearrangedin5!ways.
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Totalnumberofways
= 4! 5! = 24 120 = 2880

29.Findoutthenumberofwaysinwhich6ringsofdifferenttypescanbewornin3

fingers?
A.120

B.720

C.125

D.729

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Thefirstringcanbeworninanyofthe3fingers(3ways).
Similarlyeachoftheremaining5ringsalsocanbewornin3ways.
Hencetotalnumberofways
6

= 3 3 3 3 3 3 = 3

= 729

30.Inhowmanywayscan5mandrawwaterfrom5tapsifnotapcanbeusedmorethan
once?
A.Noneofthese

B.720

C.60

D.120

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answerwithexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
1stmancandrawwaterfromanyofthe5taps.
2ndmancandrawwaterfromanyoftheremaining4taps.
3rdmancandrawwaterfromanyoftheremaining3taps.
4thmancandrawwaterfromanyoftheremaining2taps.
Thispage
5th
mancandrawwaterfromremaining1tap.
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Hencetotalnumberofways
= 5 4 3 2 1 = 120

Set1

Set2

Set3

Set4

Set5

Comments(68) SortNewest
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showing110of68comments,sortednewesttotheoldest

vijay 1yearago
inhowmanywayssumscanbeformedusingexactlynvariables......
input
5>(s)
2>(n)
output
4
reason:
2+33+21+44+1
cananyonehelpmetofindthelogic?

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Jay 1yearago
Youarelookingforintegerpartitions.ReferCountingIntegralSolutions

KushalVyas 1yearago
whyo!=1???

shuvamgupta 1yearago
Therearethreeproof:
A)Pattern
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4!=5!/5
3!=4!/4
2!=3!/3
1!=2!/2
And
0!=1!/1===1...

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B)Practicalsums:
No.ofwaysofarranging
Theword"APPLE"
ANS
asthereare2pand1a,l,e
So,5!/(2!*1!*1!*1!)
Butother24alphabetsarenottheresotheyare0inno.
Forthemitwillbe0!
If0!=1*0=0
Soouranswermustbeundefined,butinrealityitisnot
So,0!=1
C)Practicalthinking:
Ifthereare3itemswecanarrangein3!Ways
Ifthereare2itemswecanarrangein2!Ways
Ifthereare1itemswecanarrangein1!Ways
Ifthereare0itemswecanarrangein1way...itpresentstate...so0!=1.
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Manu 10monthsago
Hai,BrowhatusaidisrightandsimplywecanlearnbyCprogrammingfor0!iseasy
wayofunderstanding.Don'tthinkbaditsjustanexampleforknowingthefactorial
case.ThosewhoknowClanguageitiseasilyunderstandable..
Ex:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
intfact=1,i,num
printf("EntertheNumber:\n")
scanf("%d",&num)
for(i=1i<=numi++)
{
fact=fact*i
}
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printf("%d\n",fact)
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}
Itcanbeunderstoodsimplythat.Thefactorialof0!=1isalways1.Ifnotthefactorial
caseiswrong.
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Andrea 1yearago
Howmanywordswithorwithoutdictionarymeaningcanbeformedusingthelettersof
thewordEQUATIONsothevowelandconsonantaresidebyside?
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alia 9monthsago
thereare5vowelsso5!waysofarrangingthem.
3consonants,so3!waysofarrangingthem.
overallthereare2waystoarrangethegroupsofvowelsandconsonants.
Hencetheanswerwouldbe2!x5!x3!=1440
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ajaygupta 5monthsago
no..itwillbethesameasvowelscomestogether..means3consonantsandonegroup
ofvowelsasasumed4andsuchthat4!waysand5vowelsarearrangedin5!ways
andhence=4!*5!=2880ways
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sam 5monthsago
"itwillbethesameasvowelscomestogether."
No.Withyourlogic,QEUAIOTNisalsoavalidarrangementwhichisnot.Vowels
andconsonantsmustbesidebyside,like'EUAIO'QTN
Alia'sansweriscorrect.
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Dev 1yearago
Assumingthatalllettersneedstobeused.
EQUATION5vowelsand3consonants
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5vowelscanbearrangedin5!ways
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3consonantscanbearrangedin3!ways
eachofthisgroupcanbearrangedin2!ways
Totalnumberofways=5!*3!*2!=1440
Requirednumberofwords=1440

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