Introduction to VTSAT and SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

WHAT IS VSAT
 Stands for “Very Small
Aperture Terminal” and
refers to receive/transmit
terminals installed at
dispersed sites connecting to
a central hub via satellite
using small diameter
antenna dishes (0.6 to 3.8
meter).
@ C and KU Band
Frequencies
 BROADCASTING ONLY  Transmit/Receive..... V
 Stock market & other news Interactive computer
S

broadcasting transactions
 Training or continuing  Internet A
education from a distance  Video Teleconferencing T
 Distribute financial trends &  Bank transactions, ATM
analyses
 Introduce new products at
 Reservation systems S
Distributed remote process
E

geographically dispersed
locations control and telemetry
 Voice communications R
 Distribute video or TV
programs  Emergency services V
 Distribute music in stores &  Electronic fund transfer at I
Point-of-Sale
public areas C
Relay advertising to electronic  Medical data transfer
E

signs in retail stores  Sales monitoring & stock
control S
Equipments required for VSAT
network
 ANTENNAS
 HIGH POWER AMPLIFIER
 LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER
 UP & DOWN CONVERTER
 ECHO-CANCELLER
 MODEMS
 Power spliter
 POWER SYSTEM
Satellite network TO link LAN
between offices
Satellite-Terrestrial Networking
used to share the data from offices
Multiple Access
 FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access )
 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access )
 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access )
FDMA
 Frequency Division Multiple Access
(FDMA)
 – An approach to sharing a channel by
separating the simultaneous users in
frequency
Power Output FDMA

Frequency
TDMA
 Time division multiple access (TDMA)
 – Approach for allotting single-channel
usage amongst many users, by
dividing the channel into slots of time
during which each user has access to
the medium.
TDMA/FDMA Combination

FDMA
Power Output

Each Channel in 200 KHz

turn assigned to 8
subscribers on
TDMA mode Frequency
TDMA
 Tipical TDMA IN TRANSPONDAR
CDMA
 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
 – Spread spectrum technique using
high-speed pseudo random (PN)
codes to scramble data words and
spread spectral occupancy for added
robustness.
The Signal Path
TECHNOLOGY SIMPLIFIED –
SCPC (DAMA/PAMA)
 Pre – assigned multiple accesses. (PAMA):
In Pre – assigned multiple accesses the
frequency allotted is fixed. Suppose we
want to call any place, then the frequency
of call signal is fixed. This results in less
number of calls. Pre – assigned multiple
accesses is used to send the data or other
any signal.
 Demand assigned multiple accesses (DAMA): In Demand
assigned multiple accesses frequency allotted is controlled
by Master Signaling Channel Unit (MSCU). Suppose if we
want to call any place then a request is send to MSCU.
MSCU allots frequency the frequency which is free. Then the
call is establish between that two places by using allotted
frequency. Once the call is complete is over, then the
frequency is left free so that it can be used again by other
caller. So now there can be many numbers of connections as
compared in PAMA. The satellite earth station where there is
MSCU is called as master’s station or HUB station.
Main Components (cont)
 Master site contains:
 Redundant call processing computers
 An administration and maintenance terminal

 An antenna

 A redundant RF subsystem

 Master signaling channel units

 Features
 DAMA System features enhance configurations
and simplify network operation. Features
include:
 Universal telephone interface
 Digitized voice with Group III fax
 Voice/data circuits can be added
 Traffic analysis and billing data collection
 Monitoring and control of remote stations
 Priority call handling
 Redundant common equipment
 Flexible, configurable channel units
Remote Signaling (cont’d)
Typical 24 channel C-band
transponder frequency plan