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•Urban design tools are specific techniques that can be applied at
appropriate stages in the design
•Project planning process to facilitate quality outcomes. These tools
can help in understanding the urban context, encouraging
community involvement, increasing the understanding of urban
design issues, describing intended design outcomes, establishing
design processes, and organising people and resource.
• They can be used either individually or collectively in achieving
quality urban design outcomes.
Urban design is a collaborative and multi-disciplinary process. It generally involves
a large number of people, from the initial concept phase through to
implementation and ongoing management. Several legislative tools, including the
Resource Management Act 1991, the Local Government Act 2002, and the Land
Transport Management Act 2003, influence urban design. The urban design tools
can help produce statutory and non-statutory plans and strategies under
these statutes.
This Urban Design Toolkit has been designed to help those involved in every stage of
the process to work together more effectively, by describing a wide variety of tools
used commonly in urban design, and by providing a common vocabulary for talking
about urban design issues. Judicious selection and skilled application of appropriate
tools and techniques will help achieve high-quality urban design in our towns and
cities. However, no tool, process or programme can substitute for professional
experience and the commitment of the people involved in generating
creative, high-quality urban design solutions.
How to Use the Urban Design Toolkit
What it is:
Collecting and analysing a wide range of historical data contained in, for example,
institutional, corporate or public records. Archive research provides historical
information about the past environment, activities and structures.
What it is:
It is a process of identifying and evaluating the potential positive and negative
impacts that a proposal may have on the environment. The purpose of this
assessment is to ensure that decision-makers consider environmental impacts
before deciding whether or not to proceed with a particular project.
What it is:
Mapping the age of buildings to show the age distribution and concentrations of
buildings and periods of urban development.
What it is:
A graphic technique for recording and analysing the physical features and
structural patterns of a geographical area.
What it is:
A specialised tool used by traffic engineers and transportation planners to plan,
predict, monitor and manage road and transport systems across a range of modes
and spatial scales.
What it is:
Analysis techniques used to study the present and past historical patterns of urban
structure, form, land use and patterns. Provides an understanding of the existing
physical form and structure of the urban environment at different scales, from
individual buildings, lots, street patterns and blocks. It is typically differentiated
from urban design audits by its focus on the past and present spatial patterns of a
given urban area.
What it is:
A prototype of part of a development site used to show how the
development will look, or the first stage of a much larger project
that is constructed in its entirety to demonstrate how the rest
of the development will proceed.
What it’s useful for:
Demonstrating the benefits of a particular design to give
confidence that an innovative approach will be successful before
starting construction, or to act as a catalyst for the development
of a particular area. A demonstration project can help persuade
others to follow the precedent by providing tangible evidence of
a proposal and demonstrating the success of its design
innovation.
How it’s done:
Creating community or private projects to a high quality or
exemplar standard that can be
transferred to similar projects.
Planning and Design Tools
Concept Plan
What it is:
A conceptual plan of how a site can be developed, which is less detailed than a
masterplan. Often related to landscape plans for street and open space
development projects. Concept plans can also be used to illustrate proposals at the
city-wide, sub-regional or regional scale.