How, when and by whom was the ABO system

?discovered

Karl Landsteiner (born June 14, 1868, Vienna, Austrian

Empire, died June 26, 1943, New York). He is an Austrian
American immunologist and pathologist who received the
1930 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery
.of ABO system of blood typing
In 1875 Leonard Landois had reported that, when man is given
transfusions of the blood of other animals, these foreign blood
corpuscles are clumped and broken up in the blood vessels of man
with the liberation of hemoglobin. In 1901-1903 Landsteiner pointed
out that a similar reaction may occur when the blood of one human
individual is transfused, not with the blood of another animal, but
with that of another human being, and that this might be the cause
of shock, jaundice, and haemoglobinuria that had followed some
earlier attempts at blood transfusions. However, his suggestions is
received little attention until, in 1909, he classified the bloods of
human beings into the now well-known A, B, AB, and O groups and
showed that transfusions between individuals of groups A or B do
not result in the destruction of new blood cells and that this
catastrophe occurs only when a person is transfused with the blood
.of a person belonging to a different group

How many loci are there and on what

?chromosome
.Single locus system. The locus is in chromosome 9

?How many alleles are there for each locus

 :There are three alleles

Ia: this one produces the antigen A on the red blood cells
.surfaces

Ib: this one produces the antigen B on the red blood cells
.surfaces

Io: this is a recessive gene, its produce neither antigen(A

.(and B

Ia and Ib are co-dominant which means that if both of them

are present on the surface of red blood cells, the blood
group will be AB. But Io is recessive which means that the
.blood group will be O only

:The references
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/19
30/landsteiner-bio.html

http://www.drgreene.com/21_679.html

:This is funny video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
fVDGu82FeQ&feature=related

SHOUQ AL-HAMMADI
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